cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Tumor Promotion in Affecting the Multi-Hit Nature of Carcinogenesis

A variety of radiations and chemicals can induce a wide spectrum of acute and chronic disease states, including cancer, when animals or human beings are acutely exposed to moderate or high levels of these agents. However, with the exception of accidents, exaggerated lifestyles and genetic predispositions, the common real-life situation is one of chronic low-level exposure.
Association between emergency department utilization and the risk of child maltreatment in young children

This study aims to assess the association between emergency department (ED) utilization and the risk of child maltreatment. Using ED discharge data from the California’s Office of Statewide Health Planning (OSHPD) and Development for 2008–2013, we performed a nested case-control study to examine the relationship between the frequency of ED visits and child maltreatment diagnosis under 4 years of age among children born in California between 2008 and 2009 who visited the ED. The study sample consisted of 3772 children diagnosed with child maltreatment (cases) and 7544 children selected by incidence density sampling (controls). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, the estimated odds ratios of child maltreatment were 1.72 (95% CI:1.55–1.90) for those with two to three ED visits and 3.03 (95% CI: 2.69–3.41) for those with four or more ED visits, compared to children with one visit. Race/ethnicity, insurance status, and location of residence were also significantly associated with the risk of child maltreatment. Young children with higher frequency of ED visits are at significantly increased risk of being victims of child maltreatment. ED utilization patterns and other established risk markers may assist healthcare professionals in identifying and treating victims of child maltreatment.
Simulating nanoisland layers in THz detectors using a Monte Carlo method

We present a Monte Carlo model that simulates the effects of non-equilibrium carrier-carrier scattering and the presence of layers of ErAs nanoislands in a GaAs terahertz antenna detector. To minimize computing time, we split the model into two simulations on numerical grids with optimized resolutions. First, we calculate the effects of the ErAs nanoislands on carrier lifetime in a high resolution volume of GaAs. We then incorporate those results into a larger, lower resolution, two-dimensional simulation that models the antenna detector. The computational results match experimental data presented by Kadow et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3548–3550 (1999)] and show that the lifetime of the carriers is closely linked to the periodicity of the nanoisland layers. Our results also highlight how the periodicity of the nanoisland layers affects the sensitivity and bandwidth of the terahertz detector, information that can be used to create custom devices with optimal parameters.
Opinion: To curate the molecular past, museums need a carefully considered set of best practices.

Biomolecular research has sparked a methodological revolution in the field of anthropology, and museums are now faced with the curatorial challenge of conserving and evaluating materials for these new methods. Since 2010, hundreds of genome-wide datasets from ancient human samples have been published, and thousands more have been generated; doubling the amount of data in the field of paleogenomics now requires less time than the publication of a single article (1). Technological advances in laboratory and bioinformatic approaches have also led to a new era in paleomicrobiology, in which entire ancient microbial communities can be recovered from various substrates, such as calcified dental calculus (2). Increasingly, large-scale datasets for other biomolecules, such as proteins and metabolites, are generated and integrated into multi-omic understandings of the human past (2). Fig. 1. Museum collections staff stand among the anthropological collections at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Museums are responsible for preserving collections and the information they contain for future generations. But in recent years, they’ve been given the increasingly challenging task of curating and conserving biomolecular data. Image credit: Chip Clark (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC). Anthropological collections are important for science and society for reasons that include their potential applications for biomolecular research (3, 4). Ethical issues are central in the changing circumstances for ancient biomolecular information. Potential negative impacts on indigenous communities (such as when paleogenomic studies contradict traditional histories and undermine territorial or repatriation claims) have magnified the importance of community-based practices (5). Competition among ancient-DNA laboratories for museum samples has been likened to “the Wild West” (6), and more strictly regulating access to samples has been advocated to prevent “hoarding” (7). As stewards of collections that contain ancient biomolecules (e.g., isotopes, proteins, DNA, and metabolites), museums play a critical role among stakeholders in biomolecular research and should … [↵][1]2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sholtss{at}si.edu or courtney.hofman{at}ou.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Caste and the Law

As one of the organizing principles of Indian society, it is scarcely surprising that caste has many interfaces with the legal system. The relationship between caste and the law is a complex one: if the law claims to govern a society that is, at least in principle, broadly committed to egalitarianism in the public sphere, it must necessarily take account of — and intervene into — caste structures that are driven by the contrary logic of hierarchy. But the very act of doing so — as we shall see — becomes constitutive of changes in the concept of caste itself, under pressure from the force of law. Law and caste, therefore, are in constant tension with one another, and their relationship remains a fluid and dynamic one. A complete analysis of the numerous interfaces between caste and the Indian legal system would require many volumes. Here, I shall limit myself to flagging four main themes: first, the ways in which caste appears in the Indian Constitution (I); secondly, the role of caste in the Indian Supreme Court’s engagement with reservations (II); thirdly, the jurisprudential link that has been drawn between caste, territory, and religion (III); and fourthly, legislative attempts to prevent and redress caste-based domination and subordination (IV). I have chosen these four themes because, while the first structures any enquiry into the relationship between caste and law, the rest are salient and live issues today; moreover, they are specifically relevant for interdisciplinary studies. Each of these issues has seen the courts drawing upon insights from sociology, anthropology, and history (among other disciplines), to arrive at their conclusions. While the form of reasoning — and the outcome — is, of course legal in character, the important judgments rely upon — and have an impact upon — aspects that go much beyond the field of law, and will probably be of interest and concern to a wide range of scholars.
Application of Micro-CT in Soft Tissue Specimen Imaging

The application of micro-CT in soft tissue specimens as a noninvasive imaging tool has been studied for accurate visualization of three-dimensional structures; generally useful methods for micro-CT imaging for comparative, functional studies of morphology are still in process. Overall visualization of soft tissue has proven to be possible, along with versatile staining methods, tissue fixation, and sample preparation. This chapter focuses mainly on biological applications analyzed by micro-CT with possibilities of combining with other preparations and imaging methods in different soft tissues (organs, animals, food, or tissue engineering). Such technological advancements are expected to develop micro-CT into genomic, functional, developmental, and even molecular evolutionary imaging modality.
Determinants of Latent Tuberculosis Treatment Acceptance and Completion in Healthcare Personnel.

BACKGROUND US public health strategy for eliminating tuberculosis (TB) prioritizes treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI). Healthcare personnel (HCP) are less willing to accept treatment than other populations. Little is known about factors associated with HCP LTBI therapy acceptance and completion. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review to identify all employees with LTBI at time of hire at a large academic medical center during a 10-year period. Personal demographics, occupational factors, and clinic visit variables were correlated with LTBI treatment acceptance and completion rates using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of 470 HCP with LTBI for whom treatment was recommended, 193 (41.1%) accepted treatment, while 137 (29.1%) completed treatment. Treatment adherence was better with 4 months of rifampin than 9 months of isoniazid (95% vs 68%, P < .005). Increased age of the healthcare worker was independently associated with lower rates of treatment acceptance (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.97 [0.94-0.99] per year), as was having an occupation of clinician (0.47 [0.26-0.85]) or researcher (0.34 [0.19-0.64]). Male gender was associated with higher treatment acceptance (1.90 [1.21-2.99]). Treatment completion was associated with being from a low- (9.49 [2.06-43.73]) or medium- (8.51 [3.93-18.44]) TB-burden country. CONCLUSIONS Geographic and occupational factors affect acceptance and completion of LTBI therapy. Short-course regimens may improve adherence. Physicians, researchers, and HCP from high-TB-burden countries have lower treatment rates than other HCP. Improving LTBI treatment in HCP will require attending to cultural and occupational differences.
Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Left Ventricular Noncompaction

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy that can lead to systemic embolism and ischemic stroke. LVNC results from the arrest of ventricular myocardium compaction during embryogenesis. Multiple other cardiac complications coexist with this cardiomyopathy, and one of the potential consequences is cardioembolic events causing ischemic stroke. This condition can be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. We report a patient who presented with recurrent embolic ischemic stroke secondary to LVNC that was overlooked on initial transthoracic echocardiographic studies. After an unremarkable laboratory workup, transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed noncompaction of the myocardium within the apex of the left ventricle, confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient was anticoagulated with warfarin and discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Increased understanding and awareness of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and management of LVNC are advised, particularly in patients with recurrent embolic stroke of undetermined source. Screening of all first-degree relatives with this familial condition is recommended as well, as appropriate treatment can prevent cardiac complications and sudden death. J Neurol Res. 2019;9(4-5):75-80 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr553
Hydrodynamic characterization within a spinner flask and a rotary wall vessel for stem cell culture

Abstract Stirred suspension culture is becoming a popular method for expanding human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). While stirring generates adequate fluid motions to lift the cells and facilitates mass transfers (of nutrients, dissolved gases, and metabolic wastes), excessive stirring could impose hydrodynamic forces deleterious for the growth of the cells. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to first investigate hydrodynamic characteristics of fluid flows in a spinner flask, a common stirred suspension culture vessel used in laboratories. Flow patterns and distributions of shear stresses and the Kolmogorov length scales at varying impeller speeds were obtained. Comparison of the Kolmogorov length scales and sizes of hPSC aggregates, measured in the authors’ previous experimental study, showed a strong correlation between the two. In addition to the spinner flask which generated complex and transient turbulent flows, this study investigated a newly developed rotary wall vessel that had been designed to produce laminar, circular Couette flows in order to control shear stress. CFD simulations revealed significantly more uniform and homogeneous flows compared to those in the spinner flask, suggesting that the rotary wall vessel is a suitable culture vessel to investigate roles of shear stress on hPSCs in suspension.
Racial/ethnic concordance between patients and researchers as a predictor of study attrition.

Abstract Rationale The differential attrition of racial/ethnic minority participants in clinical research is a major threat to advancing medical and behavioral science. Objective Our aim was to examine the influence of racial/ethnic concordance between participants and research staff on study attrition. Method Data were pooled from participants and clinical research coordinators (CRCs) in six longitudinal studies of respiratory illness. Dyads were classified as concordant if the patient and CRC were of the same racial/ethnic group. Multilevel modeling examined the effect of racial/ethnic concordance on attrition at the first and one-year follow-ups. Results Spanish language, lower education, and greater depressive symptoms predicted greater attrition, but these effects disappeared in adjusted models. Race/ethnicity, age, gender and health literacy did not predict attrition. Contrary to hypotheses, attrition was greater among concordant than discordant dyads: Attrition was almost five times greater at first follow-up for Black and Hispanic participants in concordant dyads, and almost four times greater at one year. Conclusions Racial/ethnic concordance between participant and CRCs was related to greater attrition in a highly diverse sample of adults with respiratory illness. Differential attrition of racial/ethnic minorities is a major threat to advancing public health. Interactions with research staff may be critical to bridging the disparities gap.
Detecting keyhole pore defects and monitoring process signatures during laser powder bed fusion: a correlation between in situ pyrometry and ex situ X-ray radiography

Abstract Creation of pores and defects during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can lead to poor mechanical properties and thus must be minimized. Post-build inspection is required to ensure the printed parts contain acceptably low defect concentrations. These inspections are time consuming and costly, especially for large or complex parts. As a potential solution, in situ process monitoring can be used to detect the creation of defects, characterize local material behavior and predict expected component properties. However, the precise relationship between pore creation and in situ process monitoring still needs to be understood. In this work, high-speed infrared diode-based pyrometry and high-speed optical imaging signals were used to monitor LPBF printing of 446 stainless steel 316 L single tracks with varying laser power and velocity. Results indicate an increase in pyrometer signal and melt pool dimensions with increasing laser power and decreasing velocity in agreement with previous work. In addition, careful analysis of pyrometer signal reveals a distinct signature of the conduction-to-keyhole mode transition which was confirmed by metallography. Critically, pore defect initiation as characterized by ex situ X-ray radiography was correlated with in situ thermal monitoring signals to derive the probability of defect creation. Our results show that, in principle, a probabilistic prediction of pore formation can be achieved based on in situ high-speed pyrometry monitoring of the LPBF melt pool.
An alternative resource allocation strategy in the chemolithoautotrophic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis .

Most microorganisms in nature spend the majority of time in a state of slow or zero growth and slow metabolism under limited energy or nutrient flux rather than growing at maximum rates. Yet, most of our knowledge has been derived from studies on fast-growing bacteria. Here, we systematically characterized the physiology of the methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis during slow growth. M. maripaludis was grown in continuous culture under energy (formate)-limiting conditions at different dilution rates ranging from 0.09 to 0.002 h-1, the latter corresponding to 1% of its maximum growth rate under laboratory conditions (0.23 h-1). While the specific rate of methanogenesis correlated with growth rate as expected, the fraction of cellular energy used for maintenance increased and the maintenance energy per biomass decreased at slower growth. Notably, proteome allocation between catabolic and anabolic pathways was invariant with growth rate. Unexpectedly, cells maintained their maximum methanogenesis capacity over a wide range of growth rates, except for the lowest rates tested. Cell size, cellular DNA, RNA, and protein content as well as ribosome numbers also were largely invariant with growth rate. A reduced protein synthesis rate during slow growth was achieved by a reduction in ribosome activity rather than via the number of cellular ribosomes. Our data revealed a resource allocation strategy of a methanogenic archaeon during energy limitation that is fundamentally different from commonly studied versatile chemoheterotrophic bacteria such as E. coli.
Quantitative Analysis of Polyphosphoinositide, Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and Phosphatidylglycerol Species by Shotgun Lipidomics after Methylation

Phospholipids play important roles in biological process even at a very low level. For example, bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) is involved in the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage diseases, and polyphosphoinositides (PPI) play critical roles in cellular signaling and functions. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), a structural isomer of BMP, mediates lipid-protein and lipid-lipid interactions, and inhibits platelet activating factor and phosphatidylcholine transferring. However, due to their low abundance, the analysis of these phospholipids from biological samples is technically challenging. Therefore, the cellular function and metabolism of these phospholipids are still elusive. This chapter overviews a novel method of shotgun lipidomics after methylation with trimethylsilyl-diazomethane (TMS-D) for accurate and comprehensive analysis of these phospholipid species in biological samples. Firstly, a modified Bligh and Dyer procedure is performed to extract tissue lipids for PPI analysis, whereas modified methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE) extraction and modified Folch extraction methods are described to extract tissue lipids for PPI analysis. Secondly, TMS-D methylation is performed to derivatize PG/BMP and PPI, respectively. Then, we described the shotgun lipidomics strategies that can be used as cost-effective and relatively high-throughput methods to determine BMP, PG, and PPI species and isomers with different phosphate position(s) and fatty acyl chains. The described method of shotgun lipidomics after methylation achieves feasible and reliable quantitative analysis of low-abundance lipid classes. The application of this novel method should enable us to reveal the metabolism and functions of these phospholipids in healthy and disease states.
Depression in Adolescents

SUMMARY The primary care physician should be alert to the possibility of depression in adolescents and should inquire about related symptoms. He need not be reluctant to obtain information about family setting and school performance. Finally, it is invaluable to be aware of trained counselors in the community as resource persons for the treatment of depressed adolescents.
Sensor impacts on building and HVAC controls: A critical review for building energy performance

Abstract Building operations rely heavily on control systems and sensors. This paper provides a sophisticated literature review on sensor systems in building/HVAC systems, particularly in the context of controls, and their impacts on energy efficiency and thermal comfort. This study aims to understand the previous and current research and identify future research opportunities on this subject. The reviewed sensor systems were used for heuristic rule-based controls, local controls, and advanced optimal controls for existing and emerging technologies. Five major aspects of sensors are reviewed here: control loops for sensors, sensor types, sensor locations, sensor data, and a sensor impact evaluation framework. To augment the literature review, comprehensive standardized interviews were also conducted with relevant industry experts and practitioners. These interviews were designed and performed to (1) identify significant factors for selecting sensor sets and current undergoing issues, (2) identify potential improvements in sensor configuration/deployment, and (3) integrate expert (e.g., researcher, building operation practitioner) knowledge and experiences to develop structured use-case scenarios. Researchers collected and analyzed 31 interview responses for this paper.
Developing a Research Proposal

In planning a major trip, the astute traveler recognizes the importance of engaging in necessary advance planning, including making a number of important decisions regarding intended travel supplies, routes, and timing. Obviously, it is important to develop a travel plan that appeals to all travelers making the trip, and it is likewise important to plan a trip that is actually possible to do.
מצייצים מדיניות: שלושת הכובעים של נבחרי ציבור ונושאי משרה ציבורית ברשתות החברתיות Policy Tweets: Officials’ Three Bodies on Social-Media

תקציר בעברית: ראשי ערים, שרים, חברי כנסת, ונבחרי ציבור ונושאי משרות ציבוריות אחרים (נושאים/נבחרים) מקיימים פעילות ענפה ברשתות החברתיות. הם מפרסמים מגוון תכנים, מעבירים לציבור מסרים חשובים, פונים לעמיתיהם וחוסמים משתמשים אחרים. המאמר שואל מה הדין החל על פעולות אלו של נושאים/נבחרים ברשתות החברתיות. המאמר טוען כי על מנת לקבוע מה הדין החל על פעולות אלו יש להבחין בין פעילות פרטית, ציבורית, ושלטונית של נושאים/נבחרים. נקודת המוצא של המאמר היא בתיאוריית "שני הגופים של המלך", המבחינה בין פעולה פרטית עליה חלים דיני המשפט הפרטי ופעולה שלטונית עליה חלים ביתר שאת דיני המשפט הציבורי. המאמר מבקש לשכלל תיאוריה זו ולהוסיף התייחסות לפעולה ציבורית, עליה יחולו דיני המשפט הציבורי באופן גמיש יותר. לאחר דיון תיאורטי התומך בטענות אלו, המאמר מראה את הביטויים של ההבחנה בין שלושת הכובעים – פרטי, ציבורי ושלטוני – בפסיקה הישראלית. בהמשך, המאמר מסביר כיצד ההבחנה בין שלושת הכובעים של נושאים/נבחרים משפיעה על ברירת הדין החל על פעולותיהם ברשתות החברתיות. המאמר מצביע על שלושה מרכיבים הכרחיים של הרשתות החברתיות (רשתות, פלטפורמות, ומשתמשים) ומסביר כיצד אלו משפיעים על אותה הבחנה. המאמר גם מתאר את השימוש בפועל של נושאים/נבחרים ברשתות החברתיות. בנוסף, המאמר מנתח את הפסיקה הרלוונטית בישראל ובארצות-הברית לאור תיאוריית שלושת הכובעים ולאור מאפייני הרשתות החברתיות והפעילות של נושאים/נבחרים בהן. לבסוף, המאמר מציע ארבעה תבחינים מעשיים ופשוטים לסיווג בין פעולות פרטיות, ציבוריות ושלטוניות של נושאים/נבחרים ברשתות החברתיות, וממחיש כיצד סיווג זה משפיע על הדין המהותי החל על אותן פעולות.
Goldilocks and the Rule 803 Hearsay Exceptions

Criticism of the hearsay exceptions embodied in the Federal Rules of Evidence has reached a fever pitch in recent years. With scholars calling for the abrogation of the entire hearsay regime or of individual exceptions within it and the Advisory Committee on Evidence Rules exploring hearsay amendments, the time for genuine hearsay soul-searching may be at hand. This Article suggests that aggressive proposals to scuttle existing doctrine entirely in favor of alternative approaches to hearsay are overly broad, rejecting the benefits of significant portions of existing doctrine that are functioning well and threatening costly consequences that could make matters worse for hearsay. On the opposite end of the spectrum, narrow proposals to amend individual hearsay exceptions one at a time accomplish too little and may undermine the utility of long-standing and rational hearsay exceptions that permit the flow of helpful information into the trial process. As an alternative to these proposals at opposite ends of the spectrum, this Article reveals a ready hearsay reform right under our noses that hits that sweet spot in between a sweeping, aggressive reform and an unduly narrow, limited fix. The Article suggests borrowing the trustworthiness exception that is a current feature of the business and public records exceptions and extending its application to additional hearsay exceptions in Federal Rule of Evidence 803. This change would make hearsay statements falling within the existing requirements of the Rule 803 exceptions presumptively admissible, but would afford the opponent of those hearsay statements the opportunity to show that the particular circumstances surrounding the statements render them untrustworthy and inadmissible. Fleshing out this concept first advanced in my previous work, this Article explains why an expanded trustworthiness exception could be the silver bullet that takes an important step toward rationalizing hearsay doctrine.
An Interactive Software to Learn Pathophysiology with 3D Virtual Models

Educators have accessibility to a repository of resources to guide pedagogical instruction within graduate nursing curriculum. Multiple modalities are utilized within graduate education including face to face, online, and alternative platforms, such as web page, video, or mobile applications. Supplemental resources include e-learning applications, mobile learning, and game-based learning using internet accessible devices, smart displays, and even virtual reality headsets. The use of interactive and innovative methods has shown positive results in student engagement and cognitive learning. However, the implementation of 3D visualization strategies has been limited within healthcare education, specifically graduate advanced practice nursing. It is vital in graduate nursing education to provide students with advanced knowledge of disease processes and critical reasoning skills. While some programs include the ability to display text and image, as well as present animated contents, they lack sufficient interactive features to enhance learning. Therefore, an efficient and effective modality of information delivery is required to achieve this goal. In this paper, we describe the development of an interactive 3D visualization software tool that provides an innovative approach for education within graduate nursing. The visualization software provides a framework to enhance the teaching and learning process in graduate nursing pathophysiology utilizing 3D virtual models.
Electrodeposition and characterization of nanocrystalline semiconductor films

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods for electrodepositing semiconductor particles onto a support electrode material or matrix. It reviews the strategies for the electrosynthesis and characterization of semiconductor films. In situ methods for the characterization of these immobilized semiconductor particles are described in this chapter. Focus is given primarily on semiconductors derived from Group 6A (oxygen, sulphur, selenium and tellurium) of the periodic table. Metal chalcogenides have wide ranging applications, including solar cells, xerography, infrared radiation sensors, environmental, and clinical sensors. Electrodeposition offers several features, as a candidate method for the synthesis of chalcogenide semiconductors: (1) it involves relatively simple and inexpensive equipment; (2) films can be fabricated on large and irregular surfaces; (3) the deposition occurs closer to the equilibrium than in many high temperature methods and inter-element diffusion is not a problem; and (4) the process can be rather precisely controlled because of its electrical nature.
Frankfurt Examples, Derivative Responsibility, and the Timing Objection

Source views claim an agent’s moral responsibility for an action is not to be explained primarily by the availability to her of alternative possibilities, but rather by the action’s having a causal history in which she is the source of her action in a specific way. Agent-causal libertarianism is commonly conceived as an incompatibilist position in which an agent can be the source of her action in the way required for moral responsibility, and thus proponents of this view can be, and often are, source incompatibilists. However, one might also be a source incompatibilist and seriously doubt that we have the sort of free will required for moral responsibility, and this is the position I advocate. Contemporary versions of source positions are typically motivated by Frankfurt examples (Frankfurt 1969). In examples of this sort, an agent considers performing some action, but a neuroscientist is concerned that she will not come through. So if she were to manifest an indication that she will not or might not perform the action, neuroscientist would intervene. But as things actually go, the neuroscientist remains idle, since the agent performs the action on her own. The idea is that even though the agent could not have avoided the action she performs, she is still intuitively
Painleve-gullstrand-type Coordinates for the Five-dimensional Myers-Perry Black Hole

The Painleve-Gullstrand coordinates provide a convenient framework for presenting the Schwarzschild geometry because of their flat constant-time hypersurfaces, and the fact that they are free of coordinate singularities outside r=0. Generalizations of Painlev´e-Gullstrand coordinates suitable for the Kerr geometry have been presented by Doran and Nat´ario. These coordinate systems feature a time coordinate identical to the proper time of zero-angular-momentum observers that are dropped from infinity. Here, the methods of Doran and Nat´ario are extended to the five-dimensional rotating black hole found by Myers and Perry. The result is a new formulation of the Myers-Perry metric. The properties and physical significance of these new coordinates are discussed.
Suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium ovis (Pseudotuberculosis).

A 30-year-old previously healthy man developed cervical adenopathy associated with mild constitutional symptoms. Corynebacterium ovis was isolated in pure culture from lymph node tissue on two separate occasions, and small gram positive organisms were identified in both lymph nodes with tissue gram stain. Histopathologically, the nodes displayed suppurative and necrotizing granulomas. Of eight previously reported cases of C. ovis lymphadenitis in man, all but one have involved inhabitants of rural Australia, most of whom had contact with sheep, an animal reservoir of C. ovis. Necrotizing granulomas were usually observed. The patient described was an American urban dweller with a history of raw milk ingestion. We believe this to be the first reported case of C. ovis lymphadenitis from the United States. C. ovis infection should be considered n the differential diagnosis of localized lymphadenitis with necrotizing and/or suppurative granulomas. In evaluation of granulomatous lymphadenitis tissue gram stain should be performed and culture of a diphtheroid organism not readily dismissed.
Outlook for studies of Gamma-Gamma collisions at PEP

A preview of the two-photon physics that can be expected to result from the initial PEP program is presented. The experimental detectors are discussed with emphasis placed on their capabilities and limitations to do studies of gamma-gamma interactions.
The Importance of Clarification of Auditors’ Responsibilities Under the New Audit Reporting Standards

This study examines how two potential changes to the audit report affect jurors’ assessments of auditor liability. We find that simply identifying a CAM (CAM) in the audit report does not significantly affect auditors’ negligence likelihood, but jurors are more likely to find auditors negligent when the CAM paragraph includes a description of the specific audit procedures that the auditor performed to address the identified matter. Further, our results suggest that clarifying the meaning of reasonable assurance in the audit report mitigates the negative unintended consequences of this expanded disclosure and significantly reduces the likelihood that auditors are found negligent. These results are robust to using university students or participants recruited through online platforms as proxies for jurors. These results inform practitioners, standard setters, and academics on how the proposed changes to the audit report affect juror’s decision making and auditors’ ability to defend their work.
Establishing and Maintaining System Linearity

A flow cytometer system transforms a received optical signal into an electrical signal whose amplitude ideally is directly proportional to the optical signal but in practice is at least related in a linear fashion. Establishment and maintenance of system linearity are prerequisites to accurate quantitative measurements. The many potential sources of offsets and nonlinearity are found in all parts of the detection, amplification, and data acquisition systems of a flow instrument. This unit aims to help investigators evaluate performance of the hardware in flow cytometer detection systems.
Complete 3D visualization of primate striosomes by KChIP1 immunostaining.

High resolution 3D reconstruction and morphometric analysis of striosomes was carried out in macaque monkeys using immunocytochemistry for the Kv4 potassium channel subunit, KChIP1, a novel marker. The striosomes form a connected reticulum made up of two distinct planar sheets spanning several millimeters in the putamen, and long finger-like branches in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Although their spatial organization is variable, morphometric analysis of the striosomes, utilizing skeletonizations, reveals several quantitative invariant measures of striosome organization, including: 1) individual bifurcation-free striosome branches are 355±108.5 microns in diameter and 1013±751 microns in length, and are both lognormally distributed, and 2) striosome branches exhibit three pronounced orientation preferences that are approximately orthogonal. The former finding suggests a fundamental anatomical and functional component of the striatum, whereas the latter indicates that striosomes are more lattice-like than their spatial variability suggests. The perceived variable spatial organization of the striosomes in primates belies many invariant features that may reflect striatal function, development, and pathophysiology.
Molecular cloning and in vivo expression of a precursor to rat mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase.

A full length cDNA corresponding to rat aspartate aminotransferase has been cloned and partially sequenced. The presequence has a 93% homology with that of either the pig or mouse precursor. In vivo synthesis of this precursor in E. coli has been demonstrated by Western blotting.
Modular imaging architecture: a modular approach for scalable PC deployment

One of the difficulties a university IT department faces is trying to design and support the image for a multitude of different computer systems. Saint Louis University currently supports more than ten different computer models. Each model has its own drivers that can conflict with the drivers of other models. In addition, trying to keep up with the endless Windows updates and the updates for all the other software needed on an image can prove to be an extremely daunting task, even for highly skilled IT professionals.Members of Saint Louis University's Enterprise Infrastructure Working Group have developed a new imaging architecture that separates the large components of an image into smaller, manageable chunks. Each chunk is its own separate image and is stackable with other images. When these images are assembled together they create what would traditionally be the image deployed to all workstations.By having separate driver images, there is no longer a concern for drivers of different models conflicting; each model can have its own driver image. Having the base operating system as its own image, all of the Windows updates as an image, and all of the enterprise required software as an image, each of these seemingly large components can be managed separately. This Modular Imaging Architecture goes a long way to help improve security by ensuring that every time a machine is imaged, it will always have the most up-to-date versions of enterprise software, Windows updates, and the latest drivers for that system.
A very metal poor H II region in the outer disk of M101

We present new spectroscopic observations of an H II region in the extreme outer disk of the spiral galaxy M101, more than 32 kpc from the nucleus, or 25% farther out than the well-studied giant H II region NGC 5471. From a derived (O III) electron temperature of 13,900 K, we derive log O/H = -4.1, only 10% of the solar value, and smaller than the abundance measured in NGC 5471. Log N/O = -1.49, similar to the values seen in metal-poor dwarf galaxies, while log S/O = -1.74, essentially identical to the solar value, confirming the trend of constant S/O observed in earlier studies. With the inclusion of this new object, the composition gradient in M101 from published spectroscopic observations shows no evidence for either a break in the gradient from 4 to 33 kpc, or a rise in the abundances in the outer parts of the disk.
Algorithms for IR-imagery-based airborne landmine and minefield detection

In this paper we revisit and enhance various algorithms for landmine detection, discrimination and recognition. Single- band and multi-band medium wave infrared (MWIR) image data from the May data collection (part of Lightweight Airborne multispectral Minefield Detection-Interim (LAMBD-I) program) is used for the analysis. In particular discrimination based on gray-scale moments is explored and its effectiveness is evaluated for surface mines under IR imaging using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The discriminatory power of gray-scale moments is compared with the RX and matched fiber based detectors for different terrain (e.g., grass,sand) and different mine types. The performance of single-band (broadband) MWIR imagery is compared with multi- band (short-pass and long-pass) MWIR images. Also direct multi-band detection is compared against fusion of multiple single-band responses. Gray-scale moment based target discrimination at potential target locations, identified by RX or matched fiber detectors, is shown to be computationally efficient and provides better performance in terms of reduced false alarms for comparable probability of detection. An evolutionary framework for minefield identification, in the presence of inevitable false targets, is also presented. Starting from the locations of individual mine targets and false alarms, the evolutionary algorithm is used to identify the underlying structure of the minefield. Issues in the detection of different minefield layouts are discussed. Preliminary implementation shows the promise of this approach in identification of a wide variety of minefields.
Alternative congestion pricing schedules

Abstract It is important that alternative congestion pricing schedules are compared with respect to a broad spectrum of their effects. This paper uses an equilibrium simulation model of peak-period commuting along an urban highway to compare quantitatively both positive and normative effects of six congestion pricing schedules. Three of these schedules have been investigated qualitatively in the literature; the others are new. The results indicate that flat tolls are favored over smoothly varying tolls for revenue generation or increase in vehicle occupancy, but are disfavored for efficiency maximization, increase in consumer surplus, or reduction in congestion delays.
7-Gons and genus three hyperelliptic curves

In this paper, we will give a general but completely elementary description for hyperelliptic curves of genus three whose Jacobian varieties have endomorphisms by the real cyclotomic field \({{\mathbb{Q}} (\zeta_7 + \overline{\zeta}_7)}\). We study the algebraic correspondences on these curves which are lifts of algebraic correspondences on a conic in P2 associated with Poncelet 7-gons. These correspondences induce endomorphisms \({\phi}\) on the Jacobians which satisfy \({\phi^3+\phi^2-2\phi-1=0}\). Moreover, we study Humbert’s modular equations which characterize the curves of genus three having these real multiplications.
Can the Lone Ranger, Molly Bloom, and Emile Durkheim Be Friends?

Bernard Rime effectively reorients emotions and emotional disclosure in a more social and interpersonal direction, outlining the intricate interplay between emotion generation, emotional sharing, and social integration. However, he also takes a hard line on the intra-psychic emphasis of emotional disclosure, which he frames as the product of an individualistic “Lone Ranger” perspective. In many ways Rime's critique is on target, but it does not fully credit research and theory demonstrating the benefits of private, self-to-self disclosure. This commentary proposes a reconciliation between Rime's social structuralist perspective and an intra-psychic, self-based perspective. George Herbert Mead's symbolic interactionism, which suggests that the people can relate to their own selves as with another person, provides the basis for this accord.
Feasibility of a one-dimensional search system☆

Abstract There has been frequent interest in the chemical literature in describing methods for the rapid search of large data collections. Since these collections may contain 10 4 –10 5 entries, any similarity search is difficult. However if one number is assigned to each entry and that number retains all similarity information, then a simple binary search can produce the data collection entries that are most similar to an unknown. This approach is investigated for a file of gas chromatographic liquid phases and for a large set of mass spectra. Obvious limitations occur when the data are multi-dimensional. However indications of multi-dimensional similarity are retained even in the difficult mass spectral example.
Properties of the detached F-type eclipsing binary, BK Pegasi

A misunderstanding of our interpretation of photometry of the detached eclipsing binary, BK Peg, is clarified.
Antagonism between Indoleacetic Acid and Abscisic Acid on a Rapid Phytochrome-mediated Process

THE earliest known physiological response brought about by phytochrome after absorption of red photons is a change in the electrical charge on cell surfaces that causes, in suitable conditions, a fapid attachment of root tips of barley and mung beans to glass charged with phosphates1–4. Far-red irradiation results in detachment of the root tips. I have shown previously that in the presence of greater than 10−8 M indoleacetic acid (IAA), mung bean root tips fail to attach following red irradiation3. This indicates that IAA is able to overcome the influence of phytochrome. I shall show here that in contrast to IAA, abscisic acid (ABA) at very low concentrations causes mung bean root tips to adhere to glass after successive red and far-red irradiation.
Solving the Ginzburg-Landau equations by finite-element methods

We consider finite-element methods for the approximation of solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau equations of superconductivity. The methods are based on a discretization of the Euler-Lagrange equations resulting from the minimization of the free-energy functional. The discretization is effected by requiring the approximate solution to be a piecewise polynomial with respect to a grid. The magnetization versus magnetic field curves obtained through the finite-element methods agree well with analogous calculations obtained by other schemes. We demonstrate, both by analyzing the algorithms and through computational experiments, that finite-element methods can be very effective and efficient means for the computational simulation of superconductivity phenomena and therefore could be applied to determine macroscopic properties of inhomogeneous, anisotropic superconductors.
Localization of Fluorescent Objects Imbedded In Turbid Media In the Presence of Background Fluorescence

We are developing a fluorescence-based photon migration imaging system for use in detecting small tumors in the turbid biological tissue of the breast, brain and other organs.
Community-based data on associations of disease duration and age with severity of essential tremor: implications for disease pathophysiology.

The pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is not well understood, although the tremor often worsens over time. Several processes could contribute, including the inherent worsening of the underlying disease with increasing disease duration and the effects of aging on the nervous system. Our objective was to examine the associations of disease duration and age with tremor severity in ET. Cases were ascertained from a community-based study of ET in northern Manhattan, New York. A neurologist rated tremor severity using a clinical rating scale and assigned a total tremor score (0-36 [maximum]). Analyses were repeated in a sample of cases from a tertiary referral center, the Neurological Institute of New York. There were 55 cases from the community-based study (mean age, 72.1 years, mean disease duration, 13.2 years). Disease duration was associated with the total tremor score (r = 0.30; P = 0.02). Age was associated with the total tremor score (r = 0.30; P = 0.025). In a linear regression analysis the dependent variable was the total tremor score and independent variables were disease duration, age gender. Duration (beta = 0.11; P = 0.02) and age (beta = 0.10; P = 0.02) were independently associated with the total tremor score. Results were similar in 79 ET cases from the Neurological Institute. Disease duration and age were independently associated with tremor severity in ET. This suggests that the reported increase in tremor severity may be related to the inherent worsening of the disease with increasing duration that this is independent of age and age-related processes like neuronal attrition and change in tremor frequency.