cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary fat mediates hyperglycemia and the glucogenic response to increased protein consumption in an insect, Manduca sexta L.

Many insects display non-homeostatic regulation over blood sugar level. The concentration of trehalose varies dramatically depending on physiological and nutritional state. In the absence of dietary carbohydrate, blood trehalose in larvae of the lepidopteran insect Manduca sexta is maintained by gluconeogenesis and is dependent on dietary protein consumption. In the present study, the effect of dietary fat on the glucogenic response of insects to increased dietary protein was examined by NMR analysis of (2-13C)pyruvate metabolism. Last instar larvae were maintained on a carbohydrate-free chemically defined artificial diet having variable levels of casein with and without corn oil. Gluconeogenic flux, the ratio of the rate of gluconeogenesis to the rate of glycolysis, was estimated from the 13C distribution in trehalose arising by gluconeogenesis and the 13C enrichment of alanine due to pyruvate cycling. Insects grew well on carbohydrate-free diets and growth increased with increasing dietary protein level. At all dietary protein levels, larvae grew better on diets with fat. Without dietary fat, larvae were glucogenic but displayed low blood trehalose concentrations, 50 mM at higher levels of protein consumption. When offered a choice of a high carbohydrate and a high protein diet, larvae maintained on diets with fat displayed a food preference related to blood sugar level. Those with low blood sugar fed on carbohydrate, while those with high blood sugar preferred protein. Trehalose synthesized from (2-13C)pyruvate exhibited asymmetry in the 13C distribution in individual glucose molecules, indicating a disequilibrium at the triose phosphate isomerase-catalyzed step of the gluconeogenic pathway. In trehalose from larvae on diets with fat, the asymmetric 13C distribution was higher than in trehalose from insects on diets lacking fat. This may partially result from isotopic disequilibrium when unenriched glycerol is metabolized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate following fat hydrolysis. The asymmetry in 13C distribution, however, also occurred in insects on diets without fat and decreased with increased gluconeogenic flux suggesting that true disequilibrium between the triose phosphates is the principal reason for the asymmetry.
Combination Chemotherapy with Continuous l-Asparaginase, Lomustine, and Prednisone for Relapsed Canine Lymphoma

Results: The overall response rate (ORR) for dogs treated with this protocol was 77%, with 65% achieving a complete response (CR). The median time to progression (TTP) was 70 days. Based on loose comparison, these findings are not significantly different from our previously reported historical control. The actual CCNU dosage administered did not affect response rate or remission duration. Conclusions/Clinical Importance: These findings support previous data concluding that the LAP protocol is a viable rescue treatment option for dogs with LSA. However, results from this study suggest that continued use of L-asparaginase with each lomustine treatment does not significantly increase remission duration and toxicity appears greater.
Studies of ice nucleation by Arctic aerosol on AGASP-II

Aerosol particles were collected on filters for studies of their ability to nucleate ice during the second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) in April, 1986. The ice nuclei (IN) samples were collected from an aircraft at altitudes ranging from the surface to the vicinity of the tropopause in Arctic locations over Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Samples of other components of the aerosol were collected and measurements were made of other properties of the aerosol coincident in time with the IN samples. The IN filters were exposed to water saturation in a dynamic developing chamber at −15° C and −25° C. Ice crystals grew on the IN and were counted on the filters at discrete time intervals during the exposure period to determine the rate of ice nucleation and the final concentration of (IN). Results show that Arctic haze aerosol, identified by pollutant signatures, had lower IN concentrations, a lower IN to total aerosol fraction and slower ice nucleation rates than aerosol which had a chemical signature more indicative of the remote unpolluted troposphere. These observations suggest that the Arctic haze aerosol does not efficiently form ice in the arctic troposphere. This may be a factor contributing to the long-range transport of Arctic haze.
The effect of superficial pinealectomy on reproduction and brown fat in the adult white-footed mouse,Peromyscus leucopus

A method for superficial pinealectomy of the adult white-footed mouse,Peromyscus leucopus, is presented. Histological examination of the brain of pinealectomized mice showed that the deep pineal gland was left intact. The survival rate of pinealectomized mice was 80%. Pinealectomized mice were exposed to a short day photoperiod (8L:16D) at 15°C for 7 weeks. After this time male mice maintained active gonads with a testicular index (TI, testis width×length/body weight) of 2.0±0.1. Testis weight was 202±35 mg, and the seminiferous tubules contained abundant spermatozoa (spermatogenic index [SI]=4.5±0.2). Sham operated animals had regressed testes. TI was 1.2±0.2, testis weight was 97±26 mg, and the SI was 2.7±0.7 (allP<0.05 relative to pinealectomized mice). Pinealectomized females were reproductively competent in that all of the mice had a perforate vagina, the reproductive tract weight (vagina, uterus, oviducts, and ovaries) was 111±15 mg, and the ovaries from each animal contained preovulatory follicles. Sham operated mice had an imperforate vagina, reproductive tract weights were 34±5 mg, and in only 1 out of 5 mice did the ovaries contain a preovulatory follicle (allP<0.05). The weight of the lipid-free interscapular brown fat was 28% less in pinealectomized mice relative to sham operated animals (P<0.01). These results support the role of the pineal gland as regulator of short day, cold induced reproductive regression and brown fat hypertrophy.
Diagnosing hearing problems

Abstract Hearing loss is defined as the partial or total inability to hear sound in one or both ears. The impact of childhood hearing impairment is devastating; poor language development can impact on literacy skills, educational achievement, and subsequent income and socio-economic status. Universal neonatal screening is therefore the aim, with early diagnosis of hearing loss and early provision of hearing aids. However, not all hearing impairments manifest themselves at birth, and screening programmes must be complemented by services that can confirm and manage cases where impairment shows itself later. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive insight into the mechanism of assessment of children with suspected hearing impairment.
Effective Gaunt factors for electron impact excitation of multiply-charged nitrogen and oxygen ions

Abstract Electron impact excitation Gaunt factors and thermally averaged Gaunt factors are obtained for the resonance and several nonresonance transitions for various ionization stages of nitrogen and oxygen. In those cases where comparisons can be made, the agreement is good. In addition, a simplified expression for the Gaunt factor is suggested by the data.
Is Disclosure Therapeutic for Children Following Exposure to Traumatic Violence

Trauma theory suggests that to recover from exposure to traumatic events, such as exposure to violence, therapeutic interventions should include opportunities to disclose and to process the fearful and stressful events. Yet little is known about the circumstances that foster disclosure of such information in therapeutic environments by children and related mental health outcomes for those children. In this study, the process of disclosure was examined among children ages 6 to 12 years (N = 121) in a community-based intervention program for children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Therapists documented children’s spontaneous disclosure in their group. Mothers and children completed demographic and standardized attitudinal and mental health questionnaires. Fifty-two percent of children spontaneously disclosed during therapy. Child ethnicity, harm to the child, internalizing behavioral adjustment problems, and engagement in therapy predicted disclosure. Disclosure within the group was associated ...
Comparison of saturated-liquid viscosities of low molecular substances according to the quantum principle of corresponding states☆

The quantum mechanical principle of corresponding states, in which the thermodynamic state variables are reduced by the molecular parameters of the Lennard-Jones two-body interaction potential and quantum deviations from classical behavior are correlated, has been used to investigate the saturated-liquid viscosity of 3He, 4He, H2, D2, T2, Ne, N2, and Ar. Values have been obtained for: (1) the critical-point viscosities of 4He, normal H2, equilibrium D2, and T2; (2) the triple-point viscosities of n-H2, p-H2, D2, T2, Ne, N2, Ar, Kr, and Xe; and (3) the saturated viscosities for 3He, 4He, D2, and T2.
A note on real measurement structures of scale type (m, m + 1)

Abstract Real relational structures of scale type (1, 2) can be represented in the reals in such a way that the induced automorphism group is properly contained in the affine group and itself properly contains the group of translations. There are no real relational structures of scale type (m, m + 1), m ≥ 2.
Predicting one and three month postoperative Somatic Concerns, Psychological Distress, and Maladaptive Eating Behaviors in bariatric surgery candidates with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF).

Background Presurgical psychological screening of bariatric surgery candidates includes some form of standardized psychological assessment. However, associations between presurgical psychological screening and postoperative outcome have not been extensively studied. Here, we explore associations between presurgical Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scores and early postoperative Somatic Concerns, Psychological Distress, and Maladaptive Eating Behaviors.
Governing equations for plant cell growth

Governing equations are important in the evolution of a science from a qualitative or descriptive state to a quantitative state. This review discusses recent progress made toward the goal of establishing governing equations for plant cell growth. Recent extensions of the previously established growth equations are reviewed, and recent pressure probe methods which have been used to determine the magnitude and behavior of biomechanical and biophysical parameters are emphasized. Two recently developed pressure probe methods (in vivo creep and in vivo stress relaxation), which have been used to determine the wall extensibility and the yield threshold of plant cells, are discussed and compared. Also reviewed are pressure probe methods which have been used to measure the volumetric elastic modulus, and transpiration rate from a single plant cell.
E2 quasispecies specificity of hepatitis C virus association with allografts immediately after liver transplantation

It is unknown whether all hepatitis C virus (HCV) quasispecies variants found within patient serum have equal capacity to associate with the liver after transplantation; however, in vitro models of HCV infection suggest that variations in the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the second envelope protein (E2) may be important in infectivity. The hypothesis of the current study is that the two hypervariable regions (HVR1 and HVR2) within E2 are important in the initial virus-liver interaction, and, therefore, certain HCV quasispecies variants will be isolated from the liver after reperfusion. In 8 patients with end-stage liver disease secondary to HCV infection, HCV envelope quasispecies were determined from intraoperative serum samples obtained before the anhepatic phase of transplantation and from liver biopsies 1.5 to 2.5 hours after the transplanted liver was perfused. Explanted (native) liver biopsies were taken as a control. Sequence analysis was performed on clones of specific HCV reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction products spanning HVR1 and HVR2 of the E2 protein. HVR1 was more variable than HVR2 for all samples. Quasispecies isolated from postperfusion liver differed more from serum than did explanted liver quasispecies at HVR1 (P = 0.03) but not at HVR2 (P = 0.2). Comparison of HVR1 sequences from postperfusion liver versus serum revealed significantly less HVR1 genetic complexity and diversity (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively). Immediately after transplantation but before actual infection, liver allografts select out from the infecting serum inoculum a less heterogeneous, more closely related population of quasispecies variants.
A very high altitude survey of the effect of latitude upon cosmic-ray intensities - and an attempt at a general interpretation of cosmic-ray phenomena

The results of a very high altitude geographical survey extending in airplanes from Northern Canada to Peru, to altitudes of 22,000 feet, and, in three stratosphere flights made within the United States, to altitudes of 60,000 feet, are interpreted in the light of (1) the Epstein and the Lemaitre-Vallarta analysis of the effect of the earth's magnetic field, and (2) the Bowen-Millikan proof that the immediate agents responsible for the ionization of the atmosphere are electrons (+ and -), rather than protons or heavier nuclei. The main conclusions reached are: (1) that the resistance of the atmosphere to incoming electrons is 1 billion volts because of extranuclear encounters, 5 billion volts because of nuclear encounters; (2) that nuclear electron encounters produce only very soft secondaries, both photons and electrons; (3) that incoming photons produce most of the ionization found at sea-level or at sub-sea-level depths; (4) that nearly all of the non-field sensitive part of the ionization of the atmosphere above sea-level is due to photons of energy 200±170 million electron volts; (5) that in the equatorial belt a small part of the ionization is due to incoming secondary electrons of energies as high as 10 billion volts; (6) that these are responsible for the east-west effect and the longitude effect found in the equatorial belt; (7) that the field sensitive part of the ionization increases rapidly with increasing latitude in going from Panama to Spokane because incoming secondaries of energies decreasing from 8 billion to 2 billion volts get through the blocking effect of the field in rapidly increasing numbers with increasing latitude and add greatly in northern latitudes to the underlying ionization of the upper-air produced by the incoming photons; (8) that the only source now in sight of the observed cosmic-ray energies is matter-annihilation; (9) that the softest components of the cosmic rays have the energies corresponding to the partial annihilation or atom building hypothesis, while the hardest components have energies corresponding to the complete atom-annihilation hypothesis; (10) that these processes may conceivably be taking place (1) because of the very low temperatures that facilitate the clustering of hydrogen in interstellar space, or (2) because of such extreme temperature conditions of the opposite sort as are found in novae, as suggested by Zwicky.
Epidermal Structural Proteins III. Isolation and Purification of Histidine-Rich Protein of the Newborn Rat

Granular cells from newborn rat epidermis have been extracted with deoxycholate and the extract chromathgraphed sequentially on Sephadex G-200 and G-75. A protein fraction has been obtained which is electrophoretically homogeneous. It has an amino acid composition which is high in histidine, glutamic acid, and glycine and low in leucine. The protein contains newly-incorporated radioactively labeled amino acids and is antigenic in rabbits. The material corresponds to the histidine-rich protein isolated with different techniques by other workers.
The effects of spatial heterogeneity in population dynamics

The dynamics of a population inhabiting a heterogeneous environment are modelled by a diffusive logistic equation with spatially varying growth rate. The overall suitability of an environment is characterized by the principal eigenvalue of the corresponding linearized equation. The dependence of the eigenvalue on the spatial arrangement of regions of favorable and unfavorable habitat and on boundary conditions is analyzed in a number of cases.
Treatment for Anomia in Semantic Dementia

Anomia is a striking and consistent clinical feature of semantic dementia (SD), a progressive aphasia syndrome associated with focal cortical atrophy of the anterior temporal lobes. Word retrieval deficits in patients with SD have been attributed to the loss of conceptual knowledge, resulting in an impairment referred to as semantic anomia. Whereas an abundance of research has been dedicated to treatment for anomia in individuals with focal brain damage due to stroke, considerably less work has been done regarding treatment for patients with progressive language decline. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature concerning the nature and treatment of anomia in individuals with SD. Several studies have shown that new lexical learning remains possible in these patients. However, newly learned information is likely to be constrained by the learning context, and increased reliance on perceptual and autobiographical contextual information may be necessary to provide critical support for new vocabulary acquisition. There is also evidence suggesting that treatment may slow the progression of anomia over time, even affording some protective benefit to lexical items that are not yet lost. However, treatment efforts are likely to be most beneficial at early stages of the disease, when residual semantic knowledge as well as relatively spared episodic memory may support new learning.
The influence of filtering by the macular carotenoids on contrast sensitivity measured under simulated blue haze conditions

Abstract Purpose Distant objects are often obscured as a result of wavelength-dependent scattering in the atmosphere. This scattered light, which is mostly short-wave, effectively forms a veiling luminance (or background light) against which a target must be detected and discriminated. The macular pigment (MP) carotenoids could reduce the effective background intensity by selectively filtering out short wavelengths which would increase the contrast of the object in the retinal image, thus improving visibility. This Visibility hypothesis was originally posited by Wooten and Hammond (2002) . This study represents a first empirical test of the hypothesis. Methods Five young healthy subjects were evaluated. MP optical density (OD) was measured using HFP. Visibility was assessed by measuring contrast sensitivity thresholds at 8 cycles/deg (CST) using an optical system that passed xenon-light through the sine-wave grating. Blue haze was simulated using an ecologically valid broad-spectrum filter. Changes in MP density were simulated using a variable path length filter with an oil-based carotenoid solution that mimicked the absolute absorption spectrum of MP. Results The average baseline CST was 0.004. Adding 0.25 OD of simulated MP lowered the average threshold to 0.003 (25%). An additional 0.25 OD decreased thresholds an additional 10% and the effect reached a plateau at about 0.50. Discussion The largest improvement (about 25%) in contrast occurred with the initial, and relatively modest, addition of 0.25 OD units of simulated MP suggesting that the largest improvements may be linked to initial increases in MPOD.
Biochemical and genetic tests for inhibitors of Leishmania pteridine pathways

The study of antifolate-resistant mutants of the protozoan parasite Leishmania has provided useful information about genetic processes such as gene amplification and mutation and knowledge of the unique features of the pteridine metabolic pathway in this primitive eukaryote. The novel bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) is an essential enzyme, yet most DHFR-TS inhibitors show little promise as potential drugs. Leishmania possess a novel alternative pteridine reductase (PTR1) which is relatively insensitive to methotrexate. We have proposed that the ability of PTR1 to serve as a metabolic bypass and thus modulate drug inhibition of DHFR-TS activity may be responsible for the poor efficacy of many antifolates. In this work, we have sought inhibitors of L. major PTR1 from a collection of 74 compounds. The most potent inhibitors were also tested against L. major DHFR-TS and human DHFR and several compounds showing good activity for PTR1 alone, or for all three reductases, were identified. The activity of these compounds was tested against wild-type promastigotes, and those which were potent inhibitors of both PTR1 and DHFR-TS (but not those active against only PTR1) showed good potencies. Growth inhibition tests of L. major mutants, lacking PTR1 or DHFR-TS (ptr1- and dhfr-ts- knockouts) or overexpressing PTR1, were used as a "genetic screen" to assess whether these two pteridine reductases were targets in vivo. Remarkably, only one compound showed a methotrexate-like pattern of inhibition. Six compounds showed good inhibition of Leishmania growth regardless of PTR1 or DHFR-TS levels. These findings suggest that Leishmania cells contain multiple targets for a diverse set of antifolates, with one or more significant targets in addition to DHFR-TS and PTR1. This emphasizes the necessity of combined biochemical and genetic screens in efforts to rationally design chemotherapeutic strategies in Leishmania.
Defective interactions of protein partner with ion channels and transporters as alternative mechanisms of membrane channelopathies.

The past twenty years have revealed the existence of numerous ion channel mutations resulting in human pathology. Ion channels provide the basis of diverse cellular functions, ranging from hormone secretion, excitation-contraction coupling, cell signaling, immune response, and trans-epithelial transport. Therefore, the regulation of biophysical properties of channels is vital in human physiology. Only within the last decade has the role of non-ion channel components come to light in regard to ion channel spatial, temporal, and biophysical regulation in physiology. A growing number of auxiliary components have been determined to play elemental roles in excitable cell physiology, with dysfunction resulting in disorders and related manifestations. This review focuses on the broad implications of such dysfunction, focusing on disease-causing mutations that alter interactions between ion channels and auxiliary ion channel components in a diverse set of human excitable cell disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Herve
Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and dioxide over steel

The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on various steel catalysts was studied in the temperature range of 800° to 1,300°F. and at pressures from 5 to 30 atm. The feed gases (3.75 to 20 SCFH) were passed over a catalyst bed of 1/8-in. steel balls supported in a brass-lined reactor 0.81 in. in diam. The percentage of carbon oxides in the feed was 30% in the runs using a H2CO2 feed and varied from 15 to 38% in the runs with a H2CO feed. The effects of temperature, pressure, feed composition, space velocity, and mass velocity were studied. Carbon deposition did not affect the activity of the catalyst and could be removed readily.
Women and the Politics of Place: Ruminations and responses

Julie Graham connects the categories used by the introductory paper to the project – ‘place’, ‘women’ and ‘politics’ – to the economic politics that she and Katherine Gibson are engaged in with several communities in the US, Australia and the Asia Pacific region. This political work builds upon the specificity of places with existing economic identities, resources and capacities; it draws on the willingness and ability of women to become subjects of non-capitalist development; and it pursues a politics of language in constructing diverse community economies in the face of globalization.
Catecholestrogens stimulate progestin secretion by cultured porcine granulosa cells

Abstract The enzymatic metabolism of estradiol (E2) to the catecholestrogens, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2) in granulosa cells has been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of these compounds and compared them to those of E2 on porcine granulosa cells cultured in serum-free medium. Cultures of granulosa cells were exposed to various treatments of E2, 2-OH-E2, 4-OH-E2 and(or) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for 4 days and concentrations of progesterone in medium and cell numbers were determined. After 4 days of treatment, 2-OH-E2 and 4-OH-E2 stimulated basal progesterone production by granulosa cells, but 4-OH-E2 was less effective than 2-OH-E2. 2-OH-E2 (1 μg/ml) stimulated progesterone production by 3.3 ± 0.6-fold (n = 6 experiments), whereas E2 (1 μg/ml) stimulated progesterone production 9.9 ± 1.7-fold (n = 6 experiments). 2-OH-E2 at 4 μg/ml further stimulated progesterone production to 10.7 ± 2.2-fold above controls (n = 9 experiments), whereas 4 μg/ml of E2 did not cause further stimulation of progesterone production. Thus, the average potency of 2-OH-E2 was less than E2. Concurrent treatment with 2-OH-E2 (4 μg/ml) and saturating concentrations of E2 resulted in further significant increases in progesterone production above the effects of either single treatment both in the absence and presence of FSH (200 ng/ml). In the presence of FSH, potency of 2-OH-E2 and E2 was similar. Progesterone production stimulated by E2 was significantly reduced by addition of the antiestrogens nafoxidine and CI-628, whereas the action of 2-OH-E2 was unaffected. In addition, the responses of granulosa cells to 2-OH-E2 and E2 in terms of progesterone production was not significantly correlated across several experiments (r= −0.29). The present studies show that 2-OH-E2 enhances progesterone secretion by porcine granulosa cells and that the mechanisms of action of E2 and 2-OH-E2 may be different. Apparently, the effects of 2-OH-E2 are exerted through a mechanism other than the E2 receptor. Thus, it seems unlikely that effects of E2 on granulosa cell function are mediated totally by 2-OH-E2. Instead, catecholestrogen production could provide an intraovarian autocrine control mechanism whereby metabolites of E2 could independently cause further stimulation of granulosa cell differentiation.
Design of a Roller Coaster System Through Graphical Simulation

This paper presents a roller coaster system model for the purpose of developing a graphical simulation of a roller coaster system. A foundational set of track elements with constant curvature and constant bank angle is developed. For these elements, a general parameterization scheme is proposed and equations are developed to generate the spatial location of the track and train. Kinematic equations of train motion are also developed, and results are presented for a test track which features many of the elements presented in this paper. Speed and acceleration data which are generated provide important information concerning the ride performance of the roller coaster system.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Case Study Examining the Impact of a Trauma-Focused Treatment on a Physical Condition

Previous research has shown that psychological treatments, particularly those employing cognitive techniques, are particularly effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is presumed that these psychological interventions are effective at ameliorating the IBS by treating an underlying psychological disorder (often an anxiety disorder), which may be contributing to the autonomic reactivity. This case study examined the change in the physical symptoms of IBS for a patient seeking treatment for rape-related PTSD with comorbid conditions of major depression and panic. At posttreatment, the patient no longer met criteria for PTSD, major depression, or panic. In addition, her primary symptom of IBS, diarrhea frequency, was significantly improved. These findings were maintained at 3 and 9 months posttreatment. Implications for the assessment and treatment of IBS patients with PTSD are discussed.
Roughening of two-dimensional quasicrystals: A study on the Penrose tiling.

We explore the roughening transition of a two-dimensional quasicrystal using a transfer-matrix approach. We study a solid-on-solid model on a Penrose tiling, thus retaining full two-dimensional quasiperiodicity. We find that the interface is smooth at low temperatures. It is necessary to compute the transfer matrix over extremely long distances (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{20}$ tile edges) to determine whether the interface is rough. A blocking scheme suggests a roughening temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{R}}$=0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 (all temperatures given in units of J/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$). If a finite nonzero ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{R}}$ does exist, our results show that the roughness exponent must be discontinuous at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{R}}$. We also study the model using an approximate mapping to a one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation. In this approximation, for T\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.45, the interface appears rough with oscillatory corrections to scaling for a large x range, and crosses over to a smooth one as x\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. The crossover region becomes very large for T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.45, and we cannot say if there exists a finite ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{R}}$. We compare the two approaches.
SHOULD HOME BP MEASUREMENTS BE A STANDARD END POINT IN RENAL DENERVATION STUDIES? RESULTS FROM ENLIGHTN I FIRST-IN-HUMANS STUDY

Emerging evidence suggest that home BP measurements provide additional information regarding BP control. Most studies reported office and some ambulatory BP changes in renal denervation studies‥ Home BP data are scarce. The EnligHTN-I first-in-human study was designed to assess the safety and
Reforming glycerol under electro-statically charged surface conditions

Catalysis is dependent on electronic interactions that occur between substrate molecules and surface atoms of a catalyst. Although these electronic interactions have been altered by means of adding dopants, the effect of direct extraneous alteration of electronic structure of catalyst-substrate system has not yet been studied. Here, we studied the effects of electrically charging a conductive catalyst surface (Ni–Ce/carbon) and a substrate system (glycerol nanodroplets) on the efficacy of steam reforming. The behavior of the system when the catalysts surface was excited with electrons while the substrates were positively charged was studied at varying temperatures and polarity. It was evident that throughout the temperature ranges tested, the hydrogen yields increased consistently when the system was charged as opposed to reforming under neutral conditions. Reforming under electrically charged surface conditions resulted in a 25% increase in hydrogen selectivity, and 64% increase in substrate conversion. The effects were more pronounced at temperatures below the glycerol boiling point. These results expose the possibility of controlling the outcome of a reaction by extraneous manipulation of the electronic structure of a catalyst/substrate surface.
FIRST RECORD OF DIPSOCORIDAE (HEMIPTERA) FROM AUSTRALIA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF CRYPTOSTEMMA HERRICH‐SCHAEFFER

The Dipsocoridae are recorded from Australia for Cryptostemma uriarra sp. n., C. monga sp. n., C. triacanthota sp. n. and C. hickmani sp. n. The species are keyed, described, figured and morphological and distributional notes given.
A Subtropical Cyclonic Gyre Associated with Interactions of the MJO and the Midlatitude Jet

AbstractThis paper describes a large cyclonic gyre that lasted several days in the northwest Pacific during July 1988. Cyclonic winds at 850 hPa extended beyond the 2000-km radius with a radius of maximum winds of 700–800 km. The gyre exhibited clear skies within and north of its center. Active convection extended 4000 km in longitude to its south.The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was in its active phase in the Indian Ocean prior to gyre formation. Consistent with earlier studies, diabatic heating in the MJO was associated with an anomalous upper-tropospheric westerly jet over the northeast Asian coast and a jet exit region over the northwest Pacific. Repeated equatorward wave-breaking events developed downwind of the jet exit region. One such event left behind a region of lower-tropospheric cyclonic vorticity and convection in the subtropics that played a key role in the gyre formation. A second wave-breaking event produced strong subsidence north of the mature gyre that contributed to its convective a...
A comparison of microfiche produced by the U.S. Government printing office and the congressional information service, Inc.

Abstract Congressional materials on microfiche received through the U.S. Depository Library Program of the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) and those purchased from the Congressional Information Service (CIS) were examined to determine how the two services compare in timeliness and the number of congressional publications provided. The microfiche received from the two services were tabulated by total number received and dates of arrival. Titles from the two services arrived in a wide range of time frames, from same day to as much as a year apart. A significant number of GPO microfiche were never received. Although the CIS service is expensive, it proved to be very dependable.
Row Orientation and Seeding Rate on Yield, Grade, and Stem Rot Incidence of Peanut with Subsurface Drip Irrigation1

Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted on a Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) soil near Sasser, GA during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons to determine the effe...
Spectral‐temporal characterization of riverflow variability in England and Wales for the period 1865–2002

We have investigated riverflow variability in England and Wales by examining the reconstructed monthly discharge time series from fifteen catchments in these regions for the period 1865–2002. The riverflow fluctuations exhibit a strong annual cycle. The flow in the annual cycle is found to be intermittent, with the degree of intermittency varying from one catchment to another. An intermittent flow is characterized by bursts of high discharge separated by intervals with low or no discharge. By applying a continuous wavelet transform to the time series, we have identified the occurrence of intermittency in the annual cycle. The riverflow activity is also found to exhibit variations at interannual and quasi-decadal time scales. These variations may be linked to large-scale climatic processes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We have used the kurtosis of the probability density functions of the various time series as a measure of the degree of intermittency. An intermittent flow is characterized by a peaked (super-Gaussian) probability density function with kurtosis in excess of 3. A higher value of kurtosis signifies a higher degree of intermittency. Intermittent fluctuations are more difficult to predict accurately than persistent oscillations, i.e., those lasting continuously over a long time interval. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent 2-aza-epsilon-adenosine derivatives of polyadenylic acid, polyuridylic acid, and polyinosinic acid.

A new fluorescent analog of adenosine, 1,N/sup 6/-etheno-2-aza-adenosine, has been incorporated into polynucleotides by polynucleotide phosphorylase polymerization of 1,N/sup 6/-etheno-2-aza-adenosine-5'-diphosphate and adenosine-5'-diphosphate, uridine-5'-diphosphate, or inosne-5'-diphosphate. These new oligonucleotides possess high fluorescence when excited at 358 nm and emit at 495 nm. The ratio of the fluorescent and nonfluorescent portions of the copolymer can be controlled by the initial composition of the 2-aza-epsilon-adenosine-diphosphate and corresponding nucleoside diphosphate. Fluorescent copolymers with a ratio varying from 1.6 to 35 have thus been synthesized. The physicochemical study of copolymers containing less than 10% of the 1,N/sup 6/-etheno-2-aza-adenosine moiety showed that they are similar to poly(A), poly(U), or poly(I). Therefore, fluorescence and polarization study of the 1,N/sup 6/-etheno-2-aza-adenosine residues that have been incorporated into the copolymer provides a sensitive indicator for the structure of the copolymer. Potentially these new copolymers may provide unique roles in probing the structure of poly(C) and poly(A) in cellular mRNA.
Constructing the crust along the Galapagos Spreading Center 91.3°–95.5°W: Correlation of seismic layer 2A with axial magma lens and topographic characteristics

the seafloor) and narrow (� 0.5–1.5 km, cross-axis width). We also image a thin seismic layer 2A (0.24–0.42 km) that thickens away from the ridge axis by as much as 150%. West of 92.7� W, the magma lens is deeper (2.5–4.5 km) and wider (0.7–2.4 km), and layer 2A is thicker (0.36–0.66 km) and thickens off axis by <40%. The positive correlation between layer 2A thickness and magma lens depth supports the interpretation of layer 2A as the extrusive volcanic layer with thickness controlled by the pressure on the magma lens and its ability to push magma to the surface. Our findings also suggest that narrower magma lenses focus diking close the ridge axis such that lava flowing away from the ridge axis will blanket older flows and thicken the extrusive crust off axis. Flow of lava away from the ridge axis is probably promoted by the slope of the axial bathymetric high, which is largest east of 92.5� W. West of � 94� Wt he ‘‘transitional’’ axial morphology lacks a prominent bathymetric high and layer 2A no longer thickens off axis. We detect no magma lens west of 94.7� W where a small axial valley appears. The above changes can be linked to the westward decrease in the magma and heat flux associated with the fading influence of the Galapagos hot spot on the Galapagos Spreading Center. INDEX TERMS: 3035 Marine Geology and Geophysics: Midocean ridge processes; 7220 Seismology: Oceanic crust; 0935 Exploration Geophysics: Seismic methods (3025);
Proflavine as a differential probe of gene expression: inhibition of glutamine synthetase induction in embryonic retina.

Abstract Proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) was shown to be an effective molecular probe for analysis of a tissue-specific gene expression in embryonic neural retina cells. The induction by hydrocortisone of glutamine synthetase (GS), a marker of differentiation in the developing retina, is differentially and reversibly blocked by proflavine. Concentrations of proflavine that totally inhibit the synthesis of enzymatically and immunologically reactive GS only minimally reduce total RNA and protein synthesis. Proflavine does not hinder the uptake of steroid inducer into retina cells and its binding to cytoplasmic receptors; nor does it directly prevent the translation of GS mRNA. The evidence suggests that proflavine hinders, reversibly and differentially, processes necessary for the provision of functional transcripts for GS synthesis. Replication of DNA is not required for the reversible inhibition by proflavine of GS synthesis; nor is suppression of DNA synthesis by proflavine causally involved in its effect on GS. Thus, proflavine functions in this case as a nonmutagenic, differential modifier of gene expression. Structural features of the proflavine molecule and related derivatives relevant to this effect have been determined. The results warrant further exploration of proflavine and related molecules as probes of specific gene expression in this and other systems.
A Heideggerian Hermeneutical Analysis of Survivors of Incest

The phenomenological study described in this paper examined the lived experience of adult women survivors of childhood incest. Self-identified incest survivors (N = 5) participated in non-structured, audiotaped interviews. Subsequent transcripts were analyzed by a team of researchers using Heideggerian phenomenology to identify common meanings and themes in the texts. The major findings of the study suggested two constitutive patterns of lived experience among incest survivors: "Remembering As a Coming of What Has Been" and "Care: Reconstituting a Sense of Me."
Heat shock protein induction in murine liver after acute treatment with cocaine.

The effect of cocaine on heat shock protein (hsp) induction in murine liver was examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A single dose of cocaine (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) was administered to naive, phenobarbital (PB)-induced or β-naphthoflavone (βNF)-induced mice, and the level of hsps in the liver analyzed 3, 6, and 24 hours after the cocaine dose. As measured by Western blotting, hsp70i levels were increased at all time points, and hsp25 levels at the 6- and 24-hour time points. Levels of hsp60, hsc70, and hsp90 remained unchanged. Pretreatment of mice with the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor SKF-525A eliminated both cocaine hepatotoxicity and the induced accumulation of hsp25 and hsp70i. Immunohistochemical localization of hsp25 and hsp70i in the liver showed that concentrations of both hsps were elevated only in cells with altered morphology. As has been observed previously, hepatic enzyme induction with PB or βNF shifted the location of the necrotic lesion within the lobule from zone 2, as observed in naive mice of this strain, toward zone 1 (PB) or zone 3 (βNF), respectively. Localization of induced accumulation of hsp25 and hsp70i was found to shift within the lobule in parallel with the necrotic lesion in these animals. Immunostaining of cocaine reactive metabolites bound to proteins was superimposable on the areas with hsp accumulation and cells with altered morphology. Our observations indicate a strong spatial correlation within the lobule between cocaine reactive metabolite formation, induced accumulation of hsp25 and hsp70i, and cytotoxicity (necrosis).
Competitive adsorption of α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin to a sulfopropyl ion-exchange membrane

Abstract Breakthrough curves were measured for pure solutions of α-lactalbumin (ALA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) individually, and for a binary mixture of the proteins, using a sulfopropyl ion-exchange membrane. The breakthrough curves were qualitatively consistent with local-equilibrium theory predictions. Competitive adsorption caused displacement of bound BSA monomer by the more strongly binding BSA dimer, illustrating that even apparently single-protein systems may display multicomponent competitive behavior. In the two-protein experiment, ALA was competitively displaced by the more strongly binding BSA monomer and dimer, indicating that the binding strength was in the order: BSA dimer > BSA monomer > ALA.
Size for gestational age at birth: impact on risk for sudden infant death and other causes of death, USA 2002

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) infants have been reported to be at higher risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Objective To compare the risk of SIDS among SGA and large for gestational age (LGA) infants with that of death from other causes of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI) and the residual "other" causes of infant death. Methods The 2002 US period infant birth and death certificate linked file was used to identify infant deaths classified as SIDS (ICD-10 code R95), SUDI (ICD-10 codes R00-Y84 excluding R95) or all other residual codes. The 2002 race and sex-specific birth cohorts were used to generate the 10th and 90th percentiles of birth weight for each gestational age week from 24 to 42 weeks' gestation. Demographic variables previously identified as associated with SIDS were used in multiple logistic regression equations to determine the risk for death among SGA and LGA infants (birth weight 90th percentile, respectively) independent of other potentially confounding variables. Results Complete data on 1956 SIDS deaths, 2012 SUDI, and 11 592 other deaths were available. The adjusted OR for SIDS, SUDI and "other" causes for SGA infants was 1.65 (95% CI 1.47 to 1.85), 1.78 (1.59 to 2.00) and 4.68 (4.49 to 4.88), respectively. The adjusted OR for LGA infants was reduced for SIDS (0.73 (0.60 to 0.89)), SUDI (0.81 (0.68 to 0.98)) and "other" (0.42 (0.38 to 0.46)). Conclusion Although SGA infants seem to be at slightly increased risk for SIDS or SUDI their risk for "other" residual causes is about 2.5 times higher. LGA infants seem to be at reduced risk of mortality for all causes. The mechanisms by which restricted intrauterine growth increases risk of mortality and excessive intrauterine growth offers protective effects are uncertain.
The effect of adrenalectomy on stress-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the rat brain

Previously, we determined the pattern of stress-induced c-fos mRNA expression throughout the brain in order to gain further insight into the identification of the neural circuits mediating stress-induced regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the present study, we determined if rapid effects of increased glucocorticoid levels after stress contribute to changes in c-fos mRNA expression. To this end, stress-induced c-fos expression was characterized in adrenalectomized (ADX) or adrenalectomized and corticosterone replaced (ADX/B) male rats. Animals were sacrificed 30 min post-onset of a 10 min swim stress, and in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to detect c-fos mRNA throughout the brain. The pattern of c-fos induction in the ADX and ADX/B animals was similar to that observed in the sham operated animals. Additionally, densitometric measurements were made to quantify the c-fos response in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the CA1/2 region of the hippocampus. We found that ADX did not alter the magnitude of the c-fos response to stress in these areas, but there was a slight dampening of the response in ADX/B animals. In sum, these results suggest that the pattern of c-fos expression observed 30 min post-stress is independent of stress-induced increases in circulating glucocorticoid concentrations.
Operational amplifier design with gain-enhancement differential amplifier

This paper discusses a gain-enhancement differential amplifier circuit with positive feedback. The circuit is designed with short-channel MOSFETs, low power, and low voltage, resulting in DC gain improvement over a conventional complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) diff-amp and comparable to a known published diff-amp circuit. In addition, noise and distortion analyses are shown on diff-amps. This paper also describes two operational amplifier (op-amp) circuits, which are designed with the new gain-enhancement diff-amp.
An analytical model for evaluating the influence of device parasitics on Cdv/dt induced false turn-on in SiC MOSFETs

Reported here is an analytical methodology for modeling the Cdv/dt induced false turn-on in SiC MOSFETs. A Cdv/dt test circuit is utilized to assess the influence of the parasitic device parameters on the magnitude of the induced gate-source voltage during false turn-on. The effect that each parasitic parameter has on the damping of the SiC MOSFET's drain-source voltage is also evaluated. Experimental results are provided to validate the analytical model. The methods presented here will enable design engineers to project the performance of next generation SiC MOSFETs in high dv/dt circuits like the synchronous buck converter.