cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rocket Engine Turbine Blade Surface Pressure Distributions Experiment and Computations

Understanding the unsteady aspects of turbine rotor flow fields is critical to successful future turbine designs. A technology program was conducted at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center to increase the understanding of unsteady environments for rocket engine turbines. The experimental program involved instrumenting turbine rotor blades with miniature surface mounted high frequency response pressure transducers. The turbine model was then tested to measure the unsteady pressures on the rotor blades. The data obtained from the experimental program is unique in two respects. First, much more unsteady data was obtained (several minutes per set point) than has been possible in the past. Also, an extensive steady performance database existed for the turbine model. This allowed an evaluation of the effect of the on-blade instrumentation on the turbine's performance. A three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes analysis was also used to blindly predict the unsteady flow field in the turbine at the design operating conditions and at +15 degrees relative incidence to the first-stage rotor. The predicted time-averaged and unsteady pressure distributions show good agreement with the experimental data. This unique data set, the lessons learned for acquiring this type of data, and the improvements made to the data analysis and prediction tools are contributing significantly to current Space Launch Initiative turbine airflow test and blade surface pressure prediction efforts.
Treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the liver with yttrium-90 microsphere embolization.

The treatment options for patients with chemoresistant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are limited. Fenske et al. describe the case of a 41-year-old man with chemorefractory lymphoma, who was treated with yttrium-90 microsphere embolization of his hepatic tumors. The patient's lymphoma progressed and he died, but there was no evidence of recurrence in the liver. The authors discuss yttrium-90 microsphere embolization for patients who have chemoresistant lymphoma with involvement of the liver. Background A 41-year-old male with a 4-year history of chronic hepatitis C presented with a 1-month history of abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. Investigations Laboratory examinations, chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT scans, PET-CT scans, ultrasound-guided needle biopsies of liver lesions, bone-marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical staining for B-cell markers including CD20. Diagnosis Chemoresistant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with gradual loss of CD20 antigen expression. Management Embolization of hepatic tumors using yttrium-90 microspheres (Therasphere®, Theragenics Corporation, Buford, GA).
Structure and swimming behavior of the larva of Halichondria melanadocia (Porifera: Demospongiae).

Larvae of the sponge Halichondria melanadocia are of the parenchymella type and, during swimming, can change shape rapidly from cigar-like to ovoid. Larvae collected in Hawaii displayed neither qualitative nor quantitative differences in behavior or structure from those collected in Florida. Floridian larvae were examined at 2, 28, 48, and 72 hr after release to assess anatomical changes correlated with duration of the free-swimming period. Although 2 hr larvae were significantly longer than 48 or 72 hr larvae, other differences were not observed. Positively phototactic throughout the free-swimming period, the larvae eventually begin to swim on or near the bottom of dishes, settle temporarily, but can resume swimming before permanent settlement is achieved. The larva is extensively flagellated and a band of long flagella separates the lateral and posterior regions. The epidermis is a tall, simple columnar epithelium composed of highly polarized, monoflagellated cells. The interior contains at least two distinct amoeboid cell types that intermesh with the basal ends of epidermal cells within a loosely defined cavity. No spicules are present. Choanocyte chambers, found within 3 of the 50 larvae that were serially sectioned, varied in size and complexity, but were not associated with canals. This report is the-first of such chambers in Halichondria larvae. Spicules and choanocyte chambers are somatic structures associated with adults, and their appearance in larvae is presumably a consequence of a heterochronic event, most likely acceleration. The evolutionary significance of the occurrence of these traits in Halichondria larvae awaits further developmental analysis and greater phylogenetic resolution.
Olfactory dysfunction in alzheimer's disease

Recent evidence suggesting involvement of the central olfactory system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was assessed by contrasting olfactory and visual discrimination in 15 probable AD subjects and 6 healthy aged controls. Control subjects performed better than AD subjects on both tasks. Mild AD subjects performed better than moderate AD subjects on visual discrimination, although the two groups did not differ on olfactory discrimination. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies with (F‐18)2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose performed on 11 of the AD subjects showed no relation between olfactory performance and cerebral metabolic asymmetries, but relations to visual discrimination were found.
Virtual reality simulators: valuable surgical skills trainers or video games?

Abstract Background Virtual reality (VR) and physical model (PM) simulators differ in terms of whether the trainee is manipulating actual 3-dimensional objects (PM) or computer-generated 3-dimensional objects (VR). Much like video games (VG), VR simulators utilize computer-generated graphics. These differences may have profound effects on the utility of VR and PM training platforms. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a relationship exists between VR, PM, and VG platforms. Methods VR and PM simulators for laparoscopic camera navigation ([LCN], experiment 1) and flexible endoscopy ([FE] experiment 2) were used in this study. In experiment 1, 20 laparoscopic novices played VG and performed 0° and 30° LCN exercises on VR and PM simulators. In experiment 2, 20 FE novices played VG and performed colonoscopy exercises on VR and PM simulators. Results In both experiments, VG performance was correlated with VR performance but not with PM performance. Performance on VR simulators did not correlate with performance on respective PM models. Conclusions VR environments may be more like VG than previously thought.
PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS OF N -SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ESTERS WITH PRE-IMAGINAL STAGES OF AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

Physiological interactions of n-saturated fatty acids, trans-2-unsaturated fatty acids and their methyl and ethyl esters with pre-imaginal stages of Aedes aegypti (L.) have been described. Differences in the response of the larvae and pupae to the same chemical and also the specific interactions of some chemicals synchronized with a short period during the development of a single stage have been emphasized. Investigations of a homologous series of fatty acids and their derivatives indicate that earlier statements to the effect that their toxicity increases as the series is ascended, and that maximum toxicity is reached in the vicinity of capric and lauric acids, should not be accepted without modifications.
Bounded Model Checking for Timed Automata1 1This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants CCR-00-82560 and CCR-00-86096.

Abstract Given a timed automaton M, a linear temporal logic formula φ, and a bound k, bounded model checking for timed automata determines if there is a falsifying path of length k to the hypothesis that M satisfies the specification φ. This problem can be reduced to the satisfiability problem for Boolean constraint formulas over linear arithmetic constraints. We show that bounded model checking for timed automata is complete, and we give lower and upper bounds for the length k of counterexamples. Moreover, we define bounded model checking for networks of timed automata in a compositional way.
Iwan Models and Their Provenance

Iwan models have had some exposure recently in modeling the nonlinear response of individual joints. This popularity can be ascribed to their mathematical simplicity, their versatility, and their ability to capture the important responses of mechanical joints under unidirectional loads. There is a lot of history to this category of model. Masing explored kinematic hardening of metals with a model consisting of ten Jenkins elements in series. Soon after, Prandtl explored the behavior of a continuous distribution of such elements. Ishlinskii explored the mathematical structure of such continuous distributions. Much more recently, Iwan demonstrated practical application of such models in capturing various sorts of metal plasticity.Among the features that make such models interesting is a simple relationship between the asymptotic nature of the integral kernel at small values and the power-law relation between force amplitude and dissipation per cycle in harmonic loading. Iwan provided several differential equations for deducing the kernel from force-displacement relations. Segalman and Starr devised methods for deducing kernels from force-displacement curves of arbitrary Masing models. This is illustrated to generate a BPII model equivalent to the Ramberg-Osgood plasticity model. The Segalman-Starr relationship is used to find relationships among several other plasticity models.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
X-linked hypophosphatemia: Normal renal function despite medullary nephrocalcinosis 25 years after transient vitamin D2-induced renal azotemia☆

Nephrocalcinosis (NC) detected by ultrasound is a recognized abnormality for some patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) who received vitamin D2 and inorganic phosphate therapy, but is commonly observed in XLH patients treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and inorganic phosphate supplementation. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up of kidney function in XLH patients with NC detected ultrasonographically has not been reported. We investigated two women with XLH, ages 31 (patient 1) and 39 (patient 2) years, each of whom had suffered at least one documented episode of vitamin D2-induced hypercalcemia and renal azotemia during childhood. Patient 2 had also been treated with inorganic phosphate. No medications for XLH had been taken during adulthood. Renal ultrasonography at our institution demonstrated marked bilateral medullary NC in both women. No other explanation was found for their NC that apparently occurred several decades earlier from medical therapy for XLH. Detailed studies (including creatinine clearance, beta2-microglobulin excretion, and fasting urinary osmolality and acidification) revealed no impairment of kidney function in either patient. Our findings indicate that subradiographic medullary NC acquired during medical therapy for XLH may persist for decades, but with no adverse renal sequelae. Definitive (long-term) assessment of kidney function in the XLH population with NC, however, will be necessary to fully understand the risk of current medical treatment for this most common heritable form of rickets.
Depression of Secondary Immunity by High Environmental Temperature

Abstract Young chickens, heated at temperatures of 41.7°–43.3°C. for 30 minute periods on the hour for four consecutive hours on the day following a secondary challenge with sheep red blood cells, produced lowered circulating agglutinins one day after heating but no effect was observed on the developing precipitin response to bovine serum albumin. When birds were similarly heated 24 hours after both> the primary and secondary challenges with the aforementioned antigens, developing primary antibody levels were depressed at least two days after treatment in the sheep red blood cell-challenged birds and at five days post-heating in the bovine serum albumin-challenged birds. Depression of developing secondary antibody levels occurred only at the one-day post-heat bleeding in the sheep red blood cell-challenged birds. Immunodepression of secondary precipitin responses was not observed.
Heritability of hippocampal size in elderly twin men: Equivalent influence from genes and environment

Recent studies have established that environmental factors can modify hippocampal structure and enhance function in adult rodents, but the extent to which genes and the environment exert differential contributions to hippocampal structural integrity in humans is unknown. Here, we applied the twin model in a large sample of elderly twin men to examine in late life the balance of environmental and genetic effects on the size of the hippocampus in comparison with other brain structures. This study provides novel evidence that the volume of the hippocampus, as measured on MRI, is subject to substantially less genetic control than are comparison brain regions also measured: temporal horn volume, midsagittal area of the corpus callosum, and intracranial volume (ICV). In particular, about 60% of the temporal horn variance and 80% of the callosal and ICV variance was attributable to genetic influences, whereas only 40% of the hippocampal variance was attributable to genetic influences. These results suggest that environment, whether by itself or in interaction with genes, has the potential of exerting greater and possibly longer control in modifying hippocampal size than other brain regions that are under greater genetic control. Considering the potential of environmental modification of this structure suggested by lower heritability, the hippocampus appears well-suited to support the dynamic processes of encoding and consolidation of new, declarataive memories.
Anisotropic flat sheet membrane formation via TIPS: atmospheric convection and polymer molecular weight effects

Abstract The use of liquid–liquid thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) to produce anisotropic cellular flat sheet membranes was investigated for the model system isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and diphenyl ether (DPE). Anisotropic structures were obtained experimentally by evaporating diluent from one surface of a polymer diluent solution prior to phase separation. The effects of convective air flow above the exposed surface were studied. The effects on membrane cell size and extent of anisotropy were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the effects on the iPP concentration profile within the nascent membrane at the time of phase separation were predicted using a model developed in this work. The extent of anisotropy in the membrane and the predicted concentration profile were compared as one measure of the validity of the model. The theoretical and experimental weight loss during evaporation were also compared as a further measure of the validity of the model. The effects of polymer molecular weight on membrane cell size and cell size profile as well as weight loss were also studied.
INTERACTION BETWEEN YERSINIA PESTIS YOPM PROTEIN AND HUMAN α-THROMBIN

Abstract YopM, a 41.5 kDa virulence protein of Yersinia pestis is believed to have an anti-inflammatory role in bubonic plague. It has been shown previously that YopM binds human α-thrombin but not prothrombin and inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. In the present studies we carried out crosslinking reactions between purified YopM and α-thrombin or its blocked form FPR-α-thrombin in the presence of various competitors to identify where on thrombin YopM binds. We found that thrombin cleaves YopM at the C-terminus, indicating that this part of YopM must interact with thrombin's catalytic site. Hirudin, a 65 amino acid natural thrombin inhibitor, prevents both the YopM degradation and the formation of a ca. 75 kDa crosslinking complex between YopM and α-thrombin. A similar effect is observed when hirugen, a short peptide corresponding to hirudin's C-terminus (amino acids 58–64), is used as a synthetic thrombin inhibitor. A 15 bp long specific oligonucleotide known to block α-thrombin successfully competes with YopM for the thrombin-binding site, whereas a control, scrambled sequence aptamer does not. As these competitors block a fibrinogen binding site (also called anion binding exosite I), our crosslinking data indicate that YopM binds not only to the active site of α-thrombin but also to the abeI.
Measurements Directed Toward Determining The Operational Mechanism In High T c Superconductors

A review is given of the general types of experiments that can be performed to distinguish between broad classes of theories of superconductivity. It is concluded that this distinction will be very difficult for all theories that are similar to Bardeen, Cooper and Schriefer (BCS) but with a different interaction causing the pairing. Theories that start from a correlated normal state should give significantly different results from experiments.
Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy; Part 1. An Update of the Literature on Benefits and Risks*

Abstract As life expectancy increases and members of the postwar generation settle into their fifth decade of life, hormone replacement therapy—estrogen or an estrogen-progestin combination—has become a major research interest. An extensive, but often confusing and even contradictory, literature exists on the uses of hormone replacement for the treatment and prevention of a multitude of difficulties that may be associated with the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. These include hot flushes, vaginal changes, urinary tract changes, changes in sexuality, affective or emotional symptoms, changes in the oral mucosa and skin, loss of memory and Alzheimer's disease, bone loss and osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the literature in each of these areas. It also reviews studies relating to possible side effects of hormone therapy, including endometrial cancer, gall bladder disease, and breast cancer. The article outlines principles for practitioners to follow in assisting women to make informed and individualized decisions about this therapy. Part II of this article, which will will cover specific therapeutic regimens and their management, as well as alternative therapies and preventive measures.
Correspondence as a Window on the Development of a Discipline: Brongniart, Cleaveland, Silliman and the Maturation of Mineralogy in the First Decades of the Nineteenth Century

The development of any scientific discipline owes much to communication and networking among peers. Mineralogy's maturation in the early nineteenth century profited not only from the publication of two key textbooks, one French and one American, but also from the subsequent correspondence of the two authors and their coteries. Alexandre Brongniart (1770-1847) produced his Traite elementaire de mineralogie in 1807. Parker Cleaveland (1780-1858), of Bowdoin College, Maine, adopted the chemistry-based classification system of Brongniart, presenting An Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology in 1816 for an American audience. The two authors became correspondents, not only sharing ideas but also exchanging specimens. Cleaveland's friend, Benjamin Silliman, Sr. (1779-1864), of Yale College, entered the circle, corresponding with Brongniart, Cleaveland, and his own extended web of contacts. By considering the lives, contributions, and correspondence of the three men and their like-minded friends, we come t...
Ventricular Conduction and Refractoriness During Hypothermia

The effect of hypothermia on ventricular conduction was determined with a multi-terminal electrode sutured to the epicardial surface. Measurements of conduction intervals revealed average increases of 95% at 22°C in 13 dogs and 148% at 20°C in seven dogs that survived to this temperature. The mean conduction velocity estimated at 0.55 m/sec at 37°C diminished to 0.29 m/sec and 0.19 m/sec respectively at 22° and 20°C. An apparent overall exponential relationship between conduction velocity and temperature was observed, although below 30°C the rate of conduction decreased almost linearly with a Q10, of 1.6 to 1.8. Individual measurements along both rows of intersecting electrode terminals revealed slightly different rates of conduction. However, within the entire group the direction of relatively faster conduction was inconsistent and, furthermore, the changes of conduction velocity with hypothermia were practically identical for the two recording alignments in all instances. During cooling to 22°C the abso...
Pulmonary tuberculosis in pregnancy.

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) was once a formidable public health hazard but is now less feared because of the development of an armamentarium of effective drugs. The incidence of TB had been declining for decades until recently when the number of cases of TB began to rise. The most obvious reasons for this trend were the rising rate of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the development of multiple drug–resistant TB. The largest percentage increase in TB cases occurred among persons 25 to 44 years of age; many of them are women. A number of these women will first be diagnosed with TB infection during pregnancy. It is important for the clinician to be aware of the impact of TB on this population. Patients must be screened as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention because it is important to quickly diagnose TB. Prompt and effective therapy will benefit the mother and the neonate. This article reviews the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment regimens of TB in pregnancy, as well as the effects on the HIV patient, the neonate, and breastfeeding. Prompt recognition and treatment of TB infection will ensure that the rates of TB cases decline.
Remarks concerning φ production in the thermodynamics picture

Abstract We examine the options that central production of φ(1.019) in hadron-hadron collisions is dominated (i) completely by Hagedorn-Frautschi thermodynamics and (ii) by thermodynamics modified by a mild form of Zweig suppression at sufficiently high energy. Predictions on σ( AB → φ + anything ), σ( AB → φ K + K − + anything ), ( φ π ), ( φ ϱ 0 ), ( φ ω 0 ) ratios at P ⊥ ≈ 1 GeV c , are made where A = π, p , p and B = p . These can be readily checked for E lab ≳ 300 GeV at Fermilab and ISR.
Group A Streptococcal Bacteremia in a Community Teaching Hospital— 1980–1989

This report reviews 45 episodes of group A streptococcal bacteremia during 1980-1989 in a large hospital; 24 episodes occurred in the first 5 years of study (1980-1984) and 21 in the last 5 years (1985-1989). Four episodes were nosocomial. The remaining 41 episodes were community acquired; of these episodes, 12 occurred in patients who were transferred from nursing homes. There was a definite seasonal predominance (84%) during November-June. All but three patients had chronic underlying conditions. The major portals of entry were the skin and lungs, and the main types of infection were primary septicemia, cellulitis and soft-tissue infection, pneumonia, and infective endocarditis. The overall mortality rate was 24%; 20% of the deaths were due to infection. Factors that adversely influenced mortality were septic shock (P less than .02), less than 10,000/mm3 leukocytes (P less than .05); less than 80% segmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes and band forms (P less than .02), and hyperbilirubinemia (P less than .01). Neither prevalence nor severity of group A streptococcal bacteremia increased during the last 5 years of study.
collision strengths for innershell excitation of Li-like ions from the 1s23l levels to the 1s2l′3l″ levels

Abstract Results are given for collision strengths, collision rates, transition energies, and electric-dipole line strengths for innershell excitation from the 1 s 2 3 l levels to all levels of the 1 s 2 l ′3 l ″ configurations in Li-like ions with nuclear charge number Z in the range 6 ⩽ Z ⩽ 74. The results include the effects of configuration mixing, parentage mixing, and intermediate coupling. A Coulomb-Bornexchange method is used in calculating the collision strengths. The results for collision strengths and line strengths are expressed conveniently in terms of the Z -scaled hydrogenic ion collision strengths and line strength, respectively, together with coefficients that are functions of the target ion mixing coefficients.
Universal Adolescent Depression Prevention Programs : A Review

Although the subject of adolescent depression has gained significant attention, little is being done in the way of primary prevention. The purpose of this article is to conduct a review of the literature through the lens of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework. This review was conducted utilizing several online databases, as well as web and hand searches. Eleven studies were identified through a process of elimination and critically appraised by a two-tiered method. Results indicated cognitive–behavioral universal prevention interventions can be effective on decreasing depressive symptomalogy in adolescents. All reviewed studies were conducted in the school environment by professionals and/or school staff; however, only three of the programs implemented demonstrated adoption and sustainability. School nurses can be instrumental in bridging the gap between the planning and developing of prevention programs and translation into the real-world school environment.
Thirteen-day periodicity and the center-to-limb dependence of UV, EUV, and X-ray emission of solar activity

Periodicity in the 13–14 day range for full-disk UV fluxes comes mainly from episodes of solar activity with two peaks per rotation, produced by the solar rotational modulation from two groups of active regions roughly 180° apart in solar longitude. Thirteen-day periodicity is quite strong relative to the 27-day periodicity for the solar UV flux at most wavelengths in the 1750–2900 A range, because the rapid decrease in UV plage emission on average with increasing solar central angle shapes the UV variations for two peaks per rotation into nearly a 13-day sinusoid, with deep minima when the main groups of active regions are near the limb. Chromospheric EUV lines and ground-based chromospheric indices have moderate 13-day periodicity, where the slightly greater emission of regions near the limbs causes a lower strength relative to the 27-day variations than in the above UV case. The lack of 13-day periodicity in the solar 10.7 cm flux is caused by its broad central angle dependence that averages out the 13-day variations and produces nearly sinusoidal 27-day variations. Optically thin full-disk soft X-rays can have 13-day periodicity out of phase with that of the UV flux because the X-ray emission peaks when both groups of active regions are within view, one group at each limb, when the optically thick UV flux is at a rotational minimum. The lack of 13-day periodicity in the strong coronal lines of Fexv at 284 A and Fexvi at 335 A during episodes of 13-day periodicity in UV and soft X-ray fluxes shows that the active region emission in these strong lines is not optically thin; resonant scattering is suggested to cause an effective optical depth near unity in these hot coronal lines for active regions near the limb.
Lessons for Religious Studies in Waco

Like Jonestown over a decade ago, the events at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco should unsettle the intellectual consciences of students of religion. Are there lessons to be learned about religion and the study of religion from both the events at Waco and the way religious studies academics have publicly responded to them? At the risk of seeming insensitive, let me begin with what I hesitate calling the "good news" for the study of religion in these otherwise sad and deathly events. As if the examples of Shi'a Iran, Hindu-Muslim strife in India, Catholic-Orthodox-Muslim war in Yugoslavia were not enough, after Waco, who can now doubt that we need to know more about religion? And by "know" I do not of course mean increased personal piety and a more profound faith, as essential as these are for the vitality of religious communities themselves. I mean "knowledge" in the sense that passes under its various guises in the university. Sometimes quantitative, sometimes interpretive, sometimes philosophicalbut always public and open to critical scrutiny-this knowledge that the modem study of religion has sought to bring to the university is surely needed now more than ever. In this light, it is clear that over the past decade religious studies has
She Swings, She Hits, She’s Great, She’s Benched: Implications of Gender-Based Shifting Standards for Judgment and Behavior

The implications of the shifting standards model for understanding behavior toward stereotyped groups were examined in two studies on gender and athleticism. Participants played the role of co-ed softball team managers, who made team selections, position assignments, and judgments about a series of male and female players. The data supported three hypotheses: (a) Stereotypes of male superiority as athletes lead to the use of shifting standards to judge athletic performance; (b) zero-sum behaviors (allocation of limited resources) show evidence of pro-male bias, whereas non-zero-sum behaviors (verbal and nonverbal reactions) show evidence of pro-female bias; and (c) objective judgments are somewhat better predictors of zero-sum behaviors, whereas subjective judgments are better predictors of non-zerosum behaviors.
Personal communication technologies as an extension of the self: A cross-cultural comparison of people's associations with technology and their symbolic proximity with others

Increasingly, individuals use communication technologies such as e-mail, IMs, blogs, and cell phones to locate, learn about, and communicate with one another. Not much, however, is known about how individuals relate to various personal technologies, their preferences for each, or their extensional associations with them. Even less is known about the cultural differences in these preferences. The current study used the Galileo system of multidimensional scaling to systematically map the extensional associations with nine personal communication technologies across three cultures: U.S., Germany, and Singapore. Across the three cultures, the technologies closest to the self were similar, suggesting a universality of associations with certain technologies. In contrast, the technologies farther from the self were significantly different across cultures. Moreover, the magnitude of associations with each technology differed based on the extensional association or distance from the self. Also, and more importantly, the antecedents to these associations differed significantly across cultures, suggesting a stronger influence of cultural norms on personal-technology choice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra High Speed operation of BLDC motor with enhanced motor dynamics for space limited applications

This paper proposes new method of operating BLDC motor which extends operating speed beyond the limit set by conventional 120° conduction mode of operation, without field weakening and having same inverter dc bus voltage. Concepts of Phase Extension mode and Ultra High Speed mode are introduced. Also in the paper it is shown that the proposed ‘phase extension’ mode of operation can produce additional average torque, above the conventionally available torque. Thus increasing torque-to-weight ratio of BLDC motor drive system makes it desirable for space constrained applications like Aerospace. Proposed modes of operation will enhance the motor dynamics in the wide speed range. Analysis, simulation results and pictorial descriptions are presented.
Counselling psychologists as scientist-practitioners: Finding unity in diversity

This paper introduces the Special Issue on counselling psychologists as scientist-practitioners. The primary goal of the Special Issue is to examine the evolving nature and current status of the scientist-practitioner (S-P) model in counselling psychology from the perspectives of four early career counselling psychologists who illustrate the implementation of the S-P identity in their particular work settings. A concluding commentary by a senior counselling psychologist describes the evolution of the model throughout his career and highlights the role of context in defining scientist-practitioners.
A Historian’sEngagement

This memoir offers a microhistorical analysis of the American anti–Vietnam War movement. The author's aims in bringing this memoir of his five years as a draft counselor to the public a quarter-century after the Vietnam War's end are three. First, the scholarly goal is historical recuperation of a key ingredient of the antiwar movement that has been studied from a national, but rarely a local, perspective. Secondly, the author hopes that before his generation passes, while there are still surviving activists, his text will inspire other draft counselors to come forward and publish similar accounts, which should offer interesting regional comparisons and provide the basis for a broader national study. Finally, the author, trained as an intellectual historian, hypothesizes that his memoir may provide some empirical support for Julien Benda's claim that “history is made of shreds of justice that the intellectual has torn from the politician.”
Anxiety sensitivity and panic disorder.

Anxiety sensitivity refers to fears of anxiety-related sensations. Most often measured by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), anxiety sensitivity is a dispositional variable especially elevated in people with panic disorder. Regardless of diagnosis, ASI scores often predict panic symptoms in response to biological challenges (e.g., carbon dioxide inhalation) that provoke feared bodily sensations. Prospective longitudinal studies indicate that scores on the ASI predict subsequent spontaneous attacks, indicating that elevated anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor for panic and perhaps panic disorder. Cognitive behavioral treatment reduces anxiety sensitivity in panic patients, perhaps protecting against relapse. Imipramine likewise decreases anxiety sensitivity.
Learning How to Focus on Language While Teaching Mathematics to English Language Learners: A Case Study of Courtney.

Research in mathematics education increasingly recognizes the role of language in the education of English language learners. However, research examining the professional growth of mathematics teachers as they learn to teach English language learners is sparse. This case study addresses this issue by examining one third grade teacher as she learned how to focus on language as she designed and taught mathematics lessons to facilitate the participation of English language learners. Data sources consist of audio recordings of interviews, lesson planning sessions, and lesson debrief sessions as well as video recordings of mathematics lessons. The results from this study demonstrate the importance of professional development that emphasizes language in the teaching of mathematics. As the teacher began to learn about the components of the intervention, she developed specialized knowledge and competencies so that she was able to address language planning and development that was necessary to successfully teach mathematics to English language learners.
Effects of cocaine and footshock stress on extracellular dopamine levels in the ventral striatum.

Abstract Behavioral and neurochemical cross-sensitization between cocaine and stress was examined. The effects of stress and cocaine on extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), were measured by in vivo microdialysis in the rostral ventral striatum, including the nucleus accumbens. Pretreatment with a daily 20 min footshock stress (0.45 mA/200 ms/s) for 5 days enhanced the cocaine-induced increase in extracellular dopamine levels in shock compared to sham shock-pretreated rats. The motor stimulant response to acute cocaine was also augmented in shock-pretreated rats. There was a slight but significant decrease in the levels of DOPAC and HVA in both groups following cocaine but no differences between shock and sham shock animals. In contrast, in the converse experiment, pretreatment with daily cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days did not significantly alter the stress-induced levels of extracellular dopamine compared to controls. The levels of DOPAC and HVA were not different between cocaine- and saline-pretreated groups although there was a trend towards enhanced metabolite levels in cocaine-pretreated animals. These data in part support a role for enhanced dopamine neurotransmission in mediating behavioral cross-sensitization between psychostimulants and stress.
S. Bernard Thomas,Season of High Adventure: Edgar Snow in China. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1996. 416 pp. Cloth, $34.95

(1997). S. Bernard Thomas, Season of High Adventure: Edgar Snow in China. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1996. 416 pp. Cloth, $34.95. American Journalism: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 124-125.
Repeated‐measures models in the analysis of QT interval

Because of the recent regulatory emphasis on issues related to drug-induced cardiac repolarization that can potentially lead to sudden death, QT interval analysis has received much attention in the clinical trial literature. The analysis of QT data is complicated by the fact that the QT interval is correlated with heart rate and other prognostic factors. Several attempts have been made in the literature to derive an optimal method for correcting the QT interval for heart rate; however the QT correction formulae obtained are not universal because of substantial variability observed across different patient populations. It is demonstrated in this paper that the widely used fixed QT correction formulae do not provide an adequate fit to QT and RR data and bias estimates of treatment effect. It is also shown that QT correction formulae derived from baseline data in clinical trials are likely to lead to Type I error rate inflation. This paper develops a QT interval analysis framework based on repeated-measures models accomodating the correlation between QT interval and heart rate and the correlation among QT measurements collected over time. The proposed method of QT analysis controls the Type I error rate and is at least as powerful as traditional QT correction methods with respect to detecting drug-related QT interval prolongation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiocardiographic Evaluation of Valvular Insufficiency

Incompetence of any of the cardiac valves can be easily evaluated by selective angiocardiography. Factitious insufficiency may result from faulty catheter placement or from ventricular extrasystoles caused by the pressure injection of the contrast agent. False negative results are almost nonexistent, and if no insufficiency is seen on a technically adequate angiocardiogram, the valve can be considered to be competent.
Academic performance in children with new-onset seizures and asthma: a prospective study.

The study purpose was to compare teacher ratings of academic performance (TRP) over 24 months between children with new-onset seizures (N = 121) and new-onset asthma (N = 54) ages 4 to 14 years. At each data collection point (baseline, 12 months, 24 months), children with seizures were placed into two groups according to their recurrent seizure status (yes/no) during that period. Longitudinal linear mixed models were used to explore differences between the asthma group and the two seizure groups and to identify if differences in TRP in children with seizures were associated with age, gender, or use of medication. In the seizure sample, scores for children in both groups (with and without recurrent seizures) initially declined at 12 months; however, at 24 months, children who did not have recurrent seizures improved while children who continued to have recurrent seizures declined. There was a trend for younger children to decline more than older children.
The pre-cephalic development of the skeleton of Amphimelissa setosa (Actinopoda: Nassellarida)

Abstract The ontogeny of the skeleton of the nassellarian radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa begins with the formation of three radial bars of silica; these correspond to the medial bar and spines L1 and L2 in the adult. By a precise sequence of the addition of various siliceous arcs and spines, this basic structure develops into the eucephalus. A new growth mechanism, in which existing skeletal elements serve as templates for the formation of new skeletal members, is hypothesized to explain the observed developmental patterns. The early ontogeny of nassellarian skeletons can be used to determine which skeletal features develop earliest. Among the structural characteristics used by radiolarian systematists, these conservative features are most suitable for use in interpretation of the taxonomic relationships and phylogeny of the group.
Three approaches to determining the dimensionality of binary items

A monte carlo investigation of three approaches to assessing the dimensionality of binary items used a population model that allowed sampling of items and examinees and provided for variation and con trol of important parameters. The model was realistic of performance of binary items in current tests of cognitive abilities. Three indices were inves tigated : one based on the property of local indepen dence of unidimensional tests (the independence index), one based on patterns of second factor loadings derived from simplex theory (the pattern index), and one that reflects the shape of the curve of successive eigenvalues (the ratio of differences index). The last index was used for matrices of phi coefficients, tetrachoric correlations, and variances covariances. The local independence index reported here was the most accurate dimensionality index. The pattern index was accurate under many combi nations of parameters, but decreased substantially at the highest level of factor correlations and the widest di...
Pediatric Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Neurologic Syndromes

• Central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction was documented in 61 of 68 infants and children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. The most frequent manifestations included acquired microcephaly, cognitive deficits, and bilateral pyramidal tract signs. Lymphoma of the CNS, cerebrovascular accidents, and CNS infection caused by conventional pathogens were documented in only ten children (15%). Neurologic deterioration in 11 children was subacute but steadily progressive; in 31 the course was more indolent and began with a plateau. Of these 31 children, 13 had further neurologic deterioration and the conditions of three improved. Seventeen children had a static course with cognitive deficits (seven children) or cognitive plus neurologic impairment (ten children). Neuroradiologic studies in the children with a subacute progressive or plateau course disclosed cerebral atrophy, white matter abnormalities, and calcification of the basal ganglia. Postmortem findings included variable degrees of inflammatory response, multinucleated cells, calcific vasculopathy, and pyramidal tract degeneration. Computed tomographic studies of the children with a static course were normal or showed mild atrophy, but poor brain growth was documented by serial head circumference measurements. ( AJDC 1988:142:29-35)
Murine Intestinal Crypt Survival after Combined Taxol plus Radiation Exposure

Abstract Taxol is active against a number of cancers, some of which are also radiosensitive. The role of combined Taxol and radiotherapy has not been established. A theoretical benefit exists, however, due to the G 2 /M phase specificity of Taxol, and radiation-sensitizing effects have been observed in vitro. This study focused on the combined Taxol/radiation effect on murine intestinal epithelium. HA/ICR random-bred male mice were used to examine the temporal effect of injecting Taxol (40 mg/kg) before and after irradiation (12.5 Gy). The microcolony assay was used to determine the effect of single and combined modalities. Control groups consisted of no treatment, drug solvent only (Cremophor/ethanol/saline), radiation only, and Taxol only. A complete radiation dose–response study of treatment with and without Taxol was performed 12 hr after injection. Preirradiation Taxol appears not to enhance intestinal cell killing, and may even offer some protection when injected at 4 hr prior to irradiation. Postirradiation Taxol was found to enhance radiation response most dramatically at times greater than 12 hr. Dose–response data appeared to confirm the increased radiation effect of combined treatment. In conclusion, Taxol administered prior to irradiation results in either no sensitization or possible protection of the normal tissue response. Postirradiation Taxol appears to sensitize intestinal crypts when injected at least 12 hr after gamma irradiation. These data suggest that care should be exercised when using Taxol after irradiation.
CdTe Thin Films from Nanoparticle Precursors by Spray Deposition

The formation of CdTe thin films by spray deposition using nanoparticle colloids has been investigated. Employing a metathesis approach, cadmium iodide is reacted with sodium telluride in methanol solvent, resulting in the formation of soluble NaI and insoluble CdTe nanoparticles. After appropriate chemical workup, methanol-capped CdTe colloids were isolated. CdTe colloids prepared by this method exhibit a dependence of the nanoparticle diameter upon reaction temperature as determined by UV−visible spectroscopy (UV−vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CdTe thin-film formation was performed by spray depositing the 25−75 A diameter nanoparticle colloids according to a one- or two-step method. Films derived from a one-step approach were sprayed onto substrates at elevated temperatures (Tdep = 280−440 °C) with no further thermal treatment. Two-step films were sprayed at lower temperatures (Tdep = 25−125 °C) and were subjected to subsequent thermal treatments (Tanneal = 25...
“Who’s to Blame?” Constructing the Responsible Sexual Agent in Neoliberal Sex Education

Based on ethnographic observations in two high schools, this paper analyzes how sex educators deploy the neoliberal discourse of personal responsibility in their comprehensive and abstinence-only lessons. I focus not just on the explicit and intended messages of personal responsibility but also the hidden and evaded lessons that are imparted in the classroom. The findings demonstrate that sex educators rely on and reproduce gender, race, class, and sexual inequalities in their lessons in personal responsibility that put forth a version of the good sexual citizen as self-sufficient, self-regulating, and consequence-bearing, what I call the responsible sexual agent. Yet, in their hidden and evaded lessons, sex educators also underscore the extent to which people’s lives are intertwined with and reliant on others, suggesting the discourse of personal responsibility is inadequate for capturing the complexities and realities of people’s intimate lives. The findings point to the importance of examining the translation and negotiation of neoliberal sex education policy at the classroom level.