cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow reactor studies and kinetic modeling of the H2/O2 reaction

Profile measurements of the H2/O2 reaction have been obtained using a variable pressure flow reactor over pressure and temperature ranges of 0.3–15.7 atm and 850–1040 K, respectively. These data span the explosion limit behavior of the system and place significant emphasis on HO2 and H2O2 kinetics. The explosion limits of dilute H2/O2/N2 mixtures extend to higher pressures and temperatures than those previously observed for undiluted H2/O2 mixtures. In addition, the explosion limit data exhibit a marked transition to an extended second limit which runs parallel to the second limit criteria calculated by assuming HO2 formation to be terminating. The experimental data and modeling results show that the extended second limit remains an important boundary in H2/O2 kinetics. Near this limit, small increases in pressure can result in more than a two order of magnitude reduction in reaction rate. At conditions above the extended second limit, the reaction is characterized by an overall activation energy much higher than in the chain explosive regime. The overall data set, consisting primarily of experimentally measured profiles of H2, O2, H2O, and temperature, further expand the data base used for comprehensive mechanism development for the H2/O2 and CO/H2O/O2 systems. Several rate constants recommended in an earlier reaction mechanism have been modified using recently published rate constant data for H + O2 (+ N2) = HO2 (+ N2), HO2 + OH = H2O + O2, and HO2 + HO2 = H2O2 + O2. When these new rate constants are incorporated into the reaction mechanism, model predictions are in very good agreement with the experimental data. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 31: 113–125, 1999
Acquired resistance of human T cells to sulfasalazine

Have we found a reason why patients become “resistant” to DMARDs? Clinicians have the impression that patients may respond to a given disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for some period of time, then become “resistant”, a situation in which these drugs seem to lose their clinical effect. In this month’s Ann Rheum Dis , Joost van der Heijden and colleagues describe acquired resistance to sulfasalazine (SSZ) through an effect on a drug efflux pump. They then go on to describe the kinetics of this mechanism and test the effect of this change on other DMARDs. In general, the efficacy, or lack thereof, of DMARDs may be due to a very large number of factors. The mechanism of action of drugs in a given disease, of course, plays a major part in its efficacy and is dependent upon the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of the drug have a role in drug effects, which includes absorption and delivery of the drug to its site of action and its removal from the site by its distribution/transportation, metabolism, and/or excretion. In addition, the patient’s genetic background, comorbid diseases, and concomitant drugs may have effects on a drug’s efficacy. The articles by Joost van de Heijden et al examined one …
Arteriovesical Fistula After Pancreatic Transplantation

KEY Worn: pancreas, bladder, fistula, transplantation Fistula formation between the urinary tract and pelvic vasculature is rare. We report a case of life threatening hematuria resulting from a fistula between an iliac artery pseudoaneurysm and the bladder 7 years after pancreatic transplantation with bladder drainage. hemodynamic instability. Cystoscopy revealed massive hemorrhage from the dome of the bladder, which prompted BUTgical exploration. A left iliac artery pseudoaneurysm associated with an autoinfarcted pancreas transplant was identitied with fistulization into the bladder. The pseudoaneurysm was resected, the bladder was repaired and omentum was interpomd. Urine was sterile and culture of the pseudoaneuryem was negative. Convalescence was uneventful. CASE REPORT
The fos oncogene.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the biology and pathology of the tumors induced by the fos gene. The chapter discusses the structure of the fos gene, and its expression in development, growth, and cellular differentiation. Because the c- fos protein can induce transformation of at least fibroblasts in vitro, it is not clear that cells expressing fos genes in response to inducers do not succumb to transformation. Perhaps fibroblasts and other cells susceptible to transformation by c-fos protein are not transformed because the expression of the fos protein is transient. It is possible that some cell types, such as peritoneal macrophages or macrophages in culture, are refractory to transformation by fos proteins. Additionally, transcriptional activation, the synthesis of the fos gene product may be regulated posttranscriptionally or, even more likely, at the translational level. The chapter also provides an overview of protooncogene fos , an inducible gene that is expressed in a wide variety of cell types during development, growth, and differentiation, often in response to a variety of mitogens or differentiation-specific inducers.
Obese Mouse Models

In 1902, the lethal yellow or Agouti yellow (A y ) mouse was described by French geneticist Lucien Cuenot in a paper detailing coat-color inheritance in mice. Although the Agouti mouse reportedly had been bred by European mouse fanciers since the 1800s, the phenotype of obesity was not published until 1927. In the late 1960s, the obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mouse models were described. All three of these models have been widely used in obesity research since that time. With the advent of technologies to create transgenic and knockout strains of mice there has been a rapid increase in the number of mice displaying different defects in body weight regulation. This chapter will categorize the more than 200 mouse models of body weight disorders that now exist, more than 100 years after the agouti yellow mouse was first characterized. The Obesity Gene map database (http://obesitygene.pbrc.edu/) is updated yearly and is a thorough reference for all genes and loci, both rodent and human, known to modulate body weight or energy utilization. This chapter categorizes mouse models listed in that database, and includes recently published models in five groupings: juvenile-onset obese models, adult-onset obese models, obesity-resistant models, polygenic obese models, and models with altered responses to induced obesity.
Procedural Justice in the Political Arena

The distinction between the political arena and the legal arena differs widely across societies and across history. For example, during the colonial period in the United States almost all of the functions we will be describing as political were performed by the legal system (Friedman, 1985). If, for example, a decision had to be made concerning whether a road should be built, that decision was made by the same body of leaders and at the same meeting as a decision about punishment for the town drunk. In other societies the decisions that we think of as legal are handled by “political” officials and no distinction between law and politics is made.
Abstract 13903: When an Octopus Acts Like a Chameleon: a Case of Takotsubo’s Cardiomyopathy with Concurrent Severe Coronary Disease

Introduction: Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy, or stress induced cardiomyopathy, is characterized by transient wall-motion abnormalities involving the left ventricular apex and mid-ventricle in the absence of obstructive epicardial coronary disease. It is seen more commonly in post-menopausal women and is usually preceded by an acute medical illness or intense emotional or physical stress. While the Mayo Criteria for the classification of Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy involves the absence of epicardial coronary disease, up to 10% of patients have been found to have concurrent significant coronary artery disease. Conclusions: We present a case of a patient who presented with seizures and was found to have ST elevations, elevated cardiac enzymes and a new cardiomyopathy. While it was discovered that she had severe coronary disease of her LAD and RCA, the true nature of her cardiomyopathy and presentation was a stress-induced cardiomyopathy in the setting of seizure. The accuracy of this diagnosis affected the progn...
New species and new synonym in Elaphidiini and corrections for type repositories in Hemilophini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

Enaphalodes birai, a new species of Elaphidiini from Ecuador, is described and illustrated. Trichophorus yucatanus Fuchs, 1961 (currrently Ambonus yucatanus ), is a junior synonym of Anelaphus inermis (Newman, 1840). Corrections are provided for the type repository of three holotypes of Hemilophini.
Assessment and monitoring of dental erosion

Once detected and diagnosed, the severity and extent of an erosive tooth wear must be recorded to establish the clinical baseline, so that progression can be detected. Longitudinal monitoring of the erosive process would enable the outcomes of the preventive and therapeutic strategies to be assessed scientifically and quantitatively at the recall and review visits. The following methods described in this chapter are available and useful for clinical assessment and monitoring of erosive tooth wear: silicone matrix system, serial reference casts, clinical photographs, and diagnostic indices such as Basic Erosive Wear Examination and Tooth Wear index.
Beyond the Latino Essentialist Experience: Racial and Ethnic Self-Identifications, Gender, and College Attainment.

This study assesses the relationships across racial and ethnic self-identifications, gender, and college attainment within the Latino group. With the use of data from the basic Current Population S...
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

Sustainable water management is increasingly important for utilities and is driving efforts to reduce energy consumption and residuals production in domestic wastewater (DWW) treatment without compromising effluent quality. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) combine anaerobic biological treatment and membrane separation in a single process. The potential benefits of DWW treatment by AnMBRs are substantial: ♦They generate a fraction of the residuals and consume substantially less energy compared to conventional DWW treatment systems. ♦They allow for the recovery of methane, a renewable energy source, which further improves the energy balance. ♦They can be integrated in centralized or decentralized wastewater treatment schemes due to easy scalability. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series . In short, DWW treatment using AnMBR technology potentially represents a more sustainable DWW treatment paradigm. This study addressed the following questions that highlight the challenges associated with DWW treatment with AnMBR: Can AnMBRs be operated at the low DWW temperatures experienced in many regions in the U.S. and around the world? Can AnMBR treatment meet U.S. EPA's standards for secondary treatment? Can methane be recovered efficiently during low-temperature AnMBR treatment of DWW? ISBN: 9781780400532 (eBook)
Radiation-Induced Morphea: An Under-Recognized Complication of Breast Irradiation.

Radiation-induced morphea (RIM) is a rare painful and disfiguring radiation complication in women who receive adjuvant treatment after breast-conserving surgery. It is a distinct entity unrelated to radiationinduced fibrosis of the breast with an estimated prevalence of 1 to 2 per 1000 treated. There is little mention of this entity in the radiation oncology literature; however, it has been previously described in dermatology and pathology literature. Temporal course and expected clinical findings of RIM are discussed. A cytopathologic compare and contrast between RIM and radiation induced fibrosis is provided. Clinical pictures are included to aid with provider recognition and treatment options are reviewed. Unfortunately, there are no known predictors for RIM, nor proven treatment options. Early provider recognition enables patient reassurance that symptoms will improve and can help outline potential treatment options. However, patients who develop RIM are considered a failure to breast conservation, because they continue to have a poor cosmetic long-term outcome. RIM is considered a failure to breast conservation therapy. Early provider recognition is paramount to patient mental and physical well-being.
Suicidal ideation and influencing factors among people living with HIV/AIDS

Objective To explore suicidal ideation and its relevant factors in people living with HIV /AIDS( PLWHA) and provide the basis for making AIDS care intervention countermeasure. Methods General condition questionnaire and Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale( SIOSS) were used in the survey.Face to face survey was conducted in PLWHA at AIDS VCT clinics,Panyu District,Guangzhou City. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results Of 144 cases of PLWHA in the survey,67. 36%( 97 /144) were male,32. 64%( 47 /144) were female,and the average age was( 36. 9 ± 10. 8)years( mean ± SD). 29. 17%( 42 /144) have suicidal ideation. The rate of suicidal ideation was higher in those without job /unemployed( 50. 00%,9 /18) than those with job( 26. 29%,33 /126),higher in those with technical /secondary school /high school( 32. 52%,40 /123) than those with college degree or above( 9.52%,2/21),higher in persons living alone( 58.33%,7/12) than persons living with family( 26.52%,35/132),higher in those with the CD4cell count ≤200 cells /μL( 47. 83%,11 /23) than those with the CD4cell count 200 cells /μL( 25. 62%,31 /121),all P 0. 05. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the employment status( adjusted OR: 4. 813,95% CI: 1. 250- 18. 526) and the resident manner( OR: 8. 832,95% CI: 1. 330- 58. 661) were associated with the risk of suicidal ideation.Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal ideation was widespread among PLWHA. In the course of the follow-up care,effective and comprehensive support system should be established to improve the psychological status of PLWHA.
Nonregistered obstetric patients: A report of nine hundred seventy-eight patients☆☆☆

Abstract Sociologic and socioeconomic data from a group of 978 nonregistered patients were compared to data from 1,000 registered patients, and the outcome of pregnancy was recorded for the 978 nonregistered and 5,445 registered patients. Mortality rates of both mothers and infants were higher among patients who failed to register for prenatal care, premature birth was more frequent. Nonregistered patients were more likely to be older and multigravid and have a larger family than registered patients. There was a larger percentage of white patients among the nonregistered patient population. Educational attainment and family income were lower, and household size was larger among patients receiving no antepartum care. Most nonregistered patients had never used any form of contraception, and their postpartum return rate was extremely low.
Transrectal Aspiration Biopsy of the Prostate: The Importance of Atypia

AbstractTransrectal aspiration biopsy is useful as an alternative method to examine the prostate. As a means to improve the sensitivity of this method we investigated the significance of cellular atypia. Transrectal aspiration biopsy revealed highly atypical cells in 30 of 225 patients and in 17 patients slightly atypical cells were found. Biopsy was repeated in 22 patients with highly atypical cells and cancer was confirmed in 17 (77 per cent). In the group with only slight atypia 2 of 6 patients had cancer upon repeat prostatic biopsy. When transrectal aspiration biopsy contains highly atypical cells biopsy should be repeated to avoid a false negative diagnosis. These results suggest that atypia is an abnormal finding that must be followed clearly to maintain a high sensitivity with this biopsy method. (J. Urol., 140: 766-768, 1988)
Temporally resolved direct delivery of second messengers into cells using nanostraws

Second messengers are biomolecules with the critical role of conveying information to intracellular targets. They are typically membrane-impermeable and only enter cells through tightly regulated transporters. Current methods for manipulating second messengers in cells require preparation of modified cell lines or significant disruptions in cell function, especially at the cell membrane. Here we demonstrate that 100 nm diameter ‘nanostraws’ penetrate the cell membrane to directly modulate second messenger concentrations within cells. Nanostraws are hollow vertical nanowires that provide a fluidic conduit into cells to allow time-resolved delivery of the signaling ion Ca^(2+) without chemical permeabilization or genetic modification, minimizing cell perturbation. By integrating the nanostraw platform into a microfluidic device, we demonstrate coordinated delivery of Ca^(2+) ions into hundreds of cells at the time scale of several seconds with the ability to deliver complex signal patterns, such as oscillations over time. The diffusive nature of nanostraw delivery gives the platform unique versatility, opening the possibility for time-resolved delivery of any freely diffusing molecules.
“At Long Last First”: Adrienne Rich’s Dark Fields and Samuel Beckett’s Colorless Cliff

In the 1991 An Atlas of the Difficult World, Rich’s Laura-Medusa haunts the poet, crashing through the restrictive wall at the edge of the form to challenge its defining mechanisms. Four years later, in the 1995 Dark Fields of the Republic, the still-troubled poet moves from the center she herself inhabits and implodes the form from within. Tinkering with the characteristic oxymoron, Rich shifts the balance from the “either/or” of the conventional impossibilia, to the “both/and” of her revisionism. The new poetic she evolves seems more attuned to the marginalized and to the anxieties of post—World War II reality. As Rich’s recent work inclines more deeply inward, she also moves more courageously backward to reassess her prewar life, to the thirties that fed into the forties and to the culture that shaped her.
Optical, electrical and electromechanical measurement methodologies of field, charge and polarization in dielectrics

A selective review is presented of the use of optical, electrical, and electromechanical measurement methodologies of the electric field, charge, conductivity, and permittivity in dielectrics. Kerr electro-optic measurements are presented to demonstrate how volume charge distributions can distort the electric field distribution significantly and how the field and charge distributions depend on dielectric and electrode materials and geometry, and on voltage magnitude, polarity, and time duration. A new class of interdigital dielectrometry sensors is reviewed which from one side can measure profiles in dielectric permittivity and conductivity and related physical properties such as moisture content. Electromechanical devices such as the absolute charge sensor, a flow loop, and the couette charger (cc) with a rotating cylindrical electrode are reviewed for their applications in liquid flow electrification measurements.
Nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism

Renal stones are common in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), thought to be secondary to hypercalcemia, although correlation between biochemical factors including serum calcium levels and renal stones is inconsistent in studies. Stones in PHPT patients are associated with younger age and male gender. Renal stone risk decreases after parathyroidectomy, but probably remains elevated compared to the general population for up to 10 years. Thus parathyroid hormone (PTH) should be tested in stone formers with hypercalcemia. Among patients diagnosed with PHPT, a history of clinical stone events and/or the presence of radiologic stones is an indication for parathyroidectomy.
Obesity and cardiovascular disease- Focus on inflammation

Obesity is emerging as one of the most critical health care problems in the US and worldwide as ≥65% of the US population is currently overweight or obese. Obesity is closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with excess weight. Recently published work from our laboratory demonstrated that adipose tissue inflammation represents a key pathological process linked to metabolic stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects. Triggers of inflammation in fat are unknown but highly clinically relevant as individuals with reduced inflammation exhibit a much more favorable risk factor profile despite their severe obesity, supporting the growing notion that both quality and quantity of fat play a significant role in shaping cardiovascular phenotypes in human obesity. Our data also suggest that visceral fat is associated with a greater burden of cytokine production and we will present data to show direct human evidence that the visceral adipose microenvironment is more “toxic” to blood vessels, providing a potential mechanism linking visceral adiposity to cardiometabolic risk.
ST-DCONTOUR: a serial, density-contour based spatio-temporal clustering approach to cluster location streams

Spatio-temporal clustering aims to discover interesting regions in spatio-temporal data. In this paper, we propose a novel, serial, density-contour based spatio-temporal clustering algorithm called ST-DCONTOUR which employs a model-based clustering methodology to obtain spatio-temporal clusters from location streams. Our approach subdivides the incoming data into batches and employs a serial approach that generates spatial clusters for each batch first; next, spatio-temporal clusters are formed by identifying continuing relationships between spatial clusters in consecutive batches. Our approach employs contouring algorithms to identify spatial clusters as closed contours of a region where density is above a given threshold, and relies on contour analysis techniques to identify continuing, disappearing, and newly appearing spatial clusters in consecutive batches. We evaluate our approach by conducting a case study involving NYC taxi trips data. The experimental results show that ST-DCONTOUR can discover interesting spatio-temporal patterns in taxi pickup location streams.
Neuron-Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: "For Better, and For Worse".

Persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms that characterize many mental health disorders arise from impaired neuroplasticity in several key corticolimbic brain regions. Recent evidence suggest that reciprocal neuron-microglia interactions shape neuroplasticity during physiological conditions, implicating microglia in the neurobiology of mental health disorders. Neuron-microglia interactions are modulated by several molecular and cellular pathways and dysregulation of these pathways often have neurobiological consequences, including aberrant neuronal responses and microglia activation. The interactions between neurons and microglia have implications for mental health disorders as rodent stress models cause concomitant neuronal dystrophy and alterations in microglia morphology and function. In this context, functional changes in microglia may be indicative of an immune state termed parainflammation in which tissue-resident macrophages (i.e., microglia) respond to malfunctioning cells by initiating modest inflammation in an attempt to restore homeostasis. Thus, aberrant neuronal activity and release of damage-associated signals during repeated stress exposure may contribute to functional changes in microglia and resultant parainflammation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that uncoupling neuron-microglia interactions may contribute to altered neuroplasticity and associated anxiety- or depressive-like behaviors. Additional work shows that microglia have varied phenotypes in specific brain regions, which may underlie divergent neuroplasticity observed in corticolimbic structures following stress exposure. These findings indicate that neuron-microglia interactions are critical mediators of the interface between adaptive, homeostatic neuronal function and the neurobiology of mental health disorders.
Indeterminate Sentencing Returns: The Invention of Supervised Release

The determinacy revolution in federal sentencing, which culminated in the passage of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, has since been upended by a little-noticed phenomenon: the evolution of federal supervised release. A “determinate” sentencing regime requires that prison terms be of fixed and absolute duration at the time of sentencing. Because of the manner in which supervised release now operates, however, contemporary federal prison terms are neither fixed nor absolute. Instead, the court has discretion to adjust the length of a prison term after sentencing based on its evaluation of the post-judgment progress of the offender. This power to amend the duration of the penalty is the classic marker of the “indeterminate” sentence.In this Article, I show how federal supervised release has dismantled the ambitions of the determinacy movement and made federal prison terms structurally indeterminate in length. I conclude that the widespread use of supervised release has created a muddled and unprincipled form of indeterminate sentencing: one that flouts the insights and vision of the nineteenth-century indeterminacy movement as well as the twentieth-century determinacy movement. Having dislocated once-celebrated theories of sentencing, federal supervised release now controls the lives of more than 100,000 people without offering any alternative theoretical basis for doing so. This Article draws on the lessons of a 200-year history to expose the current nature of supervised release and to envision a more coherent role for its future.
A hidden structural vulnerability in the thrombospondin-2 deficient aorta increases the propensity to intramural delamination

Abstract Mice lacking thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) represent an animal model of impaired collagen fibrillogenesis. Collagen constitutes ~1/3 of the wall of the normal murine descending thoracic aorta (DTA) and is thought to confer mechanical strength at high pressures. Microstructural analysis of the DTA from TSP2-null mice revealed irregular and disorganized collagen fibrils in the adventitia and at the interface between the media and adventitia. Yet, biaxial mechanical tests performed under physiologic loading conditions showed that most mechanical metrics, including stress and stiffness, were not different between mutant and control DTAs at 20- and 40-weeks of age, thus suggesting that the absence of TSP2 is well compensated under normal conditions. A detailed bilayered analysis of the wall mechanics predicted, however, that the adventitia of TSP2-null DTAs fails to engage at high pressures, which could render the media vulnerable to mechanical damage. Failure tests confirmed that the pressure at which the DTA ruptures is significantly lower in 20-week-old TSP2-null mice compared to age-matched controls (640±37 vs. 1120±45 mmHg). Moreover, half of the 20-week-old and all 40-week-old mutant DTAs failed by delamination, not rupture. This delamination occurred at the interface between the media and the adventitia, with separation planes often observed at ~45 degrees with respect to the circumferential/axial directions. Combined with the observed microstructural anomalies, our theoretical-experimental biomechanical results suggest that TSP2-null DTAs are more susceptible to material failure when exposed to high pressures and this vulnerability may result from a reduced resistance to shear loading at the medial/adventitial border.
Inkjet-Printed Paper-Based Colorimetric Polyion Sensor Using a Smartphone as a Detector

The first paper-based polyion-sensitive optodes are reported. Dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (a cation exchanger) and chromoionophore I (a lipophilic optical pH indicator) are printed on filter paper in the absence of any plasticizer and/or additional hydrophobic polymeric phase. The resulting optodes exhibit sensitive colorimetric response to polycations such as protamine but not to small inorganic cations because only polycations are able to form cooperative ion pairs with dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate adsorbed to the cellulose paper. The color change of the optode is recorded via an iPhone camera and analyzed by an iPhone App. The protamine-sensing optode platform is used to indirectly detect protease activity (trypsin) based on proteolytic digestion of protamine, and polyanions (pentosan polysulfate and heparin) based on the strong binding reaction of polyanions with protamine. The indirect sensing system is further simplified on a multilayer membrane device that consists of an optode paper site modif...
Clinical implication of triamcinolone in aqueous humor after depository sub-Tenon application.

Purpose To determine the triamcinolone concentration in the aqueous humor after anterior sub-Tenon injection versus posterior sub-Tenon injection and the possible association between the levels of triamcinolone in the aqueous and the elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP). Setting University teaching hospitals at Wenzhou and Shanghai, China. Design Prospective case series. Methods The aqueous humor was sampled and triamcinolone quantitated after anterior sub-Tenon injection or posterior sub-Tenon injection in a cohort of patients and in experimental rabbits. Patients' IOPs were measured before and up to 3 months after triamcinolone acetonide injection. Results The study comprised 46 patients and 18 rabbits. The mean aqueous humor triamcinolone concentration in rabbit eyes and human eyes was significantly higher after an anterior sub-Tenon injection than that after a posterior sub-Tenon injection (rabbit eye: anterior sub-Tenon injection, 2.67 ng/mL ± 0.78 [SD] and posterior sub-Tenon injection 1.38 ± 0.48 ng/mL; human eye: 133.8 ± 149.2 ng/mL and 10.2 ± 10.9 ng/mL, respectively) (both P Conclusions The triamcinolone level in aqueous humor was associated with IOP elevation after sub-Tenon application. Posterior sub-Tenon injection with a small injection volume of concentrated suspension offered a better targeted delivery and might significantly reduce steroid-associated IOP elevation.
A New Information Lens: The Self-concept and Exchange Context as a Means to Understand Information Sensitivity of Anonymous and Personal Identifying Information

Abstract Given technological advances, consumers' sensitivity around personal information is shifting, whereby information once considered innocuous, is now considered more sensitive and warrants more protection. This research examines the self-concept and exchange context as a new lens to understand consumer sensitivity to anonymous and personal identifying information exchange. Two studies examine the role of the public and private self in predicting attitudes toward sharing PII and non-PII items, and across different information exchange contexts. Implications for business and policy makers are provided.
A single-center, pilot study evaluating a novel TriHex peptide- and botanical-containing eye treatment compared to baseline.

Background Topical treatments containing tripeptide and hexapeptide (TriHex technology) have been proven to contribute to youthful skin by clearing the extracellular matrix and stimulating collagen and elastin production. Objective Evaluate the efficacy of a novel eye treatment containing TriHex peptides and other synergistic ingredients for the daily treatment of fine lines/crow's feet around the eyes, under eye hollowing, under eye bags, and dark circles. Patients/methods In this study, 10 subjects (9 female and 1 male) aged 30-60 of Fitzpatrick skin type I, II, or III were selected to use an eye treatment containing TriHex peptides and active botanicals (Alastin Restorative Eye Treatment with TriHex Technology™, ALASTIN Skincare, Inc., Carlsbad, CA) twice daily for 12 weeks. Subjects were photographed and evaluated at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12 by a board-certified facial plastic surgeon. Using an adjusted Griffiths scale (0 = none, best possible condition and 9 = severe, worst possible condition), subjects were evaluated on severity of fine lines/crow's feet, under eye hollowing, under eye bags, and dark circles at each visit. Subjects completed a "Subject Questionnaire" at week 4, week 8, and week 12 pertaining to the subject's observations and perceived improvement of these measures. Results Based on the investigator's assessments, overall improvement in periocular skin was noted for all 10 subjects. Over the course of 12 weeks, raw scores significantly decreased indicating reduction of lines/crow's feet (41% improvement), under eye hollowing (29% improvement), under eye bags (48% improvement), and dark circles (39% improvement). Based on the "Subject Questionnaire," all subjects noted overall improvement of the appearance of skin around the eyes. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, this eye treatment containing TriHex peptides and active botanicals is an effective stand-alone treatment for the rejuvenation of periocular skin. When used twice daily, this product can reduce the appearance of lines/crow's feet, under eye hollowing, under eye bags, and dark circles.
El Bildungsroman femenino en El verano de los peces voladores (Marcela Said, Chile, 2013)

espanolLa perspectiva infanto-juvenil en la cinematografia latinoamericana asume funciones significativas no solo al revelar los intersticios del joven en desarrollo, sino como alegoria de la problematica en la construccion de imaginarios nacionales. A partir de las pautas y tematicas que provee la historia de formacion—Bildungsroman—, la produccion de Marcela Said, El verano de los peces voladores (2013), explora la experiencia de aprendizaje y rebelion del sujeto juvenil en el contexto de choques culturales, sociales y raciales entre la clase media chilena y la poblacion marginal mapuche. Sin embargo, esta trayectoria educativa da cuenta de un potencial fracaso en la esfera personal. Mediante un estilo sugestivo y evocador, Said consigue reproducir los niveles de incertidumbre, postracion e inhabilidad de la mujer adolescente para luchar contra el sistema sociocultural, patriarcal y burgues al que pertenece. EnglishThe perspective of the child and the adolescent in the Latin America cinema not only provides an insight to the individual process of development but also serves as an intriguing national allegory. By examining the parameters and themes provided by the genre which deals with the growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood—Bildungsroman—, Marcela Said´s movie The Summer of Flying Fish (2013), explores the learning path and the rebellion experienced by the adolescent subject in the context of socio-economic and cultural tensions between the Chilean middle class and the mapuche communities. In our reading, the adolescent´s social and emotional trajectory could be considered a symbolic failure, not only on the personal level but on the sociocultural one. Through suggestive stylistic techniques, Said suggests the different manifestations of uncertainty, helplessness, and inability of the young female adult to defy the sociocultural, patriarchal, and bourgeois system to which she belongs.
Protein Interactions in Mammalian Pathways of DNA Base Excision Repair

Although DNA is a relatively stable molecule, it is prone to chemical attack by free radicals, electrophilic compounds, or slow hydrolysis (Lindahl 1993; Demple and Harrison 1994). Many of the resulting alterations affect the pairing specificity or chemical stability of the DNA bases and potentiate mutagenesis (Friedberg et al. 1995). Such damage can also eliminate the base altogether, forming an abasic, or apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP), site, with or without breaking the DNA strand, to yield lesions that are highly cytotoxic and mutagenic (Povirk 1996). These genetic hazards arise not only from a vast array of environmental agents, but also from metabolic by-products (Lindahl 1993), and they can target important genes. For example, the accumulation of mutations in growth control or cell cycle checkpoint genes results in cancer (Fearon 1997). The gradual accumulation of DNA damage is also proposed to underlie the normal aging process (Friedberg et al. 1995). Thus, natural selection demanded highly efficient and coordinated DNA repair systems to eliminate important DNA lesions and maintain genetic integrity.
Physician obligations to help document the atrocities of war.

A debate about the images of war victims that pits physicians' duty to protect patient privacy against their public health duty to respond to the devastation of war. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Relationship of Immune Deficiency and Oncogenic Viruses to Malignant B Cell Lymphomas: Mouse and Man

With the exception of the dualtropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced polymorphic B cell lymphoma in young C57BL/6 mice, and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced polymorphic B cell lymphoma in immunodeficient patients, it is apparent that the vast majority of spontaneously occurring B cell lymphomas in immunodef icient mice and men are not causally linked to overt inducing agents (e.g., oncogenic viruses) (Table 1). For this reason, the comparative features of dualtropic MuLV-induced and EBV-induced B cell diseases are discussed, as well as the association of B cell lymphomas with congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies.
An approach to empiric therapy of nosocomial pneumonia

Because many studies show that antibiotic therapy is effective for nosocomial pneumonia, it is necessary to have an approach to antibiotic selection to reduce mortality. Empiric therapy can be chosen, based on an assessment of patient risk factors for specific organisms and on an evaluation of the severity of illness present. Empiric regimens must be selected from a knowledge of antibiotic pharmacodynamics, as well as from an appreciation of the antimicrobial spectrum of the various antibacterials. When using such an approach, it is necessary to realize the limitations of effective therapy and to evaluate a number of relevant issues if the patient is not improving during treatment.
Finding Footprints: Analyzing Arts Education Policy Implementation.

Policy analysts often concern themselves with understanding the messiness of implementation. Scholar Milbrey McLaughlin urged scholars to follow the “policy footprint” approach, and this article in...
Intellectual Property Survey: Cannabis Plant Types, Methods of Extraction, IP Protection, and One Patent That Could Ruin It All

Intellectual property is one of a company’s most valuable assets, at times deserving rigorous time and effort for proper protection. Companies rely on patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright laws to protect their intellectual property. For most businesses, this process is routine and a standard part of their ordinary course of business. Cannabis companies, unfortunately, have many obstacles to overcome to use some of these same protections, as cannabis is considered federally illegal, yet legalized in many states to varying degrees. Cannabis companies must, therefore, be innovative and nuanced in their strategies for protecting their proprietary business information such as patentable subject matter through the use of patents and trade secrets. The method of intellectual property protection is driven by the subject matter. Cannabis growers target specific plant types based on cannabidiol (“CBD”) and delta-9-tetrohydrocannabinol (“THC”) ratios and desired characteristics using specific method of extraction, all of which are patentable if legal elements are met. Unfortunately, while the cannabis industry is an emerging market with plenty of growth ahead of it, an ongoing Colorado court case involving liquids containing cannabinoids that could result in major negative ramifications for all involved in the cannabis industry.
Religion/Spirituality and Gender-Differentiated Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Age 13-34

Studies examining religion/spirituality (R/S) and depressive symptoms report divergent findings, often depending on the types of variables considered. This study assessed whether subjective and experiential R/S variables were associated with increased depressive symptom burden from adolescence to young adulthood. Variations by gender were also assessed. Using group-based trajectory modeling with a cohort-sequential design, four distinct symptom trajectories were identified for women and five for men. 27.4% of women and 10.2% of men were classified on peak trajectory groups. Religious attendance was protective for men and women. Prayer was protective for women but linked to risk for men. Born-again and life-changing spiritual experiences, along with belief in supernatural leading and angelic protection, were broadly associated with increased classification on elevated symptom trajectories. In one exception, belief in supernatural leading was associated among some men with decreased risk of depressive symptoms during adolescence. Researchers must take a variety of R/S variables into account when assessing depressive symptoms, not simply religious attendance, prayer frequency, or affiliation as is commonly practiced. Religion and spirituality are multidimensional and in some cases may operate differently for men than women vis-a-vis mental well-being.
Loss of NRF2 leads to impaired mitochondrial function, decreased synaptic density and exacerbated age-related cognitive deficits.

Abstract Activation of the antioxidant regulatory transcription factor NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2) regulates cellular bioenergetics and improves neuronal health in aging. Yet how NRF2 participates in maintaining synaptic, mitochondrial and cognitive function has not been fully elucidated. This study investigates how loss of NRF2 affects neuronal metabolism, synaptic density and cognitive performance in aged mice. Dendritic arborization as well as synaptic and mitochondrial gene expression was evaluated in hippocampal neurons isolated from mice lacking NRF2 (NRF2KO) and from wild-type (WT) C57BL6 mice. Mitochondrial function of these neurons was evaluated using the Seahorse XF platform. Additionally learning, memory and executive function were assessed in 20 month old NRF2KO and age-matched WT mice using conditioned fear response (CFR) and odor discrimination reversal learning (ODRL) tests. Hippocampal bioenergetics was profiled using mitochondria isolated from these animals and tissue was harvested for assessment of mitochondrial and synaptic genes. NRF2KO neurons had reduced dendritic complexity and diminished synaptic gene expression. This was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function and decreased mitochondrial gene expression. Similar mitochondrial deficits were observed in the brains of aged NRF2KO mice. These animals also had significantly impaired cognitive performance and reduced synaptic gene expression as well. These data point to a role for NRF2 in maintaining mitochondrial and cognitive function during aging and suggest that the transcription factor may be a viable target for cognitive enhancing interventions. Because mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment also occur together in many neurodegenerative conditions there may be broad therapeutic potential of NRF2 activating agents.
Combinatorial study of thermal stability in ternary nanocrystalline alloys

Abstract Nanocrystalline alloys can be stabilized through selective grain boundary segregation of specific solute element additions. Increasing attention is being paid to ternary and higher order systems, where complex interactions govern segregation. To efficiently study the large composition spaces of such systems, we apply a high-throughput combinatorial technique revealing nanocrystalline stability through composition-grain-size maps. We compare two systems with distinct binary and ternary alloy interactions: In Pt–AuAg both binaries are expected to be stable, whereas in Pt–AuPd the Pt–Pd binary is unstable and Au-induced co-segregation of Pd was previously reported. For ternary Pt–AuAg we find excellent thermal stability throughout. The Pt–AuPd system, by contrast, divides into an unstable regime, where Pd solute dominates and precipitates, and a stable regime, where Au solute dominates and retains Pd in the grain boundary. Overall, by combining current theory and the introduced combinatorial approach, stable multicomponent nanocrystalline composition spaces can be rapidly determined.
The Effect of Shear on the Evolution of Morphology in High Internal Phase Emulsions Used as Templates for Structural and Functional Polymer Foams

Polymer foams have broad application as structural and functional materials in a variety of technological applications. Polymerization of monomers present in the continuous phase of water-in-oil hi...
PRIMARY VERSUS NON-PRIMARY PCI AMONG STEMI PATIENTS IN INDIA: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN KERALA (ACS QUIK) CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED STEPPED WEDGE TRIAL

Outcomes associated with different reperfusion strategies among STEMI patients in low- and middle-income countries are evolving but are not well described. STEMI patients (n=8665) from the ACS QUIK trial underwent either primary PCI (PPCI) or non-primary PCI (nPPCI). PPCI was defined as PCI within
Chapter 2 – Causal Orientations

Publisher Summary This chapter describes basic facts about convex cones, their duality, and linear automorphism groups. Cones have been used in different parts of mathematics for a long time, and are related to concepts such as the Laplace transform, Hardy spaces over tube domains, and Hermitian symmetric spaces. The concept of casual orderings associated with cone fields has also been used for a long time implicitly in the context of Lorentzian geometry, and relativity. Vinberg, Paneitz, and Ol'shanskii considered the special case of bi-invariant cone fields on Lie groups. The algebraic side of the theory, a closer inspection of the cones that appear in the study of causal orderings, was also initiated by Vinberg. The order compactification was introduced, motivated by the study of Wiener–Hopf operators on ordered homogeneous spaces. Compactifications without the causal structure are also explained.
Wind Turbine Arrangement Method on The Effect of Wake Flow in Wind Power Farm

Based on the research principle of wind farm wake effect, this paper introduces two kinds of wind power wake models. By comparing with the measured data, it is concluded that the wake model using Gaussian distribution can reflect the actual emptying of wake effect better. Based on this model. Considering the wind speed attenuation condition, the wind turbines of the wind farm are arranged reasonably to improve the power generation efficiency of the wind farm.
Cultural spaces and climate change: Modeling Holocene archaeological settlement patterns on the coastal plain of the southeastern United States

Abstract Ideal free distribution (IFD) models generally predict that populations, including human populations, will distribute themselves across the landscape such that resource access is optimized. However, links between ecology and human responses to it are not always straightforward, especially during periods of climate change when people often act based on incomplete information and for reasons not connected directly to ecological output. Here, we analyze archaeological site distribution across the coastal plains of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida to test the roles that both ecology and knowledge of a region, as estimated based on past site occupations, played in human decision making during the Middle and Late Archaic periods. These periods correlate to substantial climatic, environmental and ecological change during the middle Holocene and beginning of the late Holocene. We find that IFD models that include both ecological variables and past landscape use fit both cultural periods, but to different degrees.