cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a high incidence of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa of patients at inner-city hospitals in New York.

Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process progressing from chronic gastritis, through glandular atrophy (GA), intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia. Infection of the stomach with H. pylori increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. Few studies have examined the degree to which Hp-induced changes occur in specific populations. In the present study, we examined the association between Hp infection and histological changes in the gastric mucosa of patients at two inner-city hospitals in New York. Patients enrolled in this study were undergoing endoscopy for gastrointestinal complaints. One antral biopsy was taken for detecting and genotyping Hp by PCR. Additional biopsies were taken from the antrum and fundic region for histological analysis and were scored with respect to acute and chronic inflammation, GA, IM and Hp infestation according to the Sydney classification. Hp strains infecting these patients were genotyped with respect to the expression of Hp virulence factors including VacA, CagA, and BabA2. Samples were collected from 126 patients at Kings County Hospital in Brooklyn and St. John’s Episcopal Hospital in Queens. Hp infection rates were highest in Blacks (41.6%) and Hispanics (29.4%) and lowest in Caucasians (18.8%). Scores for acute and chronic inflammation and IM were higher in Hp-infected individuals in both the antrum and fundic regions, whereas Hp infection did not affect the incidence or intensity of GA. In Hp-infected individuals, the incidence of IM was greater in the antrum (Hp-infected 37.8% vs. non-infected 9.2%, p < 0.05) and fundic region (Hp-infected 15.1% vs. non-infected 1.8%, p < 0.05). Genotyping of the Hp strains infecting these patients revealed that the predominant VacA allele was s1bm1 and that the CagA gene was present in 69.8% of Hp-infected samples. Interestingly, the BabA2 gene was detected in only four samples (9.3%). The incidence of IM in the antrum was higher in CagA+ samples when compared with CagA- samples (52.2% vs. 15.4%, respectively). Our findings indicate that the virulent Hp strain infecting minority patients treated at inner-city hospitals in New York City is associated with a high incidence of IM and that these patients may be at greater risk for developing gastric cancer than the general population.
Validation of commercial processes for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of whole-muscle turkey jerky

Three strips of turkey breast meat were separately inoculated with multistrain mixtures of Es- cherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or Listeria monocytogenes and placed on the top, middle, and bottom levels of a loading rack. The strips on the rack were then loaded into a smokehouse and cooked- dried for either 2.5 or 3.5 h at 73.8°C (165°F) or 1.5 or 2.5 h at 82.2°C (180°F) with constant hickory smok- ing and without addition of humidity. Cooking-drying marinated turkey jerky at 73.8°C (165°F) or 82.2°C (180°F) resulted in a ≥7.1 log 10 cfu/strip reduction of all 3 pathogens. For nonmarinated jerky strips that were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 or L. monocyto- genes and cooked-dried at 82.2°C (180°F), a reduction of ≥7.4 log10 cfu/strip was observed, whereas for strips that were inoculated with Salmonella, a reduction of ≥6.8 log10 cfu/strip was observed. Cooking-drying non- marinated turkey breast strips at 73.8°C (165°F) for 3.5 h resulted in a reduction of ca. 7.1 to 7.6 log 10 cfu/strip for all 3 pathogens, whereas for strips that were cooked- dried for 2.5 h, a reduction of ca. 5.4 to 6.2 log 10 cfu/ strip was observed. Only marinated turkey jerky that was cooked-dried for 3.5 h at 73.8°C (165°F) satisfied the USDA-FSIS standard of identity (moisture:protein ≤0.75:1.0) or shelf-stability (water activity of ≤0.80), or both, requirements for jerky.
Comparison of reactive and non-reactive measures of smoking cessation at follow-up

Subjects who had completed a smoking cessation program were contacted at 3- and 4-month follow-up to assess self-reported frequency of daily cigarette smoking. Subjects were randomly assigned to a reactive or non-reactive condition of telephone contact in obtaining the self-report. In the reactive condition, the telephone caller seeking self-report identified herself as an assistant in the original smoking cessation treatment program. In the non-reactive condition the telephone caller identified herself as an employee of a firm conducting a market research survey of the use of various consumer products. There were no statistically significant differences between the conditions in either self-report of abstinence or absolute frequency of daily cigarette consumption.
Amylose–Potassium Oleate Inclusion Complex in Plain Set-Style Yogurt

Health and wellness aspirations of U.S. consumers continue to drive the demand for lower fat from inherently beneficial foods such as yogurt. Removing fat from yogurt negatively affects the gel strength, texture, syneresis, and storage of yogurt. Amylose-potassium oleate inclusion complexes (AIC) were used to replace skim milk solids to improve the quality of nonfat yogurt. The effect of AIC on fermentation of yogurt mix and strength of yogurt gel was studied and compared to full-fat samples. Texture, storage modulus, and syneresis of yogurt were observed over 4 weeks of storage at 4 °C. Yogurt mixes having the skim milk solids partially replaced by AIC fermented at a similar rate as yogurt samples with no milk solids replaced and full-fat milk. Initial viscosity was higher for yogurt mixes with AIC. The presence of 3% AIC strengthened the yogurt gel as indicated by texture and rheology measurements. Yogurt samples with 3% AIC maintained the gel strength during storage and resulted in low syneresis after storage for 4 wk.
Psychodynamics in the E.R.

Vicki was shouting in the waiting room of the Emergency Services suite. When she finally got a doctor’s attention, she stopped shouting but began talking non-stop about “I gotta get her outta there!” She demanded vociferously that the hospital write letters to various health care agencies and the probate court. The psychiatric resident soon appeared and, interjecting a word or two here and there, got Vicki to slow down and explain what was going on. During this and several follow-up interviews, a fuller picture emerged. Vicki’s mother had dementia and was in a nursing home after hospitalization for a minor stroke. Years ago, the mother had signed a living will saying that she was never to go to a nursing home. Noting Vicki’s intrusive and demanding behavior in the hospital and then in the nursing home, the authorities had been reluctant to let the mother go home with Vicki; although Vicki was a registered nurse, she had a suspended license due to a psychotic break several years earlier. For the past several years, Vicki had established and implemented a detailed nursing program, including scheduling home care agency services, for her mother’s care at home. Vicki had made quite a stir with her mother’s caretakers in the hospital with her repetitive phone calls and strident demands on the medical wards. They had been moved to establish a temporary guardianship to prevent Vicki from taking her mother home against medical advice. The pace, intensity, and scattered quality of her speech had made them wonder if she was psychotic—and indeed she was. Her previous episodes had led to the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, and she was now in a manic episode.
De Novo Transcriptome Assembly from Fat Body and Flight Muscles Transcripts to Identify Morph-Specific Gene Expression Profiles in Gryllus firmus

Wing polymorphism is a powerful model for examining many aspects of adaptation. The wing dimorphic cricket species, Gryllus firmus, consists of a long-winged morph with functional flight muscles that is capable of flight, and two flightless morphs. One (obligately) flightless morph emerges as an adult with vestigial wings and vestigial flight muscles. The other (plastic) flightless morph emerges with fully-developed wings but later in adulthood histolyzes its flight muscles. Importantly both flightless morphs have substantially increased reproductive output relative to the flight-capable morph. Much is known about the physiological and biochemical differences between the morphs with respect to adaptations for flight versus reproduction. In contrast, little is known about the molecular genetic basis of these morph-specific adaptations. To address this issue, we assembled a de novo transcriptome of G. firmus using 141.5 million Illumina reads generated from flight muscles and fat body, two organs that play key roles in flight and reproduction. We used the resulting 34,411 transcripts as a reference transcriptome for differential gene expression analyses. A comparison of gene expression profiles from functional flight muscles in the flight-capable morph versus histolyzed flight muscles in the plastic flight incapable morph identified a suite of genes involved in respiration that were highly expressed in pink (functional) flight muscles and genes involved in proteolysis highly expressed in the white (histolyzed) flight muscles. A comparison of fat body transcripts from the obligately flightless versus the flight-capable morphs revealed differential expression of genes involved in triglyceride biosynthesis, lipid transport, immune function and reproduction. These data provide a valuable resource for future molecular genetics research in this and related species and provide insight on the role of gene expression in morph-specific adaptations for flight versus reproduction.
Clinical Utility of the Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA-100) for the Assessment of the Platelet Status in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (EPCOT trial)

Abstract Background: Data from small studies have shown the presence of platelet abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). We sought to characterize the diagnostic utility of platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) in the CHF population. Methods: Blood samples were obtained for measurement of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/collagen and epinephrine/collagen shear-induced closure time (CT), whole blood aggregation, platelet contractile force, activity of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, and P-selectin receptors in 100 consecutive outpatients with CHF. Results: Substantial interindividual variability of platelet characteristics exists in patients with CHF. There were no statistically significant differences when patients were divided by the incidence of vascular events, emergency revascularization needs, survival, or etiology of heart failure. Aspirin use did not affect instrument readings as well. CT correlates well with whole blood aggregometry (r2=.587) and less with GP IIb/IIIa activity (r2=.326). No correlation has been observed for the CT with the platelet-bound P-selectin (r2=.041) and platelet contractile force measures (r2=.028). Conclusions: PFA-100 is indeed capable to serve as a platelet analyzer and may be successfully used as a screening device. However, patients with heart failure enrolled in the EPCOT trial exhibited a marginal, sometimes oppositely directed changes in the platelet function, challenging the diagnostic utility of PFA-100 to serve as a useful tool for the identification of platelet abnormalities, predicting clinical outcomes, or for the monitoring of antiplatelet strategies in this population.
The Limits of Liberalism: Wrong to Others

In his preface to this first of a projected four volumes on the moral limits of the criminal law, Joel Feinberg reports that his project began as one philosophical chapter promised for a book about victimless crimes. We can be grateful that his reflections on the impossibility of fulfilling that promise led him to undertake these volumes rather than forget the whole thing. Even so, the genesis of the work has influenced its shape: this is primarily a study of whether criminal law should extend beyond its core of the "harm to others" principle, not an exploration of how the criminal law should deal with philosophical issues arising within that core. Feinberg's earlier Doing and Deserving (1970) remains an important contribution to those questions-for example, see his chapter "On Being 'Morally Speaking a Murderer.'"
A Sample-based Convex Cover for Rapidly Finding an Object in a 3-D Environment

In this paper we address the problem of generating a motion strategy to find an object in a known 3-D environment as quickly as possible on average. We use a sampling scheme that generates an initial set of sensing locations for the robot and then we propose a convex cover algorithm based on this sampling. Our algorithm tries to reduce the cardinality of the resulting set and has the main advantage of scaling well with the dimensionality of the environment. We then use the resulting convex covering to generate a graph that captures the connectivity of the workspace. Finally, we search this graph to generate trajectories that try to minimize the expected value of the time to find the object.
In vivo newly translated polypeptides are sequestered in a protected folding environment

Molecular chaperones play a fundamental role in cellular protein folding. Using intact mammalian cells we examined the contribution of cytosolic chaperones to de novo folding. A large fraction of newly translated polypeptides associate transiently with Hsc70 and the chaperonin TRiC/CCT during their biogenesis. The substrate repertoire observed for Hsc70 and TRiC is not identical: Hsc70 interacts with a wide spectrum of polypeptides larger than 20 kDa, while TRiC associates with a diverse set of proteins between 30 and 60 kDa. Overexpression of a bacterial chaperonin ‘trap’ that irreversibly captures unfolded polypeptides did not interrupt the productive folding pathway. The trap was unable to bind newly translated polypeptides, indicating that folding in mammalian cells occurs without the release of non‐native folding intermediates into the bulk cytosol. We conclude that de novo protein folding occurs in a protected environment created by a highly processive chaperone machinery and is directly coupled to translation.
Nitric oxide synthase in circulating vs. extravasated polymorphonuclear leukocytes

It is becoming increasingly apparent that certain forms of acute and chronic inflammation are associated with enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). Although substantial information has been obtained describing the regulation of NO synthase (NOS) in macrophages, little information is available regarding the biochemistry and molecular biology of NOS in circulating vs. extravasated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The objective of this study was to characterize the molecular and biochemical properties of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in circulating vs. extravasated rat and human PMNs. Circulating rat and human PMNs were purified from peripheral blood and extravasated PMNs were elicited in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 1% oyster glycogen or in humans by peritoneal dialysis of patients with peritonitis. Inducible NOS mRNA from circulating and elicited PMNs was quantified using slot blot hybridization analysis with a cDNA probe specific for iNOS. iNOS protein was identified using Western immunoblot analysis, and NOS activity was quantified by measuring the NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA)-inhibitable conversion of 14C-labeled L-arginine to L-[14C]citrulline. In a separate series of experiments, circulating or extravasated PMNs were cultured for 4 h and the accumulation of L-NMMA-inhibitable nitrite (NO2-) in the supernatant was determined and used as a measure of NO production in vitro. We found that circulating PMNs (rat or human) contained no iNOS mRNA, protein, or enzymatic activity. Furthermore, circulating rat or human PMNs (2 x 10(6) cells/well) were unable to generate significant amounts of NO2- when cultured for 4 h in vitro. In contrast, iNOS mRNA levels in 4- and 6-h elicited rat PMNs increased 21- and 42-fold, respectively, when compared with circulating cells. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of iNOS protein in the elicited rat PMNs and iNOS enzymatic activity increased from normally undetectable levels in circulating rat PMNs to 81 and 285 pmol/min/mg for the 4- and 6-h elicited rat PMNs, respectively. Approximately 20-30% of the total iNOS activity was Ca(2+)-dependent. Nitrite formation by elicited rat PMNs in the absence of any exogenous stimuli increased from normally undetectable amounts for circulating PMNs to approximately 8 and 11 microM/10(6) cells for the 4- and 6-h elicited PMNs, respectively. Highly enriched preparations of extravasated human PMNs contained neither message, protein nor iNOS enzymatic activity. Taken together our data demonstrate that inflammation-induced extravasation of rat PMNs upregulates the transcription and translation of iNOS in a time-dependent fashion and that 20-30% of the total inducible NOS is Ca(2+)-dependent. In contrast, neither circulating nor extravasated human PMNs contained iNOS message, protein, or enzymatic activity. These data suggest that the human PMN iNOS gene is under very different regulation than is the rat gene.
Effects of Population Density on the Growth, Organ Weights, and Plasma Corticosterone of Young Broiler Chicks

Abstract Two trials were conducted with broiler chicks to determine the effects of population density on the growth, feed efficiency, and several physiological parameters associated with stress in birds. Chicks were brooded in batteries at 116, 232, 348, and 697 cm2/chick. Chicks brooded at 348 cm2/chick grew and utilized feed significantly better than those brooded at 697 cm2/chick during the first week. For maximum growth and feed efficiency, 116 cm2/chick was adequate for the first week; 232 cm2/chick was adequate during the second and third weeks. Increasing cage density significantly decreased percentage heart and spleen weights (g/100 g body weight) and plasma corticosterone at 3 weeks.
Head and neck injuries in sports medicine

Nothing is more devastating than standing on the sideline when a player is hit, goes down, and does not move. Having experienced this recently, I was reminded of how important this issue is. I asked my new partner, Dr. Greg Anderson, to assemble a cadre of experienced physicians, therapists, and other professionals and present an issue of the Clinics in Sports Medicine devoted to head and neck injuries in sports. As usual, Greg focused his remarkable abilities on the task and has developed an outstanding treatise on the care of these injuries. This issue is an important one. You may want to tuck it away in your team physician bag for the next time you are standing on the sideline!
An Ontological Approach to Building Information Model Exchanges in the Precast/Pre-stressed Concrete Industry

Building Information Modeling realm is expanding with the advent of new technologies, processes and software for Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Facility Management industry. The importance of robust knowledge sharing between different stakeholders in a project is of highest priority in such scenarios. model diew definitions provides an empirical specification for the implementation of the Industry Foundation Class (IFC) schema by software companies. The objective of this research is to create an ontological framework, which makes the IFC definitions more formal and consistent. A formal specification of IFC entities to create taxonomy of classes and subclasses between them is adopted for this research. Such an approach will make model view specifications unambiguous and reusable thereby reducing the development time of model views. The precast/pre-stressed concrete industry is selected as the domain for the ontology definitions. Case studies developed illustrating the exchange of a fabrication model between architect/engineer, precast detailer and fabricator shows the feasibility of this approach. The outcome of this research provides the mechanism for applications such as modular MVDs, smart and complex querying of building models, making data sharing across applications simpler with limited rework.
NASA's great zooms: a case study

This paper examines a series of NASA outreach visualizations created using several layers of remote sensing satellite data ranging from 4-kilometers per pixel to 1-meter per pixel. The viewer is taken on a seamless, cloud free journey from a global view of the Earth down to ground level where buildings, streets, and cars are visible. The visualizations were produced using a procedural shader that takes advantage of accurate georegistration and color matching between images. The shader accurately and efficiently maps the data sets to geometry allowing for animations with few perceptual transitions among data sets. We developed a pipeline to facilitate the production of over twenty zoom visualizations. Millions of people have seen these visualizations through national and international media coverage.
Ginger: Is it Ready for Prime Time?

On the basis of substantial preclinical data showing the preventive efficacy of ginger and its constituents in vitro and in animal models, as well as a phase I pilot trial indicating that ginger extract is well tolerated in humans, Citronberg and colleagues conducted a pilot trial of ginger extract (2 g/day for 28 days) on biomarkers of cell proliferation [human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), MIB-1], differentiation (p21waf1/cip1), and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2) in colonic mucosa from individuals at high-risk for colorectal cancer. Results from the trial suggest that ginger may reduce proliferation in normal-appearing colorectal epithelium and increase apoptosis relative to proliferation, especially in the differentiation zone of colon crypts. The authors suggest that these results support a larger study to confirm the pilot data. Before proceeding with a larger trial, however, it seems prudent to confirm ginger as a chemopreventive for colorectal cancer in animals, particularly when tested in postinitiation protocols and to identify reliable molecular biomarkers of effect that could be evaluated in clinical trials. Pharmacokinetic studies to examine the distribution and localization of ginger compounds and metabolites in the differentiation and proliferative zones of colonic crypts in animals and humans would also be informative. Finally, because the effects of ginger on normal colonic mucosa seem minimal, consideration should be given to the conduct of future trials in humans with premalignant colorectal disease. Cancer Prev Res; 6(4); 257–62. ©2013 AACR. See related article by Citronberg et al., [p. 271][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/6/271?iss=4
“I Would Never Be a Secretary” Reinforcing Gender in Segregated and Integrated Occupations

Gender affects us, but we also affect gender. This study reveals some of the ways women in two types of occupations—furniture sales and secretarial—shape the system of gender. As they struggle to define their identities within a segregated occupational structure, these women evoke notions of their differences from men and from other women, as well as their similarities to each group, in ways that are consistent with feminist theoretical positions on these issues. I argue that the ways these women define themselves have consequences for the shape of the system of gender. Many women inadvertently reinforce gender either by upholding traditional gender categories or by devaluing women. Yet some women create a powerful opportunity to dismantle gender by appreciating the work women have done and aligning themselves with these women to break out of staid gender categories.
Nomad: migrating OS-bypass networks in virtual machines

Virtual machine (VM) technology is experiencing a resurgence due to various benefits including ease of management, security and resource consolidation. Live migration of virtual machines allows transparent movement of OS instances and hosted applications across physical machines. It is one of the most useful features of VM technology because it provides a powerful tool for effective administration of modern cluster environments. Migrating network resources is one of the key problems that need to be addressed in the VM migration process. Existing studies of VM migration have focused on traditional I/O interfaces such as Ethernet. However, modern high-speed interconnects with intelligent NICs pose significantly more challenges as they have additional features including hardware level reliable services and direct I/O accesses. In this paper we present Nomad, a design for migrating modern interconnects with the aforementioned features, focusing on cluster environments running VMs. We introduce a thin namespace virtualization layer to efficiently address location dependent resource handles and a handshake protocol which transparently maintains reliable service semantics during migration. We demonstrate our design by implementing a prototype based on the Xen virtual machine monitor and InfiniBand. Our performance analysis shows that Nomad can achieve efficient migration of network resources, even in environments with stringent communication performance requirements.
Environmental issues for MIMO capacity

Wireless communication using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems enables increased spectral efficiency for a given total transmit power. Increased capacity is achieved by introducing additional spatial channels that are exploited using space-time coding. In this paper, the environmental factors that affect MIMO capacity are surveyed. These factors include channel complexity, external interference, and channel estimation error. The maximum spectral efficiency of MIMO systems in which both transmitter and receiver know the channel (using channel estimate feedback) is compared with MIMO systems in which only the receiver knows the channel. Channel complexity is studied using both simple stochastic physical scattering and asymptotic large random matrix models. Both uncooperative (worst-case) and cooperative (amenable to multiuser detection) interference are considered. An analysis for capacity loss associated with channel estimation error at the transmitter is introduced.
Efficacy of a constantly adaptive language modeling technique for web-scale applications

In this paper, we describe CALM, a method for building statistical language models for the Web. CALM addresses several unique challenges dealing with the Web contents. First, CALM does not rely on the whole corpus to be available to build the language model. Instead, we design CALM to progressively adapt itself as Web chunks are made available by the crawler. Second, given the dynamic and dramatic changes in the Web contents, CALM is designed to quickly enrich its lexicon and N-grams as new vocabulary and phrases are discovered. To reduce the amount of heuristics and human interventions typically needed for model adaptation, we derive an information theoretical formula for CALM to facilitate the optimal adaptation in the maximum a posteriori (MAP) sense. Testing against a collection of Web chunks where new vocabulary and phrases are dominant, we show CALM can achieve comparable and satisfactory model measured in perplexity. We also show CALM is robust against over training and the initial condition, suggesting that any assumptions made in obtaining the initial model can gradually see their impacts diminished as CALM runs its full course and adapt to more data.
Progress toward a stabilization and preconditioning protocol for polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic modules

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules can exhibit substantial variation in measured performance depending on prior exposure history. We studied the metastable performance changes in these PV modules with the goal of establishing standard preconditioning or stabilization exposure procedures to mitigate measured variations prior to current-voltage (IV) measurements. We present the results of our case studies of module performance vs. exposure: light-soaked at 65°C, exposed in the dark under forward bias at 65°C; and finally longer-term outdoor exposure. We find that stabilization can be achieved using either light or dark bias methods. Additionally, we performed and present capacitance-voltage profile measurements on the modules to examine the changes in depletion widths or its hysteresis plus electronic carrier concentrations as a function of exposure.
Interaction mechanism of doxorubicin and SWCNT: protonation and diameter effects on drug loading and releasing

In the present work the adsorption of doxorubicin (DOX) on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as well as its encapsulation in SWCNTs, and their dependence on the protonation of the NH2 group of DOX, solvent, and the diameter of armchair (n, n) SWCNTs were systematically investigated using theoretical methods such as PM6-DH2 and M06-2X in the scheme of OMIOM. It was found that the two loadings, adsorption on the sidewall of CNTs and encapsulation in CNTs, have distinct solvent, protonation and diameter dependences. The encapsulation is much stronger than the adsorption of DOX on the sidewall of CNTs, and the former also has significantly higher solvent and protonation effects than the latter. The adsorption primarily occurs through π–π stacking and just becomes slightly stronger as the diameter of the CNTs increases, while besides the π–π stacking the additional C–H/N–H/O–H⋯π and CO⋯π also contribute to the encapsulation of DOX in CNTs. It seems that (8, 8) CNT with a diameter of ∼ 11 A is energetically an onset for the encapsulation, since the encapsulation turns from endothermic to exothermic when the diameter is larger than approximately 11 A, and the optimal diameter for the encapsulation is 14 A corresponding to (10, 10) CNT. Thus for the thick CNT the encapsulation may also play an important role in the loading and releasing for the CNT-based drug delivery system of the DOX.
Ruthenium photoredox-triggered phospholipid membrane formation

As more methodologies for generating and manipulating biomimetic cellular systems are developed, opportunities arise for combining different methods to create more complex synthetic biological constructs. This necessitates an increasing need for tools to selectively trigger individual methodologies. Here we demonstrate ruthenium tris-bipyridine mediated photoredox triggering of the copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), resulting in the synthesis of biomimetic phospholipids in situ, and subsequent membrane assembly. The use of a ruthenium–copper electron transport chain to trigger phospholipid assembly opens up future opportunities for spatiotemporal synthesis of membranes.
Effect of Tree Fertilization on Numbers and Development of Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and on Fruit Damage

Pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, egg and nymph density increased at a faster rate and reached higher levels on orchard pear, Pyrus communis L., trees receiving higher nitrogen application. This was probably due to psyllids ovipositing preferentially on foliage with higher nitrogen content. This perference was indicated in a choice chamber experiment using young and mature pear leaves. differences in psylla densities on orchard trees due to nitrogen application rates were largely limited to the first half of the growing season. Nitrogen application rate had greater effect on psylla numbers than time of application (dormant vs. late summer). There was more russet damage to fruit from psylla on trees with a higher fertilization rate. Early-season nymphal populations were responsible for the differences in russet, highlighting the need for early-season controL Within certain ranges of foliar percent N, psylla developmental rate increased with plant nitrogen content. At very low levels of foliar N, however, psylla developmental rate also increased.
Probing Dynamic Reassembly of Chemically-Etched 3D Embryonic Tissue

Most embryonic development and tissue self-assembly requires coordinated cell movements within multiple cell layers composed of different cell types and integrated signaling networks in these 3D environments. The role of cell mechanics in tissue self-assembly has been demonstrated, but little is known about the mechanical responses of 3D multi-layer tissues to chemical cues. To investigate the collective movements within multilayered tissues, we developed a novel microfluidic technique capable of ablating strips of a specified width and depth from a composite tissue. We call this technique “3D tissue-etching” because it is analogous to techniques used in the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) field where complex 3D structures are built by successively removing material from a monolithic solid through subtractive manufacturing. We used our microfluidic control system to deliver a variety of tissue ablation reagents (detergents, chelators, proteases, etc.) or “etchants” to specific regions of multilayered tissues microsurgically isolated from embryos of Xenopus laevis. Explanted embryonic Xenopus tissues provide an ideal model for 3D tissue etching. Long exposure to a narrow etchant stream cuts completely through cell-cell layers to expose the substrate while a shorter exposure time can remove a single layer. By varying the width of the etchant and the exposure time within a single experiment a broader strip of the surface layer may be removed and then a second narrow single narrow band within the band of exposed cells in the second layer. The ability to control 3D stimulation and the shape of multicellular tissues will extend the tools of tissue engineering to synthesize highly complex 3D integrated multicellular biosystems. Integration of tissue etching in our custom microfluidic system provides a “test-bed” where we can implement and test a range of hypotheses concerning the control and regulation of development and cell differentiation.
Interelectronic Exchange Interactions between Organic Radicals in the Solid State

The poly(4’-vinylphenoxy) nonconjugated polyradical was generated by photolysis of an oxalate-functionalized poly(4-hydroxystyrene). Spin-counting experiments in the electron spin resonance spectrum (ESR) showed efficient production of radicals with g = 2.0041, consistent with the expected pendant phenoxyl radicals. The thermal behavior of the ESR signal intensity indicated through-space antiferromagnetic coupling of the pendant radicals. The similarity of the behavior of this nonconjugated system to that of nominally conjugated polyradical systems synthesized by others suggests that geometric effects leading to deconjugation may be a major consideration in the synthesis of organic ferromagnetically exchange coupled polyradicals.
Adoption of Novel Consumer Durable Goods in Less Developed Countries

AbstractThis is an empirical study which investigates the impact of three socioeconomic factors (i.e., education, occupation, and income) and four attitudes (i.e., activism, low community stratification, mass media participation, and consumer modernism) on the acquisition of novel technological consumer durable goods. Path analysis is used to test the significance of these variables on innovativeness (i.e., the adoption of novel consumer durable goods). The findings support four of the seven hypotheses, namely, that the impact of socioeconomic factors such as education, occupation, and income in developing countries are expected to be positively related to innovativeness; and that consumer modernism in developing countries is positively related to innovativeness. The findings do not support hypotheses concerning the relationships of activism, low community stratification, and mass media participation to innovativeness. A discussion of findings is given and implications for marketing practitioners, marketi...
Sparsity of SAR Image with Application to Feature Enhancement

The sparsity of SAR image data was discussed based on the backscattering properties of targets in the image.Firstly,the paper analyzed the cause of sparsity,and pointed out that the sparsity originates from the backscattering properties of the targets,the sparsity of the strong scattering centers,and the roughness of the imaging area.Secondly,the visual differences of the sparse properties between optical and SAR images were compared based on the sparse re-presentations.Thirdly,the application of these sparsity properties to SAR image feature-enhancement was investigated.Finally,the experiments with simulated data and MSTAR data demonstrate the positive effect of sparse constraints on feature-enhancement.
Adjustment of wave shape in lighting full-wave impulse test

The method of improving lighting full-wave impulse test waveform was discussed by adjusting wave front and terminal resistance,which was verified to be correct and effective in lighting full-wave impulse test of series reactor.
Apert syndrome : Surgical outcomes and perspectives

Abstract Purpose Apert syndrome is a rare congenital malformation with severe craniofacial anomalies. The aim of this study was to review the outcomes of craniofacial and neurosurgical interventions in Apert syndrome patients treated at a single institution. Materials and methods A retrospective review of all patient records with a diagnosis of Apert syndrome assessed and managed in the Australian Craniofacial Unit (ACFU) from 1985 to 2013 was conducted. Results A total of 94 patients were identified, and 130 transcranial procedures were performed. Of the patients, 83 underwent a fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) as their primary procedure, and 18 patients also underwent a posterior vault procedure. Twenty patients underwent a fronto-facial monobloc advancement. Overall, 70% of patients underwent at least 2 transcranial procedures. Shunts were inserted in 2 patients preoperatively and in 5 patients postoperatively for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks or acute hydrocephalus. Re-do FOAs were performed in 8 patients. Patients who underwent an FOA at the age of more than 18 months had no recurrence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Of 18 patients who also underwent a posterior vault procedure, 1 patient had recurrence of raised ICP. Midfacial surgery was performed early if there was evidence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), but delayed midfacial surgery was preferred. Complications were reported in 18% of procedures. The most common complications were CSF leaks and acute hydrocephalus. Conclusion Shunting is rarely required in Apert syndrome patients, confirming a predominantly nonprogressive ventriculomegaly. FOA appears to be a more stable procedure when performed at an age of more than 18 months. Undergoing a posterior vault procedure may reduce the risk of recurrent raised ICP and lead to fewer transcranial procedures needed in childhood. Midfacial surgery should be delayed until adolescence where there is no evidence of OSA, psychological disturbance, or complications of exorbitism. Complications are rare when these patients are treated by an experienced craniofacial team.
Colonial Photography Across Empires and Islands

When the US acquired its colonies of Puerto Rico and the Philippines in the aftermath of the 1898 war with Spain, those colonies had to be made known to American citizens. Lanny Thompson has described what he calls the “principle narratives” of the different colonies, and the ways that those narratives helped shape political debates about those colonies. Thompson notes that photography played an instrumental role in developing and representing those narratives. “Colonial Photography Across Empires and Islands” discusses the specific uses of photography in the US colonial regimes in the Philippines and Puerto Rico, the two colonies most frequently deemed “unfit” for self-rule. It traces the contours of those themes and ideas that were shared across the different colonies, as well as the particular subject matter that photographers were attracted to in each colony. It also finds points of connection and continuity between US colonial photography, and photography in the Philippines in the Spanish colonial era. The triangulation of these three colonial contexts helps clarify both the generalized nature of colonial photography and the specific uses of photography in particular colonial contexts.
Investigations on Resonant Tunneling and the Role of Interface Roughness Scattering in Quantum Wells

A systematic investigation of resonant tunneling double-barrier quantum well structures has been made with barrier thicknesses ranging from 31 to 1.5 nm. Current-voltage characteristics as well as temperature and magnetic field dependencies have been investigated. Based on the systematic dependencies found, it is concluded that the resonant tunneling we observe is a coherent process in which carrier momentum parallel to the interfaces, however, is not conserved but randomized due to interface roughness scattering in the quantum well. Data showing the effect of a growth interruption and of substrate misorientation on the measured negative differential conductance are briefly discussed.
Introduction: American Thoracic Society International Meeting 2016.

On May 14, 2016, over 17,400 people met in San Francisco, California for the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Meeting. The ‘sphere’ of Twitter contacts during this 5-day meeting exceeded 40,000,000.
Suvoyuki Means Joint Effort: Archaeologists, the Hopi Tribe, and the Public at Homol’ovi

Field schools are a context for many different types of experiential learning. This chapter examines how the Homol’ovi Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (HUROP) integrated public outreach into hands-on archaeological field training. With examples from three public outreach projects, I also explore how the educational objectives of the program and the field setting provided opportunities to collaborate with a Native community, specifically the Hopi Tribe.
Conductivity, Viscosity, and Their Correlation of a Super-Concentrated Aqueous Electrolyte

A super-concentrated aqueous electrolyte, “water-in-bisalt (WiBS)”, consisting of 21 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 7 m lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate on the most concentrated end, was measured for its electrolytic conductivity κ and glass transition temperature Tg in wide ranges of salt concentration m and temperature θ, with Tg as an indicator for the electrolyte viscosity. The measured κ–(m, θ) data in its entirety was fitted with an extended Casteel–Amis equation for an accurate functional representation, and the κ–θ data for the most concentrated electrolytes were fitted with the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation for an evaluation of the activation energy Ea and vanishing mobility temperature T0. The resultant values of κ and T0 are compared and correlated with Tg, and the possibility of the formation of a water–salt liquid structure under these super-concentrated environments is discussed.
Theorizing in Narrative Form: Bing Xin 冰心

THEORIZING IN NARRATIVE FORM studies how “The Photograph” (1934) performs the work of theory in anticipating ideas later articulated by postcolonial and Asian American critics. It furnishes a dual critique of American Orientalism and Chinese familism, and contributes to ongoing debates about culturalist upbringing of adoptees from abroad. Susan Sontag’s observation that photography is made to serve colonialist ends is inverted by the eponymous photograph, through which the master’s tool is used to deconstruct the master’s vision. The narrative interweaves three strands of Orientalism—missionary denigration of the Chinese as heathens, stateside construct of the Asian model minority, and Chinese complicity in its enactment. This chapter stretches the contours of Asian American literature by aligning it with Chinese literature, comparative literature, and postcolonialist theory.
Contaminant Transport in Fractured Media with Sources in the Porous Domain

We study contaminant flow with sources in a fractured porous mediumconsisting of a single fracture bounded by a porous matrix. In the fracturewe assume convection, decay, surface adsorption to the interface, and lossto the porous matrix; in the porous matrix we include diffusion, decay,adsorption, and contaminant sources. The model leads to a nonhomogeneous,linear parabolic equation in a quarter-space with a differential equationfor an oblique boundary condition. Ultimately, we study the problemu t = u yy – λ u + f(x,y,t),x,y>0, t>0, u t = −u x + γu y – λ u on y = 0; u(0,0,t) =u0(t), t>0,with zero initial data. Using Laplace transforms we obtain the Green'sfunction for the problem, and we determine how contaminant sources in theporous media are propagated in time.
Quasi-Phase-Matched Supercontinuum Generation in Photonic Waveguides.

Supercontinuum generation (SCG) in integrated photonic waveguides is a versatile source of broadband light, and the generated spectrum is largely determined by the phase-matching conditions. Here we show that quasi-phase-matching via periodic modulations of the waveguide structure provides a useful mechanism to control the evolution of ultrafast pulses during supercontinuum generation. We experimentally demonstrate a quasi-phase-matched supercontinuum to the ${\mathrm{TE}}_{20}$ and ${\mathrm{TE}}_{00}$ waveguide modes, which enhances the intensity of the SCG in specific spectral regions by as much as 20 dB. We utilize higher-order quasi-phase-matching (up to the 16th order) to enhance the intensity in numerous locations across the spectrum. Quasi-phase-matching adds a unique dimension to the design space for SCG waveguides, allowing the spectrum to be engineered for specific applications.
A Theoretical Model For Accounting For Cost Variance In The Residential Home Building Industry

The purpose of this study was to propose a theoretical model for home building contractors. The theoretical framework proposed was formulated from a systems approach focusing on the principles of general systems theory and applying the theory of single-loop learning to the task of a real-time cost variance calculation. In creating the model, the researcher first looked at the concept of general systems theory, applying the system concept using a systems approach. This approach has led to the development of the theoretical model for the home building industry. In the center of the model is the cost variance system interacting with the individual subsystems; estimating, accounting, standards, and technology. This model outlines the importance of four separate subsystems and their interrelationships in the calculation of cost variance. The model in this study has led to several important implications and recommendations for the home building industry
Estimating Savings in Parking Demand Using Shared Vehicles for Home–Work Commuting

The increasing availability and adoption of shared vehicles as an alternative to personally owned cars presents ample opportunities for achieving more efficient transportation in cities. With private cars spending on the average over 95% of the time parked, one of the possible benefits of shared mobility is the reduced need for parking space. While widely discussed, a systematic quantification of these benefits as a function of mobility demand and sharing models is still mostly lacking in the literature. As a first step in this direction, this paper focuses on a type of private mobility which, although specific, is a major contributor to traffic congestion and parking needs, namely, home–work commuting. We develop a data-driven methodology for estimating commuter parking needs in different shared mobility models, including a model where self-driving vehicles are used to partially compensate flow imbalance typical of commuting, and further reduce parking infrastructure at the expense of the increased traveled kilometers. We consider the city of Singapore as a case study and produce very encouraging results showing that the gradual transition to shared mobility models will bring tangible reductions in parking infrastructure. In the future-looking, self-driving vehicle scenario, our analysis suggests that up to 50% reduction in parking needs can be achieved at the expense of the increasing total traveled kilometers of less than 2%.