cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age Differences in Source Monitoring of Performed and Imagined Actions on Immediate and Delayed Tests.

Abstract Internal source monitoring and internal-external reality monitoring of actions were compared in kindergartners and fourth graders. Naturalistic action vignettes were developed to involve or not involve interaction with a confederate. Children were asked to recognize the actions and identify the origins either immediately or after a 2-week delay. Those tested immediately received a second repeated test at the 2-week delay. Fourth graders discriminated source better than kindergartners in both source monitoring conditions. Discrimination of performed actions was consistently superior to imagined actions. The immediate test and the repeated test were each superior to the delayed test in discrimination of source, suggesting that children could be "inoculated" against losses in source monitoring capabilities. Applications to the reliability of children′s legal testimony are discussed.
Ionizing space radiation effects on surface acoustic wave resonators

Two available types of single pole 199 MHz SAW resonators were irradiated to determine space radiation performance, some fabricated on air-swept 40 degrees Y-rotated quartz substrate, and some fabricated on non-swept quartz. In addition, some of the resonators on non-swept quartz were coated with 400 AA RF sputtered layer of SiO/sub x/. It was found that sensitivity to radiation is substrate material dependent, with pure substrates showing less radiation degradation in performance. An unexpected reduction in sensitivity was found for the coated devices. >
Problems of forest management in Russia

Radical political and economic changes in Russia have been accompanied by reforms with regards to the legislative base, the system of forest management and formulation of new forest policy. This paper presents a brief analysis of recently adopted forest legislation and the problems that exist in forest management, forest utilisation, protection and regeneration of forest resources. Lack of co-ordination of federal and regional legislation and the resolution of a number of questions that have significance with regards to development of the forest sector are discussed. The main focus is on improvements to the legislative base and the organisational structure of forest management during the transition to a market-based economy. The primary issues include: (1) determination of the forms of forest ownership and differentiation of the forest fund by forms of property; (2) differentiation of the jurisdiction of federal, regional and local authorities in the regulation of forest relationships; (3) reconciliation of the economics of forest management with methods of national regulation, and (4) determination of sources and mechanisms for forestry financing. Improvement and maintenance of forest sector information databases are considered prerequisites for the development of forest management and forest policy in Russia.
Dopamine gating of glutamatergic sensorimotor and incentive motivational input signals to the striatum

Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) respond to a wide category of salient stimuli. Activation of SN and VTA DA neurons, and consequent release of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA, modulates the processing of concurrent glutamate inputs to dorsal and ventral striatal target regions. According to the view described here, this occurs under conditions of unexpected environmental change regardless of whether that change is rewarding or aversive. Nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA activity gates the input of sensory, motor, and incentive motivational (e.g. reward) signals to the striatum. In light of recent single-unit and brain imaging data, it is suggested that the striatal reward signals originate in the orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala (BLA), regions that project strongly to the striatum. A DA signal of salient unexpected event occurrence, from this framework, gates the throughput of the orbitofrontal glutamate reward input to the striatum just as it gates the throughput of corticostriatal sensory and motor signals needed for normal response execution. Processing of these incoming signals is enhanced when synaptic DA levels are high, because DA enhances the synaptic efficacy of strong concurrent glutamate inputs while reducing the efficacy of weak glutamate inputs. The impairments in motor performance and incentive motivational processes that follow from nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA loss can be understood in terms of a single mechanism: abnormal processing of sensorimotor and incentive motivation-related glutamate input signals to the striatum.
Dominance, precedence, and parameterization

Abstract This paper poses and offers a solution for a hitherto unnoticed theoretical problem: why is parameterization not claimed for dominance-mediated relations and predicates as it is for precedence-mediated relations and predicates? The discussion takes places within the formal theory of phrase markers (PMs). Specifically, a novel argument is given that dominance is the only formal primitive for PMs and that precedence is not a formal primitive for PMs. This asymmetry is then seen to explain the original theoretical problem. The discussion throughout is theoretical, not analytic, in that natural language examples play no role (though one example is cited illustratively).
Absorption cross sections and Auger recombination lifetimes in inverted core-shell nanocrystals: Implications for lasing performance

We study inverted core-shell nanocrystals (NCs), in which a core of a wide-gap semiconductor (ZnSe) is overcoated with a shell of a narrower gap material (CdSe). Depending on the core radius and the shell thickness, these NCs can exhibit either type-I or type-II behavior. We show that these heterostructures can be used to significantly increase the absorption cross sections and simultaneously decrease the efficiency of Auger recombination compared to monocomponent CdSe NCs emitting at the same wavelength. These properties enhance the lasing performance of inverted core-shell structures and allow, in particular, efficient amplified spontaneous emission in the range of blue colors.
Water Pipe Smoking Among the Young: The Rebirth of an Old Tradition

Tobacco use, primarily cigarette smoking is the second most preventable cause of death and disability in the world.1 In the United States (U.S.), it is the number one most preventable cause, being responsible for about 1 in 5 (or approximately 443,000) deaths each year.2 An estimated 49,000 of these deaths are related to secondhand smoke exposure.3 Cigarette smoking costs this nation more than $193 billion annually (ie, $97 billion for lost productivity and $96,000 in health care expenditures) with additional costs for secondhand smoke health problems at more than $10 million.4 On average, male smokers shorten their lives by 13.2 years, and female smokers lose 14.5 years.5 In addition to the burden of cigarette smoking is the growing use of other tobacco products, such as chewing tobacco, cigars, moist and dry snuff, and water pipe smoking.6
Phenethyl propionate, a potent new attractant for Japanese beetles.

Twenty-three chemicals that included structural features of phenethyl butyrate or methyl cyclohexanepropionate were tested in combination with eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) (9:1) as attractants for Popillia japonica Newman. Thirteen were more attractive than the present standard, phenethyl buytrate + eugenol (9:1). The best lure, phenethyl propionate + eugenol was as much as 8.7 times more attractive than the standard and 2.4 times more attractive than methyl cyclohexanepropionate + eugenol. It is also about 5 times longer lasting than methyl cyclohexanepropionate.
Amino acid levels in the guinea pig spinal gray matter after axotomy of primary sensory and descending tracts

This study attempts to determine if the axonal endings of dorsal root sensory fibers and of descending axons to the spinal gray matter in the guinea pig store glutamate and/or aspartate. Bilateral dorsal rhizotomy (spinal segments C5-T1) and partial cordotomy (segment C5, right side) were used to interrupt primary sensory and descending tracts, respectively. At 1 and 2 days after surgery, amino acid levels were determined in regions microdissected from areas of the gray matter of spinal segment C7 that receive heavy projections from the primary sensory and the descending tracts. These regions were identified by visualizing the degeneration of axons and their terminal fields in silver-impregnated light microscopic preparations of the spinal cord. After dorsal rhizotomy, the heaviest degeneration in the spinal gray appeared centrally in laminae II-IV and medially in laminae IV-VI. The levels of aspartate, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyrate were reduced by 34, 21, and 26% in laminae II-IV and 28, 33, and 23% in medial laminae IV-VI. The levels of glycine, alanine, and threonine-serine-glutamine (unseparated) were increased. After partial cordotomy, the heaviest degeneration in the spinal gray appeared laterally in laminae IV-VI, dorsolaterally in lamina VII, and in lamina IX. The levels of aspartate and glutamate were reduced by 22 and 28% in lateral laminae IV-VI and by 26 and 28% in dorsolateral laminae VII and IX. Glycine levels were reduced by 9% in dorsolateral laminae VII and IX. The levels of gamma-aminobutyrate, alanine, and threonine-serine-glutamine were either unchanged or raised. These findings suggest that the axonal endings of the primary sensory and of one or more of the descending tracts probably contain relatively high levels of glutamate and aspartate, and that they may use these amino acids as transmitters. The partial deafferentation of spinal interneurons and the destruction of some propriospinal fibers probably caused the losses of gamma-aminobutyrate and glycine, and contributed modestly to those of aspartate.
Abundance and feeding of microheterotrophic flagellates from a eutrophic lake

The growth of planktonic bacteria from a eutrophic lake was evaluated with microflagellate predators present and absent. Differential filtration (50 and 8 µm filters) was used to exclude ciliates and larger zoo-and phytoplankton from replicate experimental cultures. Additional filtration (1 µm filter) excluded heterotrophic microflagellates from a second set of experimental cultures, producing cultures that contained either bacteria and microflagellates or only bacteria. Growth of bacteria and microflagellates was evaluated by epifluorescent microscopy from repeated sampling over approximately 200 h. Bacterial numbers were reduced in the presence of microflagellates, and microflagellates were observed to contain bacterial prey. However, microflagellate numbers were high (about 106 cells ml-1) and were less than an order of magnitude lower than bacterial numbers. Bacteria growing in the presence of microflagellates did not show predator-prey population oscillations but had in-phase oscillations in numbers, suggesting that microflagellate predation in freshwater may not control numbers of planktonic bacteria. Clearance rates of heterotrophic microflagellates, estimated to be only 30 body volumes hr-1, were insufficient to maintain flagellate growth, suggesting that other energy sources may be needed to maintain microflagellates in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems.
Radioimmunoassay for β-endorphin/β-lipotropin in unextracted plasma from sheep

Abstract A double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed and validated for the quantification of β-endorphin (EP) in unextracted plasma from sheep. The RIA crossreacted on a molar basis approximately 100% with β-lipotropin (LPH). Almost all of the immunoreactivity in silicic acid extracts of plasma migrated on gel filtration as either EP or LPH. Incubation of radioiodinated EP with unextracted plasma under assay conditions resulted in the formation of a radioiodinated product which could still bind to the anti-EP serum. Basal concentrations of EP/LPH ranged from .1 to .2 ng/ml plasma, but transient peaks of 1.4 to 2.4 ng/ml were sometimes observed.
A Service-Oriented Web Application Framework

Today's businesses need a robust, Web-enabled, flexible information and communication infrastructure to foster corporate agility and productivity. The Service-Oriented Web Application Framework guides organizations in the development and deployment of platform-, technology-, and location-independent, context-rich Web applications.
A volume-localized, two-dimensional NMR method for the determination of lactate using zero-quantum coherence created in a stimulated echo pulse sequence.

A volume-localized, two-dimensional NMR method which unambiguously measures lactate protons in the presence of interfering lipid resonances is presented. This technique employs the stimulated echo method for spatial selection and was used to observe lactic acid levels in a subcutaneously implanted RIF-1 tumor at a concentration of 9.6 mM.. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Contributions to the design and statistical analysis of in vivo SCE experiments.

Abstract Two issues that arise in the design and statistical analysis of in vivo SCE and similar experiments are considered. First, with regard to analysis, the merits of various methods of data transformation are explored in depth. The conclusion drawn 3s that common transformations of the type studied here seemingly offer little advantage in the assessment of whether a test agent induces SCE in a dose-related manner. Second, a proposal is made for a method to determine, subject to budgetary constraints, the desired numbers of animals/dose group and cells scored/animal. The approach advocated also lends itself to discussions weighing the gains and losses from possible reductions in the number of animals below the ‘desired’ levels.
Synthesis and characterization of poly (2‐vinylpridine)‐b‐poly (t‐butyl methacrylate)

The synthesis of well defined and monodisperse (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.2) narrow molecular weight distribution poly (2-vinylpyridine)-poly (t-butyl methacrylate) (P2VP-PTBMA) AB block copolymers is carried out by initiation of 2-vinylpyridine polymerization by 1,1-diphenylhexyllithium in THF at-78°C, followed by addition of TBMA and termination at −78°C using MeOH. The formation of the BAB block copolymer is carried out in a similar fashion except that 1,4-dilithio-1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutane is used as initiator. The corresponding synthesis of P2VP-PMMA block copolymers is carried in a similar manner, except that 1-2 equivalents of TBMA is used to end-functionalize the living P2VP before the addition of MMA. Without the addition of TBMA, trimodal molecular weight distributions in P2VP-b-PMMA are obtained. All the block copolymers are characterized by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Alkyl amides in two organic-rich anoxic sediments: A possible new abiotic route for N sequestration

Abstract Fixed nitrogen (N) plays an integral role in global cycling; while most is recycled to refuel primary productivity, a small fraction escapes to be preserved and stabilised in sediments. Despite decades of research, the functionality and reactivity of this sequestered organic N has been poorly understood. This study was undertaken to shed light on this problem by characterising the bulk sediment organic matter using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), followed by molecular level analysis using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT–ICR–MS). We studied two organic-rich anaerobic sediments, one from a freshwater system and another from a marine paralic basin. Mangrove Lake, Bermuda (marine) and Mud Lake, Florida (freshwater) have been shown in past studies to contain high levels of N-containing organic matter. Our resulting multidimensional NMR data suggests the existence of a new type of amide functionality in both these lake sediments, and we investigated this further using FT–ICR–MS and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). FT–ICR–MS confirmed the existence of homologous series of CHNO containing compounds, whose structures are verified using GC–MS as alkyl amides. Model reactions involving naturally occurring esters and ammonia suggest the source of alkyl amides to be amidation of esters with sedimentary ammonia derived from anaerobic degradation of organic matter. This expands upon previous hypotheses for preservation of amide containing compounds that call upon biological/abiological protection of proteins and peptides or the formation of refractory nitrogenous adducts.
Phosphatidylglycerol stimulates cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase activity and phosphatidylcholine synthesis in type II pneumocytes.

Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in type II pneumocytes is stimulated by inclusion of phosphatidylglycerol and other phospholipids in the culture medium (Gilfillan, A.M., Chu, A.J. and Rooney, S.A. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 794, 269-273). We have now examined the effect of phosphatidylglycerol in the medium on enzymes of de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis in adult rat type II cells. Activities of choline kinase, cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and cholinephosphotransferase in homogenates of whole lung and type II cells were generally similar. Phosphatidate phosphatase activity in type II cells, however, was only 16% that in whole lung. Addition of phosphatidylglycerol (10 microM) to the culture medium had no effect on choline kinase, cholinephosphotransferase or phosphatidate phosphatase activities in type II cells but it increased the activity of cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase by 56%. Since it is known that cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase is stimulated in vitro by addition of phospholipids to the assay mixture, we also measured its activity in the presence of sufficient phosphatidylglycerol (1.1 mM) to maximally stimulate in vitro. Even under these conditions cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase activity in type II cells cultured in the presence of phosphatidylglycerol was 32% greater than in control cells. These data show that the stimulatory effect of phospholipid in the culture medium on phosphatidylcholine synthesis in type II cells is mediated by increased cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase activity. The mechanism of increased cytidylyltransferase activity remains to be elucidated but it is not due to direct in vitro activation by the phospholipid.
Spontaneous and light induced hydration of pyrimidines.

Abstract Nmr spectral changes showed that 4-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxopyrimidine in 2 M or 8 M D 2 SO 4 gradually converts to 1-methyl-uracil and also C(5)-deuterium exchange was observed. While the rates of the former reaction are not influenced by irradiation (254 nm), the rates of C(5)-deuterium exchange show a 2.3 - to 5-fold increase. These findings indicate the significance of protonated ground state species in both the dark and light induced hydration of pyrimidines. A general mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed and its relevance to the photochemistry of nucleic acids is discussed.
A simulation model for industrial marketing

Abstract Developing an effective marketing mix is an important task for product planners seeking to gain competitive advantage in industrial markets. In these markets, product planning is made complex due to inadequate data sources, stochastic behavior, and the peculiar response of industrial markets to marketing instruments. By employing a simulation model as the heart of a marketing decision support system (MKDSS) it is possible to model the stochastic elements of the marketing mix, the interactions between marketing instruments, and competitive effects, to support marketing decision-making processes. This paper describes such a simulation model for aiding product planners in developing the marketing mix. The model utilizes Monte Carlo simulation in representing market dynamics, comparative marketing efforts, and competitive actions, in order to assess the effectiveness of combinations of marketing actions, that is, marketing policies. It is therefore viewed as a tool for improving decision-making effectiveness, and the basis of a marketing decision support system (MKDSS) for marketing managers. The methodology for applying the decision model is outlined, together with an illustrative example of its use, based on data from case study in a British firm.
Speciation of Sulfur in Biochar Produced from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Oak and Corn Stover

The effects of feedstock type and biomass conversion conditions on the speciation of sulfur in biochars are not well-known. In this study, the sulfur content and speciation in biochars generated fr...
Structure of an Ultraweak Protein-Protein Complex and Its Crucial Role in Regulation of Cell Morphology and Motility

Abstract Weak protein-protein interactions (PPIs) (K D > 10 −6 M) are critical determinants of many biological processes. However, in contrast to a large growing number of well-characterized, strong PPIs, the weak PPIs, especially those with K D > 10 −4 M, are poorly explored. Genome wide, there exist few 3D structures of weak PPIs with K D > 10 −4 M, and none with K D > 10 −3 M. Here, we report the NMR structure of an extremely weak focal adhesion complex (K D ∼3 × 10 −3 M) between Nck-2 SH3 domain and PINCH-1 LIM4 domain. The structure exhibits a remarkably small and polar interface with distinct binding modes for both SH3 and LIM domains. Such an interface suggests a transient Nck-2/PINCH-1 association process that may trigger rapid focal adhesion turnover during integrin signaling. Genetic rescue experiments demonstrate that this interface is indeed involved in mediating cell shape change and migration. Together, the data provide a molecular basis for an ultraweak PPI in regulating focal adhesion dynamics during integrin signaling.
Ultrasonic hysteresis in biological media

Non-linear mechanical response of viscoelastic strain responding media to high amplitude stress-strain is examined from a phenomenological point of view and found to lead to results compatible with empirical observations of high intensity ultrasound irradiation of brain, liver, and eye lens tissues. The proposed hysteresis model provides for most of the observed dependencies such as an intensity dependent absorption coefficient, an absorption coefficient increasing linearly with frequency, and a dispersionless velocity of ultrasound in soft tissues (excluding lung). The non-linear compliance of tissues further predicts production of half-harmonic signals even in the absence of cavitation.
“For man is a giddy thing, and this is my conclusion”: Fashion and much ado about nothing

Given the fact that the text of Much Ado About Nothing constantly employs fashion metaphors in connection with the play‐world's social conventions, this article explores the ways in which a director may use costuming to interrogate the workings of Messina's patriarchal system. Performance can reveal how the elder males of this community competitively “fashion” truths out of costumed theatrical fictions in an attempt to subvert or maintain the social order. This communal hierarchy is based on class, gender, and age distinctions expressed in the text through the metaphor of clothing, which may achieve concrete manifestation in the characters' costumes or costume changes. However, behavioral norms, like fashions, shift with the passing of time, and society must constantly adjust its social conventions to suit the needs of a maturing younger generation. Examples from the modern stage history of Much Ado offer various approaches to the theatrical expression of the idea that Messinian society deals with violati...
Gauge-Higgs systems with fermions☆

Abstract Recent results on lattice gauge-Higgs models with fermions are discussed. Implications for electroweak models are noted.
Prazosin depression of baroreflex function in hypertensive man

Prazosin is a post synaptic alpha adrenergic blocker effective in hypertension, whose hypotensive effect is unaccompanied by reflex tachycardia or hyperreninemia, nor by other evidence of increased sympathetic activity. We studied the baroreceptor reflex arc as a potential mediator of these effects. Twenty-two essential hypertensive men were treated with prazosin alone versus placebo, and experienced a blood pressure fall (from 114.8 +/- 3.6 down to 101.1 +/- 2.5 mmHg, p less than 0.005) unaccompanied by any change in heart rate, plasma renin activity, or several other indices of sympathetic nervous system activity (plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity; urinary excretion of free catecholamines and vanillyl mandelic acid; all p less than 0.1). Concomitant with the blood pressure fall, there was a significant depression of baroreflex arc sensitivity, from 11.4 +/- 2.0 ms/mmHg down to 6.6 +/- 1.9 ms/mmHg (p less than 0.05), without an associated change in cardiac vagal inhibition (291.2 +/- 46.2 versus 300.3 +/- 19.2 ms, p greater than 0.1). Baroreflex arc sensitivity depression may in part explain the lack of reflex sympathetic outflow noted during prazosin treatment of hypertension.
Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: probing beneath the surface.

Looking at the surface of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been the foundation of practice in GI endoscopy. Indeed, many of our day-to-day management decisions are based largely on what the surface looks like, yet it is generally accepted that visual appearances alone can be quite subjective. For many decades, visual stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) formed the basis from which the endoscopist decided whether or not to perform endoscopic hemostasis in patients with nonvariceal upper GI hemorrhage (NVUGIH). The so-called Forrest classification of SRH in peptic ulcer bleeding was published almost 4 decades ago.1 Current recommendations for endoscopic therapy in acute peptic ulcer hemorrhage reside entirely on the surface appearance of the bleeding ulcer.2,3 However, published evidence shows that there is significant interobserver variability in the identification of such SRH. When endoscopists were shown images or videoclips of bleeding peptic ulcers and asked to identify SRH, there was disagreement 25% of the time.4 Moreover, even among international experts, good agreement could only be reached when there was spurting blood.5 Furthermore, some published studies have shown that high-risk stigmata, such as a nonbleeding visible vessel (NBVV), may have uncharacteristic visual appearances (nonpigmented, pale, translucent, or pearl-colored protuberance) and thus may be misinterpreted by the endoscopist as low-risk stigmata.6,7 As Michael V. Sivak, Jr, MD, succinctly noted, “It is well-established that visual assessment alone of an ulcer in a patient with upper GI bleeding is inaccurate, especially with respect to ulcers with SRH. Consequently, the use of the Forrest classification as a guide to the need for endoscopic therapy is necessarily inaccurate” (personal communication, 2006). Indeed, misguided application of endoscopic therapy (either underor overuse) can potentially lead to undesired patient outcomes and to inappropriate use of health care resources. Conceptually, it may be more important to know whether a bleeding lesion still has active blood flow or whether such blood flow has ceased, for instance, as a result of spontaneous intravascular thrombosis. Thus, for any particular bleeding lesion that has stopped bleeding, the risk of recurrent bleeding would theoretically be reduced if active blood flow to the bleeding point had ceased. This theoretical concept has led to the development of novel imaging and nonimaging technologies to try and determine whether blood flow is present or absent beneath a bleeding lesion such as a peptic ulcer. Some of these new technologies may also allow for an assessment of certain physical characteristics of subsurface blood flow, such as relative velocity, and may provide information on anatomic and structural aspects of the surrounding tissue in relation to the bleeding lesion. This
Iron–manganese banding in Oneida Lake ferromanganese nodules

Ferromanganese nodules in the deep-sea and in freshwater lakes usually accrete layers rich in manganese oxides alternating with layers rich in iron oxides1. The mechanism producing these alternating layers is unknown; indeed, the mechanism producing the nodules themselves is unknown. In Oneida Lake, a large freshwater lake near Syracuse, New York, precipitants from the lake water and the surfaces of nodules at the sediment–water interface are enriched in Mn, whereas nodules buried in lake sediments have surface layers enriched in Fe. It is hypothesized here, using field and laboratory evidence, that reduction and mobilization of Mn from the nodule surface during periods of anoxic sediment cover produce the high Fe layers observed in the nodules.
Dentinous tissue formation in a human deciduous incisor

T he literature contains a number of clinical and histologic descriptions of hard-tissue formation in the pulp following either experimental or accidental fracture of the root of a tooth. L T This hard tissue, which is often difficult to classify,l is not always confined to the site of the fracture but may be deposited on surfaces of the dentine at some distance from the root fracture. Reparative deposition of hard tissue on separated segments of fractured roots always takes place on dentinal surfaces which were previously resorbed.? When the hardtissue deposition takes place in an area of the pulp distal to the site of the fracture (for example, the coronal pulp chamber), the process maylt 5 or may not? 3 be preceded by resorption of the existing dentinal surface. The present article presents a description of a hard tissue which was found within the coronal pulp chamber of a deciduous canine. This tissue was unique in both its microstructure and its relationship to the pre-existing surface of the coronal dentine. During the course of the routine histologic examination of semiserial transverse ground sections prepared from a sampling of exfoliated human deciduous anterior teeth, an upper canine was found with its coronal pulp chamber almost completely obliterated by a hard tissue which we were initially unable to classify. No history of the tooth was available since it came from a random sampling of teeth obtained from a local children’s hospital. Gross observations of the tooth revealed that the root had been resorbed to a point just short of the cervical line. The tooth was noncarious, and abrasion had exposed the dentine at the cusp tip. Two sections (initially cut at 500 microns) obtained from the tooth passed through the area of hard-tissue formation in the coronal pulp. Our original intention was to examine thin sections of this hard tissue by microradiographic and routine histologic methods. The sections were reduced to 8 microns and mounted for microradiography, using an integrated mounting and reduction technique previously described by one of us.* Regrettably, both of
Molecular characterization of two soybean homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana CLAVATA1 from the wild type and fasciation mutant.

Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana CLAVATA1 ( CLV1 )-like genes were isolated from the wild type and fasciation mutant of soybean ( Glycine max ). Two soybean homologs of CLV1 , designated GmCLV1A and GmCLV1B , are similar in sequence. No missense mutations in GmCLV1A and GmCLV1B between the wild type and mutant were found. GmCLV1 was mapped at 7.1 cM from a restriction fragment length polymorphism marker on the linkage group H of the soybean molecular map. DNA fingerprinting using bacterial artificial chromosome clones identified two contigs indicating there are two loci for GmCLV1 in the soybean genome. One locus contains GmCLV1A and the other locus contains GmCLV1A and GmCLV1B . Relative multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that the two genes are transcribed in all organs and at higher levels in floral apices. Differential expression patterns of the two genes suggest that the function of the two genes is slightly different in different organs.
Reaction of dichloromaleic anhydride with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene: Synthesis and X-ray diffraction structure of 8,9-dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a]perimidin-10-one

The reaction of dichloromaleic anhydride with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene in refluxing toluene or 1,2-dichloroethane produces the new heterocyclic compound 8,9-dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a]perimidin-10-one in low yields. 8,9-Dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a]perimidin-10-one has been isolated by column chromatography and characterized in solution by IR, 1H NMR, and UV/vis spectroscopies. The solid-state structure was unequivocally established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 8,9-Dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a]perimidin-10-one crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1/c, a = 7.475(1)A, b = 10.650(2)A, c = 14.468(2)A, β = 94.478(2)°, V = 1148.3(3) A3, Z = 4, and d calc = 1.672 Mg/m3; R = 0.0289, R w = 0.0762 for 1644 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The nature of the HOMO and LUMO in 8,9-dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a]perimidin-10-one has been determined by extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations, and these data are discussed relative to the cyclic voltammetric data obtained at a platinum electrode.
Fanconi anemia and its diagnosis

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by diverse congenital malformations, progressive pancytopenia, and predisposition to both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Congenital anomalies vary from patient to patient and may affect skeletal morphogenesis as well as any of the major organ systems. Although this highly variable phenotype makes accurate diagnosis on the basis of clinical manifestations difficult in some patients, laboratory study of chromosomal breakage induced by diepoxybutane (DEB) or other crosslinking agents provides a unique cellular marker for the diagnosis of the disorder either prenatally or postnatally. Diagnosis based on abnormal response to DNA crosslinking agents can be used to identify the pre-anemia patient as well as patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia who may or may not have the physical stigmata associated with the syndrome. This overview will present our current knowledge regarding the varied phenotypic manifestations of FA and procedures for diagnosis based upon abnormal DNA damage responses.
Management and crop residue influence soil aggregate stability.

Soil management is one of the most important factors influencing the structure of soils. The interaction of management (including tillage and crop rotation history) with soil biochemistry, soil aggregation, and soil humus composition was determined in a native prairie and a producer field situation in 1997. A comparison of a native prairie and an adjacent conventional corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on the same soil type found that the Webster soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) after soybean (C 3 plant) was lower in monosaccharide content and protein content as determined by ion chromatography, and lower in phenolic acid content than the Webster soil after corn (C 4 plant) or in native prairie as determined by gas chromatography. A wet, nested sieve aggregate stability measurement determined that the prairie soil had a higher mean aggregate size (1.85 mm) when compared with the soil in the presence of decomposing corn (1.0 mm) or soybean (0.34 mm) residues. Mean aggregate size was found to be correlated with soil monosaccharide content (r = 0.75), total soil protein content (r = 0.995 *** ), total soil phenolic acid content (r = 0.997 *** ), and alkaline extractable humic substance content (r = 0.98 ** ). Alkaline extractable humic substances were correlated with the phenolic acid content of the humic substances (r = 0.996 *** ). The results suggest that the decrease in soil stability after soybean growth was due to a decrease in the content of soil humic substances caused by the substantially lower phenolic acids content (humic acid precursors) in the soybean residue.
Molecular cloning of the bovine prolactin receptor and distribution of prolactin and growth hormone receptor transcripts in fetal and utero-placental tissues.

Abstract We have isolated a bovine prolactin (bPRL) receptor cDNA from an endometrial cDNA library, which predicts a 557 amino acid transmembrane protein similar to the long forms of other characterized prolactin receptors. The predicted cytoplasmic domain is slightly truncated primarily by a stop codon located 36 codons 5' from the stop utilized in the human hepatic transcript. When expressed in COS cells, this cDNA was shown to encode a protein which bound bovine placental lactogen (bPL) and bPRL with nearly equal affinity ( K D for bPL, 2.03 × 10−10 M; bPRL, 3.07 × 10−10 M). Northern analysis demonstrated multiple transcripts, with maternal liver, corpus luteum, intestine, endometrium and fetal liver containing a major transcript of about 3.8 kb, and maternal corpus luteum and endometrium, a second sized transcript of apparently equal abundance of 4.4 kb. This difference did not appear to be within the coding region. Primer extension analysis of maternal hepatic and endometrial transcripts revealed considerable heterogeneity. Examination of the distribution of prolactin and growth hormone receptor transcripts at mid-pregnancy by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that both are widespread in bovine fetal and placental tissues. This isolation of bovine prolactin receptor cDNA, and description of receptor distribution will facilitate study of the action of the placental and pituitary members of this gene family during pregnancy.
Guidelines for beachfront construction in Florida

Abstract In reaction to the deleterious results of many years of imprudent development along Florida's beachfront areas, the Florida Legislature authorized Coastal Construction Set-Back Lines. Construction seaward of these lines is subject to commonsense guidelines designed to reduce property damage and save lives and injuries in beachfront areas, as well as to minimize man-made stress points in the natural beach system.
Interface effects in multiregion reactors

The spatial dependence of effective cross sections in large multiregion reactors was investigated in the resolved resonance region of 238U. The effective capture cross section was found to be quite sensitive to the interface effect. In general, in fast systems it was not possible to obtain a fundamental-mode (FM) spectrum in regions less than 30 cm thick. Indeed, in the blanket region of the ZPR-6/5 reactor the cross section was never equal to its FM value. The deviation from the FM can be as large as 12%. In TRX-3, the small mean-free-path of neutrons in water limited the interface effects to very short distances (∼1 cm).
Giant debris avalanches from the Colima Volcanic Complex, Mexico: Implications for long-runout landslides (>100 km) and hazard assessment

At least two giant volcanic debris-avalanche deposits are associated with the Colima Volcanic Complex located in the western part of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. One avalanche originated from Volcan de Colima (3820 m), probably 4300 yr ago. A much larger avalanche originated from Nevado de Colima (4240 m) 18500 yr ago; it traveled more than 120 km from its source and covered an area of at least 2200 km 2 , almost twice the area of any previously described avalanche deposit. This older debris avalanche is the second largest (by volume) known, has the longest travel distance yet reported, and has one of the lowest height/length ratios (0.04). The avalanche material was probably hot during emplacement and, after initial slope failure, may have behaved similarly to a pyroclastic flow. Such large long-runout landslides from volcanic or nonvolcanic constructs present a serious geologic hazard that must be considered in risk assessment.
Silencing of the DNA Mismatch Repair Gene MLH1 Induced by Hypoxic Stress in a Pathway Dependent on the Histone Demethylase LSD1

Silencing of MLH1 is frequently seen in sporadic colorectal cancers. We show here that hypoxia causes decreased histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation at the MLH1 promoter via the action of the H3K4 demethylases LSD1 and PLU-1 and promotes durable long-term silencing in a pathway that requires LSD1. Knockdown of LSD1 or its corepressor, CoREST, also prevents the resilencing (and associated cytosine DNA methylation) of the endogenous MLH1 promoter in RKO colon cancer cells following transient reactivation by treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). The results demonstrate that hypoxia is a driving force for silencing of MLH1 and that the LSD1/CoREST complex is necessary for this process. The results reveal a mechanism by which hypoxia promotes cancer cell evolution to drive malignant progression through epigenetic modulation. Our findings suggest that LSD1/CoREST acts as a colon cancer oncogene by epigenetically silencing MLH1 and also identify the LSD1/CoREST complex as a potential target for therapy.
Computational structures technology

Computational structures technology (CST), which has emerged from FEM developments, is a fusion of materials modeling, structural and dynamic analysis and synthesis methods, on the one hand, and numerical analysis and approximation theory, on the other. In addition to computational materials modeling, CST encompasses computational methods for predicting the response, performance, failure, and service life of structures and their components, as well as automated methods for structural synthesis and optimization.
The Rise and Fall of Behaviorism

(1938). The Rise and Fall of Behaviorism. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 367-421.
A critical experimental examination of the gel effect in free radical polymerization: Do entanglements cause autoacceleration?

Over the past two decades, a substantial case has been made associating and/or attributing the “gel” effect or autoacceleration in free radical polymerization and its onset to entanglement of polymerizing chain radicals, resulting in a marked reduction in the termination rate parameter, kt. This case has often been made by modeling a limited range of free radical polymerization data using the assumption that in the neighborhood of the gel effect kt is controlled by polymer self-diffusion which in turn exhibits entangled polymer dynamics. The present study provides critical experiments involving both bulk methyl methacrylate and styrene polymerizations which contradict the widely held belief that the gel effect onset is related to the formation of chain entanglements. By employing experimental conditions which tend to delay or eliminate the formation of chain entanglements, i.e., high initiator and/or chain transfer agent concentrations and addition of low molecular weight polymer prior to reaction, it is ...
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE.

Abstract As part of a prospective epidemiological study of coronary heart disease, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) were used to obtain measures of personality from 1990 men who were 40–55 years of age and free of clinical coronary disease at the beginning of the study 4 1 2 years ago. With respect to the MMPI, data are presented for 48 men who have subsequently developed only the symptoms of angina pectoris, 37 men who have had myocardial infarctions, and 1771 men who have remained free of clinical coronary heart disease. For the 16PF, the number of cases in the angina, infarct, and non-coronary groups is 31, 18, and 1773, respectively. In all cases, the data on personality were obtained prior to the appearance of clinical coronary heart disease. Statistical analyses of these data indicate that the men who subsequently developed angina pectoris, in comparison to the subjects with myocardial infarction, scored significantly higher on the HsK and Hy scales of the MMPI and lower on Factor C of the 16PF. It was also found that the total coronary group (cases of angina plus cases of infarct) had significantly higher mean scores on Factors L and Q2 than the men in the non-coronary group. These findings suggest that the men in the angina group, as compared to the men with myocardial infarction, were characterized before the clinical appearance of coronary heart disease by the following attributes: (1) a tendency to complain about somatic symptoms of all sorts and to be worried about the state of their health even in the absence of objective findings; (2) greater lability in cardiovascular functioning; and (3) greater emotional lability and suggestibility. With respect to the observed psychometric differences between the total coronary and non-coronary groups, it is inferred that the men who later developed coronary heart disease, as compared to those who did not, tended to be: (1) more independent in their social relationships; (2) more suspicious about the motives of other people; and (3) to have greater feelings of inner tension. It is emphasized that these results should not be taken as descriptions of ‘coronaryprone’ or ‘angina-prone’ personalities because these data do not by themselves demonstrate the existence of an etiological relationship between personality and coronary heart disease. This evidence supports the general hypothesis that patterns of behavior are significant in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease in man.
Purification and properties of human liver pyruvate carboxylase

Abstract Pyruvate carboxylase has been purified from human liver to a specific activity of 10.5 units/mg and a purity of approximately 30% as judged by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The human liver enzyme has been shown to exhibit significant catalytic activity in the absence of the positive effector acetyl-CoA; and the catalytic properties of the acetyl-CoA-dependent and acetyl-CoA-independent activities have been defined. Human liver pyruvate carboxylase is activated by monovalent cations with K+, NH4+, and Rb+ as the most effective activators; Tris+ and Na+ appear ineffective in this system. Certain intermediates of normal metabolism and metabolites which are elevated in disease states, such as phenylketonuria, have been examined as inhibitors of the human liver enzyme. The significant inhibition observed in the presence of phenylpyruvate and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate appears consistent with the pathophysiology of phenylketonuria and hereditary tyrosinemia respectively. Cellular-fractionation studies indicate that pyruvate carboxylase has an intramitochondrial localization in human liver.
Semiregular graphs and their algebra

A semiregular graph is a bipartite graph which, from the point of view of the vertices of one of the partite sets, appears to be distance regular. Many facts about distance-regular graphs remain true for this class: the adjacency matrix has d + 1 eigenvalues (d=diameter); the eigenmatnx associated with the second eigenvalue can provide a representation of the automorphism group; the coloration matrix represents the adjacency matrix in the span of the "distance matrices", and its eigenvectors provide eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix.
Adrenal Apoplexy Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Related to Corticosterone Content of Adrenal Gland

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induces massive, specific and selective necrosis with apoplexy in special zones of the adrenal cortex of adult rats, but other groups of rats are refractory to damage. The hydrocarbon does not injure the adrenals of immature rats although it is present in these glands in considerable concentration. Likewise, the adrenals of adult rats are refractory 3 weeks after hypophysectomy. ACTH (but not GH) converted adrenal cortex of the 2 refractory groups to a state susceptible to damage by the hydrocarbon, so that necrosis and apoplexy resulted after the administration of 7,12-DMBA; the status of susceptibility of the adrenal cortex is correlated with its content of corticosterone. However, it is impossible for a chemical reaction to take place between 7,12-DMBA and corticosterone. The adrenal cortex of the rat undergoes profound functional changes during puberty.