cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Higgs boson production with one bottom quark including higher-order soft-gluon corrections

A Higgs boson produced in association with one or more bottom quarks is of great theoretical and experimental interest to the high-energy community. A precise prediction of its total and differential cross section can have a great impact on the discovery of a Higgs boson with large bottom-quark Yukawa coupling, like the scalar (h{sup 0} and H{sup 0}) and pseudoscalar (A{sup 0}) Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in the region of large tan{beta}. In this paper we apply the threshold resummation formalism to determine both differential and total cross sections for bg{yields}b{phi} (where {phi}=h{sup 0},H{sup 0}), including up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order soft plus virtual QCD corrections at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We present results for both the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
Technetium leukocyte imaging in inflammatory bowel disease.

Technetium-99m white blood cell (99mTc-WBC) imaging has been part of the initial evaluation and follow-up of more than 400 children presenting with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. Studies have suggested that 99mTc-WBC imaging is superior to contrast radiology in assessing the extent and activity of IBD. With only one examination, 99mTc-WBC imaging is ideally suited to obtain a precise temporal snapshot of the distribution and intensity of inflammation, whereas radiography tends to detect more chronic changes. There is a high correlation between 99mTc-WBC imaging findings and those of endoscopy. When total colonoscopy cannot be completed satisfactorily or when contrast radiography findings are negative or equivocal, scintigraphy can confirm the presence of ileitis or right-sided colitis. Occasionally, 99mTc-WBC imaging is useful in differentiating Crohn’s disease from ulcerative colitis. Some studies have suggested that 99mTc-WBC imaging is useful as an initial screening modality to exclude IBD. Technetium-99m WBC imaging is noninvasive, practical, safe, requires no bowel preparation, and entails less radiation exposure than contrast radiology or computed tomography.
GaN p-i-n photodiodes with high visible-to-ultraviolet rejection ratio

UV photodetectors are critical components in many applications, including UV astronomy, flame sensors, early missile threat warning and space-to-space communications. Because of the presence of strong IR radiation in these situations, the photodetectors have to be solar blind, i.e. able to detect UV radiation while not being sensitive to IR. AlxGa1-xN is a promising material system for such devices. AlxGa1-xN materials are wide bandgap semiconductors, with a direct bandgap whose corresponding wavelength can be continuously tuned from 200 to 365 nm. AlxGa1-xN materials are thus insensitive to visible and IR radiation whose wavelengths are higher than 365 nm. We have already reported the fabrication and characterization of AlxGa1-xN- based photoconductors with a cut-off wavelength tunable from 200 to 365 nm by adjusting the ternary alloy composition. Here, we present the growth and characterization of GaN p-i- n photodiodes which exhibit a visible-to-UV rejection ratio of 6 orders or magnitude. The thin films were grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Square mesa structures were fabricated using dry etching, followed by contact metallization. The spectral response, rejection ratio and transient response of these photodiodes is reported.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Normalized measures of concavity and Ross’s strongly more risk averse order

The Arrow-Pratt (A-P) definitions of absolute and relative risk aversion dominate the discussion of risk aversion and defining “more risk averse”. Ross (Econometrica 49:621–663, 1981) notes, however, that being A-P more risk averse is not sufficient for addressing many important comparative static questions. Consequently he introduces “a new and stronger measure for comparing two agents’ attitudes towards risk…”. Ross does not provide a corresponding measure of risk aversion. This paper uses a normalized measure of concavity to characterize the Ross definition of strongly more risk averse on bounded intervals. Other properties and uses of these normalized measures of concavity are also presented.
Interface formation of GaAs with Si(100), Si(111), and Ge(111): Core-level spectroscopy for monolayer coverages of GaAs, Ga, and As

The interface structure of thin overlayers of GaAs grown using molecular-beam epitaxy techniques on on-axis Si(100), Si(111), and Ge(111) substrates has been studied using photoemission core-level spectroscopy. Results for As and Ga overlayers are also reported and are utilized to interpret the results for GaAs growth. The interface bonding is found to be the same for growth using predeposition of Ga as for predeposition of As. For GaAs on Si(111), the bonding at the interface is found to consist predominantly of Si-As bonds. We also find strong evidence of island formation before the completion of the first GaAs bilayer. The total area between islands can be reduced either by faster deposition rates or by using a Ga prelayer. For GaAs on Si(100), bonding takes place to both Ga and As but with fewer Si-Ga bonds than Si-As bonds. The tendency to island formation is less than for the Si(111) case. These results are compared with earlier data for As interaction with off-axis Si(100) surfaces to explain the absence of antiphase domains in GaAs grown on off-axis (100) substrates. Roughly equal numbers of Ge-As and Ge-Ga bonds were found for GaAs on Ge(111), and this result is interpreted as indicating thatmore » Ge interdiffuses more rapidly into GaAs than does Si.« less
On generic stabilizability and pole assignability

Abstract We provide a lower bound for the minimal order of a compensator which can se stabilize a generic real m- input , p- output linear system of degree n . In addition we show that the complex systems of degree n are generically stabilizable with a complex compensator of degree at most q if and only if they are generically pole assignable.
Future directions in vascular interventional radiology

Advances in vascular interventional radiology have occured at a dramatic rate over the last 15 years. Although it is not likely that changes will be as striking and important over the next 15 years it is likely that substantial changes will occur, ones that are likely to have significant impact on health care. Such changes can be considered in three areas, vascular imaging, vascular treatment modalities, and understanding of the role and effects of such minimally-invasive treatment. In regard to imaging, there have been major advances in the role of non-invasive modalities, namely ultrasound, CT and MRI. It is likely that angiography as a purely diagnostic modality will continue to decrease in importance. Simultaneously, however, percutaneous interventions are increasing in importance, and this mandates continued attention to safer and more effective contrast agents. Regarding treatment, stents have already come to play an important role, and this is likely to expand with the availability of various types of stents and stent grafts. Other devices, ranging from different types of angioplasty balloons to atherectomy and thrombectomy catheters, are also undergoing investigation. With all devices, and with all interventions for vascular disease, a critical issue is an improved understanding of the response to therapy. Restenosis following angioplasty has been a major problem, both theoretically and in terms of optimal technology use. Many investigatiors have attempted to both understand and alter restenosis. Recently, there has been some success, both pharmacologically and with the use of devices such as stents. Vascular interventional radiology continues to face many challenges and many opportunities. This field is likely to continue to grow, and to play an increasing role in parent care.
Messenger RNA synthesis in the testis of immature rats: effect of gonadotropins and cyclic AMP.

Abstract Two hours after the intratesticular injection of FSH, hCG or cyclic AMP, the incorporation of labeled uridine into poly(A)-rich RNA was increased. Pretreatment with actinomycin D inhibited the incorporation of uridine into mRNA. After the seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells were separated by treatment with collagenase, FSH treatment increased mRNA synthesis only in the tubules whereas hCG stimulated mRNA synthesis only in the interstitial cells. Cyclic AMP increased the synthesis of mRNA in both interstitial cells and seminiferous tubules. These results suggest a differential action of the two gonadotropic hormones in the cells of the testis; both effects appear to be mediated by cyclic AMP.
Comments on Hasenfeld and Gidron: “Understanding multi-purpose hybrid voluntary organizations”

Hasenfeld and Gidron make an important point: third sector organizations differ in some fundamental ways, yet many today are hybrids and seek to accomplish many different goals all at the same time...
Is substrate inhibition a consequence of allostery in aspartate transcarbamylase

Aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) is a highly regulated, multisubunit enzyme that catalyzes the first regulated step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. Although ATCase exhibits strong substrate inhibition (the reduction of enzyme activity at high substrate concentrations), the mechanism of substrate inhibition has not been investigated. At the molecular level, substrate inhibition may result either from local events at the active site or from global or specific long-range allosteric effects. We have compared the results of fitting kinetic data to several models: (a) a semi-empirical steady-state kinetic model that includes cooperative substrate binding (described by a Hill coefficient) and partial uncompetitive substrate inhibition, (b) a nested allosteric model developed to analyze substrate inhibition of the ATPase activity of GroEL, an enzyme with a quaternary structure analogous to ATCase (O. Yifrach and A. Horovitz, Biochemistry, 34 (1995) 5303), and (c) purely concerted models, including a model originally proposed by Monod et al. (J. Monod, J. Wyman and J.P. Changeux, J. Mol. Biol., 12 (1965) 88). Model (a) is the first kinetic equation for ATCase that both fits the data and returns physically realistic values for all parameters, but it is a modified Hill equation and thus returns little or no molecular mechanistic information. The nested allosteric model (b), which assumes concerted cooperativity within each catalytic trimer of ATCase and sequential cooperativity between trimers, is unlikely to be the correct model for ATCase, since isolated catalytic trimers, which cannot exhibit the sequential cooperativity of the model, still exhibit substrate inhibition. Analysis of concerted models (c) shows that a two-state model is inadequate to account for substrate inhibition in ATCase. Further, although unique fits to a three-state model cannot be obtained, because the parameters are highly correlated, several sets of parameter values fit the data well and are in accord with other experimental results. These results indicate that substrate inhibition in ATCase may be the consequence of allostery, and that further experimental investigation is warranted.
Thermocapillary convection in an absorbing-scattering medium subjected to irradiation

Abstract The criteria for the onset of thermocapillary convection in a horizontal radiating fluid layer heated by an incident thermal radiative energy source are determined. The fluid layer is an absorbing and isotropically scattering medium confined between a free upper surface and an insulated rigid lower surface. Linear analysis is performed on the continuity, momentum, energy, and approximate radiative equations. The resulting disturbance equations are solved using a numerical optimization technique to obtain the eigenvalues governing the onset of convective motion. The influence of thermal radiation on the critical Marangoni number is examined. Attention is drawn to the physical significance of the heat transfer mode, gravitational force, the scattering effect, and the surface radiative properties. The conditions leading to the onset of convection are presented as functions of the optical thickness, scattering albedo, Planck number, surface emissivities, and transmissivities.
A behavior analytics approach to identifying tweets from crisis regions

The growing popularity of Twitter as an information medium has allowed unprecedented access to first-hand information during crises and mass emergency situations. Due to the sheer volume of information generated during a disaster, a key challenge is to filter tweets from the crisis region so their analysis can be prioritized. In this paper, we introduce the task of identifying whether a tweet is generated from crisis regions and formulate it as a decision problem. This problem is challenging due to the fact that only ~1% of all tweets have location information. Existing approaches tackle this problem by predicting the location of the user using historical tweets from users or their social network. As collecting historical information is not practical during emergency situations, we investigate whether it is possible to determine that a tweet originates from the crisis region through the information in the tweet and the publishing user's profile.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Voriconazole in Patients at Risk of Fungal Infection: A Dose Escalation Study

The objective of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral voriconazole in subjects at high risk of developingfungal infections. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, dose escalation study with a fluconazole active control. Twenty-four subjects with hematological malignancies, solid tumors, or autologous bone marrow transplants were randomized to receive voriconazole 200 mg q 12 h (n = 9), voriconazole 300 mg q 12 h (n = 9), or fluconazole 400 mg OD (n = 6)for a period of 14 days. Blood samples were taken for the assessment of voriconazole pharmacokinetics in plasma on Days 1 and 14. Using a 200 mg q 12 h dosing regimen, geometric mean voriconazole peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 904 ng/ml on Day 1 and 2996 ng/ml on Day 14. Geometric mean voriconazole exposure, as measured by the area under the curve within a dosing interval (AUCtau), was 4044 and 20308 ng x h/ml on Days 1 and 14, respectively. On Day 1, geometric mean Cmax and AUC were 1.80- and 1.94-fold higher in subjects receiving voriconazole 300 mg q 12 h than in those receiving 200 mg q 12 h. Similarly, on Day 14, geometric mean Cmax and AUC were 1.56- and 1.80-fold greater in the high-dose group. Although the confidence intervals are large, this trend suggests nonlinearity in pharmacokinetics with respect to dose as seen in healthy volunteers. The absorption of orally administered voriconazole was relatively rapid, with t(max) achieved in 1.7 to 3.0 hours. There was a mean 5.4- and 5.0-fold accumulation of voriconazole over the 14-day study period in the 200 mg and 300 mg q 12 h dose groups, respectively. Voriconazole was generally safe and well tolerated. Mild, reversible visual disturbances were the most commonly reported adverse event but were not associated with treatment discontinuation. No patient developed a breakthrough fungal infection. It was concluded that in this group of patients at risk of fungal infection, voriconazole pharmacokinetics was consistent with that reported in healthy volunteers.
Alignment of He- and H-like P states of 48-MeV foil-excited Mg ions.

The angular distributions of the /sup 1/P, /sup 3/P, and /sup 2/P lines of 2-MeV/amu Mg projectiles excited by collision with carbon and aluminum atoms in thin foils have been measured with a pivoted plane-crystal Bragg spectrometer. Both the polarizations of these lines and the reflection properties of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) diffraction crystal have been determined. The sigma/sub 0//sigma/sub 1/ cross-section ratios for populating the 2p(Vertical BarmVertical Bar = 0) and 2p(Vertical BarmVertical Bar = 1) states in the 1s2p He-like and the 2p H-like configurations were deduced from the polarization values and compared with the coupled-states calculation of Reading et al., assuming that the mechanism populating these states is the capture of electrons from the K shell of the target. The agreement between theory and experiment is very good for carbon excitation, but for aluminum excitation the theory significantly overestimates the cross-section ratio. The influence of foil tilting and cascade contributions on the polarization were investigated experimentally and taken into account in the analysis of the measurements.
THE TREATMENT OF PENSIONS AND INSURANCE IN NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

In the course of the nearly two decades since the revised SNA was developed, the role of pensions and insurance in the developed western economies has been significantly altered. The United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA) is not fully consistent in its treatment of pension and insurance transactions. This paper examines whether, in view of the changed institutional context, a modification of the SNA treatment of this complex of flows would be desirable. It investigates the impact on household income and saving of adopting a somewhat more consistent transactor/transaction approach for all pension and insurance transactions. Four main topics are covered: (1) social security, (2) private pensions, (3) life insurance, and (4) casualty insurance. Each is considered in terms of the treatment of contributions, the treatment of benefits, and the handling of reserves and the income generated by them. The same sorts of problem arise in all four cases.
Behavioral predictors of low fat intake among economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents.

Abstract Purpose To determine whether five behaviors shown to predict low fat intake in adults predicted low fat intake among economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents. Design Cross-sectional. Subjects and Measures Recruited through youth services agencies serving low-income communities in New York and New Jersey, participants were 265 African-American adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. Participants completed the Block Fat Screener and scales for measuring the following behaviors: avoiding fat as a seasoning, modifying meat to make it lower in fat, substituting high-fat foods with manufactured low-fat equivalents, replacing high-fat foods with fruits and vegetables, and replacing high-fat foods with low-fat foods other than fruits and vegetables. Analysis The reliability and construct validity of the scales were assessed using internal consistency reliability and correlation analyses. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine behavioral predictors of low fat intake. Results Scale coef...
A comparison of the efficacy of azithromycin and clarithromycin in oral therapy of experimental airborne legionnaires' disease

The activities of two new macrolides, azithromycin and clarithromycin, were compared in an aerosol-infected guinea-pig model of legionnaires' disease. The results of this study indicate that a low oral dose of azithromycin (3.6 mg/kg) administered once daily gives 100% survival in Legionella pneumophila-infected animals. An eight-fold higher dose of clarithromycin (28.8 mg/kg) given twice-daily was required to achieve the same effect. Similarly, azithromycin was more effective than clarithromycin in preventing pyrexia and in reducing numbers of bacteria and lesions in the lung.
Environmental control of annual testicular cycles in the lizard Anolis carolinensis. II. Seasonal variations in the effects of photoperiod and temperature on testicular recrudescence

The effects of photoperiod and changing body temperature on testicular growth in Anolis carolinensis vary seasonally. Both a photo- and thermal-refractoriness are evident. During September and October, 14-hour day-lengths accelerated testicular recrudescence in lizards at 32°C; a more rapid response occurred during October, suggesting a “relative” photorefractoriness. Photoperiod had little influence on the testicular cycle after October, once testis development started. Day-lengths between 12 and 16 hours had no effect during any month if body temperatures were kept at 20°C. Exposures to high temperatures (32°C) in September delayed testicular recrudescence when day-lengths were 12 hours or less, but after mid-October, high temperatures accelerated gonadal development, independent of day-length. These data suggest a thermal refractoriness during September that might be important in preventing premature testicular hypertrophy. A differential temperature sensitivity was evident among various testicular activities. The testes became abnormally enlarged but spermatogenic development was retarded at 20°C. Spermiation and androgen production appear especially temperature-sensitive. These temperature sensitivities account for the long (3 month) arrest of spermatogenic development in nature during the winter. The rapid completion of testicular development during the two weeks following emergence from hibernation is probably dependent on elevations in body temperature and not on increased day-lengths. Temperature, not photoperiod, appears to be the primary factor in controlling testicular recrudescence once it has started. A similar environmental control may explain testicular cycles among other species of lizards.
Has wind–wave modeling reached its limit?

This article uses a comparison of four different numerical wave prediction models for hindcast wave conditions in Lake Michigan during a 10-day episode in October 1988 to illustrate that typical wave prediction models based on the concept of a wave energy spectrum may have reached a limit in the accuracy with which they can simulate realistic wave generation and growth conditions. In the hindcast study we compared the model results to observed wave height and period measurements from two deep water NOAA/NDBC weather buoys and from a nearshore Waverider buoy. Hourly wind fields interpolated from a large number of coastal and overlake observations were used to drive the models. The same numerical grid was used for all the models. The results show that while the individual model predictions deviate from the measurements by various amounts, they all tend to reflect the general trend and patterns of the wave measurements. The differences between the model results are often similar in magnitude to differences between model results and observations. Although the four models tested represent a wide range of sophistication in their treatment of wave growth dynamics, they are all based on the assumption that the sea state can be represented by a wave energy spectrum. Because there are more similarities among the model results than significant differences, we believe that this assumption may be the limiting factor for substantial improvements in wave modeling.
Telemetry outside critical care units: Patterns of utilization and influence on management decisions

Background Guidelines for the use of telemetry in hospitalized patients have been proposed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC). However, there have been only a few studies which have investigated the usefulness of these guidelines in clinical practice. Hypothesis This study assessed the role of telemetry in the decision making process outside the critical care units. Methods The observational study, lasting 4 weeks, was conducted in the telemetry unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital and included 61 male patients (age range 40-61 years). They had been directly admitted to the telemetry unit or transferred from a critical care unit and were followed for as long as telemetry was active. Indication for telemetry and the contribution of telemetry to management decisions were assessed by a physician not involved in the care of the patient. Results Cumulative number of telemetry days was 379 with a mean of 6.2 days per patient. Total number of telemetry events was 297. According to the ACC classification, 14 patients (22.9%) had class I indication, 21 patients (34.4%) had class II indication, and 26 patients (42.6%) had class III indication. Telemetry events were seen in 18.2% of class I patients, in 39.7% of class II patients, and in 42.1% of class III patients. Only 12 telemetry events (4%) resulted in patient management, with none belonging to class III. Conclusion Telemetry findings in patients outside the critical care units are not usually responsible for major therapeutic changes. The value of telemetry in such patients may be overrated.
Determining ideal baseball bat weights using muscle force-velocity relationships

The equations of physics for bat-ball collisions were coupled to the physiology of the muscle force-velocity relationship to compute the ideal bat weight for individual baseball players. The results of this coupling suggest that some batters use bats that are too heavy for them, and some batters use bats that are too light, but most experienced batters use bats that are just right. However, ideal bat weight is not correlated with height, weight, or age. Decades of prior physiological research on force-velocity relationships of isolated muscle have shown that hyperbolic curves usually fit the data best. However, for the present data, the hyperbolic curves fit only one class of subjects best: for the others a straight line provides the best fit. We hypothesize that these two classes of players use different control strategies.
Regulation of human neutrophil apoptosis and lifespan in health and disease.

Neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cells in humans and play a central role in innate host defense. Another distinguishing feature of PMNs is their short lifespan. Specifically, these cells survive for less than 24 hours in the bloodstream and are inherently pre-programed to die by constitutive apoptosis. Recent data indicate that this process is regulated by intracellular signaling and changes in gene expression that define an “apoptosis differentiation program.” Infection typically accelerates neutrophil turnover, and as such, phagocytosis-induced cell death (PICD) and subsequent clearance of the corpses by macrophages are essential for control of infection and resolution of the inflammatory response. Herein we reprise recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neutrophil apoptosis with a focus on regulatory factors and pathway intermediates that are specific to this cell type. In addition, we summarize mechanisms whereby perturbation of PMN death contributes directly to the pathogenesis of many infectious and inflammatory disease states.
Evaluate the performance changes of processor simulator benchmarks When context switches are incorporated

Building state-of-the-art processors is expensive and time consuming. Once the design is finalized and implemented, simulations are used to evaluate functionality and performance of the system. The Sim-alpha processor simulator is one of the most important tools for performance evaluations. Enhancing processor simulators is one of the major research field and many studies are underway related to this area. Current, open source, processor simulators do not account for the influences caused by multi-processing. In this study, we had shown that most processor simulations only test one program at a time on a virtual processor. The goal of the project was to demonstrate how processor simulators work when external influences are incorporated. Hardware or software interrupts are events that alter sequence of instructions executed by a processor. A context switch occurs when a multitasking operating system suspends the currently running process, and starts executing another. An additional code was added to the Sim-alpha program to allow for context switch. Benchmarks were executed with and without time slice context switch as well as different time slices. The results had shown that when the number of cycles before flushing the cache increases, the miss rate will decrease. For example if we are flushing the cache every 150 cycles, the cache miss rate is 48% compare to 2% without flushing the cache. The effect of flushing the cache is significant on the cache performance of processor simulators. In real life environments, processor must support multiple processes. We demonstrated with a simple change in the code that these simulators can have a more realistic workload. The effect of flushing the cache is significant on the cache performance of processor simulators. Current models do not account for this and may over estimate the performance gains of a particular processor design.
Color/Form Matching as Indicator of Cognitive Reorganization in Kindergarten Children.

Summary It was hypothesized that Piaget's argument on behalf of the reorganization of cognitive processes would gain empirical support from a color/form, matching similar objects problem for 52 (29 boys, 23 girls) 6-year-olds from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. The instrument had 32 frames, each of which had three red or blue objects, some of regular and some of irregular shape. After color or form dominance for each child was established, frames were presented in which the dominant dimension could be chosen only through cognitive reorganization. Indications of cognitive reorganization for form-processing children included switching to color choices when all three objects were of identical shape, taking significantly (p < .05) greater time to make a choice for irregularly shaped objects, and having judges find indications of the use of parts of irregularly shaped objects for matches in verbal explanations by each child.
The explicit computation of integration algorithms and first integrals for ordinary differential equations with polynomial coefficients using trees

This note is concerned with the explicit symbolic computation of expressions involving differential operators and their actions on functions. The derivation of specialized numerical algorithms, the explicit symbolic computation of integrals of motion, and the explicit computation of normal forms for nonlinear systems all require such computations. More precisely, if R = k(x(sub 1),...,x(sub N)), where k = R or C, F denotes a differential operator with coefficients from R, and g member of R, we describe data structures and algorithms for efficiently computing g. The basic idea is to impose a multiplicative structure on the vector space with basis the set of finite rooted trees and whose nodes are labeled with the coefficients of the differential operators. Cancellations of two trees with r + 1 nodes translates into cancellation of O(N(exp r)) expressions involving the coefficient functions and their derivatives.
Position-Specific Secondary Deuterium Isotope Effects on Basicity of Pyridine

Secondary isotope effects (IEs) on basicities of various deuterated pyridine isotopologues and of 2,6-lutidine-2,6-(CD3)2 have been accurately measured in aqueous solution by an NMR titration method applicable to a mixture. Deuteration at any position of pyridine increases the basicity, but the IE per deuterium is largest for substitution at the 3-position and smallest for the 2-position, which is closest to the site of N-protonation, smaller even than that for 2-CD3 substitution. Computations at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level overestimate the magnitude of the measured IEs but largely reproduce the variability with isotopic position. Because the calculated IEs are based on changes in vibrational frequencies on N-protonation, the correspondence between calculated and experimental IEs implies that they arise from zero-point energies, rather than from inductive effects.
Statistical procedure in developmental studies on species with multiple offspring.

Calculations are given illustrating appropriate and inappropriate methods of statistical evaluation of data involving effects on offspring of experimental treatments given to pregnant rats. Failure to recognize the cluster effect in experiments of this nature can give rise to erroneous utilization of statistical procedure.
The effect of agent treatment time on the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo

Abstract The effect of time of agent administration, via intraperitoneal injection, in the yield of SCEs in bone marrow cells of male B6C3F1 mice was determined for cyclophosphamide (CP), 7,12-dimethyl-benz[ a ]-anthracene (DMBA) and mitomycin C (MMC). Animals were treated with several doses of each carcinogen/mutagen at 3 different treatment times: −1, +1 and +8 h in relation to the onset of BrdUrd administration. The results of these studies indicate that the optimal treatment time for inducing a maximal SCE response is agent-specific. For CP, the slope of the SCE response was greatest at the +8 h treatment time while the maximal response for DMBA occurred at the −1 h treatment time. For MMC, the slope of the SCE response was independent of treatment time and of the method of bromodeoxyuridine administration (intravenous infusion vs. tablet implantation) but dependent on the laboratory conducting the study (Brookhaven National Laboratory vs. Oak Ridge Associated Universities). Based on the results of these studies, the +1 h acute treatment time is considered optimal for the in vivo cytogenetic evaluation of suspect chemicals for genotoxic activity when bone marrow is used as the target cell population.
On the calculation of heat and momentum transport in a round jet

Abstract This communication deals with the determination of the turbulent Prandtl number and some constants which appear in the mixing length, k/e and k/w turbulence models. The determination is carried out in a heated round jet by means of a finite-difference algorithm whose results are compared with the available experimental data. It is shown that in round jets the constants that multiply the production terms in the e- and w- equations have values of 1.52 and 1.50, and the turbulent Prandtl number is 0.80.
EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS INSULIN ON GLUCOSE DISPOSAL OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) INFANTS

Hyperglycemia, is one of the complications of parenteral alimentation in LBW infants. The effectiveness of insulin administration to improve glucose disposal was evaluated in 7 infants (mean b.w. 1100 gms., mean gestation 29 wks) at age 5-14 days. At midpoint during a 4 hr constant glucose infusion (14 mg/Kg/min), a placebo (0.9% saline) was given (control); the next day, insulin (10 mU/Kg/min for 50 min) replaced the placebo (experimental). Plasma insulin (I) increased during glucose infusion induced hyperglycemia. Exogenous insulin results in further increase in I with significant fall in plasma glucose (G) and glucose insulin ratio (G/I). G remained normal 2 hours following conclusion of the 4 hr study. Hyperglycemia in LBW infants can be abolished by insulin treatment allowing 20 gm/Kg/day of glucose intake as a caloric source.
Adaptation to robot failures and shape change in decentralized construction

Our prior work [1] presented a decentralized algorithm for coordinating the construction of a truss structure out of multiple components. In this paper, we discuss adaptation in decentralized construction. We partition construction in two tasks, tool delivery and assembly. Each task is performed by a networked team of specialized robots. We analyze the performance of the algorithms using the balls into bins problem, and show their adaptation to failure of robots, dynamic constraints, multiple types of elements and reconfiguration. The algorithms can be used for general types of source elements.
Extraction of free-free modes using constrained test data

We present a method that considers the compensation for the modal truncation effect; it is essentially the application of the approach originally developed by Baruch and Bar Itshack, Wei, Baruch, and Berman and Nagy for stiffness matrix modification
Transventricular Blood Vessels in the Third Ventricle of the Armadillo Brain

Transventricular filaments were observed with scanning electron microscopy on the dorsolateral wall of the infundibular recess of the third ventricle of the armadillo brain. Two to seven transventricular filaments per animal were present in 6 of 18 animals. There were two types of transventricular filaments, ciliated and bare. Using transmission electron microscopy, we determined that these filaments consisted of a single, central capillary surrounded by ciliated ependymal cells and a small accumulation of axons in five animals. In one animal, a bare filament had a central capillary surrounded by a large accumulation of axons with no surrounding ependyma. The consistent location and structure of these filaments indicate a possible function for a small vascular network, as well as a possible commissural network connecting right and left hypothalami in the region of infundibular nuclei.
Nondisclosure and Adverse Disclosure as Signals of Firm Value

We present a model in which some of the firm’s information (“new”) can be disclosed verifiably and some information (“type”) cannot, to show that some firms may voluntarily withhold good news and disclose bad news. We describe an equilibrium in which high-type firms withhold good news and disclose bad news whereas low-type firms disclose good news and withhold bad news. Under some parameter values, this equilibrium exists when other more traditional equilibria are ruled out by standard equilibrium refinements. The model explains some otherwise anomalous empirical evidence concerning stock price reactions to disclosure, provides some new empirical predictions, and suggests that mandatory disclosure requirements may have the undesirable consequence of making it more difficult for firms to reveal information that cannot be disclosed credibly.
α-Cyanation of Tertiary Amines

Abstract The α-cyanation of tertiary amines is customarily accomplished by mercuric acetate oxidation of the amine to form the enamine, which on treatment with base yields the corresponding Schiff's base. Subsequent treatment with aqueous potassium cyanide yields the desired product2. Alternatively, and less commonly, the α-cyanation of tertiary amines can be carried out electrolytically3,4
Microwave Backscatter Dependence on Surface Roughness, Soil Moisture, And Soil Texture: Part III-Soil Tension

Results are presented of an experimental program to determine the impact of soil texture on radar response to soil moisture present within nonvegetated soil surfaces. These findings extend previous reports which document the experimental relationship between the radar backscattering coefficient ?° and soil moisture for bare soil [1] and soil under crop canopies [2]. In confirmation of previous results [1] and [2], the sensitivity of ?° to surface gravimetric or volumetric soil moisture is shown to be inversely related to clay content of the soil. As a result, gravimetric or volumetric moisture indicators exhibit poor performance in moisture estimation algorithms for complex multitextured soils. However, estimation algorithms incorporating some knowledge of soil water retention as a function of soil matric potential, or tension, display strong correlation with radar response, typically r ? 0.8, and are shown to be relatively independent of soil texture. These findings are shown to be consistent with soil dielectric properties [3]-[5].
Dynamic pricing in the virtual marketplace

From its simple beginnings in the town square, the "marketplace" has grown to encompass the entire global business environment. The vast and intricately woven infrastructure necessary for this level of commerce involves issues of money, credit, insurance, legal infrastructure, corporate and individual identities, and fraud detection and deterrence. As market activities move online, we have an opportunity to re-examine the processes and conventions that governed pre-Internet commerce, and to restructure those that need it for the virtual marketplace. One concept being challenged by new technologies is fixed pricing, which became prevalent in western society during the industrial revolution when mass production and widespread delivery of goods made price negotiation impractical. A Wyoming frontiersman could not negotiate with Sears, Roebuck and Co. about the mail-order catalog price of a pair of boots in the late 1890s. The Internet now has the potential to reverse that trend.
Multirate 3-D subband coding of video

We propose a full color video compression strategy, based on 3-D subband coding with camera pan compensation, to generate a single embedded bit stream supporting multiple decoder display formats and a wide, finely gradated range of bit rates. An experimental implementation of our algorithm produces a single bit stream, from which suitable subsets are extracted to be compatible with many decoder frame sizes and frame rates and to satisfy transmission bandwidth constraints ranging from several tens of kilobits per second to several megabits per second. Reconstructed video quality from any of these bit stream subsets is often found to exceed that obtained from an MPEG-1 implementation, operated with equivalent bit rate constraints, in both perceptual quality and mean squared error. In addition, when restricted to 2-D, the algorithm produces some of the best results available in still image compression. >
On the comparison of microdata disclosure control algorithms

Privacy models such as k-anonymity and l-diversity typically offer an aggregate or scalar notion of the privacy property that holds collectively on the entire anonymized data set. However, they fail to give an accurate measure of privacy with respect to the individual tuples. For example, two anonymizations achieving the same value of k in the k-anonymity model will be considered equally good with respect to privacy protection. However, it is quite possible that for one of the anonymizations a majority of the individual tuples have lesser probabilities of privacy breaches than their counterparts in the other anonymization. We therefore reject the notion that all anonymizations satisfying a particular privacy property, such as k-anonymity, are equally good. The scalar or aggregate value used in privacy models is often biased towards a fraction of the data set, resulting in higher privacy for some individuals and minimalistic for others. Consequently, to better compare anonymization algorithms, there is a need to formalize and measure this bias. Towards this end, we advocate the use of vector-based methods for representing privacy and other measurable properties of an anonymization. We represent the measure of a given property for an anonymized data set using a property vector. Anonymizations are then compared using quality index functions that quantify the effectiveness of the property vectors. A formal analysis with respect to their scope and limitations is provided. Finally, we present preference based techniques when comparisons are to be made across multiple properties induced by anonymizations.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis PEROXIN4 and the Interacting Protein PEROXIN22

Peroxins are genetically defined as proteins necessary for peroxisome biogenesis. By screening for reduced response to indole-3-butyric acid, which is metabolized to active auxin in peroxisomes, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana peroxin4 (pex4) mutant. This mutant displays sucrose-dependent seedling development and reduced lateral root production, characteristics of plant peroxisome malfunction. We used yeast two-hybrid analysis to determine that PEX4, an apparent ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, interacts with a previously unidentified Arabidopsis protein, PEX22. A pex4 pex22 double mutant enhanced pex4 defects, confirming that PEX22 is a peroxin. Expression of both Arabidopsis genes together complemented yeast pex4 or pex22 mutant defects, whereas expression of either gene individually failed to rescue the corresponding yeast mutant. Therefore, it is likely that the Arabidopsis proteins can function similarly to the yeast PEX4-PEX22 complex, with PEX4 ubiquitinating substrates and PEX22 tethering PEX4 to the peroxisome. However, the severe sucrose dependence of the pex4 pex22 mutant is not accompanied by correspondingly strong defects in peroxisomal matrix protein import, suggesting that this peroxin pair may have novel plant targets in addition to those important in fungi. Isocitrate lyase is stabilized in pex4 pex22, indicating that PEX4 and PEX22 may be important during the remodeling of peroxisome matrix contents as glyoxysomes transition to leaf peroxisomes.
Single and Composite Hot Subdwarf Stars in the Light of 2MASS All-Sky Photometry

Utilizing the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) All-Sky Data Release Catalog, we have retrieved useful near-IR J, H, and Ks magnitudes for more than 800 hot subdwarfs (sdO and sdB stars) drawn from the "Catalogue of Spectroscopically Identified Hot Subdwarfs" (Kilkenny, Heber, & Drilling 1988, 1992). This sample size greatly exceeds previous studies of hot subdwarfs. We find that, of the hot subdwarfs in Kilkenny et al., ~40% in a magnitude limited sample have colors that are consistent with the presence of an unresolved late type (FGK) companion. Binary stars are over-represented in a magnitude limited sample. In an approximately volume limited sample the fraction of composite-color binaries is ~25%.
Characterization of the Region Encompassing the Human Lysyl Oxidase Locus

A 46,823 bp region of human chromosome 5q23.1 encompassing the seven-exon lysyl oxidase gene was characterized at the primary sequence level. Approximately 17.4% of this region is comprised of repetitive elements. The gene colocalizes with microsatellite marker D5S467. It is flanked by two candidate nuclear matrix association regions (MARs). The 5′ MAR centered at position 12,500 is of the AT-rich and curved DNA class. This is followed by a large CpG island containing fifty-seven putative regulatory elements which extend from just upstream of exon 1 to intron 2. The larger 3′ MAR, spans position 35,050–39,750 and is characterized by a TG-rich kinked structure that also contains a topoisomerase II binding site. Based on these results model of the transcriptional regulation of the lysy/oxidase gene is presented.
Adaptive resource reservation for indoor wireless LANs

Emerging communication-intensive applications such as multimedia teleconferencing require significant networking resources for efficient operation. In an indoor mobile computing environment, limited wireless resources and user mobility require effective resource reservation algorithms. These requirements demand an efficient advance reservation algorithm in order to minimize handoff call dropping while not compromising the network utilization. This paper proposes a design framework and algorithms for advance resource reservation over the wireless link in indoor cellular wireless LANs. The key insight presented is that different cells in an indoor mobile computing environment behave differently based on location, and need to manage their resources according to their behavior profiles. We present two results: (a) classification of cells and predictive advance reservation based on location and behavior profiles, and (b) state-dependent resource reservation based on statistical information.