cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating Differences in Teacher Practices Through a Complexity Theory Lens: The Influence of Teacher Education:

How to prepare teachers to be effective in our nations’ classrooms seems to get increasingly complex, yet the links between teacher education and teachers’ eventual practices are little understood....
Nonlinear Adaptive Optimization of Continuous Bioreactors

Abstract An on-line adaptive optimization technique is proposed and applied to a continuous biological reactor. The procedure involves simple steady-state models which contain the basic static nonlinearities of the process and a nonlinear least squares estimator which is used to periodically calculate the steady-state geometric characteristics of the process. Simulation experiments have been conducted to illustrate the performance of the optimization algorithm.
Evidence that Marine Temperatures Influence Growth and Maturation of Western Alaskan Chinook Salmon

AbstractChinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from western Alaska have experienced recent declines in abundance, size, and age at maturity. Declines have led to hardships for the region’s subsistence and commercial salmon harvesters, prompting calls to better understand factors affecting the life history of these populations. Western Alaskan Chinook Salmon are thought to spend their entire marine residency in the Bering Sea. The Bering Sea ecosystem demonstrates high interannual variability that is largely driven by the annual extent of sea ice. However, warming is expected to supersede interannual variability in the next several decades as a consequence of climate change. We investigated the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on the life history of western Alaskan Chinook Salmon by using information from two regional populations subject to long-term monitoring. We found strong correlations between early marine growth and SSTs. Warmer SSTs appeared to lead to a younger age at maturity, largely...
Abstract TP362: A Team Approach for Improving Door to needle Time for IV t-PA in Acute Stroke

Background: Brain ischemia kills 2 million nerve cells per minute. As time elapses, the odds of favorable outcome become less likely. By providing treatment rapidly, patient outcome is markedly improved. We recognized an opportunity for improvement by shortening our door-to-needle time. The door-to-needle time is defined by the time the patient arrives in the emergency department to the time the patient receives intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA). Methods: We evaluated the system in place to look at opportunities for improvement. We met monthly to assess every acute stroke patient case, particularly to evaluate delays in acute stroke treatment. We analyzed the results of all the acute stroke patient cases from January 2008 to January 2012. We implemented the following interventions: staff education, reducing unnecessary CT angiogram and CT perfusion studies on patients, RN telephone triage for acute stroke patients. pre-hospital activation of the stroke team for patients exhibiting acute stroke symptoms, ED pharmacist at bedside upon patient arrival with t-PA, and placing patients on portable monitors immediately upon ED arrival. Conclusion: The average door-to-needle time from January 2008 to October 2011 was 1 hour and 32 minutes. After implementing the changes above, from November 2011 to January 2012, our average door-to-needle time was 38 minutes to 54 minutes, which is within the target of less than 60 minutes. By implementing these changes, we have successfully and safely reduced and improved our door-to-needle time. Monthly quality improvement meetings are on-going to assess continuing quality improvement.
Virtual time III: unification of conservative and optimistic synchronization in parallel discrete event simulation

There has long been a divide in synchronization approaches for parallel discrete event simulation, between conservative methods requiring lookahead and optimistic methods requiring rollback. These are usually seen as dichotomous, so that a model writer must make an early, static design decision between them. An optimistic simulator does not need lookahead information but is unable to take advantage of it even if it were available, whereas a conservative simulator may perform poorly or even deadlock without good lookahead information. Here we introduce unified virtual time (UVT) synchronization which provides the advantages of both conservative and optimistic synchronization dynamically for all models. Conservative synchronization becomes an accelerator for optimistic synchronization. When lookahead information is available the simulation will execute conservatively. Otherwise it will execute optimistically. In this paper we present UVT, argue for its correctness, and show adaptations of Time Warp, YAWNS, and Null Messages which cooperatively synchronize a single simulation.
Simulation model on chaotic asynchronous transmitter and receiver

In this research project a new method for secure information transmission, a chaotic communication system, is designed and presented. The architecture of the communication system is constructed using Rossler's attractor of three differential equations for a transmitter and the receiver. The information to be transmitted is concealed in the solutions of Rossler's equations. This allows for the secure transmission of the information. These solutions, together with the message, are then transmitted to a receiver designed to extract the embedded information from the transmitted Rossler's solutions. Simulation results demonstrate the proof of concept of secure transmissions via this method.
Abstract 3846: A metabolic pathway targeted inhibitor for precision therapy of castrate-resistant prostate cancer

Background: We have previously reported that an AP-1 factor JunD is overexpressed in PCa. It complexes with androgen receptor (AR) to induce spermidine/spermine acetyl transferase (SSAT). SSAT initiates polyamine oxidation that generates copious amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in polyamine-rich PCa cells. ROS activate NF-κB. NF-κB also induces SSAT and activates AR. This sets-up a feed-forward loop for PCa growth at low androgen. An IHC assay for SSAT can be utilized to identify PCa patients with this loop activated. AR-N-terminal targeted inhibitors that block AR interactions with JunD and NF-κB can be developed as a precision therapy for these patients. Method: We applied Immunocytochemistry (ICC), proteomic and metabolomic techniques to analyze stationary and invading cells that are separated in a novel micro-scale dvice to understand the mechanism of invasion. Gaussia luciferase reconstitution assay in a high throughput screen (HTS) to identify inhibitors of AR-JunD and AR-NF-κB interactions. In vitro cell growth assay along with in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and enzalutamide-resistant CRPC cell xenograft growth in nude mice are used to optimize the lead. Unpublished data: Immunocytochemistry (ICC) data show that in cultured enzalutamide-resistant C4-2 and -sensitive LNCaP cells as well as in some patient PCa cells, more SSAT positive cells are in the migratory than in the stationary section of the microscale device. Screening of 27,000+ compounds from 2 different chemical libraries detected a single compound that specifically inhibits both AR-JunD and AR-NF-κB2 (p52) interactions. We have synthesized several of its analogs. Lead analogs inhibit growth of AR-positive C4-2 and LNCaP cells at nanomolar concentration, but have little effect on the growth of AR-negative PC-3 and SSAT silent siSSAT cells in culture. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay shows its efficacy in inhibiting AR-JunD and AR-p52 interactions in situ. It has been formulated in 25% ethanol:water and administered orally. PCa tumor bearing nude mice tolerated it at 50 mg/kg p.o. daily for more than 28 days and has a serum C max of ~ 3 μM within 30 minutes and a plasma t 1/2 of ~1 h after a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg. Twenty four hours after dosing it is found in the flank tumor (1.5 ng/mg tissue; ~450 nM) and in the prostate tissues (10 ng/mg tissue; ~3 μM) in addition to liver and kidney and inhibited growth of C4-2 xenografts in nude mice. Citation Format: Hirak S. Basu, Nathaniel L. Wilgonowski, Jessica L. Lieblich, Grace T. Wu, Izabela Fokt, Sumankalai Ramachandran, Jiaquin Yu, Mark Titus, Waldemar Priebe, David J. Beebe, George Wilding. A metabolic pathway targeted inhibitor for precision therapy of castrate-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3846.
Engineering hematopoietic grafts using elutriation and positive cell selection to reduce GVHD.

Over the last two decades, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has provided a means of delivering potentially curative therapy to patients with hematologic malignancies (1). Unfortunately, approximately 70% of allogeneic BMT patients receiving unmodified (wherein marrow is immediately infused) grafts develop acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) with one third of these patients rapidly succumbing to this complication (2,3). Of patients surviving more than 100 days, half will later develop chronic GVHD which has an attendant mortality of almost 50% (4). This incidence increases still further for those individuals who receive an HLA mismatched or unrelated donor graft. It was initially believed that the use of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) would reduce the incidence of GVHD. Unfortunately, both acute and chronic GVHD are as prevalent (or even greater in the case of chronic GVHD) with PBSC as that seen with bone marrow as the stem cell source (5,6). The lack of suitable donors and high morbidity has popularized other high dose chemotherapy/ stem cell rescue approaches such as autologous BMT and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. To date, allogeneic BMT still generates the highest cure rates, largely due to its inherent anti-tumor [or graft-vs-leukemia (GVL)] properties which results in low relapse rates (7,8). The dilemma often facing the transplant physician is whether to suggest that a patient undergo a less morbid transplant approach with a higher relapse risk or accept the greater mortality risk of allogeneic BMT in hopes of achieving a cure. Improvements in supportive care and Similar advances must be achieved in the allogeneic setting for this to remain a viable option, regardless of it’s curative potential.
J. D. Ferry

Most polymer scientists who are active today will not remember the years before rubber-like elasticity and polymer solution thermodynamics were understood, when the striking phenomena of high extensibility and strong negative deviations from thermodynamic ideality were mysteries. My own interests in macromolecules began a few years before those problems were solved by H. Mark, M. L. Huggins, P. J. Flory, and their associates. I was exposed to both natural and synthetic polymers as a graduate student, and was puzzled by those and other mysteries.
Treecode Algorithms for Computing Nonbonded Particle Interactions

Two new algorithms are described for computing nonbonded particle interactions in classical molecular systems, (1) a particle-cluster treecode for the real space Ewald sum in a system with periodic boundary conditions, and (2) a cluster-cluster treecode for the total potential energy in a system with vacuum boundary conditions. The first algorithm treats electrostatic interactions and the second algorithm treats general power-law interactions. Both algorithms use a divide-and-conquer strategy, adapted rectangular clusters, and Taylor approximation in Cartesian coordinates. The necessary Taylor coefficients are computed efficiently using recurrence relations. The second algorithm implements variable order approximation, and a run-time choice between Taylor approximation and direct summation. Test results are presented for an equilibrated water system, and random and sparse particle systems.
The Cost of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States

The costs of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for the United States are sensitive to the baseline rates of growth for such gases. This paper builds upon the previous work of EPA (e.g., “Policy Implications of a Comprehensive Greenhouse Gas Budget,” by Cristofaro and Scheraga) and establishes a projection of future emissions of major greenhouse gases. The focus is on the next twenty years, a period in which the U.S. will reduce emissions of a number of greenhouse gases because of implementation of the Clean Air Act and the CFC Protocol. Future CO2 emissions are expected to rise, however, and two possible emission scenarios are presented. Possible emission control scenarios are then discussed in the context of a comprehensive greenhouse gas approach, and preliminary cost estimates are given for a limited set of policy options.
A Review of Fixed Point Theorems

We collect in this chapter several fixed point theorems, which are useful for proving existence of solutions to nonlinear equations and systems.
Detection of fungal and bacterial carbohydrates: Do the similar structures of chitin and peptidoglycan play a role in immune dysfunction?

Carbohydrate recognition is fundamental to a wide variety of interkingdom interactions. For example, bacterial peptidoglycan, an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc)–N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) polymer [1], and fungal chitin, a GlcNAc polymer [2, 3], are both immunostimulatory to vertebrates. In addition, bacterially produced Nodulation (Nod) factors, which consist of a modified GlcNAc, play a key role in symbiotic interactions with plants [4]. The structural similarity of these GlcNAc-containing molecules (Fig 1) suggests possible overlap in their physiological action, although many of the mechanisms underlying the detection of these molecules in different organisms appear unrelated. However, a single phylogenetically conserved domain, called Lysin (LysM), is found in specific receptors in signaling pathways responsive to one or more of these three related carbohydrates in bacteria, plants, and fungi and possibly mammalian systems. Thus, promiscuous activation could occur when a structurally similar but physiologically inappropriate ligand binds and thereby aberrantly activates an incorrect LysM domain-containing receptor. Here, I will discuss this possibility and its implications for immune pathologies such as asthma in which chitin is relevant. Open in a separate window Fig 1 Bacterial and fungal carbohydrates. A. Monomer of L-Lys containing peptidoglycan from Staphlycoccus aureus. B. Fungal chitin. C. Sinorhizobium meliloti Nod factor NodSmIV. Lys, Lysin; Nod, Nodulation.
Quantifying Intermodal Distraction by Emotion During Math Performance: An Electrophysiological Approach

Emotionally engaging stimuli are powerful competitors for limited attention capacity. In the cognitive neuroscience laboratory, the presence of task-irrelevant emotionally arousing visual distractors prompts decreased performance and attenuated brain responses measured in concurrent visual tasks. The extent to which distraction effects occur across different sensory modalities is not yet established, however. Here, we examined the extent and time course of competition between a naturalistic distractor sound and a visual task stimulus, using dense-array electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 20 college students. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) were quantified from EEG, elicited by periodically flickering vignettes displaying basic arithmetic problems - the participants' primary task. Concurrently, low-arousing and high-arousing sounds were presented, as well as auditory pink noise, used as a control. Capitalizing on the temporal dynamics of the ssVEP signal allowed us to study intermodal interference of the sounds with the processing of the visual math problems. We observed that high-arousing sounds were associated with diminished visuocortical responses and poor performance, compared to low-arousing sounds and pink noise, suggesting that emotional distraction acts across modalities. We discuss the role of sensory cortices in emotional distraction along with implications for translational research in educational neuroscience.
Synthesis of Ni-Rich Thin-Film Cathode as Model System for Lithium Ion Batteries

We demonstrate a process to prepare model electrodes of the Ni-rich layered compound LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2. These thin-film cathodes are compared with the composite materials to demonstrate the system is a viable platform for isolating interfacial phenomena between the electrolyte and active material without the influence of binders and conductive additives. The appropriate choice of heterolayers was found to influence the preferential orientation of the (101) and (104) planes relative to the (003) plane of the layered R-3m crystal structure, enhancing Li+ diffusion and improving electrochemical performance. The addition of a Co interlayer between the Pt current collecting layer and alumina substrate increased the (101) and (104) texturing of the 500 nm Ni-rich film and allowed cells to deliver greater than 50% of their theoretical capacity. This work provides an architecture for isolating complex mechanisms of active materials that suffer from surface reconstruction and degradation in electrochemical cells.
Hanging with Hydra

A brief overview of what's involved when choosing Hydra/Fedora for developing digital repositories. Presented at Ohio IR Day, 24 October 2014.
Rules, Tricks and Emancipation

Rules and tricks are generally seen as different things. Rules produce order and control; tricks produce chaos. Rules help us predict how things will work out. Tricks are deceptive and transgressive, built to surprise us and confound our expectations in ways that can be entertaining or devastating. But rules can be tricky. General prohibitions and prescriptions generate surprising results in particular contexts. In some situations, a rule produces results that seem far from what the rule makers expected and antagonistic to the interests the rule is understood to promote. This contradictory aspect of rules is usually framed as a downside for their use in law. And theories of legal interpretation often discuss when and how decision makers should reject or adjust these sorts of anomalous results. I want to take a different approach. Think of cases in which following a legal rule leads to absurd or contradictory results as a kind of trick played by the law on the lawmakers, or the culmination of a trick that lawmakers play on themselves. Such tricks are not a shortcoming or perversion of law. Rather they are crucial to the moral, political system we call “rule of law.” They are the instantiation of legal rules’ capacity to constrain the rule makers – something that we expect and in fact demand from a society in which law subjects the lawmakers. Moreover, this tricky capacity is the source of legal rules’ creativity, their ability to contribute to social change, rather than always preserve the status quo. In particular, legal tricks sometimes produce emancipatory results.
Anthropogenic aerosol drives uncertainty in future climate mitigation efforts

The 2016 Paris agreement set a global mean surface temperature (GMST) goal of not more than 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial. This is an ambitious goal that will require substantial decreases in emission rates of long-lived greenhouse gasses (GHG). This work provides a mathematical framework, based on current state of the art climate models, to calculate the GHG emissions consistent with prescribed GMST pathways that meet the Paris agreement goal. The unique capability of this framework, to start from a GMST timeseries and efficiently calculate the emissions required to meet that temperature pathway, makes it a powerful resource for policymakers. Our results indicate that aerosol emissions play a large role in determining the near-term allowable greenhouse gas emissions that will limit future warming to 2 °C, however in the long term, drastic GHG emissions reductions are required under any reasonable aerosol scenario. With large future aerosol emissions, similar to present day amounts, GHG emissions need to be reduced 8% by 2040 and 74% by 2100 to limit warming to 2 °C. Under a more likely low aerosol scenario, GHG emissions need to be reduced 36% and 80% by 2040 and 2100, respectively. The Paris agreement Intended Nationally Determined Contributions are insufficient to meet this goal.
Generation, purification and engineering of extracellular vesicles and their biomedical applications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), derived from cell membranes, demonstrate the potential to be excellent therapeutics and drug carriers. Although EVs are promising, the process to develop high-quality and scalable EVs for their translation is demanding. Within this research, we analyzed the production of EVs, their purification and their post-bioengineering, and we also discussed the biomedical applications of EVs. We focus on the developments of methods in producing EVs including biological, physical, and chemical approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and the opportunities that arose when we translated EVs in clinic. With the advancements in nanotechnology and immunology, genetically engineering EVs is a new frontier in developing new therapeutics in order to tailor to individuals and different disease stages in treatments of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Chapter 3 - Mobility on demand (MOD) and mobility as a service (MaaS): early understanding of shared mobility impacts and public transit partnerships

Author(s): Shaheen, Susan; Cohen, Adam | Abstract: Technology is changing the way we move and reshaping cities and society. Shared and on-demand mobility represent notable transportation shifts in the 21st century. In recent years, mobility on demand (MOD)—where consumers access mobility, goods, and services on-demand by dispatching shared modes, courier services, public transport, and other innovative strategies—has grown rapidly due to technological advancements; changing consumer preferences; and a range of economic, environmental, and social factors. New attitudes toward sharing, MOD, and mobility as a service (MaaS) are changing traveler behavior and creating new opportunities and challenges for public transportation. This chapter discusses similarities and differences between the evolving concepts of MaaS and MOD. Next, it characterizes the range of existing public transit and MOD service models and enabling partnerships. The chapter also explores emerging trends impacting public transportation. While vehicle automation could result in greater public transit competition in the future, it could also foster new opportunities for transit enhancements (e.g., microtransit services, first- and last-mile connections, reduced operating costs). The chapter concludes with a discussion of how MOD/MaaS partnerships and automation could enable the public transit industry to reinvent itself, making it more attractive and competitive with private vehicle ownership and use.
Timing and Trends of Right Atrial Pressure and Risk of Right Heart Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

ABSTRACT Background Elevated right atrial pressure (RAP) is associated with poor outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. However, the optimal time for RAP measurement and the importance of resolution of right heart congestion prior to LVAD implantation remain unclear. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective cohort study of 134 consecutive LVAD recipients from our institution. Congestion was defined as RAP ≥ 14 mmHg and was assessed at hospital admission and implant. The primary outcome was death or right ventricular assist device (RVAD) implantation. When stratified by congestion status at admission, congested and non-congested patients had similar event-free survival rates (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6–2.6). However, when stratified at implant, congested patients had a higher rate death or RVAD implantation (HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.6). Patients were then divided into 4 groups based on their trajectory of congestion status: no congestion, resolved congestion, new congestion, or persistent congestion. Patients with no congestion and resolved congestion had similar outcomes, whereas patients with persistent congestion had a markedly increased rate of death or RVAD implantation (HR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3–7.6). Conclusion RAP at LVAD implantation is more strongly associated with postoperative outcomes than admission RAP. Patients not responsive to decongestive therapies, with persistently elevated RAP, represent a high-risk cohort for adverse outcomes following LVAD implantation.
Autism spectrum disorder and complex healthcare needs: The role of healthcare experiences

Abstract Background Parents of children with an autism diagnosis frequently described the excessive costs and inordinate amount of time associated with coordinating autism – specific treatments. These ongoing sources of stress have adverse effects on parents’ personal wellbeing. Findings suggest that the systems of care aimed at improving outcomes for children with autism may, in fact, negatively affect their parents. Further research is necessary to evaluate the degree to which system – level variables affect the relationship between autism severity and parental wellbeing. Method The sample included 1711 parents of children with a current ASD diagnosis who participated in the 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. ASD complexity was estimated as a latent variable consisting of four observed scores; ASD severity and the frequency of co - occurring medical, developmental, and emotional/behavioral conditions using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Healthcare experiences (i.e., Care Coordination, Family - Centered Care, Shared Decision – Making) were analyzed as mediators using structural equation modeling to evaluate the degree to which each variable explained the relationship between ASD complexity and parent outcomes. Results Care coordination mediated the relationship between ASD complexity and parental outcomes. Family – centered care significantly predicted parent stress and health, however, it was not a mediator of the relationship between ASD complexity and parent outcomes. Shared decision – making was a mediator of parent health, but not parent stress. Conclusions The results of this study indicate healthcare experiences significantly influence parental wellbeing and are an important consideration among parents of children with complex ASD.
Diverse Perspectives on Transition to Adulthood Among Families: A Qualitative Exploration

Family engagement is an essential aspect of preparing for the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities. The purpose of this study was threefold: (a) describe the supports historically ma...
Art, Anti-Racism and Health Equity: “Don’t Ask Me Why, Ask Me How!”

Objective: One of the fundamental chal­lenges in research on, and the practice of, anti-racism is helping people open their minds to new possibilities and new ways of thinking. Design: This commentary illustrates how art can help people unlearn misinformation and narrow ways of thinking while enhanc­ing flexibility that allows people to think cre­atively about efforts to eliminate or mitigate the health effects of racism. Results: Historically, art has been a critical foundation of the history of protest and struggle to achieve equity in the United States and across the globe. Whether music, poems, paintings or other forms of creative expression, art has been at the core of efforts to express emotion, communicate difficult concepts, spur action and change what seems impossible. Art has been particularly important in illustrating and helping to facilitate how people understand what racism is, how it feels to experience privilege or oppression and exploring the implications of policies and practices that affect health indirectly or directly. Yet, art remains underutilized in anti-racism educa­tion, training and organizing efforts within public health. This commentary includes several arts-based examples to illustrate how art can facilitate insights, observations and strategies to address racism and achieve health equity. Conclusion: Art can be an important tool to facilitate moving past intellectual arguments that seek to explain, justify and excuse racism. Art may be particularly important in efforts to illuminate how racism operates in organizational or institutional contexts and to communicate hope, resilience, and strength amid what seems impossible. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):373-380; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.373
Comprehensive review of reports of menstrual irregularities associated with isotretinoin.

Abstract In 1982, oral isotretinoin was first licensed as a treatment option for severe recalcitrant cystic acne in the United States. Since its introduction into the pharmaceutical market, several instances of amenorrhea in women of child-bearing age taking isotretinoin have been reported. In each documented instance, amenorrhea spontaneously resolved once the medication was discontinued. The Patient Introductory Brochure for iPLEDGE, the risk management distribution program mandated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for isotretinoin, does not currently include menstrual irregularities as a side effect of treatment; thus, patients who experience this side effect may also experience the unnecessary stress of a possible pregnancy, or, if a minor, explaining a lack of menses to their parent/guardian. This review synthesizes the limited literature available on this subject to advocate for more widespread acknowledgment of menstrual irregularities as a side effect of isotretinoin therapy. To perform the literature review, the search was conducted on June 13, 2020 on PubMed using the following search terms: (((isotretinoin) AND (oligomenorrhea))) OR ((isotretinoin) AND (amenorrhea)) OR ((isotretinoin) AND (PCOS)) OR ((isotretinoin) AND (menstrual irregularities)) OR ((isotretinoin) AND (polycystic ovary syndrome)). All years available were included. Articles were excluded if they were not published in English or did not address the topic of menstrual irregularities in the setting of isotretinoin, with or without the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome. A total of six articles met our criteria and are described.
Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after uterine artery embolization, laparoscopic surgery, and high intensity focused ultrasound for uterine fibroids：a case report.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare, generally benign disorder. With the advent of laparoscopic surgery for uterine fibroids, the reported number of cases of DPL has significantl...
Pueblo Pequeño, Infierno Grande: Shifting the Burden of Latinx Spanish Teacher Retention in the Rural South.

This study explored the experiences of five Latinx Spanish teachers who worked in schools in rural North Carolina and South Carolina. Using data from 25 semistructured interviews and publicly available school/community demographic information, this qualitative multiple‐case study sought to answer the following questions: (a) How do Latinx Spanish teachers in the rural South perceive experiences that help or hinder retention? (b) In what ways are Latinx Spanish teachers navigating their role as advocates for linguistic and cultural diversity in their rural schools and communities? Findings showed that participants were constantly balancing the benefits and challenges of their work in a rural area. Due to the racialized nature of the Spanish language, participants reported instances of Spanish being conflated with immigration which resulted in hostility from both students and adults. Nonetheless, participants felt a sense of responsibility in providing their students with exposure to cultures outside of their own cultural setting. As working conditions can have a profound effect on a teacher's decision to stay in the classroom, the findings suggest that emphasizing the positive aspects of teaching in a challenging context may encourage teacher retention.
Steroid Hormone Receptor and Infiltrating Immune Cell Status Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of ESR1-Mutant Breast Cancer.

Mutations in ESR1 that confer constitutive estrogen receptor alpha (ER) activity in the absence of ligand are acquired by ≥40% of metastatic breast cancers (MBC) resistant to adjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. To identify targetable vulnerabilities in MBC, we examined steroid hormone receptors and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in metastatic lesions with or without ER mutations. ER and progesterone receptor (PR) were significantly lower in metastases with wild type (WT) ER compared to those with mutant ER, suggesting that metastases that evade AI therapy by mechanism(s) other than acquiring ER mutations lose dependency on ER and PR. Metastases with mutant ER had significantly higher T regulatory and T helper cells, total macrophages, and PD-L1 positive immune-suppressive macrophages than those with WT ER. BC cells with CRISPR Cas9-edited ER (D538G, Y537S, or WT) and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) harboring mutant or WT ER revealed genes and proteins elevated in mutant ER cells, including androgen receptor (AR), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), and interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). Targeting these proteins blunted the selective advantage of ER mutant tumor cells to survive estrogen deprivation, anchorage independence, and invasion. Thus, patients with mutant ER MBC might respond to standard of care fulvestrant or other selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD) when combined with AR or CHI3L1 inhibition, perhaps with the addition of immunotherapy.
Anatomic Snuffbox (Distal Radial Artery) and Radial Artery Access for Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms with FDA-Approved Flow Diverters.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transradial access for neurointerventional procedures has been proved a safer and more comfortable alternative to femoral artery access. We present our experience with transradial (distal radial/anatomic snuffbox and radial artery) access for treatment of intracranial aneurysms using all 3 FDA-approved flow diverters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a high-volume, dual-center, retrospective analysis of each institution’s data base between June 2018 and June 2020 and a collection of all patients treated with flow diversion via transradial access. Patient demographic information and procedural and radiographic data were obtained. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were identified (64 female patients) with a mean age of 57.5 years with a total of 86 aneurysms. Most aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation (93%) and within the intracranial ICA (67.4%). The mean aneurysm size was 5.5 mm. Flow diverters placed included the Pipeline Embolization Device (Flex) (PED, n = 65), the Surpass Streamline Flow Diverter (n = 8), and the Flow-Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED, n = 1). Transradial access was successful in all cases, but femoral crossover was required in 3 cases (4.1%) due to tortuous anatomy and inadequate support of the catheters in 2 cases and an inability to navigate to the target vessel in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery. All 71 other interventions were successfully performed via the transradial approach (95.9%). No access site complications were encountered. Asymptomatic radial artery occlusion was encountered in 1 case (3.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Flow diverters can be successfully placed via the transradial approach with high technical success, low access site complications, and a low femoral crossover rate.
Margaret Hillenbrand. Negative Exposures: Knowing What Not to Know in Contemporary China

Margaret Hillenbrand. Negative Exposures: Knowing What Not to Know in Contemporary China. Nonfiction. Durham. Duke University Press. 2020. 312 pages. $27.95 USD. ISBN 9781478008002Western observers...
Updates on the Studies of ${\varvec{N}}^\mathbf{*}$ Structure with CLAS and the Prospects with CLAS12

The recent results on \(\gamma _vpN^*\) electrocouplings from analyses of the data on exclusive meson electroproduction off protons measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab are presented. The impact of these results on the exploration of the excited nucleon state structure and non-perturbative strong interaction dynamics behind its formation is outlined. The future extension of these studies in the experiments with the CLAS12 detector in the upgraded Hall-B at JLab will provide for the first time \(\gamma _vpN^*\) electrocouplings of all prominent resonances at the still unexplored distance scales that correspond to extremely low (0.05 GeV\(^2 < Q^2<\) 0.5 GeV\(^2\)) and the highest photon virtualities (5.0 GeV\(^2 < Q^2<\) 12.0 GeV\(^2\)) ever achieved in the exclusive electroproduction measurements. The expected results will address the most important open problems of the Standard Model: on the nature of more than 98 % of hadron mass, quark–gluon confinement and emergence of the excited nucleon state structure from the QCD Lagrangian, as well as allowing a search for the new states of hadron matter predicted from the first principles of QCD, the so-called hybrid baryons.
Measuring bacterial attachment forces

Predatory bacteria are an exciting area of investigation with great promise. Their impressive ability to devour other bacteria make them ideal candidates for clearing pathogens from the environment, water supply, and even the body. However, scientists are still learning how these bacteria grow and consume their hosts. We are studying Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, one of these predatory bacteria. We have been investigating the process of B. bacteriovorus attaching to prey cells of Escherichia coli in order to learn how they identify their prey, latch onto it, and then burrow into it. Measurements using atomic force microscopy (AFM) at different times during these processes have been made. Optical tweezers offer an alternative to the AFM for making measurements and learning about the attachment processes of B. bacteriovorus. Bacteria such as E. coli (1 – 2 µm long) and B. bacteriovorus (0.50 - 1 µm long) are a material and size that is easy to trap. Fluid solutions are the ideal medium for optical trapping measurements, and so it is readily possible to examine the bacteria during the attachment process. To this end, we trap one B. bacteriovorus cell in a single trap and move it close to a surface coated with E. coli, then move it away from the surface after increasingly long periods of time. This work shows preliminary measurements of attachment forces of predatory bacteria to their prey and correlates these measurements with those taken with the AFM.
Big Data Analytics Challenges & Internal Audit Function (IAF)’s Reliance on Big Data Analytics

Though big data analytics have a lot of potential to create value for accountants/auditors, data analytics are underutilized. The study examines the adoption of big data analytics by Internal Audit Function (IAF) given the challenges to the adoption. The results of the study suggest that data specific IT knowledge rather than general IT knowledge is significant to the adoption of big data analytics. Additionally, critical thinking skills and business knowledge also contribute to the adoption of big data analytics. Furthermore, if IAFs face challenges (management challenges) such as fraud risk detection, they are more likely to adopt big data analytics, thus highlighting the scenarios of the underutilization of the big data analytics by accountants in many cases. Moreover, the results from the interaction effect suggest that Chief Audit Executives (CAEs) with CPA certification are more likely to adopt big data analytics than the CAEs without CPA certification when the size of the organization is small, or when the size of the IAF is small, or when there is a lack of data specific IT knowledge or business skills. Another important finding is that, when two groups of IAFs have similar size and data specific IT knowledge, IAFs with fraud detection responsibility (management challenges) are more likely to adopt big data analytics. Finally, IAFs in Anglo culture countries are more likely to adopt big data analytics than IAFs in non-Anglo culture countries given that both IAFs have the same size and data specific IT knowledge. The study has both theoretical and practical implications, which are elaborated in the discussion of contribution.
Redesigning library orientation for first-year medical students during the pandemic.

Background: Prior to 2020, library orientation for first-year medical students at Weill Cornell Medicine took the form of an on-site treasure hunt competition. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the orientation for the MD class of 2024 was shifted to an all-virtual format. This shift mandated a full redesign of the library orientation. Case Presentation: The Samuel J. Wood Library sought to preserve the excitement and fun of the treasure hunt in the new virtual format. The competition was redesigned as a Zoom meeting using breakout rooms, with library faculty and staff serving as team facilitators. Tasks were rewritten, shifting the focus from the library’s physical spaces to its virtual services and online resources. The redesigned orientation was evaluated using two data sources: a postsession survey of student participants and a debriefing of the library employees who participated. Student evaluations were positive, while the faculty and staff provided numerous suggestions for improving future virtual orientations. Conclusions: A successful virtual library orientation requires careful preparation, including testing the competition tasks, full rehearsal with library facilitators, and a thoughtful approach to technology and logistics. We have chosen to share the materials we developed for other academic health sciences libraries that may wish to take a similar approach to their own virtual orientations.
Inference for post-change parameters after sequential CUSUM test under AR(1) model

Abstract For a sequence of correlated normal random variables following the AR(1) change-point model, the inference problem for the change-point and post-change mean is considered when the residuals are used to form the sequential model-based CUSUM procedure. Higher order biases and corrected pivots are developed to construct confidence intervals. Numerical comparison with the classical CUSUM procedure shows that the model-based CUSUM procedure has smaller average delay detection time and change-point estimation bias. Northern hemisphere average temperature data is used for illustration.
R&D Alliances and Networks Indicators at the Division of Science Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation

Alliances, joint ventures, and other networking activities allow firms to share research and development (R&D) costs, pool risks, and enjoy access to partners’ firm-specific know-how and commercialization resources. Increasingly, corporate R&D requires a combination of technology exchange and technology co-development through strategic alliances and other linkages in order to excel in innovation and market performance. At the same time, collaborative networks are not without risks. For example, unintended transfer of intellectual property and competitive implications of collaborations have occupied business and public policy making and research for a number of years.
Assessing Uzbekistan’s and Tajikistan’s Afghan Policy: The Impact of Domestic Drivers

The interaction between Central Asia and Afghanistan is conventionally discussed either from the perspective of spillovers or from the other side of the coin, namely economic cooperation around the slogan of reviving the Silk Road. Yet, for a better grasp of Central Asia’s position on the Afghan question, it is necessary to shift the perspective of analysis from international relations to domestic policies. This article aims to decipher the many internal drivers that shape Uzbek and Tajik policies toward and perceptions of Afghanistan. Understanding decision-making mechanisms and the legitimacy of the authorities, identifying elite groups and their connection to their Afghan counterparts, and grasping the process of knowledge production, all help to better understand how Afghanistan’s neighbors shape their policy.
Episodic spinal serotonin receptor activation elicits long-lasting phrenic motor facilitation by an NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism

Phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) is a serotonin (5-HT)-dependent augmentation of phrenic motor output induced by acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH). AIH-induced pLTF requires spinal NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Since 5-HT receptor activation stimulates NADPH oxidase activity in some cell types, we tested the hypothesis that episodic spinal 5-HT receptor activation (without AIH) is sufficient to elicit an NADPH oxidase-dependent facilitation of phrenic motor output (pMF). In anaesthetised, artificially ventilated adult male rats, episodic intrathecal 5-HT injections (3 x 6 microl injections at 5 min intervals) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) near cervical spinal segments containing the phrenic motor nucleus elicited a progressive increase in integrated phrenic nerve burst amplitude (i.e. pMF) lasting at least 60 min post-5-HT administration. Hypoglossal (XII) nerve activity was unaffected, suggesting that effective doses of 5-HT did not reach the brainstem. A single 5-HT injection was without effect. 5-HT-induced pMF was dose dependent, but exhibited a bell-shaped dose-response curve. Activation of different 5-HT receptor subtypes, specifically 5-HT(2) versus 5-HT(7) receptors, may underlie the bell-shaped dose-response curve via a mechanism of 'cross-talk' inhibition. Pre-treatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin or diphenylenodium (DPI), blocked 5-HT induced pMF. Thus, episodic spinal 5-HT receptor activation is sufficient to elicit pMF by an NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism, suggesting common mechanisms of ROS formation with AIH-induced pLTF. An understanding of the mechanisms giving rise to AIH-induced pLTF and 5-HT induced pMF may inspire novel therapeutic strategies for respiratory insufficiency in diverse conditions, such as sleep apnoea, cervical spinal injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Cyclic GMP controls Rhodospirillum centenum cyst development

Adenylyl cyclases are widely distributed across all kingdoms whereas guanylyl cyclases are generally thought to be restricted to eukaryotes. Here we report that the α-proteobacterium Rhodospirillum centenum secretes cGMP when developing cysts and that a guanylyl cyclase deletion strain fails to synthesize cGMP and is defective in cyst formation. The R. centenum cyclase was purified and shown to effectively synthesize cGMP from GTP in vitro, demonstrating that it is a functional guanylyl cyclase. A homologue of the Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is linked to the guanylyl cyclase and when deleted is deficient in cyst development. Isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) analyses demonstrate that the recombinant CRP homologue preferentially binds to, and is stabilized by cGMP, but not cAMP. This study thus provides evidence that cGMP has a crucial role in regulating prokaryotic development. The involvement of cGMP in regulating bacterial development has broader implications as several plant-interacting bacteria contain a similar cyclase coupled by the observation that Azospirillum brasilense also synthesizes cGMP when inducing cysts.