cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Cybersecurity Incident Response Team Effectiveness Using Teams-Based Research

The effective functioning of cybersecurity incident response teams (CSIRTs) is critical for the protection of digital information used by individuals and organizations around the world. However, because CSIRTs are a relatively new type of team, what is known about improving their effectiveness isn't as fully developed as it is for other teams with a richer research history. To improve the development and performance of CSIRTs, the authors point out important areas that can help CSIRTs function effectively as a team. Specifically, they focus on team adaptation, communication, problem solving, trust, and development of shared knowledge among team members.
Gramsci's Black Marx: Whither the Slave in Civil Society?

(2003). Gramsci's Black Marx: Whither the Slave in Civil Society? Social Identities: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 225-240.
Religious Science Fiction Before Science Fiction

A close relative of SF is horror, another genre that makes great use of the fantastic and a willing suspension of disbelief. Two well-known writers of the modern era who worked in both areas, occasionally in the same story, were H. P. Lovecraft (1890–1937) and Ray Bradbury (1920–2012). Long before the rise of SF to what it has become today, the literary niche occupied by horror stories for the masses was a busy place. Dating back to before the start of the nineteenth century and the invention of the high-speed rotary printing press, the Georgian and Victorian periods in England, in particular, were seemingly populated by endless numbers of people who couldn’t get enough of tales involving supernatural entities like ghosts, vampires, the devil, demons, werewolves, and other assorted monsters (a role played later in SF by ‘aliens from the stars’). Sex sold well, too, and the Gothic horror novel had a tremendous following, with hack writers often out-selling more recognized authors such as Dickens and Thackeray. Not all such works were prurient, of course, with the 1818 Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (1797–1851) considered today to be a classic, as is the much later 1897 vampire horror novel Dracula by Bram Stoker (1847–1912).
Physiological and psychological mechanisms of cancer anorexia

Recent research addressing possible causes of the decline in spontaneous food intake which accompanies tumor growth and antitumor therapies is reviewed. Investigations of whether disruptions in brain mechanisms involved in feeding are responsible for cancer anorexia are briefly summarized. Studies evaluating the contributions of learned food aversions to the anorexia induced by tumors and antitumor therapy are discussed in some detail. Evidence is presented, from both the clinic and the laboratory, that learned food aversions occur as a result of the association of foods with the discomfort induced by chemotherapy and/or tumor growth. The possible role these aversions play in the etiology of cancer anorexia is discussed, and studies aimed at developing methods for preventing them are described.
Complement receptor type 1.

This review will focus on the complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) expressed by erythrocytes and will cover its structure, molecular biology, and function as a membrane inhibitor of complement activation. The CR1 present on phagocytic cells and lymphocytes has similar functions in regulation of complement activation and serves as a receptor responsible for triggering cellular activation events such as phagocytosis or Ig synthesis. These latter receptor functions of CR1 are not covered in this review, and the reader is referred to several past reviews about leukocyte CR1 for this information (Ross and Medof 1985; Wright and Griffin 1985; Fearon and Ahearn 1989; Ross et al. 1989). Erythrocyte CR1 has three functions in regulation of complement activation that are covered in this review: (a) inhibition of the C3 and C5 convertases of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation; (b) factor I cofactor activity for cleavage of C3b and iC3b; (c) adsorption of soluble immune complexes, thereby inhibiting complement-mediated inflammation. Table 1 summarizes the attributes of CR1 on all cell types.
Fuzzy prime ideals of a ring

Abstract This paper characterizes all fuzzy prime ideals P of an arbitrary ring R. We show that a nonconstant fuzzy ideal P of R is prime if and only if P0 ={;x ϵ R: P(x) = P(0)}; is a prime ideal of R, P is two-valued, and P(0) = 1. Examples are given showing that P0 is a prime ideal is not sufficient for P to be a fuzzy prime ideal and that P0 may be a prime ideal of R with the image of P being of arbitrary finite cardinality or being countably infinite.
"Who Benefits from University Spillovers? Institutions, University Spillovers, and Firm Performance"

This study examines the impact of local institutional arrangements on firm level spillover effects from universities. Specifically, I test the proposition of co-location with universities affecting...
Anion Size Effect on Electrode Potential in a Nanoporous Carbon

1 March 2012 When two half-supercapacitors are of different temperatures and connected together, since the electrode potential is thermally dependent, a significant output voltage is generated. This thermally induced capacitive effect can be employed for harvesting and storing low-grade heat. In the current study, the effects of anion size are investigated experimentally. In the nanoporous carbon under investigation, the electrode potential increases with temperature. The thermal sensitivity of electrode potential increases somewhat linearly with the anion size, suggesting that using large anions is beneficial. These unique phenomena should be attributed to the unique solvated structures and ion distribution characteristics in the confining nanoenvironment.
Marital hostility, hostile parenting, and child aggression: associations from toddlerhood to school age

Objective The spillover hypothesis suggests that childhood aggression results from spillover of interparental conflict to poor parenting, which promotes aggressive child behavior. This study was designed to examine the spillover hypothesis in non–genetically related parent–child dyads from the toddler period through age 6 years. Method A sample of 361 sets of children, adoptive parents, and birth parents from the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS) was assessed from child age 9 months to 6 years on measures of adoptive parent financial strain, antisocial traits, marital hostility, hostile parenting, and child aggression. Structural equation modeling was used to examine links from financial strain, parent antisocial traits, and marital hostility in infancy and toddlerhood to hostile parenting and child aggression at ages 4.5 and 6 years. Results Spillover of marital conflict from child age 18 to 27 months was associated with more parental hostility in mothers and fathers at 27 months. In turn, adoptive fathers’ parental hostility, but not mothers’, was associated with aggression in children at age 4.5 years. However, there was no significant spillover from hostile parenting at 4.5 years to child aggression at 6 years. Birth mother antisocial traits were unassociated with child aggression. Conclusion This study is the first to examine spillover of marital hostility to parenting to child aggression from toddlerhood through age 6 years in an adoption design, highlighting the impact of these environmental factors from the toddler to preschool period. The findings support the potential benefit of early identification of marital hostility.
Mitogens as Probes for Studying Temperature Effects on the Development of Immunocompetent Cells in Poikilothermic Vertebrates

Vertebrate physiological processes take place over a limited temperature range. With the poikilothermic vertebrates (fishes, amphibians and reptiles), their internal body temperature is closely linked to the environmental temperature with little regulation possible. In general, within the thermal tolerance limits of the organism, low temperatures depress, delay or inhibit antibody synthesis and increase allograft survival times whereas high temperatures increase or accelerate antibody synthesis and decrease allograft survival times (1–4).
Characterization of Cardiac Glycoside Natural Products as Potent Inhibitors of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by a Whole-Cell Double Immunofluorescence Assay

Small-molecule inhibitors of DNA repair pathways are being intensively investigated as primary and adjuvant chemotherapies. We report the discovery that cardiac glycosides, natural products in clinical use for the treatment of heart failure and atrial arrhythmia, are potent inhibitors of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Our data suggest that cardiac glycosides interact with phosphorylated mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (phospho-MDC1) or E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase ring finger protein 8 (RNF8), two factors involved in DSB repair, and inhibit the retention of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) at the site of DSBs. These observations provide an explanation for the anticancer activity of this class of compounds, which has remained poorly understood for decades, and provide guidance for their clinical applications. This discovery was enabled by the development of the first high-throughput unbiased cellular assay to identify new small-molecule inhibitors of DSB repair. Our assay is based on the ful...
The Analysis of Market Efficiency

time periods. The cost standard, usually stated in terms of labor time, has been the primary focus of the major empirical studies of marketing activity on an economywide basis;1 and, so far as one can discover, costs are a principal element in designing and appraising marketing organization alternatives within the firm. Even Alderson, who was a principal critic of the cost approach
To be, or Not to be, a CCRC

Is it that time of the year again? With the arrival of orange leaves, cool mornings, and pumpkin spice lattes (and while you’re still daydreaming about your past summer vacation), it’s a great time to make a great decision. ![Figure][1] The fall window of opportunity for taking the
A new route for the synthesis of reduced transition metal oxides using borohydrides

Reduction of aqueous solutions of tungstates, molybdates or vanadates by aqueous alkali metal borohydrides at ambient-temperature results in a formation of dark colored gel. The gel is amorphous to X-ray diffraction and crystallizes sharply at around 300-500 °C to yield reduced transition metal oxides such as the oxide bronzes, NaxMyOz, or the binary oxides, MO2 (M = V, Mo or W). The nature and composition of the products formed are strongly influenced by the reaction conditions such as the reaction pH as well as the concentration and amount of the reagents. Experimental procedures to obtain the different phases are presented. This novel low-temperature approach has a potential to access new metastable phases.
Esophageal self-expandable stent material and mesh grid density are the major determining factors of external beam radiation dose perturbation: results from a phantom model.

Background: Self-expandable esophageal stents are increasingly used for palliation or as an adjunct to chemoradiation for esophageal neoplasia. The optimal esophageal stent design and material to minimize dose perturbation with external beam radiation are unknown. We sought to quantify the deviation from intended radiation dose as a function of stent material and mesh density design. Methods: A laboratory dosimetric film model was used to quantify perturbation of intended radiation dose among 16 different esophageal stents with varying material and stent mesh density design. Results: Radiation dose enhancement due to stent backscatter ranged from 0 % to 7.3 %, collectively representing a standard difference from the intended mean radiation dose of 1.9 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.5 – 2.2). This enhancement was negligible for polymer-based stents and approached 0 % for the biodegradable stents. In contrast, all metal alloy stents had significant radiation backscatter; this was largely determined by the density of mesh design and not by the type of alloy used. Conclusions: Stent characteristics should be considered when selecting the optimal stent for treatment and palliation of malignant esophageal strictures, especially when adjuvant or neo-adjuvant radiotherapy is planned.
Analysis on current status of voluntary counseling and testing for HIV/AIDS in areas covered by Global Fund AIDS China Program in Shandong

Objective To assess the current status of voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)in areas covered by Global Fund AIDS China Program from 2006 to 2012in Shandong,so as to provide scientific evidence for AIDS prevention and control. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among individuals who participated in VCT service from 8counties,which were selected as spots of Global Fund AIDS China Program from 2006 to 2012in Shandong province to collect socio-demographics as well as risk behavioral data.Blood samples were also collected for HIV antibody test.Chi-square test was used for data statistical analysis. Results A total 75 898 individuals received VCT service,and 44.06% of HIV infected cases were picked up through the service.Among all the individuals surveyed,43.12%reported of having unmarried high-risky sex with the antibody positive rate of 26.47%,while only 3.03%claimed of being MSM with the antibody positive rate of 15.69%.The overall anti-HIV positive rate was 0.27%,which varied significantly among different groups(χ2=82.68,P0.05). Conclusions The VCT service is able to cover high-risky population as those of MSM and plays an important role in detecting HIV infection in program areas.
Research on Strengthening Students' Mind Quality of Training in Military Sports

Based on analysis and role of mental quality,this paper discusses training content,puts forward suggestions to improve the psychological quality,and promotes the effect of military sports teaching and training to meet the needs of high-quality military personnel.
Influence Factors of Fitting on Grip Strength of Large Cross-section Conductor

Jinping-Sunan ±800 kV UHV DC line uses hydraulic splicing fitting and strain clamp,and the grip strength of fitting should be more than 95 % RTS.Because 900 mm2 large cross-sections ACSR was 4-layer aluminum stranded structure,especially the aluminum/steel ratio of JL/G3A-900/40 conductor was larger,this paper mainly studied the influence factors of fitting on the grip strength of large cross-section conductor.The result shows that there is a wire strength loss caused by crimping,which is the main influence factor,as well as aluminum /steel ratio.
Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963)

During the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights and Southern Christian Leadership Conference's Birmingham campaign (1963), police brutally attacked nonviolent demonstrators, including hundreds of schoolchildren. They used firemen with high-pressure water hoses and attack dogs, as media reported and televised race brutality to the nation and world. Among the protest leaders arrested, King was held in City Jail. A Post-Herald statement by eight white clergy criticized him for the civil disorders, which particularly put children at risk. King answered them. He began drafting a reply in the margins of the newspaper, continued on scraps of paper “supplied by a friendly Negro trusty,” and finished “on a pad my attorneys were eventually permitted to leave me.” Writing to his critics in the New Testament tradition of the Apostle Paul, King gave biblical and philosophical reasons for why he must “carry the gospel of freedom to all communities and states.” He defended the use of nonviolence and direct action, its timing, and its call to justice. King also deplored the moral fence-sitting of “the white moderate” and commended the “still too few” antiracist whites. Finally, he expressed hope “to meet each of you ... as a fellow clergyman and a Christian brother.”
Mobile microscopy and machine learning provide accurate and high-throughput monitoring of air quality

Lensfree computational microscopy and machine learning enable a field-portable and cost-effective platform for high-throughput and accurate quantification of particulate matter (PM). Spatio-temporal mapping using this device reveals increased PM concentrations >7km away from LAX airport.
Cost-effectiveness of Virtual Bone Strength Testing in Osteoporosis Screening Programs for Postmenopausal Women in the United States

Purpose To investigate whether assessment of bone strength with quantitative computed tomography (CT) in combination with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is cost-effective as a screening tool for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods A state-transition microsimulation model of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women aged 55 years or older was developed with a lifetime horizon and U.S. societal perspective. All model inputs were derived from published literature. Three strategies were compared: no screening, DXA with T score-dependent rescreening intervals, and a combination of DXA and quantitative CT with different intervals (3, 5, and 10 years) at different screening initiation ages (55-65 years). Oral bisphosphonate therapy was started if DXA hip T scores were less than or equal to -2.5, 10-year risk for hip fracture was greater than 3% (World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score, or FRAX), 10-year risk for major osteoporotic fracture was greater than 20% (FRAX), quantitative CT femur bone strength was less than 3000 N, or occurrence of first fracture (eg, hip, vertebral body, wrist). Outcome measures were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in 2015 U.S. dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained and number of fragility fractures. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results The most cost-effective strategy was combined DXA and quantitative CT screening starting at age 55 with quantitative CT screening every 5 years (ICER, $2000 per QALY). With this strategy, 12.8% of postmenopausal women sustained hip fractures in their remaining life (no screening, 18.7%; DXA screening, 15.8%). The corresponding percentages of vertebral fractures for DXA and quantitative CT with a 5-year interval, was 7.5%; no screening, 11.1%; DXA screening, 9%; for wrist fractures, 14%, 17.8%, and 16.4%, respectively; for other fractures, 22.6%, 30.8%, and 27.3%, respectively. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, DXA and quantitative CT at age 55 years with quantitative CT screening every 5 years was the best strategy in more than 90% of all 1000 simulations (for thresholds of $50 000 per QALY and $100 000 per QALY). Conclusion Combined assessment of bone strength and bone mineral density is a cost-effective strategy for osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women and has the potential to prevent a substantial number of fragility fractures. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Deconvoluting the effects of surface chemistry and nanoscale topography: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm nucleation on Si-based substrates.

Hypothesis: The nucleation of biofilms is known to be affected by both the chemistry and topography of the underlying substrate, particularly when topography includes nanoscale (<100 nm) features. However, determining the role of topography vs. chemistry is complicated by concomitant variation in both as a result of typical surface modification techniques. Analyzing the behavior of biofilm-forming bacteria exposed to surfaces with systematic, independent variation of both topography and surface chemistry should allow differentiation of the two effects. Experiments: Silicon surfaces with reproducible nanotopography were created by anisotropic etching in deoxygenated water. Surface chemistry was varied independently to create hydrophilic (OH-terminated) and hydrophobic (alkyl-terminated) surfaces. The attachment and proliferation of Psuedomonas aeruginosa to these surfaces was characterized over a period of 12 h using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Findings: The number of attached bacteria as well as the structural characteristics of the nucleating biofilm were influenced by both surface nanotopography and surface chemistry. In general terms, the presence of both nanoscale features and hydrophobic surface chemistry enhance bacterial attachment and colonization. However, the structural details of the resulting biofilms suggest that surface chemistry and topography interact differently on each of the four surface types we studied.
History of Surgical Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Discs

A review of the history of the surgical treatment of herniated lumbar discs would not be complete without paying tribute to the numerous scientists, researchers and clinicians who have contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiology and anatomical structures of the intervertebral disc, the clinical manifestation of root compression due to abnormally protruded disc and its myelographic, CT and MRI diagnosis.
Cerebral Ischemia Correlates Better with Cognitive Impairments in Mild to Moderate Multi-Infarct Dementia than Infarcted Brain Volume

Hachinski et al. suggested the term “multi-infarct dementia” (MID) for demented patients whose cognitive impairments resulted from multiple bilateral ischemic strokes based on clinical and neuropathological studies [5]. This terminology has now become standard for patients with vascular damentia due to ischemic strokes [4]. Among patients with MID, evidence has been adduced that control of risk factors and platelet anti-aggregant therapy prevents recurrent strokes and stabilizes or enhances recovery from MID [12,13,15]. At the present time, accepted methods for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease are not available. Hence, quantitative assessments of cerebral ischemia and infarction among patients with dementia is an important consideration.
Fast and Sensitive Colloidal Quantum Dot Mid-Wave Infrared Photodetectors.

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with a band gap tunable in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region provide a cheap alternative to epitaxial commercial photodetectors such as HgCdTe (MCT) and InSb. Photoconductive HgTe CQD devices have demonstrated the potential of CQDs for MWIR photodetection but face limitations in speed and sensitivity. Recently, a proof-of-concept HgTe photovoltaic (PV) detector was realized, achieving background-limited infrared photodetection at cryogenic temperatures. Using a modified PV device architecture, we report up to 2 orders of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity of the HgTe CQD photodetectors. A solid-state cation exchange method was introduced during device fabrication to chemically modify the interface potential, leading to an order of magnitude improvement of external quantum efficiency at room temperature. At 230 K, the HgTe CQD photodetectors reported here achieve a sensitivity of 109 Jones with a cutoff wavelength between 4 and 5 μm, which is comparable to that of comm...
Using recursive feature elimination in random forest to account for correlated variables in high dimensional data.

Random forest (RF) is a machine-learning method that generally works well with high-dimensional problems and allows for nonlinear relationships between predictors; however, the presence of correlated predictors has been shown to impact its ability to identify strong predictors. The Random Forest-Recursive Feature Elimination algorithm (RF-RFE) mitigates this problem in smaller data sets, but this approach has not been tested in high-dimensional omics data sets. We integrated 202,919 genotypes and 153,422 methylation sites in 680 individuals, and compared the abilities of RF and RF-RFE to detect simulated causal associations, which included simulated genotype–methylation interactions, between these variables and triglyceride levels. Results show that RF was able to identify strong causal variables with a few highly correlated variables, but it did not detect other causal variables. Although RF-RFE decreased the importance of correlated variables, in the presence of many correlated variables, it also decreased the importance of causal variables, making both hard to detect. These findings suggest that RF-RFE may not scale to high-dimensional data.
Using PV and Thermal Energy Storage to Decrease Carbon Dioxide Emissions

By utilizing their existing thermal energy storage (TES) system, Arizona State University (ASU) can significantly increase the amount of solar PV they are using. With a change in the TES management scheme, significant increases in PV are enabled, which leads to drastic decreases in carbon dioxide emissions, helping them to meet their goal of becoming a zero-carbon emission institution.
Quantified Validation with Uncertainty Analysis for Turbulent Single-Phase Friction Models

AbstractThis paper introduces a framework for model selection that includes parameter estimation, uncertainty propagation, and quantified validation. The framework is applied to single-phase turbul...
Linear morphea: Clinical characteristics, disease course, and treatment of the Morphea in Adults and Children cohort

Background Prospective, longitudinal studies examining the features of linear morphea are limited. Objective To utilize the Morphea in Adults and Children cohort to determine clinical characteristics, impact on life quality, and disease course of linear morphea in a prospective, longitudinal manner. Methods Characteristics of linear morphea versus other subtypes were compared in a cross-sectional manner. Next, linear morphea participants were examined in depth over a 3-year period. Results Linear morphea was the most common morphea subtype (50.1%, 291/581) in the cohort. Deep involvement was more common in linear (64.3%, 187/291) than other morphea subtypes. Linear morphea participants with deep involvement were more likely to have a limitation in range of motion (28.6%, 55/192) than those without (11.1%, 11/99, P Limitations Results of the study are associative, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is a tertiary referral center. Conclusion A substantial number of linear morphea patients have adult-onset disease. In all age groups, linear morphea with deep involvement was associated with functional limitations.
Emotion regulation strategy use and eating disorder symptoms in daily life

Abstract Objective Emotion regulation is posited to be disrupted in eating disorders, but studies have yet to examine the linkage between eating disorder symptoms and emotion regulation strategy use in daily life. We conducted an experience sampling study investigating associations between trait-level difficulties with emotion regulation, daily emotion regulation strategy use, and eating disorder symptoms in daily life. Method Fifty-three undergraduate women completed a trait-level measure of difficulties with emotion regulation, then reported their use of emotion regulation strategies four times per day for seven days. At the end of each day, they also reported daily disordered eating symptoms and behaviors. Results Reduced access to emotion regulation strategies at the trait-level was associated with dimensional eating disorder symptoms and food restriction across the study period. In addition, greater use of maladaptive strategies and attentional deployment and less use of adaptive strategies on a given day were associated with a higher likelihood of food restriction on that day. Moderation analyses based on baseline eating disorder symptoms indicated that associations were consistent across symptom severity. Conclusions These findings suggest that certain eating disorder symptoms are associated with difficulties in regulating emotions at the trait-level and in daily life.
African Catholic: Decolonization and the Transformation of the Church: by Elizabeth A. Foster, Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press, 2019, 369 pp., US$45.00, £32.95 (hb), ISBN 978–0–-674–98766–1

The historiography of Christian missions in Francophone, Lusophone, and Anglophone countries in Africa differs in thematic content between the different denominations and Mission Societies. However...
Impact of Narrow Lanes on Arterial Road Vehicle Crashes: A Machine Learning Approach.

In this paper we adopted state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, namely: random forest (RF) and least squares boosting, to model crash data and identify the optimum model to study the impact of narrow lanes on the safety of arterial roads. Using a ten-year crash dataset in four cities in Nebraska, two machine learning models were assessed based on the prediction error. The RF model was identified as the best model. The RF was used to compute the importance of the lane width predictors in our regression model based on two different measures. Subsequently, the RF model was used to simulate the crash rate for different lane widths. The Kruskal-Wallis test, was then conducted to determine if simulated values from the four lane width groups have equal means. The test null hypothesis of equal means for simulated values from the four lane width groups was rejected. Consequently, it was concluded that the crash rates from at least one lane width group was statistically different from the others. Finally, the results from the pairwise comparisons using the Tukey and Kramer test showed that the changes in crash rates between any two lane width conditions were statistically significant.
Seizures induce obstructive apnea in DBA/2J audiogenic seizure-prone mice: Lifesaving impact of tracheal implants.

The mechanism(s) for sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remain(s) unknown, but seizure spread to brainstem areas serving autonomic and respiratory function is critical. In a rat model, we established a mechanism for SUDEP that involves seizure-induced laryngospasm and obstructive apnea lasting until respiratory arrest. We hypothesized that DBA/2J mice, which display lethal audiogenic seizures, would be protected from death by implanting a tracheal T-tube as a surrogate airway. In a 2 × 2 design, mice were implanted with either open or closed tracheal T-tubes and treated with either low-dose ketamine/xylazine to moderate thoracic spasm during the tonic seizure phase or no drug. Animals receiving both treatments had the highest survival rate, followed by animals receiving the open tube without ketamine/xylazine. The odds ratio for survival was >20 higher with an open T-tube (odds ratio = 24.14). The impact of open tracheal tubes indicates that the mechanism of death in DBA/2J mice involves seizure-induced upper airway obstruction until respiratory arrest. These results, our rat work, and our demonstration of inspiratory effort-based electromyographic signals and electrocardiographic abnormalities in rats and humans suggest that seizure-induced laryngospasm and obstructive apnea directly link seizure activity to respiratory arrest in these sudden death examples.
Correction to: Utilizing the Public GenomeTrakr Database for Foodborne Pathogen Traceback

The chapter "Utilizing the Public GenomeTrakr Database for Foodborne Pathogen Traceback" is changed to open access, per the author's request in this revised version of the book.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events Among Incident Cases of Systemic Sclerosis: Results From a Population-Based Cohort (1980-2016).

Abstract Objective To characterize cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and outcomes among incident cases of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in a population-based cohort. Methods Medical records of patients with SSc diagnosed in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2016, were reviewed to identify 78 incident SSc cases. The comparators were 156 sex- and age-matched individuals from the same population. Data for SSc characteristics, traditional CV risk factors, and CV events were collected. Cumulative incidence was adjusted for the competing risk for death. Results During a median follow-up of 9.8 (SSc) and 9.2 years (non-SSc), 21 patients with SSc and 17 patients without SSc developed CV events, corresponding to 10-year cumulative incidence of 24.4% and 15.2%, respectively. The risk for incident CV disease was increased by 2-fold (hazard ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.28-4.43) in patients with SSc vs comparators, predominately due to coronary artery disease (hazard ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.17-4.71). Mean body mass index and prevalence of diabetes mellitus were lower in SSc vs non-SSc. There was no significant difference in smoking, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Observed CV events were increased compared with CV events predicted by the Framingham Risk Score and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association score with standardized incident ratios of 4.16 (95% CI, 2.16-7.99) and 5.69 (95% CI, 2.71-11.94), respectively. Conclusion Patients with SSc are at >2-fold increased risk for experiencing a CV event compared with persons without SSc. Framingham Risk Score and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association score dramatically underestimate CV risk in SSc.
Utilization of pulsed UV light for inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis on shelled walnuts

Abstract Due to their nutritional value, walnut consumption has been increasing worldwide, however outbreaks caused by walnuts are still of concern. Current chemical methods in walnut industry to prevent pathogenic microorganisms are not preferred by the consumer while thermal treatments may cause undesired flavor. UV light is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths of 100–400 nm. UV light in the 100–280 nm range has germicidal capabilities. Walnut halves and pieces were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis and treated in a pulsed UV light system chamber at three different distances for varying treatment times. Maximum log reduction of 3.18 CFU/g was obtained after pulsed UV treatment at 8 cm for 45 s. Measurement of energy levels revealed an increase in energy and temperature with longer treatment time and shorter distance from the strobe to the sample. Furthermore, quality parameters were assessed to determine the influence of pulsed UV light treatment on the quality of walnuts. The quality results showed no significant differences between control and pulsed UV treated samples. Overall, this study demonstrated that pulsed UV light technology is a promising method to decontaminate walnuts without using any chemicals, which will open doors for the food industry.
Research on 5G in Electric Power System

The collection, bearing, analysis and application of the basic electric power data from the ubiquitous Internet of things have put forward new and higher requirements for the data collection, bearing, analysis and application, and higher requirements for communication technologies and methods is raised. In view of this situation, the integration and development means of 5G technology and power system business are put forward, and the application of typical business scenarios in various power systems under 5G technology is analyzed. A typical accurate load control service is selected for testing, and the test results show that the delay is improved. The application analysis of 5G in electric power system supports the Internet of things application, provides the technical support, and lays a solid foundation for the popularization and application of 5G technology.
Measures of Juvenile Fibromyalgia.

Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic and debilitating noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain syndrome that is typically diagnosed in adolescence. There are no specific medical tests or disease markers to diagnose the condition, and classification is based on patient report of pain and other associated symptoms after ruling out other underlying medical causes. JFM can be disabling in multiple life domains and therefore, a multidimensional assessment of JFM is recommended to gain a full picture of the extent of JFM symptoms along with their impact on physical and emotional functioning and quality of life. The following updated review outlines evidence-based measures useful in the assessment of school-age children and adolescents with JFM. New measures include 1) the Pain and Symptom Assessment Tool (PSAT) that offers a standardized tool for the classification of fibromyalgia in pediatric patients and 2) the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Pediatric Pain Interference, Anxiety, and Depression Scales. Updated information is presented on previously established measures that assess the impact of JFM on functioning and quality of life - the Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.0 Rheumatology Module Pain and Hurt Scale, are also discussed. In general, there are increasing options for validated patient-reported outcome measures available to measure the spectrum of symptoms in JFM and assess impact on daily life. Greater consistency in identification of JFM and use of standardized assessment tools will undoubtedly lead to higher quality research much needed in this relatively understudied musculoskeletal pain condition.
Localized and Systemic Inflammatory Mediators in a Murine Acute Mastitis Model.

Introduction Milk depression is the major driver of economic loss due to mastitis in dairy animals. The aim of this study was to identify potential mediators of milk depression by investigating the local and systemic changes in gene expression or cytokine production during endotoxin challenge of the mammary gland in a mouse model. Methods The left and right sides of the 4th pair of mouse mammary glands were alternatively injected with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 055: B5, 50 μL of 0.4 mg/mL) or sterile PBS through the teat meatus 3 days postpartum (n = 9). The 4th glands were individually collected 12 h after LPS injection and analyzed to identify gene expression changes by RNA sequencing and real-time PCR, and the plasma was collected before and after LPS challenge and analyzed to determine the levels of 32 cytokines. Results Transcriptome analysis showed that in addition to strong pro-inflammatory responses, which included granulocyte and monocyte migration and cytokine production and signaling, the LPS-treated glands exhibited strong ubiquitin-mediated and immune-mediated proteasome activation and an increase in nitric oxide-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, LPS induced a down-regulation in vesicle membrane, vesicle-mediated trafficking, and metabolic processes of amino acids and other organic molecules in the mammary gland. Of the 32 cytokines analyzed, the levels of 24 (mainly IL-6, G-CSF, MCP-1, RANTES, MIG, MIP-1b, KC, MIP-2, IP-10, and TNFα) were increased or tended to increase in the blood after LPS treatment, and only the levels of IL-9 were decreased. In the mammary gland after LPS challenge, the levels of IL-5, IL-6, IP-10, LIF, MCP-1, MIP-2, and TNFα were significantly increased, and the levels of INFΥ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 (p40) were decreased. Discussion These observations provide potential markers and targets for further studies on the prevention and treatment of gram-negative bacteria-induced mastitis.
High-Fat Diet Alters Serum Fatty Acid Profiles in Obesity Prone Rats: Implications for In Vitro Studies

High-fat diets (HFD) are commonly used in rodents to induce obesity, increase serum fatty acids and induce lipotoxicity in various organs. In vitro studies commonly utilize individual free fatty acids (FFA) to study lipid exposure in an effort to model what is occurring in vivo; however, these approaches are not physiological as tissues are exposed to multiple fatty acids in vivo. Here we characterize circulating lipids in obesity-prone rats fed an HFD in both fasted and fed states with the goal of developing physiologically relevant fatty acid mixtures for subsequent in vitro studies. Rats were fed an HFD (60% kcal fat) or a control diet (10% kcal fat) for 3 weeks; liver tissue and both portal and systemic blood were collected. Fatty acid profiles and absolute concentrations of triglycerides (TAG) and FFA in the serum and TAG, diacylglycerol (DAG) and phospholipids in the liver were measured. Surprisingly, both systemic and portal serum TAG were ~40% lower in HFD-fed compared to controls. Overall, compared to the control diet, HFD feeding consistently induced an increase in the proportion of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a concomitant decline in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both serum TAG and FFA. The elevations of PUFA were mostly attributed to increases in n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. In conclusion, fatty acid mixtures enriched with linoleic and arachidonic acid in addition to SFA and MUFA should be utilized for in vitro studies attempting to model lipid exposures that occur during in vivo HFD conditions.
Mental health, permanent housing, and peer support through community living in the Fairweather Lodge: implementation through collaboration

– The purpose of this paper is to explain the history of the Fairweather Lodge Program, its utility, the development of one program in a small Midwestern city, the role of psychology, and the importance of disseminating information about the program to combat homelessness. , – This paper takes a short case study approach to describing the evolution of a peer support-based housing program for individuals with serious mental illness and a history of homelessness. , – The Fairweather Lodge facilitates peer support, community engagement, stable housing, and work engagement in those struggling with mental illness and homelessness. , – The Fairweather Lodge Program is a program intended to support the mental health and employment needs of individuals with severe mental illness who are at increased risk of homelessness. Housing alone often does not address the complex needs of chronically homeless individuals.
Adaptive Control Techniques for a Class of Large-Scale Systems

The adaptive control of a class of large-scale systems formed of an arbitrary interconnection of subsystems with unknown parameters and bounded disturbances is investigated. New decentralized adaptive controllers are introduced which guarantee boundedness and convergence of the tracking errors to a bounded residual set when disturbances and interconnections are present. In the absence of disturbances, nonlinearities and interconnections the local tracking errors are guaranteed to converge to zero. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes are demonstrated using a simple example.
Transcription factor human Skn‐1a enhances replication of human papillomavirus DNA through the direct binding to two sites near the viral replication origin

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA replication, which requires two viral proteins E1 and E2, occurs only in the differentiating epithelium. Besides the general factors necessary for cellular DNA synthesis, other unidentified cellular factors are assumed to be involved in the regulation of HPV DNA replication. In the present study, we found that the POU-domain transcription factor human Skn-1a, which induces the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and activates the HPV16 late promoter, enhanced the transient replication of a plasmid containing the HPV16 replication origin in HEK293 cells when co-transfected with a plasmid expressing E1 and E2. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay with a bacterially expressed human Skn-1a or an extract of HeLa cells over-expressing human Skn-1a revealed the presence of two human Skn-1a binding sites that are distinct from the known three sites, near the replication origin. A chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that human Skn-1a bound to these sites in cells. Nucleotide substitutions in the sites abolished the binding of human Skn-1a and the human Skn-1a-mediated replication enhancement. The data strongly suggest that, through the binding to the two sites, human Skn-1a enhances HPV DNA replication.
Rupture of graafian follicles

Abstract The phenomenon of rupture of the graafian follicles is discussed, and the theories of its mechanism are mentioned. A method of testing the hygroscopic content of follicle fluid, based on vapor tension, is described.
Fiber-optic sensors for aerospace electrical measurements: An update

Fiber-optic sensors are being developed for electrical current, voltage, and power measurements in aerospace applications. These sensors are presently designed to cover ac frequencies from 60 Hz to 20 kHz. The current sensor, based on the Faraday effect in optical fiber, is in advanced development after some initial testing. Concentration is on packaging methods and ways to maintain consistent sensitivity with changes in temperature. The voltage sensor, utilizing the Pockels effect in a crystal, has excelled in temperature tests. This paper reports on the development of these sensors, the results of evaluation, improvements now in progress, and the future direction of the work.
HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence in the united states among asymptomatic women unaware of any herpes simplex virus infection (Herpevac Trial for Women).

Objectives Recent evidence suggests that the epidemiology of herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) is changing because fewer HSV-1 infections are acquired in childhood and increased sexual transmission of HSV-1 is reported. The objective of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of type-specific antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the United States. Methods We used the Western blot antibody screening data from a large phase III vaccine efficacy trial (Herpevac Trial for Women) to assess the seroprevalence of type-specific antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the United States. Results The antibody status of 29,022 women (>31,000 women interviewed and then had their blood drawn for the HSV testing [29,022 women]) between the ages of 18 and 30 years in the United States revealed that increasing age was associated with increasing seroprevalence to HSV. Overall, in asymptomatic women unaware of any HSV infection, HSV-1/-2 status was positive/negative in 45%, negative/positive in 5%, positive/positive in 7%, negative/negative in 38%, and indeterminate in 5%. HSV-1 infections were more common in Hispanic and non-Hispanic black women and in the US northeast and in individuals living in urban areas. HSV-2 was more common in non-Hispanic black women, the US south, and in urban areas. Conclusions Seronegative status for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 was the second most common finding after positive antibody to HSV-1 but negative antibody to HSV-2. Despite recent changes in genital herpes epidemiology, most women acquired HSV-1 but not HSV-2 infections before 18 years of age. Among participants screened for study participation and who were unaware of any HSV infection, progressively higher prevalence of the HSV-1 or HSV-2 antibody was observed in older subjects. Many women who test positive for HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 are unaware of their status.
Operation of an academic open access mass spectrometry facility with particular reference to the analysis of synthetic compounds.

Open access mass spectrometry now provides the opportunity to move this spectroscopic method to the beginning of the analytical chain, a place formerly the exclusive province of NMR and TLC. To date this transition has been occurring in industrial settings but there has been less change in the academic environment. This paper provides one blueprint for setting up such a facility, primarily in support of organic synthesis but also for the use of biological scientists. The open access format used at UCI utilizes four instruments: an ESI-TOFMS system used in the flow injection mode, two GC/MS systems (one in EI and one in CI) and a MALDI-TOFMS system. The first three instruments have autosamplers and open access software whereas the MALDI system has a fully automated plate handling interface. This level of automation allows access to the instruments by a user community of more than 100 users, day or night. The decisions made in setting up these instruments were based on a ‘keep it simple’ philosophy, given the fact that the primary type of data of interest is the molecular mass of the analyte and that data are required for a very wide range of structures. Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.