cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hindbrain energy status controls hypothalamic metabolic and neuropeptide signals. Focus on “Hindbrain lactostasis regulates hypothalamic AMPK activity and hypothalamic metabolic neurotransmitter mRNA and protein responses to hypoglycemia”

the central nervous system detects correlates of reduced energy availability and activates circuits that trigger compensatory responses that collectively restore energy balance. The seminal experiments of Claude Bernard and Walter Cannon defined concepts underlying the regulatory physiology of
Nontraumatic Dental Emergencies in a Pediatric Emergency Department

The objectives of this study were to describe nontraumatic dental emergencies among children treated in a pediatric emergency department. The children studied received emergency treatment for a nontraumatic dental problem from December 1992 through November 1993. Among the 1,459 children treated for dental emergencies, 949 had a nontraumatic emergency (65%) and were enrolled in this study. Patients ranged in age from 1 month to 19 years, with a mean age of 6.9 years. Fifty-two percent of patients were male. The teeth were involved in 99% of cases. An abscess was present in 33% of patients; and among these patients, 26% also had a fistula. Pericoronitis was seen in 4% of patients, primary viral stomatitis in 1%, and an eruption hematoma in 0.5%. Caries is the etiology of the problem prompting the emergency department visit in 73% of patients, and baby bottle caries accounted for 18% of all cases of caries. Other etiologies included the late effects of trauma (8%), iatrogenic (7%), idiopathic (3%), and periodontal processes (2%). Tooth extraction was performed in 45% of patients. Findings of this large consecutive series provide a better understanding of this type of visit to the pediatric emergency department.
FAMILY INFLUENCES AND SCHIZOPHRENIC REACTION.

The study focused on the relationship of some environmental variables and the incidence of schizophrenic reactions in a study group of 100 patients and a control group of 100 individuals. Variables were sex, age, marital status, absence of parents, distance of kinship from subjects of persons responsible for rearing, psychological climate and socioeconomic status of the family of orientation, isolation and mental illness of the father, mother or siblings.
Management of the neck in Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: University of Miami experience

Background. We reviewed management of the cervical lymph nodes in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the head and neck. Methods. Records of 15 patients with MCC of the head and neck area were evaluated for the type of surgical treatment, includ- ing wide local excision, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, neck dissection, postoperative radiation therapy, and clinical outcomes. Results. Median follow-up was 24 months (range, 5-84 months). Ten patients were treated with wide local excision plus SLN, with or without neck dissection. Five patients were treated with wide local excision only or wide local excision plus neck dis- section. One patient died of distant metastases (7%), and 14 patients remain alive (93%), over a mean follow-up of 24 months. Conclusion. Wide excision and SLN biopsy for primary MCC with N0 neck is feasible for early-stage, previously untreated lesions. SLN biopsy was helpful in determining the nodal levels to be dissected or irradiated. V C 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 30: 1559-1565, 2008
Thermal analysis of poly(butylene terephthalate) for heat capacity, rigid-amorphous content, and transition behavior

Thermal analysis was performed on poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, between 210 and 560 K. By combination of experimental heat capacities with computations with an approximate frequency spectrum of 65 group and 19 skeletal vibrations, preliminary recommended ATHAS (1988) heat capacities are proposed for the solid state from 0 to 600 K. The Tarasov parameters used for the computation of the skeletal vibrations were θ1 = 542 K and θ3 = 80 K for crystalline PBT and θ3 = 40 K for amorphous PBT. The glass transition temperature of amorphous PBT was found on efficiently quenched samples to be 248 K, much lower than for semicrystalline PBT where a 310–325 K glass transition temperature is typical. The increase in heat capacity calculated for 100% amorphous samples is 107 J/(K · mol) at 248 K and 77 J/(K · mol) at 320 K. The equilibrium melting temperature is estimated to be 518 K. The unique existence of rigid-amorphous fractions of the semicrystalline polymers is discussed with quantitative data for samples crystallized from the glass and from the melt between 275 and 490 K. The rigidamorphous fraction varies between above 0,9 for cold-crystallized samples to 0,3 for samples crystallized at 490 K. The crystallinity varied from below 0,1 to 0,5. The crystallinity could be separated into four parts, melting at high, medium, and low temperatures, and a part crystallized on cooling after isothermal crystallization. The sequence of crystallization of differently melting crystals was established.
A novel computational framework for thermal‐hydrological‐mechanical‐chemical processes of CO2 geological sequestration into a layered saline aquifer and a naturally fractured enhanced geothermal system

CO 2 geo‐sequestration into saline aquifers and an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) are two of the most effective solutions to reduce CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere. The significance of thermal‐hydrological‐mechanical‐chemical (THMC) interactions is well identified in these two processes: fluid and heat flow, solute transport within a three‐phase mixture; stresses and displacements related to geomechanical effects; non‐isothermal effects on fluid properties and reaction processes; and equilibrium and kinetics of fluid‐rock and gas‐rock chemical interactions. In this paper, a novel numerical model is developed to describe the THMC processes mathematically. One mean stress formulation, which is simplified from the geomechanical equations with full stress tensor, is employed to solve mean stresses and displacements. Chemical equilibrium and kinetics are considered to quantitatively simulate geochemical reaction associated with solute transport. A sequentially coupled computational framework is proposed and used to solve reactive transport of water, gas components, and chemical species in subsurface formation with geomechanics. It is designed to keep a generalized computational structure for different THMC processes. A practical case with complex chemical compositions is presented to analyze the THMC processes quantitatively on the coupled effects of geochemistry and geomechanics during CO 2 geo‐sequestration. In addition, a practical EGS case is presented to address the mutual effects of each THMC process quantitatively, especially the mutual effects of stress and chemical reaction. Heat transfer affects mean stress and geochemical reactions; mean stress impacts the solute transport and successive chemical reactions; and geochemical reactions are shown to have significant impact on the mean stress, pressure, or temperature.
The Domestic Standby Letter of Credit Desk Book for Business Professionals, Bankers and Lawyers

The following preface and chapter describe an effort to convince readers (business people, bankers, and lawyers) that the standby letter of credit is a handy, flexible, commercial device that can support virtually any business activity and often without a battery of lawyers or letter of credit “experts.” The law of standby letters of credit is unique but not exotic. Any educated professional can understand it and can use the standby to enhance the value of an unperformed promise.
Foaming Properties of Fresh and of Commercially Dried Eggs in the Presence of Stabilizers and Surfactants

Abstract We investigated foaming ability and stability of fresh, and of commercially dried egg blends with one-third normal yolk content plus added stabilizers and surfactants. Fresh whole-egg foams had lower specific gravities and less drainage than low-yolk foams without stabilizers. The specific volumes of low-yolk foams with 1% xanthan gum and 1% sodium stearoyl lactylate were greater with the highest levels of sodium lauryl suflate (SLS) (.25, .50, or .75%) and water (100, 200, or 300% more than in the low-yolk foams without stabilizers) than with the lowest levels of SLS and water. Foams of commercially dried egg blends with 1% SLS and an additional 9 min whipping after adding sugar had higher viscosities and specific volumes and lower specific gravities than when 75% SLS or 6 min additional whipping was used. Foams from the low-yolk egg blends with added stabilizers and water at optimum whipping times were comparable to, or were an improvement over, whole egg foams.
The Corner Stone in Facilitating the Transition from Deterministic to Probabilistic Forecasts-Ensemble Forecasting and Its Impact on Numerical Weather Prediction

Given the nonlinear and complex nature of atmospheric system combined with the uncertainties associated with initial conditions and models,it is not only a requirement from science but also a necessity to better serve user community to transit weather prediction from deterministic to probabilistic format. However,the rational behind the transition is not clear but full of debate and confusion to many including public,end-users and even meteorologists themselves.To clarify some of these and to expedite the transition, a few issues were discussed.Since the ensemble forecasting is a central technique to facilitate such a transition,it is first discussed in this paper by focusing on the following five aspects:(1) why is ensemble forecasting needed?(2) what is the primary mission of ensemble forecasting?(3) what are common misunderstandings about it?(4) what is the impact it will bring to numerical weather prediction system as a whole? and(5) what is the forecaster's new role in the "ensemble forecasting" era?
Mescaline: a survey.

The hallucinogen mescaline is found in the peyote and San Pedro cacti, which are prevalent in Mexico and the southwestern United States. In a survey of middle-class, predominantly white adolescents in a drug treatment facility, 18 percent of the respondents indicated that they had taken mescaline. Much of the purported mescaline was probably another hallucinogen, usually LSD. The effects of equipotent doses of mescaline and LSD are almost indistinguishable.
The Crisis of the 1970s and Its Long-Term Consequences

The crisis of the 1970s was in the first place a crisis of declining enrollments that created a crisis of employment for new Ph.D.s. Sociologists had been associated with, and promoted, Lyndon Johnson’s ‘Great Society’ welfare efforts, and when these came to be discredited, condemned sociology as a brand. A bitter generational conflict ensued between young male sociologists, hostile to the generation of Merton and Parsons students, and this generation, which occupied positions of power in a situation of rapid decline. The demise of the idea of an overarching consensual theoretical framework, and the emergence of a practical kind of expertise represented by Coleman’s studies, led to a bifurcation between expertise and sociology as’ science’.
Cold spray particle deposition for improved wear resistance

This chapter discusses hard coating materials applied by the cold spray process with an emphasis on Cr 3 C 2 –25wt.%NiCr and Cr 3 C 2 –25wt.%Ni blended coatings applied on 4140 alloy for wear-resistant applications. Select material properties of various carbides and cold spray deposition processing are also presented. The chapter discusses the improvements in hard, wear-resistant Cr 3 C 2 -based coating properties and microstructure through changes in nozzle design, powder characteristics, stand-off distance, powder feed rate, and traverse speed, which resulted in an improved average Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) and wear resistance comparable with some thermal spray processes. The cold spray process optimization of the Cr 3 C 2 -based coatings resulted in increased hardness and improved wear characteristics with lower friction coefficients. The improvement in hardness is directly associated with higher particle velocities and increased densities of the Cr 3 C 2 -based coatings deposited on the 4140 alloy at ambient temperature. Select coating microstructure and properties using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hardness, and ball-on-disc tribology experiments for friction coefficient and wear determination have been discussed. Results suggest that cold spray is a versatile coating technique capable of tailoring the hardness of Cr 3 C 2 -based wear-resistant coatings on temperature-sensitive substrates.
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided to Fluoroscopy-Guided Biceps Tendon Sheath Therapeutic Injection.

Objectives Biceps tendinitis is a source of anterior shoulder pain and is amenable to therapeutic injection. Studies have shown greater accuracy with image-guided compared to unguided injection of the biceps tendon sheath. There is no literature comparing ultrasound-guided to fluoroscopy-guided biceps tendon sheath injection. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes, complication rates, procedure success rates, and financial costs of the two imaging-guided methods. Methods A 10-year retrospective review of the picture archiving and communication system was performed to identify patients who underwent image-guided proximal biceps tendon sheath injection. Two radiologists reviewed the picture archiving and communication system and clinical notes to record pain relief, complications, fluoroscopy time, first-pass success rate (defined as injection into the sheath on the first needle pass), final success rate (needle placement in the tendon sheath on the final needle pass), and average costs. Results Fifty fluoroscopy-guided and 53 ultrasound-guided cases were identified. There was no statistically significant difference in pain relief or complications. The first-pass success rate was 90.6% for ultrasound compared to 74.0% for fluoroscopy. The final-pass success rate was 98.2% for ultrasound versus 92.0% for fluoroscopy. The mean fluoroscopy time was 57.6 seconds. Ultrasound showed preinjection abnormalities of the biceps tendon in 47.5% of cases. Conclusions Compared to fluoroscopy-guided biceps tendon sheath injection, ultrasound had higher initial- and final-pass success rates, visualized abnormalities before injection, and had similar pain relief and complication rates. Ultrasound is more accurate and has greater diagnostic benefits than unguided or fluoroscopy-guided biceps tendon sheath injection.
Predicting Financial Distress and Closure in Rural Hospitals.

Purpose Annual rates of rural hospital closure have been increasing since 2010, and hospitals that close have poor financial performance relative to those that remain open. This study develops and validates a latent index of financial distress to forecast the probability of financial distress and closure within 2 years for rural hospitals. Methods Hospital and community characteristics are used to predict the risk of financial distress 2 years in the future. Financial and community data were drawn for 2,466 rural hospitals from 2000 through 2013. We tested and validated a model predicting a latent index of financial distress (FDI), measured by unprofitability, equity decline, insolvency, and closure. Using the predicted FDI score, hospitals are assigned to high, medium-high, medium-low, and low risk of financial distress for use by practitioners. Findings The FDI forecasts 8.01% of rural hospitals to be at high risk of financial distress in 2015, 16.3% as mid-high, 46.8% as mid-low, and 28.9% as low risk. The rate of closure for hospitals in the high-risk category is 4 times the rate in the mid-high category and 28 times that in the mid-low category. The ability of the FDI to discriminate hospitals experiencing financial distress is supported by a c-statistic of .74 in a validation sample. Conclusion This methodology offers improved specificity and predictive power relative to existing measures of financial distress applied to rural hospitals. This risk assessment tool may inform programs at the federal, state, and local levels that provide funding or support to rural hospitals.
Hydrostatic 3D-printing for soft material structures using low one-photon polymerization

Abstract This paper studies the feasibility of a 3D printing method that enables a hydrostatic condition for support-free fabrication, named hydrostatic 3D printing (H3P). Soft structures are difficult to build in additive manufacturing due to the low stiffness. H3P utilizes low one-photon polymerization (LOPP) to achieve “in-liquid” curing surrounded by the hydrostatic pressure. Single-spot curing and continuous printing were investigated for a UV-curable silicone material under different light intensities and exposure times. Initial results have demonstrated LOPP effects for H3P. The equivalent exposure time in continuous printing was found shorter than a stationary single-spot curing due to a non-linear intensity distribution.
Nine C programming labs to turn students into filtering and signal analysis experts

This paper describes a series of C programming lab assignments that accompany a junior-level course on discrete-time signals and systems. These assignments were designed to develop student into experts in two core competencies: filtering and frequency analysis of signals. As students develop knowledge and practice these two skills, they learn about a variety of related techniques including sample rate conversion, edge detection in images, the Hilbert transform, noise cancellation, AM and FM modulation and demodulation, and global positioning. The labs reinforce concepts taught in class. Students get extensive practice in designing filters to meet given specifications. Students report enthusiasm for learning about real systems and processing real signals. By focusing on two key capabilities, students are able to advance to a high level of maturity in these areas over a single semester.
Foreword: Cancer Prevention Can Start Early and Last a Lifetime.

* Abbreviation: CDC — : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention As the nation’s health protection agency, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works to protect the health and safety of all Americans. The CDC is perhaps best known for its efforts to prevent and control infectious diseases. It also strives to reduce the burden of chronic diseases, which have emerged as the leading causes of premature disability and death in the United States.1 In fact, cancer is the leading cause of death among persons aged 1.5 million people are told they have cancer.3 Although the … Address correspondence to Mary C. White, ScD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F76, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717. E-mail: mxw5{at}cdc.gov
The Nature and Logic of Science

This chapter provides the basic foundation for understanding the logic involved in scientific/biological reasoning. Topics include: inductive and deductive logic, hypothesis formulation (if … then reasoning), the concept of “proof” in science, and the difference between truth and validity. The interplay of these elements are illustrated by the “dissection” of a specific set of investigations by Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani in the eighteenth century concerning what elements of the male semen were causally involved in fertilization and embryonic development in animals. The chapter then moves to a discussion of the way in which hypotheses are formulated as different kinds of explanations in biology, such as teleological versus causal explanations, all illustrated by the question of why warblers begin to migrate south from New England in the fall. This section also examines some of the recent philosophical studies on the nature of mechanisms in biology, and what elements are necessary for a mechanism to be successful as part of a scientific explanation. After discussing the nature of cause-and-effect in biology, and how causal relationships can be distinguished from simply correlations or accidental coincidences, the nature of bias in science is introduced to emphasize that science cannot eliminate all bias, and indeed that sometimes biases (or points of view) are extremely fruitful. The final part of the chapter is devoted to philosophical issues in biology: the nature of paradigms and paradigm shifts in biology, the materialist (as opposed to idealist) foundations of modern biology, and a review of both the strengths and weaknesses of science.
The Ceremonial Possession of a City: Ambassdors and their Carriages in Early Modern Rome

The carriage in early modern Rome assumed a powerful role in displaying pretentions to power for the city’s aristocracy and clergy. Early modern ambassadors—as representatives of their states—recognized the potential of carriages as a means of displaying their states’ claims to spatial and ceremonial authority in the streets of the papal capital. Ambassadors invested a good deal of their own revenues in purchasing expensive carriages, outfitting them with lavish decorations, and maintaining a retinue to follow them throughout the city. As they made their way through Rome in their carriages, ambassadors projected their state’s power by laying claim to the city’s ceremonial space. As such, the carriages became fraught with political tensions, often leading to violent confrontations between rival ambassadors and their retinues. This paper will argue that ambassadors used carriages as a ceremonial means of possessing the city’s space for their respective states.
Undocumented and College-Bound

This study examines how an urban, California high school supports undocumented students’ college access and the challenges the school and students encounter. Employing case study methodology, schoo...
Childhood Neglect, Internalizing Symptoms and Adolescent Substance Use: Does the Neighborhood Context Matter?

Childhood neglect is associated with risk behaviors in adolescence, including substance use. There is evidence that internalizing behaviors may serve as a mechanism linking childhood neglect and substance use; however, further research is needed to examine this developmental pathway. According to developmental and ecological approaches, the neighborhood context and the developmental timing of maltreatment should both be considered when examining the sequelae of childhood neglect. Hence, the present study uses a longitudinal sample of youth (N = 965, 49.1% female, 59.2% African-American) to examine the influence of timing in the relationship between childhood neglect and adolescent psychopathology, and to examine the indirect effects of child neglect on substance use via internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Furthermore, the role of neighborhood disorder in this indirect effect was tested. Five data collection time points were used: Time 1(M age = 4.557, SD age = .701), Time 2 (M age = 6.422, SD age = .518), Time 3 (M age = 12.370, SD age = .443), Time 4 (M age = 14.359, SD age = .452), and Time 5 (M age = 16.316, SD age = .615). The findings showed that internalizing problems mediated the link between the severity of neglect in early childhood and adolescent substance use, and this pathway was moderated by neighborhood disorder. These results have implications for preventative interventions aimed toward reducing substance use for at-risk adolescents.
State-ing Natural Resources through Law: The Codification and Articulation of Water Scarcity and Citizenship in Israel

Using the case of the Israeli Water Law, passed between 1955 and 1959, this article makes three arguments about the relationship between legal discourse and management of natural resources. First, it argues that categories (natural and cultural) that find their way into law do not necessarily correspond with reality; rather, they should be seen as the conclusion of a process of social construction, marking winners and losers in a game of interpretation and of politics. Second, once these categories are codified, once they become part of the legal discourse, they tend to become powerful instruments in structures of power; they shape natural and political orders, despite contestations and varying interpretations. Third, one of the sources of power is the fact that these social and natural categories are articulated together in ways that make legal codes seem extremely commonsensical—what Antonio Gramsci describes as the most powerful form of ideology. On the substantive level, this article argues that the I...
Decentralized Adaptive Stabilization and Tracking Control of Electrically-Driven Manipulators

Abstract This paper presents two new decentralized strategies for motion control of uncertain electrically-driven manipulators. The first controller is an adaptive position regulation scheme which ensures semiglobal asymptotic convergence of the position error if no external disturbances are present and semiglobal convergence to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero in the presence of bounded disturbances. It is shown that the regulation scheme can be modified to provide accurate trajectory tracking control through the introduction of adaptive feedforward elements in the control law; this second control strategy retains the simple decentralized structure of the first controller and ensures arbitrarily accurate tracking in the presence of bounded disturbances. Each of the adaptive schemes is very efficient computationally and requires virtually no information concerning either the manipulator or actuator models.
Broadband complex permittivity measurement of paraffin films at 26 GHz–1 THz using time domain spectroscopy

In this work, we report complex permittivity measurement of thick paraffin films at the frequency range of 26 GHz–1THz. Paraffin is a low loss dielectric polymer that exhibits a 15% volumetric change through its solid-liquid phase change. Unique electrical and mechanical properties of paraffin makes it an attractive phase change material for the development of millimeter wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) reconfigurable RF components such as variable capacitors and antennas. We employ a free-space measurement technique using time domain spectroscopy (TDS). Complex permittivity of paraffin is characterized over the frequency range of 26 GHz–1 THz by using Debye relaxation model to extrapolate the measurement data for lower frequencies. Measured relative permittivity of paraffin is 2.26 and loss tangent is measured to be 1.57 × 10−4 at 26 GHz and 0.006 at 1 THz.
An approach to the representation of iterative situations

Iterative sentences such as Mary knocked on the door four times, John played the sonata every other day, and Mary was often busy can be understood as asserting that some situation type is either repeated a certain number of times or with a certain frequency. The semantic content of iterative sentences has been standardly represented by some logical formula which quantifies over instances of a non-iterative situation type. The principal claim of this paper, and the basis of the representations proposed in it, is that we also require iterative situation types and instances in order to completely handle the range of possible interpretations of iterative sentences.
Determination of Constitution, Structure, and Bonding of Complex Ions in Solution by Raman Spectroscopy

Of the various methods employed for characterizing complex ions in solution, among the most direct is that of Raman spectroscopy. This method determines the vibrational spectrum of the complex species with a minimum of interference from the solvent and from other species present in the solution. By means of such studies in our laboratories, we have quantitatively characterized the complexes formed in the following aqueous systems: the cyanides of Cu(I), Ag(I), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Fe(II), Co(III) (1,2); the bromides of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Ga(III) (3, 4). We have investigated the nitrates, sulfates, and perchlorates of a wide variety of cations and found Raman evidence for complexes with nitrate of Ca(II), Ce(III), Th(IV), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II), Hg(II), Al(III), In(III) (5–7); evidence of inner-sphere sulfate complex formation was shown only by In(III) (5); no evidence was found for perchlorate complexes even from a careful study of Rarnan intensities and polarization ratios (in addition to the frequency measurements) (7); a Raman line characterizing the hydrated cation was found for Mg(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Ga(III), and In(III) (7).
The Ban on the Bomb – and Bombing: Iran, the U.S., and the International Law of Self-Defense

Since the March 2003, U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, rumors have persisted of a United States plan to attack Iran. Some U.S. officials are apparently willing to contemplate the use of military force to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Under international law, however, there is no right without Security Council authorization to use significant military force on the territory of another state to stop nuclear research. Knowing this, alternative arguments are being floated by those sympathetic to the plan to attack Iran. One such argument asserts that the U.S. could attack Iran on the basis of collective self-defense with Iraq or Israel. This article makes clear that the United States in fact has no right to attack Iran on the basis of collective self-defense either. International law prohibits the use of force except in response to an armed attack that is occurring or with Security Council authorization. Even when one of these two exceptions to the general prohibition exists, any lawful use of force must have a chance of succeeding - of accomplishing the military objective. Moreover, and most importantly in the case of Iran, any use of force must have a chance of succeeding in a way that does not cause disproportionate death, injury, or destruction. Iran's nuclear research sites are buried deep in the ground and scattered throughout the country near major population centers. Bombing these sites will accomplish little beside the deaths of many innocent people. The article concludes that the great legal and moral imperative to preserve the peace mandates that the United States find means other than military force to respond to Iran's nuclear ambitions. Negotiation has succeeded in the past in persuading states to give up nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon programs. Renewed United States commitment to negotiation, to the peaceful settlement of disputes and to international law in general will give it new authority to demand that Iran and all states respect their own international law obligations, including the obligation not to acquire nuclear weapons.
Continuum Simulations of Hypersonic Flows in Chemical and Thermal Nonequilibrium

The ability of the Navier–Stokes equations to capture the effects of strong chemical and thermal nonequilibrium on gas composition in a manner similar to the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) me...
Proximity-enhanced SuFEx chemical cross-linker for specific and multitargeting cross-linking mass spectrometry

Chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) is being increasingly used to study protein assemblies and complex protein interaction networks. Existing CXMS chemical cross-linkers target only Lys, Cys, Glu, and Asp residues, limiting the information measurable. Here we report a “plant-and-cast” cross-linking strategy that employs a heterobifunctional cross-linker that contains a highly reactive succinimide ester as well as a less reactive sulfonyl fluoride. The succinimide ester reacts rapidly with surface Lys residues “planting” the reagent at fixed locations on protein. The pendant aryl sulfonyl fluoride is then “cast” across a limited range of the protein surface, where it can react with multiple weakly nucleophilic amino acid sidechains in a proximity-enhanced sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction. Using proteins of known structures, we demonstrated that the heterobifunctional agent formed cross-links between Lys residues and His, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Lys sidechains. This geometric specificity contrasts with current bis-succinimide esters, which often generate nonspecific cross-links between lysines brought into proximity by rare thermal fluctuations. Thus, the current method can provide diverse and robust distance restraints to guide integrative modeling. This work provides a chemical cross-linker targeting unactivated Ser, Thr, His, and Tyr residues using sulfonyl fluorides. In addition, this methodology yielded a variety of cross-links when applied to the complex Escherichia coli cell lysate. Finally, in combination with genetically encoded chemical cross-linking, cross-linking using this reagent markedly increased the identification of weak and transient enzyme–substrate interactions in live cells. Proximity-dependent cross-linking will dramatically expand the scope and power of CXMS for defining the identities and structures of protein complexes.
Brain metastases in patients with low-grade endometrial carcinoma.

Abstract Objective To report characteristics of patients with low-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EC) who develop brain metastases. Methods We retrospectively identified all patients treated at our institution for FIGO grades 1/2 EC from 1/2000–12/2016, who developed brain metastases. Electronic medical records were reviewed, data abstracted. Overall survival (OS) was determined from time of brain metastases to death or last follow-up. Appropriate statistical tests were used. Results Of 3052 patients, 23 (9, grade 1; 14, grade 2) developed brain metastases (incidence = 0.75%). Presentation at initial diagnosis: median age = 61.3 years (range, 41–81); median BMI = 29.8 kg/m2 (range, 20.3–42.6 kg/m2); distribution by stage: I, 15/23 (65%); II, 2/23 (8.7%); III, 3/23 (13.0%); IV, 3 (13.0%). None showed clinical evidence of brain metastases at presentation. Median time to diagnosis of brain metastases = 29.7 months (range, 6–145); median age = 64.6 years (range, 47.5–86.5). Brain metastases were the first, isolated site of recurrence in 2/23 (9%). All presented with neurological symptoms. Six (26%) had solitary brain lesions. Seventeen (74%) received treatment; 6 (28%), supportive care only. Median OS for patients receiving any treatment = 5.8 months (95% CI, 1.6–10.0), versus 2.4 months (95% CI, 1.5–3.3; p = .04) for best supportive care. Conclusion Brain metastases in low-grade EC is rare, prognosis generally poor. Compared to supportive care only, any treatment results in more favorable outcomes.
A Middle-School Case Study: Piloting A Novel Visual Privacy Themed Module for Teaching Societal and Human Security Topics Using Social Media Apps

This Full paper in the Innovative Practice Category introduces an innovative visual privacy themed pre-university educational module using social media apps for creating privacy awareness as well as teaching societal and human security topics. With the advent of internet (World Wide Web) and social media, and the extensive use of these resources by naive young users, privacy issues pop up every now and then. The lack of privacy and security awareness may lead to confidential information leaks during the use of online contents, particularly social media. The current IEEE/ACM curricular guidelines in CS, IT and cybersecurity clearly point to a need for inclusion of societal and human security topics at the college level, so that a general awareness can be created regarding today’s growing privacy concerns, including privacy issues with media sharing. However, there is still a gap within the K-12 curriculum in regard to these security and privacy topics. Even though there has been some computing educational research work on the topic of data privacy at the K-12 level, the visual privacy theme under the societal and human security domain has hardly been explored within K-12. None of the K-12 cybersecurity educational modules have employed the privacy-enhanced computer vision theme along with a social media platform. This paper intends to address the this gap by presenting a visual privacy themed lesson plan using social media apps for teaching privacy, ethics and machine learning. Its main contribution is a unique visual privacy education based hands-on outreach module that utilizes the PVA (Privacy through Visual Anonymity) notion to teach privacy, ethics and machine learning using media images and videos. Our module uses two freely accessible apps, namely an Obscura Cam and YouTube - Face Blur. These apps are utilized to illustrate the concept of visual privacy and demonstrate PVA in pictures and media clips. Additionally, this paper describes our research case study conducted by piloting our PVA workshop module at the middle-school level. This paper discusses and analyzes the learner data obtained from the workshop participants as part of our Google IgniteCS outreach project. The learning analytics survey data collected during our PVA workshop sessions with various middle-school participants indicate that the described visual privacy module can become a simple yet effective tool for privacy literacy, as it can help build privacy perceptions in young minds. Our acquired results also suggest that that this PVA themed outreach lesson plan can be used as a potential medium for recruiting K-12 students into computing and cybersecurity disciplines.
Tie a yellow ribbon around a papillary muscle

An 8-year-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals status post complete repair including a fenestrated ventricular septal defect patch presented to the catheterization laboratory for fenestration closure. During the procedure, the catheterization wire was found to have an unusual intracardiac loop and was unable to be straightened within the heart. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography revealed the wire was looped around a right ventricular papillary muscle. The wire was readjusted, and the fenestration was successfully closed. Three-dimensional imaging was essential in unambiguously defining the catheter course and assisting in fenestration closure.
Renal atrophy secondary to chemoradiation treatment of abdominal malignancies

e15532 Background: Information on renal atrophy following abdominal chemoradiation (CRT) is limited. Methods: Patients who received concurrent CRT to the abdomen between 2002 and 2008 were identifi...
Corrigendum to "An Investigation of size-fractionated organic matter from Lake Superior and a tributary stream using radiocarbon, stable isotopes, and NMR" by Zigah, P.K., Minor, E.C., Abdullah, H.A.N., Werne, J.P. and Hatcher, P.G.: A reanalysis using recent radiocarbon blank information [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 127 (2014) 264-284]

Abstract This paper applies new information concerning the process blank for radiocarbon analysis of dissolved organic carbon using UV-oxidation and subsequent accelerator mass spectrometry analysis. Recent analyses at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility show that reported values for such samples should be updated to reflect a process blank of 22 ± 6 micrograms of carbon with a fraction modern of 0.3 ± 0.2. The effects of this blank upon δ13C were also assessed and found to be generally less than 0.2‰. While this process blank does not change interpretations of stable carbon isotope results, it does affect interpretations of carbon cycling in Lake Superior, with the lake's bulk dissolved organic carbon (Bulk DOC,
Introducing virtue ethics concepts into the decision processes of information systems trusted workers: a Delphi study

Human factors affect the incorporation and efficiency of information systems security (ISS). This study examined various factors which affect and shape the ethical perspectives and decision making processes of individuals with access to personal, sensitive, and classified information maintained in information systems. A two-round web-based Delphi survey was completed by a ten member panel of ISS subject matter experts who were convened to identify and establish the key indicators of four virtue ethics based formative constructs for ISS trusted worker decision making and conduct. Consensus was reached on the applicability of a set of indicators for each construct. The high level of agreement among panel members indicates that these constructs can be used to promote conceptual thinking about the influences and implications to the ISS culture in an organisation. The controls lay the foundation for future research as they can be incorporated into a new theoretical model of ISS trusted worker ethical behaviour.
Through-the-wall radar detection using machine learning

Abstract This paper explores the through-the-wall inverse scattering problem via machine learning. The reconstruction method seeks to discover the shape, location, and type of hidden objects behind walls, as well as identifying certain material properties of the targets. We simulate RF sources and receivers placed outside the room to generate observation data with objects randomly placed inside the room. We experiment with two types of neural networks and use an 80-20 train-test split for reconstruction and classification.
An Edge-Cloud Integrated Solution for Buildings Demand Response Using Reinforcement Learning

Buildings, as major energy consumers, can provide great untapped demand response (DR) resources for grid services. However, their participation remains low in real-life. One major impediment for popularizing DR in buildings is the lack of cost-effective automation systems that can be widely adopted. Existing optimization-based smart building control algorithms suffer from high costs on both building-specific modeling and on-demand computing resources. To tackle these issues, this paper proposes a cost-effective edge-cloud integrated solution using reinforcement learning (RL). Beside RL’s ability to solve sequential optimal decision-making problems, its adaptability to easy-to-obtain building models and the off-line learning feature are likely to reduce the controller’s implementation cost. Using a surrogate building model learned automatically from building operation data, an RL agent learns an optimal control policy on cloud infrastructure, and the policy is then distributed to edge devices for execution. Simulation results demonstrate the control efficacy and the learning efficiency in buildings of different sizes. A preliminary cost analysis on a 4-zone commercial building shows the annual cost for optimal policy training is only 2.25% of the DR incentive received. Results of this study show a possible approach with higher return on investment for buildings to participate in DR programs.
The Tragedy of Ukraine: Hard Lessons to Learn from the Classics

As the war in Ukraine enters its fifth year, it remains mired in debt, corruption, and strife. The country seems to be caught up, again, in a vicious cycle that has been repeating itself for decades, if not centuries. Classical Greek tragedy gives us a deeper look at the reasons behind Ukraine’s persistent failure to achieve social stability, and to suggest remedies. The tragic cycle can be broken through a compromise in which individual, social and divine aspirations for justice are reconciled. As long as Ukrainian leaders seek to achieve justice without compromise, the nation’s self-destructive cycle is likely to persist.
Fluxes and angular momentum

The Ashtekar-Streubel fluxes give a proposed definition of the angular momentum emitted by an isolated gravitationally radiating system. This was based on identifying a ``phase space of radiative modes,'' independent of any internal degrees of freedom, and using the Hamiltonian functions conjugate to the action of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) group as the energy-momentum, supermomentum, and angular momentum. However, there are some difficulties in formulating this phase space so as to get the proper degrees of freedom. I consider how to address this point, and also to identify circumstances in which the radiative modes are sufficiently decoupled that they can be assigned their own angular momentum. Two different phase spaces are considered. One, which seems to reflect what previous workers have done (it leads to the usual formulas for the Ashtekar-Streubel fluxes), is mathematically simpler, but this has unwanted degrees of freedom and is difficult to interpret physically. The second is a quotient of the first; it is better justified (at least in terms of degrees of freedom), and plausibly decouples the radiative angular momentum from internal modes (at least for systems which ultimately become stationary). The symplectic form for this quotient and the corresponding angular momentum flux involve highly nonlocal correlations. Both phase spaces are shown to have Poisson brackets implementing the BMS algebra. For both phase spaces, for axisymmetric spacetimes vacuum near null infinity, there can be no gravitational radiation of angular momentum about the axis of symmetry, although matter can carry off angular momentum in such cases.
Automated Detection of Mouse Pain Behavioral Readouts by Alternating Bottom-Up Pose and Paw Contact Measurements

SUMMARYThe lack of robust quantifiable behavioral assessments of pain in pre-clinical models, especially of ongoing pain, has been a major limitation for both pain neurobiology research and development of novel analgesics. Current methods typically require extensive animal-human observer interaction and are often followed by manual, thus subjective, scorings, which are susceptible to bias and variability, and are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Here we demonstrate that, by leveraging modern machine vision and machine learning tools, quantifiable features of the spontaneous behavior, or the “body language” of an animal recorded in a dark and observer-free environment from a bottom-up view, can be directly used to automatically detect and infer both the internal state of pain and analgesia in an animal, and from surface contact measurements the presence of mechanical hypersensitivity, in an objective manner. This approach minimizes animal handling, reduces numbers of animals needed and the potential for biased assessment, making it a useful tool for exploring the biology of pain and other neurological disorders, one readily scalable for pre-clinical drug efficacy assessment.
Legionella pneumophila LegC7 effector protein drives aberrant endoplasmic reticulum:endosome contacts in yeast

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, causing the severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. Legionella actively alters host organelle trafficking through the activities of "effector" proteins secreted via a type-IVB secretion system, in order to construct the bacteria-laden Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) and prevent lysosomal degradation. The LCV is created with membrane derived from host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory vesicles and phagosomes, although the precise molecular mechanisms that drive its synthesis remain poorly understood. In an effort to characterize the in vivo activity of the LegC7/YlfA SNARE-like effector protein from Legionella in the context of eukaryotic membrane trafficking in yeast, we find that LegC7 interacts with the Emp46p/Emp47p ER-to-Golgi glycoprotein cargo adapter complex, alters ER morphology and induces aberrant ER:endosome interactions, as measured by visualization of ER cargo degradation, reconstitution of split-GFP proteins and enhanced oxidation of the ER lumen. LegC7-dependent toxicity, disruption of ER morphology and ER:endosome fusion events were dependent upon endosomal VPS class C tethering complexes and the endosomal t-SNARE, Pep12p. This work establishes a model in which LegC7 functions to recruit host ER material to the bacterial phagosome during infection by driving ER:endosome contacts, potentially through interaction with host membrane tethering complexes and/or cargo adapters.