cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erosion of an intrauterine contraceptive device into the urinary bladder: A case report.

Abstract Intrauterine contraceptive devices may rarely erode into the urinary bladder, usually shortly after insertion. This case report describes the presentation and management of a copper-bearing intrauterine device which had eroded into the bladder. The patient presented with dysuria, dyspareunia and groin pain. The device had been inserted 10 years previously following a termination of pregnancy. A bladder stone had formed on the arm of the T-shaped device. The calculus was successfully lasered transurethrally and the intrauterine device was removed transvaginally. A urinary catheter was left on free drainage for four weeks and a follow-up cystogram showed no leak. Most complications related to intrauterine devices occur within days or weeks of insertion but in this case the complications presented 10 years later.
Psychopathological effects of the Coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) imposed lockdown on vulnerable patients in treatment in a mental health outpatient department for migrants and individuals in poor socioeconomic conditions.

Background:The effects of Sars-Cov-2 pandemic may increase vulnerability of migrants.Aims:To investigate the effects of the governmental lockdown on the mental health of vulnerable migrants in trea...
Influence of Salt Concentration on Hydrated Polymer Relative Permittivity and State of Water Properties

Little is known about how aqueous electrolyte exposure affects hydrated polymer relative permittivity and state of water properties. Increasing NaCl solution concentration (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mol/L) caused a cross-linked glycidyl and glycerol methacrylate-based copolymer to osmotically deswell and caused ion sorption to increase opposite to electrostatic theory and Maxwell Garnett equation predictions. The presence, due to salt solution equilibration, of ions in the polymer drove an increase in static permittivity compared to that of pure water-equilibrated equivalent water content samples. The influence of salt concentration on hydrated polymer dielectric permittivity properties was fundamentally different from its influence on aqueous electrolyte solutions where dielectric permittivity decreases as salt concentration increases. Generally, the amount of bulk-like water in the polymers decreased as salt concentration increased, but a maximum was observed in low water content (<7% by mass) polymers, suggesting that ions and water may compete for interactions with the polymer.
Determination of critical gel-sol transition point of Highly Concentrated Micellar Casein Concentrate using multiple waveform rheological technique

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine critical gel-sol transition point of Highly Concentrated Micellar Casein Concentrate (HC-MCC) during heating of cold gel. We applied Winter–Chambon criterion (tan δ becomes independent of frequency) on multiwave oscillatory rheological data as a robust alternative to a conventional rheological method which typically treats crossover of storage modulus ( G ’ ) and loss modulus ( G ” ) as a gel-sol transition point. We found that the conventional method indicates a pseudo-gel sol transition point which is frequency dependent and does not represent true physical state of the material. Gel-sol transition temperature obtained with multiple waveform rheological method (11.1 °C) was significantly (P
Preparation of Bioderived and Biodegradable Surfactants Based on an Intrinsically Disordered Protein Sequence

Surfactants, block-copolymers, and other types of micellar systems are used in a wide variety of biomedical and industrial processes. However, most commonly used surfactants are synthetically derived and pose environmental and toxicological concerns throughout their product life cycle. Because of this, bio-derived and bio-degradable surfactants are promising alternatives. For bio-surfactants to be implemented industrially, they need to be produced on a large scale and also have tailorable properties that match those afforded by the polymerization of synthetic surfactants. In this paper, a scalable and versatile production method for bio-surfactants based on a hydrophilic intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) sequence with a genetically engineered hydrophobic domain is used to study variables that impact their physicochemical and self-assembling properties. These amphiphilic sequences were found to self-assemble into micelles over a broad range of temperatures, pH values, and ionic strengths. To investigate the role of the IDP hydrophilic domain on self-assembly, variants with increased overall charges and systematically decreased IDP domain lengths were produced and examined for their sizes, morphologies, and critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). The results of these studies indicate that decreasing the length of the IDP domain and, consequently, the molecular weight and hydrophilic fraction, leads to smaller micelles. Additionally, significantly increasing the amount of charged residues in the hydrophilic IDP domain results in micelles of similar sizes, but with higher CMC values. This represents an initial step in developing a quantitative model for the future engineering of bio-surfactants based on this IDP sequence.
Sustaining remote operations adoption post pandemic: A major key to a net zero future

The North Sea has always been a pioneer for the adoption of remote operations services (ROS) in offshore drilling applications. Drilling services such as Measurement While Drilling (MWD), Logging While Drilling (LWD) and/or mud logging (ML) have been performed with an element of ROS for over the last two decades. Early adoption of these remote services delivered initial benefits to operators such as reducing HSE risks related to the travel and accommodation of field service employees at offshore rig sites. Meanwhile service companies were able to explore the added efficiencies gained by having multi-skilled employees providing a higher level of support to customers while also gaining additional agility to manage their personnel through tighter market cycles. The mutual benefit of this early adoption created a solid foundation for ROS to expand the scope of influence in drilling operations to include Directional Drilling (DD). Despite the maturity of ROS within a select community of operators in the North Sea, the industry standard for service delivery in offshore operations has continued to require field service employees to perform DD, MWD, and LWD services at rig sites until this past year. With the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, operators and service companies were quickly and abruptly confronted with the challenges of new HSE regulations, travel restrictions, and increased financial scrutiny. ROS presented a tailored solution to not only sustain business continuity but also create added efficiency, consistency, and risk management. Over the course of 2020, adoption of ROS rapidly accelerated across offshore operations in the North Sea and reached up to 100% penetration in key sectors. This tremendous achievement has made a significant impact on project performance and HSE efficiencies by ensuring on time service delivery while reducing personnel on board (POB). In addition, as more operators and services companies explore ways of reducing their carbon footprints and achieving a net zero future, ROS has proven to be a way to significantly reduce carbon emissions associated with transportation and utilities of offshore personnel. This paper discusses the methods that enabled a record high adoption rate for ROS and explores the critical components of its success. It illustrates the management of change in service delivery processes, the introduction of new technology to unlock greater productivity and synergies, and the new approach to design the core competencies needed to support ROS. It also describes the need for flexible ROS service models to meet the specific project needs of various operators. The paper concludes with the numerous benefits realized through ROS such as improved performance and consistently reliable service delivery. The paper also examines the resulting carbon emission reduction, how to quantify it, and the role ROS plays in achieving a net zero emissions future. © 2021, Society of Petroleum Engineers
Escherichia coli and Enterococci Bacteria in Lake Michigan Beach Sand

Fecal indicator bacteria can be used as a surrogate to pathogenic microorganisms to monitor fecal contamination in water bodies. Increased concentrations of fecal bacteria may pose public health ri...
A Business Process Model for Integrated Home Care

Abstract Currently, Integrated Home Care (IHC) represents a good alternative for providing health and social care but, even if several research efforts have been made, the complexity of the domain implies further investigation. In particular, the lack of precision in defining activities, actors involved and goals have led some European countries including Italy to have low levels of coordination and integration of care delivery. In order to tackle this issue, this paper presents an analysis on existing IHC processes in Italy and, starting from the results of such an analysis, proposes an IHC process model represented by using the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The choice of BPMN relies on its flexibility that makes it preferable if compared to other similar languages. Indeed, it offers two levels of representation: the graphical notation, that makes it simple to understand, and modeling constructs to represent the message-based interactions and the event-based decisions, and then relevant features such as dynamics. Additionally, such a modeling allows early detection and resolution of critical issues. This work can be an essential previous step for further analysis and improvements of IHC processes, including the adoption of ICT.
Adenylate kinase in human tissue. I. Organ specificity of adenylate kinase isoenzymes.

Abstract The organ specificity of human adenylate kinase isoenzymes was established among adenylate kinase isoenzymes of different tissue origins by differences in the degree of inhibitions by sulfhydryl reagents; by differences in isoelectric points; by differences of enzyme distribution patterns; and in some instances by differences in molecular weights. The organ specificity of the adenylate kinase isoenzymes obtained also in dog, rat, guinea pig, rooster, fish, and cow. At least six different tissue-specific adenylate kinase isoenzymes were evident in man and several other animal species. The organ specificity of the adenylate kinase was further supported by serological studies. An antiserum against rabbit muscle adenylate kinase inhibited extensively the adenylate kinase activities of the skeletal muscles from all of the species tested, but inhibited slightly or did not inhibit the adenylate kinase activities from the liver or kidneys of these species. The adenylate kinase activities from other tissues showed degrees of inhibition by the antiserum intermediate to liver or kidney adenylate kinase and skeletal muscle adenylate kinase.
Cross Section Translog Production and Elasticity of Substitution in U.S. Manufacturing Industry

This paper examines elasticity of substitution among electricity, labor and capital in U.S. manufacturing industry, using cross section data of 2007. In this analysis, Manufacturing industries were categorized into three categories based on input use and technology. Translog homothetic and non-homothetic production functions for each category were estimated but the restrictions imposed for homothetic production were rejected. The estimated parameters of non homothetic production function were used to estimate the own, cross price and Morishma elasticities of inputs for three different manufacturing categories. These elasticities indicate that capital, electricity and labor are substitutes each other. Cross price elasticities indicate that that electricity is weak substitute to capital and labor but capital and labor are strong substitutes to electricity. These elasticities and the availability of nonrenewable energy source suggest that price of electricity or energy will rise faster than wage and interest rate increase with economic growth. This implies that policies promoting the development and commercialization of alternative energy sources would be a better solution than policies promoting new energy saving physical capital or increasing labor productivity to meet the increasing demand for electricity. Keywords: Elasticity of substitution; Manufacturing industries; Translog production function JEL Classifications: D24; L60
Quantifying extension of passive margins: Implications for sea level change

[1] Passive margins form by rifting and extension of continental crust. Extension of continental crust, associated with subduction elsewhere, decreases ocean basin volume, forcing sea level to rise. The amount that the continental crust has been extended can be quantified using total tectonic subsidence, which is determined using sediment thickness and water depth data coupled with a model of the rifting process. We calculate total tectonic subsidence, the amount of extension or stretching factor, and thickness of extended continental crust at a 5 min grid resolution for passive margins between 77°N and 70°S. Our modeled crustal thicknesses correlate well with seismic refraction data from North America and Australia and can be used to estimate the change in ocean volume and the impact of extension on sea level. The duration of extension is constrained by estimating the onset of rifting and the breakup age, which is the time when rifting ceased and seafloor spreading began. Our results indicate that extension of continental crust has increased sea level by 20.8 m since the start of Pangea rifting.
Immunohistochemical localization of benzodiazepine/GABAA receptors in the human hippocampal formation

Monoclonal antibodies to a purified benzodiazepine/GABAA receptor complex from bovine cerebral cortex were used to determine the localization of this receptor in immunohistochemical preparations of the human hippocampal formation. The regional localization of the receptor was compared with the autoradiographic distribution of binding sites for a benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15–1788, and very similar patterns were observed. The highest levels of labeling were present in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, where much of the immunoreaction product was localized on the dendrites of granule cells. Lower levels of staining were observed in the granule cell layer, where reaction product was distributed around the perimeter of granule cell somata. The staining patterns varied among the different fields of the hippocampus. Labeling was lowest in the CA3 field, increased somewhat in the CA2 field, and was highest in the CA1 field. Within CA1, a laminar pattern was observed. Moderate to high levels of staining were present in strata oriens, pyramidale, radiatum, and moleculare, whereas less staining was observed in stratum lacunosum. The cellular localization of the receptor also differed among the hippocampal fields. Very little reaction product was observed on pyramidal neurons in the CA3 field, but labeling of pyramidal neurons appeared to increase progressively throughout CA2, CA1, and the subiculum. Nonpyramidal neurons were prominently labeled in all hippocampal fields. These results indicate that the benzodiazepine/GABAA receptor is heterogeneously distributed among the different fields and on different neuronal cell types of the human hippocampus.
Child-to-child transmission of gonorrhea: report of asymptomatic genital infection in a boy.

During the last decade, investigators have firmly associated the transmission of gonococcal infection to children with sexual abuse.1 Reports linking acquisition of disease with childhood sexual activity, however, have been sparse and scantily detailed.2-5 To our knowledge, asymptomatic gonococcal urethritis in a child has not previously been reported. We present the clinical features and sociosexual circumstances surrounding gonococcal infection in three children younger than 10 years of age, two of whom acquired urethritis (one asymptomatically) from the third, and discuss the epidemiologic implications. PROLOGUE All patients described are white. The index case was a 4-year-old boy complaining of dysuria, meatal pus, and back pain of three days9 duration.
Active control of floor vibration: implementation case studies

Progress has been made toward controlling excessive floor vibration by means of active structural control. In this control scheme an electro-magnetic shaker is used to impart control forces on a floor system, thus, reducing the floor vibration levels. This paper presents an overview of the control system setup and describes two case studies where active control was implemented to improve floor vibration characteristics.
Robotic exploration under the controlled active vision framework

We present robust techniques for the derivation of depth from feature points on a target surface and for the accurate and high-speed tracking of moving targets. We use these techniques in a system that operates with little or no a priori knowledge of the object-related parameters present in the environment. The system is designed under the controlled active vision framework and robustly determines parameters such as velocity for tracking moving objects and depth maps of objects with unknown depths and surface structure. Such determination of extrinsic environmental parameters is essential for performing higher level tasks such as inspection, exploration, tracking, grasping, and collision-free motion planning. For both applications, we use the Minnesota Robotic Visual Tracker (a visual sensor mounted on the end-effector of a robotic manipulator combined with a real-time vision system) to automatically select feature points on surfaces, to derive an estimate of the environmental parameter in question, and to supply a control vector based upon these estimates to guide the manipulator. >
Mexican American Female Adolescents' Perceptions of Relationships and Dating Violence

Purpose: This study fills a gap regarding the perspectives of Mexican American female adolescents on dating relationships and dating violence (DV). Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study. Focus groups included 20 Mexican American young women, primarily first and second generation, mean age 14.5 years (SD= 2.5). Data were analyzed with categorical analysis. Findings: Participants described key components of DV and identified cultural aspects that may serve to promote healthy dating relationships. Conclusions: Family-based interventions to promote exploration of gender roles and parent-child communication may foster biculturalism as well as promote healthy dating relationships and prevent violence within this cultural group. Clinical Relevance: In the United States, 10% to 40% of teens experience DV. Hispanic females experience more physical DV than their White peers. Language: en
Spin densities and correlations in regular polyene radicals

Positive and negative ground-state spin densities are obtained exactly for regular Pariser-Parr-Pople radicals up to eleven carbons and Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains up to fifteen spins. Molecular Pariser-Parr-Pople parameters for the ratio $|\frac{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{-}}}{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{+}}|$ of total negative and positive spin densities extrapolate to \ensuremath{\sim} 0.43 for fifty sites, slightly above the ENDOR value for polyacetylene. Correlations in interacting Heisenberg systems lead to long-range interactions between spin solitons and a shifted midgap state.
The effect of H2O2 on lens epithelial cell glutathione

Investigation of lens epithelial cells indicates that under normal conditions, essentially all of the detectable cellular glutathione is in a reduced state. However, exposure to levels of H2O2 in the range found in the aqueous fluid of cataract patients causes rapid, very large changes in the glutathione redox ratios. Immediately following short-term exposure to 0.15-0.2 mM H2O2, reduced glutathione drops to 19% of its normal level and the remainder of the total glutathione is found in the oxidized form. Within the next few minutes, the redox ratio returns to normal. However, total glutathione levels remain approximately 20% below normal even one hour after exposure to H2O2. With exposure to a higher concentration of H2O2, a greater loss of glutathione is observed. The results suggest that the glutathione redox ratios change dramatically as a result of oxidative insult but quickly return to normal when the oxidative insult is removed. The formation of mixed glutathione-protein disulfide was also observed but only after long-term (1 hour) exposure to a high level (0.6 mM) of H2O2.
Abstract 5303: Uptake and Efflux of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in human adipocytes

Obesity has been linked to the development of numerous chronic diseases, including breast cancer. Although the association between obesity and breast cancer risk is clear in postmenopausal women, high body mass index (BMI) appears to protect against breast cancer in pre-menopausal women. The mechanistic basis of this “obesity paradox” is unknown. One hypothesis is that abundant adipose tissue in the mammary gland functions as a storage depot for lipid-soluble carcinogens of dietary origin, initially offering protection against exposures. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are pro-carcinogens that are formed from high-temperature cooked meats. Exposures to these compounds are ubiquitous in Western diets and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP), the most mass-abundant HCA, is classified as a “probable human carcinogen.” To determine rates of influx of PhIP into adipocytes, differentiated Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were treated with 5 µM plus 0.02 µCi 14 C-PhIP for 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, and media was removed at time points. Cells were re-suspended in scintillation fluid, and counted with a 1450 LSL & Luminescence Count (Perkin Elmer). Influx was rapid and PhIP continued to accumulate in the cells between 15 and 60 minutes. To determine efflux, SGBS cells were exposed to 5 µM plus 0.02 µCi 14 C-PhIP and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes. Media was removed and the cells were washed with PBS. Radioactivity retained in SGBS cells was counted at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes. SGBS cells retained 50% of the radioactivity for more than 10 minutes, compared to other studies where PhIP efflux from pancreatic acinii and hepatocytes occurs within the first 15 seconds. Our data demonstrates that human adipocyte efflux is significantly slower than those in other type of cells reported in the literature, suggesting that human adipocytes can sequester PhIP, thereby protecting the breast from dietary exposure to carcinogens. Citation Format: Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Lora J. Rogers, Susan A. Kadlubar. Uptake and Efflux of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in human adipocytes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5303. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5303
Hierarchical, model-based merging of multiple fragments for improved three-dimensional segmentation of nuclei.

Background Automated segmentation of fluorescently labeled cell nuclei in three-dimensional confocal images is essential for numerous studies, e.g., spatiotemporal fluorescence in situ hybridization quantification of immediate early gene transcription. High accuracy and automation levels are required in high-throughput and large-scale studies. Common sources of segmentation error include tight clustering and fragmentation of nuclei. Previous region-based methods are limited because they perform merging of two nuclear fragments at a time. To achieve higher accuracy without sacrificing scale, more sophisticated yet computationally efficient algorithms are needed. Methods A recursive tree-based algorithm that can consider multiple object fragments simultaneously is described. Starting with oversegmented data, it searches efficiently for the optimal merging pattern guided by a quantitative scoring criterion based on object modeling. Computation is bounded by limiting the depth of the merging tree. Results The proposed method was found to perform consistently better, achieving merging accuracy in the range of 92% to 100% compared with our previous algorithm, which varied in the range of 75% to 97%, even with a modest merging tree depth of 3. The overall average accuracy improved from 90% to 96%, with roughly the same computational cost for a set of representative images drawn from the CA1, CA3, and parietal cortex regions of the rat hippocampus. Conclusion Hierarchical tree model-based algorithms significantly improve the accuracy of automated nuclear segmentation without sacrificing speed. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Competency‐based Management Education

Information that might be helpful to those who are considering the desirability of teaching competency‐based management education (CBME) is presented. The underlying assumptions of CBME are identified, its emergence is placed in a broader educational context, three major views of managerial competencies are discussed and several practical CBME implementation issues are raised.
Measurement of Acetaminophen‐Protein Adducts in Children and Adolescents with Acetaminophen Overdoses

Acetaminophen-protein adducts are biomarkers of acetaminophen toxicity present in the centrilobular region of the liver of laboratory animals following the administration of toxic doses of acetaminophen. These biomarkers are highly specific for acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury and correlate with hepatic transaminase elevation. The objective of this prospective, multicenter study was to evaluate the clinical application of the measurement of acetaminophen-protein adducts in pediatric acetaminophen overdose patients. Serum samples were obtained from 51 children and adolescents with acetaminophen overdose at the time of routine blood sampling for clinical monitoring. Six subjects developed "severe" hepatotoxicity (transaminase elevation > 1,000 IU/L), and 6 subjects had transaminase elevation of 100 to 1,000 IU/L. Acetaminophen-protein adducts were detected in the serum of only 1 study subject, a patient with marked transaminase elevation (> 6,000 IU/L) and high risk for the development of hepatotoxicity according to the Rumack nomogram. While this study provides further support for the occurrence of covalent binding of acetaminophen to hepatic protein in humans following acetaminophen overdose, the detection of acetaminophen-protein adducts in serum with the current methodology requires significant biochemical evidence of hepatocellular injury.
Dermatitis herpetiformis and the mucosal immune response

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an extremely pruritic, papulo-vesicular skin disease characterized by the presence of granular IgA deposits at the dermalepidermal junction (DE J), an associated, most often asymptomatic, gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) and a strong association with the HLA class II antigens HLADR3 and -DQw2 [ 1,2]. The presence of IgA, the predominant immunoglobulin of the mucosal immune system, in the skin of patients with DH, coupled with the striking association with GSE has led to the hypothesis that a mucosal immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DH. A role for a mucosal immune response has been further suggested by the observation that not only the gastrointestinal disease, but also the skin disease can be controlled by a gluten-free diet [3,4]. Since the gastrointestinal disease is asymptomatic in most patients with DH, many choose to be treated with dapsone, which does not alter the gastrointestinal mucosa [3]. Most patients with DH, therefore, continue to ingest wheat protein (gluten), with the resultant ongoing presentation of antigen to an abnormal gastrointestinal mucosa. Patients with DH thus represent a unique model for the study of the gastrointestinal immune response since it relates both to the pathogenesis of DH and other disorders of the mucosal immune system.
Some aspects of equatorial weather and of the typhoon problem

In the first week of the War in December, 1941, there were published in Manila 500 copies of a new monograph of mine entitled “Upper-air characteristics (1–4 km) of the Philippine and adjacent regions.” There was time only to distribute a few copies to Navy and Pan-American Airways men; the rest were successfully hidden from the Japanese, though the hiding place had to be changed thrice. Unfortunately, however, though endeavors were made before internment to save the papers by distribution to others, absolutely all copies seem to have been burned either in the siege of Manila or at Corregidor; not one has so far been recovered in spite of diligent search by both Army and Navy men. There were also, burned the original and carbon copies of the manuscripts of seven other original articles which I had composed during occupation of Manila by the Japanese before I was actually interned at Los Banos in July, 1944. Due to the imminent danger of search, none of these could be taken with me to the internment camp, for they would have been seized and translated into Japanese like all my other monographs, and used for hostile purposes. They therefore had to be left in trustworthy hands in Manila, but they all perished in the flames of the siege together in some cases with their keepers.
Ultraviolet damage and nucleosome folding of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene.

The Xenopus borealis somatic 5S ribosomal RNA gene was used as a model system to determine the mutual effects of nucleosome folding and formation of ultraviolet (UV) photoproducts (primarily cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, or CPDs) in chromatin. We analyzed the preferred rotational and translational settings of 5S rDNA on the histone octamer surface after induction of up to 0.8 CPD/nucleosome core (2.5 kJ/m(2) UV dose). DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprints indicate that UV damage at these levels does not affect the average rotational setting of the 5S rDNA molecules. Moreover, a combination of nuclease trimming and restriction enzyme digestion indicates the preferred translational positions of the histone octamer are not affected by this level of UV damage. We also did not observe differences in the UV damage patterns of irradiated 5S rDNA before or after nucleosome formation, indicating there is little difference in the inhibition of nucleosome folding by specific CPD sites in the 5S rRNA gene. Conversely, nucleosome folding significantly restricts CPD formation at all sites in the three helical turns of the nontranscribed strand located in the dyad axis region of the nucleosome, where DNA is bound exclusively by the histone H3-H4 tetramer. Finally, modulation of themore » CPD distribution in a 14 nt long pyrimidine tract correlates with its rotational setting on the histone surface, when the strong sequence bias for CPD formation in this tract is minimized by normalization. These results help establish the mutual roles of histone binding and UV photoproducts on their formation in chromatin.« less
Widespread primary cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum.

Background. Cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum, a ubiquitous rapid growing atypical mycobacterium, most often occurs as a postsurgical wound complication or at the site of a penetrating injury to the skin. Rarely, disseminated infection with cutaneous involvement can occur in immunocompromised patients. Case Report. A 47-year-old black woman presented with a 10-year history of numerous draining abscesses and tender nodules on the back and buttocks unresponsive to oral and intravenous antibiotics. Biopsy showed a granulomatous and suppurative dermatitis and panniculitis and special stains did not reveal organisms. M. fortuitum was cultured from involved skin on two separate occasions. The patient improved with a 2-week course of intravenous amikacin and cefoxitin combined with oral probenecid followed by a course of doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions. Widespread primary cutaneous infection with M. fortuitum may occur in an immunocompetent patient. Chronic draining skin abscesses unresponsive to routine antibiotics may represent infection with an atypical mycobacterium; tissue cultures of affected skin should be performed to rule out this possibility. Therapy should be directed by culture sensitivity results.
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM: DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES

Although adrenal-dependent hypertension is uncommon, its diagnosis provides clinicians with a unique treatment opportunity, that is, to render a surgical cure or to achieve a dramatic response to pharmacologic therapy. Catecholamine-secreting tumors are frequently sought and rarely found. In many patients, they are associated with spectacular cardiovascular disturbances. When these tumors are diagnosed correctly and treated properly, they are curable; when undiagnosed or treated improperly, they can be fatal. Although primary aldosteronism is not associated with a dramatic clinical presentation or lethal consequences if undiscovered, this form of secondary hypertension is also amenable to either surgical cure or pharmacologic treatment.
Expanding dispersal studies at hydrothermal vents through species identification of cryptic larval forms

The rapid identification of hydrothermal vent-endemic larvae to the species level is a key limitation to understanding the dynamic processes that control the abundance and distribution of fauna in such a patchy and ephemeral environment. Many larval forms collected near vents, even those in groups such as gastropods that often form a morphologically distinct larval shell, have not been identified to species. We present a staged approach that combines morphological and molecular identification to optimize the capability, efficiency, and economy of identifying vent gastropod larvae from the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR). With this approach, 15 new larval forms can be identified to species. A total of 33 of the 41 gastropod species inhabiting the NEPR, and 26 of the 27 gastropod species known to occur specifically in the 9° 50′ N region, can be identified to species. Morphological identification efforts are improved by new protoconch descriptions for Gorgoleptis spiralis, Lepetodrilus pustulosus, Nodopelta subnoda, and Echinopelta fistulosa. Even with these new morphological descriptions, the majority of lepetodrilids and peltospirids require molecular identification. Restriction fragment length polymorphism digests are presented as an economical method for identification of five species of Lepetodrilus and six species of peltospirids. The remaining unidentifiable specimens can be assigned to species by comparison to an expanded database of 18S ribosomal DNA. The broad utility of the staged approach was exemplified by the revelation of species-level variation in daily planktonic samples and the identification and characterization of egg capsules belonging to a conid gastropod Gymnobela sp. A. The improved molecular and morphological capabilities nearly double the number of species amenable to field studies of dispersal and population connectivity.
Structural and spectroscopic demonstration of agostic C-C interactions in electron-deficient metallacyclobutanes and related cage complexes: possible implications for olefin polymerizations and metatheses.

The reaction of the half-open titanocene, Ti(C5H5)(c-C8H11)(PMe3) (c-C8H11 = cyclooctadienyl), with two equivalents of PhC2SiMe3 leads to their incorporation and coupling to the dienyl fragment. On...
Microinjection of purified transgenic hsc and progenitors into blastocysts leads to partial complementation of t cell compartment in chimeric adult RAG-2 mice

Abstract To further analyze in vivo developmental potential of mouse HSC and progenitors we have developed a new pre-utero transplantation assay termed blastocyst engraftment assay (BEA). Microinjection of ≤ 100 Lin − Sca-1 + or Lin − Sca-1 − cells (purified by FACS from the bone marrow of adult ROSA β- geo 26 transgenic mice) into 3.5 dpc C57BL/6J blastocysts has demonstrated that only the population of more primitive Lin − Sca-1 + cells, but not Lin − Sca-1 − cells, contains blastocyst colonizing cells (BCC), which can survive during embryo development and engraft yolk sac and fetal liver (≤ 5% of transgenic cells). To investigate whether microinjected HSC and progenitors could repopulate lymphoid compartments, we have generated chimeric RAG-2 mice and analyzed complementation level of lymphoid cells in 4 weeks old control and experimental RAG-2 mice by flow cytometry and PCR. Comparative analysis of thymocytes from control and experimental RAG-2 mice has revealed an increase in the number of SP T cells (CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+), and appearance of double positive (CD4+CD8+) and TCRαβ 1 cells in the thymus of chimeric mice. Interestingly, analysis of T and B cells in the spleen and bone marrow has not shown complementation in experimental mice. Low engraftment level of donor HSC and partial complementation of T cells compartment are probably due to the lack of selective functional advantage over endogenous RAG-2 −/− HSC. Microinjection of highly enriched populations of HSC into blastocysts of knockout mice (GATA-2, SCL, AML-1, PU-1) with perturbed hematopoiesis could serve as a novel in vivo assay to analyze primitive hematopoietic cell homing and differentiation during early embryonic development.
Soybean root respiration assessed from short-term14C-activity changes

During and immediately after labelling of soybeans (Glycine max. L.) in the field by exposure to14CO2, its respiratory deposit into the soil atmosphere, and its liberation from the soil were used in conjunction with estimates of below-ground plant biomass to apportion total soil respiration. Root respiration of soybean plants at stage V6 was estimated at 4 mg CO2.(g root)−1.h−1. Soil biota, during the same time, contributed 35% of total soil respiration.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor as a Volume Regulator

Atrial natriuretic factor, originally isolated from the atrium of the heart, has been found to consist of three major groups: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-form natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-form natriuretic peptide (CNP). In addition, ANP exists in its precursor form, pro-ANP, an active ANP with a longer peptide chain (urodilatin) and an antiparallel dimer of active ANP. Sites and production of these diverse forms of the peptides are also diverse, depending on pathologic states. Three major subtypes of ANP receptors exist; these include a clearance receptor and two types of a transmembrane receptor with guanylyl cyclase structures in their intracellular domain. The latter exists at least in two forms, one of which is found mainly in the brain. All the actions of ANP mediated by the transmembrane form of ANP receptors are mediated by cGMP generated by the guanylyl cyclase in the cytosolic domain of the receptor. Among the numerous effects of ANP, its major effects are stimulation of natriuresis and diuresis by the kidney through its hemodynamic and tubular effects. In addition, ANP causes vasodilatation and fluid volume reduction by direct actions on vascular smooth muscle cells, and inhibition of secretion of hormones, such as aldosterone, from adrenal cortex and norepinephrine from peripheral adrenergic neurons. Centrally mediated effects on the regulation of the fluid volume may also be important.
Information encountering and management in information literacy instruction of undergraduate, students

We examine information literacy standards from the Association of College and Research Libraries.We survey students enrolled in an information literacy course on how they encounter and manage information.Current information literacy standards do not refer to skills needed organize and store documents and other information resources.Students enrolled in this class frequently encountering unexpected, useful information online and stop to examine this information.Students in this class are not using web-based tools to capture information for later use. The nature of the information-rich environment of the 21st century has affected the ways in which students' access information. Students no longer have to seek information; they acquire it passively through their everyday use of the Internet. This paper presents findings of a study involving the information encountering experiences of undergraduate students and the potential role of personal information collection, management, and retrieval in information literacy instruction. Undergraduate students enrolled in an information literacy course were surveyed regarding their experiences online with information encountering and personal information management. Survey questions were adopted from the information encountering scale developed by Wise & Erdelez (2012) and consisted of twelve questions focused on the noticing, stopping, examining, and capturing steps of the Information encountering model (Erdelez, 2004). The study indicates that the vast majority of the undergraduate students responding to the survey were frequently encountering unexpected information while online, but were not capturing this information for future use using built-in, web-based tools. While information literacy courses teach students to identify, seek, analyze, and use needed information, they do not prepare them to manage and retrieve unexpected information encountered while using the Internet.
Bovine cardiac mitochondrial ADP/ATP-carrier: Two distinct mRNAs and an unusually short 3′-noncoding sequence

cDNA clones for bovine cardiac mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier have been isolated. They hybridize with two mRNAs that differ in size by about 300 nucleotides. The concentration ratio and total abundance of the two mRNAs varies among bovine tissues (heart, liver, kidney, and uterus). At least one of them has an unusually short 3′-noncoding sequence, which includes the two consensus cleavage/polyadenylation signal sequences CATTG and ATTAAA. The 3′-end shows complementarity to regions of human U4 small nuclear RNA. The predicted amino acid sequence confirms the reported sequence from Val 207 to the C-terminal Val 297 , which has been proposed (residue 279–291) to contribute to a nucleotide binding site.
Population-based studies of adverse drug effects.

The prescription of medications has long been the most frequent therapeutic intervention in medicine. In 2000 in the United States, 173 million people filled 2.2 billion outpatient prescriptions, a...
Fine structural examination of the single heart tube in the fifteen day ferret embryo

The different segments of the embryonic heart tube of the ferret were examined with light and transmission electron microscopy. The cells of bulbus cordis, bulboventricular junction, primitive ventricle, atrioventricular junction, and primitive atria were in the process of differentiating into myocardial cells. The ventricular muscle cells were the most developed cells; the least mature muscle cells were those located at the arterial and venous ends of the heart tube. The cells between the ventricle and the two ends of the heart tube showed a spectrum of developmental stages, especially with respect to the morphological development of the myofibrils. Other organelles as well as surface specializations did not permit a distinction between cells of the different regions of the heart tube. There was no striking difference in the size and shape of the developing muscle cells of the atrioventricular and bulboventricular junctions compared to the developing ventricular muscle cells. Morphologically there was no evidence to suggest that the tissue of the atrioventricular and bulboventricular rings was specialized or different from any of the other segments of the single heart tube of the embryonic ferret.
Fluoride Transport Out of Solutions Containing Hydrophilic Colloids

Fluoride transport rates out of sodium fluoride solutions containing hydrophilic colloids were studied as a function of the concentration and type of colloid. Under certain conditions, anionic and nonionic polymers increased the rate of fluoride transport out of the solution even though the viscosity increased concomitantly.
Fluorocarbon combustion studies II—Detonation velocities and limits of perfluorocyclobutane-fluorine mixtures

Detonation velocities and limits for the system perfluorocyclobutane-fluorine have been measured. The velocities have been compared with computed Chapman-Jouguet velocities. This is, so far as we know, the first time a systematic study has been made of the combustion of a fluorocarbon with fluorine. Adiabatic flame temperatures and compositions for this system are computed and reported. It is shown that, with simple systems such as these, detonation velocity measurements can be used to compute standard enthalpies of formation with a precision comparable to that of calorimetric measurements. A solid state optical sensor was used to detect the passage of the detonation wave in a stainless steel detonation tube.
Design of a precision two-dimensional tip-tilting stage system for autocollimator-based long trace profiler angular calibration

Autocollimator-based long trace profiler requires precise angular calibration to perform accurate measurements for xray mirrors. A prototype of a precision two-dimensional tip-tilting stage system has been designed and tested for a new autocollimator-based long trace profiler at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This flexural stage system is designed to meet challenging mechanical and optical specifications for producing high positioning resolution and stability for angular calibration for autocollimator-based long trace profiler. It could also be used as a precision mirror manipulator for hard x-ray nano-focusing with Montel mirror optics. The mechanical design of a precision two-dimensional tip-tilting stage system as well as preliminary test results of its precision positioning performance are presented in this paper.
First record of the tritylodontid Oligokyphus (Synapsida) from the Lower Jurassic of western North America

ABSTRACT Teeth and cranial remains of a small tritylodontid have recently been discovered in the “Silty Facies” of the Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona. Based on the characteristic structure of the postcanine teeth, they can be referred to Oligokyphus Hennig, 1922, previously only known from the Lower Jurassic of Europe. The presence of Oligokyphus in the Kayenta Formation supports an Early Jurassic age for this formation and is paleobiogeographically significant because it forges a link with the more or less contemporaneous tetrapod assemblages in Europe.