cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P99 Effectiveness of m-Health to Promote Physical Activity in Healthy College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Mobile health (m-Health) involves public health initiatives that are increasingly being used as a part of public health interventions; including promoting physical activity. However, little attention has been given to measuring the effect of a m-Health intervention programs on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and the specific lifestyle behaviors addressed by the physical activity among college students.To the best of our knowledge, relatively few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of m-Health apps as healthy lifestyle interventions that focuses on education and self-monitoring of diet and physical activity specifically for healthy college students have been done. Objective Determine the efficacy of a 12-week m-Health intervention with the goal of increasing daily step counts on physical activity, improving body mass index (BMI), and improving body fat mass among college students. Study Design, Settings, Participants A 12-week randomized treatment trial was conducted. College students (n = 130) between 18-30 years of age were randomized to one of two conditions: intervention (n = 65) and control (n = 65). The intervention group received physical activity goals of (10,000 step/day), information on the benefits of exercise, and automatic feedback. Control group received information about the benefits of exercise without any kind of intervention. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The primary change was daily step count between baseline and follow-up. Results In this study physical activity as expressed by step counts significantly increased from baseline to post intervention (10,022 weekly/ step; P = .008). There were no significant intervention effects for BMI and percent body fat. Significant intervention effects were found for body weight (mean ± SE: 0.419 ± 0.164; P = .013). Conclusion The m-Health appeared to be feasible and acceptable. In this study, the results demonstrate that m-Health app can significantly increase physical activity in a college student sample by setting specific goal, using self-monitoring and feedback. In future adaptations of this study, the target aims of the study and individual goals should be personalized based on baseline level of activity.
Enhancing Splinting Confidence through Inter-Residency Education: An Educational Workshop.

Introduction. The initial treatment for many orthopaedic injuries is splinting. Unfortunately, formal musculoskeletal training is limited in primary care leading to deficiencies in competency and confidence. Suboptimal splints can result in complications such as skin breakdown, worsening of deformity, and increased pain. Our orthopaedic surgery clinic often cares for patients who initially present to an emergency department or primary care clinic for their orthopaedic injury. Previous studies have shown that a high number of splints are applied improperly in the primary care setting, which could result in in avoidable skin complications and fracture instability. Methods. Orthopaedic surgery residents held a splinting workshop for family medicine residents. The workshop involved didactic and skills portions. Pre- and post-surveys were administered using a 10-point scale to assess confidence in applying three common splints. The data were analyzed using student’s t-test and qualitative feedback. Results. Confidence in applying and molding each splint type improved significantly (p < 0.05). Knowledge in splint construction improved significantly as well (p < 0.05). Subjective feedback was positive. Conclusion. These results showed inter-residency education can increase residents’ confidence in skill-based medical care significantly. The results are encouraging and should facilitate further collaboration between multispecialty residency programs to improve patient care. Further investigation is needed to determine how well skills gained in workshop are retained.
Developing a Theory-Driven Serious Game to Promote Prescription Opioid Safety Among Adolescents: Mixed Methods Study

Background: Adolescents in North America are severely affected by the opioid crisis, yet there are limited educational resources for educating teens about prescription opioid safety and misuse. Empirical literature lacks evidence regarding teen education about prescription opioid safety through serious games and lacks conceptual models and frameworks to guide the process of game development for this purpose. Objective: This study aims to conceptualize and design a serious game prototype to teach teens about prescription opioid safety and propose a conceptual framework for developing a serious game to educate youth about safe and responsible use of prescription opioids. Methods: The initial steps of the project comprised of the formulation of an integrated conceptual framework that included factors from health behavior models and game development models. This was followed by the formal process of serious game development, which resulted in a game prototype. The assessment of the game prototype was done through group discussions, individual interviews, and questionnaires with adolescents following gameplay. Field notes were used to keep track of the responses from the group discussions. Content and thematic analyses were used to analyze field notes and responses to the open-ended questionnaire, which were then used to refine the game prototype. Results: A total of 10 playtests with over 319 adolescents and emerging young adults (AYAs) in community settings such as middle schools, high schools, and colleges were conducted by the project team between March and June 2019. The AYAs provided feedback on the initial game prototype using questionnaires administered through Qualtrics or in-person on paper. Preliminary feedback suggested that the teens found the game objectives, outcomes, and design appealing. Overall, the game was perceived as realistic, and learning outcomes seemed achievable. Suggestions for improvement included the need for additional direction on gameplay, clearer instructions, concise dialog, and reduced technical problems in the gameplay. Conclusions: We propose a conceptual framework for developing a serious game prototype to educate youth about prescription opioid safety. The project used a theory-driven conceptual framework for the development of a serious game targeting the prevention of adolescent opioid misuse and garnered preliminary feedback on the game to improve the quality of gameplay and the prototype. Feedback through informal assessments in community settings suggests that the youth and their families are interested in a game-based approach to learn about prescription opioid safety in homes and schools. The next steps include modifications to the game prototype based on feedback from the community, integration of learning analytics to track the in-game behaviors of players, and formal testing of the final prototype.
The PafBC-mediated response sensitizes a bistable DNA damage response in Mycobacteria

Due to the genotoxically challenging environments in which they live in, Mycobacteria have a complex DNA damage repair system that is governed by two major DNA damage responses, namely, the LexA/RecA-dependent response and the newly characterized PafBC-mediated response (Muller et al., 2018). The LexA/RecA-dependent response is a well-known bistable response found in different types of bacteria, and the Mycobacteria-specific PafBC-mediated response interacts with and modifies the LexA/RecA-dependent response (Muller et al., 2018). The interaction between the LexA/RecA-dependent response and the PafBC-mediated response has not been characterized mathematically. Our analysis shows that the addition of the PafBC-mediated response sensitizes the overall DNA damage response, effectively lowering the DNA damage rate threshold for activation.
“You’re So Exotic Looking”: An Intersectional Analysis of Asian American and Pacific Islander Stereotypes:

We applied critical race theory’s concept of intersectionality to analyze the experiences of discrimination among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the United States, across race, gen...
Care and safety in neighborhood preferences for vacant lot greenspace in legacy cities

Abstract We conducted a post-construction survey of neighborhood preferences for street scale urban greenspace designed as green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) on vacant residential lots in Detroit, a city where greenspace has potential to address structural inequities that characterize legacy cities and affect well-being. We investigated residents’ preferences related to their perceptions of microscale elements: immediately perceptible fine grain landscape characteristics of plants, landform, water, and structural materials. Our results suggest that microscale elements affect residents’ perceptions of care and safety, which are strongly related to preferences for landscape treatments on vacant lots near their homes. For each of two replicate pilot sites, we developed 15 alternative landscape treatments (including a control vacant lot). Across treatments, we varied microscale elements that could act as cues to care (CTC) or cues to safety (CTS). In a survey of all households within 250 m of the two sites, we measured residents’ perceptions of and preferences for alternative treatments. Among CTC, regular mowing was essential to preference, and low-growing shrubs and forbs with prominent flowers characterize the most preferred treatments. A CTS, bollards separating vacant lots from public access, were preferred for most treatments. Lots planted with many trees were preferred by a smaller percentage of residents, and their perceptions of care were less related to their preference. Overall, preferences are more well-explained by perceived care than by perceived safety. Furthermore, perceived care explains the effect of perceived safety on residents’ preferences for vacant lots near their homes.
Promoting a Relational Approach to Residential Child Care Through an Organizational Program Model: Impacts of [PROGRAM] Implementation on Staff Outcomes

Abstract We evaluated the impact of [FULL PROGRAM NAME], an organization-wide program model implemented in 13 residential child care agencies in one Southeastern state. [PROGRAM] implementation lasted three years and involved the application of six evidence-informed principles throughout the organization in order to create more therapeutic environments and improve the quality of care for children. A wait-list design was used with one cohort of agencies starting [PROGRAM] immediately and a second cohort waiting 12 months before starting, allowing them to serve as a comparison group. Agency staff completed annual surveys assessing curricular knowledge, their beliefs about and their use of practices that reflect a relational approach to care. Using linear mixed models that accounted for clustering within agencies and several important covariates, results showed significant increases in all staff outcomes. [PROGRAM] effects on knowledge and beliefs emerged in Year 1 and [PROGRAM] effects on practice emerged in Year 3. Exploratory analyses showed that the [PROGRAM] effects were evident across all staff demographic and agency subgroups, with evidence of more pronounced effects for some subgroups. Results contribute to an emerging pattern of evidence that [PROGRAM] implementation improves the capacity of agencies to provide effective therapeutic care for children.
Pre-Columbian estuarine fishing along the lower St. Johns River, Florida, USA

The lower reaches of the St. Johns River, the longest river within the State of Florida, USA, form an extensive estuarine/tidal marsh system. Within this resource-rich region are numerous pre-Columbian sites. This paper presents a synthesis of zooarchaeological research conducted at eight of these sites. All sites considered here are shell middens that yielded large substantial faunal samples and that represent different periods of human occupation, ranging in time from ca. 5600 to 450 BP. In all faunal assemblages examined, estuarine fish is the predominant vertebrate resource represented. Fish constitute from 74 to 98% of the minimum number of individuals, or MNI, among the vertebrates in the various site samples. Dimensional measurements of a sample of skeletal elements show a range in fish sizes represented, indicating that mass capture techniques, such as nets, were probably used. Moreover, a number of these fish size estimates indicate that certain species were harvested in particular seasons. Simil...
Phase I Trial, Including Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Correlations, of Combination Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose of paclitaxel with carboplatin with and without filgrastim support in patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and carboplatin and correlate these with the pharmacodynamic effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic NSCLC were entered into this phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study. Paclitaxel was initially administered as a 24-hour infusion at a fixed dose of 135 mg/m2, and the carboplatin dose was escalated in cohorts of three patients, using Calvert's formula [dose(mg) = area under the concentration time curve (glomerular filtration rate + 25)], to target areas under the concentration time curve (AUCs) of 5, 7, 9, and 11 mg/mL × minute. A measured 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance was substituted for the glomerular filtration rate. Once the maximum-tolerated AUC (MTAUC) of carboplatin was reached, the paclitaxel dose was escal...
Simple Formula for Radio Jet Surface Brightness

Henriksen, Bridle and Chan (1981; HBC) have proposed that the energy for the synchrotron emission of radio jets is derived ultimately from the turbulent hydrodynamic eddy cascade between the Taylor wave number, k, and the Kolmogorov wave number. This cascade is established during the development of a turbulent jet by the shearing action of large-scale vortical entrainment of ambient material (Brown & Roshko, 1974).
Modeling and analyzing a physician clinic environment using discrete-event (visual) simulation

Abstract This paper examines the design and development of a discrete-event (visual) simulation model of a physician clinic environment within a physician network. Biological & Popular Culture, Inc. (Biopop) sought to partner with healthcare professionals to provide high-quality, cost-effective medical care within a physician network setting. Towards this end, a discrete-event (visual) simulation model that captures both the operations of a family practice healthcare clinic and a centralized information center is presented. The research presented in this article focuses on the family practice healthcare clinic. This simulation model is built in an object-oriented, visual manner utilizing the visual simulation environment (VSE). Application of the object-oriented paradigm (OOP) allows simulation objects in the model to be easily reused. The simulation model provides a tool for risk-free evaluation of operating policies in the clinical environment. Results of a fractional factorial design to determine those input factors which significantly affect overall clinic effectiveness are reported. Scope and purpose With increased pressures from governmental and insurance agencies, today's physician devotes less time to patient care and more time to administration. To alleviate this problem, Biological & Popular Culture, Inc. (Biopop) proposed the building of partnerships with healthcare professionals to provide high-quality, cost-effective medical care in a physician network setting. The proposed physician network is to be composed of clinics (i.e., outpatient medical facilities where patient care is delivered) located throughout the United States. Member clinics would benefit from centrally managed non-medical operations and business consultation from Biopop. Biopop's overall goal is to increase patient flow and customer satisfaction in the clinical environment. To assist Biopop in evaluating potential operating procedures, a discrete-event simulation model has been constructed. The model is built in an object-oriented, visual manner utilizing Orca Computer, Inc.'s visual simulation environment (VSE). The model examines both internal Biopop operations and external clinic operations. The research presented herein describes how the simulation model was designed and built, including the verification, validation, and testing procedures applied. Results of simulation experiments run on the clinical environment using the simulation model are also reported. The results of these computer runs suggest ways in which healthcare clinics can be redesigned, without sacrificing service levels or profitability of the facility.
A variational principle for nonlinear water waves

This paper is concerned with a variational formulation of non-axisymmetric water waves and of two-dimensional surface waves in a running stream of finite depth. The full set of equations of motions for the non-axisymmetric water wave problem in cylindrical polar coordinates and for the two-dimensional surface waves in the running stream in Cartesian coordinates is obtained from a Lagrangian function which is equal to the pressure.
The role of community risks and resources in the psychosocial adjustment of at-risk children: An examination across two community contexts and two informants *

Relative to the attention given to the family, the larger environmental context in which children live has received little attention. This study examined 277 African American children from single-parent families living in two community contexts: rural and urban. Resources and risks within each community were compared across communities. Furthermore, the relations of community, community environment (a resource-risk index), and the interaction of these two variables to child psychosocial adjustment were examined. Finally, the role of informant (mother or child) was examined. The results indicated that the mothers and children from the urban community reported more risks than those from the rural community. The community environment, but not community (rural vs. urban), related consistently to child psychosocial adjustment but only when the same informant (mother or child) reported both the resource-risk index and child psychosocial adjustment. Community did not qualify this relationship. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are considered.
Performance-enhancing internal strategic factors and competencies: impacts on financial success.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the internal strategic factors likely to influence company financial performance for service organizations from managers’ perspectives. It provides empirical evidence of the links between the internal strategic factors examined and financial performance of service organizations. Data for this study were collected from middle and upper managers of service companies using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The results of the study suggested that four of the seven critical internal strategic success factors examined had a significant impact on company financial performance. Those factors are sales, R&D and distribution, information technology, and human resources. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Plant Cuticle Staining with Bismarck Brown Y and Azure B or Toluidine Blue O before Paraffin Extraction

Transverse paraffin sections of mature greenwood stems of rose (Rosa x hybrida) and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) were stained with Bismarck brown followed by azure B or toluidine blue 0. The Bismarck brown was replaced by thiazin dye metachromasia in all structures except the cuticle which remained brown or yellow. The interface between the cuticle and exterior cell walls of the epidermis was delineated clearly.
Cetuximab monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after prior epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

Introduction: Therapeutic agents directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway have been effective in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody against the EGFR receptor with antitumor activity in NSCLC. This study evaluated the efficacy of cetuximab monotherapy after prior treatment with an oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Methods: Eligible patients had stage IIIB, IV, or recurrent NSCLC with progression on the oral EGFR TKIs gefitinib or erlotinib. Cetuximab was administered intravenously at 400 mg/m2 on day 1 and then 250 mg/m2 weekly until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was response rate. Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled. Patients were heavily pretreated with chemotherapy and TKIs (average number of treatments = 4.2). The response rate was 0/18 (0%), and 28% of patients had confirmed stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval, 1.6–5.4 months), and median overall survival was 7.5 months (95% confidence interval, 2.2–19 months). Three patients harbored activating EGFR mutations, and one of them had stable disease for nearly 6 months on cetuximab. Common toxicities were mild and included fatigue, skin rash, and nausea/vomiting. Two patients developed interstitial lung disease, life threatening in one case. Conclusions: Cetuximab monotherapy administered after prior EGFR TKI treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC does not yield clinical responses.
SHOULD CITIZENS OF A WELFARE STATE BE TRANSFORMED INTO “QUEENS”?

Motivation, agency, and public policy: of knights and knaves, pawns and queens, by Julian Le Grand, Oxford University Press, 2003, 230 pages.Julian Le Grand offers an account of public policy that arranges views along two axes: a motivational axis, along which individuals can be knights or knaves, and an agency axis, along which they can be pawns or queens. Knaves are concerned to further their self-interest, understood broadly in terms of whatever people may care about. Following Hume, Le Grand calls such characters “knaves,” but this has no automatic connotations with illegal activities. Knights, on the other hand, are motivated to help others for no private reward, even to the detriment of their interests. Pawns, like the pieces on the chess board, are passive victims of circumstances, unable to make responsible choices. Queens do make such choices: they are empowered agents responsible for their fates.
Risk analysis and management

During the past several decades, the public has given increasing attention to environmental problems and increased their demands that these problems be solved. During this period, the difficulty and costs of solving the problems have become apparent. Environmental abatement programs must be effective in achieving the desired goals and efficient in achieving them at low cost. Risk analysis is necessary to quantify the benefits of proposed solutions in order to make them effective and efficient. The necessity for performing risk assessment stems from a presidential executive order, from a Supreme Court Decision, and from the public's demand for information about the extent of possible danger from a hazard, rather than knowing simply that it is a hazard. The science of risk analysis is an an early stage and so there are many uncertainties concerning interpretation of the estimates. This approach has sharpened the scientific questions and hastened improvements in scientific understanding. Risk analysis is most helpful when the analysis reflects the science, without intrusion of the risk assessor's values or attempts to force a risk management outcome by skewing the risk analysis.
Excited state absorption spectra of the tetranuclear cuprous iodide cluster Cu4I4(py)4 and related species

Abstract Nanosecond flash photolysis studies have been carried out on the tetrameric clusters Cu4I4L4 (L = pyridine (py), 4-t-butyl pyridine (4-But-py)), 4-phenyl pyridine (Phpy) or piperidine (pip)). A broad transient absorption band in the visible region was observed for each of the clusters with aromatic heterocycle ligands upon excitation at 337 or 355 nm but no excited state absorption (ESA) was observed when L is the saturated amine piperidine. The ESA band maxima are dependent upon the nature of the pyridine ring substituent, occurring at 542 nm, 565 run, and 532 nm for L = py, Phpy, and 4-But-py), respectively. These ESA bands are modestly solvent-sensitive, shifting to lower energy in solvents of lower polarity. The microsecond lifetimes of the ESA bands are comparable to those observed for emission from the triplet cluster centered excited states (3CC) previously assigned for these compounds (K.R. Kyle, C.K. Ryu, J.A. DiBenedetto and PC. Ford, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113 (1991) 2954–2965). Consideration of this data and examination of the energetics of the states involved suggests that the transition responsible for the excited state absorption occurs from the 3CC state to a higher energy triplet halide-to-ligand charge transfer (3XLCT) state.
Chop and roll: Improving the cutset bound

A new outer bound on the capacity region of a general noisy network with multiple messages is established. The bound considers an ordered partition of the nodes in the network, and has an intuitive interpretation as the directed information between inputs and outputs across these subsets of the partition. The standard cutset bound is recovered as a special case when the partition consists of two subsets. The new bound extends several existing bounds to the general network that were obtained for special classes of networks. Examples include the generalized network sharing (GNS) bound for graphical networks by Kamath, Tse, and Anantharam, the GNS bound for Gaussian networks by Kamath, Kannan, and Viswanath, and the generalized cutset bound for deterministic networks by Shomorony and Avestimehr. It is demonstrated by a few simple examples that the improvement over the cutset bound can be significant.
Quantifying the Impact of Corporate Environmental Performance on Shareholder Value

This article demonstrates an approach for analyzing and communicating the financial implications of a company's environmental exposures. In environmentally sensitive industries, this approach can help companies to benchmark themselves against rivals, to identify major sources of environmental risk and opportunity, to assign financial values to risk-mitigating options, and to communicate their environmental strategies to the investment community and other stake-holders. © 2000 World Resources Institute. Used with permission.
Correlation of embryonic fusion planes with the anatomical distribution of basal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The clinical relevance of the anatomic distribution of basal cell carcinoma is not completely understood. Embryonic fusion planes—the regions of mesenchymal migration and fusion of the five primordial facial processes during the 5th to 10th weeks of human development—have been implicated in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine the predilection of midfacial basal cell carcinoma for cutaneous anatomical sites correlated to embryonic fusion planes. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using archived digital images and a detailed anatomic diagram, cases of basal cell carcinoma were coded according to their specific location and were aggregated into two anatomic domains according to their correlation to embryonic fusion planes. The relative tumor densities were calculated. RESULTS Of the 1,457 cases examined, 859 were located in the midface. Thirty-five percent of the midfacial lesions were located on the domain correlated to embryonic fusion planes, which represented 11.3% of the total surface area of the midface. The relative tumor density of lesions in the fusion plane domain was 3.06 compared to 0.74 for the remaining lesions (p< .001). CONCLUSIONS Although there is no consensus about the importance of anatomic location in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma, these data indicate that, after adjusting for surface area, basal cell carcinoma was more than four times more likely to occur on an embryonic fusion plane than on other regions of the midface. These data support the possibility of an embryologic role for the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma.
Marketing systems, the Ring Cycle, and the Layton Effect

The field of marketing, particularly macromarketing, has been enriched enormously by Professor Roger Layton. This essay features some reflection and commentary on his contributions. Four articles p...
Electronic structure of a grain-boundary model in SrTiO 3

It is known that grain boundaries (GB's) in strontium titanate $({\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3})$ play an important and often a controlling role in determining the material's electrical properties. To understand how their electronic structures are related to the GB structures, we have examined two structure models of the \ensuremath{\Sigma}5 GB in ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ obtained by first-principles pseudopotential total energy calculations. The electronic structure of bulk crystal and the relaxed GB models are then studied by using the orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbitals method. Results are presented for the ground-state structural properties and band structure of bulk ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3},$ the total density of states (DOS), the atom and orbital-resolved partial DOS, effective charges, bond order, charge-density distribution, and near-edge structure of electron energy-loss spectroscopy. It is shown that the GB structures have smaller values of fundamental band gaps, effective charges, and bond orders relative to bulk ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}.$ There are no GB-induced electronic states within or at the edge of the fundamental band gap. The 100-atom GB model with buckled Sr columns in the GB core is found to be a more likely model. It is also shown that the electron charge distribution across the GB line in ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ is almost balanced.
Enzymatic Production of 5-Amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide from 5-Amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide-riboside by Bacillus thiaminolyticus Optimal Conditions for the Enzyme Formation and the Enzymatic Reaction

5-Amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide (AICA)-riboside-hydrolyzing enzyme in Bacillus thiaminolyticus AJ 1366 was induced in the presence of uridine, AICA-riboside, xanthosine and inosine. The optimal concentration of AICA-riboside as inducer was 0.4%. This enzyme was produced in parallel with the growth and inactivated in the stationary growth- phase. The substrates were AICA-riboside, adenosine, uridine and inosine. Optimal conditions for hydrolysis of AICA-riboside were pH 7 and at 65°C (40 min). This enzyme was the most stable at pH 8.5 and under 60°C (2 hr). AICA-riboside (1%) was completely hydrolyzed in 4 hr with 50% cultured broth in incubation mixture. Permiability-barrier of AICA-riboside into the cell was observed. The existence of two kinds of AICA-riboside- hydrolyzing enzymes, nucleosidase and Phosphorylase in this bacterium was suggested.
Why did the white bear return? Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and attributions for unsuccessful thought suppression.

Abstract The current study examined the nature and consequences of attributions about unsuccessful thought suppression. Undergraduate students with either high ( n =67) or low ( n =59) levels of obsessive–compulsive symptoms rated attributions to explain their unsuccessful thought suppression attempts. We expected that self-blaming attributions and attributions ascribing importance to unwanted thoughts would predict more distress and greater recurrence of thoughts during time spent monitoring or suppressing unwanted thoughts. Further, we expected that these attributions would mediate the relationship between obsessive–compulsive symptom levels and the negative thought suppression outcomes (distress and thought recurrence). Structural equation models largely confirmed the hypotheses, suggesting that attributions may be an important factor in explaining the consequences of thought suppression. Implications are discussed for cognitive theories of obsessive–compulsive disorder and thought suppression.
Use of antidementia agents in vascular dementia: beyond Alzheimer disease.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second leading cause of dementia and is often underdiagnosed. Stroke is the leading cause of VaD, although it may also develop secondary to a variety of other cerebrovascular or cardiovascular conditions. Currently, no drugs are approved for the treatment of VaD. However, because cholinergic deficits have been found in patients with VaD, similar to those found in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), it is believed that cholinesterase inhibitors, which are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate AD, may also provide benefit for patients with VaD. Clinical trials of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine have supported this idea, although as yet, large-scale, prospective studies in VaD have only been reported for donepezil. Donepezil was shown to provide benefits in cognition, global function, and activities of daily living compared with placebo. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine may also provide some cognitive benefit in VaD, particularly in patients with more advanced disease. These data suggest that antidementia drugs currently used for treatment of AD should be considered for treatment of VaD as well.
Environmental Influences on Aggression: The Effects of Darkness and Proximity of Victim

It was hypothesized that darkness acts as a disinhibitor, and that subjects would deliver higher intensity shocks to a victim in a dimly lit setting than in a brightly lit setting. It was also predicted that this effect would be greater when subject and victim were in close proximity than when they were isolated from each other. The results supported these predictions. It was suggested that lighting may have important effects on social behaviors, and that further research on the influences of lighting on human behavior is needed.
A comment on the relative employment-generation capabilities of the manufacturing and service sectors in developing countries

Abstract The recent use of standard input-output multiplier techniques for evaluating employment generation by Park and Chan (1989) is criticised for focusing on output instead of employment, for not incorporating income-induced effects, and for masking regional variation in multiplier values. The social accounting matrix framework is offered as a means of circumventing the above problems and some limited evidence is presented which contradicts somewhat the earlier results.
A new species of Brickellia, subgenus Phanerostylis (Asteraceae)

Brickellia nesomii, a new species from northeastern Mexico, is described. It belongs to the subgenus Phanerostylis, which Gray originally placed in Eupatorium; King and Robinson elevated the taxon to generic rank; it is herein kept at the subgeneric level but transferred to Brickellia. Reasons for this transfer are given. Barroetea glutinosa, positioned by King and Robinson in Phanerostylis, is excluded.
The fit of fixed partial dentures joined by infrared soldering

Abstract This study determined the accuracy of fit of three-unit fixed partial dentures joined by an infrared soldering technique compared with one-piece fixed partial denture castings and individually cast crowns. Wax patterns of prepared Ivorine teeth, maxillary left central incisor and maxillary left canine, were injection molded; a plastic rod was used as a pontic. One group of patterns was cast as one-piece dentures; the other group was sectioned in the connector area, cast individually, and then joined by infrared soldering. Castings were seated on their respective dies, embedded in epoxy resin, and sectioned. Gap distances between the casting and the die were measured at specified marginal sites with a profile projector. Results showed that the fit of infrared-soldered fixed partial dentures was significantly better than that of one-piece castings and was comparable with the fit of single crowns. The gap openings measured in all castings were within the range of clinical acceptability.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder in Youth: Are They Distinguishable?

The current study was designed to examine diagnostic validity of social anxiety disorder (SOC) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in youth, and implications of comorbidity of the disorders for nosology. Children (n = 130) with SOC, GAD, or both disorders (COMORBID) and their parents were administered diagnostic interviews and self-report measures. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and ANOVAs were performed for the three groups (SOC, GAD, COMORBID). Second-order CFAs for both parent and child informants suggested that SOC and GAD are two specific facets of a general anxiety factor. ANOVA analyses revealed the two pure groups differed only on parent-reported SOC symptoms and GAD worry symptoms, as hypothesized. COMORBID children had higher scores than SOC group on parent-reported GAD symptoms, worry, and behavioral inhibition, and COMORBID children had higher scores than GAD group on parent-reported SOC symptoms and social anxiety. Results may have implications for assessment of GAD and SOC.
Phospholamban Phosphorylation Alters its Conformational Equilibrium to Regulate SERCA Activity

Heart muscle contractility is modulated by the interaction of the integral membrane protein, phospholamban (PLN) with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Unphosphorylated PLN reversibly inhibits SERCA activity upon binding. Phosphorylation at Ser16 or Thr17 of PLN causes relief of the inhibition. The critical role PLN and SERCA play is cardiac contractility is clear however, the mechanism by which phosphorylation changes PLN's interaction with SERCA is not well understood. It has been hypothesized that phosphorylation induces an otherwise sparsely populated state of PLN in which the cytoplasmic domain is extended and bound to SERCA. Here we investigated PLN's conformational and dynamic changes by solid state NMR. The interaction of PLN with SERCA is shown for phosphorylated PLN at Ser16 or Thr17 and compared to unphosphorylated PLN.
Evaluation of an exercise field test using heart rate monitors to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in an asymptomatic population.

Purpose Measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and heart rate recovery (HRR) can improve risk stratification for cardiovascular disease, but these measurements are rarely made in asymptomatic individuals due to cost. An exercise field test (EFT) to assess CRF and HRR would be an inexpensive method for cardiovascular disease risk assessment in large populations. This study assessed 1) the predictive accuracy of a 12-minute run/walk EFT for estimating CRF () and 2) the accuracy of HRR measured after an EFT using a heart rate monitor (HRM) in an asymptomatic population. Methods Fifty subjects (48% women) ages 18–45 years completed a symptom-limited exercise tolerance test (ETT) (Bruce protocol) and an EFT on separate days. During the ETT, was measured by a metabolic cart, and heart rate was measured continuously by a HRM and a metabolic cart. Results EFT distance and sex independently predicted. The average absolute difference between observed and predicted was 0.26±3.27 ml·kg−1·min−1 for our model compared to 7.55±3.64 ml·kg−1·min−1 for the Cooper model. HRM HRR data were equivalent to respective metabolic cart values during the ETT. HRR at 1 minute post-exercise during ETT compared to the EFT had a moderate correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.001). Conclusion A more accurate model to estimate CRF from a 12-minute run/walk EFT was developed, and HRR can be measured using a HRM in an asymptomatic population outside of clinical settings.
Postflame behavior of nitrogenous species in the presence of fuel sulfur I. Rich, moist, CO/Ar/O2 flames

Abstract Experimental measurements of NO, N 2 , and other nitrogenous species in the postflame gases of rich (φ = 2.17) premixed laminar CO/Ar/O 2 (trace H 2 ) flames, with fuel nitrogen as NO, C 2 N 2 , and NH 3 and fuel sulfur as SO 2 , allowed the nitrogen balance to be closed to within 7%. In the absence of hydrocarbons, and with only a trace of hydrogen, NO decayed homogeneously to form N 2 at high temperatures, and the fate of fuel nitrogen was independent of the type of fuel nitrogen species. The effect of fuel sulfur was to decrease postflame NO levels and increase N 2 more rapidly. The observed decay in NO and formation of N 2 were consistent with detailed kinetic calculations employing only the reverse Zeldovich mechanisms to form N and N 2 . There was no evidence of other N 2 formation mechanisms being important for these hydrogen-poor flames, at either high or low temperatures. Calculations also showed that the most plausible effect of SO 2 in the mixture was to increase the steady-state N-atom concentration through direct interactions between, N, NO, S, and SO.
The semantics of the Japanese imperfective -teiru: An integrative approach

Abstract This paper attempts to resolve the controversy concerning the conditions under which the Japanese aspectual form -teiru takes different meanings. Kindaichi (1950) and others proposed punctuality of the verb as a trigger for resultative meaning, but Okuda (1978a,b) and Kudo (1995) dismiss the argument that duration is a crucial determinant of the aspectual meaning -teiru takes. This paper proposes that duration is an important factor that determines whether progressive or resultative meaning obtains. It is argued that the previous disagreements between the duration approach (Kindaichi, 1950) and the syntactic approach (Okuda, 1978a,b) can be resolved by taking an integrative approach. It is suggested that the meaning of -teiru is determined in a way that maximally satisfies both types of constraints - temporal and syntactic.
The Autocorrelation of Earnings, Human Wealth Inequality, and Income Contingent Loans

I. Introduction, 551. — II. The autocorrelation of earnings and the variance of human capital, 553. — III. Applications of the variance of present values, 559. — IV. Conclusions, 564.
Alternative Splicing: Associating Frequency with Isoforms

In the simplest model of protein production, a gene gives rise to a single protein; DNA is transcribed to form pre-mRNA, which is converted to mRNA by splicing or removing introns. The result is a chain of exons that is translated to form a protein. Alternative splicing of exons may result in the formation of multiple proteins from the same gene sequence. However, not all of these proteins may be functional. Thus, we ask whether we can predict and rank (in order of frequency of occurrence and functional importance) the set of possible proteins for a gene. Herein we describe a tool that predicts the relative frequencies of isoforms that can be produced from a given gene.
Benchmarking natural evolution strategies with adaptation sampling on the noiseless and noisy black-box optimization testbeds

Natural Evolution Strategies (NES) are a recent member of the class of real-valued optimization algorithms that are based on adapting search distributions. Exponential NES (xNES) are the most common instantiation of NES, and particularly appropriate for the BBOB 2012 benchmarks, given that many are non-separable, and their relatively small problem dimensions. The technique of adaptation sampling, which adapts learning rates online further improves the algorithm's performance. This report provides the the most extensive empirical results on that combination (xNES-as) to date, on both the noise-free and noisy BBOB testbeds.
Knowledge capital: an emergent property of a complex system

In a network of self-similar, seemingly random network of repeating information units, knowledge capital can emerge as a global parameter. Knowledge capital, like social capital, is a valuable resource embedded in a network of information units. Complexity and economic capital theories are necessary to understand and extract measurements for system level variables, such as knowledge capital. The Web can be conceptualized as a complex network of information, which due to its structure may be understood as a network imbued with knowledge capital.
The Relationship of Maximum or Intermediate Coccidiostat Levels to Broiler Chick Water Intake

Two experiments, each consisting of duplicate battery trials, were conducted utilizing day-old broiler chicks for a 21-d experimental period to study the effects of maximum or intermediate levels of several coccidiostats on water consumption and other performance variables. Drug levels given in Experiment 1 were: halofuginone, 2.97 mg/kg; amprolium and ethopabate, .025%; salinomycin, 66 mg/kg; monensin, 121 mg/kg; and lasalocid, 124 mg/kg. In Experiment 2, levels were: amprolium and ethopabate, .02%; salinomycin, 55 mg/kg; monensin, 99 mg/kg; and lasalocid, 110 mg/kg. Both experiments employed unmedicated control groups. Average final body weights, daily feed intake, and feed:body weight were not affected by treatment in either experiment. In Experiment 1, daily water consumption of birds receiving 124 mg/kg lasalocid was elevated significantly (P < .05) over consumption of control birds and those that received halofuginone. Water consumption to body weight and feed ratios were significantly greater for birds fed lasalocid than for any group other than those receiving amprolium. In Experiment 2, daily water intake of groups receiving 110 mg/kg lasalocid was significantly elevated over that of other coccidiostats and controls. This relationship was also present in calculations of water:body weight and water:feed ratios.
The library research committee: It has the money and the time

Abstract A research advisory committee is an effective way of encouraging and supporting library faculty research. An active development committee, coupled with administrative support, enhances the potential for productive faculty and quality research in academic libraries.
Left ventricular volume reduction surgery for heart failure: A physiologic perspective☆☆☆

Abstract Background: Ventricular volume reduction surgery for idiopathic cardiomyopathy fails to improve cardiac output and is associated with a high incidence of recurrent heart failure. Volume reduction surgery achieved by removing akinetic or dyskinetic myocardium after myocardial infarction appears to be associated with better outcomes. The reasons for the differences in outcomes are not clear. Methods and Results: The hemodynamic effect of the major forms of volume reduction surgery were predicted by using a composite model of the left ventricle in which 20% of the myocardium was given properties of either weak but contracting muscle, an akinetic scar, or a dyskinetic scar (aneurysm). The end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships were determined numerically for each simulated operation. Any volume reduction procedure reduced chamber size, shifting end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships leftward. With resection of weak but contracting muscle, the leftward shift was greater for the end-diastolic than for the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship. Conversely, with resection of dyskinetic scar, the leftward shift was greater for end-systolic than for end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships. In contrast, resection of stiff scar shifted the 2 relationships equally. The effect on overall pump function was indexed by the relationship between total ventricular mechanical work and end-diastolic pressure. There was a beneficial effect on this relationship of resecting dyskinetic tissue, an equivocal effect of akinetic scar resection, and a negative effect of removing contracting myocardium. Conclusions: The effect of volume reduction surgery on overall ventricular pumping characteristics is determined by the differential effects on end-systolic and end-diastolic properties, which in turn are determined by the material properties of the region being removed.