cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic material strength measurement utilizing magnetically applied pressure-shear

Magnetically applied pressure-shear (MAPS) is a recently developed technique used to measure dynamic material strength developed at Sandia National Laboratories utilizing magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) drive pulsed power systems. MHD drive platforms generate high pressures by passing a large current through a pair of parallel plate conductors which, in essence, form a single turn magnet coil. Lorentz forces resulting from the interaction of the self-generated magnetic field and the drive current repel the plates and result in a high pressure ramp wave propagating in the conductors. This is the principle by which the Sandia Z Machine operates for dynamic material testing. MAPS relies on the addition of a second, external magnetic field applied orthogonally to both the drive current and the self-generated magnetic field. The interaction of the drive current and this external field results in a shear wave being induced directly in the conductors. Thus both longitudinal and shear stresses are generated. These stresses are coupled to a sample material of interest where shear strength is probed by determining the maximum transmissible shear stress in the state defined by the longitudinal compression. Both longitudinal and transverse velocities are measured via a specialized velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). Pressure and shear strength of the sample are calculated directly from the VISAR data. Results of tests on several materials at modest pressures (∼10GPa) will be presented and discussed.
Non-linear effects in dose-time analyses: application of modern statistical techniques

Abstract Background and purpose : The non-linear effect of overall treatment time and total dose on the outcome of fractionated head and neck radiotherapy is of interest. This and other non-linear effects can be investigated using recently developed statistical techniques. This article provides an illustration of the ability of these statistical methods. Materials and methods : Recently developed statistical methods (Hastie, T.J. and Tibshirani, R.J. Generalised Additive Models. Chapman-Hall, London, 1990), called generalized additive models, are applied to data from the patterns of fractionation study (Withers, H.R., Peters, L.J., Taylor, J.M.G., Owen, J.B., Morrison, W.H., Schultheiss, T.E., Keane, T., O'Sullivan, B., van Dyk, J., Gupta, N., Wang, C.C., Jones, C.U., Doppke, K.P., Myint, S., Thompson, M., Parsons, J.T., Mendenhall, W.M., Dische, S., Aird, E.G.A., Henk, J.M., Bidmead, M.A.M., Svoboda, V., Chon, Y., Hanlon, A.L., Peters, T.L. and Hanks, G.E. Local control of carcinoma of the tonsil by radiation therapy: an analysis of patterns of fractionation in nine institutions. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 33: 549–562, 1995) of tonsil cancer. These techniques enable one to develop models which more accurately represent the relationship between multivariate predictor variables and the outcome variable in a regression analysis. These data driven methods allow the effect of each predictor variable on the outcome to be nonlinear and estimated from the data. This is achieved by replacing the standard linear model combination of predictor variables, such as ‘α 0 + α 1 dose + α 2 time' by ‘ S 1 (dose) + S 2 (time)', where S 1 and S 2 are smooth non-linear functions of dose and time, respectively, which are estimated from the data. Results : In the pattern of fractionation study these methods indicate that the effect of total dose on the probability of local recurrence is linear, but there is a suggestion that the effect of overall treatment time is non-linear. There is no effect of dose and time on the latency time to recurrence of those who do recur, but there is a weak suggestion of a non-linear effect of patients age, with younger patients recurring earlier. Conclusions : Generalized additive models provide a flexible and powerful means of exploring non-linear effects in experimental data.
A method for eliminating bacterial contamination from in vitro moss cultures

Premise of the study: Bacterial contamination is a major problem in plant tissue culture, resulting in loss of experimental strains or preventing use of field-collected isolates. Here we evaluated an agar embedding method for eliminating bacteria from experimental cultures of the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Physcomitrella patens. Methods and Results: We blended moss protonema that had been inoculated with bacteria and embedded the cell fragments in antibiotic-containing, low-concentration agar. The plants were placed in a growth chamber and allowed to grow until the moss grew out of the media. The plants were then transferred to new plates and observed for contamination. The embedding method consistently outperformed standard procedures. Conclusions: The embedding method places moss in direct contact with antibiotics, arresting bacterial replication and allowing moss to outgrow contamination. We anticipate this method will prove valuable for other plants capable of clonal propagation by blending.
Structure and stability of Sb/Au(1 1 0)-c(2 · 2) surface phase

Adsorption of 0.5 monolayers (ML) of Sb on the Au(1 1 0) surface resulted in the formation of a c(2 x 2) surface reconstruction. Analysis of surface X-ray diffraction data by a direct method revealed the existence of an ordered substitutional surface alloy, with every other hollow site occupied by Au and Sb atoms. Quantitative conventional {chi}{sup 2} refinement showed a contraction of 0.12 {+-} 0.03 Angstroms in the spacing of the first Au layer to the second, an expansion of 0.13 {+-} 0.03 Angstroms in the second-to-third layer distance, and an inward Sb displacement (rumpling) of 0.21 {+-} 0.04 Angstroms. This surface phase proved to be extremely robust, with the long-range order of this arrangement remaining up to substrate temperatures of 900 K.
A three dimensional soft matter cell model for mechanotransduction

An active multiscale three-dimensional (3D) soft matter cell model is developed to study the mechanotransduction of stem cells in an attempt to explain mechanical information exchange between the cells and their extracellular environment. In the proposed soft matter cell model, the cortical actin–myosin flow or the cytoplasmic flow is modeled as an active nematic fluid gel, the cell nucleus is modeled as a hyperelastic medium, and the ligand–receptor interaction between the cell and extracellular matrix is modeled by a coarse-grained molecular adhesive potential. We have implemented the soft matter cell model in a Lagrange type meshfree Galerkin formulation, and we have developed computational algorithms for adhesive contact between the cell and substrate. A comparison study with experimental data has been conducted to validate the parameters of the cell model. By using the soft matter cell model, we have simulated soft adhesive contact/spreading process between the cell and the extracellular substrate. The numerical simulation shows that the cell can sense substrate elasticity in a variety of different ways from cell spreading motion to cell shape and configuration changes.
Arterial spin labeling CMR quantifies increased perfusion in hearts of mice treated with cardioprotective, AAV9-mediated EcSOD gene therapy prior to myocardial infarction

Introduction Experimental myocardial infarction (MI), direct gene transfer with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors and CMR in mice are powerful tools for studying the roles of individual genes in MI and post-MI left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) enables the quantification of myocardial perfusion (MP) by CMR, but is sensitive to variable heart rates and irregular respiration, prohibiting accurate measurement early after MI. We developed a cardio-respiratory gated (CRG) ASL method that is insensitive to these factors to measure MP in mice.
Recreating and extending Japanese automobile buyer'supplier links in north America

We compare buyer'supplier links established by pairs of Japanese-owned automobile assemblers and component manufacturers operating in Japan and in North America during 1989-90. Eight assemblers and more than 170 Japanese component manufacturers had established North American manufacturing facilities. In total, Japanese automobile assembly organizations operating in North America had recreated about a quarter of their Japanese supply links. The suppliers that set up North American facilities had recreated almost 60 percent of their links with traditional buyers and formed more than 16 percent of the possible extension links with new assembler partners. We identify several economic and organizational factors that influence whether an existing buyer'supplier link will be recreated in a new location and whether firms that do not have a buyer'supplier relationship at home will form an extension link in the new location. We find that the presence of a long-term buyer'supplier relationship, buyer and supplier entry timing to the new location, the joint venture status of the buyer, supplier size, and the breadth of a supplier's sales base in the home market influence the likelihood that links will be recreated and extension links will be formed.
THE USE OF MODERATED REGRESSION IN JOB REDESIGN DECISIONS

This paper describes the use of moderated regression in job redesign decisions. The procedures outlined are intended to augment the job redesign strategy described by Hackman and his colleagues. Different regression models based on a theory of job design are shown to lead to different job redesign decisions. Comparisons are also made between the moderated regression procedures and the more commonly used subgroups analysis.
Comparative immunology: the hemolytic complement system of the anuran amphibian, Bufo marinus.

Abstract 1. 1. The marine toad, Bufo marinus , was found to have a hemolytic complement system closely resembling the complement-mediated hemolytic system of the higher vertebrates. 2. 2. With certain exceptions, results indicate marine toad complement to be comparable to guinea pig complement on the basis of kinetics, dose response and reaction to inactivation procedures, such as heat and EDTA.
Pocket pagers in lots of one CIM

The Fusion program, a method for agile, flexible computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) at Motorola's Paging Products Group, is discussed. Fusion's CIM and automated assembly system can manufacture a wide variety of different products on the same production line. The development of the Fusion program and how it differs from its predecessor, the Bandit program, are described. >
Intracellular biochemical manipulation of phototransduction in detached rod outer segments.

Abstract Recent progress in understanding phototransduction has come primarily from studies on cell-free systems. To investigate the transduction process under physiological conditions, a fully functional preparation of retinal rod outer segments without attached inner segments was developed that allows electrical recording of light-sensitive current during intracellular dialysis with defined solutions. No light-sensitive current is recorded from detached outer segments dialyzed with nucleotide-free solutions, whereas cells detached from the retina into Ringer's solution containing 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) develop a light-sensitive inward dark current. This indicates that there is a basal level of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity in the dark. Detached outer segments dialyzed with greater than or equal to 20 microM cGMP rapidly develop a light-suppressible current. A current of similar magnitude is generated more slowly during dialysis with a 50-fold greater concentration of GTP. Apparently, cGMP can be synthesized from GTP by guanylate cyclase in the outer segment. Cells dialyzed with cGMP alone show a reduced light sensitivity that is restored to normal by addition of 20 microM GTP. This action of GTP is antagonized by guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate. These findings are in good agreement with biochemical evidence indicating that a GTP-binding protein (transducin) plays a pivotal role in the generation of responses to light. The recovery of photocurrent following a brief flash is delayed or abolished by dialysis with solutions that lack ATP or contain guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable GTP analog. These results support the view that both GTP hydrolysis by activated transducin and ATP-dependent phosphorylation of a rhodopsin photoproduct are necessary for termination of the transduction process.
Bargaining costs and regulation induced cost distortions

Abstract The regulated rate of return of most public utilities exceeds the cost of capital. Also, the regulated utility and its customers present evidence in rate hearings to influence the commission's decision. The negotiation and lobbying activity in turn affects the firm's choice of factors. As the price of additional negotiation rises, the firm is less willing to continue these discussions and instead will rely on other, non-negotiated profit sources such as traditional Averch-Johnson overcapitalization. This hypothesis is empirically supported by a 1970 cross section of 168 steam electric plants.
Structure of propene in heterogeneous catalysis: II. Isomerization of propene by atomic nickel and magnesium

Abstract Unstable π-propene-metal complexes are formed when excess propene is co-condensed with atomic nickel or magnesium. During the formation and decomposition of these complexes, the ligand undergoes a double-bond isomerization by a 1,3-hydrogen shift. Infrared and mass spectroscopic data from CD 3 CH CH 2 /metal complexes show metal-induced, sequential, intramolecular, hydrogen exchange reactions: CD 3 CHCH 2 → CH 2 DCHCD 2 → cis -CHD 2 2CHCHD → trans -CHD 2 CHCHD. No π-allyl species is observed during these reactions. The low decomposition temperatures of π-propene-nickel and -magnesium complexes (both about −140 °C) and the low isomerization activation energies (less than ∼0.5 kcal/mol) suggest direct formation of isomerization products from the π-propenes without the intervention of any allyl intermediates. The π-propene may also be the only surface species necessary to account for the products in isomerization, hydrogen exchange and hydrogenation reactions of propene on zinc oxide catalyst.
Convolutionally Encoded Memory Protection

A memory protection technique is described in which individually code-protected memory cells are supplemented with redundant memory cells derived from the basic cells according to the rules of a short constraint length convolutional code. The technique is found to be far more protective against faults than memory duplication. The method of clearing up faults is extremely simple—only slightly more complex than with memory duplication.
Evidence that Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Is Not a Major Prolactin-Releasing Factor during Suckling in the Rat*

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TRH could be an important PRL-releasing factor during suckling in the rat. Plasma PRL, TSH, beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, and GH responses in serial blood samples from unanesthetized suckled rats were determined. The resulting hormonal profile was compared with that obtained when TRH (500 ng/kg BW, iv) was injected at the onset of suckling. Suckling evoked a rise in plasma levels of PRL, beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, and GH, but not in TSH. In contrast, exogenous TRH caused a 9-fold increase in plasma TSH levels during suckling without further increasing the PRL response. Since plasma PRL responses are reportedly enhanced by previous suckling, we also determined plasma PRL and TSH levels when TRH (25 ng/rat, iv) was given 30 min after a brief suckling episode. TRH caused a 2.5-fold increase in plasma TSH, but did not significantly increase plasma PRL levels. Since suckling increases plasma PRL without increasing plasma TSH, and TRH increases TSH but not PRL levels, we conclude that TRH is not a major PRL-releasing factor during suckling.
Prediction of a stable free standing nitrogen oligomer

Abstract Density Functional Theory is used to predict the possibility of a double chain nitrogen oligomer. Calculation of the frequencies of the normal modes for various chain lengths show no negative frequencies indicating the structures are stationary states. The calculations indicate that this nitrogen oligomer can exist without the need to be stabilized inside carbon nanotubes or between graphene planes as has been predicted for other forms of nitrogen oligomers. It is also predicted that the oligomer is semiconducting. The calculations also show that the material is quite stable and on decomposition to n [N 2 ] is more exothermic than any existing energetic material.
Possibility for oxygen relaxation below 15 K in superconducting Tl2Ba2CuO6 + x

Abstract Previous high-pressure experiments to 0.8 GPa on a superconducting Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 + x crystal have revealed for temperatures above 55 K distinct low- and high-temperature relaxation processes, presumably originating in the oxygen sublattice. In the present experiment, a minute ∼1 μg piece of the same crystal is placed in a diamond-anvil cell loaded with dense helium and subjected to ∼ 6 GPa hydrostatic pressure, depressing T c from 40 K to 9 K. Relaxation in T c is observed for temperatures as low as 13 K.
Indolent and mantle cell NHL: the future is BRIGHT

In this issue of Blood , Flinn et al report a phase 3 study demonstrating similar complete response rates with bendamustine and rituximab compared with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) or rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (R
Ectopic atypical parathyroid lipoadenoma: a rare cause of severe primary hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid lipoadenomas are a rare and benign variant of parathyroid adenomas that are defined morphologically by an abundance of fat cells. They may be functional with secretion of parathyroid hormone or nonfunctional. We present a case of a parathyroid lipoadenoma in a patient presenting with clinical manifestations of severe primary hyperparathyroidism. Unusual features in this case included the ectopic location of the lipoadenoma in the mediastinum, the significant size of 6.6 × 3.4 cm, and weight of 30.1 g. In addition to the large size of this generally benign type of parathyroid neoplasm, histologic findings included focal band-forming fibrosis compatible with the diagnosis of an atypical parathyroid adenoma. In conclusion, this case illustrates a difficult case of an ectopic functioning parathyroid lipoadenoma with chronic sequelae due to severe hyperparathyroidism.
Lateral preoptic and lateral hypothalamic units: in search of the osmoreceptors for thirst.

Abstract Single unit activity was recorded from a variety of brain structures after subcutaneous injection of 16 percent NaCl. Units of the lateral preoptic area (LPO), lateral hypothalamic area (LH) and tractus striohypothalamicus changed activity patterns prior to the behaviorally determined onset of drinking (5.73 min) and had estimated osmolality thresholds less than those associated with the behavioral onset of drinking (1.91 percent). Five distinct activity patterns were recorded for these osmotically sensitive cells. Units from other brain areas either showed no response or responded with activity changes not related to the onset of drinking. The role of LPO and LH cells as osmoreceptors for drinking behavior is discussed.
Influence of Clocking and Vane/Blade Spacing on the Unsteady Surface Pressure Loading for a Modern Stage and One-Half Transonic Turbine

This paper describes pressure measurements obtained for a modern one and one-half stage turbine. As part of the experimental effort, the position of the HPT vane was clocked relative to the downstream LPT vane to determine the influence of vane clocking on both the steady and unsteady pressure loadings on the LPT vane and the HPT blade. In addition, the axial location of the HPT vane relative to the HPT blade was changed to investigate the combined influence of vane/blade spacing and clocking on the unsteady pressure loading. Time-averaged and time-accurate surface-pressure results are presented for several spanwise locations on the vanes and blade. Results were obtained at four different HPT vane-clocking positions and at two different vane/blade axial spacings for three (of the four) clocking positions. For time-averaged results, the effect of clocking is small on the HPT blade and vane. The influence of clocking on the transition ducts and the LPT vane is slightly greater (on the order of ±1%). Reduced HPT vane/blade spacing has a larger effect than clocking on the HPT vanes and blades (±3%) depending upon the particular surface. Examining the data at blade passing and the first fundamental frequency, the effect of spacing does not produce a dramatic influence on the relative changes that occur between clocking positions. The results demonstrate that clocking and spacing effects on the surface pressure loading are very complex and may introduce problems if the results of measurements or analysis made at one span or location in the machine are extrapolated to other sections.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Assay of bovine fibrinopeptides by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract A method for separating small amounts ( −5 mol) of bovine fibrinopeptides A and B employing high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The limit of detectability of this method is about 10 −10 mol of fibrinopeptide. The separation was achieved within 20 min under reversed phase conditions using isocratic elution with aqueous buffer-acetonitrile solvent systems.
Developing Library Websites Optimized for Mobile Devices

The article explores the development of library web sites optimized for mobile devices. Topics to be covered will include beginning the process of developing for mobile devices, assessing project goals, text-based contact with library staff, and mobile device emulators.
Gravity jitter response slosh wave excitation on the fluid in a rotating dewar

The present study investigates the dynamical behavior of fluids, in particular, the effect of surface tension on partially filled fluids in a rotating dewar in a microgravity environment. It is shown that there is a group of wave trains, both in longitudinal and transverse modes, with various frequencies and wavelengths of slosh waves generated by the restoring field force field of gravity jitters and centrifugal forces. The longest wave periods of slosh waves, either the longitudinal or transverse modes, are found to be responsible for the production of wave modes with the highest ratio of maximum wave amplitude to wavelength. The lower frequency slosh waves are the wave modes with higher wave energy than that of the higher frequency slosh waves.
THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL AND INTEGRITY CHECKING

Quality control techniques and separable connector reliability for use at cryogenic temperatures
A statistical mechanical calculation of the thermodynamic properties of interstitial solid solutions involving second nearest neighbor interactions

A previous calculation of the thermodynamic properties of interstitial solid solutions based on the technique of Kirkwood expansions has been extended to include the effects of second nearest neighbor solute atom mutual interactions. The error inherent in the first order (or quasi-chemical) counting of the degeneracy of the solution crystal is avoided. It is shown that, at high temperatures, even strong second nearest neighbor solute mutual interactions have a negligible effect on the entropy of the solution and a small, temperature-dependent effect on the solute partial enthalpy.
The Future of the IEEE Computer Society: Keeping Pace with Technology

The computer industry is undergoing a transformation unlike anything seen in the past 20 years. Cloud computing and social networking, are profoundly changing the nature of computing products and services. The IEEE Computer Society is witnessing a tremendous change to which it must adapt if it's to maintain its high relevance to the engineering profession.
Placebos in dentistry: their profound potential effects

This article will acquaint the general practitioner with factors that influence the placebo effect, possible placebo mechanisms, and how the placebo effect can be ethically integrated into dental practice. The placebo effect may influence the treatment of patients with postextraction pain, localized osteitis, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, to name a few. The patient, the doctor, and the situation all influence the placebo effect. This phenomenon is still not understood, and further research is needed. The practitioner should learn to utilize the placebo effect for its potential benefits.
Regions of response transition of color-coded retinal units and an attempted, analogy to behavioral response transition

Electrophysiological responses obtained from single color-coded red-green ganglion ceils of the goldfish retina were analyzed in terms of the spectral region within which response transitions occur. The data showed that criteria for response transitions can be characterized by a frequency change with the stipulation that the same number of “on” and “off” spikes occur to the same wavelength(s). The overall spectral band within which response transition occurs is 570–620 nm. The physiological response ranges were compared to psychophysical unique-yellow responses and other “yellow” judgments. The former were displaced towards the longer wavelengths as predicted by the different pigment peaks. The response characteristics of sharp boundaries and relative invariance with intensity changes provided the basis of an analogy of the two response systems.
Critical comparison of folded potential and deformed potential models of heavy-ion inelastic scattering

Abstract We give a comparative review of the use of the deformed potential and folded potential models for the analysis of data from the inelastic scattering of heavy ions and alpha particles. Representative cases are studied. It is shown that use of the deformed potential can very significantly underestimate the corresponding nuclear transition rate by amounts that increase strongly as the multipolarity increases. Some criticism of the implicit folding procedure is also offered.
Simultaneous in situ measurement of substrate temperature and layer thickness using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) during molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is used for in situ measurements of temperature transient and temperature drift during MBE growth of AlAs GaAs and InGaAs GaAs layered structures. The experimental results are compared together with pyrometric interferometry (PI) measurement taken concurrently. Our results show that DRS is a viable method for in situ real-time monitoring of both substrate temperature and layer thickness.
Improved Synthesis of Capuramycin and Its Analogues

Capuramycin and its congeners are considered to be important lead molecules for the development of a new drug for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies of capuramycin to improve the efficacy have been limited because of difficulties in selectively chemically modifying the desired position(s) of the natural product with biologically interesting functional groups. We have developed efficient syntheses of capuramycin and its analogues by using new protecting groups, derived from the chiral (chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)(chlorophenyl)methanols, for the uridine ureido nitrogen and primary alcohol. The chiral nonracemic (2,6-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methanol derivative is a useful reagent to resolve rac-3-amino-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, the (S)-configuration isomer of which plays a significant role in improving the mycobactericidal activity of capuramycin.
Differential variational inequalities and shipper dynamic oligopolistic network competition

Abstract In this paper, we show that the differential Cournot–Nash game describing dynamic oligopolistic network competition may be articulated as a differential variational inequality involving both control and state variables. We exploit this formulation to establish necessary conditions, an existence theorem and a nonconvex functional mathematical programming formulation. We show by example that, despite its nonconvexity, this mathematical program may be solved by the multi-start global optimization scheme found in the off-the-shelf software package GAMS when used in conjunction with the commercial solver MINOS. We also present a detailed numerical example. For that example, freight trip tables, formed ex post from the shipment patterns that are solutions to the dynamic oligopolistic network competition model we present, exhibit substantial temporal fluctuations. These observations are significant for they suggest that shippers must be extremely astute and capable of dramatically and rapidly altering production and distribution schedules if they are to compete in the final goods market successfully. If distribution services are provided by separate freight carriers, those carriers must be able to survive in a feast-or-famine environment.
CUED FORGETTING: SHORT-TERM MEMORY EFFECT

Summary.-This study investigated the effectiveness of a "forgetting cue" under different inter-stimdus intervals. Each S had each combination of 3 list conditions (2 trigrams, no cue; 2 trigrams, with cue; 1 trigram) and 3 interstimulus intervals (6, 15, and 40 sec.). Recall of the second trigram was measured. Performance with the cue was significantly bertet at 6 and 15 sec., while at 40 sec., there was no difference between 3 list conditions. Findings from a series of studies show that, if S is given pairs of items separated by an interpolated task, recall of the second item can be significantly increased (by reducing PI) on trials when a "forgetting cue" is presented just prior to the onset of the second item. This finding has been demonstrated for interstimulus intervals (ISI) up to 15 sec. (Bjork, LaBerge, & Legrand, 1968; Turvey & Wittlinger, 1969). These findings suggest that at least during the intervals investigated, S has control of the processing of a particular item. Block (1971) has suggested that the cue could have an effect either by allowing S to devote mote rehearsal capaclry to the second item or by enabling S to use the cue as a "tag" to enhance the discriminabilicy between items (supporting the second alternative). An obvious question concerns the upper-limit of S's control of the processing of an item. Most models of memory which distinguish between short- and long-term memory as distinct systems would limit such control to an item while it is in short-term memory (see Norman, 1970). If this 3ssumption is correct, one would expect the effectiveness of the cue to depend directly on ISI. At intervals which exceed the duration of STM, one would expect the cue to have no effect on the recall of the second item, since presumably each item would be in a separate memory system. An interaction between presence or absence of a cue to forget and length of interstimulus interval was expected. A 3 x 3 within-Ss design was used, generating 9 different experimental conditions. One IV was list type (2 trigrams, no forgetting cue; 2 trigrams forgetting cue; one trigram), and the other n7 was inter-stimulus interval (6, 15, or 40 sec.). Ss were 18 undergraduate volunteers who received a total of 54 lists in 6 blocks of 9 lists each; order of presentation of blocks was counterbalanced. Each condition appeared once per block. Stimuli were presented on a memory drum.
Prospective Evaluation for Pneumonectomy Using Perfusion Scanning: Follow-Up beyond One Year

Thirty-eight high-risk patients (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] less than 2.0L or maximum voluntary ventilation [MVV] less than 50 percent of predicted) were observed for a minimum of one year after pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Operability was assessed by calculating a predicted postoperative FEV1 (based on the right-center fractional perfusion estimated by a perfusion lung scan) and requiring this predicted postoperative value to exceed 800 ml. No other invasive physiologic studies were performed before surgery. At one year, 23 of 38 patients were still alive, and 13 of 38 patients survived to the end of the second year. At five years, two of 15 patients were alive with no evidence of metastatic disease. This simple physiologic approach involves widely available techniques and, in patients with lung cancer who have compromised pulmonary function, appears to result in acceptable survival over a longer period.
Size effects in He II as measured by fourth sound

Fourth-sound measurements are used to determine the depletion in the superfluid density ρs which occurs in the helium filled small pores of packed powders. The measurements also give the reduction in superfluid onset temperature. The pore size distribution of several samples was determined from desorption isotherms. Using this distribution and an independent pore model, calculations based on the Ginzburg-Pitaevskii ansatz with a healing length first proposed by Mamaladze are found to be in good agreement with experimental results in several cases. The superfluid onset temperature seems to be determined by the average pore size. Fourth-sound measurements as a function of temperatureT in large pore geometries accurately give ρs ∼ (Tλ −T)2/3 in the neighborhood of the lambda temperatureTλ.
The Edition-Literate Singer: Edition Selection as an Information Literacy Competency

Many young singers are unaware that the edition of a piece they select may differ greatly from a different edition of the same piece. The proliferation of free and easily accessible public domain scores online has complicated the process of selection and has favored convenience over quality. This article explains how the evaluation of scores is a valid information literacy competency and details steps that music librarians can take to promote evaluation of editions among undergraduate vocal music majors.
Histologic Evaluation of the Safety of Copper Sulfate to Channel Catfish

Abstract A histological study was done to evaluate the effect of waterborne exposures of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish were exposed daily for 11 consecutive days to three concentrations of CuSO4 representing one, three, and five times the recommended therapeutic level based on the total alkalinity. Fish were treated with CuSO4 in water flow-through tanks at a flow rate of 0.633 L/min. More than half the Cu was flushed in 1 h, which is similar to the elimination rates in ponds (due to the rapid uptake of Cu by aquatic plants or algae and the binding to organic and inorganic material). All fish were clinically normal and no fish died during the experiment. All examined tissues were grossly and histologically normal as well. The absence of histological lesions was attributed to the brief daily exposure to copper and to moderate total alkalinity and total hardness of the well water used. The results of this study suggest that CuSO4 is safe for channel catfish p...
Synthesis of 13C-labeled verapamil compounds

Two 13C-labeled verapamil compounds were prepared. 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-5-[2–(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-1–[13C]-ethyl)methylamino]-valeronitrile was synthesized from 2–(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1–[13C]-ethylamine, which was prepared from 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl chloride by displacement with 13C-labeled KCN followed by diborane reduction. 2-(3,4-Di-[13C]-methoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-5–[2–(3,4-di–[13C]-methoxyphenethyl)methylamino]-valeronitrile containing 50% incorporation of 13C in the N-methyl group was prepared via demethylation of verapamil and subsequent re-methylation with 13C-labeled CH3I.
Conceptual design of a prestressed concrete reactor pressure vessel

Abstract A conceptual design of a horizontal cylindrical prestressed concrete reactor pressure vessel for housing a large gas-cooled high power-density reactor and power generating equipment is presented. The evolution of the geometry of the vessel design is described. Structural considerations for a full chamber-size opening are outlined. The choice of tendons and anchorages is discussed. Consideration is given to the practical aspects of construction.
Multiple objectives and non-separability in stochastic dynamic programming

A general separable class of stochastic multiobjective optimization problems with perfect state information is considered. A generating approach using a stochastic multiobjective dynamic programming method is developed to find the set of non-inferior solutions. The results reveal the variation of the optimal weighting coefficient vector along a non-inferior trajectory. Non-separability is not an inherent property of dynamic programming. A general class of non-separable dynamic problems can be transformed into corresponding separable multiobjective dynamic programming problems. Multiobjective dynamic programming is shown to be a separation strategy to solve non-separable dynamic programming.
METROPOLITAN AGGLOMERATION AND SECTORAL AGGREGATION

. This paper proposes a procedure with which sectoral production functions can be aggregated to metropolitan production functions in the presence of external economies of scale. The procedure specifies the production functions as part of general equilibrium models. Consistency of a one-sector and a two-sector general equilibrium model is defined in terms of equality of the distribution of a nation's population over its metropolitan areas in autarky.
Stability of spherically symmetric solutions in modified theories of gravity

In recent years, a number of alternative theories of gravity have been proposed as possible resolutions of certain cosmological problems or as toy models for possible but heretofore unobserved effects. However, the implications of such theories for the stability of structures such as stars have not been fully investigated. We use our ``generalized variational principle,'' described in a previous work [M. D. Seifert and R. M. Wald, Phys. Rev. D 75, 084029 (2007)], to analyze the stability of static spherically symmetric solutions to spherically symmetric perturbations in three such alternative theories: Carroll et al.'s $f(R)$ gravity, Jacobson and Mattingly's ``Einstein-\ae{}ther theory,'' and Bekenstein's TeVeS theory. We find that in the presence of matter, $f(R)$ gravity is highly unstable; that the stability conditions for spherically symmetric curved vacuum Einstein-\ae{}ther backgrounds are the same as those for linearized stability about flat spacetime, with one exceptional case; and that the ``kinetic terms'' of vacuum TeVeS theory are indefinite in a curved background, leading to an instability.
Dementia-free centenarians.

Abstract Background A small percentage of centenarians, about 15–25%, are functionally cognitively intact. Among those who are not cognitively intact at 100, approximately 90% delayed the onset of clinically evident impairment at least until the average age of 92 yr. Objective To review current and past findings related to the prevalence and incidence of dementia amongst the exceptionally long-lived. Methods Findings from the various centenarian studies, world-wide, are reviewed. Results Neuropsychological and neuropathological correlations thus far suggest that there are centenarians who demonstrate no evidence of neurodegenerative disease. There also appear to be centenarians who despite the substantial presence of neuropathological markers of Alzheimer's disease did not meet clinical criteria for having dementia, thus suggesting the existence of cognitive reserve. Epigenic studies suggest a significant familial component to these survival advantages. Conclusion Centenarians are of scientific interest as a human model of relative resistance to dementia.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic colectomy: 70 cases-one surgeon

This study reviewed the use of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for colon resection. We described the six-year experience of one minimally invasive fellowship-trained surgeon performing 70 consecutive colectomies using the da Vinci system. Between September 2002 and 2007, data on 70 patients undergoing robotic colectomy for diverticular disease, polyps, cancer, or carcinoid tumor were collected. Operations were right colectomy and sigmoid colectomy. A total of 38 right and 32 sigmoid colectomies were performed in 32 males and 38 females. The postoperative diagnoses were diverticular disease (19), polyps (36), cancer (13), and carcinoid (2). Times for the right colectomies were: port setup time 33.6 ± 12.1 (20–64) min, robotic time 147.2 ± 44.4 (53–306) min, and total case time 221.3 ± 43.7 (150–380) min. The estimated blood loss (EBL) was 53.9 ± 78.2 (15–500) ml, the body mass index (BMI) 27.2 ± 4.2 (17–36.8) kg/m2, and the median length of stay (LOS) 3 (2–27) days. The robotic portion represented 66.5 % of the total case time. Times for the sigmoid colectomies were: port setup time 30.0 ± 9.8 (10–57) min, robotic time 101.8 ± 25.3 (67–165) min, and total case time 228.4 ± 40.5 (147–323) min. The EBL was 71.2 ± 47.9 (15–200) ml, the BMI 27.1 ± 4.9 (17.0–40.5) kg/m2, and the median LOS 4 (2–27) days. The robotic portion represented 44.6% of the total case time. Eight different types of complication occurred. Eight cases were converted—five to open and three to laparoscopic. Two resulted from robot malfunction. Residents participated in 40 cases (57.1%). In the years 2002–2006, respectively, 5, 12, 10, 11, and 19 robotic colectomies were performed. In the first nine months of 2007, 13 robotic colectomies were performed. These 70 consecutive cases have demonstrated robotic colectomy to be a safe and technically feasible approach. The number of robotic colectomies performed each year has steadily increased over the last six years. This series compared favorably with other robotic series in length of hospital stay, conversion rates, and total case time.
In Band Absorption of Monovalent Impurities in Sodium Chloride

In this paper preliminary results of an investigation of the far infrared absorption spectrum of sodium chloride containing monovalent impurities are reported. in recent thermal conductivity measurements on this system Caldwell and Klein (1) observed depressions of the thermal conductivity curves which were asymmetrical with respect to the peak and interpreted their results in terms of scattering of phonons by lattice resonant modes associated with the impurities. A shell model was used to describe the phonons of the perfect lattice and a simple model of the impure lattice was assumed. This involved a change of mass at the defect site together with a change of central force constant to the six nearest neighbors. This model was only moderately successful in predicting the shape of the thermal conductivity curves and the present work was undertaken in order to obtain more detailed information about the resonance modes responsible for the thermal conductivity depressions.
Nonlinear image enhancement to improve face detection in complex lighting environment

A robust and efficient image enhancement technique has been developed to improve the visual quality of digital images that exhibit dark shadows due to the limited dynamic ranges of imaging and display devices which are incapable of handling high dynamic range scenes. The proposed technique processes images in two separate steps: dynamic range compression and local contrast enhancement. Dynamic range compression is a neighborhood dependent intensity transformation which is able to enhance the luminance in dark shadows while keeping the overall tonality consistent with that of the input image. The image visibility can be largely and properly improved without creating unnatural rendition in this manner. A neighborhood dependent local contrast enhancement method is used to enhance the images contrast following the dynamic range compression. Experimental results on the proposed image enhancement technique demonstrates strong capability to improve the performance of convolutional face finder compared to histogram equalization and multiscale Retinex with color restoration without compromising the false alarm rate.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the angioarchitecture of the ciliary body of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus).

Objective To examine the angioarchitecture of the ciliary body in the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), through the use of three-dimensional reconstruction. Procedure Specimens from West Indian manatee were preserved in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, serial sectioned and stained by Masson trichrome for light microscopic three-dimensional reconstruction and evaluation. Results The network of blood vessels in the ciliary processes of the West Indian manatee is fed by the major arterial circle that lies mostly near the base of the iris. The branching arterioles give rise to a capillary-sinusoidal bed that extends internally along each process, emptying into two sets of veins, one being elevated. The elevated and nonelevated veins join posteriorly before emptying into the choroidal venous system. Conclusions The angioarchitecture of the ciliary body of the West Indian manatee is clearly unique when compared to those previously examined in land mammals. Three-dimensional reconstruction of paraffin sections is an effective means to evaluate vascular patterns in ocular specimens, especially those unavailable for corrosion casting.
The effect of respondents' just world beliefs and target person's social worth and awareness-of-risk on perceptions of a person with AIDS

The present research examined how individuals' just world beliefs affected their perceptions of a person with AIDS who was depicted as having contracted the HIV virus while either aware or unaware of health risks, and who was defined as either high or low in general social deservingness or worth. Dependent variables included respondents' affective reactions to the person with AIDS, their willingness to allocate resources to him, and their perception of the fairness or the unfairness both of his general plight and that various types of resources be given to him. Results indicated that those who were higher in just world beliefs were more emotionally negative to the other with AIDS, they were less willing to contribute resources to him, and they felt that it was less fair that such resource transfers be required. Similar response patterns were found when the other with AIDS was described as lower in social worth and when he was depicted as having contracted AIDS with full awareness of health risks. Implications of the findings were discussed in terms of how psychological theories of justice might inform health care policy.
Reactions of ethynyl radicals - Rate constants with CH4, C2H6, and C2D6

An experiment to measure ethynyl radical reactivity with other simple molecules is described. Flash photolysis of CF3C2H, a C2H precursor, was kinetically and spectroscopically analyzed for C2H reactions with CH4, C2H6, and C2D6 and rate constants for the abstraction reaction at room temperature were determined. The experimental apparatus is described, and the acetylene feedstock purification procedures are outlined. Rate constants are provided, and additional examination of the effects of added helium showed no alterations over the pressure range 20-700 torr.