cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving spatial locality of programs via data mining

In most computer systems, page fault rate is currently minimized by generic page replacement algorithms which try to model the temporal locality inherent in programs. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, one greedy and the other stochastic, designed for program specific code restructuring as a means of increasing spatial locality within a program. Both algorithms effectively decrease average working set size and hence the page fault rate. Our methods are more effective than traditional approaches due to use of domain information. We illustrate the efficacy of our algorithms on actual data mining algorithms.
Safety of intravenous use of ketorolac in infants following cardiothoracic surgery.

Objectives To evaluate the impact of intravenous ketorolac on renal function and haematologic values in patients less than six months old following cardiothoracic surgery. Background Ketorolac is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for short term management of moderate to severe post-operative pain. Little data is available related to its safety in infants less than six months of age. Methods This was a retrospective, case-control chart review of 19 patients aged less than six months of age with biventricular circulations who received intravenous ketorolac following cardiothoracic surgery. They were compared with 19 age-matched control patients. Those with functionally univentricular anatomy were excluded due to their higher risk for renal impairment following surgery. Student's t-test was used to compare the incidence of renal impairment and haematologic complications between the groups, as well as the number of analgesic doses administered. Charts were reviewed for number of blood transfusions. Results Patients receiving intravenous ketorolac had no statistically significant changes in pre-operative versus post-treatment renal function or haematologic effects compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were detected for number of post-operative blood transfusions or additional analgesic administration between groups. Conclusions Intravenous ketorolac appears to be safe when used in infants less than six months of age with biventricular circulations following cardiothoracic surgery. Ketorolac as used in these patients does not decrease the use of standard analgesic therapy.
Nodaviruses of Insects

The study of nodaviruses began with the isolation of nodamura virus (NOV) from mosquitoes in 1956 (Scherer and Hurlbut, 1967; Scherer et al., 1968). The virus drew immediate attention because it uniquely combined the biological property of arthropod transmission to vertebrates with the physical property of resistance to lipid solvents, a characteristic that is now known to indicate the absence of a viral envelope. Molecular studies established that NOV was also unique in its genome structure: two molecules of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA copackaged in spherical virus particles (Fig. 1) (Newman and Brown, 1973, 1977; Clewley et al., 1982). Despite this combination of unusual features, however, the lack of a convenient cell culture system for growing NOV and the absence of antibodies to the virus in human sera, which suggested that it was not naturally transmitted to man, diverted most investigators to more pressing and tractable systems.
Robust stability of distributed parameter systems

The authors consider the robust stability problem for a class of uncertain distributed parameter systems where the characteristic equations involve a polytope P of quasipolynomials. Given a stability region D in the complex plane, the objective is to find a constructive technique for verifying whether all roots of every quasipolynomial in P belong to D (that is, to verify the D-stability of P). The first result is that, under a certain assumption on the stability region D, P is D-stable if and only if the edges of P are D-stable. Hence the D-stability problem of a high dimensional polytope is reduced to the D-stability problem of a finite number of pairwise convex combinations of vertices. The second result gives effective graphical tests for checking the D-stability of a polytope of quasipolynomials when the set D is any open left half plane. The graphical test is based on the frequency-response plots of some transfer functions associated with the vertices. >
Effects of Federal Risk Management Programs on Optimal Acreage Allocation and Nitrogen Use in a Texas Cotton-Sorghum System

We analyze the effects of crop insurance and the Marketing Loan Program on optimal nitrogen use and acreage allocation for a case cotton–sorghum farm in Texas. A mathematical programming model is used to solve for the optimal nitrogen fertilizer rate, crop acreage allocation, coverage level, and price election factor, along with participation in the crop insurance and the Marketing Loan Program for both crops. Results show that depending on the crop and farmer risk aversion, these federal risk management programs increase or decrease optimal fertilizer rates –6% to 3%, increase optimal cotton acreage 94% to 144%, and decrease sorghum acres up to 50%.
Reinforcing programming language concepts through implementation in a concept-based course

In this paper, we present an implementation-based programming assignment that illuminates the concept of type equivalence and that can be used in a concept-based approach to teaching programming languages.
Measurement of Myocardial Blood Flow in Animals and Man by Selective Injection of Radioactive Inert Gas into the Coronary Arteries

1. Human myocardial blood flow has been measured by the determination of precordial radioactivity after the injection of solutions of radioactive gas directly into the coronary arteries following coronary arteriography. 2. The accuracy of radioactive gas measurements has been established in dog experiments by comparison with coronary blood flow simultaneously measured by rotameter. 3. This method has two major advantages over the existing methods of measuring human myocardial blood flow. Firstly, the right and left coronary circulations can be studied separately, this being the only method whereby the right circulation can be studied in man. Secondly, anatomical and physiological correlations are readily available as arteriography is an essential feature of the method.
AEROSERVOELASTICITY IN COMPRESSIBLE FLOW AND ITS SCALING LAWS

Active flutter suppression of a two dimensional wing section in compressible flow is studied. The equations of motion of a typical section are presented in nondimensiona l form. A two degree of freedom problem, with pitch and plunge dynamics, combined with a trailing-edge control surface is considered. Aerodynamic loads for compressible flow, are expressed in time-domain using Roger's approximation. Linear optimal control is used to design a full-state feedback regulator for flutter suppression. Constraints on actuator deflection and rate limit the flutter envelope expansion. Aeroservoelastic scaling is addressed and scaling parameters required for maintaining similarity between a full-scale system and its model are identified. Results illustrate system behavior in subsonic flow. Approximate relations comparing an actively controlled flap with a twisted wing section, using piezoelectric actuation, are obtained and used to compare the performance of these two systems. Suboptimal aeroservoelastic control algorithms for cases with control saturation are also addressed in a preliminary manner.
Monitoring And Error Recovery For Autonomous Walking

Robot systems require extreme self- reliance to successfully engage in long-term au- tonomous operation. This paper describes techniques developed to provide the necessary reliability for the Ambler, a six-legged robot designed for planetary ex- ploration. The approach utilizes the Task Control Architecture to incrementally add monitoring and er- ror recovery strategies without having to modify the basic walking competence of the robot. Deliberative and reactive behaviors are combined to deal with the challenges of efficiency and safety imposed by plane- tary missions. Experimental results of long-term au- tonomous walking in rough terrain are presented.
Distinct Domains of Musk Mediate Its Abilities to Induce and to Associate with Postsynaptic Specializations

Agrin released from motor nerve terminals activates a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) in muscle cells to trigger formation of the skeletal neuromuscular junction. A key step in synaptogenesis is the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the postsynaptic membrane, a process that requires the AChR-associated protein, rapsyn. Here, we mapped domains on MuSK necessary for its interactions with agrin and rapsyn. Myotubes from MuSK−/− mutant mice form no AChR clusters in response to agrin, but agrin-responsiveness is restored by the introduction of rat MuSK or a Torpedo orthologue. Thus, MuSK−/− myotubes provide an assay system for the structure–function analysis of MuSK. Using this system, we found that sequences in or near the first of four extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains in MuSK are required for agrin responsiveness, whereas sequences in or near the fourth immunoglobulin-like domain are required for interaction with rapsyn. Analysis of the cytoplasmic domain revealed that a recognition site for the phosphotyrosine binding domain–containing proteins is essential for MuSK activity, whereas consensus binding sites for the PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1-like domain–containing proteins and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase are dispensable. Together, our results indicate that the ectodomain of MuSK mediates both agrin- dependent activation of a complex signal transduction pathway and agrin-independent association of the kinase with other postsynaptic components. These interactions allow MuSK not only to induce a multimolecular AChR-containing complex, but also to localize that complex to a primary scaffold in the postsynaptic membrane.
Topiramate Extends the Therapeutic Window for Hypothermia-Mediated Neuroprotection After Stroke in Neonatal Rats

Background and Purpose—Critical factors influencing the neuroprotective efficacy of postischemic hypothermia include depth, duration, and time of onset of cooling. In clinical practice, there is an unavoidable lag between the hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult and the opportunity to initiate cooling. We hypothesized that early administration of a neuroprotective agent in combination with later-onset cooling could represent an effective therapeutic intervention after neonatal HI. We evaluated whether treatment with topiramate, a clinically available anticonvulsant, increased the efficacy of delayed post-HI hypothermia in a neonatal rat stroke model. Methods—Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats underwent right carotid artery ligation followed by 1.5 hours of exposure to 8% oxygen. Fifteen minutes post-HI, animals received injections of topiramate (30 mg/kg) or PBS. Cooling was initiated 3 hours later (“delayed hypothermia”) in all animals (3 hours, in 27°C incubator). Functional outcome (forepaw response to vibrissae stimulation) and pathology (morphometric lesion measurements) were evaluated at P15 and P35. Results—Neither topiramate nor delayed hypothermia alone conferred protection in this protocol. Combined treatment with topiramate and delayed hypothermia improved both performance and pathological outcome in P15 and P35 rats compared with PBS-treated animals that underwent delayed hypothermia concurrently. At P15, functional measures were better in topiramate-treated animals (mean correct forepaw response 9.3/10 versus 4.8/10; P0.001), and there was 50% reduction in tissue loss (P0.001); trends were similar at P35. Conclusions—Our data provide the impetus for further evaluation of therapeutic approaches that combine drug therapy with delayed-onset cooling after neonatal HI brain injury. (Stroke. 2004;35:1460-1465.)
Lessons from a review of publications in three health promotion journals from 1989 to 1994.

A thematic analysis was undertaken of 72 editorials in three leading health promotion journals, Health Education Research: Theory & Practice, Health Education Quarterly and Health Promotion International, from 1989 to 1994. The three main themes which emerged were (1) the need to broaden health promotion interventions, (2) the need to promote rigour and professionalism in the discipline of health promotion, and (3) the need to respond to the information requirements of practitioners . Against this context, we conducted a content analysis of the journals, examining the nature of the 649 peer-reviewed publications in the same time period. Categories from the traditional bio-medical 'stages of research' models had to be adapted before full
Analytical approach for the exact phase noise analysis of oscillators

The output noise power spectral density of a class of oscillators is calculated analytically and exactly. An example is shown as an illustration. The analytical results derived here agree with measurements and simulations published elsewhere.
Strickler–Berg analysis of excited singlet state dynamics in DNA and RNA nucleosides

The excited singlet state lifetime of the ribonucleoside uridine was found to be 210 ± 30 fs by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. This value is considerably shorter than all previous time-domain measurements. This result and our previous lifetime measurements [see J.-M. L. Pecourt, J. Peon and B. Kohler, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 10 370] for the other common nucleosides are compared with lifetimes calculated from available photophysical data using the Strickler–Berg (SB) equation. The calculated lifetimes for pyrimidine nucleosides are 10–25% lower than the lifetimes measured in femtosecond transient absorption experiments. For the purine nucleosides, guanosine and adenosine, consideration of just the lowest 1π → π* transition led to predicted lifetimes that are three times greater than experimental ones. On the other hand, inclusion of both of the lowest energy 1π → π* absorption bands in the SB equation resulted in much better agreement with the experimental values. This suggests that both 1ππ* states of the purine nucleosides contribute to their emission. Decay by the bright 1ππ* state (or states, in the case of the purines) is believed to be responsible for the experimentally observed lifetimes.
Reliability of 24-h void frequency as an index of hydration status when euhydrated and hypohydrated

Reliability of 24-h void frequency as an index of hydration status when euhydrated and hypohydrated
Robust multi-target tracking in outdoor traffic scenarios via persistence topology based robust motion segmentation

In this paper, we present a motion segmentation based robust multi-target tracking technique for on-road obstacles. Our approach uses depth imaging information, and integrates persistence topology for segmentation and min-max network flow for tracking. To reduce time as well as computational complexity, the max flow problem is solved using a dynamic programming algorithm. We classify the sensor reading into regions of stationary and moving parts by aligning occupancy maps obtained from the disparity images and then, incorporate Kalman filter in the network flow algorithm to track the moving objects robustly. Our algorithm has been tested on several real-life stereo datasets and the results show that there is an improvement by a factor of three on robustness when comparing performance with and without the topological persistent detections. We also perform measurement accuracy of our algorithm using popular evaluation metrics for segmentation and tracking, and the results look promising.
"Cognitive" memory

Regarding the workings of the human mind, memory and pattern recognition seem to be intertwined. You generally do not have one without the other. Taking inspiration from life experience, a new form of computer memory has been devised. It has been used successfully in diverse applications such as visual aircraft identification, aircraft navigation, and human facial recognition. Other uses are being explored. The basic idea has many new areas of application.
Study of Energy Contributions in Granular Materials During Impact

A drop-tower experimental setup was developed for the impact testing of 2D assembly of cylinders and 3D assembly of spheres with impactor velocity of around 6 m/s. This drop tower setup was used to load 2D granular assembly of polyurethane cylinders of 1″–1.25″ length with three different diameters of 1/4″, 3/8″ and 1/2″. A high speed camera was used for recording the images at speeds between 10,000 and 50,000 fps to monitor the deformation of the cylinders. The inter-particle forces in these experiments were calculated using a GEM based force inference technique. The resultant force networks in the granular assemblies were then qualitatively compared to the acceleration fields and strain fields observed during the experiments at different time instants. The conservation of energy was used to plot the evolution of energy components like kinetic energy, strain energy, friction and dissipative components during impact experiments.
Recombinant adenovirus expressing adeno-associated virus cap and rep proteins supports production of high-titer recombinant adeno-associated virus

It has been difficult to produce a chimeric vector containing both Ad and AAV rep and cap, and to grow such chimeric vectors in 293 cells. By recombination in vitro in a bacterial host, we were able to produce recombinant plasmid AdAAV (pAdAAVrep-cap), which could be used to generate recombinant AdAAV (rAdAAVrep-cap) after transfection into 293 cells. A recombinant adenovirus, rAdAAVGFP, in which the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene is flanked by the AAV terminal repeats cloned into the E1-deleted site of Ad was also generated. Co-infection of rAdAAVrep-cap together with rAdAAVGFP into 293 cells resulted in production of high titers of rAAV expressing GFP. It was noted that the titer of rAdAAVrep-cap was lower than the titer of control AdCMVLacZ. The lower titer of rAdAAvrep-cap was associated with expression of Rep protein. Non-homologous recombination occurs after high passage and results in deletions within the AAV rep genes. These results indicate that (1) rAdAAVrep-cap can be produced; (2) rAdAAVrep-cap + rAdAAVGFP is a convenient and efficient way to transfect 293 cells to grow high titer rAAV; and (3) frozen stock is required to avoid propagation of rep-deleted pAdAAVrep-cap.
Investigation Report of High-risk Areas of Iodine Deficiency Disease in Haojiang District of Shantou City

[Objective]To investigate the status of the high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Haojiang District of Shantou City,and provide scientific evidence for carrying out the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders. [Methods]Three subdistricts(towns) were randomly selected in Haojiang District of Shantou City to find suspected dementia patients.Eighty children aged 8~10 years were investigated in every selected subdistrict.The thyroid volume,and urinary iodine of the children were examined.Forty women were investigated in every selected town.The iodine content of salt from their home and urinary iodine was measured.The thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasound.Urinary iodine was determined by using the acid digest arsenic-cerium spectrophotometry,and iodized salt was detected using direct titration method [Results]The rates of goiter by B-ultrasound were 2.96%(7/240).The median of urinary iodine of children and women was 177.0 μg/L and 159.5 μg/L,respectively.The coverage rate of iodine salt among residents was 97.5%(117/120). [Conclusion]The iodine nutrition of children and women is good,and without cretinism in Haojiang District.So that Haojiang District is not high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disease.
Chronic lung disease in very low birth weight infants: Persistence and improvement of a quality improvement process in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective We previously demonstrated a significant reduction in our incidence of chronic lung disease in our NICU using potentially better practices of avoiding delivery room endotracheal intubation and using early nasal CPAP. We sought to demonstrate whether these improvements were sustained and or improved over time. Study design We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of infants 501-1500 grams born at our hospital between 2005 and 2013. Infants born during the 2005-2007, 2008-2010 and 2011-2013 epochs were grouped together, respectively. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the number and percent of maternal and neonatal characteristics by year grouping. Chi-squared tests were used to determine whether there were any statistically significant changes in characteristics across year groupings.. Two outcome variables were assessed: a diagnosis of chronic lung disease based on the Vermont Oxford Network definition and being discharged home on supplemental oxygen. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in the incidence of chronic lung disease in infants below 27 weeks' gestation in the three year period in the 2011-2013 cohort compared with those in the 2005-2007 cohort. We also found a statistically significant improvement in the number of infants discharged on home oxygen with birth weights 751-1000 grams and infants with gestational age less than 27 weeks in the 2011-2013 cohort compared to the 2005-2007 cohort. Conclusions We demonstrated sustained improvement in our incidence of CLD between 2005 and 2013. We speculate that a multifaceted strategy of avoiding intubation and excessive oxygen in the delivery room, the early use of CPAP, as well as the use of volume targeted ventilation, when needed, may help significantly reduce the incidence of CLD.
Petromyopia: Oil and the Energy Humanities

Oil is currently over-represented in the energy humanities, a state of affairs I describe as petromyopia. While oil constitutes a vital source of energy in the modern world, focusing too heavily on petroleum can distract scholars from giving proper attention to other aspects of the social and cultural dimensions of energy. The goal of this article is to encourage those in the energy humanities to cast a broader net in their analyses and recognize the full diversity of energy systems in their scholarship.
An Agent-Based Architecture for Sensor Data Collection and Reasoning in Smart Home Environments for Independent Living

There has been a tremendous growth in new sensor technology and wireless, handheld computing devices that give rise to new opportunities for smart home applications. With advances in the technology, reduced costs of operation, and the ubiquity of WiFi and cellular networks, the reach and value of smart home technology is growing giving rise to applications of smart home systems to support independent living of the elderly. Such systems must collect and analyze data in the home to recognize unusual activities and alert care givers and/or family members in emergency situations. To address this challenge we developed a flexible and scalable multi-agent system for sensor data collection, integration, processing, and alert management. A prototype system for activity recognition has been built and preliminary tests demonstrate that activities can be successfully recognized based on data captured in the home. As a next step, the sensor network will be deployed in an inpatient residence facility to collect real-world data for evaluating the system's performance and to develop new applications.
The DISINFECT Initiative: Decreasing the Incidence of Surgical INFECTions in Gynecologic Oncology

Surgical site infections (SSIs) lead to increased patient morbidity and healthcare costs. Our objective was to decrease the SSI rate following gynecologic surgery. Adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery for gynecologic malignancy or benign disease received the following: patient education; preoperative antibacterial soap; appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis; change of gloves and use of clean instruments at surgical closure; surgical dressing for 48 h; and a post-discharge phone call. The baseline SSI rate was determined retrospectively (1 April 2014–30 June 2014), while the post-intervention SSI rate was determined prospectively (16 February 2015–15 October 2015). The main outcome was the overall SSI rate with secondary outcomes, including the rate of superficial, deep, incisional and organ space infection, as well as the cost effectiveness of the bundle. A total of 232 baseline and 555 post-intervention patients were included in the study. No differences were observed between the baseline and post-intervention groups with regard to median body mass index (BMI), surgical approach, receipt of preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, and cases including bowel surgery. Overall, the SSI rate decreased significantly from baseline [12.5 %] to post-intervention [7.4 %] (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 90 % confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.85; p = 0.01). A 40 % decrease was noted in the rate of superficial and deep infections (9.5 vs. 5.9 %; OR 0.60, 90 % CI 0.38–0.97; p = 0.04) and SSIs after open surgery (21.4 vs. 13.2 %; OR 0.56, 90 % CI 0.34–0.92; p = 0.03). The estimated cost of the intervention was $19.26/case and the net total amount saved during the post-intervention period was $65,625 month. This bundled intervention led to a significant decrease in the overall SSI rate and was cost effective. The largest decreases in SSIs were in incisional infections and following open surgery.
Economics in the Public Service: Papers in Honor of Walter W. Heller

(1984). Economics in the Public Service: Papers in Honor of Walter W. Heller. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 947-950.
Multiple Cause of Loss of Recombinant Erythropoietin Efficacy: Physicians Beware.

Introduction: Loss of response to recombinant erythropoietin is a rare event typically seen only in the setting of iron deficiency or serious blood dyscrasia. In 2004, the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports group reported on 191 cases of antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) primarily associated with the human albumin free formulation of Eprex. There were no reports of loss of response to darbepoetin alfa at that time. Since 2004, additional causes of loss of efficacy of epoetin therapy have been identified or described in detail. Methods: Data were obtained from the FDA’s adverse event reporting system (AERS), and published literature, both medical and non-medical. Results: In the AERS system, we found nine reports of patients who developed anti-erythropoietin antibodies after exposure to darbepoetin alfa, seven of which occurred after recent exposure to Eprex. All of these patients received darbepoetin alfa for the anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also identified eight cases of loss of efficacy due to counterfeit epoetin in the literature and AERS reports. All of these patients received epoetin alfa for an indication other than anemia of CKD. Of the seven counterfeit cases found in AERS, five were reported by pharmacists, one by a consumer, and one by a nurse. In contrast, more than 90% of the 191 initial cases of antibody-mediated PRCA and all 9 cases associated with darbepoietin alfa were reported by physicians. Three cases of exposure to counterfeit epoetin in our series were linked to a single counterfeit supplier. Only two of these three cases were found in AERS out of an estimated 25,000–75,000 patients exposed to epoetin vials from that counterfeit supplier, for a reporting rate of less than 1/12,000 (.01%). This is lower than the estimated reporting rate for all adverse events of 1% to 10%, and markedly lower than the 90% or greater estimated reporting rate for antibody associated PRCA. Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of multiple the multiple possible etiologies for decreased recombinant erythropoietin efficacy, including the possible link between darbepoetin alfa and antibody mediated PRCA in patients with CKD. In addition, loss of efficacy related to counterfeit recombinant erythropoietin should be considered, especially in patients with anemia from conditions other than CKD. Underreporting of counterfeit epoetin exposure occurred despite the fact that “dear doctor” warning letters were sent to physicians at the time of two major counterfeit events. Unlike the warning letters for antibody-mediated PRCA, these letters did not contain information about clinical signs and symptoms that could be observed or elicited from patient history. In the future, warning letters for counterfeit pharmaceutical products should describe the potential clinical effects of the counterfeit medications in an effort to improve reporting and tracking of counterfeit medications through AERS.
Scheduling Combined Unicast and Multicast Traffic in WDM Networks

We study the performance of various strategies for scheduling a combined load of unicast and multicast traffic in a broadcast WDM network. The performance measure of interest is schedule length, which directly affects both aggregate network throughput and average packet delay. Three different scheduling strategies are presented, namely: separate scheduling of unicast and multicast traffic, treating multicast traffic as a number of unicast messages, and treating unicast traffic as multicasts of size one. The strategies are compared against each other using extensive simulation experiments in order to establish the regions of operation, in terms of a number of relevant system parameters, for which each strategy performs best. Our main conclusions are as follows. Multicast traffic can be treated as unicast traffic under very limited circumstances. On the other hand, treating unicast traffic as multicast traffic produces short schedules in most cases. Alternatively, scheduling and transmitting each traffic component separately is also a good choice.
Tremor Secondary to a Thalamic Glioma: A Case Report

Background and importance Tremor is the most prevalent movement disorder. While the exact pathophysiology remains to be elucidated, the importance of the thalamus in tremor circuitry is well recognized. Thalamic lesions from demyelination, trauma, ischemia, or neoplasm rarely cause isolated tremor. We report the case of a patient presenting with a tremor secondary to a thalamic grade II astrocytoma that improved with treatment. Clinical presentation A 50-yr-old male presented with a 1-yr history of right-hand tremor. The presence of long tract signs prompted imaging that revealed a lesion within the left thalamus. Stereotactic biopsy revealed a World Health Organization grade II astrocytoma. Prior to biopsy, the patient's tremor was graded using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. Immediately postoperatively the patient remained at his neurological baseline without improvement in his tremor. Subsequent fractionated radiotherapy with concomitant temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide led to radiographic response as well as clinical improvement. The patient reported less tremor, which was confirmed objectively with improved Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor scores at 6 and 12 mo postoperatively. Conclusion This case of a thalamic glioma presenting with isolated contralateral tremor highlights the role of the thalamus in the development of tremor. Moreover, this particular case contrasts with other published reports on the lack of additional symptoms and tremor response to chemoradiation.
How Far Does the Covenant Run? Covenants that Run with the Land in Oil and Gas Transactions

This chapter reviews, in the context of general real property law in the United States, the definition and historical development of covenants running with the land, and then shows how these are applied in oil and gas transactions.The first section of this chapter defines and distinguishes covenants running with the land and describes their legal history. The next section analyzes the incidents of covenants running with the land, with special emphasis on the rules governing assignability of covenant burdens and benefits. The following section discusses how the running of covenants is affected by whether the transfer of the interest is characterized as an assignment or a sublease. Then, how the rules for running of covenants generally are applied in oil and gas transactions is shown, followed by a summary and conclusions.
Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Processes Influence What Children Remember About Their Emotional Experiences

Little work has tested how emotion regulation (ER) processes influence children's memory for negative experiences. We investigated how two intrapersonal ER processes (affect-biased attention and changes in negative feelings) predicted children's (N = 184, 93 girls, ages 3-11) memory. Recall of a sad or scary film was tested after a delay. The way discrete emotional information was remembered varied with ER and children's age. Older children with greater affect-biased attention or less reduction of fear demonstrated privileged memory for central information from the scary film. Older children with greater affect-biased attention but greater reductions in sadness recalled more from the sad film overall. Findings suggest ER processes should be considered when examining children's memory for negative emotional information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
A Systematic Review of Interventions for Sexual Well-Being in Women With Gynecologic, Anal, or Rectal Cancer.

Problem identification Treatments for cancer in the lower pelvis often cause lasting effects on women's sexual well-being. The purpose of this review is to describe interventions to improve sexual well-being in gynecologic, anal, or rectal cancer survivors. Literature search This review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 checklist and guidelines. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL®, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Data evaluation Articles were original intervention research studies of women treated for gynecologic, anal, or rectal cancer and included sexual well-being outcomes. Study characteristics were extracted and compared in a table for analysis and synthesis. Synthesis Of the 16 included studies, 1 focused on genitourinary rehabilitation, 12 focused on psychoeducational interventions, and 3 focused on combination interventions. Most interventions reported at least one positive sexual well-being outcome. Intervention format, delivery, dose, and outcome variables varied widely. Implications for research Preliminary efficacy and feasibility of interventions are promising, but larger studies designed to discern optimal content, delivery format, dose, and timing are needed.
The Role of Systematic and Targeted Biopsies in Light of Overlap on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy.

Abstract Background The value of a systematic biopsy in men with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–visible regions of interest (ROIs) undergoing fusion biopsy (FBx) is unclear. Objective To determine the utility of concurrent systematic biopsy with ROI biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC). Design, setting, and participants Retrospective study of 240 men who underwent FBx with the Artemis platform. Software captured biopsy distribution maps. Biopsy distribution maps were reviewed to determine which systematic cores overlapped with the ROI. Histopathology for overlapping systematic cores were reclassified as ROI cores. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Detection of CSPC on true systematic biopsy was the outcome measured. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine if age, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, prior biopsy status, and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System categorization were associated with CSPC detection and Gleason grade upgrading on systematic biopsy. Results and limitations The median number of systematic cores overlapping with ROIs was 2 (interquartile range 1–2). After accounting for overlap, 14 men (5.8%) had a higher Gleason grade on systematic biopsy. Of these, seven (2.9%) were upgraded from benign and three (1.3%) from clinically insignificant cancer on systematic biopsy. In adjusted analysis, prior negative biopsy (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.99; p = 0.046) was associated with absence of CSPC on systematic biopsy, while age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.21; p = 0.015) was associated with upgrading. Limitations include the retrospective data and the use of a single biopsy platform. Conclusions Detection of CSPC on systematic biopsy that might influence clinical decision-making is uncommon in men undergoing FBx. In men with a prior negative biopsy, a target-only FBx strategy could be considered because of the low yield on systematic biopsy. Patient summary We found that random prostate sampling adds little diagnostic value in men who are undergoing a targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions found on imaging, especially for men who have had a prior negative biopsy.
Discontinuous Time Changes and Duality for Markov Processes

The purpose of this paper is to continue work on discontinuous time changes of dual Markov processes begun in [6], where time changes based on discontinuous natural additive functionals were discussed. Both continuous and discontinuous natural time changes share the features (i) dual time changes (i.e., based on dual additive functionals) preserve duality, (ii) the new duality measure of the time changed processes is constructed from the Revuz measure of the time changing additive functionals. In this paper, we consider the general case of time changes based on additive functionals which have a quasi-left-continuous purely discontinuous component, and present for them a time changing procedure which possesses features (i) and (ii) above.
Progeria and accelerated cardiovascular aging

Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS) is characterized by accelerated aging leading to death in the teen years, usually due to severe coronary and/or carotid disease. The clinical presentation includes stunted growth, alopecia, loss of subcutaneous fat, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disorders occurring in late childhood and the teen years including hypertension and accelerated vascular aging that precipitates myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular attacks. The disease is a nuclear laminopathy, due to a Lmna gene mutation. The aberrant protein (Progerin) accumulates in and distorts the nuclear envelope. We review the genetic and biochemical mechanism of HGPS; the clinical presentation with special attention to the cardiovascular pathology and complications; current therapeutic developments to address the disease; and the results of the clinical trials attempting to translate basic research insights into therapeutic benefit. An understanding of HGPS may lead to better treatment of other age-related disorders, particularly cardiovascular diseases.
Video Self-modeling as a Reading Fluency Intervention for Dual Language Learners with Disabilities

Video self-modeling (VSM) is an evidence-based intervention for teaching new behaviors that is effective, engaging, and incorporates digital technology. While its utility has been well explored to develop new communication and/or social skills for students with disabilities, fewer studies have examined its use for reading fluency with diverse learners, including those with severe reading deficits, older students, and dual language learners (DLL). The implications of poorly developed reading fluency are serious, and unfortunately, impact many students in today’s schools. Educators must find ways to actively engage students in fluency interventions that are evidence-based, build on their strengths, yet are also feasible to implement. The current study employs a multiple baseline design to evaluate the impact of VSM on oral reading fluency, reading errors, and reading self-concept with three seventh-grade DLL students with special needs. Results showed increases in the average number of correct words per minute on familiar passages, and a consistent reduction in errors across participants on familiar and unfamiliar passages. The average effect size (percent of non-overlapping data) across all participants was .78, suggesting that VSM may be an effective intervention for older learners, as well as for DLLs with disabilities.
AMASS PLL: An Active-Mixer-Adopted Sub-Sampling PLL Achieving an FOM of −255.5DB and a Reference Spur of −66.6DBC

An active-mixer-adopted sub-sampling (AMASS) PLL is presented that replaces the passive-mixer-like sample-and-hold switches and charge-pump of a sub-sampling PLL with an active-mixer and gm-cell, which reduces spurious content by 20dB while enabling sub-mW power consumption. Fabricated in 65nm, the AMASS PLL achieves an RMS jitter of 174fs from 10kHz to 100MHz with a spur of −66.6 dBc, all at a power of 0.93mW, for an FOM of −255.5dB.
Imported Inputs and Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment

This paper considers how input market liberalization affects host country productivity spillovers from multinational corporation (MNC) investments. The standard “Backward Linkage” measure used to estimate technology and learning spillovers to local upstream suppliers — pioneered by Javorcik (2004) and replicated across several influential papers — implicitly assumes domestic and foreign firms share the same input structure. I show that this assumption constitutes an omitted variable bias of imported inputs in TFP spillover estimation. Using a novel Colombian firm panel that isolates imported from domestic inputs, mean backward linkage productivity spillovers reduce in half when the share of locally sourced inputs is adjusted to reflect MNCs’ observably higher propensity to import inputs. However in some industries, productivity spillovers increase in response to the adjustment. I demonstrate that the sign and magnitude of this bias are proportional to the elasticity of substitution between imported and domestic inputs. The results highlight how input market liberalization (usually associated with increased FDI inflows) can have important feedback effects on local productivity spillovers from MNCs.
Examining the "Global" Language of Emojis: Designing for Cultural Representation

Emojis are becoming an increasingly popular mode of communication between individuals worldwide, with researchers claiming them to be a type of "ubiquitous language'' that can span different languages due to its pictorial nature. Our study uses a combination of methods to examine how emojis are adopted and perceived by individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds and 45 countries. Our survey and interview findings point to the existence of a cultural gap between user perceptions and the current emoji standard. Using participatory design, we sought to address this gap by designing 40 emojis and conducted another survey to evaluate their acceptability compared to existing Japanese emojis. We also draw on participant observation from a Unicode Consortium meeting on emoji addition. Our analysis leads us to discuss how emojis might be made more inclusive, diverse, and representative of the populations that use them.
Temperature dependent resonant microwave absorption in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy epitaxial films of a spinel ferrite

We report on the temperature (T), magnetic field (μ0H), and angle (Θ, Φ) dependent resonant absorption of X-band microwaves in spinel ferrite epitaxial films subjected to two distinct states of growth strain. The polar angle (Θ) dependence of the resonance field (Hres) in films with ∼0.5% ab-plane expanded unit cell establishes a distinct perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The anisotropy field (Han┴) for Θ = 0° increases monotonically on lowering the temperature from 300 K to 90 K following the behavior of the saturation magnetization (Ms) keeping Han┴/Ms ≈ 1. The narrow resonance linewidth (μ0ΔHres┴ = 3.7 mT at 300 K) and its negligible (±0.3 mT) variation with temperature establish the magnetic softness of these PMA films. The dependence of Hres on Θ, Φ, and T in films subjected to compressive stress shows in-plane cubic anisotropy whose strength is nonmonotonic in temperature. The ∼2.0% compression of the unit cell basal plane also appears to accentuate noncollinearity of sublattice magnetization of such films as indicated by the T-dependence of ΔHres. The thicker films with PMA display spin wave resonances whose position allows determination of the spin wave stiffness constant together with independent determination of Han┴. The resonance characteristics of the PMA films qualify them as potential candidates for frequency agile microwave devices and magnonic circuit elements.
A rapid screen of broth enrichments for Salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium by Using an allelotyping multiplex PCR that targets O- and H-antigen alleles.

Salmonella continues to cause significant foodborne outbreaks, best illustrated with recent outbreaks associated with peanut butter, raw tomatoes, and serrano peppers. To ascertain the likely source of the outbreak, bacterial typing is essential to this process. While PCR has become an important detection tool for pathogens in foods, PCR can also identify strain differences by targeting gene(s) or sequences exhibiting polymorphisms or variability in its distribution within the bacterial population. Over 2,500 Salmonella enterica serovars identified based on antigenic differences in lipopolysaccharide and flagellin have been identified to date. We developed an allelotyping PCR scheme that identifies the O and H alleles associated with S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and others, with the same antigen alleles but in different O- and H-allele combinations (e.g., S. enterica Kentucky), and validated it as a screen to identify samples contaminated with these Salmonella serovars...
Temporal trends in breast cancer survival by race and ethnicity: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction Differences in breast cancer survival by race and ethnicity are often assumed to be a fairly recent phenomenon, and are hypothesized to have arisen due to gaps in receipt of screening or therapy. The emergence of these differences in calendar time have implications for identification of their origin. We sought to determine whether breast cancer survival differences by race or ethnicity arose in tandem with the advent of screening or therapeutic advances. Materials and methods A cohort of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1975–2009 in 18 population-based registries were followed for five-year breast cancer cause-specific survival. Differences in survival according to race/ethnicity and estrogen receptor status were quantified in Cox proportional hazards models, with estimation of hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and absolute risk differences. For 2010, we also assessed differences in survival by breast cancer subtypes defined by hormone receptor and Her2/neu status. Results Among over 930,000 women, initial differences in five-year breast cancer-specific survival by race became apparent among 1975–1979 diagnoses and continued to be evident, with stronger disparities apparent in those of Black vs. White Non-Hispanic (WNH) race and among estrogen-receptor positive vs. negative disease. Within breast cancer subtype, all included race/ethnic groups experienced disparate survival in comparison with WNH women for triple-negative disease. Black women had a consistent gap in absolute survival of .10-.12, compared with WNH women, from 1975–1979 through all included time periods, such that 5- year survival of Black women diagnosed in 2005–09 lagged more than 20 years behind that of WNH women. Discussion Survival differed by race for diagnoses that predate the introduction of mammographic screening and most therapeutic advances. Absolute differences in survival by race and ethnicity have remained almost constant over 40 years of observation, suggesting early origins for some contributors.