cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Freeway traffic data prediction using neural networks

A multi-layer perceptron type of artificial neural network predicts congested freeway data while demonstrating robustness to faulty loop detector data. Test results on historical data from the I-5 freeway in Seattle, Washington demonstrate that a neural network can successfully predict volume and occupancy one minute in advance, as well as fill in the gaps for missing data with an appropriate prediction. The volume and occupancy predictions are used as inputs to a fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm currently under testing.
Childhood Overweight and Obesity

Childhood overweight and obesity are increasing in prevalence and are a growing health concern. The diseases and their comorbidities have devastating consequences to children and adults as well as families, communities, and the nation. Comorbidities are cardiorespiratory, endocrinologic, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and psychosocial. Health care providers are facing this crisis with limited medical, community, and federal resources and insufficient reimbursement. This article reviews recent trends in the assessment and treatment of this disease as well as trends in reimbursement, financial implications, and the need for further research and advocacy.
A Spectrogram‐Based Method of Rg Detection for Explosion Monitoring

Abstract The detection of the high‐frequency fundamental‐mode Rayleigh‐wave Rg is important for explosion monitoring efforts because it indicates a shallow source, which is most often man‐made. We developed an automated Rg detector that successfully identifies Rg using the spectrogram of the seismic signal to find peaks in the characteristic Rg frequency band. We tested the detector using a network of over 200 seismometers in Wyoming, which recorded dozens of nearby coal‐mining blasts and active‐source tamped borehole shots. The detector finds peaks in the summed spectrogram amplitudes from 0.4 to 0.8 Hz for mining blasts and from 0.8 to 1.5 Hz for borehole shots. We achieved successful Rg detection of mining blasts across the entire array for the largest blasts, though smaller blasts had less success at distant stations, due to low signal amplitude. Similarly, Rg detection from borehole shots was successful at distances Finally, we compared our method with an existing Rg detection method based on finding retrograde particle motion, typical of Rg , in signal coming from the known source–receiver back azimuth. In our application, the detector worked well for more distant stations but failed at stations within the same basin as the source, where Rg has prograde particle motion. The two detectors are fundamentally different; the new detector is easier to automate but depends on Rg having larger amplitude than the pre‐ Rg time window, whereas the existing detector triggers based on the particle motion and the direction of arrival, independent of the amplitude. The new method, perhaps in conjunction with the existing method, can offer increased monitoring capability and higher confidence when detecting Rg . Electronic Supplement: Tables of source information and figures of example detection.
A Multiscale Retinex for Color Rendition and Dynamic Range Compression

The human vision system performs the tasks of dynamic range compression and color constancy almost effortlessly. The same tasks pose a very challenging problem for imaging systems whose dynamic range is restricted by either the dynamic response of film, in case of analog cameras, or by the analog-to-digital converters, in the case of digital cameras. The images thus formed are unable to encompass the wide dynamic range present in most natural scenes (often < 500:1). Whereas the human visual system is quite tolerant to spectral changes in lighting conditions, these strongly affect both the film response for analog cameras and the filter responses for digital cameras, leading to incorrect color formulation in the acquired image. Our multiscale retinex, based in part on Edwin Land''s work on color constancy, provides a fast, simple, and automatic technique for simultaneous dynamic range compression and accurate color rendition. The retinex algorithm is non-linear, and global---output at a point is also a function of its surround---in extent. A comparison with conventional dynamic range compression techniques such as the application of point non-linearities, e.g. log(x,y), and global histogram equalization and/or modification shows that the multiscale retinex simultaneously provides the best dynamic range compression and color rendition. The applications of such an algorithm are many; from medical imaging to remote sensing; and from commercial photography to color transmission.
Chopin's Rogue Pitches: Artifice, Personification, and the Cult of the Dandy in Three Later Mazurkas

Abstract Among Chopin9s numerous musical identities is that of an important mid-nineteenth-century social type, the dandy: the young man of fashion characterized by a devotion to artifice and a fractious political energy masked by elegant mannerisms. This article seeks to ground the aesthetic of three of Chopin9s later Mazurkas (the op. 59 set) in the cult of the dandy, especially as described by Charles Baudelaire; to identify the musical means Chopin devised to realize that aesthetic, namely the “rogue pitches” of my title; and to illustrate how these rogue pitches and the persona of the dandy inflect Chopin9s later style.
CRT-100.48 High Bleeding Risk Influences The Type of Stent Used in Patients Presetting with Acute Coronary Syndrome

High bleed risk (HBR) population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with Drug eluting stents (DES) treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) are at increased risk of bleeding. We sought to study the effect of HBR on the likelihood of receiving drug-eluting stent (DES). Patients
Preference learning with extreme examples

In this paper, we consider a general problem of semi-supervised preference learning, in which we assume that we have the information of the extreme cases and some ordered constraints, our goal is to learn the unknown preferences of the other places. Taking the potential housing place selection problem as an example, we have many candidate places together with their associated information (e.g., position, environment), and we know some extreme examples (i.e. several places are perfect for building a house, and several places are the worst that cannot build a house there), and we know some partially ordered constraints (i.e. for two places, which place is better), then how can we judge the preference of one potential place whose preference is unknown beforehand? We propose a Bayesian framework based on Gaussian process to tackle this problem, from which we not only solve for the unknown preferences, but also the hyperparameters contained in our model.
Alternate dosing regimens of brentuximab vedotin for CD30+ cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma

Stranzenbach et al. propose alternate dosing regimens of brentuximab vedotin (BV) for CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) such as mycosis fungoides (MF) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL).1 They emphasize that lower doses or less frequent dosing schedules for CTCL may be equally effective while limiting adverse events. The authors indicate that CTCLs may require less aggressive therapy than systemic lymphomas such as systemic ALCL (sALCL) or Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Modeling and control of a sodium conversion process applied to nuclear decommissioning activities

Production of sodium hydroxide has been an important process in the chemical industry. Sodium hydroxide can be derived in several ways. One way in particular is based on combining liquid sodium with water in a caustic medium. This reaction has appeared in the nuclear industry as an important process in current decommissioning activities for liquid-metal nuclear reactors. The significance is explained as follows. Liquid-metal reactors often use liquid sodium as a heat transfer medium. Being radioactive and chemically reactive, this sodium is a mixed waste that must be processed before disposal. An accepted solution is to convert the radioactive liquid sodium to sodium carbonate, a chemically inert low-level waste suitable for near-surface burial. The conversion can be carried out in two independent processes. A first process converts sodium to sodium hydroxide. A second process converts the resulting caustic product to sodium carbonate. The former process is addressed, i.e., the chemical process of combining sodium with water in a caustic medium to produce additional sodium hydroxide. Because of the particular dynamics, characterizing this chemical process is important to predict plant behavior to control actions, disturbances, and upsetting conditions. To this end, the describing formulations of this conversion are derived in amore » particular physical assembly. Based on the resulting description, a computer model was developed from mass and energy balance equations, swelling predictions, and hydraulic relationships present in the system. The model was then used to synthesize a simple control strategy and to analyze its performance. In particular, the control algorithms that regulate the sodium, water, and caustic flows are discussed. The controllers were then validated by computer simulations, and some plant responses are presented.« less
Garbled Circuits via Structured Encryption

The garbled circuit technique transforms a circuit in such a way that it can be evaluated on encrypted inputs. Garbled circuits were originally introduced by Yao (FOCS ’86) for the purpose of secure two-party computation but have since found many applications.
Enhancing Accessibility and Engagement for Those with Disabilities

Pervasive computing technology can enhance quality of life for those with disabilities by providing access to timely information and helping them to navigate their environment independently. Three research projects focusing on different impairments demonstrate the importance of including target users in the design and implementation of an accessibility system.
High-speed 3D shape measurement with structured light methods: A review

Abstract High-speed 3D shape measurement (or imaging) has seen tremendous growths over the past decades, especially the past few years due to the improved speed of computing devices and reduced costs of hardware components. 3D shape measurement technologies have started penetrating more into our daily lives than ever before with the recent release of iPhone X that has an built-in 3D sensor for Face ID, along with prior commercial success of inexpensive commercial sensors (e.g., Microsoft Kinect). This paper overviews the primary state-of-the-art 3D shape measurement techniques based on structured light methods, especially those that could achieve high measurement speed and accuracy. The fundamental principles behind those technologies will be elucidated, experimental results will be presented to demonstrate capabilities and/or limitations for those popular techniques, and finally present our perspectives on those remaining challenges to be conquered to make advanced 3D shape measurement techniques ubiquitous.
The Influence of Microbiota on Gastrointestinal Motility

In recent years there has been a significant advancement in the role of gut microbiota in regulating gastrointestinal motility. The bidirectional cross talk between the host and gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Intestinal dysbiosis or alteration in the composition of intestinal microbiota can result in impaired host intestinal permeability, immune response, and metabolism, leading to a proinflammatory state. In this review, we focus on the role of the gut microbiome in regulating gastrointestinal motility and shaping the enteric nervous system. We highlight the mechanisms of microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal motility. Several host factors such as diet and genetic predisposition can influence the gut microbial diversity and ultimately contribute to dysbiosis. Intestinal dysbiosis can contribute to the pathophysiology of disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Manipulation of the gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of motility disorders. Modification of gut microbiota through diet, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are all promising strategies for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders that are currently under investigation.
Hardware Trojan Detection Using ATPG and Model Checking

The threat of hardware Trojans' existence in inte-gratedcircuits has become a major concern in System-on-Chip (SoC) design industry as well as in military/defense organizations. There is an increased emphasis on finding effective ways to detect and activate hardware Trojans in current research efforts. However, state-of-the-art approaches suffer from the lack of completeness and scalability. Moreover, most of the existing methods cannot generate efficient tests to activate the potential hidden Trojan. In this paper, we propose an effective test generation approach which is capable of activating malicious functionality hidden in large sequential designs. Automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) works well on full-scan designs, whereas model checking is suitable for logic blocks without scan chain. Due to overhead considerations, partial-scan chain insertion is the standard practice today. Unfortunately, neither ATPG nor model checking is suitable for partial-scan designs. Our proposed hardware Trojan detection technique utilizes the combination of ATPG and model checking approaches. We use model checking on a subset of non-scan elements and ATPG on scan elements to avoid common pitfalls of running the original design using any one of these techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of tests generated by our proposed approach to detect Trojans on Trust-hub benchmarks.
3-{5-Bromo-2-[(tri-phenyl-phosphanyl-idene)amino]-phen-yl}-4,5-di-hydro-1,2,3-oxa-diazol-3-ylium-5-olate.

In general, sydnone compounds are synthesized with an aromatic substituent at the N-3 position and this feature adds to the stability of the mesoionic five-membered heterocyclic ring. In the title compound, C26H19BrN3O2P, the aromatic substitutent is tri­phenyl­phosphine 4-bromo­phenyl­imide. The dihedral angle between the planes of the sydnone and the attached phenyl ring is 45.98 (7)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules packed as pairs in which the sydnone rings lie in parallel planes separated by 0.849 A and sandwiched between two parallel phenyl rings. The mol­ecules inter­act through cyclic C—H⋯O=C hydrogen bonds.
Feeder Space Availability and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles Inclusion Level Interaction on Grow-finish Pig Performance and Total Tract Digestibility in a Commercial Setting

Two studies were carried out on the same group of pigs within a commercial wean-finish system. For the nursery phase, a completely randomized design was used to compare 3 feeder space allowance treatments (2.1, 2.5, 2.9 cm/pig). Pigs (n = 3,720) were randomly allotted to same sex pens (10 feeders/ treatment) of 62 pigs/pen. Thirty 7-hole double sided feeders were utilized in the study. All pigs had equal floor space (0.85m²/pig). In the grow-finish phase, a total of 60 pens (n = 1,860 pigs; 31 pigs/pen) were utilized in a 2 х 3 factorial design with 3 feeder space allowances (4.1, 4.9, or 5.7 cm/pig) and 2 dietary DDGS treatments (D30 or D60). Fecal and diet samples were collected and analyzed to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD %) and energy content. In the nursery portion of the trial, there was no effect of feeder space treatment on ADG, ADFI, or feed efficiency (P > 0.05) from weaning to d 56 post-weaning or during any weigh period. In the grow-finish portion of the trial, feeder space allowance and DDGS inclusion level did not affect ADG, ADFI, or feed efficiency (P > 0.05) from d 57 post-weaning to market. Pigs fed the D30 diet had greater HCW, percent yield, and loin depth than those on the D60 diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed D30 DDGS treatment had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD for DM and GE for both collection periods compared to those on the D60 DDGS treatment. Energy content of the D30 diet was greater (P < 0.05) than the D60 diet during collection 1, but was lower (P < 0.05) for collection period 2. Neither feeder allowance nor DDGS inclusion level affected outcomes, but in the final phase indications of inadequate feeder space was observed.
International Fisheries and Climate Change

There is substantial scientific literature on the impacts of climate on fishery resources including productivity, habitat, distribution, and yield implications. Some of the climatic impacts that contribute to the vulnerability of fisheries include sea level rise, warming ocean temperatures, and increasingly acidic waters. Some fisheries will be dislocated, but new opportunities in other areas are likely to occur. There are a range of difficult challenges to fishery management and sustainability that will result. The immediate implementation of a precautionary approach to fishery management is needed, because while it is certain that there will be climatic impacts, the time course of change and resulting impacts are highly uncertain.
Facility Quality Measurement as the Engine of Continuous Product and Process Improvement in the AEC/EPC Industry

This article demonstrates a method for measuring facility quality and for using these measured data to adjust the facility development process so that it produces increasingly higher-quality facilities. The plant manager's satisfaction with the operatio..
HIGH RISK STUDIES IN AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

ABSTRACT Several biological markers have been studied in depressed patients. Whereas some of these studies support an association of a marker with the depressed state, no trait markers for depression have as yet been developed which would provide a biological basis for high risk studies.
Fair market rent and the distribution of rents in Los Angeles

Abstract A unique data source is used to analyze the effect of the fair market rent (FMR) on the distribution of apartment rents in Los Angeles for 2007–2015. The data set includes the results of semi-annual surveys of rents in Los Angeles since 2007. The surveys include information on location, characteristics of the property, and a rating of the overall quality of the building exterior. Histograms suggest there is a tendency for rents to cluster at values around the FMR, particularly for small (studio and 1 bedroom) units. We also estimate a model explaining the probability that a unit's rent lies in a set of intervals, including regions just below and just above the FMR. The estimates suggest that the probability that the rent clusters around the FMR is significantly higher than would be expected given the underlying characteristics of the properties. An analysis of changes in rents over time suggests that the tendency for rents to cluster in the region just above the FMR is persistent for individual properties over time.
Metamorphism in the U.S. Appalachians—Overview and Implications

The metamorphic map of the U.S. Appalachians compiled as a part of IGCP Project 27 reveals an intricate pattern of variation in metamorphic grade, reflecting regional differences in depth of erosion and heat input, modified by late faulting. The effect of faulting is particularly clear in the Southern Appalachians: a series of major faults carry the amphibolite facies rocks of the Blue Ridge 100 km or more to the west over greenschist facies rocks, now exposed in the Grandfather Mountain Window; the Brevard Zone forms a nearly linear belt of low-grade rocks marking the western boundary of the Piedmont; and the Goat Rock and Towaliga faults combine to carry a major sheet of Piedmont rocks over basement rocks exposed in the Pine Mountain Window. In the northern Appalachians the effects of faulting are subtler but still present: near the Vermont — New Hampshire boundary the Ammonoosuc listric normal fault is associated with a pronounced belt of low-grade rocks; in eastern Massachusetts the Clinton — Newberry fault zone marks a major metamorphic gradient; and near the Maine coast the Norumbega fault zone telescopes metamorphic zonation.
Gecko Adhesion in Space and Time: A Phylogenetic Perspective on the Scansorial Success Story

An evolutionary perspective on gecko adhesion was previously hampered by a lack of an explicit phylogeny for the group and of robust comparative methods to study trait evolution, an underappreciation for the taxonomic and structural diversity of geckos, and a dearth of fossil evidence bearing directly on the origin of the scansorial apparatus. With a multigene dataset as the basis for a comprehensive gekkotan phylogeny, model-based methods have recently been employed to estimate the number of unique derivations of the adhesive system and its role in lineage diversification. Evidence points to a single basal origin of the spinulate oberhautchen layer of the epidermis, which is a necessary precursor for the subsequent elaboration of a functional adhesive mechanism in geckos. However, multiple gains and losses are implicated for the elaborated setae that are necessary for adhesion via van der Waals forces. The well-supported phylogeny of gekkotans has demonstrated that convergence and parallelism in digital design are even more prevalent than previously believed. It also permits the reexamination of previously collected morphological data in an explicitly evolutionary context. Both time-calibrated trees and recently discovered amber fossils that preserve gecko toepads suggest that a fully-functional adhesive apparatus was not only present, but also represented by diverse architectures, by the mid-Cretaceous. Further characterization and phylogenetically-informed analyses of the other components of the adhesive system (muscles, tendons, blood sinuses, etc.) will permit a more comprehensive reconstruction of the evolutionary pathway(s) by which geckos have achieved their structural and taxonomic diversity. A phylogenetic perspective can meaningfully inform functional and performance studies of gecko adhesion and locomotion and can contribute to advances in bioinspired materials.
Layers of Discourse in Preschool Block Play: An Examination of Children’s Social Interactions

Mikhail Bakhtin’s philosophical orientation concerning dialogism offers a challenge to contemporary play theory. This study demonstrates the benefits of a Bakhtinian analysis of double voicing in early childhood programs. Bakhtin’s notion of dialogism, specifically Bakhtin’s ideas on genre and utterance, has received less attention in the analysis of play. Bakhtin’s conceptualization extends the notion of genre to all spoken utterances in play activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the existence of Bakhtin’s typology of double voicing with preschool children as they talked and built structures with unit blocks. Bakhtin identified three basic varieties of double voice discourse: (a) unidirectional, (b) vari-directional, and (c) active discourse. The investigation took place in a preschool classroom that encourages a playful curriculum. Drawing on videotaped preschool classroom examples, preschoolers’ use of double voicing in the context of block play was analyzed. The data found the two types of passive double voicing: (a) unidirectional and (b) vari-directional, as well as active categories of hidden dialogicality, parody, and skaz. Bakhtin’s view of language acquisition is discussed by only a handful of early childhood play scholars, and this article suggests early childhood professionals use Mikhail Bakhtin’s double voicing typologies in classroom as a contemporary view for framing early childhood socialization and discourse.
Teaching and research as blurred translating

Through a form of currere , this essay traces the author’s journey to conceptualize her teaching and qualitative educational research as “blurred translating.” Practices of blurred translating are in motion and unfinished (hence, blurred) attempts to move and speak across and between languages and lives, words and worlds. These internal and inter-personal practices foster understanding across languages, identities, knowledges, and voices while acknowledging power and positionality. Drawing on stories, essays, research literature, poetry, and language and translation theories, the author argues for the relevance of this concept in an era of standardized curriculum and for those with social justice commitments. Both a responsibility and an impossibility, the messy risk of the practice of “blurred translating” engages us with a multiplicity of worlds and words as we work in relationship in the entanglement of lives, learning spaces, and research.
Comparison of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts and de novo myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts

Abstract Presence of RS is closely associated with SF3B1 mutation in de novo MDS. RS is also present in a subset of therapy-related MDS (t-MDS), but data is not available in t-MDS with RS (t-MDS-RS). Using NGS gene panel, we assessed t-MDS-RS (n = 38) and compared the result with d-MDS-RS (n = 174). Commonly mutated genes were TP53 (56.5%), TET2 (39.1%), SF3B1 (35.7%), ASXL1 (30.4%), DNMT3A (17.4%), RUNX1 (17.4%) and SRSF2 (14.3%). Compared with d-MDS-RS, TP53 mutation was more common but SF3B1 mutation was less common in t-MDS-RS (p
Go That Way: Exploring Supplementary Physical Movements by a Stationary Robot When Providing Navigation Instructions

We describe an exploration of how kiosk-type stationary robots might provide navigation instructions for blind people. Inspired by a technique used by Orientation & Mobility experts in which a route is traced out on a person's palm, we developed five methods that supplement verbal instructions with physical movements. We explored the usability, strengths, and limitations of each of our methods in two exploratory studies with blind participants. One method, in which the robot used its entire arm to create path gestures while participants held its gripper, was preferred by 5 out of 8 blind participants and performed comparably on a recall task as a verbal-only instruction method. A closer approximation of the original palm method failed. We analyzed interview data to understand the reasons behind the failures and successes. We discuss the lessons learned from our studies about instruction methods, how robots in public settings can be useful for blind people, and the challenges of deploying such systems in public.
Novel ELANE Gene Mutation in a Newborn with Severe Congenital Neutropenia: Case Report and Literature Review.

Severe neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of less than 0.5 × 109/L. Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is an inborn disorder with maturation arrest of granulocytes due to various genetic abnormalities, which may lead to immunodeficiency. Among several associated genetic mutations, the variants or heterozygous mutations of the ELANE gene coding neutrophil elastase comprise approximately 50% of the genetic causes of SCN. We present a newborn (male) with severe neutropenia due to a novel ELANE gene mutation. The newborn was born at 386/7 weeks gestation to a 25-year-old mother with hypertension and morbid obesity. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated but the baby obtained a complete blood count (CBC) on day of life 2 for a work up of hyperbilirubinemia. He was noted to initially have an ANC of 0.2 × 109/L and 0 on subsequent blood counts. A bone marrow biopsy showed a left shift and consistent with myeloid maturation arrest. In direct DNA sequencing analysis, we found an ELANE gene mutation (Val119Glu, V119E), which may be a new gene mutation to cause SCN. The diagnosis of SCN in newborns is usually based on neutropenia identified on a routine CBC. Sufficient awareness and high suspicion of this rare disease can prevent missed or delayed diagnosis of SCN. Our analysis also suggests a new pathological mutation in the ELANE gene and supports the important role of molecular testing in SCN.
Health-related quality of life in renal stone formers: are we improving?

Purpose of review Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional construct measuring how disease impacts one's life. In the context of nephrolithiasis this is particularly relevant given the active and quiescent phases of the disease which may not correlate with the traditional index of stone free status. Several instruments are now available to objectively measure HRQOL in this population, including the first disease-specific instrument. Therefore, an overview of emerging data on HRQOL is provided that reviews the availability of these tools/instruments and emphasizes patient-centered care and research. Recent findings The common generic instruments used to measure HRQOL in any population (36-Item Short Form health survey and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) and the only disease-specific instrument developed to measure HRQOL in nephrolithiasis (Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire) are described. Emerging evidence suggests that age and sex influence renal stone formers perception of their HRQOL across a range of dimensions. Several other factors also appear to play a role, such as socioeconomic status, but these have yet to be validated in more than one study or population, and postoperative outcomes measured in terms of HRQOL are almost absent from the literature. Summary Physician-centric outcomes, such as stone status, are no longer the only objective and acceptable measures by which to understand the natural history of nephrolithiasis. Patient-centered approaches through the use of HRQOL are slowly emerging in research and clinical care alike. However, they remain largely in their infancy in these spheres.
Liver Transplant Survivorship

For both children and adults with end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation represents a lifelong treatment, not a cure. The physical and psychological process of undergoing transplantation begins well before the surgery itself. Concerns regarding suffering and death from end-stage liver disease are replaced by a lifelong need for multiple medications, ongoing monitoring of graft function, and heightened vigilance for complications related not only to the transplant itself but to longterm immunosuppression. The psychological toll from the entire transplant experience on the patient and caregivers, as well as the strain that such a major treatment places on these human interactions can leave emotional scars that persist longer than the surgical healing process itself. The concept of survivorship, originally applied to patients with cancer, acknowledges the ongoing spectrum of care and support that patients and their caregivers require to optimize longterm outcomes after serious medical treatment. Transplant survivorship would expand the focus of care of a patient with end-stage liver disease beyond disease-specific issues and survival alone. This viewpoint explores the need for such a construct in the field of liver transplantation to promote a more holistic approach that encompasses the overall physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being of the liver transplant patient.
Large-scale computational recovery of 3D refractive-index in multiple-scattering biology

We present a computational imaging pipeline implementing a multiple scattering algorithm with cloud computing, to recover a complex object’s 3D refractive index. Preliminary results show promise in 3D visualization of a Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) embryo.
Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting

How do stigmatized minorities advance agendas when confronted with hostile majorities? Elite theories of influence posit marginal groups exert little power. I propose the concept of agenda seeding to describe how activists use methods like disruption to capture the attention of media and overcome political asymmetries. Further, I hypothesize protest tactics influence how news organizations frame demands. Evaluating black-led protests between 1960 and 1972, I find nonviolent activism, particularly when met with state or vigilante repression, drove media coverage, framing, congressional speech, and public opinion on civil rights. Counties proximate to nonviolent protests saw presidential Democratic vote share increase 1.6–2.5%. Protester-initiated violence, by contrast, helped move news agendas, frames, elite discourse, and public concern toward “social control.” In 1968, using rainfall as an instrument, I find violent protests likely caused a 1.5–7.9% shift among whites toward Republicans and tipped the election. Elites may dominate political communication but hold no monopoly.
Can the Different Cerebral Hemispheres Have Distinct Personalities?: Evidence and Its Implications for Theory and Treatment of PTSD and Other Disorders

Abstract The author presents an evidence-based psychological theory which is derived from clinical observations, a review of the literature, especially the split-brain literature, and experimentation with lateral visual field stimulation which has been found to induce changes in patients' cognitive and emotional status thought to be associated with the relative activation of one cerebral hemisphere or the other. The evidence from lateral visual field stimulation suggests that often each hemisphere can have distinct psychological perspectives differing especially in their level of neuroticism with one visual field evoking a more immature perspective than the other. One of the central tenets of the hypothesis is that psychological traumas are associated more with one cerebral hemisphere and than the other, and that the ultimate aim of psychiatric care then becomes the teaching of the mental entity associated with this troubled hemisphere that it is now safer and more valued than it had been at the time of t...
Synthesis of LiNiO2 at Moderate Oxygen Pressure and Long-Term Cyclability in Lithium-Ion Full Cells

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles necessitates higher-energy-density and longer-life cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. LiNiO2 offers a higher energy density at a lower cost than other high-Ni-content cathodes containing additional transition-metal ions. However, detrimental phase transformations and impedance growth, resulting from structural defects formed during synthesis, lead to poor cyclability and limit the practical viability of LiNiO2. Herein, we demonstrate a considerably improved cycle life for LiNiO2 by synthesizing it under a pressurized oxygen environment. The capacity retention in pouch-type full cells with a graphite anode after 1000 cycles is increased from 59 to 76% by applying a mere 1.7 atm of oxygen pressure during the synthesis of LiNiO2. With iodometric titration and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis, we provide clear evidence that oxygen pressure during synthesis reduces the occurrence of lattice oxygen vacancies and increases the content of Ni3+ in LiNiO2, improving its structural integrity and cyclability. Post-mortem analysis of the cycled cathodes provides insights into the sources of degradation occurring during long-term cycling. This work demonstrates a practically viable, synthetic approach combined with doping and coating to achieve improved performance with high-Ni layered oxide materials. Furthermore, this work represents the first report of extended cycling of LiNiO2 in pouch full cells with graphite anode and will, therefore, serves as an important benchmark for future research on LiNiO2.
3D moving mesh simulations of Galactic center cloud G2

Using three-dimensional, moving-mesh simulations, we investigate the future evolution of the recently discovered gas cloud G2 traveling through the galactic center. From our simulations we expect an average feeding rate onto Sgr A* in the range of (5−19) × 10−8M⊙ yr−1 beginning in 2014. This accretion varies by less than a factor of three on timescales ∼ 1 month, and shows no more than a factor of 10 difference between the maximum and minimum observed rates within any given model. These rates are comparable to the current estimated accretion rate in the immediate vicinity of Sgr A*, although they represent only a small (< 10%) increase over the current expected feeding rate at the effective inner boundary of our simulations (racc = 750 RS ∼ 1015 cm). We also explore multiple possible equations of state to describe the gas. In examining the Br-γ light curves produced from our simulations, we find that all of our isothermal models predict significant (factor of 10) enhancements in the luminosity of G2 as it approaches pericenter, in conflict with observations. Models that instead allow the cloud to heat as it is compressed do better at matching observations.
MESMO 3: Flexible phytoplankton stoichiometry and refractory DOM

Abstract. We describe the third version of Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 3), an earth system model of intermediate complexity, with a dynamical ocean, a dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice, and an energy moisture balanced atmosphere. A major feature of Version 3 is the flexible C : N : P ratio for the three phytoplankton functional types represented in the model. The flexible stoichiometry is based on the power law formulation with environmental dependence on phosphate, nitrate, temperature, and light. Other new features include nitrogen fixation, water column denitrification, oxygen and temperature-dependent organic matter remineralization, and CaCO3 production based on the concept of the residual nitrate potential growth. Also, we describe the semi-labile and refractory dissolved organic pools of C, N, P, and Fe that can be enabled in MEMSO 3 as an optional feature. The refractory dissolved organic matter can be degraded by photodegradation at the surface and hydrothermal vent degradation at the bottom. These improvements provide a basis for using MESMO 3 in further investigations of the global marine carbon cycle to changes in the environmental conditions of the past, present, and future.
Neutrophil Emigration in the Lungs

Neutrophil emigration into the lung occurs in response to inflammatory mediators in the interstitium and the airspace. Emigration through the pulmonary microvasculature occurs through two pathways, one that requires CD11/CD18 and ICAM-1 and one that does not: Which pathway is utilized is determined by the stimulus. The ability of a stimulus to upregulate ICAM-1 by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha appears to determine the selection of the CD11/CD18, ICAM-1, ICAM-1-dependent pathway Recently, a third pathway has been identified that requires CD11/CD18 but not ICAM-1. The ligand for this pathway, as well as the ligands for CD11/CD18, ICAM-1-independent adhesion have not been identified. During recurrent pneumonia, the adhesion molecules required for emigration are different than those utilize during acute inflammation in previously normal lung tissue. For example, studies investigating the role of CD11/CD18 in recurrent pneumonia induced by P. aeruginosa, a stimulus which elicits CD11/CD18-dependent emigration initially, showed that when the organisms are instilled at the same site 7 days after the initial instillation, most emigration occurs through CD11/CD18-independent mechanisms. These studies suggest that when an acute stimulus is placed at a site of resolving inflammation, new pathways of adhesion are recruited. Whether these molecules are the same ones mediating acute CD11/CD18-independent adhesion remains to be determined. In summary, neutrophil emigration in the lung can occur through several adhesion pathways, which pathway is utilized can change during the inflammatory process, and cytokines participate in the selection of the pathway.
Making Mountains out of Molehills: Moving from Single Gene to Pathway Based Models of Colon Cancer Progression

Single gene models of progression development of colorectal cancer have strongly implicated a few genes, KRAS, TP53, and APC in tumorigenesis. These genes can be considered gene mountains in that the seem to be mutated across most individuals. In addition our knowledge of these mutations has not to date been successfully translated to new treatments. Studies indicate other genes are implicated in tumorigenesis however with great variability across individuals and across stages of the disease, these are considered as gene hills. We extend the single gene model of Fearon and Vogelstein for the progression of colorectal cancer to a model based on pathways or sets of genes. The advantage of this approach is that the gene hills become organized into pathway mountains that are deregulated more consistently across individuals. In addition our approach allows for the inference of which pathways are important to either specific transitions between stages or over multiple stages in disease progression. We match many of the main results of the single gene model and were able to infer pathways less associated with colorectal progression that have therapeutic potential such as the SHH, PDGF, and Gleevec pathways. In addition our analysis suggests at what stage of progression targeting these pathways would be most efficacious. We present a novel model of colorectal cancer progression on the pathway level and identify potential drug treatments at various histological stages. We believe our approach in developing this model is general and can be applied to other complex traits.
Triple Therapy with Scopolamine, Ondansetron, and Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Moderate to High-Risk Patients Undergoing Craniotomy Under General Anesthesia: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complaints from patients and clinicians after a surgical procedure. According to the current Society of Ambulatory Anesthesia Consensus Guidelines, the general incidence of vomiting and nausea is around 30% and 50% respectively; and up to 80% in high risk patients. In previous studies, the reported incidence of PONV at 24 hours after craniotomy was 43%-70%. The transdermal scopolamine delivery system contains a 1.5 mg drug reservoir, which is designed to deliver a continuous slow release of scopolamine through intact skin during the first 72 hours of patch application. Therefore, we designed this single arm, non-randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of triple therapy with scopolamine, ondansetron and dexamethasone to prevent PONV. Materials and methods: In the preoperative area, subjects received an active TDS 1.5 mg that was applied to a hairless patch of skin in the mastoid area approximately 2 hours prior to the operation. Immediately after anesthesia induction, all patients received a single 4 mg dose of ondansetron IV and a single 10 mg dose of dexamethasone IV. Patients that experienced nausea and/or vomiting received ondansetron 4 mg IV as the initial rescue medication. Results: A total of 36 subjects were analyzed. The overall incidence of PONV during the first 24 hours after neurological surgery was 33% (n=12). The incidence of nausea and emesis during the first 24 hours after surgery was recorded as 33% (n=12) and 16% (n=6) respectively. Conclusion: Our data also showed that this triple therapy regimen may be an efficient alternative regimen for PONV prophylaxis in patients undergoing neurological surgery with general anesthesia. Further studies using regimens affecting different receptor pathways should be performed to better prove the efficacy in preventing PONV or delayed PONV.
Experimental progress on a prototype multifrequency recirculating planar magnetron

The Multi-Frequency Recirculating Planar Magnetron (MFRPM) is a variant of the Recirculating Planar Magnetron, a crossed-field, high power microwave source1. The MFRPM integrates the same advantages over traditional cylindrical cavity magnetrons as UM's original RPM with the added benefit of producing multiple frequencies using a single HPM device. Previous research involved the design and fabrication of the MFRPM-6+8, a prototype MFRPM consisting of a 6-cavity 1-GHz slow-wave structure (SWS) and an 8-cavity 2-GHz SWS. Experiments have successfully demonstrated simultaneous dual-frequency oscillations in the unloaded MFRPM-6+8 prototype driven by the Michigan Electron Long Beam Accelerator with a Ceramic insulator (MELBA-C) using a −300kV, 0.3–1.0 μs pulse applied to the cathode.
Tree planting in the south: what does the future hold.

Projected increasing demands for timber coupled with reduced harvests on public lands have led to concern among some forest policymakers regarding the adequacy of future U.S. timber supplies. One question concerns the likelihood that prevailing market incentives will induce industrial and nonindustrial private landowners to intensify forest management.
The National Right to Counsel Act: A Congressional Solution to the Nation's Indigent Defense Crisis

For decades, scholars and practitioners have criticized the deplorable quality of legal representation available to poor criminal defendants across the country. Yet states continue to give short shrift to the constitutional rights of poor defendants. This article proposes a new piece of federal legislation designed to ameliorate the chronic inadequacies of public defense systems, while respecting federalism and leaving in tact the states’ ability to devise and implement appropriate public defense systems. The centerpiece of this proposed legislation is a cause of action in federal court that allows indigent defendants to seek equitable relief for systemic Sixth Amendment violations on a prospective basis. This paper proceeds in three parts. In Part I, I document the ongoing national crisis in public defense services and make the case for why Congress should tackle this crisis. The habeas system, currently the primary relief valve to police Sixth Amendment violations, simply is not set up for the task of vindicating the right to counsel. In Part II, I set forth the text of the proposed statute and address the mechanics of the statute in practice. In particular, I deal with the issues of who may sue and be sued under the statute; what constitutes a cognizable claim under the statute; and what a judicial remedy under the statute may look like given the abstention and separation-of-powers concerns in play. In Part III, I anticipate the reactions of two different camps: those readers who question the practical viability of this proposal and those who advocate alternative reform measures. I argue that Congress can enact this legislation pursuant to its civil rights enforcement authority and that there are reasons to be optimistic about its passage and its survival under judicial scrutiny. Finally, I conclude by reiterating a point that I have made in earlier works: systemic challenges to public defense systems require a federal forum. This legislation is designed to pave the way for such a forum, and even if Congress chooses not to pursue the path I describe herein, the federal government should continue to explore ways to bring such suits in federal court.
Characterization of hamster liver nicotine metabolism. I: Relative rates of microsomal C and N oxidation

Abstract A high pressure liquid Chromatographie procedure has been developed for the determination of the two principal N- and C-oxidation products of nicotine in hamster liver subcellular fractions. Advantage was taken of the fact that cyanide ion forms a stable adduct with the microsomal metabolite that is the precursor of cotinine. The rate and extent as well as the sensitivity of inhibition were similar for cotinine, the 5'-cyanonicot;ne adduct, and an as yet unidentified microsomal metabolite which is presumed to be the initial microsomal metabolite on the pathway to cotinine formation. The rates of nicotine- N '-oxidase and nicotine-5'-hydroxylase activities exhibited differential response to inhibitors as well as differential susceptibility to proteolytic digestion. Data are presented which indicate that low levels of nornicotine contamination in stock nicotine resulted in the artifactual formation of methylcyano-nornicotine adduct. No evidence consistent with the formation of nornicotine by isolated mircosomes was obtained.