cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES IN JUVENILE RHEUMA TOID ARTHRITIS • 1838

Cell surface adhesion molecules mediate important cellular interactions in acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Soluble forms of a number of adhesion molecules are generated either by proteolytic cleavage or alternate mRNA splicing. The function of soluble adhesion molecules is unknown, but they may play a regulatory role in inflammatory processes. Studies of these molecules in adult autoimmune diseases have furthered our understanding of these conditions, but such studies have been lacking in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). We therefore studied serum levels of soluble forms (s) of ICAM-1, E-selectin, L-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-3 by sandwich ELISA in 16 children with JRA (6 systemic, 6 polyarticular, 4 pauciarticular). We analyzed differences in levels of these molecules among JRA subtypes by ANOVA, and also correlated these levels with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), and total platelet (PLT) counts, joint count, and duration of morning stiffness by linear regression analysis.RESULTS: sE-selectin levels were significantly higher in patients with systemic disease as compared to other subtypes (p<.04). Furthermore, there was a trend toward higher levels of sICAM-1 in systemic disease, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Significant correlations were found between sE-selectin and ESR(r=.68,p<.006), WBC (r=.70,p<.003), and PLT (r=.54,p<.05), and between sL-selectin and WBC (r=.55,p<.03). We conclude that levels of sE-selectin, and possibly sICAM-1 are relatively elevated in systemic JRA, and may indicate cytokine induction and endothelial cell activation in that subtype. Several molecules, especially sE-selectin, correlated with hematologic parameters inJRA. This suggests that serum levels of these molecules may provide a useful additional marker for disease activity in certain patients.Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals
Maturation of renal potassium transport

The studies outlined in this review suggest that the immaturity of distal nephron segments may hinder urinary excretion of potassium early in life. Among the factors that may limit potassium secretion by principal cells in the neonatal cortical collecting duct are an unfavorable electrochemical gradient (reduced Ki, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and/or Vte), limited membrane permeability to potassium and sodium, low tubular fluid flow rate, reduced luminal sodium concentration, or increased paracellular backleak. Alternatively, enhanced potassium absorption by other relatively well-differentiated distal nephron segments may contribute in part to a reduced net potassium excretory rate in the newborn. It should be kept in mind, however, that the limited potassium secretory capacity of the immature kidney becomes clinically relevant only under conditions of potassium excess. Under normal circumstances, the tendency of the newborn to retain potassium is an appropriate and necessary condition for growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interspecific hybridization and gene flow of ALS resistance in Amaranthus species

Abstract Several inbred lines of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide-resistant (ALS-R) Palmer amaranth and ALS-susceptible (ALS-S) common waterhemp were developed in the greenhouse. Interspecific hybrids were obtained by allowing several ALS-S common waterhemp females to be pollinated only by ALS-R Palmer amaranth in a growth chamber. Putative hybrid progeny were treated with an ALS-inhibiting herbicide, and the hybrid nature verified using a polymorphism found in the parental ALS gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a region of the ALS gene in both parental plants and putative hybrids. Restriction enzyme digestion of the ALS-R Palmer amaranth PCR fragment resulted in two smaller fragments, whereas the PCR fragment in the ALS-S common waterhemp was not cut. Restriction digestion of the putative hybrid PCR fragment showed a combination of ALS-R Palmer amaranth double fragments and an ALS-S common waterhemp single fragment. Approximately 4 million flowers were present on 11...
‘Gel’ formation in carbon dioxide-semifluorinated alkane mixtures and phase equilibria of a carbon dioxide-perfluorinated alkane mixture

Abstract A ‘gel’ has been observed in mixtures of dense carbon dioxide and semifluorinated alkanes. This gelation occurred when a liquid-vapor binary solution was isothermally expanded at ambient temperature until three-phase S-L-V equilibria was established. The solid phase formed microfibers which become interlocked in disarray with liquid CO 2 in the cavities. The ‘gel’ was actually the combined solid and liquid phases. This reversible ‘gel’ was observed in the CO 2 /F 12 H 8 , CO 2 /F 12 H 16 , and CO 2 /F 10 H 10 systems, but not in the CO 2 /F 12 H 2 O binary system due to the low solubility of this compound in liquid CO 2 . Phase equilibria results of the carbon dioxide-perfluorohexane system were also reported. These pressure-composition diagrams were compared to those of the carbon dioxide-hexane binary at two temperatures in order to illustrate that the fluorination of an alkane enhances its miscibility with carbon dioxide.
Non-intrusive electric field sensing

This paper presents an overview of non-intrusive electric field sensing. The non-intrusive nature is attained by creating a sensor that is entirely dielectric, has a small cross-sectional area, and has the interrogation electronics a long distance away from the system under test. One non-intrusive electric field sensing technology is the slab coupled optical fiber sensor (SCOS). The SCOS consists of an electro-optic crystal attached to the surface of a D-shaped optical fiber. It is entirely dielectric and has a cross-sectional area down to 0.3mm by 0.3mm. The SCOS device functions as an electric field sensor through use of resonant mode coupling between the crystal waveguide and the core of a D-shaped optical fiber. The resonant mode coupling of a SCOS device occurs at specific wavelengths whose spectral locations are determined in part by the effective refractive index of the modes in the slab. An electric field changes the refractive index of the slab causing a shift in the spectral position of the resonant modes. This paper describes an overview of the SCOS technology including the theory, fabrication, and operation. The effect of crystal orientation and crystal type are explained with respect to directional sensitivity and frequency response.
The mechanical behavior of zinc during machining

It is well known that a nonzero force is obtained when cutting forces measured at different feed rates but otherwise constant cutting conditions are extrapolated to zero feed rate. In the literature, this nonzero intercept has been attributed to a ploughing effect associated with the finite sharpness of the cutting tool. However, the standard extrapolation method does not account for other variables such as strain, strain rate and temperature which also vary with feed rate and influence the work material flow stress. In this paper, the apparent flow stresses measured in high and low speed machining tests on zinc are compared with the flow stresses measured in compression tests. The results show that the flow stress measured in cutting is consistent with that measured in compression when all deformation variables are properly accounted for and that, contrary to the results obtained using the extrapolation approach, the ploughing force is negligible.
The structure of surface rhenium oxide on alumina from laser raman spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy

Abstract The interaction of rhenium oxide with an alumina support is examined over a wide range of conditions (rhenium oxide loading, calcination temperature and environment) using laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). These structural probes reveal that supported rhenium oxide on alumina is present as an atomically dispersed surface [ReO4]ads species coordinated to the alumina support. The [ReO4]ads species possesses C3v symmetry which is consistent with the presence of three equivalent terminal Re-O bonds and one inequivalent Re-O bond as part of the Re-O-Al linkage to the alumina support. The [ReO4]ads species are solvated by water molecules at ambient conditions, and the solvating water molecules readily desorb on heating in dry environments. The surface coverage of the [ReO4]ads species declines with increasing calcination temperature, because the surface rhenium oxide species can apparently recombine in dry environments and elevated temperatures to yield gaseous dimeric Re2O7. Additional studies are required to determine if a [ReO4]ads surface species can be isolated on the alumina support in dry environments and at high rhenium oxide surface coverages. The supported rhenium oxide on alumina system is dynamic, and the state of rhenium oxide depends on temperature, moisture/water content and rhenium oxide loading.
Influence of upstream flow characteristics on filter efficiency

Abstract This study investigated the effect of upstream flow conditions on the efficiency of a reversible, two-layer filter composed of one layer of coarse and one layer of fine fibres. Efficiency was higher when the leading layer of the filter contained fine fibres, but the drop was the same regardless of which fibres led. Efficiency was higher and the fractional efficiency curve was shallower when the upstream velocity profile was non-uniform and very turbulent. Three phenomena were identified that account for these observations: (1) non-uniformity of the upstream velocity profile, (2) mean velocities tangential to the filter's surface and (3) fluctuating components of velocity, inherent to a turbulent airflow. Air entering a filter becomes generallly perpendicular to the filter face as fibres dissipate non-uniform and tangential velocity components; this disipation is greatest in the leading layer of the filter. Fine fibres have a higher efficiency that coarse fibres, so efficiency was higher when the region of greatest dissipation contained fine fibres. Innovative housing designs, based on these observations, could be made to promote upstream airflow conditions that maximize filter performance.
An ultrastructural comparison of Euglena gracilis Klebs, bleached Euglena and Astasia longa Pringsheim.

SYNOPSIS. Some of the cytologic features of Euglena gracilis Klebs, Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris Gross (colorless), and Astasia longa Pringsheim were compared in an electron-microscope study. E. gracilis was readily differentiated from the colorless forms by the presence of chloroplasts. The 2 colorless forms were structurally similar; however, it was possible to differentiate bleached Euglena from Astasia longa by the presence of irregular plate-like aggregates of paramylum in the former; similar forms of paramylum were not seen in chloroplast-containing E. gracilis or in A. longa.
Supporting Patient Education and Safety Using an Online Patient Education Handout Database

The New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center Patient Education Handout Database, used largely by clinicians to connect patients with timely Joint Commission-compliant patient education materials, was converted from a paper-based to an online database-generated system. This change required the participation of a multidisciplinary team made up of hospital and library staff to select, construct, and maintain the database, craft an end-user web interface, and create and sustain metadata that allows for faceted searching. Greener and more nimble, the system enhances patient safety by allowing for instantaneous updates of outdated material, immediate inclusion of new hospital-vetted information, and on-demand printouts in multiple languages.
Leukocytosis and increased risk of atrial fibrillation after general thoracic surgery.

Background In older patients who are known to be at greater risk for atrial fibrillation, we aimed to determine whether patients who develop atrial fibrillation-flutter (AF) after major thoracic surgery have an exaggerated white blood cell (WBC) count in response to surgical stress compared with those who do not develop AF. Methods Using a prospective database, 272 patients 60 years or older who were in sinus rhythm before surgery and had elective lobectomy, pneumonectomy, or esophagectomy were studied. Patients did not receive perioperative medications to prevent AF. Clinical characteristics and preoperative 12-lead electrocardiogram were examined and WBC counts were recorded for patients prior to and for up to five days after surgery. Results Atrial fibrillation-flutter was observed in 74 of 272 (27%) patients a median of 3 days after surgery. The increase in WBC count from preoperative to postoperative day 1 and age were jointly significant predictors of AF by multiple logistic regression (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.69). Using this model, a twofold increase in WBC from presurgery to postoperative day 1 corresponded to a 3.3-fold increase in the odds of developing AF (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 8.3) and for each 10 year increase in age, a 1.8-fold increase in risk of AF (95% CI 1.1 to 2.8) was seen. Conclusions Increments in WBC were greater in patients with AF and coincided with the peak onset of AF. These prospective data support an important role for stress-mediated autonomic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AF after major thoracic surgery. We aim to examine further whether WBC elevations on postoperative day one can help further risk stratify patients younger than 60 years or those with the highest risk who could benefit from one or more AF prevention strategies.
The Use of Constant Current Diodes in Preventing Electrical Shock from Hospital Equipment

The use of constant current diodes in medical electronic equipment is discussed. Advantages of using the diodes instead of fuses include 1) instantaneous limiting of patient current to a safe value, and 2) the nonself-destructive operation of the diodes.
TAXONOMY OF QUATERNARY DEEP-SEA OSTRACODS FROM THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

Late Quaternary sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1055B, Carolina Slope, western North Atlantic (32� 47.041¢ N, 76� 17.179¢ W; 1798 m water depth) were examined for deep-sea ostracod taxonomy. A total of 13 933 specimens were picked from 207 samples and c. 120 species were identified. Among them, 87 species were included and illustrated in this paper. Twenty-eight new species are described. The new species are: Ambocythere sturgio, Argilloecia abba, Argilloecia caju, Argilloecia keigwini, Argilloecia robinwhatleyi, Aversovalva carolinensis, Bytho- ceratina willemvandenboldi, Bythocythere eugeneschornikovi, Chejudocythere tenuis, Cytheropteron aielloi, Cytheropteron demenocali, Cytheropteron didieae, Cytheropteron richardding- lei, Cytheropteron fugu, Cytheropteron guerneti, Cytheropteron richardbensoni, Eucytherura hazeli, Eucytherura mayressi, Eucytherura namericana, Eucytherura spinicorona, Posacythere hunti, Paracytherois bondi, Pedicythere atroposopetasi, Pedicy- there kennettopetasi, Pedicythere klothopetasi, Pedicythere lachesisopetasi, Ruggieriella mcmanusi and Xestoleberis oppoae. Taxonomic revisions of several common species were made to reduce taxonomic uncertainty in the literature. This study provides a robust taxonomic baseline for application to palaeoceanographical reconstruction and biodiversity analyses in the deep and intermediate-depth environments of the North Atlantic Ocean.
Healthy lifestyle factors associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk

AbstractMinimal data are available regarding the cumulative effects of healthy lifestyle behaviours on cardiometabolic risk. The objective of thepresent study was to examine a combination of healthy lifestyle behaviours associated with cardiometabolic risk reduction. The analysiswas based on a cross-sectional study of 1454 participants from the population-based Lipid Research Clinic’s Princeton Follow-up Study.The healthy lifestyle factors included fruit and vegetable intake $ 5servings/d, meat intake # 2servings/d, never smoking, consuming2–6 alcoholic drinks/week, television (TV) viewing time # 2h/d and moderate to vigorous physical activity $ 4h/week. The combinationof healthy lifestyle behaviours was strongly and negatively associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk, as well as with a compo-site cardiometabolic risk score after adjustment for race, age, generation and sex. With each additional healthy lifestyle factor, cardiometa-bolic risk decreased by 31% (OR 0·69; 95% CI 0·61, 0·78). A higher healthy lifestyle score was associated with a lower prevalence ofcardiometabolic risk (P for trend,0·001). Compared with individuals having 0–1 healthy lifestyle behaviours, those with 5 or 6 healthylifestyle behaviours had a 70% lower prevalence of cardiometabolic risk (OR 0·30; 95% CI 0·13, 0·67). Healthy lifestyle behaviours includ-ing sufﬁcient fruit and vegetable intake, less meat intake, less TV viewing time, abstinence from smoking, modest alcohol intake andregular exercise are associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk.Key words: Lifestyle: Cardiometabolic risk: Cross-sectional studies
THE STATE OF ENGINEERING DESIGN GRAPHICS IN THE UNITED STATES

The last 30 years has seen some drastic changes in the field of engineering design graphics. In the United States, university programs have gone from courses focused on traditional drafting topics using only instrument drawing techniques to curricula designed around product lifecycle management and constraint-based solid modeling. This paper examines the current state of engineering design graphics in the United States by looking at middle school, high school, community college, and university program offerings and examples of student work.
Queer Poe: The Tell‐Tale Heart of His Fiction

“When I wish to find out how wise, or how stupid, or how good, or how wicked is any one, or what are his thoughts at the moment,” C. Auguste Dupin explains in “The Purloined Letter” (1845), “I fashion the expression of my face, as accurately as possible, in accordance with the expression of his, and then wait to see what thoughts or sentiments arise in my mind or heart, as if to match or correspond with the expression” (Works, 3:984–85).1 This example of mimicry—of a man making himself “correspond” intellectually and emotionally with another man—can offer an interesting point of entry for studying connections between male relationships and the play of desire in Poe’s fiction. The possibility of a physical identification so potent that a telepathic communication of thoughts and feelings occurs between two men invites interpretation from a gay or queer perspective. Poe’s fiction includes a remarkable number of such identificatory moments, raising questions about the range of thoughts or sentiments that can arise in a man’s mind or heart under such intense conditions. To what extent can those thoughts and sentiments be understood according to homoerotic structures of desire and response? Analyzing Poe’s representation of male-male intimacy can also tell us a great deal about the nineteenth-century imaginary—about the forms that intense male relationships could take before “homosexuality” became a set of behaviors and a state of being. Jonathan Ned Katz has catalogued many examples of “sex between men” long before “homosexuality” entered the American lexicon.2 None other than Rufus Griswold, Poe’s notorious literary executor, noted the “horrible sin not to be mentioned among Christians” in his review of Whitman’s 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass.3 Robert K. Martin has also observed that from the 1840s to the 1880s, a “range of possibilities” for male-to-male relationships existed that “could run from boyhood ‘chums’ to an idealized comradeship of ‘knights-errant’ to an anguished and guilt-ridden projection of the self onto figures of Gothic evil.”4 The “figures of Gothic evil” that occupy one end of Martin’s spectrum resemble the male characters in the tales that concern me here, and their origin as “guilt-ridden projections” seems consonant with the male psychology Poe represents. Keeping in mind Katz’s
Cell-Specific Transfection of Choriocarcinoma Cells by Using Sindbis Virus hCG Expressing Chimeric Vector

Abstract The development of Sindbis virus vectors that can target specific cell types would provide an important gene therapy strategy. We explored the possibility of designing a Sindbis virus vector that can target human choriocarcinoma cells via ligand-receptor interaction. The Sindbis virus envelope gene was modified by insertion of the α- and β-hCG genes. The chimeric helper RNA was then transfected into BHK cells along with a virus-based expression vector, allowing the production of virus particles containing hCG-envelope chimeras. The hCG-envelope chimeric virus vector has minimal infectivities against BHK cells and human cancer cells which do not contain LH/CG receptors on their surface. This vector can, however, infect and transfer a reporter gene to choriocarcinoma cells as well as other cells bearing LH/CG receptors. This chimeric Sindbis virus vector may provide a novel approach for gene therapy of gestational trophoblast disease and placental dysfunction.
Observations of shape-dependent hydrogen uptake trajectories from single nanocrystals.

In this work, H2 absorption and desorption in faceted, crystalline Au/Pd core/shell nanocrystals and their interaction with a SiOx/Si support were studied at the single-particle level. Dark-field microscopy was used to monitor the changing optical properties of these Au/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) upon exposure to H2 as reversible H2 uptake from the Pd shell proceeded. Analysis of the heterogeneous ensemble of NPs revealed the H2 uptake trajectory of each nanocrystal to be shape-dependent. Differences in particle uptake trajectories were observed for individual particles with different shapes, faceting, and Pd shell thickness. In addition to palladium hydride formation, the single-particle trajectories were able to decipher specific instances where palladium silicide formation and Au/Pd interdiffusion occurred and helped us determine that this was more frequently seen in those particles within an ensemble having thicker Pd shells. This noninvasive, plasmonic-based direct sensing technique shows the importance ...
Effect of PS1 deficiency and an APP γ-secretase inhibitor on Notch1 signaling in primary mammalian neurons

Presenilin1 (PS1) has been implicated in normal Notch1 processing and signaling in several experimental systems. In the present study, the relationship between PS1 and Notch1 in mammalian neurons is studied by analyzing Notch1 cleavage and C-terminal nuclear translocation as well as Notch1 signaling via the transactivation of a CBF1-luciferase reporter construct. We show that full-length Notch1 [N1(FL)] transfected into wild type (WT) primary neurons is cleaved in the presence of its biological ligand Delta (Dl) and translocated to the nucleus within 1--3 min of ligand addition. PS1 deficient neurons show normal Notch1 insertion into the cellular membrane, yet lack Notch1 activation resulting in markedly inhibited nuclear translocation of the C-terminal Notch fragment (NICD). PS1 deficient neurons also have impaired Notch1 signaling which can be restored fully or partially to levels seen in WT littermates by transfection with WT or familial Alzheimer's disease-associated M146L mutant PS1, respectively. We also show that pharmacological inhibition of PS1-associated gamma-secretase activity parallels the effects of genetic PS1 deficiency in these assays. These results support the hypothesis that PS1 deficiency blocks neuronal Notch1 processing and signaling.
Phosphorylation of chicken oviduct progesterone receptor by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract Phosphorylation of immunopurified chicken oviduct progesterone receptor (PR) was studied in intact cells and under cell-free conditions. Cytosol PR was isolated by incubation with anti-PR monoclonal antibody αPR22 adsorbed to protein A-Sepharose and suspended in a reaction mixture containing 10 m m Mg2+, 0.1 m m [γ-32P]ATP, and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) from bovine heart. All three major proteins of avian PR (PR-A, 79 kDa; PR-B, 110 kDa; 90 kDa) incorporated 32P-radioactivity on serine residues. The phosphorylation reaction was inhibited by synthetic inhibitors of protein kinases, H-8 and 20-residue peptide IP20. A 40 °C preexposure of PR oligomer increased phosphorylation of the 90-kDa protein, known to be a heat-shock protein (hsp-90). The extent of the phosphorylation reaction was temperature-dependent as the 32P-incorporation into PR-A and PR-B increased gradually, showing a maximum at 37 °C. Multiple phosphopeptides (4–7) were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis chromatography following cleavage of 32P-labeled peptides with trypsin. Both A and B forms of receptor showed similar phosphorylation patterns with B receptor digestion exhibiting two to three additional peptides. Under physiological conditions, preincubation of oviduct mince with forskolin, a regulator of intracellular cAMP levels, caused a greater extent of phosphorylation of PR-A and PR-B proteins. The results of this study demonstrate that chicken oviduct PR is an excellent substrate for the action of cAMP-PK in vitro and that this enzyme may be a physiological regulator of progesterone action in the oviduct.
A fissure in the distinction: Hannah Arendt, the family and the public/private dichotomy

By way of an analysis of Arendt's defense of the public/private distinction in The Human Condition, this essay offers a re-interpretation of the status of the family as a realm where the categories of action and speech play a vital role. The traditional criterion for the establishment of the public/private distinction is grounded in an idealization of the family as a sphere where a unity of interests destroys the conditions for the categories of action and speech. This essay takes issue with this assumption and argues that the traditional conception has had a pernicious effect not only on women, but on men as well. This argument is supported by locating a fissure in Arendt's analysis of this distinction that suggests a profound structural affinity between the public realm and the family.
Crystallographic Snapshots of Cyanide- and Water-Bound C-Clusters from Bifunctional Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase/Acetyl-CoA Synthase,

Nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODHs) reversibly catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and are of vital importance in the global carbon cycle. The unusual catalytic CODH C-cluster has been crystallographically characterized as either a NiFe4S4 or a NiFe4S5 metal center, the latter containing a fifth, additional sulfide that bridges Ni and a unique Fe site. To determine whether this bridging sulfide is catalytically relevant and to further explore the mechanism of the C-cluster, we obtained crystal structures of the 310 kDa bifunctional CODH/acetyl-CoA synthase complex from Moorella thermoacetica bound both with a substrate H2O/OH− molecule and with a cyanide inhibitor. X-ray diffraction data were collected from native crystals and from identical crystals soaked in a solution containing potassium cyanide. In both structures, the substrate H2O/OH− molecule exhibits binding to the unique Fe site of the C-cluster. We also observe cyanide binding in a bent conformation ...
Fractional Preservation of Transgressive Coastal Lithosomes on Atlantic Continental Shelf: ABSTRACT

Migration of coastal environmental lithosomes across the continental shelf is a response to the latest Quaternary rise of the sea. Preservation of fractions of the transgressive sequence is dependent on depth of erosion, which is a function of impinging wave energy, sediment supply, resistance to erosion, and rate of relative sea-level change. Materials deeper in the column have a greater potential for preservation. The relative sea-level curve for Delaware, based on C14-dated basal peats, rises smoothly from 25 m below present from 10,000 years B.P. to the present at a decreasing rate with time. Shells and peats 9,000 to 10,000 years old on the shelf are 40 m deeper, suggesting an east-southeast shelf tilt, tectonically or hydro-isostatically induced. Sea-leve rise results in rates of coastal retreat of 102 m/year for 10,000 years B.P., 101 m/year for 5,000 years B.P., and 100 m/year at present. In a model of constant volume of net erosion per unit length of coast, a much smaller depth of erosion applies early in the transgression, allowing a greater preservation potential. Changes in wave climate, sediment supply, and downwarping across the shelf also apply. Recovered sediments, seismic profiles, and recognized morphic features indicate better preservation of shoreline elements on the outer shelf, and more planing off and reworking on the inner shelf. Similar analysis of Delaware Bay indicates that it too follows such a model, in changing from a dendritic fluvial system to a broad estuary. End_of_Article - Last_Page 675------------
Parental binge alcohol abuse alters F1 generation hypothalamic gene expression in the absence of direct fetal alcohol exposure.

Adolescent binge alcohol exposure has long-lasting effects on the expression of hypothalamic genes that regulate the stress response, even in the absence of subsequent adult alcohol exposure. This suggests that alcohol can induce permanent gene expression changes, potentially through epigenetic modifications to specific genes. Epigenetic modifications can be transmitted to future generations therefore, and in these studies we investigated the effects of adolescent binge alcohol exposure on hypothalamic gene expression patterns in the F1 generation offspring. It has been well documented that maternal alcohol exposure during fetal development can have devastating neurological consequences. However, less is known about the consequences of maternal and/or paternal alcohol exposure outside of the gestational time frame. Here, we exposed adolescent male and female rats to a repeated binge EtOH exposure paradigm and then mated them in adulthood. Hypothalamic samples were taken from the offspring of these animals at postnatal day (PND) 7 and subjected to a genome-wide microarray analysis followed by qRT-PCR for selected genes. Importantly, the parents were not intoxicated at the time of mating and were not exposed to EtOH at any time during gestation therefore the offspring were never directly exposed to EtOH. Our results showed that the offspring of alcohol-exposed parents had significant differences compared to offspring from alcohol-naive parents. Specifically, major differences were observed in the expression of genes that mediate neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity during neurodevelopment, genes important for directing chromatin remodeling, posttranslational modifications or transcription regulation, as well as genes involved in regulation of obesity and reproductive function. These data demonstrate that repeated binge alcohol exposure during pubertal development can potentially have detrimental effects on future offspring even in the absence of direct fetal alcohol exposure.
Physiological Responses of Avocado Leaves to Avocado Brown Mite Feeding Injury

Effects of various levels of feeding injury caused by the avocado brown mite, Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae), on avocado leaves were examined. Mite feeding from the upper leaf surface reduced chlorophyll content of the upper mesophyll layer of avocado leaves, whereas chlorophyll content remained unchanged in the lower spongy parenchyma layer. Stomatal and mesophyll conductance values, photosynthesis, and transpiration were found to be negatively correlated with increasing levels of spider mite injury. Avocado photosynthesis rates were reduced 56% when 100% feeding injury was sustained on the upper leaf surface.
Substitutes for Dried Skimmilk in the Diet of Growing Chickens

Abstract PRIOR to 1941 few workers in poultry nutrition would have recommended a diet for broilers or breeding stock unless it contained at least a small quantity of one of the milk by-products. Among the reasons for this attitude were the demonstrated nutritive value of milk by-products and the knowledge that the inclusion of milk by-products in a diet insures the presence in it of some of the members of the vitamin B-G complex for which requirements had not been established. In the autumn of 1941 the high cost of milk by-products and their impending scarcity for use as animal feed made it necessary to devise substitutes for dried skimmilk and dried buttermilk that could be used in any poultry diet with reasonably good results. Accordingly, several substitutes for dried skimmilk for feeding poultry were formulated by the poultry nutrition workers of the Bureau of Animal Industry and released in November, . . .
Cytotoxicity against tumour-associated antigens not H-2 restricted.

CYTOTOXIC thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) can be generated both in vivo and in vitro against many different types of cell surface antigen (reviewed in ref. 1). There have been several reports that when mice were injected with non-oncogenic viruses2–4 or when spleen lymphocytes were sensitised in vitro against chemically modified syngeneic cells5, the resultant cytotoxicity was directed only against target cells which shared with the sensitising and/or effector cells in the H–2K or H–2D region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Similar observations have been made with several experimental tumour systems6–10. This indicates that the interaction between immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells is H–2 restricted and compatibility at the H–2K or H–2D regions of the MHC is essential. But we now have data which indicate that identity at the H–2 complex (or at subregions within this complex) is not required for cytotoxic reactivity between T lymphocytes from mice immunised against murine sarcoma virus (MSV) and tumour-associated antigens on target cells. Spleen cells from immune animals could lyse either syngeneic or allogeneic tumour targets carrying the appropriate tumour-associated antigens. Thus it seems that the antigenic moiety against which the MSV-immune T cell is directed is not exclusively a modification of the H–2 antigen. Furthermore, the magnitude of the cytotoxicity against allogeneic target cells depended on the strain of animal used for immunisation.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Chronic Pelvic Pain After Hysteroscopic Sterilization

Abstract Study Objective To investigate the incidence of and preoperative risk factors for developing pelvic pain after hysteroscopic sterilization using the Essure microinserts. Design Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting University medical center. Patients A total of 458 patients who underwent hysteroscopic sterilization using Essure between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2012. Intervention Hysteroscopic sterilization using Essure. Measurements and Main Results The incidence of acute pelvic pain after hysteroscopic sterilization was 8.1%, and of persistent pain at 3 months after the procedure was 4.2%. The range of presence of pain was 1 to 469 days (mean, 56 days). Of patients who developed chronic pelvic pain after the procedure, 75% reported it within 130 days of the procedure. Patients with previous diagnoses of any chronic pain (chronic pelvic pain, chronic low back pain, chronic headache, and fibromyalgia) were more likely to report both acute pain (odds ratio, 6.81; 95% confidence interval, 2.95–15.73) and chronic pain (odds ratio, 6.15; 95% confidence interval, 2.10–18.10) after hysteroscopic sterilization. Conclusions Pelvic pain may develop after hysteroscopic sterilization. Patients with a diagnosis of preexisting chronic pain may be at increased risk of developing pelvic pain after the procedure. Fifty percent of new pelvic pain after Essure placement will resolve within 3 months.
A new methodology for estimating contagious biological agent casualties as a function of time

The Human Response Injury Profile (HRIP) methodology uses time-based progressions of underlying symptoms and their severity changes over time to determine user-defined casualty and fatality estimates from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) events. This paper provides an overview of the implementation of the HRIP contagious biological agent methodology for use in estimating casualties resulting from Plague and Smallpox exposure. The article describes inputs, human response, and the casualty estimation processes, as well as the details and parameters used for estimating contagious spread of Plague or Smallpox using the susceptible, exposed and infected, infectious, removed, and prophylaxis efficacious (SEIRP) model.
The creatine phosphate energy shuttle—The molecular asymmetry of a “pool”

The creatine phosphate shuttle energy transfer mechanism was postulated on the basis of the hexokinase acceptor theory of insulin action. It proposes that the movement of chemical energy from the mitochondrion to the myofibril is in the form of creatine phosphate. This occurs because there are isozymes of creatine phosphokinase bound to the inner membrane of the sarcosome and to the A band of the myofibril. These isozymes have been shown to act as transducers of energy from ATP to creatine phosphate at the translocase site and from creatine phosphate back to ATP at the myofibrillar compartment. Calculations show that there is no significant amount of transformation of creatine phosphate to ATP in the intervening space between the mitochondrion and the myofibril so that, essentially, transport between the oxidative sites and the contractile apparatus is through the creatine phosphate shuttle. There is also evidence that another terminus for this shuttle is the microsome so that muscle activity tends to increase energy supply for protein synthesis.
Vagal input to the enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract has traditionally been viewed as a system of ganglia that operates largely independently of the brain and spinal cord. Because of this postulated autonomy, the ENS has even been characterised as the “little brain” or the “second brain.” Recent neural tracing studies, however, challenge this canon of ENS autonomy. The view that the ENS is independent can be traced to several types of observation. Early research on the relationship of the ENS to the central nervous system (CNS) noted that the ENS could support motor activity and a number of local reflexes when the viscera were decentralised or isolated. Langley (1922),1 in his seminal analyses, reinforced the idea of a largely autonomous ENS by noting that the preganglionic axons projecting to the ENS were far outnumbered by the multitude of enteric neurones in the viscera. In the case of the vagus nerve in particular, Langley envisioned a few specialised “mother cells” or “vagal cells” in the ENS that were contacted by preganglionic inputs and that then distributed the relatively small number of inputs to a bigger group of effector neurones within the enteric plexuses. In a related but more modern view, Wood (1987)2 suggested that autonomic preganglionics might project to “command neurones” within the ENS.3 On the sensory side, early observations also noted that individuals with intact peripheral nerves connecting the ENS and CNS had little awareness of visceral afferent feedback. Although the view of an all-but-autonomous ENS still tends to dominate thinking and teaching about the innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, it should be stressed that the …
Septic and Nonseptic Olecranon Bursitis: Utility of the Surface Temperature Probe in the Early Differentiation of Septic and Nonseptic Cases

• Forty-six consecutive cases of olecranon bursitis were prospectively analyzed during a 1-year period. Eleven cases were septic; 35 cases were nonseptic. In addition to bursal fluid analysis, the surface temperature over the involved olecranon bursa and the contralateral (control) olecranon process was obtained by using a surface temperature probe. We compared the temperature difference between the involved and control sides in all septic and nonseptic cases. In nonseptic cases, the mean surface temperature difference was 0.7°C vs 3.7°C in septic cases. In all septic cases, the temperature difference was 2.2°C or greater (range, 2.2°C to 5.1°C; SD, 1.1). Use of the surface probe temperature difference proved 100% sensitive and 94% specific in discriminating septic from nonseptic cases. It seems to be more helpful than the bursal fluid leukocyte count, the predominant cell type, or Gram's stain in the early differentiation of septic and nonseptic olecranon bursitis. (Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1581-1585)
Mixing and reaction in curved liquid shear layers

The concentration field of mixing layers subject to stabilizing and destabilizing streamwise curvature was investigated at post-mixing-transition conditions. A set of operating conditions was implemented, identical to those at which straight layers were previously investigated in the same facility, in order to compare the effects of hydrodynamic instabilities upon scalar mixing. Quantitative imaging of planar laser-induced fluorescence was used for (i) passive scalar measurements, and (ii) chemical product measurements. Similar to the straight mixing layer, the results for the curved layers show that beyond the mixing transition the layer continues to evolve, and undergoes a small change in its scalar structure. At conditions just past the mixing transition both stable and unstable layers have average mixed-fluid compositions which are uniform across the layer, and average chemical product concentration profiles which are symmetric. At more fully developed conditions, the scalar field evolved: the average mixed-fluid concentration developed a small lateral variation, while the chemical product concentration profiles became asymmetric. Similar to the straight layer, the mixture-fraction PDF is believed to be of the tilted type for the most fully developed layer examined, with the marching PDF being a poor representation. Consistent with previous investigations, the growth rate of the unstable layer was found to be higher than that of straight or stable layers. The most important result is that the measured mixing efficiency of all the layers (curved and straight) was found to be the same: both the total mixed-fluid composition, and the volume fraction of mixed fluid were the same for all unstable, stable, and straight layers. The amount of mixed fluid (and of chemical product formed) was larger for the unstable layer, but always in a fixed proportion to the layer's thickness. The lack of increase in the mixing efficiency for the unstable layer is surprising, given that previous hydrodynamic measurements had shown enhanced turbulent transport for the unstable case. Thus, for all liquid shear layers studied, the rate of scalar mixing appears to be directly proportional to the entrainment rate (which essentially determines the layer's growth rate), and not to any hydrodynamic measures.
Failure modes and effects recognition in the Tertiary Mirror Assembly design

It is desirable to expose and observe the implications of design decisions early in conceptual stages of design when the cost of design changes are relatively inexpensive. However, few quantitative design details are available at the conceptual design stages rendering traditional design analysis techniques ineffective. Using qualitative information, failure mode and effect recognition (FMER) analysis can expose many possible failure modes. In addition, it lays the foundation for the quantitative failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) employed in the later stages of design. In performing FMER for a given design, system functionality and interactions between all subcomponents become better understood. The objectives, goals, and assumptions of the design become explicitly documented in the analysis. FMER design verification is based on first principles, geometric relationships, and general information about the components. This qualitative analysis can reveal critical failures due to overconstrained objects, under-constrained motions, conflicting information, and unrecognized assumptions. The designer quickly recognizes short comings of a design and is thus better able to make revisions. The designer specifies more details, making the transition from conceptual design to detailed design. Moving from qualitative to more quantitative analysis, more thorough design validations can be performed as detailed information becomes available. The effectiveness of FMER as an early design analysis tool was demonstrated. Failure modes and effects recognition (FMER) analysis was performed on the base-line (kinematic mount concept) design of the tertiary mirror assembly (TMA) of the space infra-red telescope facility (SIRTF). The findings presented here are not intended to be critiques of the design. But they did serve to identify areas of concern to the designer.
Calculation of One- and Two-Photon Absorption Spectra of Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory

The one- (OPA) and two-photon (TPA) absorption spectra have been calculated for a gold dimer, for a monothiolated gold dimer anion, for a thiolated gold cluster [Au25(SH)18](-1), whose structure has been determined, and for a proposed cluster [Au12(SR)9](+1) using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Geometry optimization with different exchange-correlation (X-C) functionals yielded small differences which had significant consequences in the spectra calculations. The calculated excitation energies of Au25(SH)18(-1) are in excellent agreement with experiment when the local density approximation Xα-optimized geometry is used with the B3LYP X-C functional. The CAMB3LYP and mCAM functionals yielded OPA results in good agreement with experiment for the dimer systems and the larger clusters. The super-atom theory was useful in analyzing the electronic transitions in the larger clusters. TPA was dominated by resonance effects, and the calculated cross-sections displayed a strong X-C functional dependence.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Has Dose-Dependent, Autonomically Mediated Effects on Atrial Refractoriness and Repolarization in Anesthetized Dogs

Introduction: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may alter electrophysiological properties of the heart and possibly have a role in arrhythmogenesis. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting results and have not fully considered whether ANP's cardiac electrophysiological effects are mediated via direct actions and/or indirectly via the autonomic nervous system. This study's aim was to establish whether ANP infused at pathophysiological and pharmacological doses has significant in vivo cardiac electrophysiological effects and to determine whether these effects are directly or autonomically mediated. Methods and Results: Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of ANP infusion (human ANP at 15–600 ng/kg per minute) were examined in chloralose-anesthetized dogs under conditions of varying autonomic blockade. In autonomically intact dogs (n = 12), low-dose ANP (15 ng/kg per minute) shortened atrial effective refractory period (ERP) (P < 0.001) and monophasic action potential duration (MAPD90) (P < 0.05) at 600, 500, and 400 msec atrial paced cycle lengths and reduced right atrial pressure (P < 0.05) but did not alter mean arterial pressure. After either combined vagal and beta-adrenergic blockade (vagotomy plus atropine plus propranolol, n = 7) or selective vagal blockade (n = 9), low-dose ANP no longer altered atrial ERP or MAPD90. Higher ANP doses (150 and 600 ng/kg per minute) decreased mean arterial and right atrial pressures (P < 0.001) but did not alter atrial ERP, MAPD90, or other electrophysiological parameters including atrial fibrillation threshold, ventricular ERP, and MAPD90. Conclusion: ANP has dose-dependent, autonomically mediated effects on atrial refractoriness and repolarization.
Combining dependent P-values

We derive an approximation to the null distribution of Fisher's statistic for combining p-values when the underlying test statistics are jointly distributed as multivariate t with common denominator. Applications to testing problems involving order-restricted parameters are briefly discussed.