cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal Long-Term Depression and Depotentiation Are Defective in Mice Carrying a Targeted Disruption of the Gene Encoding the RI Beta Subunit of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase

Abstract The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) has been shown to play an important role in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, but little is known about the function of PKA in long-term depression (LTD). We have combined pharmacologic and genetic approaches to demonstrate that PKA activity is required for both homosynaptic LTD and depotentiation and that a specific neuronal isoform of type I regulatory subunit (RI beta) is essential. Mice carrying a null mutation in the gene encoding RI beta were established by use of gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Hippocampal slices from mutant mice show a severe deficit in LTD and depotentiation at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. This defect is also evident at the lateral perforant path-dentate granule cell synapse in RI beta mutant mice. Despite a compensatory increase in the related RI alpha protein and a lack of detectable changes in total PKA activity, the hippocampal function in these mice is not rescued, suggesting a unique role for RI beta. Since the late phase of CA1 LTP also requires PKA but is normal in RI beta mutant mice, our data further suggest that different forms of synaptic plasticity are likely to employ different combinations of regulatory and catalytic subunits.
NMR-based metabolomics study of canine bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the leading lethal cancers worldwide. With the high risk of recurrence for bladder cancer following the initial diagnoses, lifelong monitoring of patients is necessary. The lack of adequate sensitivity and specificity of current noninvasive monitoring approaches including urine cytology, other urine tests, and imaging, underlines the importance of studies that focus on the detection of more reliable biomarkers for this cancer. The emerging area of metabolomics, which deals with the analysis of a large number of small molecules in a single step, promises immense potential for discovering metabolite markers for screening and monitoring treatment response and recurrence in patients with bladder cancer. Since naturally-occurring canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is very similar to human invasive bladder cancer, spontaneous canine transitional cell carcinoma has been applied as a relevant animal model of human invasive transitional cell carcinoma. In this study, we have focused on profiling the metabolites in urine from dogs with transitional cell carcinoma and healthy control dogs combining nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and statistical analysis methods. (1)H NMR-based metabolite profiling analysis was shown to be an effective approach for differentiating samples from dogs with transitional cell carcinoma and healthy controls based on a partial least square-discriminant analysis of the NMR spectra. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of six individual metabolites between samples from dogs with transitional cell carcinoma and the control group based on the Student's t-test. These metabolites were selected to build a separate partial least square-discriminant analysis model that was then used to test the classification accuracy. The result showed good classification between transitional cell carcinoma and control groups with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 86% and 78%, respectively. These results suggest that urine metabolic profiling may have potential for early detection of bladder cancer and of bladder cancer recurrence following treatment, and may enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved.
MEMS fabrications of broadband epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterial electronic circuit for 0.22 THz sheet beam TWT application

In the course of the DARPA HiFIVE (High Frequency Integrated Vacuum Electronics) program, we have investigated various MEMS techniques for micro-fabrication of electronic circuits built in a 0.22 THz traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier. The so-called “Barnett-Shin” circuit [1] is a TE-mode waveguide structure of ultra wideband epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterial, comprised of a half-period staggered double grating array. Our prior modeling analyses of the device with a 20 keV and 250 mA sheet beam demonstrated ≥ 12 dB/cm growth rate and the saturated conversion efficiency of 3–5.5% (150–275 W) over 25 % (∼ 60 GHz) dynamic bandwidth. Four different MEMS techniques are being developed for circuit fabrication: UV LIGA with (1) KMPR and (2) SU8, (3) high precision CNC nano-machining, and (4) silicon-molded electro-deposition. In the early stages of the program, we performed proof-of-concept experiments at Ka-band, which demonstrated 25 % band response of the ENG metamaterial circuit, and numerically analyzed the potential deleterious effects of deviation of critical dimensions due to fabrication errors on signal response of the fabricated circuits. Currently, the MEMS fabricated 0.22 THz circuits are being investigated by 3D optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, a scalar network S-parameter analyzing system has been prepared for characterization of the micro-fabricated circuits.
Reactions of Vanadium Oxide Cluster Ions with 1,3-Butadiene and Isomers of Butene†

The gas-phase reactions of vanadium oxide cluster ions with 1,3-butadiene and the isomers of butene are examined. The correlation between the reaction products and the cluster stoichiometry, oxidat...
The Associations of Executive Function and Temperament in a Model of Risk for Childhood Anxiety

Previous research on the etiology of anxiety disorders has implicated temperament as a significant factor. It has been theorized that the expression of temperament may be influenced by cognitive variables, particularly executive function. The current study tested a mediational model to investigate the combined and separate effects of childhood temperament and executive function, specifically the ability to shift cognitive sets, in the relation between parent and child anxiety. Participants were 102 parent–child dyads recruited from the community. Children were between the ages of 7 and 10 years old (60.7 % male, 93.2 % Caucasian) and most parents were mothers (91.2 %). Parents completed measures of parent anxiety, child temperament, and child executive function. Children completed a measure of child anxiety. Overall the data fit the model well. Further analyses indicated that temperament and executive function exerted individual and combined effects on the relation between parent and child anxiety. Executive function was also found to mediate the relation between temperament and child anxiety. The results suggest that separately temperament and executive function mediate the link between parent and child anxiety. Also, executive function may mediate the effect temperament has on child anxiety. Together, temperament and executive function may represent a specific pathway of risk, by affecting each other and the relation each has on the familial transmission of anxiety.
Characterization of the Effect of Hyperthermia on Nanoparticle Extravasation from Tumor Vasculature

The efficacy of novel cancer therapeutics can be hampered by inefficient delivery of agents to the tumor at effective concentrations. Liposomes have been used as a method to overcome some delivery issues and, in combination with hyperthermia, have been shown to increase drug delivery to tumors. This study investigates the effects of a range of temperatures (34-42 degrees C) and hyperthermia treatment scheduling (time between hyperthermia and drug administration as well as between consecutive hyperthermia treatments) on the extravasation of nanoparticles (100-nm liposomes) from tumor microvasculature in a human tumor (SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma) xenograft grown in athymic nude mouse window chambers. Under normothermic conditions (34 degrees C) and at 39 degrees C, nanoparticles were unable to extravasate into the tumor interstitium. From 40 to 42 degrees C, nanoparticle extravasation increased with temperature, reaching maximal extravasation at 42 degrees C. Temperatures higher than 42 degrees C led to hemorrhage and stasis in tumor vessels. Enhanced nanoparticle extravasation was observed several hours after heating, decaying back to baseline at 6 h postheating. Reheating (42 degrees C for 1 h) 8 h after an initial heating (42 degrees C for 1 h) did not result in any increased nanoparticle extravasation, indicating development of vascular thermotolerance. The results of this study have implications for the application and scheduling of hyperthermia combined with other therapeutics (e.g., liposomes, antibodies, and viral vectors) for the treatment of cancer.
Analytical constraints on the structural features of humic substances

Abstract A rigorous calculation of the maximum fraction of aromatic carbon in humus or any other complex mixture of organic compounds is described. Input parameters include elemental composition, carboxyl content, carbonyl content, and an estimate of number-average molecular weight. The calculated upper limit constrains structural models that are based on interpretations of 13 C-NMR spectra or on the products of degradation reactions and also directly limits the phenolic content of a sample. Another computational method is described that yields good estimates of the actual levels of aromatic (and aliphatic) carbon in a humus sample. Even though the method is capable of estimating only the most probable level of aromatic carbon, the predicted values are surprisingly close to the experimental values that have been determined by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy.
Ecstasy, Ritual, and Alternate Reality: Religion in a Pluralistic World

Ecstasy, Ritual, and Alternate Reality: Religion in. Pluralistic World by Felicitas D. Goodman. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana .University Press, 1988. Pp. 193. ISBN 0-253-31899-8
Dual Specificity Phosphatase 4 Mediates Cardiomyopathy Caused by Lamin A/C (LMNA) Gene Mutation

Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause a diverse spectrum of diseases, the most common of which is dilated cardiomyopathy often with skeletal muscular dystrophy. Lamin A and C are fundamental components of the nuclear lamina, a dynamic meshwork of intermediate filaments lining the nuclear envelope inner membrane. Prevailing evidence suggests that the nuclear envelope functions as a signaling node and that abnormality in the nuclear lamina leads to dysregulated signaling pathways that underlie disease pathogenesis. We previously showed that activated ERK1/2 in hearts of a mouse model of LMNA cardiomyopathy (LmnaH222P/H222P mice) contributes to disease, but the complete molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we uncover a pathogenic role of dual specificity phosphatase 4 (Dusp4), which is transcriptionally induced by ERK1/2. Dusp4 is highly expressed in the hearts of LmnaH222P/H222P mice, and transgenic mice with cardiac-selective overexpression of Dusp4 display heart dysfunction similar to LMNA cardiomyopathy. In both primary tissue and cell culture models, overexpression of Dusp4 positively regulates AKT-mTOR signaling, resulting in impaired autophagy. These findings identify a pathogenic role of Dusp4 in LMNA cardiomyopathy.
The Falciform Ligament in the Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Ascites

Objective The purpose of this study was to show that the falciform ligament (FL) is an important finding on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patients with ascites. Background It is difficult to determine the cause of echo-free spaces around the heart. When an echo-free space is seen anterior to the right ventricle, the identification of the FL helps to distinguish ascites from pericardial effusions, pleural effusions, and pericardial cysts. Methods TTE was performed with a 3-MHz multiplane transducer connected to an ultrasound system. Standard TTE and Doppler flow measurements were performed following the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. A total of 32 patients with ascites were studied. Results In all 32 patients with ascites noted on clinical examination and documented with abdominal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, paracentesis, or a combination of these, the FL was identified in the subdiaphragmatic view on TTE examination. Conclusion The FL can be readily visualized on TTE in the subdiaphragmatic view and can aid in the differential diagnoses of translucent space around the right heart border and the liver. The presence of the FL in this echolucent space denotes ascites.
An Investigation of Blood Selenium Concentrations of Goats in New York State

The goal of the current study was to determine the range of blood selenium concentrations in goats in New York State that were fed adequately supplemented diets. Blood samples from mature, juvenile, and neonatal goats from commercial farms, 2 dairy and 2 meat producers, were analyzed via graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Feed samples were analyzed by using inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectroscopy to confirm that dietary selenium concentrations were adequate. The ranges of blood selenium concentration obtained were 9.1-49.9 mg/dl for mature goats, 7.6-37.5 mg/dl for juveniles, and 9.7-40.7 mg/dl for neonates.
Provenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis

article i nfo Sediment clay and silt mineral assemblages provide an excellent means of assessing the provenance of fine- grained Arctic sediment especially when a unique mineral assemblage can be tied to specific source areas. The diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) first derivative measurements and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction (qXRD) on a high-resolution sediment core from the continental slope north of Alaska constrain the sediment mineralogy. DSR results are augmented by measurements on several adjacent cores and compared to surface sediment samples from the northern Alaskan shelf and slope. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we infer that the three leading DSR modes relate to mixtures of smectite+dolomite, illite+goethite, and chlorite+muscovite. This interpretation is consistent with the down core qXRD results. While the smectite+dolomite, and illite+goethite factors show increased variability down core, the chlorite+ muscovite factor had highest positive loadings in the middle Holocene, between ca. 6.0 and 3.6 ka. Because the most likely source of the chlorite+muscovite suite in this vicinity lies in the North Pacific, we argue that the oscillations in chlorite+muscovite values likely reflect an increase in the inflow of Pacific water to the Arctic through the Bering Strait. The time interval of this event is associated in other parts of the globe with a non-linear response of the climate system to the decrease in insolation, which may be related to changes in water exchange between the Pacific and Arctic Ocean.
Effective geometric front dynamics for premixed turbulent combustion with separated velocity scales

Abstract We study the large scale effective flame front equations for premixed turbulent combustion with separated scale turbulent velocity fields recently formulated and derived by Majda and Souganidis. For the particular case of a steady incompressible velocity field consisting of a mean flow plus a small scale periodic shear we use analytical expressions and numerical quadrature to study the effective turbulent flame front velocity, its dependence on the turbulence intensity, and the role played by the mean flow. In general the dependence of the turbulent flame speed on the turbulence intensity is nonlinear, and the local logarithmic rate of growth can take a continuum of values, depending on the magnitudes of the mean and turbulent intensities. In the weak turbulence limit this dependence can be either linear or quadratic, depending on the magnitude and direction of the mean flow relative to the shear. In the strong turbulence limit the dependence is always linear. This behavior is documented for vari...
Discriminative features for document classification

Document representation using the bag-of-words approach may require bringing the dimensionality of the representation down in order to be able to make effective use of various statistical classification methods. Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is one such method that is based on eigendecomposition of the covariance of the document-term matrix. Another often used approach is to select a small number of most important features out of the whole set according to some relevant criterion. This paper points out that LSI ignores discrimination while concentrating on representation. Furthermore, selection methods fail to produce a feature set that jointly optimizes class discrimination. As a remedy, we suggest supervised linear discriminative transforms, and report good classification results applying these to the Reuters-21578 database.
Comparison of polarization consistent and correlation consistent basis sets for noncovalent interactions

The convergence of the polarization consistent family of basis sets to the MP2 complete basis set (CBS) limit has been examined for the dissociation energies of five weakly bound clusters: (HF)2, (HF)3, (H2O)2, (H2O)3, and (C2H2)2. MP2 results obtained with two series of polarization consistent basis sets and the analogous series of Dunning's correlation consistent basis sets are compared to the CBS limits obtained with the explicitly correlated MP2-R12 method. Although the polarization consistent basis sets do converge systematically to the CBS limit, the correlation consistent basis sets with diffuse functions on nonhydrogen atoms (i.e., cc-pVXZ for H and aug-cc-pVXZ otherwise) consistently produced the smallest errors. Counterpoise corrections for basis set superposition error did not improve the performance of either the polarization or correlation consistent basis sets. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia FISH panel : Impact on diagnosis

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an alternative to conventional chromosome analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. We analyzed 172 samples from 136 possible CLL cases using a FISH panel. Reflex testing with probes to CCND1, BCL2, BCL3, BCL11A, c-MYC, MALT1, and a break-apart immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) probe was done if more than 2 signals for 14q32 occurred. For 111 cases, there were sufficient data for analysis. Of 111 cases, 81 (72.9%) had 1 or more genetic abnormalities. The most frequent abnormality was 13q-, followed by trisomy 12, 11q-, and 17p-. In 13 cases, there were IGH abnormalities. Two cases with CCND1/IGH fusion were reclassified as mantle cell lymphoma. Four CLL cases had IGH fusion with BCL2, BCL3 (2 cases), and BCL11A; no fusion partner was detected in 7 cases. Morphologic features were atypical for CLL in 2 cases with IGH fusion (BCL11A and BCL3). The FISH CLL panel is useful to identify prognostic aberrations and to clarify diagnosis in cases with unusual morphologic features.
Persistent localization of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) is epithelial cell-specific in an inhalation model of asbestosis.

Asbestos fibers up-regulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway in mesothelial and pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro, but the cell-type expression patterns and intracellular localization of activated, ie, phosphorylated, ERK in the lung after inhalation of asbestos are unclear. C57/BL6 mice were exposed to 7-mg/m3 air of crocidolite asbestos for 5 and 30 days, the times required for the development of epithelial cell hyperplasia and fibrotic lesions, respectively. Exposure to asbestos caused striking increases in both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), which were most marked at 30 days and co-localized in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells using an antibody to cytokeratin. Alveolar macrophages, detected with an anti-macrophage antibody, did not express p-ERK. p-ERK was localized at the apical cell surface of bronchiolar and alveolar type II epithelial cells exposed to asbestos fibers, and was most marked in areas of epithelial hyperplasia in association with fibrotic lesions. Because translocation of p-ERK to the nucleus is associated with activation of early response genes and transcription factors, laser scanning cytometry was used to determine the kinetics of activation and nuclear translocation of p-ERK in an alveolar type II epithelial cell line in vitro after exposure to asbestos or the ERK stimuli, epidermal growth factor, or H2O2. Results showed that cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation of p-ERK occurred in a protracted manner in cells exposed to asbestos. The immunolocalization of p-ERK at the membrane surface, a site of initial exposure to asbestos fibers, and the chronic activation of p-ERK in epithelial cells at sites of fibrogenesis are consistent with the concept that epithelial cell signaling through the ERK pathway contributes to remodeling of the lung during the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
Help seeking and barriers to treatment in a community sample of Mexican American and European American women with eating disorders.

Objective The study examined treatment seeking for eating disorders in Mexican American and European American women. Method One hundred forty-five women with eating disorders (76 Mexican American, 69 European American) were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-IV) and Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Results Only 28% of the sample reported having sought treatment for their eating problems and only 17% had received treatment. Both groups were equally likely to believe they have significant eating problems and to want help. However, Mexican Americans were less likely to have sought treatment and, having sought help, were less likely to have been diagnosed or treated. European Americans were more likely to have utilized psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and psychotropic medications, whereas Mexican Americans largely had sought help from general practitioners for weight concern. The two groups endorsed similar barriers to treatment seeking. Conclusion Results support clinical impressions that eating disorders largely go undetected and untreated. Nonspecialists may be likely to fail to detect eating disorders. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recovering the position and orientation of a mobile robot from a single image of identified landmarks

This paper introduces a novel self-localization algorithm for mobile robots, which recovers the robot position and orientation from a single image of identified landmarks taken by an onboard camera. The visual angle between two landmarks can be derived from their projections in the same image. The distances between the optical center and the landmarks can be calculated from the visual angles and the known landmark positions based on the law of cosine. The robot position can be determined using the principle of trilateration. The robot orientation is then computed from the robot position, landmark positions and their projections. Extensive simulation has been carried out. A comprehensive error analysis provides the insight on how to improve the localization accuracy.
The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management

This paper examines the past, present, and future use of the concept of historical range and variability (HRV) in land management. The history, central concepts, benefits, and limitations of HRV are presented along with a discussion on the value of HRV in a changing world with rapid climate warming, exotic species invasions, and increased land development. This paper is meant as a reference on the strengths and limitations of applying HRV in land management. Applications of the HRV concept have specific contexts, constraints, and conditions that are relevant to any application and are influential to the extent to which the concept is applied. These conditions notwithstanding, we suggest that the HRV concept offers an objective reference for many applications, and it still offers a comprehensive reference for the short-term and possible long-term management of our nation’s landscapes until advances in technology and ecological research provide more suitable and viable approaches in theory and application. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Patterns of media use and multiplexity: associations with sex, geographic distance and friendship interdependence

This study examines patterns of interpersonal media use in same-sex friendships. Using a refined version of Scott and Timmerman’s media use scale, participants reported the extent to which they used eight different communication media and the level of interdependence in the friendship. The results revealed four distinct factors of media use: asynchronous public communication, asynchronous private communication, social networking communication and synchronous offline communication. Both sex and geographic distance differences emerged on these factors and all factors except asynchronous private communication predicted friendship interdependence. These findings clarify underlying patterns of media use and suggest that both privacy and orality are salient properties delineating media types.
The Effect of Small Artery Disease on the Occurrence and Management of Large Artery Disease.

blood have traditionally been divided anatomically into lesions that involve the extracranial large arteries and the intracranial large and small arteries. The rationale for this classification is that conditions that affect the large arteries within the neck and those that involve the large arteries in the head have somewhat different demographic, epidemiologic, and risk factor predilections and are often managed differently. Lesions in the small arteries are quite different morphologically from those in the large arteries and their epidemiologic factors and causes, as well as treatments, differ from conditions that affect the large arteries. There are multiple types of conditions that affect large arteries (atherosclerosis, dissections, fibromuscular lesions, dolichoectasia, aneurysms, vascular constrictions, and others). The classification of small artery disease is even more heterogeneous.
Mutagenic and Developmental Effects of Microwave Radiofrequency (MW/RF) Energies

Some investigators have reported chromosomal changes in various plant and animal cells and tissue cultures exposed to MW/RF energies. Other investigators have reported no changes. Reported chromosomal changes include structural aberrations, polyploidy and stickiness.
Comparison between 7 vs 9 Days of Controlled Internal Drug Release Inserts Permanency on Oestrus Performance and Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cattle

The objective was to evaluate the reproductive performance after oestrus synchronization using controlled internal drug release (CIDR) maintained into the vagina either 7 or 9 days. A controlled randomized block design was performed. Cows (n=255) were blocked by lactation number and days in milk and then randomly divided into 2 groups. In the first group, CIDR was maintained for 7 days (CIDR-7; n=127), and in the second group, CIDR was maintained for 9 days (CIDR-9; n=128). Both groups received Prostaglandin-F2α at CIDR removal. Oestrus response, oestrus onset, oestrus duration, conception rate, and pregnancy at days 28 and 45 were evaluated. Cows were oestrus detected 4 times a day for 120 hours after CIDR removal, and only cows in standing oestrus were artificially inseminated between 6 and 12 hours after oestrus detection. Oestrus response for both groups was 79.5% and 87.5% for CIDR-7 and CIDR-9, respectively (P=0.09). The oestrus onset (mean ± SD) for the same groups was 56.3±17.2 h and 59.4±17.9 h, respectively (P=0.19). Oestrus duration was 11.3±7.3 h and 11.7±7.8 h for groups CIDR-7 and CIDR-9, respectively (P=0.71). At day 28, the conception rates for the groups CIDR-7 and CIDR-9 days were 51.5% and 45.5% (P=0.39), and the pregnancy rates were 40.9% and 39.8% (P=0.89) for the same groups, respectively. No differences in oestrus performance and fertility in lactating cows’ oestrus synchronized by using CIDR maintained in the vagina either 7 or 9 days were detected.
Designing for a Rural Online Learning Community

As mobile technologies and internet connectivity fast penetrate rural, low-resource settings, there is tremendous potential for them to enable accessible and large-scale learning environments. We present findings from a needs assessment exercise conducted at after-school classrooms in three villages in Tamil Nadu (India). Using a tablet application as a design probe and iterating on its design through a six-week qualitative study, along with interviews with different stakeholders, led us to an enriched understanding of how the application of mobile technologies could contribute towards the design for a rural, online learning community. We conclude with our plan for future work to this end.
Neonatal Transfusion Therapy

Neonates have special requirements for transfusion therapy. Because of their small size, the dosage, volume, and biochemical characteristics of blood components often require careful adjustment. The general indications for transfusion are often different than in adults, as are normal values for hematologic parameters. Replacement transfusion for iatrogenic blood loss is common in the sick neonate, as is exchange transfusion. Neonates, especially prematures, may be at increased risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases, including cytomegalovirus infection and graft-vs-host disease.
Determining the Function of Dalton Adzes from Northeast Arkansas

Kimball, L.R. 1989 Planning and Functional Variability in the Upper Perigordian: Microwear Analy sis of Tools from Level 7, Le Flageolet I (Dordogne). Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University. Mansur-Franchomme, M.E. 1983 Scanning Electron Microscopy of Dry Hide Working Tools: the Role of Abrasives and Humidity In Microwear Polish Formation. Journal of Archaeological Science 10:223 230.
Dissociation Dynamics and Thermochemistry of Tin Species, (CH3)4Sn and (CH3)6Sn2, by Threshold Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy

The dissociative photoionization of tetramethyltin (Me4Sn) and hexamethylditin (Me6Sn2) has been investigated by threshold photoelectron−photoion coincidence (TPEPICO). Ions are energy-selected, and their 0 K dissociation onsets are measured by monitoring the mass spectra as a function of ion internal energy. Me4Sn+ dissociates rapidly by methyl loss, with a 0 K onset of E0 = 9.382 ± 0.020 eV. The hexamethylditin ion dissociates slowly on the time scale of the experiment (i.e., during the 40 μs flight time to the detector) so that dissociation rate constants are measured as a function of the ion energy. RRKM and the simplified statistical adiabatic channel model (SSACM) are used to extrapolate the measured rate constants for methyl and Me3Sn• loss to their 0 K dissociation onsets, which were found to be 8.986 ± 0.050 and 9.153 ± 0.075 eV, respectively. Updated values for the heats of formation of the neutral Me4Sn and Me6Sn2 are used to derive the following 298.15 K gas-phase standard heats of formation, ...
Development of School Psychology in Foreign Countries and Suggestions for Chinese Special Education

This paper starts with a review of the history of school psychology in U.S.A and other western countries,introduces current researching situation of school psychology in other developed countries,as well as their unique characteristics.Thus,a discussion is addressed to explore the conditions of developing school psychology services in China and its current status.In China,school psychology has not been developed as an independent and separate discipline yet.Waiting for well-trained school psychologists and a well-developed school psychology credential system warrants long-term efforts.The reality of Chinese special education makes special educators the sole and primary service providers for children and adolescents with disabilities.Future directions and a few suggestions for special education in China are discussed.
International Governance of Domestic National Security Measures: The Forgotten Role of the World Trade Organization

The current perception of the United Nations as the only institution charged with governing international security issues was neither intended nor required. Although the historical development of the World Trade Organization (WTO) caused a significant shift in its governance focus, the WTO is uniquely situated to remedy several of the governance failures suffered by the United Nations and to act as an effective governor of national security in the economic sphere. need for such an alternative governance mechanism is especially acute when nation-states refuse to recognize the authority of the United Nations over a security dispute or when a veto-holding Security Council member is the subject of international concern. I first examine the historical development of the international security governance system and uncover the substantive authority of the WTO to govern the economic aspects of national security issues. I then use the parallel proceedings brought by Nicaragua before the International Court of Justice and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade dispute settlement system to dispel common objections to WTO governance in the national security arena. Finally, I demonstrate how U.S. imposition of unilateral economic sanctions on Iran presents an opportunity for WTO governance in the global war on terror.
Regiospecific Hydration of N-(Diphenylphosphinoyl)propargyl Amines: Synthesis of β-Amino Ketones by Au(III) Catalysis.

A Au(III)-catalyzed regiospecific hydration of N-(diphenylphosphinoyl)propargyl amines has been developed to produce various β-amino ketones. These reactions are conducted in the presence of NaAuCl4·2H2O (10 mol %) in a mixed solvent of EtOH/H2O/CH2Cl2 (4:1:1) at room temperature to give the products in 45–71% yield. The high enantiomeric purity of a chiral N-(diphenylphosphinoyl)propargyl amine (85% ee) is maintained after hydration, which makes this method useful for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral β-amino ketones. Reduction of a β-amino ketone product with Zn(BH4)2 gives a 1,3-amino alcohol with modest diastereoselectivity.
Influence of Stream Bottom Substrate on Retention and Transport of Vertebrate Environmental DNA

While environmental DNA (eDNA) is now being regularly used to detect rare and elusive species, detection in lotic environments comes with a caveat: The species being detected is likely some distance upstream from the point of sampling. Here, we conduct a series of seminatural stream experiments to test the sensitivity of new digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) to detect low concentrations of eDNA in a lotic system, measure the residence time of eDNA compared to a conservative tracer, and we model the transport of eDNA in this system. We found that while ddPCR improves our sensitivity of detection, the residence time and transport of eDNA does not follow the same dynamics as the conservative tracer and necessitates a more stochastic framework for modeling eDNA transport. There was no evidence for differences in the transport of eDNA due to substrate type. The relatively large amount of unexplained variability in eDNA transport reveals the need for uncovering mechanisms and processes by which eDNA is transported do...
Abstract A063: Dissecting adipose tissue Treg differentiation and function in metabolism and obesity-associated cancer using TCR transgenic mice

Recent epidemiological and animal model studies indicate that overweight and obese individuals have increased risk not only of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases but also of various types of cancer. It was suggested that chronic, low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, and eventually systemically, is one of the major causes for obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities and cancer, but the trigger, progression and regulation of obesity-induced inflammation and how these processes might influence the development of cancer remain poorly understood. Our laboratory previously discovered a unique population of Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), with a distinct transcriptome and clonally expanded T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, residing in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of mice and humans. These cells are critical for regulating local inflammation and maintaining systemic insulin sensitivity, but whether they regulate the development of obesity- associated cancers is currently unknown. Moreover, we are still at the early stages of an integrative understanding of the differentiation, trafficking, and expansion of this unique population of VAT cells. Attempting to fill some of these knowledge-gaps, we developed a VAT Treg TCR transgenic (Tg) mouse line, in which Tregs preferentially accumulate in VAT upon recognition of a currently unknown antigen. With this unique tool, we elucidated the life history of VAT Tregs, determined when and where they accumulate and acquired the unique phenotype, identified factors that are important for their homeostasis, and demonstrated their function in suppressing insulin resistance. We are currently in the process of elucidating their function in controlling the obesity- promoted liver inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study will provide foundations for Treg-based immunotherapy against the metabolic syndrome and obesity-associated cancer, while pointing to new cellular and molecular pathways that may constitute potential therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Chaoran Li, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis. Dissecting adipose tissue Treg differentiation and function in metabolism and obesity-associated cancer using TCR transgenic mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A063.
Combining bounding boxes and JPS to prune grid pathfinding

Pathfinding is a common task across many domains and platforms, whether in games, robotics, or road maps. Given the breadth of domains, there are also a wide variety of representations used for pathfinding, and there are many techniques which have been shown to improve performance. In the last few years, the state-of-the-art in grid-based pathfinding has been significantly improved with domain-specific techniques such as Jump Point Search (JPS), Subgoal Graphs, and Compressed Path Databases. In this paper we look at a specific implementation of the general idea of Geometric Containers, showing that, while it is effective on grid maps, when combined with JPS+ it provides state-of-the-art performance.
Toward a spintronic deep learning spiking neural processor

Deep Spiking neural architectures are becoming increasingly popular tools in complex pattern recognition tasks. However, implementation of such algorithms in conventional CMOS hardware entails huge area and power consumption due to the significant mismatch between the computational units and the corresponding CMOS devices. In this paper, we explore the design of an All-Spin Deep Spiking Neural Network where we demonstrate the mapping of synaptic and neuronal functionalities to domain wall dynamics in ferromagnets. We evaluate the potential advantages offered by such spintronic devices by performing micromagnetic simulations calibrated to experimental results. In order to investigate the benefits of such a spintronic design for large-scale neuromorphic systems, we perform device-circuit-algorithm co-design for a standard digit recognition problem on the MNIST dataset. Results indicate 250 × improvements in energy consumption and 56× improvement in EDP of the spintronic deep network over a baseline CMOS implementation in commercial 45nm technology.
Barriers and benefits to using mobile health technology after operation: A qualitative study

Background Recently, mobile health technology has emerged as a promising avenue for improving physician-patient communication and patient outcomes. The objective of our study was to determine the public's perception of barriers and benefits to using mobile health technology technologies to enhance recovery after operation. Methods We used the Empire State Poll to ask 2 open-ended questions to 800 participants assessing their perceptions of benefits and barriers to use mobile health technology after operation. All responses were coded independently, and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. We used grounded theory to allow themes to arise from the codes. Interrater reliability was calculated using Cohen's Kappa. Results Participants identified a range of possible barriers to using mobile health technology apps after operation including: protecting personal health information, technology effectiveness and failure, preference for face-to-face interaction with their surgeon, level of effort required, and ability of the older adults to navigate mobile health technology. Participants identified multiple possible benefits including: better monitoring, improved communication with their surgeon, minimizing follow-up visits, improved convenience, and increased patient knowledge. In the study, 15% of all respondents stated there were no barriers whereas 6% stated there were no benefits. Conclusion Participants were receptive to the many potential benefits of this technology to enhance not only their relationships with providers and the convenience of access, but also their health outcomes. We must address participants concerns about data security and their fears of losing a personal relationship with their doctor.
Information structures and values in zero-sum stochastic games

We consider a zero-sum stochastic game where two players have a common observation of a global state, and each player makes a private observation of its local state at every time step. This asymmetry of information among the players makes it difficult to the compute the equilibrium cost (called the value of the zero-sum game). To help us determine the value of such a game, we first consider a game with just the common observations and no local state. We argue that the value of this game with symmetric information can be computed using an information structure expansion followed by the methodology described in [1]. We then argue that the value of the asymmetric information game with global and local states is equal to the value of a virtual game with symmetric information. This allows us to use the results for the symmetric information game for computing the value of the game with global and local states.
Postoperative Myocardial Injury and Inflammation Is Not Blunted by a Trial of Atorvastatin in Orthopedic Surgery Patients

Orthopedic patients are at risk for adverse postoperative cardiovascular outcomes. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of atorvastatin vs. placebo in orthopedic surgery patients was performed in order to assess: (1) the prevalence of perioperative myocardial injury; (2) the effect of atorvastatin on perioperative inflammation; and (3) the feasibility of performing a large RCT of statin therapy in orthopedic patients. Hip fracture (hip Fx) and total hip and knee replacement (THR and TKR) patients were randomized 1:1 to atorvastatin 40 mg daily vs. placebo, starting preoperatively and continuing until postoperative day (POD) 45. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured preoperatively and on POD 2. Patients were monitored for adverse events until POD 90. Five hundred fifty-six patients were screened, 22 were recruited (4 hip Fx, 11 THR, 7 TKR), and 2 withdrew. Most (80%) had detectable hs-cTnI (> 1.1 pg/mL) preoperatively. Twenty percent had a perioperative rise in hs-cTnI (≥ 10 pg/mL), which was not blunted by atorvastatin. Hs-CRP rose in 19/20 patients, and IL-6 rose in all patients. However, atorvastatin did not blunt the rise in these inflammatory biomarkers. On POD 2, IL-6 and hs-cTnI levels correlated (ρ = 0.59, p = 0.02). Recruitment was limited by the high prevalence of statin use in the screened population and a high prevalence of exclusions among hip fracture patients. Perioperative myocardial injury and inflammation are common in orthopedic patients and do not appear to be reduced in those randomized to atorvastatin. NCT02197065
Father Early Engagement Behaviors and Infant Low Birth Weight

Objective To examine the association of father early engagement behaviors and infant low birth weight (LBW) among unmarried, urban couples. Methods Participants were from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth-cohort study of urban families. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data from interviews with unmarried mothers and fathers (N = 2726) that took place at the time of their child’s birth. Early engagement behaviors were based on fathers’ self-report of whether during the pregnancy they gave mothers money to buy things for the baby, helped in other ways like providing transportation to prenatal clinics, and attended the birth. Results Most (68.9%) fathers engaged in all three early engagement behaviors; 22% engaged in 2 behaviors; and 9.1% engaged in 1 or 0 early engagement behaviors. LBW more than doubled when comparing infants of fathers who engaged in all three early engagement behaviors (9.6% predicted probability of LBW) to those fathers who engaged in no early engagement behaviors (over 22% predicted probability of LBW). Conclusion Infant and maternal health may benefit from intervention to encourage positive father engagement during pregnancy.
Formation of mucin granules

In this chapter, the formation of the mucin granule, the characteristic secretory granule found in mucus/goblet cells, is discussed in view of our knowledge on the structure and biosynthesis of gel-forming mucins, granule intraluminal organization and the theoretical framework provided by the main sorting/trafficking modelsthoughtto operate in the secretory pathway. Contrary to most reviews on intracellular trafficking, a soluble protein cargo, rather than membrane components, occupies the central stage of our discussion. Considering the large sizes and properties of mucin precursors, it is very difficult not to envision an active role for these macromolecules during its intracellular trafficking and storage.
A neurophysiologic model for aggressive behavior in the cat.

A neurophysiologic model for aggessive behavior in the cat is proposed. Stimulus-bound and seizure-bound aggression was evaluated in relation to limbic and basal ganglia induced seizures (after-discharges). Electrically induced limbic and basal ganglia afterdischarges were used because they are known to implicate septohypothalamic sites from which aggression can be elicited by direct stimulation. The occurrence of behavioral aggression is correlated with the discharge characteristics of a single discharging system and with two interacting discharging systems. Aggression is composed of autonomic and somato-motor components which poses relatively low and high thresholds, respectively, for their activation. Aggression occurring during a combined septum and amygdala discharge was more intense and prolonged than with a septum discharge alone. Participation of a slow frequency discharging basal ganglia system activated seizurebound aggression in an otherwise nonaggressive limbic seizure. The limbic and basal ganglia stimulations and after-discharges lowered the excitability threshold of the aggression system and made it more vulnerable to being activated by external stimuli, such as visual and auditory stimuli. These observations are reminiscent of patients with aggressive behavior associated with psychomotor seizures.