cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of bepridil on regional myocardial ischemia and comparison with verapamil.

Abstract This study was designed to assess the efficacy of bepridil in reducing regional myocardial ischemia and to compare its efficacy with that of verapamil. Forty-five anesthetized, open-chest dogs were subjected to three 5-minute occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), each followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion. Eleven dogs (group 1) served as controls. In 10 dogs, bepridil, 5 mg/kg, was administered before the third occlusion (group 2). In 11 dogs, verapamil was administered before the third occlusion (group 3). In each dog, on-line intramyocardial hydrogen ion concentration and carbon dioxide tension were measured in the myocardial segment supplied by the LAD. Regional myocardial contractility was assessed in this area with 2 pairs of ultrasonic crystals inserted to determine percent segmental shortening. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined during each occlusion by washout of xenon-127. The increase in hydrogen ion concentration and carbon dioxide tension did not change from occlusion 2 to occlusion 3 in the control group. Both bepridil and verapamil elicited a significant reduction in the extent of regional ischemia, evidenced by a reduction in the accumulation of hydrogen ions, in occlusion 3 vs occlusion 2. Systolic bulging occurred during all occlusions and the periods of reperfusion were not sufficient to allow complete recovery of regional function. Bepridil and verapamil each caused a significant increase in percent segmental shortening (both p
TASTE ACUITY AND AGING: A REVIEW

Studies on taste acuity and aging have been summarized with a review of the normal physiology of the sense of taste. The number of taste buds decreases with advancing age. Sweet and salt taste sensitivity are usually reported to decline with age. Changes in bitter sensitivity have been correlated with smoking. Denture wearers may complain of a decrease in taste when dentures are worn. Oral hygiene and a decrease in the sense of smell with aging are related to taste acuity. These changes in taste acuity with aging have important implications for nutrition counseling of older individuals.
Changes in optical properties as sensitive and characteristics of fusion phenomena

Abstract Many temperature dependent physical and chemical changes also involve changes in the optical properties of the sample; i.e., changes in the amount or color or polarization of light reflected from or transmitted through the sample. When an accurately measured temperature is changed in a prescribed manner, a very precise determination of the occurrence of a phenomenon can be made since the visual changes are often very large. Applications of a new apparatus for precise thermometry based on this method are shown. Organic and polymer fusion phenomena are described.
Subjective evaluation of compressed image quality

Lossy data compression generates distortion or error on the reconstructed image and the distortion becomes visible as the compression ratio increases. Even at the same compression ratio, the distortion appears differently depending on the compression method used. Because of the nonlinearity of the human visual system and lossy data compression methods, we have evaluated subjectively the quality of medical images compressed with two different methods, an intraframe and interframe coding algorithms. The evaluated raw data were analyzed statistically to measure interrater reliability and reliability of an individual reader. Also, the analysis of variance was used to identify which compression method is better statistically, and from what compression ratio the quality of a compressed image is evaluated as poorer than that of the original. Nine x-ray CT head images from three patients were used as test cases. Six radiologists participated in reading the 99 images (some were duplicates) compressed at four different compression ratios, original, 5:1, 10:1, and 15:1. The six readers agree more than by chance alone and their agreement was statistically significant, but there were large variations among readers as well as within a reader. The displacement estimated interframe coding algorithm is significantly better in quality than that of the 2-D block DCT at significance level 0.05. Also, 10:1 compressed images with the interframe coding algorithm do not show any significant differences from the original at level 0.05.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Increased surface resistance of rough copper surfaces in the terahertz regime

Previous study on the surface resistivity of copper surfaces measured at 400 and 650 GHz has been extended to 850 GHz. These measurements were conducted using a high quality factor quasi-optical hemispherical resonator. The measurements of the surface resistance of rough metallic surfaces and the effect of roughness on reflectivity will be discussed. The results will be compared with measurements from theoretical predictions.
New approximation guarantee for chromatic number

We describe how to color every 3-colorable graph with O(n0.2111) colors, thus improving an algorithm of Blum and Karger from almost a decade ago. Our analysis uses new geometric ideas inspired by the recent work of Arora, Rao, and Vazirani on SPARSEST CUT, and these ideas show promise of leading to further improvements.
Mutation of tyrosine 190 to alanine eliminates the inactivation of cytochrome P450 2B1 by peroxynitrite.

We have previously reported that cytochrome P450 2B1 was inactivated by peroxynitrite and that the decrease in the catalytic activity correlated with an increase in the nitration of tyrosine. Diges...
Laparoscopic Surgery in Girls and Female Adolescents

The realm of laparoscopic surgery has extended to include the neonate as well as the pediatric patient. The advent of new and smaller instrumentation has facilitated this goal. Previous procedures exclusively relegated to laparotomy can now be accomplished as outpatient procedures. Removal of the acute appendix, correction of torsion of an adnexa, as well as the appropriate diagnosis and initial treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease are now well established laparoscopic procedures. This article provides insight into the laparoscopic evaluation and management of a number of challenging clinical problems for the endoscopic surgeon, thus providing a minimally invasive approach for patients ranging from neonates to adults.
Neutrino-nucleus cross-section measurements at intense, pulsed spallation sources

There are several proposals to build facilities similar to the neutron spallation source (SNS) under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). These are also prolific sources of intermediate energy neutrinos. We have used the parameters of the SNS to compute the spectra, flux and time structure of neutrinos from stopped-pions and muons from protons impinging on a high-Z target. We demonstrate the feasibility of a broad programme of measurements of neutrino–nucleus cross-sections, important in weak interaction nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics that could be carried out at such facilities.
Identification and characterization of a neutralizing-epitope-containing spike protein fragment in turkey coronavirus

Little is known about the neutralizing epitopes in turkey coronavirus (TCoV). The spike (S) protein gene of TCoV was divided into 10 fragments to identify the antigenic region containing neutralizing epitopes. The expression and antigenicity of S fragments was confirmed by immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay using an anti-histidine monoclonal antibody or anti-TCoV serum. Polyclonal antibodies raised against expressed S1 (amino acid position 1 to 573 from start codon of S protein), 4F/4R (482-678), 6F/6R (830-1071), or Mod4F/Epi4R (476-520) S fragment recognized native S1 protein and TCoV in the intestines of TCoV-infected turkey embryos. Anti-TCoV serum reacted with recombinant 4F/4R, 6F/6R, and Mod4F/Epi4R in a western blot. The results of a virus neutralization assay indicated that the carboxyl terminal region of the S1 protein (Mod4F/Epi4R) or the combined carboxyl terminal S1 and amino terminal S2 protein (4F/4R) possesses the neutralizing epitopes, while the S2 fragment (6F/6R) contains antigenic epitopes but not neutralizing epitopes.
Periodic solutions of predator-prey equations simulating an immune response, II

Abstract The simplified model of G.I. Bell, which simulates an immune response, and which consists of a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, is studied. Critical values of two of the five positive parameters are found such that, as the parameters are passed through these critical values, a steady-state solution breaks into periodic oscillations. These oscillations are stable to small perturbations. These is the biological interpretation of two biological populations undergoing stable oscillations—and of a disease being at least under control.
A DROSOPHILA KINESIN-LIKE PROTEIN, KLP38B, FUNCTIONS DURING MEIOSIS, MITOSIS, AND SEGMENTATION

We show that klp38B, isolated as a mutation that dominantly prolongs blastoderm mitotic cycles in Drosophila, encodes a Drosophila kinesin-like protein. Further genetic analyses show that Klp38B not only functions during mitosis, but is also required for meiosis and abdominal segmentation. Sequence comparisons suggest that Klp38B encodes an amino-terminal microtubule motor domain, a central alpha-helical coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal globular domain. Evidence that Klp38B is required during meiosis is that flies transheterozygous for mutations in both klp38B and nod have a high frequency of 4th chromosome meiotic nondisjunction. Nod is a chromokinesin, a chromosome binding kinesin, that is believed to provide astral-exclusion forces during the metaphase stage of meiosis. Evidence that Klp38B is required during mitosis is that embryos from female germline clones of klp38B mutations have holes in the cuticle similar to a zygotic string (dCDC25) phenotype. Also, anti-Klp38B antibody injection into precellularization blastoderm embryos causes developmental arrest and the formation of circular mitotic figures. We speculate, based on these phenotypes, that Klp38B is a chromokinesin that provides astral-exclusion forces on the chromosomes during meiosis and mitosis. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have identified an HMG-1 homologous region on Klp38B that could potentially bind AT-rich DNA sequences. Finally, we show that klp38B mutations have defects in abdominal segmentation, suggesting that Klp38B, like Xenopus chromokinesin Xklp1, might be involved in polar granule formation.
ELSI Priorities for Brain Imaging

As one of the most compelling technologies for imaging the brain, functional MRI (fMRI) produces measurements and persuasive pictures of research subjects making cognitive judgments and even reasoning through difficult moral decisions. Even after centuries of studying the link between brain and behavior, this capability presents a number of novel significant questions. For example, what are the implications of biologizing human experience? How might neuroimaging disrupt the mysteries of human nature, spirituality, and personal identity? Rather than waiting for an ethical agenda to emerge from some unpredictable combination of the concerns of ethicists and researchers, the attention of journalists, or after controversy is sparked by research that cannot be retracted, we queried key figures in bioethics and the humanities, neuroscience, media, industry, and patient advocacy in focus groups and interviews. We identified specific ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) that highlight researcher obligations an...
Forty five years of international journal of fracture

The International Journal of Fracture has completed 45years of publication. Transition to the electronic age is nowmature; all aspects of the process—fromsubmission to typesetting to publication to archival storage— are now handled digital form. Backfiles have been converted to electronic form, and high quality pdf files of all papers published in the Journal over the last 45years are now available online. In keeping up with advances in electronic publishing, the Journal is pleased to launch an Electronic SupplementaryMaterials segment to articles published in the Journal. Such supplementary materials could include data archives, high resolution photographs, videos or animation, computer code segments, or other materials that enhance the quality and utility of the published article. These materials will be permanently archived, hyperlinked to the journal article, and available through the Journal portal. Copyright agreements associated with the print and electronic versions of the main article will also apply to the Supplementary
Left ventricular assist devices reduced the risk for death and increased 1-year survival in chronic end-stage heart failure

Source Citation Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, et al., for the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (REMATCH) Study Group. Long-term use ...
Viscoelastic behavior of computer tape subjected to periodic motion

The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical means for predicting the longitudinal motion of computer tape in a high-performance tape drive. In particular, this paper treats the motion that is governed by traveling velocity-stress wave reflections, attenuations, and interactions in the length of tape between the tangency point at the capstan and the tangency point at the stubby column in the drive. The motion of the tape was determined by solving the classical, damped, one-dimensional wave equation subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. J. C. Snowdon's low-damping constitutive model was used to describe the viscoelastic behavior of the tape. The solutions for simple boundary conditions were experimentally verified by mechanical impedance techniques. More complex boundary conditions, such as those for vacuum columns, were experimentally studied to determine the true mathematical boundary conditions. This paper also discusses simple unreflected harmonic waves, simple reflected harmonic waves, and general periodic reflected waves as examples. The significance of the wave interactions in the design of tape drives is considered.
INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION THAT MEDIATES FORMATION OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

Reciprocal signals between the motor axon and myofiber induce structural and functional differentiation in the developing neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Elevation of presynaptic acetylcholine (ACh) release on nerve-muscle contact and the correlated increase in axonal-free calcium are triggered by unidentified membrane molecules. Restriction of axon growth to the developing NMJ and formation of active zones for ACh release in the presynaptic terminal may be induced by molecules in the synaptic basal lamina, such as S-laminin, heparin binding growth factors, and agrin. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) synthesis by muscle cells may be increased by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), ascorbic acid, and AChR-inducing activity (ARIA)/heregulin, which is the best-established regulator. Heparin binding growth factors, proteases, adhesion molecules, and agrin all may be involved in the induction of AChR redistribution to form postsynaptic-like aggregates. However, the strongest case has been made for agrin's involvement. “Knockout” experiments have implicated agrin as a primary anterograde signal for postsynaptic differentiation and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), as a putative agrin receptor. It is likely that both presynaptic and postsynaptic differentiation are induced by multiple molecular signals. Future research should reveal the physiological roles of different molecules, their interactions, and the identity of other molecular participants.
Hutcheson's account of beauty as a response to Mandeville

(1990). Hutcheson's account of beauty as a response to Mandeville. History of European Ideas: Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 655-668.
Entanglement in cascaded-crystal parametric down-conversion.

Quantum interference experiments have been carried out to investigate the entanglement of two-photon states generated by two nonlinear optical crystals separated in space. We demonstrate the joint role of position-direction and frequency-time indistinguishability in defining the generated state.
Evolutionary innovation and ecology in marine tetrapods from the Triassic to the Anthropocene

Many top consumers in today's oceans are marine tetrapods, a collection of lineages independently derived from terrestrial ancestors. The fossil record illuminates their transitions from land to sea, yet these initial invasions account for a small proportion of their evolutionary history. We review the history of marine invasions that drove major changes in anatomy, physiology, and ecology over more than 250 million years. Many innovations evolved convergently in multiple clades, whereas others are unique to individual lineages. The evolutionary arcs of these ecologically important clades are framed against the backdrop of mass extinctions and regime shifts in ocean ecosystems. Past and present human disruptions to marine tetrapods, with cascading impacts on marine ecosystems, underscore the need to link macroecology with evolutionary change.
Preparation and properties of beef α-core from chymotryptic digestion of bovine growth hormone

Abstract A procedure for the preparation of a biologically active fraction (designated beef α-core) from chymotryptic digests of bovine somatotropin has been described. Certain biological, physicochemical, and immunological aspects of the product have been investigated.
The role of the socket in the periodontal healing of replanted dogs’ teeth stored in ViaSpan for extended periods

In a previous study on the extended storage of extracted dogs' teeth, it was hypothesized that changes in the socket environment might play a role in the periodontal healing of these teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the socket in the periodontal healing of replanted dogs' teeth. Extracted endodontically treated dogs' teeth were stored in ViaSpan for 6 hours and replanted into sockets after 6, 48 or 96 hours. Controls included teeth extracted and replanted immediately, 48-hour stored teeth replanted into 48-hour sockets and 96-hour stored teeth replanted into 96-hour sockets. After 6 months the dogs were killed and the teeth prepared for histologic evaluation according to Andreasen. Overall healing for the groups and healing for teeth within the groups were evaluated and compared. The best results were obtained when the teeth were replanted immediately. For the teeth stored in ViaSpan for 6 hours, complete healing decreased significantly as the age of the socket increased. In addition, the rate of replacement resorption increased significantly with increasing socket age for the 6-hour stored teeth. Forty-eight-hour stored teeth replanted into 48-hour sockets had the lowest healing rate with levels of inflammatory resorption not seen in the other groups. According to the results of this study, the socket environment plays an important role in the healing of replanted teeth in dogs.
Don't Give up Just Yet: Maintaining Species, Services, and Systems in a Changing World

Sandler’s paper, ‘Climate change and ecosystem management’ (2013), takes a clear-eyed and sober look at conservation via static reserves and ecosystem restoration in the context of climate change. It is a necessary discussion; while following traditional management practices is, in some ways, comforting and simple, the consequences of climate change throw those practices into a questionable light. Climate change makes achievement of their objectives extremely unlikely, and so their goals must change—losing their speciesprotection emphasis and falling back on more general goals of human interdependence, natural settings, and the like. We must revisit the goals of ecosystem management, better align our planning with the reality of climate change, and decide how interventionist our management should be. This paper is an excellent contribution, and this commentary (and its somewhat devil’s advocate approach) is offered in the spirit of debate. Sandler’s thesis is that species-specific or restoration oriented reserve planning goals are not justified, and therefore those goals must change. This lack of justification follows from the inherent difficulty of preserving species—it is not practical in a changing climate—and a shifting ecological context which decreases the value of those species. This commentary will address the practical and valuation argument, and then talk about some limitations of this approach—namely that ecosystem processes and services are not contingent on species in the first place, leading to some overly bleak conclusions.
Stress, anxiety, and dendritic spines: What are the connections?

Stressful life events, especially those that induce fear, can produce a state of anxiety that is useful for avoiding similar fearful and potentially dangerous situations in the future. However, they can also lead to exaggerated states, which over time can produce mental illness. These changing states of readiness versus illness are thought to be regulated, at least in part, by alterations in dendritic and synaptic structure within brain regions known to be involved in anxiety. These regions include the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. In this article, we review the reciprocal relationships between the expression of stress- and anxiety-related behaviors and stress-induced morphological plasticity as detected by changes in dendrites and spines in these three brain regions. We begin by highlighting the acute and chronic effects of stress on synaptic morphology in each area and describe some of the putative mechanisms that have been implicated in these effects. We then discuss the functional consequences of stress-induced structural plasticity focusing on synaptic plasticity as well as cognitive and emotional behaviors. Finally, we consider how these structural changes may contribute to adaptive behaviors as well as maladaptive responses associated with anxiety.
Collaborative Health Literate Depression Care Among Predominantly Hispanic Patients With Coronary Heart Disease in Safety Net Care

Objective To determine whether evidence-based socioculturally health literate–adapted collaborative depression care improves depression care, depressive symptoms, and quality of life among predominantly Hispanic patients with coronary heart disease. Methods The 12-month trial included 97 patients with coronary heart disease (79% of eligible patients) who met the depression criteria assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Patients were recruited from 3 safety net clinics and offered depression team care by a bilingual clinical social worker and community patient navigator, a consulting psychiatrist, and a primary care physician. The team provided problem-solving therapy (PST) or pharmacotherapy or both, telephone symptom monitoring and behavioral activation, and patient resource navigation support. Recruited patients were given patient and family member health literacy–adapted educational and community resource materials in Spanish or English. Results Overall, depression treatment was 74% (PST, 55%; PST plus antidepressant medications, 18%; and antidepressant medications alone, 2%). Nearly half of the patients showed a 50% reduction of the Symptom Checklist-20 (49% at 6 mo and 48% at 12 mo) and of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score with 47% of patients at 6 months and 43% at 12 months. The 50% improvement in Patient Health Questionnaire and Symptom Checklist-20 score reduction did not vary significantly between patients who received PST or antidepressant only or those who received PST plus antidepressant. The quality of life Short-Form Health Survey SF-12, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire, and the Sheehan Disability Scale outcomes also improved significantly. Conclusions Socioculturally literacy-adapted collaborative depression care was accepted by patients with coronary heart disease and improved depression care and symptoms, quality of life, and functional outcomes among predominantly Hispanic patients with heart disease.
Guiding research in family care: a new approach to oncology caregiving.

Objective: Much research has documented both negative emotional and physical health conditions that may result from providing care to a family member with an illness. However, little has been done in family caregiving, particularly in oncology, to evaluate pathways in which biological and behavioral responses to stress may interact. The purpose of this article is to describe how a mind-body (biobehavioral) model can be adapted to study family caregivers of persons with a brain tumor. Method: A systematic literature review was performed on caregiving literature in the area of dementia and oncology to provide support for proposed relationships in the model. Results: Prior research supports the application of a biobehavioral model to family caregiving in neuro-oncology and suggests ways in which emotional reactions to caregiving may be manifested as changes in physical health. Conclusion: Suggestions for conducting biobehavioral research in oncology caregiving and alternative variables for future research are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1/f noise in SOI buried oxides and alternative dielectrics to SiO2

We have studied the 1/f noise and the radiation response of transistors with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) buried oxides, and with Al 2 O 3 /SiOxNy/Si(100) gate dielectrics. The former is significant for understanding the response of advanced SOI transistor structures (e.g., double gate devices), and the latter is important for the incorporation of high-K gate dielectrics into advanced MOS processes. The 1/f noise of MOSFETs fabricated on silicon-implanted SOI buried oxides shows little change after 1 Mrad(SiO 2 ) irradiation. Silicon implantation creates shallow electron traps in the buried oxide of the SOI devices, leading to improved radiation tolerance, but also additional noise and bias instabilities. Whether the traps that lead to these instabilities are filled or empty does not significantly affect the 1/f noise of the back-channel transistor. Low frequency noise in the strongly coupled front-to-back (quasi double-gate) mode of device operation is also investigated, and found to help mitigate the 1/f noise in fully depleted SOI MOSFETs. The decrease in noise is associated primarily with an increase in the number of carriers in the channel for this quasi double-gate mode of operation. In transistors with high-K dielectrics, the low-frequency noise is significantly larger than typically observed for high-quality thermal SiO 2 thin films.
CELL-WALL COMPOSITION AND OSMOTIC FRAGILITY OF SELECTED MARINE BACTERIA.

Sud, I. J. (University of Florida, Gainesville), and M. E. Tyler. Cell-wall composition and osmotic fragility of selected marine bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 87: 696–700. 1964.—Cell-wall composition of three marine pseudomonads, selected to represent a spectrum of osmotic fragilities, was determined and compared with that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The walls of the marine bacteria were composed predominantly of lipoprotein. No sugars, except glucosamine, were detected, and the reducing values were similar to the respective hexosamine values. These varied from 0.9 to 1.8%, the most osmotically fragile marine bacterium possessing the lowest amount of hexosamine in the wall. Possible relationship between wall hexosamine content and osmotic fragility was indicated. Images
Accelerated radical innovation — The execution side lessons from a seed-stage technology incubator

The Accelerated Radical Innovation (ARI) Methodology is an integrated approach to shepherding radical innovation from initial vision through commercialization and integration into the economy within acceptable levels of risk, cost, and schedule. Extending over the full life cycle of the innovation, the methodology encompasses two major periods, an inception period (identification and assessment of four key challenge areas, comprehensive intelligence gathering and analysis leading to a detailed system vision of the innovation), and an implementation period (execution on the system vision through full commercialization). Most of the ARI methodology development to date has focused on the analytical aspects of the inception period. This paper focuses on the post-vision execution period. To understand how execution is successfully carried out in practice, the authors conducted a detailed study of an investor-funded seed-stage innovation incubation firm (ConduIT Corp.) and four of the seed-stage companies in its portfolio. Six factors were found to underlie ConduIT's success: (1) careful culling of innovation concepts for evidence of market need, manageable technical risk, and alignment of business interests; (2) an ultra-lean operating model to improve survivability through the innovation's “valley of death;” (3) creation of a business model to assure profitable commercialization; (4) internally provided coaching and professional services by ConduIT's principals; (5) strict accountability based on attainment of milestones; and (6) concentration within ConduIT's defined ecology (health care IT, digital media, and Web-based applications) so that its expertise and network can be used to greatest effect. ConduIT's experience offers five important lessons for radical innovation. First, an extended process of experimentation with products, strategies, and business models is needed. Second, early infusions of capital can create premature, counterproductive financial pressures on the innovator. Third, on the contrary, ConduIT has demonstrated that the early-stage experimentation process can be accomplished at a low burn rate (the “bootstrapping” approach), allowing fundamental concepts of the business to gel. Fourth, at the earliest stages of a technology enterprise, a large dose of improvisation in unavoidable. Last, the bootstrapping model forces innovators to go directly to the source of problems (rather than papering over them with cash), leading ultimately to a more agile, resilient, survivable enterprise. The lessons offered by ConduIT are incorporated as best practices into the ARI methodology.
Heart disease and geologic setting in Ohio

Analyses of surface water from 86 locations in 45 Ohio counties were studied to determine if any relationship existed between geologic setting, water chemistry, and disease. Concentrations of 11 ions, pH, total dissolved solids, and hardness were compared to geologic setting and to disease recorded in county death statistics for the years 1968 through 1971. Linear correlation of these data did not indicate any relation between heart-attack death rates and pH, hardness, or calcium or magnesium content, as had been suggested by several earlier studies. A slight positive correlation between heart-attack deaths with sulfate concentration and a slight negative correlation with bicarbonate concentration is now indicated. Counties having high heart-attack death rates and sulfate-rich water are nonglaciated areas underlain by coal-bearing strata, whereas counties having low heart-attack death rates and bicarbonate-rich water are in regions covered by Wisconsin glacial deposits.
Author and institution sources for articles of the journal for specialists in group work: Spring 1976 through march 1984

Abstract This article incorporates a point system to examine the sources for articles published in The Journal for Specialists in Group Work up to the March 1984 issue. Authors and their institutions are rated based on a point scale.
Heart failure in the elderly

Heart failure is the most common reason for hospitalization among older adults in the USA, and impacts five million people. Most people with heart failure are elderly, but in older people the management of the disease is complicated by comorbid conditions. Common problems in the elderly, such as dementia, frailty and depression, are more common in the elderly heart failure population. This review discusses an approach to identifying and managing these problems while managing heart failure. A suggested approach to older people with heart failure addresses the screening and integration of common geriatric problems into heart failure care.
The Psychic Cost of Doing Wrong Ethical Conflict, Divestiture Socialization, and Emotional Exhaustion

Many employees feel ethically conflicted at work, but research has yet to identify the specific mechanisms that give rise to this sense of ethical conflict. The authors propose that ethical conflicts occur when companies encourage employees to behave counter to their own sense of right and wrong during the process of organizational socialization. Employees who are subject to these pressures experience psychological distress. The authors’ study of 371 early career lawyers found that divestiture socialization was positively related to ethical conflict and that ethical conflict was related to higher emotional exhaustion and lower career fulfillment. Ethical conflict partially mediated the relationship between divestiture socialization and emotional exhaustion. Narrative comments provided by respondents reinforced the relationship between divestiture socialization and ethical conflict.
Impact of Insecticide Efficacy on Developing Action Thresholds for Pest Management: A Case Study of Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Onion

An action threshold (AT) is one of the most important decision-making elements in integrated pest management. Unlike economic thresholds, ATs are not typically derived from an economic injury level model, but they are more commonly used. ATs may be identified from research-based, pest-crop relationships, but they also may be based on experience. ATs may be adjusted depending on, e.g., weather and plant variety, but modifying ATs to accommodate differences in insecticide efficacy has received little attention. To examine this point, several combinations of ATs and insecticides were evaluated against onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a major pest of onion (Allium cepa L.). Studies were conducted in New York onion fields from 2006 to 2008 by using registered insecticides for T. tabaci on onions. We hypothesized that the most efficacious insecticides would provide acceptable control of thrips populations regardless of AT (one, three, and five thrips per leaf), whereas less effective products would only control populations using the lowest AT (one thrips per leaf). Results indicated that T. tabaci infestations were managed effectively when spinetoram was applied after a three larvae per leaf threshold, but not when using lambda-cyhalothrin, methomyl or formetanate hydrochloride. However, T. tabaci infestations were managed well when methomyl and formetanate hydrochloride were applied after a one larva per leaf threshold. T. tabaci infestations were never controlled using lambda-cyhalothrin, regardless of the AT used. None of the products reduced T. tabaci populations to an acceptable level when applied at a five larvae per leaf threshold. Implications of adjusting ATs based on efficacy of different insecticides are discussed.
Characterization of polyanhydride microsphere degradation by DSC

Microspheres (2.91 μm diameter) were formed from poly(fumaric-co-sebacic anhydride) (P(FASA)) using a phase inversion microencapsulation technique. Blank microspheres, protein-loaded microspheres, and raw polymer were degraded in water for varying lengths of time to determine how degradation affects morphology and crystallinity. The rate of degradation was subsequently characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and step-scan alternating DSC (SSADSC). As evident by the changing melting peak ratios during degradation, the protein-loaded microspheres were found to degrade at a more rapid rate than both the blank microspheres and the raw polymer, respectively. This was most likely because the release of protein from the microsphere surface led to an increased surface area available for degradation of this surface-eroding polymer.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems and Perceptual Computers: Their Similarities and Differences

In this chapter, we compare the interval type-2 fuzzy logic system and perceptual computer, so as to eliminate confusion among researchers about whether or not there really are differences between them. We show that there are many more differences than similarities between them by focusing on the following six issues: inputs and membership functions, fuzzifier versus encoder, rules versus computing with words (CWW) engines, inference versus output of CWW engine, output processing versus decoder, and outputs versus recommendation plus data.
Teaching Students the Importance of Accuracy in Research

Experimental psychology courses provide students with critical research experience. Students in these courses must learn that precision in recording, analyzing, and interpreting data is an essentia...
Estimating divergence times of lizardfishes and their allies (Euteleostei: Aulopiformes) and the timing of deep-sea adaptations

The divergence times of lizardfishes (Euteleostei: Aulopiformes) are estimated utilizing a Bayesian approach in combination with knowledge of the fossil record of teleosts and a taxonomic review of fossil aulopiform taxa. These results are integrated with a study of character evolution regarding deep-sea evolutionary adaptations in the clade, including simultaneous hermaphroditism and tubular eyes. Divergence time estimations recover that the stem species of the lizardfishes arose during the Early Cretaceous/Late Jurassic in a marine environment with separate sexes, and laterally directed, round eyes. Tubular eyes have arisen independently at different times in three deep-sea pelagic predatory aulopiform lineages. Simultaneous hermaphroditism evolved a single time in the stem species of the suborder Alepisauroidei, the clade of deep-sea aulopiforms during the Early Cretaceous. This result indicates the oldest known evolutionary event of simultaneous hermaphroditism in vertebrates, with the Alepisauroidei being the largest vertebrate clade with this reproductive strategy.
Traumatic testicular dislocation after minor trauma in a pediatric patient.

Abstract Background Traumatic dislocation of the testicle is a rare injury that may result from blunt abdominopelvic trauma. The majority of cases reportedly occur in young adults secondary to severe scrotal trauma during high-speed motorcycle crashes. Our review of the available English medical literature revealed only one pediatric case. Objective We present a case of pediatric testicular dislocation and torsion resulting from minor abdominopelvic trauma. The case report is followed by a brief review of the available literature. Case Report A 10-year-old boy presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with abdominal pain. He had suffered a strike to the abdomen and groin during an attempt at flipping over a “monkey bar” at school. A tender mass was found in his right inguinal canal and the genital examination revealed an empty right hemiscrotum. Bedside ultrasonography was used to locate the testicle and it was noted by color-flow Doppler to lack demonstrable blood flow. The patient was taken emergently to the operating room, where he underwent orchiopexy and hernia repair after a viable testicle was found. He had a subsequently uneventful recovery. Conclusion Although rare, testicular dislocation may be a serious result of abdominopelvic trauma. Emergency providers who care for trauma patients must include this condition in their differential diagnosis; to do otherwise risks a delay in diagnosis that may affect testicular viability. In this case, testicular dislocation may have resulted from the combination of trauma and a previously undiagnosed indirect inguinal hernia.
Molecular Dissection of Zyxin Function Reveals Its Involvement in Cell Motility

Spatially controlled actin filament assembly is critical for numerous processes, including the vectorial cell migration required for wound healing, cell- mediated immunity, and embryogenesis. One protein implicated in the regulation of actin assembly is zyxin, a protein concentrated at sites where the fast growing ends of actin filaments are enriched. To evaluate the role of zyxin in vivo, we developed a specific peptide inhibitor of zyxin function that blocks its interaction with α-actinin and displaces it from its normal subcellular location. Mislocalization of zyxin perturbs cell migration and spreading, and affects the behavior of the cell edge, a structure maintained by assembly of actin at sites proximal to the plasma membrane. These results support a role for zyxin in cell motility, and demonstrate that the correct positioning of zyxin within the cell is critical for its physiological function. Interestingly, the mislocalization of zyxin in the peptide-injected cells is accompanied by disturbances in the distribution of Ena/VASP family members, proteins that have a well-established role in promoting actin assembly. In concert with previous work, our findings suggest that zyxin promotes the spatially restricted assembly of protein complexes necessary for cell motility.
Overextraction of latent trajectory classes: Much ado about nothing? Reply to Rindskopf (2003), Muthén (2003), and Cudeck and Henly (2003)

The comments on D. J. Bauer and P. J. Curran (2003) share 2 common themes. The 1st theme is that model-checking procedures may be capable of distinguishing between mixtures of normal and homogeneous nonnormal distributions. Although useful for assessing model quality, it is argued here that currently available procedures may not always help discern between these 2 possibilities. The 2nd theme is that even if these 2 possibilities cannot be distinguished, a growth mixture model may still provide useful insights into the data. It is argued here that whereas this may be true for the scientific goals of description and prediction, the acceptance of a model that fundamentally misrepresents the underlying data structure may be less useful in pursuit of the goal of explanation.
A case–control study of incident rheumatological conditions following acute gastroenteritis during military deployment

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the risk of incident rheumatological diagnoses (RD) associated with self-reported diarrhoea and vomiting during a first-time deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Such an association would provide evidence that RD in this population may include individuals with reactive arthritis (ReA) from deployment-related infectious gastroenteritis. Design This case–control epidemiological study used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to compare the odds of self-reported diarrhoea/vomiting among deployed US military personnel with incident RD to the odds of diarrhoea/vomiting among a control population. Setting We analysed health records of personnel deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, including responses on a postdeployment health assessment and medical follow-up postdeployment. Participants Anonymous data were obtained from 891 US military personnel with at least 6 months of medical follow-up following a first-time deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan in 2008–2009. Cases were defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes; controls had an unrelated medical encounter and were representative of the study population. Main outcome measures The primary measure was an association between incident RD and self-reported diarrhoea/vomiting during deployment. A secondary measure was the overall incidence of RD in this population. Results We identified 98 cases of new onset RD, with a total incidence of 161/100 000 persons. Of those, two participants had been diagnosed with Reiter9s diseasei (3.3/100 000 persons) and the remainder with non-specific arthritis/arthralgia (157.5/100 000 persons). The OR for acute diarrhoea was 2.67 (p=0.03) after adjusting for important covariates. Conclusions Incident rheumatological conditions, even those classified as ‘non-specific,’ are significantly associated with prior severe diarrhoea in previously deployed military personnel, potentially indicating ReA and need for preventive measures to reduce diarrhoeagenic bacterial exposures in military personnel and other travellers to the developing regions.
A foundation for kilorobotic exploration

A new concept for coordinating large-scale autonomous robot exploration teams having populations in the thousands is introduced along with several illustrative scenarios. Inspired by constructs found within the human immune system, the Immunology-derived Distributed Autonomous Robotics Architecture (IDARA) was developed so that exploratory actions are refined and followed by specific and mediated responses. The foundations of the IDARA model are derived from the immune network model; in particular, interactions derived from the innate immune system are integrated to yield a stronger first-order, all-purpose search strategy. Using this architecture as a foundation, the work develops methods for kilorobotic exploration in dynamic environments. As characterized via computer simulations with robot populations of up to 1,500 robots, IDARA-based exploration proved to be a robust and compact method for largescale multirobot coordination that combines reflexive and deliberative control methods in an opportunistic fashion, mimicking the human immune system.
Mesh Tally Radiation Damage Calculations and Application to the SNS Target System

A new method for the calculation of radiation damage parameters in large geometries encompassing multiple materials using the MCNPX mesh tally has been developed. The method has been tested against previously published calculations of the displacement rate for protons and neutrons at the center of the SNS 316LN stainless steel target vessel nose. Displacement rates for neutrons, protons, and the total using the mesh tally method are shown to agree with previous work. The mesh tally method is also applied to the SNS aluminum moderator vessels and to the SNS inner reflector plug composed of aluminum, beryllium, and stainless steel. Results are given for displacement, helium, and silicon production rates.
Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases: An Emerging Combined Subspecialty in the United States

The recent rise in unfilled training positions among infectious diseases (ID) fellowship programs nationwide indicates that ID is declining as a career choice among internal medicine residency graduates. Supplementing ID training with training in critical care medicine (CCM) might be a way to regenerate interest in the specialty. Hands-on patient care and higher salaries are obvious attractions. High infection prevalence and antibiotic resistance in intensive care units, expanding immunosuppressed host populations, and public health crises such as the recent Ebola outbreak underscore the potential synergy of CCM-ID training. Most intensivists receive training in pulmonary medicine and only 1% of current board-certified intensivists are trained in ID. While still small, this cohort of CCM-ID certified physicians has continued to rise over the last 2 decades. ID and CCM program leadership nationwide must recognize these trends and the merits of the CCM-ID combination to facilitate creation of formal dual-training opportunities.