cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Let Me Hear Your Voice’: Re-hearing the Song of Songs through Pentecostal Hermeneutics

The Song of Songs has inspired numerous interpretations throughout history, ranging from mystical visions of God’s union with his people, to practical guidelines for marriage. This article examines the text from the perspective of Pentecostal hermeneutics, following the insights of early Pentecostal preachers and contemporary Charismatic leaders to showcase the Song of Songs as a story about the pathos-filled relationship of God and humanity. Through dialogue with these sources, biblical scholarship, and the philosophical hermeneutic of Ernesto Grassi, this article takes an inter-disciplinary approach to argue that the Song exists as a space within Scripture for prayerful dialogue. It will focus on the way that Scripture facilitates communion with God. Thus, the purpose of this article is not only to explore Spirit-filled interpretation of the Song of Songs, but through these interpretations, to theologize about the nature of the Bible itself.
Determination of tylosin and related macrolides in fermentation broth by gradient elution ion-pair liquid chromatography

A gradient elution ion-pair HPLC assay was developed for the analysis of tylosin and related macrolides in fermentation broth. The effect of the ion-pair agent concentration and identity was studied to optimize the reproducibility of the separation. The assay compares favorably with the biological assay and is sufficiently durable for the analysis of many samples per column.
Pathological effects of in utero methylmercury exposure on the cerebellum of the golden hamster. II. Residual effects on the adult cerebellum.

Abstract The long-term effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure were studied in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Pregnant animals were given either 10 mg/kg methylmercury on gestational day 10 or 2 mg/kg on gestational days 10–15. Animals from treated and control litters were sacrificed as adults and cerebella examined by light and electron microscopy. Focal areas of astrogliosis were observed in the molecular layer of treated animals. Sequellae of previous injury, characterized primarily by abundant residual bodies, were observed in the perikarya and dendrites of granule and Purkinje neurons. Degenerative change of myelinated axons was observed. Possible hypotheses for continued neuronal degeneration in prenatally exposed animals are discussed.
V1−xMoxO2 thermochromic films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering

Abstract Thin films of V 1− x Mo x O 2 ( x =0–0.041) for thermochromic windows were formed by dual-target reactive magnetron sputtering. The composition, crystal structure, morphology and optical properties of the films were evaluated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometry respectively. The relationship between the transition temperature τ c and x in V 1− x Mo x O 2 was clarified through precise determinations of the dopant concentration and the value of τ c . A linear reduction in τ c by approximately −12°C (at.% Mo) −1 was confirmed for the films with least doping, while the reduction efficiency decreased with higher dopant concentrations. V 1− x Mo x O 2 films with desired x values were also fabricated using a V−Mo (Mo, 4.0 at.%) alloy target. Investigations of the thermochromism of the V 1− x Mo x O 2 films suggest their potential for advanced windows.
Why We Left: Untold Stories and Songs of America's First Immigrants Joanna Brooks. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

Why We Left: Untold Stories and Songs of America's First Immigrants Joanna Brooks. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.In Why We Left, Joanna Brooks presents us with an alternative view to the official narrative of why large numbers of sixteenth and seventeenth century Anglo English came to America. Although the official story of emigration focuses on America as a land of opportunity, many of the English who emigrated came because life in their homeland had become untenable. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, life, as many of these working poor knew it, changed as England began to transition into a mercantile capitalistic economy. Lands which for generations supplied livelihoods to subsistence farmers and their families were enclosed and operated as for-profit enterprises. The result was widespread environmental disaster, which in turn impacted dramatically the culture entwined within it. As wetlands became drained to make for more arable lands, animal and fish populations, which previously had supplied additional food sources for families, began to disappear. Understandings surrounding the cutting of turf for fires or the gathering of resources, such as hazel nuts as a supplementary food source, became illegal. To support themselves, families had to sever their ties to lands which had been in their families for generations, dissolve their communal ties, and subject themselves to the financial uncertainties of market cycles for manufactured goods. The record of this version of American immigration is found in the ballads which followed the Anglo English across the ocean."Golden Vanity" or "The Lonesome Lowland Low," for example, tells the story of a young boy who accepts the challenge of his captain to sink a pirate ship. As a reward for his courage, he is promised the captain's daughter as well as a handsome reward, but when he returns to his ship, after having sunk the enemy ship by boring holes in it with an auger, the captain refuses to let him reboard. Brooks argues that this story captures the cold-hearted cruelty and sense of betrayal felt by many sailors but also, in a broader sense, the notion of being expendable felt by those in service to colonial ventures. The additional verse in some versions in which the young boy forebears endangering his comrades on the ship out of a sense of loyalty to them serves as a eulogy to a brave young man but also as a symbol of the moral superiority of those who serve, a counterpoint to figures of empire like the captain who use the talents and dedication of those who work for them but then dispose of them once their service ends. …
Husbands, Wives and the Peculiar Economics of Household Public Goods

Understanding how household income is allocated among different types of expenditures is of the utmost importance when considering policy targeted at increasing household well-being. This analysis uses the collective household model to determine how household public goods and household public bads are chosen in light of the relative power balance between husband and wife. This article shows both theoretically and empirically that the effect of additional female power on household outcomes depends on the initial level of female power. Moreover, contrary to previous findings, it need not always be positive. The policy implications of this non-monotonic relationship between female decision-making power and household well-being outcomes are important. The effectiveness of aid to households depends not only on current expenditure levels but also on household balance of power. More specifically, there may be situations where enhancing female power (more controversially, and the article shows this theoretically and empirically) may not be good for household well-being. Comprendre comment les revenus des menages sont repartis en differentes categories de depenses est essentiel des lors que l’on envisage une politique destinee a ameliorer le bien-etre des menages. Cette analyse utilise le modele collectif de comportement des menages afin de determiner comment s’effectuent les arbitrages entre les biens publics et les maux publics des menages compte tenu de l’equilibre relatif des pouvoirs entre conjoints. Nous montrons theoriquement et empiriquement que l’effet du gain de pouvoir des femmes sur les resultats des menages depend de leur niveau de pouvoir initial. Et, contrairement a ce qu’ont montre des etudes precedentes, il n’est pas toujours necessaire que cet effet soit positif. Les implications en matiere de politiques de cette relation non monotone entre le pouvoir decisionnel des femmes et les resultats par rapport au bien-etre des menages sont importantes. L’efficacite de l’aide aux menages depend non seulement des niveaux de depenses actuels, mais aussi de l’equilibre des pouvoirs dans les menages. Plus precisement, il y a des situations ou l’augmentation du pouvoir des femmes peut ne pas etre bonne pour le bien-etre des menages (ce qui est matiere a controverse, mais l’article le montre theoriquement et empiriquement).
GASOLINE RATIONING, ALLOCATION AND PRICE CONTROLS: ANALYSIS OF THEIR COSTS AND BENEFITS

Abstract Gasoline rationing, allocation and price controls are not currently elements of U.S. energy policy. In the event of a future petroleum supply disruption, the current Administration intends to rely on the market instead of allocation and price controls. However, if an emergency did occur, the U.S. Congress would likely consider a return to controls and rationing. This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of allocation and price controls and concludes that their implementation would result in extraordinary economic costs. The economic waste caused by a gasoline shortage would, under certain assumptions, exceed $50 billion per year. Of the several types of gasoline rationing programs discussed in this paper, none would have any likelihood to reduce this waste to an acceptable level. Because of these findings it is recommended that gasoline rationing, allocation and price controls be avoided in favor of a market oriented emergency energy policy.
Submersion injuries in children

Submersion injures, also known as drowning or near drowning, are a serious threat to the life and health of children. They are the third leading cause of death in the pediatric population (18 years and less), behind motor vehicle crashes and cancer in the United States. This article discusses epidemiologic factors, the pathophysiologic characteristics of submersion injuries, treatment, outcome identifiers, and methods used for prevention.
Fatigue during prolonged intermittent overhead work: reliability of measures and effects of working height

Shoulder pain is prevalent among industrial workers and existing evidence supports that overhead work is an important specific risk factor. Existing guidelines are limited, with overhead work typically recommended to be avoided, and research on overhead work has been mixed in terms of the effects of increasing arm reach. A laboratory-based simulation of overhead work was conducted, at three working heights, in order to facilitate improved guidelines and to identify potential non-linear effects of overhead work height. Several indicators of shoulder fatigue served as outcome measures and a preliminary study was performed to assess the reliability of several of these measures. Fatigue measures based on electromyography (EMG) generally had low reliability, whereas excellent reliability was exhibited for ratings of perceived discomfort (RPD). Consistent with this, no effects of overhead work height were found on EMG-based measures, yet clear non-linear effects were found on RPD and task performance. The source of the effects of work height appeared to be related to a combination of muscle activation levels and demands on precision/control at the highest location. These results support the utility of subjective measures for relatively low-level intermittent exertions and demonstrate increasingly detrimental fatigue and performance effects at extremes in reach during overhead work.
Lying by Children: Why Children Say One Thing, Do Another?

Lying constitutes a problematic behavior for parents and other social agents involved in children's development of effective behaviors. This analysis suggests that lying is, in part, the name for a lack of correspondence between saying and doing, and that effective correspondence training procedures can be designed to teach truthfulness in children through the teaching of either promise-then-do correspondence or do-then-report correspondence. This paper proposes a relational definition of lying and shows its applications in the area of correspondence training. The generalization and maintenance of truthfulness, advantages and disadvantages of correspondence training in the management of lying are also considered.
Light Scattering from Magnetic Latex Particles

Two magnetic latex preparations have been measured by polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering. The adherence of the latexes to a simple physical model, that of a bar magnet embedded in a plastic sphere, is judged adequate in one case, but not the other. Preliminary efforts to use the latex spheres as probes of sodium polystyrene sulfonate solutions are described. A few observations are made concerning the dynamic light scattering behavior of the magnetic latex under the influence of an externally applied, oscillating magnetic field.
Motion and Spectrum of Arc Cathode Spot in a Magnetic Field

The velocity of the cathode spot of a mercury arc at the junction between liquid and metal in a transverse magnetic field has been measured for magnetic field strengths between 0 and 20 700 oersteds. The approximate doubling of retrograde velocity at about 11 000 to 15 000 oersteds was followed by an additional rapid rise of velocity at about 15 000 oersteds. Spectra of the arc showed Hg ii and Hg iii lines at the stronger magnetic fields. Radiation from the cathode spot showed mercury lines and a continuous spectrum which is especially intense at the lines. Some Hg lines are broadened symmetrically and others asymmetrically. If the broadening is due to a Stark effect, the electric field strength in the cathode spot region is greater than 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ volts/cm.The arc mechanism previously proposed is extended to explain the rapid velocity rises with increasing magnetic field strength by associating them with the effect of ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{++}$ and ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{+++}$ ions.
ON NUMERICAL METHODS FOR MIGRATION IN LAYERED MEDIA

Three current migration methods derived from the wave-equation model and based on approximations by Fourier series, finite-differences, and a combination of both (mixed method) are reviewed. Each method is examined in the context of horizontally layered media, where the velocity of wave propagation varies with depth alone. It is shown how, under such conditions, the special properties of the linear equations obtained from finite-difference and mixed approximations can be exploited for computational efficiency. A numerical algorithm is described which substantially reduces the complexity and the computational cost of the solution. This algorithm is directly applicable to vector processing. The description of each method includes derivation, dispersion relation, stability properties, and applicable numerical algorithms. Comparative analyses show that, for the same computational cost, the finite-difference approximation has poor accuracy characteristics and should be used only when the boundary conditions are difficult to express in the frequency domain. The results are illustrated with numerical experiments on synthetic data.
High school sports programs differentially impact participation by sex

Abstract Background Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys' and girls' participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys' and girls' sports team participation. Methods Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline (elementary school) and follow-up (high school). High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports opportunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students (i.e., choice) and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players (i.e., access). Results Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected statistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables: 1) the number of sports offered per 100 students (i.e., choice) and 2) the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players (i.e., access). After controlling for children's baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports (relative risk, RR = 1.12, p p Conclusion Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.
Infinite detail and emulation in an ontologically minimized HCI

By default, we attempt to define practical areas of technological endeavor as “applications.” For example, the applied psychology of human-computer interaction has characteristically been defined in terms of the methods and concepts basic psychology can provide. This has not worked well. An alternative approach is to begin from a characterization of current practice, to take seriously the requirements of the domain of endeavor, and to define areas of “science” and “application” as possible and appropriate in that context.
Level structure of 106Ag

Abstract The level structure of 106 Ag has been investigated through the use of the 103 Rh(α, nγ), 105 Pd( 3 He, d), 107 Ag(p, d) and 104 Pd( 3 He, p) reactions. The charged particle reactions provided the energies of 47 levels ranging up to 1684 keV and l -values were determined from the angular distributions for the neutron and proton transfer reactions to most of the states. Fifty-two γ-rays were assigned as transitions between the levels resulting from the charged particle data. Through the use of a combination of the l -values and γ-ray transitions the members of the 1g 9 2 -2d 5 2 and 2p 1 2 -2d 5 2 configuration multiplets have been deduced. The 6 8.4 d isomeric state has been located at 88 keV. The measurement of Q -values for the charged particle reactions has permitted determination of the mass of 106 Ag with greater precision than previously.
Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

Abstract Significance: Diabetes and its complications represent a major socioeconomic problem. Recent Advances: Changes in the balance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play an important role in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction that occurs in response to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In addition, changes in H2S homeostasis also play a role in the pathogenesis of endothelial injury, which develop on the basis of chronically or intermittently elevated circulating glucose levels in diabetes. Critical Issues: In the first part of this review, experimental evidence is summarized implicating H2S overproduction as a causative factor in the pathogenesis of β-cell death in diabetes. In the second part of our review, experimental evidence is presented supporting the role of H2S deficiency (as a result of increased H2S consumption by hyperglycemic cells) in the pathogenesis of diabetic endothelial dysfunction, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Future Directions: In the final section of the review, future researc...
AGEISM AND INTERVENTION: WHAT SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS BELIEVE ABOUT TREATING PEOPLE DIFFERENTLY BECAUSE OF AGE

BSW and MSW students randomly completed one of two vignettes that were identical with the exception of the age of the vignette's subject. Following the vignette, respondents responded to 16 bio-psycho-social assessment and intervention items relating to health, illness, aging, and death. The multivariate analysis of variance was significant (F = 1222.587, p = .000) by the Wilk's Lambda Criterion. Tests of between-subjects effects yielded eight significant item variables; including the likelihood of recovery, perceptions of the subject having lived long-enough, the appropriateness of ending one's life, and whether the subject should receive psychotherapy.
Porous Alumina Prepared from Diethylaluminum Amide, Acetone, and Water

A previously described synthetic method was modified to improve the porosity of the alumina product. The compound (Et2AlNH2)3 was prepared from ammonia and triethylaluminum (Et3Al) in toluene solve...
The Parsec-Scale Structure of NGC 1275 at 1.3 GHz

We present a high dynamic range Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image of 3C 84 at 1.3 GHz. With these observations we have discovered a previously undetected component that is centered ~65 mas to the south of the compact core and has a diameter of ~40 mas. The nucleus of 3C 84 thus displays radio emission without interruption from the core out to a total length of 01 (24 h-1 pc), which is clear evidence for activity of the central engine in the centuries preceding the latest large outburst in 1960. From the absence of significant emission to the north of the core we find that the free-free optical depth at 1.3 GHz is likely to be ≥3.7 at a projected distance of 3.5 h-1 pc.
Light emission from tunnel junctions: The role of the fast surface polariton

We have carried out calculations of light emission from tunnel junctions biased by a dc voltage to explore the role of "fast surface polaritons" (i.e., modes with dispersion curve close to the light line) in the emission process. This may be done within the framework of the formalism described in our earlier papers. For roughness with transverse scale from ten to a few hundred angstroms, we find the emission mediated by this mode to be orders of magnitude weaker than that mediated by the "slow mode" explored in our previous work. However, if the sinusoidal grating with a period of several thousand angstroms is impressed on the junction, then, in agreement with recent experiments by Kirtley, Theis, and Tsang, we find intense, $p$-polarized emission lines with frequency controlled by the dispersion relation of the fast mode. We present selected examples of calculated emission spectra.
Human liver nuclear transcortin. Its postulated role in glucocorticoid regulation of genetic activity.

Summary Highly purified human transcortin was injected into rabbits, and the antibody subsequently obtained was employed for the demonstration of transcortin-like molecules within various subcellular fractions of the human liver cell. Results obtained via quantitative double diffusion ouchterlony procedures indicate that proteins extracted from the nucleus or from chromatin form continuous precipitin lines of identity with those of transcortin. Fluoresceintagged anti-transcortin permitted the visual localization of this molecule within isolated nuclei. Cortisol binding studies of all the subcellular fractions, particularly that extracted from the chromatin, suggest that such proteins do indeed bind cortisol specifically, as well as responding to exogeneous additions to the buffer (sulfhydryl reagents) as does purified transcortin. Purified transcortin when dialyzed exhaustively loses its cortisol binding ability, although the latter can be restored after its incubation with chromatin at 4 °C. The restoration of such activity is dependent upon a dialyzable, heat-resistant chromatin component which itself lacks cortisol binding activity and which increases the sedimentation characteristics of dialyzed transcortin. The effect of transcortin on the in vitro synthesis of RNA in an Escherichia coli RNA polymerase human liver chromatin system is also presented. All of the above results are interpreted to indicate that transcortin is involved directly in the regulation of that genetic activity observed subsequent to the administration of cortisol.
Prospective Life Style Congruence Among American Adolescents: Variations in the Association Between Fertility Expectations and Ideas Regarding Women's roles

This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) of Labor Market Experience of Youth to examine the extent of congruence between the attitudes of young men and women. The survey will continue for at least 6 annual survey rounds. The 1st round completed during the 1st half of 1979 included interviews with 5578 male and 5835 female youth aged 14 to 21 in the civilian population and an additional 1281 military youth. Included were approximately 1900 Hispanic youth 2900 black youth 1700 economically disadvantaged white youth and 4900 other white youth evenly distributed between male and female. It is hypothesized that women whites older youth and youth expecting to complete higher education should show greater independent associations between their womens role attitudes and their fertility expectations. The average young man or woman in the NLS youth sample expects to have about 2.45 children. No major difference is evidenced overall between men and women. Most youth regardless of their ethnic origin or sex tend to have views on most of the items consistent with a nontraditional orientation towards the appropriate role for women. It was theorized that the gap between the sexes with respect to this congruence would narrow as adulthood is approached. The ratio of the coefficients does decrease substantially with age. Congruence between attitudes toward womens roles and fertility expectations is evidenced much more strongly for those youth expecting to attend college. Youth for whom attitudes toward womens roles and fertility expectations have more direct relevance particularly in the short run exhibit greater congruence between their values and expectations. Youth who are less assimilated into the socioeconomic mainstream exhibit less congruence between their values and expectations.
Factors Influencing Herbicide use in Corn Production in the North Central Region

Pesticide use has contributed to the impressive productivity growth in U.S. agriculture; however, it has caused increasing concerns about associated health and environmental risks. Consequently, statutory changes and new initiatives have been proposed by the Clinton Administration and the Congress in order to minimize risks through reduction in pesticide use (Kuchler et al.). Similarly, many European countries have implemented programs and set national goals to reduce fertilizer and pesticide use (Szmedra). Several approaches could be considered to reduce pesticide use. Regulations have been enacted to ban or restrict the use of certain pesticides.' Quantity restrictions can reduce pesticide use, but their implementation may encounter severe enforcement difficulty. Government programs can be changed to remove economic incentives that increase pesticide use, an approach being adopted in Europe (Szmedra). Under the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, farmers have the flexibility to plant up to 25 percent of their base acreage to other program or specified crops without losing their future base acreage. This cropping flexibility can potentially reduce pesticide use, especially when corn base acres are planted with less chemical-intensive crops, such as soybeans. Taxes (subsidy) can be levied (provided) to internalize the external cost associated with pesticide use, and hence reduce pesticide use.2 Alternatively, the government can subsidize farmers to adopt less pesticide-intensive production practices. For example, Special Project 53 under the Agricultural Conservation Program (administered by the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture) provides cost sharing for adopting integrated crop management practices that are intended to reduce farm chemical use (Osborn et al.). A better understanding of the factors influencing pesticide use is essential in examining various options for reducing pesticide use. An array of pest management methods are practiced by farmers, resulting in a diverse pattern of pesticide use. What production practices currently in use can effectively reduce pesticide use? Do farmers enrolled in commodity programs use more chemicals than other farmers? What are the demand elasticities with Biing-Hwan Lin, Harold Taylor, Herman Delvo, and Len Bull are Agricultural Economists with the United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. The insightful comments of anonymous reviewers and the editor substantially improved the quality and content of the paper. The views expressed are the authors and do not necessarily represent policies or views of the United States Department of Agriculture or the Economic Research Service.
A method to determine residue-specific unfolded-state pKa values from analysis of stability changes in single mutant cycles.

It is now widely recognized that the unfolded state of a protein in equilibrium with the native state under folding conditions may contain significant residual structures. However, due to technical difficulties residue-specific interactions in the unfolded state remain elusive. Here we introduce a method derived from the Wyman−Tanford theory to determine residue-specific pKa’s in the unfolded state. This method requires equilibrium stability measurements of the wild type and single-point mutants in which titrable residues are replaced with charge-neutral ones under two pH conditions. Application of the proposed approach reveals a highly depressed pKa for Asp8 in the unfolded state of the NTL9 protein. Knowledge of unfolded-state pKa’s enables quantitative estimation of the unfolded-state electrostatic effects on protein stability. It also provides valuable benchmarks for the improvement of force fields and validation of microscopic information from molecular dynamics simulations.
Novel optical-fiber-coupler fabrication technique using multicore fibers

In recent years a variety of optical-signal branching and coupling components have been developed. They are key components for optical-fiber subscriber networks and local area networks. Fused taper fiber couplers are especially common components because of their low loss, high stability, and high coupling efficiency to fibers. However, the alignment process for individual fibers is not suitable for automated manufacture, and the tapered branching region of a fiber coupler requires strictly controlled elongation. To construct inexpensive and reliable optical-fiber networks, we still need to refine the fabrication technique for branching and coupling components.
Evidence for extensive, olivine-rich bedrock on Mars

Color infrared observations of an area around the Nili Fossae acquired by the Mars Odyssey thermal emission imaging system have been used to map the regional distribution and geologic context of olivine-rich materials that first were identified from Mars Global Surveyor thermal emission spectrometer data. Spectral, thermal, geomorphic, and topographic data demonstrate that the majority of olivine-rich material is in the form of inplace layered rock covering an area roughly four times larger than previously recognized. Some high olivine concentrations are associated with spatially small areas dominated by sediments. We favor olivine-rich basalts as the origin of the observed olivine enrichment, although several hypotheses are viable.
Toward a Psychological Theory of Multidimensional Activation (Arousal)

The traditional physiologically defined activation or arousal continuum, which ranges from intense emotion and vigorous activity on one extreme to calmness and sleep on the other, is rejected in favor of a psychological model with two activation dimensions and a single continuum of energy expenditure. One activation dimension ranges from subjectively defined feelings of energy and vigor to the opposite feelings of sleepiness and tiredness. Activation states associated with this dimension regularly vary in a circadian rhythm, and this dimension underlies gross physical activity and many aspects of cognition. The second dimension ranges from subjective tension to placidity and quietness, and it probably underlies a variety of emotions (e.g., anxiety) and stress reactions (e.g., effects of loud noise). While the two dimensions are positively correlated at moderate levels of energy expenditure, they are negatively correlated at high levels of expenditure; therefore, tension is lowest when energy-vigor is greatest and vice versa. Vulnerability to tension increases at late night, early morning, and at other times when effort and stress have increased tiredness and reduced vigorousness. Extremely low activation on either dimension de-energizes the whole system. Although only two dimensions are assumed, the possibility of four or more activation dimensions is discussed.
The paradox in the privatization of Hungary's public housinhg: a national gift or a bad bargain?1

The vast majority of Hungary's publicly owned, rental housing, once heavily subsidized, has passed through privatization into owner-occupation. Most tenants hoped to gain a financial advantage by privatization. This study sets out to discover how far such expectations have been met. Bearing in mind the cost of neglected renovation, what does a new owner gain by acquiring ownership of the dwelling and what costs does he or she incur? The study shows that privatization has presented the tenants, who had already benefitted from subsidies, with a sizeable ‘national gift’. The bigger and better the home they rented, the greater their privatization gift. However, there is a paradox to analyse: why has the gift proved a burden to many recipients? The study also looks at how the adaptation occurring in the housing sector might be improved and how the losses of those who find themselves in a predicament after privatization might be reduced.
A survey of PTSD screening and referral practices in VA addiction treatment programs

Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) demonstrate worse outcomes following treatment for SUDs than do veterans with SUDs only, and so PTSD treatment may enhance SUD outcomes for patients. A survey of current practice patterns in VA SUD treatment programs was undertaken to determine their concurrence with emerging practice guidelines for the assessment and treatment of SUD-PTSD comorbidity. Clinicians in outpatient SUD clinics and/or inpatient SUD programs were surveyed in six VA medical centers in 1999 and 2001 (respondents n = 57 and n = 39, respectively). Although one half to two thirds of clinicians working with SUD patients routinely screen for trauma exposure and PTSD, few assessments are systematically conducted using validated measures. Routine referrals to PTSD specialty and dual-diagnosis programs and to veterans' centers are made by between 35% and 60% of providers across inpatient and outpatient settings. Implications for improvement of clinical outcomes are discussed.
Structure and Properties of Inhomogeneous Waves

Abstract The structure and properties of optical radiation are considered in terms of inhomogeneous waves propagating in isotropic absorbing media. Within the framework of the proposed representation, it is shown that the optical properties of inhomogeneous waves can be completely defined by three independent variables related to the degree of inhomogeneity of the wave, together with the ellipticity of the E and H components of the wave field. The values of these variables cannot be chosen completely arbitrarily. In a geometrical interpretation we consider these variables to be restricted to a three-dimensional region demarked by a ‘boundary wave surface’. The topology of this boundary wave surface and the possible types of inhomogeneous wave are investigated, and invariant relations are revealed. Simple and compact relations describing inhomogeneous waves are proposed.
The role of particles in the perception of flavors

Oral particles are produced when the tongue is pulled away from the palate and when the lips are parted (Kao et al. 1998). To explore the role of oral particles on flavor perception, experiments were designed to compare the perception of some food flavors under conditions that produce and do not produce oral particles. The minimum perceptible concentrations of 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-nonanone were determined when observers held their mouthparts still and when they were allowed to move their lips and tongues. The minimum perceptible concentration with mouthparts still was significantly higher than that with mouthparts moving. Flavor descriptors applied to mixtures of amino acids, salts and flavor potentiators, which were designed to simulate crab flavor, also shifted substantially when tasted with still versus moving mouthparts. The differences observed with still and moving mouthparts support the hypothesis that oral particles strongly influence flavor perception.
Distribution and characterization of cyclo (His-Pro)-like immuno-reactivity in the human gastrointestinal tract

Abstract Cyclo (His-Pro) [C(HP)] has been measured by radioimmunoassay in perchloric acid extracts of human gastrointestinal (GI) tract structures derived from autopsy sources and fresh colonic biopsies. C(HP) was identified in all regions of the human GI tract, ranging in concentrations from 599 ± 102 pg/mg protein in stomach, to 127 ± 26 pg/mg protein in esophagus. The mean concentration of C(HP) from colonic biopsies was 335 ± 30 pg/mg protein, statistically similar to values derived from postmortem sources. Since C(HP) concentrations are within the range of other gut peptide modulators, cyclo (His-Pro) is speculated to play a role as a new paracrine modulator of human GI tract function (s).
Phase transitions in heterogeneous films

The thermodynamics of monolayer films adsorbed on nonuniform substrates is analyzed in terms of arbitrary but well characterized substrate heterogeneity. It is shown that a combination of vapor-pressure isotherms of a two-phase film and high-resolution diffraction can yield the distribution functions of binding energy and of crystallite size. These distributions can be used as a basis for characterizing all films subject to similar adsorption forces. The effects of these distributions are discussed, with reference to single-phase regimes, phase boundaries of two-phase regions, triple-point melting, and second-order transitions. Several specific examples drawn from recent literature are discussed. A method is developed for unfolding ideal film behavior from measurements on well-characterized nonuniform substrates.
Effect of western U.S. snow cover on climate

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by International Glaciological Society and can be found at: http://www.igsoc.org/annals/.
Renovascular hypertension in Marfan syndrome.

A defect in fibrillin integrity predisposes patients with Marfan syndrome to vascular wall abnormalities, most notably aortic rupture and dissection. Renal vascular anomalies have not been described previously in children with Marfan syndrome. In this report, we detail data from a hypertensive 14-year-old girl with clinical stigmata of Marfan syndrome and a diagnostic evaluation significant for characteristic aortic root dilatation and aneurysm, as well as a disparity in renal size and function exacerbated by captopril administration. Renal arteriography confirmed a left main renal artery stenosis that was not amenable to balloon angioplasty. Surgical resection resulted in significant improvement in hypertension. Pathological examination of the resected renal artery segment revealed intimal proliferation, fragmentation of the elastic media, and inner medial dissection. This patient demonstrates that, in addition to the aorta, renal arteries can be affected with the characteristic vascular wall pathology of Marfan syndrome, resulting in systemic hypertension. These data suggest that children with Marfan syndrome and hypertension need to be evaluated carefully for the presence of renal anomalies.
REM and REELS identifications of atomic terminations at α-alumina (01̄1) surface

Abstract Reflection electron microscopy (REM), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) have been combined to investigate the atomic structures at a α-alumina (011) surface. The α-alumina (011) shows light and dark regions which are interpreted as arising from termination of the structure by O-rich and Al-rich layers. It is the reactions of these different top layers with the atmosphere that are considered to give quite different contrast domains in the REM images. The surface domains with O-rich termination are found to be flat and create strong reflection intensity. The surface regions terminated by Al-rich layers are found to be rough and easily form surface oxides with the adsorbed oxygen from air. The structure modulation in a surface monolayer can significantly affect the excitation property of the surface and reduce the main travelling distance of the electrons along the surface. It is demonstrated that the combined techniques of REM, RHEED and REELS are useful tools for studying the chemical reactions between surface monolayers with gases.
Ontogeny of growth hormone releasing hormone and insulin-like growth factors-I and -II messenger RNA in rat placenta.

Ontogeny of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factors-I and-II Messenger RNA in Rat Placenta
Metabolism of bovine semen. XVII. Oxidative metabolism of glutamate.

Abstract Factors influencing the oxidation of glutamate were studied with washed spermatozoa and with sperm extracts. The mechanism of CO 2 formation from glutamate did not involve direct nonoxidative decarboxylation to an appreciable extent, for anoxia inhibited the reaction. Both transaminase and glutamic dehydrogenase appeared to be involved. High levels of transaminase were previously reported and the dehydrogenase was detected spectrophotometrically in extracts from sperm acetone powders. Further evidence of the dehydrogenase was obtained from the stimulating effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on 14 CO 2 production from glutamate-1- 14 C by sperm extracts. The reaction involved α -ketoglutarate as a direct intermediate, since it diluted the 14 CO 2 from glutamate-1- 14 C. Evidence was obtained that the rate-limiting step occurred before or in the formation of α -ketoglutarate. Identified products of glutamate included aspartate, citrate, malate, succinate, lactate, fumarate, pyrrolidone carboxylate, and α -ketoglutarate.
Influence of guiding catheter selection on the measurement of coronary flow reserve

Abstract The impact of guiding catheter selection on the measurement of coronary flow reserve was assessed by injecting increasing doses of adenosine through 3 different catheters often used during coronary interventions. When guiding catheters with side holes were used, an approximate doubling of the adenosine dose was required to produce a coronary flow reserve response similar to a 12- μ g dose of adenosine injected through guiding catheters without side holes.
Mechanics of powders in the initial rearrangement stage of liquid-phase sintering

Abstract The mechanical response of powders in the initial rearrangement stage of liquid-phase sintering (LPS), where capillary force is the driving force for densification, is discussed in this paper. The model which is described in detail elsewhere [Xu, K., Mehrabadi, M.M., 1997, A micromechanical model for the initial rearrangement stage of liquid-phase sintering, Mech. Mater. 25, 137–157.] can be used to determine the dependence of the overall volume change on such factors as local liquid volume, uniformity of liquid distribution, contact angle, initial particle distance, initial confining pressure, particle size and viscosity. Here, the discussion is limited to the influence of macroscopic liquid volume ratio on the volume change behavior of the powder system. The results obtained are in qualitative agreement with the observation.
Statistical issues in ROC curve analysis

Using simulation studies and the data obtained from our clinical investigations, we are comparing some of the techniques commonly employed in ROC analysis. The general areas of our investigation include estimation of the area under the ROC curve and its associated standard error, comparison of the areas under two ROC curves, and simultaneous comparison of the areas under more than two ROC curves. For single ROC curves, maximum likelihood estimation based on the binormal model is being compared to the approximate area obtained using the Wilcoxon Statistic. Standard errors obtained from classical asymptotic theory are being evaluated and compared to standard errors based on jackknifing. With regard to the task of assessing differences in the diagnostic accuracies of two systems, our investigations have compared the maximum likelihood estimation method to a nonparametric method based on the Wilcoxon Statistic, focusing primarily on correlated observations, e.g., from readings of different modalities' images of the same patients. Extensions of existing methodology to the problem of comparing ROC areas from more than two modalities are being addressed as well as problems associated with the incorporation of multiple readers.
Proper function and defeating experiences

Jonathan Kvanvig has argued that what he terms “doxastic” theories of epistemic justification fail to account for certain epistemic features having to do with evidence. I’m going to give an argument roughly along these lines, but I’m going to focus specifically on proper function theories of justification or warrant. In particular, I’ll focus on Michael Bergmann’s recent proper function account of justification, though the argument applies also to Alvin Plantinga’s proper function account of warrant. The epistemic features I’m concerned about are experiences that should generate a believed defeater but don’t. I’ll argue that proper functionalism as it stands cannot account for the epistemic effects of these defeating experiences—or, at least, that it can only do so by embracing a deeply implausible view of our cognitive faculties. I’ll conclude by arguing that the only plausible option Bergmann has for modifying his theory undercuts the consideration that motivates proper functionalism in the first place.
Real-time assessment of a linear pyroelectric sensor array for object classication

Pyroelectric linear arrays can be used to generate profiles of targets. Simulations have shown that generated profiles can be used to classify human and animal targets. A pyroelectric array system was used to collect data and classify targets as either human or non-human in real time. The pyroelectric array system consists of a 128-element Dias 128LTI pyroelectric linear array, an F/0.86 germanium lens, and an 18F4550 pic microcontroller for A/D conversion and communication. The classifier used for object recognition was trained using data collected in petting zoos and tested using data collected at the US-Mexico border in Arizona.