cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The community‐wide and guild‐specific effects of pubescence on the folivorous insects of manzanitas Arctostaphylos spp.

Insect communities on 26 species of manzanita Arctostaphylos spp. (Ericaceae) were sampled in order to examine the effects of variation in foliar pubescence traits on a community of folivorous insects. Manzanitas vary widely in pubescence density, length, and glandularity both within and between species. 2. Linear models were fitted and evaluated to determine whether pubescence traits are associated with the species richness and abundance of folivorous insects after accounting for the effects of other relevant habitat and host-plant related characteristics. 3. Pubescence traits were clearly associated with both community-wide and guild-specific variation in the structure of the folivorous insect community of manzanitas, however the effects of pubescence were manifested primarily as effects on the abundance of folivores not on species richness. The species richness of folivorous insects on manzanitas was not associated with pubescence density or length but was associated positively with glandularity. 4. The abundance of all guilds except leaf-mining insects was lower on manza- nitas having longer pubescence. In contrast, the abundance of external-chewing insects was higher on plants having denser pubescence and on plants having glandular pubescence. 5. Overall, the results suggest that both longer pubescence and the amount of contact between an insect and pubescence act quantitatively to decrease the abundance of external-feeding guilds of folivorous insects. The abundance of species in internal-feeding guilds that oviposit directly on leaves is unrelated to foliar pubescence traits in the host plant.
Experiments in automatic meeting transcription using JRTK

We describe our early exploration of automatic recognition of conversational speech in meetings for use in automatic summarizers and browsers to produce meeting minutes effectively and rapidly. To achieve optimal performance we started from two different baseline English recognizers adapted to meeting conditions and tested the resulting performance. The data were found to be highly disfluent (conversational human to human speech), noisy (due to lapel microphones and environment), and overlapped with background noise, resulting in error rates comparable so far to those on the CallHome conversational database (40-50% WER). A meeting browser is presented that allows the user to search and skim through highlights from a meeting efficiently despite the recognition errors.
Determining brain death in adults

Overview. The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) is charged with developing guidelines for neurologists for diagnostic procedures, treatment modalities, and clinical disorders. The present document is intended to provide background for the report “Practice Parameters for Determining Brain Death in Adults” (in this issue), which has been produced by the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the AAN and approved by the AAN Executive Board. This document outlines diagnostic criteria for the chical diagnosis of brain death in patients older than 18 years. The recommendations for diagnosis in neonates and children have been published as a position paper by the American Academy of Pediatrics’; in addition, a review paper can be consulted.‘ The sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests that confirm the clinical diagnosis of brain death are discussed. Justification. Brain death is seen frequently as a result of severe head injury, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hem~rrhage.~.~ In medical and surgical intensive care units, large ischemic strokes associated with brain swelling and herniation, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after prolonged cardiac resuscitation or asphyxia, and massive brain edema in patients with fulminant hepatic necrosis are the most common causes of brain death.7-9 In large referral hospitals, neurologists or neurosurgeons may diagnose brain death
The Role of the Insulin‐like Growth Factor I Receptor in Transformation and Apoptosis

: The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) regulates cell proliferation by at least three different mechanisms: (1) it is mitogenic; (2) it is required for the establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype; and (3) it protects cells from apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
Increased sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist during cocaine withdrawal in the rat

The effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist on locomotor activity was examined during withdrawal from either self-administered or experimenter-administered cocaine. In the self-administration experiment, the locomotor response to a challenge injection of cis-flupenthixol was assessed in photocell cages at 4 h after the cessation of a 12-h cocaine self-administration session. Rats which had self-administered cocaine, and were challenged with cis-flupenthixol (0.05 mg/kg), were found to be hypoactive relative to controls. In the experimenter-administered cocaine experiment, animals were given eight IP injections of 15 mg/kg cocaine over a 9.5-h period, for a total of 120 mg/kg. At 4, 8, and 24 h (tested in three separate groups of rats) after cessation of the eight injections, the locomotor response to a challenge injection of saline or cis-flupenthixol was tested. Cocaine-treated animals displayed a dose-dependent, heightened sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effects of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg cis-flupenthixol 4 h post-cocaine, whereas they did not show increased sensitivity to 0.05 mg/kg cis-flupenthixol 8 or 24 h post-cocaine. However, cocaine-treated animals displayed a mild hypoactivity 8 h post-cocaine. In a separate group of animals, a dose-response experiment was performed which indicated that a dose of cis-flupenthixol as high as 0.2 mg/kg was required to produce locomotor depression in cocaine-naive rats. The results of this study support clinical observations of dopamine antagonist-precipitated motor dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers, and lend further support to the hypothesis that alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission consequent to prolonged cocaine exposure are partly responsible for some of the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal.
Gender and firm-size: Evidence from Africa

A number of studies show that relative to male owned businesses, female owned businesses are smaller in size. However, these studies are restricted to the developed countries. We find similar results for firms in the unregistered sector of developing countries of Burkina Faso, Cameroons, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Madagascar and Mauritius.
Mining anomalies using traffic feature distributions

The increasing practicality of large-scale flow capture makes it possible to conceive of traffic analysis methods that detect and identify a large and diverse set of anomalies. However the challenge of effectively analyzing this massive data source for anomaly diagnosis is as yet unmet. We argue that the distributions of packet features (IP addresses and ports) observed in flow traces reveals both the presence and the structure of a wide range of anomalies. Using entropy as a summarization tool, we show that the analysis of feature distributions leads to significant advances on two fronts: (1) it enables highly sensitive detection of a wide range of anomalies, augmenting detections by volume-based methods, and (2) it enables automatic classification of anomalies via unsupervised learning. We show that using feature distributions, anomalies naturally fall into distinct and meaningful clusters. These clusters can be used to automatically classify anomalies and to uncover new anomaly types. We validate our claims on data from two backbone networks (Abilene and Geant) and conclude that feature distributions show promise as a key element of a fairly general network anomaly diagnosis framework.
ESAP: Efficient and scalable authentication protocol with conditional privacy for secure vehicular communications

Security mechanisms such as authentication, message integrity, and non-repudiation are extremely important features for both vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications in vehicular ad hoc networks. This paper proposes an Efficient and Scalable Authentication Protocol (ESAP) that provides anonymity and conditional privacy for vehicular ad hoc networks based on the self-generated certificates. The proposed ESAP provides all required security services such as authentication, message integrity, non-repudiation and revoking malicious vehicles in an efficient and scalable manner while supporting user anonymity, location privacy and conditional privacy. Moreover, accuracy of this protocol does not depend on the availability of Road Side Units.
Synaptic physiology of horizontal connections in the cat's visual cortex

Horizontal connections are a principal component of intrinsic cortical circuitry. They arise mainly from pyramidal cells and course parallel to the brain9s surface for distances as long as 8 mm, linking columns with shared orientation preference and allowing cells to integrate visual information from outside their receptive fields. We examined the synaptic physiology of the horizontal pathway in slices of the cat9s striate cortex and found that activating lateral fibers produced both excitation and inhibition. We recorded the postsynaptic responses of identified pyramidal cells in layer 2 + 3 of area 17 to electrical shocks applied at three sites: in the home column of the impaled neuron either in layer 2 + 3 or 4, or at a lateral distance of 0.9–3 mm in layer 2 + 3. Within the home column, suprathreshold stimuli produced compound EPSPs with action potentials, followed by fast, GABAAergic IPSPs and a slower, GABABergic IPSP. For the distant stimulating site, the threshold response was an EPSP. Stronger shocks frequently evoked a disynaptic, GABAAergic IPSP that truncated the EPSP and could dominate the postsynaptic response. At the resting potential, the horizontally evoked EPSP was too small to elicit spikes. With depolarization of the membrane, however, it grew several hundred-fold. This amplification was blocked by N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)triethylammonium bromide (QX-314), but not by 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), indicating that it was mediated by Na+ channels, rather than by NMDA receptors. We propose that the horizontal connections provide the means for stimuli outside the receptive field to modulate activity elicited within its confines. The voltage-dependent enhancement of the laterally evoked EPSP may explain why stimulating the surround by itself fails to drive cells but can facilitate their response to stimuli within the receptive field. The ability to initiate disynaptic inhibition from lateral sites shows that recruiting appropriate groups of horizontal fibers can also have a suppressive effect. Thus, the effect of horizontal input is state dependent, with the size and sign of the laterally evoked response changing according to the balance of converging inputs.
Enforced expression of Bcl-x(S) induces differentiation and sensitizes chronic myelogenous leukemia-blast crisis K562 cells to 1-β-D- arabinofuranosylcytosine-mediated differentiation and apoptosis

Human chronic myelogenous leukemia-blast crisis K562 cells have been demonstrated to be relatively resistant to antileukemic drug-induced apoptosis. This has been attributed to the activity of p21O��’ tyrosine kinase present in the K562 cells, which is known to suppress drug-induced apoptosis. Recently, K562 cells have been shown to express the antiapoptosis BcI-xL but not BcI-2 proteins. To investigate the contribution of BcI-xL toward resistance to drug-induced apoptosis, we created K562IBcI-x� and K582/neo cells by electroporating the expression
All-optical sub-carrier label swapping with 2R regeneration

We propose and demonstrate an all-optical sub-carrier label-swapping subsystem with 2R regeneration and wavelength conversion. The experimental results show error-free operation as well as regenerating operation with negative power penalty.
T-Tau and P-Tau in Brain and Blood from Natural and Experimental Prion Diseases

Synaptic abnormalities are prominent in prion disease pathogenesis and are responsible for functional deficits. The microtubule associated protein, Tau, binds to and stabilizes microtubules in axons ensuring axonal transport of synaptic components. Tau phosphorylation reduces its affinity for microtubules leading to their instability and resulting in disrupted axonal transport and synaptic dysfunction. We report on the levels of total Tau (T-Tau) and phosphorylated Tau (P-Tau), measured by highly sensitive laser-based immunoassays, in the central nervous system and biofluids from experimentally transmitted prion disease in mice and natural cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) in humans. We found that, in contrast to sCJD where only the levels of T-Tau in brain are increased, both T-Tau and P-Tau are increased in the brains of symptomatic mice experimentally infected with the ME7, 139A and 22L mouse-adapted scrapie strains. The increased levels of T-Tau in sCJD brain, compared to control samples, were also observed in patient plasma. In contrast, there was no detectable increase in T-Tau and P-Tau in plasma from symptomatic experimentally infected mice. Furthermore, our data suggests that in mice showing clinical signs of prion disease the levels and/or ratios of T-Tau and P-Tau are only a useful parameter for differentiating the mouse-adapted scrapie strains that differ in the extent of disease. We conclude that the neuropathogenesis associated with P-Tau and synaptic dysfunction is similar for at least two of the mouse-adapted scrapie strains tested but may differ between sporadic and experimentally transmitted prion diseases.
Introductory Remarks to Alfonso Cardinal Trujillo's the Nature of Marriage and Its Various Aspects

Dr. Peters provides an introduction to Cardinal Lopez Trujilo’s article, The Nature of Marriage and Its Various Aspects. Specifically, the author introduces the article to an audience that might not be familiar with some of the assumptions underlying the Cardinal’s theses. Cardinal Trujillo divides his article into two main sections followed by some short concluding remarks. Throughout his article, the Cardinal follows a classical philosophical methodology: first, setting out the nature of marriage (including how that nature has been lifted up by Christ); and second, turning to an examination of how the natural and sacramental reality that is marriage has been distorted in society. He concludes with some suggestions for further reflection and positive action. The first of the two large sections, subtitled “The Nature of Marriage,” is the lengthier and, in some ways, the more important. No serious discussion of marriage and the crisis it faces in the West can be profitably undertaken without a clear understanding of what marriage is in the first place. The patience with which Cardinal Trujillo sets out the ever-ancient, ever-new truth about marriage is, the author suggests, a sign of the pastoral solicitude that a man with twenty years of diocesan leadership experience develops.
Environmental Effects of Rural Land Use

ECONOMIC growth in the United States generates various phenomena, one of which is its urbanizing effect on the entire society. This urbanization process likewise affects rural communities and the use of land resources in rural areas. National attention has been focused recently on social and economic conditions in rural America [11]. Economic growth brought also a much greater interdependence of people, regions and resources. The economic hinterland of a "fundamental community of 1968 is about 50 miles and its area is about 5,000 square miles ... the functional economic areas of 1968 include from 100,000 to 200,000 or more people" [5, p. 1139]. The term rural land use, might be subject to different interpretations because the differentiation between urban and rural land use has recently become blurred, especially when analyzed from a sociological and economic point of view [1]. The use of land resources is frequently associated with the resource oriented industries such as agriculture, forestry, mining, and, in coastal areas, the fishing industry. Rural land use is sometimes used as a synonym for sparsely populated areas of the United States. I wish to define rural land use as the physical and economic supply of natural resources in non-urban areas, where urban is to include the urban fringe area. Rural land use, or somewhat rephrased, the use of the open country, currently receives national attention as a "by-product" of the emphasis placed on the quality of environment. Several trends are affecting the current use of land resources in rural areas. Clawson observed in this respect that "a major but unplanned and unguided redistribution pattern of the population on land is underway in the United States" [4, p. 65]. Rising disposable income generated an increase in demand for a large number of outdoor recreation opportunities, as well as for seasonal (or second) homes. The location of these homes has an impact on the land use pattern in rural areas. The interstate highway system provides easy access to rural areas and connects these areas with metropolitan regions. It, too, is a major factor affecting the use of land resources in these areas.
Intentional Conversations about Restorative Justice, Mediation and the Practice of Law

In November 2003 the Dispute Resolution Institute at Hamline University School of Law hosted the third, biennial symposium on Advanced Issues in Dispute Resolution entitled “International Conversations about Restorative Justice, Mediation and the Practice of Law.” The purpose of the symposium series is to bring together a range of scholars and professionals to engage in purposeful conversation around critical issues in the field of conflict studies and dispute resolution. The choice of the November 2003 Symposium theme was the result of a number of factors. First, restorative justice programs are springing up across the country and restorative justice approaches are increasingly representing the cutting edge of the dispute resolution field both nationally and internationally. Second, there is a growing concern across professional disciplines with the notion of social healing and the desire, particularly, to explore how lawyers and dispute resolution practitioners can learn to regard themselves as social healers. Third, there is a disquieting sense among some mediators and dispute resolution academics that the mediation field has lost some footing and that, perhaps, the interaction between those interested in mediation and restorative justice practitioners might re-kindle something of the original vision behind the field of mediation. Finally, it was hoped that the symposium would give all three fields the opportunity to influence one another toward a greater possibility for social healing. This article introduces the symposium themes, summarizes symposium scholarship, and contains an edited transcript of key portions of the symposium’s “intentional” conversation.
Teaching shader programming through team-based learning in a computer graphics course

This paper describes the author's experience completely redesigning his computer graphics course to teach OpenGL shader programming through team-based learning. In the team-based learning approach to the course students read chapters from the textbook outside of class time and take quizzes through the University's course management system. During class, students work in teams to complete laboratory activities and assignments that help to strengthen their understanding of the material from the textbook. Course evaluations suggest high student satisfaction with the new approach to the course.
Extension of an Associated Lattice–Fluid Equation of State to CO2 + Ionic Liquid Systems

We describe an extension of the Associated Lattice–Fluid (ALF) Equation of State (EOS) for correlating/predicting the volumetric and phase behavior of CO2 + imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) systems over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The EOS is based on the Guggenheim-Huggins-Miller lattice fluid partition function and includes a contribution for specific interactions between CO2 and CO2-philic functional groups in the IL. Although two adjustable parameters are incorporated in the model, these parameters do not depend on temperature or pressure. Furthermore, one of the parameters can be obtained via enthalpy of absorption measurements. The remaining parameter in the ALF EOS requires only one solubility isotherm for correlating/predicting both phase equilibrium and volumetric properties of CO2 + IL systems over a wide range of conditions.
Monetary Inducements and Mail Questionnaire Response

Nonresponse and incomplete response are two mail questionnaire problems. This article describes how two different monetary inducements meet these problems, as compared with no inducement.
D2 Dopamine Receptors Reduce N-Type Ca2+ Currents in Rat Neostriatal Cholinergic Interneurons Through a Membrane-Delimited, Protein-Kinase-C-Insensitive Pathway

Yan, Zhen, Wen-Jie Song, and D. James Surmeier. D2 dopamine receptors reduce N-type Ca2+ currents in rat neostriatal cholinergic interneurons through a membrane-delimited, protein-kinase-C-insensit...
Code parallelization through sequential code search

in this paper, we propose a new technique to recommend programmers with high quality parallel code that are similar to a given sequential code. This is done by transforming well-grounded parallel code A into its sequential equivalent B, storing them (A->B) into database, given a sequential code C, search the database for syntactic or semantic similar code B and retrieve its parallel version code A, which can be used as the replacement or reference for the original code C. We also outline our solutions towards realizing this technique and present a preliminary study that shows promising results.
Na(+)-H+ exchange in choroid plexus and CSF in acute metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.

Basolateral Na(+)-H+ exchange was analyzed with an in vivo model of choroid plexus (CP) epithelium in nephrectomized adult rats anesthetized with ketamine. Acid-base balance in blood was altered for 1 h over a pH continuum of 7.19 to 7.53 by equimolar intraperitoneal injections of HCl, NH4Cl, NaCl, or NaHCO3. Compartmental analysis enabled determination of CP intracellular pH (pHi) [dimethadione (DMO) method] and the choroid cellular concentration of 23Na (stable) and 22Na (tracer). HCl acidosis reduced the outwardly directed transmembrane basolateral H+ gradient, lowered the [23Na]i by 25%, and decreased the influx coefficient (Kin) for 22Na from blood into CP parenchyma (by 45% from 0.211 to 0.117 ml.g-1.h-1) and into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (by 43%, from 0.897 to 0.516). Compared with acid-loaded rats (HCl or NH4Cl), the NaHCO3-alkalotic animals had significantly enhanced uptake of 22Na into the CP-CSF system. This pH-dependent transport of Na+ from blood to CP was abolished by pretreatment with amil...
Novel Two-Dimensional Mechano-Electric Generators and Sensors Based on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as MoS2 and WSe2, provide two-dimensional atomic crystals with semiconductor band gap. In this work, we present a design of new mechano-electric generators and sensors based on transition metal dichalcogenide nanoribbon PN junctions and heterojunctions. The mechano-electric conversion was simulated by using a first-principle calculation. The output voltage of MoS2 nanoribbon PN junction increases with strain, reaching 0.036 V at 1% strain and 0.31 V at 8% strain, much larger than the reported results. Our study indicates that the length, width and layer number of TMDC nanoribbon PN junctions have an interesting but different impact on the voltage output. Also, the results indicate that doping position and concentration only cause a small fluctuation in the output voltage. These results have been compared with the mechano-electric conversion of TMDC heterojunctions. Such novel mechano-electric generators and sensors are very attractive for applications in future self-powered, wearable electronics and systems.
Invasive Techniques for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Infections

The strengths, limitations, and applications of invasive techniques for the diagnosis of respiratory infections are evaluated. Consideration of the type of infection suspected and appropriate selection of patients can enhance the diagnostic success rate of a technique and reduce complications.
Demand-Side Stabilization: Overheating, Hard Landing, and SAP Bubbles

In the previous chapter we examined the possibility of a shift in the goods market equilibrium from E0 to a higher equilibrium E1, which equated to an equivalent rightward shift in the aggregate demand (AD) curve. This chapter continues the analysis with a discussion of the specific fiscal and monetary policies by which the AD curve can be shifted to enact demand-side stabilization. This will be followed by an in-depth description of overheating, soft landings and hard landings.
Modern PID controller design for load frequency control

PID controllers are widely used in the load frequency control procedure in power systems. Stability and transient response are two significant design requirements. In this paper, a modern PID controller parameters design for a single unit load frequency control system is proposed. It is based on stabilizing sets design method and a modified characteristic ratio assignment method. Stabilizing sets can provide with all parameters that guarantee system stability. A modified characteristic ratio assignment criterion can lead to good transient response. Through these two procedures, a guided parameter set can be given to design PID parameters in the load frequency control system.
Music on the Mind: an introduction to this special issue of Neurocase.

Music is a universal feature of human culture, with instruments in the archeological record dating back 40,000 years. As such, its role in society has taken on many different forms: as a way of com...
Yeast for Mathematicians: A Ferment of Discovery and Model Competition to Describe Data

In addition to the memorization, algorithmic skills and vocabulary which are the default focus in many mathematics classrooms, professional mathematicians are expected to creatively apply known techniques, construct new mathematical approaches and communicate with and about mathematics. We propose that students can learn these professional, higher-level skills through Laboratory Experiences in Mathematical Biology which put students in the role of mathematics researcher creating mathematics to describe and understand biological data. Here we introduce a laboratory experience centered on yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) growing in a small capped flask with a jar to collect carbon dioxide created during yeast growth and respiration. The lab requires no specialized equipment and can easily be run in the context of a college math class. Students collect data and develop mathematical models to explain the data. To help place instructors in the role of mentor/collaborator (as opposed to jury/judge), we facilitate the lab using model competition judged via Bayesian Information Criterion. This article includes details about the class activity conducted, student examples and pedagogical strategies for success.
Scholar, Craftsman, and Priest: Learned Hand's Self-Imaging

terms relied upon by most lawyers as "scholasticism," Frank applied ideas culled from Freud's Future of an Illusion to the dominant assumptions of the legal profession, and argued that the belief in a "legal system" was driven by a "religious impulse," which was itself an effort to assert the presence of a heavenly father to replace one's mortal father as 16. In this article, I am adapting to a legal context an examination of self-cultivation I have used to examine literary critics. See C. Landauer, Ernst Robert Curtius and the Topos of the Literary Critic, forthcoming in DISCIPLINE OF THE DISCIPLINES (Bloch & Nichols eds. 1992); C. Landauer, Mimesis and Erich Auerbach's Self-Mythologizing, I 1 GERMAN STUD. REV. 83 (1988). The greatest influence on my interest in self-cultivation is the art historical work of Svetlana Alpers, especially her discussion of Rembrandt; see S. ALPERS, REMBRANDT'S ENTERPRISE (1988). My approach was stimulated as well by Stephen Greenblatt's literary critical work on self-cultivation; see S. GREENBLATT, RENAISSANCE SELF-FASHIONING (1980). 17. E. KANTOROWICZ, THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE: DOCUMENTS AND MARGINAL NOTES ON THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOYALTY OATH 6 (1950).
Evaluating the Types of Pharmacy Student Interventions Made During an Interprofessional 6-Week Adult Internal Medicine Rotation.

Introduction:The new standards for pharmacy education require that pharmacy students are involved in direct and interprofessional team-based care in multiple practice settings, which include “real-...
Ureteral Trauma: Effects of Ureteral Ligation with and without Deligation-experimental Studies and Case Reports

AbstractInadvertent ureteral ligation is a well recognized risk during abdominal, retroperitoneal and pelvic operations. The feasibility and the safety of ureteral ligation treated with deligation have been documented. Herein is presented an over-all evaluation of the experience with ureteral ligation treated by deligation in 32 dogs and 4 women.
A data-driven approach to power system dynamic state estimation

This paper evaluates a dynamic state estimation algorithm for power transmission systems, which operates without knowledge of the underlying system model. It relies purely on measurement data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) along with input data to the system (such as loads, field voltages). The algorithm uses Gaussian processes (GPs) to approximate the measurement and process functions. The hyperparameters of the GP are learned from past measurements and corresponding state estimates. The learned GP, in conjunction with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), facilitates sequential state estimation. The algorithm, when evaluated on IEEE 14-bus test case, gives an accuracy rate of over 94%.
On Mediation and Fragmentation: The Translator in Valeria Luiselli’s Los ingrávidos

Teniendo en cuenta las voces narrativas que traducen, la estructura y la geografia, el presente articulo examina la funcion de la traduccion en la novela Los ingravidos ( 2011 ) de Valeria Luiselli. Luiselli representa a los traductores de la novela como personajes liminales y efimeros que median el intercambio cultural; en el proceso de la traduccion, el lector puede ver que la identidad de los tres narradores se fractura al incorporarse a las vidas y los espacios geograficos de otros personajes. Las multiples capas de traduccion representadas en Los ingravidos , destacan, pues, la fragmentacion y transformacion de identidad experimentadas por estas figuras intermediarias. Palabras clave : traduccion, identidad, geografia, intertextualidad, fragmentacion In consideration of narrative voices that translate, structure, and geography, this article examines the function of translation within Valeria Luiselli’s novel Los ingravidos ( 2011 ). Luiselli represents translators in the novel as liminal and ephemeral characters that mediate cultural exchange; in the process of translation, the reader can see that the identity of the three narrators fractures as they are incorporated into the lives and spaces of others. The multiple levels of translation represented in Los ingravidos , then, highlights the fragmentation and transformation of identity that is experienced by these intermediary figures. Keywords: translation, identity, geography, intertextuality, fragmentation
Exercise Physiology and Nutrition Knowledge of Collegiate Cyclists

Introduction Cycling is an endurance sport that lends itself to numerous objective and quantitative data measurements. Measuring power, heart rate and other physiological factors is common among cyclists of all levels. The ability of collegiate cyclists to interpret and apply the data has not been thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the exercise physiology and nutrition knowledge of United States collegiate cyclists. Â Methods A pool of 143 collegiate cyclists, members of USA Cycling, agreed to participate in a 25 question, multiple-choice questionnaire that assessed various aspects of their knowledge of exercise physiology and nutrition. Subjects were both male and female, and came from a variety of collegiate riding backgrounds. Questions were administered via an online platform and grouped into two categories, exercise physiology and nutrition. Â Results Collegiate cyclists scored 79Â±17% correctly in the nutrition category and 64Â±20% in exercise physiology. Responses to individual questions within each category provided interesting data, with the majority of the athletes demonstrating good understanding of fuel sources, energy systems and cycling economy.Â More mixed responses were found in regards to knowledge of supplement regulation, knee angle recommendations and high altitude training Â Discussion and Conclusions Subjects scored well on questions regarding fuel sources, energy systems and cycling economy. Several questions received mixed feedback in this group of collegiate cyclists.Â Most notably on the topic of supplements, in which there is a concern that riders have poor understanding of the lack of supplement regulation in the United States. Increased cyclist awareness and education are needed to better inform collegiate cyclists about supplement regulation that can potentially influence health, performance and participation.Â Limitations of our study include heterogeneity of USA collegiate cyclists, which included all disciplines, and the lack of consensus within the literature on particular questions. Further research looking at the knowledge base of cyclists from different disciplines is indicated. Our pilot study indicated that collegiate cyclists would benefit from improved education on issues regarding exercise physiology and nutrition, which can impact performance and health in competitive cycling.
The Self-Report Habit Index: Assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, e-cigarette, and cigarette use

Abstract Background Substance use is partially driven by habitual processes that occur automatically in response to environmental cues and may be central to users’ identities. This study was designed to validate the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) for assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use. Methods We examined the SRHI’s psychometrics in separate samples of adult marijuana ( N s = 189;170), alcohol ( Ns = 100;133), cigarette ( Ns = 58;371), and e-cigarette ( N = 239) users. Results A 6-item, single-factor solution evidenced good fit across substances (CFI marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes = 0.996/0.997/0.996/0.994, RMSEA = 0.046/0.047/0.067/0.068, SRMR = 0.017/0.017/0.010/0.015) and internal consistency (α = 0.88/0.94/0.95/0.91). The SRHI was scalar invariant for sex and race. However, independent-samples t -tests indicated only that women endorsed stronger habitual e-cigarette use and that men endorsed stronger habitual marijuana use. The SRHI also was scalar invariant by product type in dual-users (cigarettes/e-cigarettes[ N = 371]; alcohol/cigarettes [n = 58]), although differences in habit strength only were observed for cigarettes versus e-cigarettes, with dual-users reporting stronger habitual cigarette use. Finally, the SRHI predicted frequency of marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use (n p 2 [marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes] = 0.37/0.48/0.31/0.17) and quantity of alcohol and cigarette use (n p 2 = 0.43/0.33). Conclusions The SRHI is a psychometrically sound measure of adults’ habitual substance use. The SRHI detected mean differences by sex and substance type and predicted the frequency of using each substance. Future research should determine if the SRHI is appropriate for use with other substances or age groups (e.g., adolescents), how it relates to task-based, behavioral measures of habit strength, and the degree to which habit predicts the development or maintenance of addiction.
Reconstruction of Phylogenetic Trees and Evolution of Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes

There are many different methods of phylogenetic reconstruction for DNA sequence data, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed by considering various factors such as the constancy of evolutionary rate, extent of sequence divergence, variation in evolutionary rate over the sequence, number of nucleotides examined, number of sequences used, etc. It is shown that the bootstrap method of testing the stability of the branching pattern of a tree is not really accurate in evaluating the probability level of the clustering of a group of sequences and that it sometimes leads to an erroneous conclusion particularly when it is applied to the maximum parsimony method. Nevertheless, it is a useful method for obtaining a rough idea of the stability of the branching pattern of a tree. Application of the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony bootstrap methods to Gyllensten et al.’s sequence data for the DQB locus alleles from primates confirmed the trans-species polymorphism between humans and gorillas, but the trans-species polymorphism between humans and chimpanzees was ambiguous. However, sequence data for the DQA locus alleles confirmed the trans-species polymorphism among all of the humans, chimpanzees and gorillas.
Social Behavior on Islands

Islands have been called natural biological laboratories—places where one can find numerous experiments in progress at any time. These experiments have rarely been of human design but that is of no matter. We are free to make certain assumptions about the nature of the experiment and then to monitor the results. The results have, in sum, provided us with a fortunate view of the mechanisms of natural selection. It should be noted that we really don’t know much about islands and how they vary from the mainlands and from each other, but we do have a certain working knowledge of certain aspects of their ecology. This information is now beginning to furnish us with a certain insight regarding the influence of environmental factors on behavior, but perhaps the most neglected of these considerations is how the peculiar nature of the island environment can affect social behavior. It is part of the larger question of how the environment can mold social systems, producing parallel evolution and thus attesting to the pervasiveness and intensity of the environmental influence. The goal of this paper is to focus attention on this neglect and to illustrate a few of the ways that the study can begin to proceed. It is first necessary to establish the nature of the island niche.
Problems Related to the Use of Tobacco by Women

The use of tobacco by women is as old as the history of tobacco itself, long antedating its “discovery” by 15th- and 16th-century explorers of the Americas. In Western society today, women are fast approaching men in the rate of initiation and prevalence of tobacco use. After several centuries of fluctuating use patterns, this trend began in the 1920s under the strong influence of radically altered social and cultural patterns. The health risks and attendant early mortality introduced by smoking, which were formerly primarily restricted to the male sex, are now appearing among females. Additional interactive risk factors that occur only in women, such as oral contraceptive use, further complicate the potential health risks of smoking in that sex. Of concern to all involved with the public health problem posed by tobacco use, primarily cigarette smoking, is the poor record of attempts at cessation of smoking. While the epidemiological literature points to a growing discontinuance pattern in the U.S. population as a whole, the results of treatment programs aiming at cessation of smoking are disappointing, especially for the long term. There are many suggestions from both nationwide surveys and cessation studies that a smaller proportion of women than men are quitting. The interpretation of this finding is complicated by several demographic variables, such as history of cigarette use, socioeconomic status, and age.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) Not Yet Applicable for Widespread Out-of-Hospital Use: A Case of Nonsurvivable Complication from Prolonged REBOA Inflation.

Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is being considered for temporizing catastrophic hemorrhage before arriving at a specialty center for definitive surgical management. Case We describe the clinical case of a 72-year-old male with a ruptured infrarenal aortic abdominal aneurysm initially stabilized with REBOA at an outside facility and transferred to our care. Transport time was >100 minutes. Despite successful surgical repair of the ruptured aneurysm, the patient expired from multiple-organ failure likely related to ischemia-reperfusion injuries from prolonged balloon occlusion of the aorta. Conclusions Ischemia-mitigating techniques and therapies need to improve drastically before the clinical application of REBOA can be effectively extended to outside the vicinity of specialty centers.
Photoacoustic Generation in Polymer Matrix Nanocomposite Films

Engineered, photoacoustic transduction layers are often required in systems that cannot sustain repeated optical excitation owing to material degradation that can occur as a result of optical irradiation. To produce acoustic waves with sufficient amplitude in these systems, polymer matrix nanocomposites can be used for transduction and can serve as photoacoustic transmitters. These nanocomposites can be designed to produce large acoustic generation efficiency while minimizing collateral effects on surrounding materials - this can be important in biomedical applications where tissue damage must be avoided. This work focuses on the use of nanocomposites as photoacoustic transmitters and assesses the optical, thermal and acoustic behaviors of these materials to identify critical parameters that affect their performance under different irradiation conditions.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of prognostic-based depression monitoring

Chronic depression monitoring often relies on one-size-fits-all routine monitoring guidelines. Without considering heterogeneity in patients’ disease progression, routine monitoring guidelines may ...
Narcissism and romantic relationship presentation on social media: The role of motivations and partner attractiveness

Abstract Two studies assessed the associations that narcissistic admiration (an agentic form of narcissism characterized by assertive self-enhancement and self-promotion) and narcissistic rivalry (an antagonistic form of narcissism characterized by self-protection and self-defense) have with self-enhancing and communal motivations for sharing romantic relationship information on social media, and how the partner's physical attractiveness relates to the likelihood of sharing this information. In Study 1, 248 participants reported on their actual relationships. In Study 2, 423 participants evaluated hypothetical partners whose physical attractiveness was experimentally manipulated. In both studies, narcissistic rivalry was associated with greater self-enhancing motivations. In Study 1, narcissistic admiration was associated with greater self-enhancing and communal motivations for sharing the relationship. In both studies, narcissistic individuals were not more likely to share their relationships if their partners were physically attractive. Study 2 provided some evidence that both narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry were associated with a preference for sharing sexy photographs of one's partner, depending upon the operationalization of the preference.
Advanced Numerical Methods in General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics

Advanced Numerical Methods in General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics Michael Besselman Department of Physics and Astronomy, BYU Master of Science We show our work to refine the process of evolutions in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. We investigate several areas in order to improve the overall accuracy of our results. We test several versions of conversion methodologies between different sets of variables. We compare both single equation and two equations solvers to do the conversion. We find no significant improvement for multiple equation conversion solvers when compared to single equation solvers. We also investigate the construction of initial data and the conversion of coordinate systems between initial data code and evolution code. In addition to the conversion work, we have improved some methodologies to ensure data integrity when moving data from the initial data code to the evolution code. Additionally we add into the system of MHD equations a new field to help control the no monopole constraint. We perform a characteristic decomposition of the system of equations in order to derive the associated boundary condition for this new field. Finally, we implement a WENO (weighted non-oscillatory) system. This is done so we can evolve and track shocks that are generated during an evolution of our GRMHD equations.
Coronary Artery Anomalies: a Pictorial Review

Coronary artery anomalies range in prevalence from 0.2 to 2.3 % of the population. They range from benign incidental findings to an important cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). In fact, coronary anomalies are the second leading cause of SCD in athletes and are responsible for ∼30 % of SCD in the young. Clinically, anomalous coronary arteries arising from the opposite sinus and anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery are the most important as they are associated with the highest risk of mortality. Several high-risk features and their pathophysiology are reviewed. Multiple imaging modalities have been utilized to study coronary artery anomalies; however, coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is uniquely suited to characterize coronary artery anomalies as it allows for clear elucidation of origin, course, and termination in relationship to other relevant anatomy with high spatial resolution. This paper will provide an overview of the wide spectrum of coronary artery anomalies and variants, review the most relevant coronary CTA imaging features for each, and differentiate benign from malignant varieties.
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhages in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

A 72-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation was admitted to our institution with a non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Intravenous heparin therapy was started. Cardiac catheterization showed multivessel coronary artery disease, and he underwent urgent