cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lowland Maya water management practices: The household exploitation of rural wells

A hypothesis developed by Vernon Scarborough and endorsed and modified by Lisa Lucero and Anabel Ford proposes that lowland Maya elites centralized and coordinated political power by controlling access to water stored in large, centrally located reservoirs. The hypothesis presupposes that in the central and southern Maya lowlands, nonelites did not have access to viable alternative dry-season water sources. This paper demonstrates that, in the east-central and southwestern areas of the Maya lowlands, fault springs were an important source of water, particularly to rural peoples. After reviewing the evidence of Maya fault spring exploitation and documenting the hydrogeological conditions under which fault springs form, I describe wells that rural households built to expose fault springs and enhance their flow, including clay-lined and stone-lined shafts. Also documented are three well types found elsewhere in the Maya lowlands: (1) wells built to exploit permanent, generally shallow water tables; (2) wells dug to catch precipitation as it filtered down through bedrock; and (3) buk'teob, built to recover during the dry season the receding contents of pools that during the rainy season collect in aguadas. The dispersed distribution of Maya wells in rural settings and their frequent association with modest residential remains suggests that nonelite households managed them. The existence of Maya wells that supplied water to rural peoples through the dry season is inconsistent with the Scarborough-Lucero-Ford hypothesis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Racial and ethnic differences in patterns of treatment for acute peripheral arterial disease in the United States, 1998-2006

Objective Prior studies have documented racial and ethnic disparities in rates of amputations for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the United States. We analyze whether there are underlying differences in the types of treatment provided to patients who are acutely hospitalized for PAD. Methods The 1998-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to examine patterns of treatment. We considered a hospitalization an acute admission for PAD if (1) the primary diagnosis was PAD, and (2) the patient was admitted urgently or emergently or through an emergency department. Vascular interventions were designated as open bypass, endovascular intervention, or major amputation, defined as disarticulation at the ankle or higher amputation. Results From 1998 through 2006, the likelihood of an endovascular procedure being performed during an acute hospitalization for PAD increased from 11.5% to 35.3%, and open vascular procedures decreased from 34.9% to 25.4%. The likelihood of a major amputation during an acute hospitalization for PAD decreased from 29.7% to 20.3%. Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than white patients to undergo amputation and were less likely to have an endovascular or open revascularization. Conclusion Use of endovascular procedures has increased and use of open vascular bypass has decreased in the inpatient treatment of acute PAD. Although the overall likelihood of amputation has decreased, racial and ethnic differences persist, with black and Hispanic patients experiencing a higher likelihood of amputation.
Continuous Perfectibility: Pueblo Propriety and the Consequences of Literacy

Indigenous language literacy in Pueblo contexts is both highly controversial and a new site for the enactment of processes of perfectibility, refinement, and control. This essay examines the creation, content, and circulation of an indigenous language pedagogical text at San Antonio Pueblo and the ways that writing is used in prototypically Pueblo ways. This allows for the expansion of understandings of secrecy, literacies, and the importance of examining language in material form. I argue that by considering practices of perfectibility, a critique of the formation of publics arises centering on literacy as a technology of refinement and control rather than anonymous circulation. Indigenous-language literacy practices at San Antonio Pueblo reflect different understandings of citizenship and political participation that rely on known but indirectly addressed individuals, rather than unknown publics, for their realization.
Residual Stresses and Resulting Damage Within Fibers Intersecting A Free Surface

Finite element as well as indentation fracture mechanics modeling have been used to analyze the evolution of fiber damage that was observed at the ends of fibers intersecting a free surface in sapphire-reinforced TiAl matrix composites. Experimental observations indicate that, under certain conditions, surface cracks introduced during cutting will propagate along the fiber axis due to thermally-induced residual stresses. Finite element computations predict that significant thermally-induced residual tensile stresses exist near the ends of sapphire fibers which are embedded within TiAl-based matrices and are oriented normal to a free surface. Crack growth behavior induced by microhardness indentations is used to experimentally verify the FEM predictions. The results indicate that a biaxial tensile residual stress state exists near the fiber ends due to a thermal expansion mismatch. The magnitude of the residual stresses are a sensitive function of interfacial bond strength and elastic/plastic properties of the interfacial region and may be sufficient to propagate pre-existing cracks.
Unidentified cells reside in fish skeletal muscle

Cell cultures were established from the skeletal muscle tissue of 6–13 months old rainbow trout and 12–14 months old yellow perch. Approximately 27,000 ± 5,000 cells/g (trout; N = 5) and 5,000 ± 1,200 cells/g of tissue (perch; N = 4) were obtained. Isolation and propagation were qualitatively greater for both species when the cells (younger fish producer more cells than older fish) were exposed to DMEM + 15% FBS, rather than L-15 + 15% FBS, at 20 °C (trout) and at 24 °C (yellow perch). Two morphologically distinct cell types were observed in cultures of both species, some of which eventually formed very small myotubes, which displayed immunocytological reactivity for myogenin, myosin heavy chain, and α-actinin; the second population of cells remained unstained. Successful cryopreservation was achieved using a 5% DMSO and 95% serum mixture, but post-thawing viabilities were low 5–27% (trout) and 14–30% (perch). Further research is needed in order to determine cell type specificity of isolated cells.
Where Do Institutions Come From? Exploring the Origins of the Senate Blue Slip

Perhaps the most striking feature of the Senate's practice of advice and consent today is the deference accorded home state senators in reviewing presidential appointments to the federal bench. Although the Constitution calls for the advice and consent of the Senate body, informal norms of the Senate provide home state senators with a potential veto of nominations to fill federal judgeships within their states. One norm—senatorial courtesy—historically ensured that senators would defer to the views of the home state senator from the president's party. Another practice—the Senate “blue slip”—allocates special procedural rights to both home state senators regardless of political party. A single objection from a home state senator from either party has historically been considered sufficient to defeat confirmation of a nominee. The blue slip also allows home state senators to influence the course of nominations prospectively—encouraging presidents to heed the preferences of home state senators in selecting new federal judges.
“We don’t talk about it” and other interpersonal influences on Hmong women’s breast and cervical cancer screening decisions

Hmong women in the United States have low rates of breast and cervical cancer screening, and the factors that influence screening in this population are not well understood. This qualitative study explored family and clan influences on Hmong women’s breast and cervical cancer screening attitudes and behavior. We conducted in-depthinterviewswithHmongwomenandmen living in Oregon. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. Transcripts of 83 interviews were analysed using content analysis. We identified four key themes. First, Hmong women make decisions about breast and cervical cancer screening independently. Second, Hmong families do not discuss breast and cervical cancer screening.Forsome,nottalkingaboutbreastand cervical cancer screening was seen as a way that family and clan influence attitudes. Third, Hmong families can provide encouragement and support for screening. Although women make their own decisions, about one-half of participantsreportedthatfamilyencouragedorsupported them or women in their family to get screened. Fourth, some family members, especially elders, may actively discourage screening. Thisstudycontributestoknowledgeaboutpotential barriers and facilitators to breast and cervical cancer screening for Hmong women. Findings expand our understanding of clan and male family member’s influence over Hmong women’s screening behavior.
Murine Neonates Infected with Yersinia enterocolitica Develop Rapid and Robust Proinflammatory Responses in Intestinal Lymphoid Tissues

Neonatal animals are generally very susceptible to infection with bacterial pathogens. However, we recently reported that neonatal mice are highly resistant to orogastric infection with Yersinia enterocolitica. Here, we show that proinflammatory responses greatly exceeding those in adults arise very rapidly in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of neonates. High-level induction of proinflammatory gene expression occurred in the neonatal MLN as early as 18 h postinfection. Marked innate phagocyte recruitment was subsequently detected at 24 h postinfection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISPOT) analyses indicated that enhanced inflammation in neonatal MLN is contributed to, in part, by an increased frequency of proinflammatory cytokinesecreting cells. Moreover, both CD11band CD11bcell populations appeared to play a role in proinflammatory gene expression. The level of inflammation in neonatal MLN was also dependent on key bacterial components. Y. enterocolitica lacking the virulence plasmid failed to induce innate phagocyte recruitment. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) protein expression and neutrophil recruitment were strikingly higher in neonatal MLN after infection with a yopP-deficient strain than with wild-type Y. enterocolitica, whereas only modest increases occurred in adults. This hyperinflammatory response was associated with greater colonization of the spleen and higher mortality in neonates, while there was no difference in mortality among adults. This model highlights the dynamic levels of inflammation in the intestinal lymphoid tissues and reveals the protective (wild-type strain) versus harmful (yopP-deficient strain) consequences of inflammation in neonates. Moreover, these results reveal that the neonatal intestinal lymphoid tissues have great potential to rapidly mobilize innate components in response to infection with bacterial enteropathogens.
A simple neuron feature detection

A novel approach is discussed relative to unsupervised learning in a single-layer linear neural network. An optimality principle is proposed which is based on preserving maximal information in the output units. The unsupervised learning rule is based on a Hebbian learning rule. This learning rule finds the principal components of the input correlation matrix. For patterns classification, and image coding, the authors have modified the learning rule which finds the Boolean eigenvector
Dynamics, Statistics and Predictability of Planetary Flow Regimes

We consider regimes of low-frequency variability in large-scale atmospheric dynamics. The model used for the study of these regimes is the fully-nonlinear, equivalent-barotropic vorticity equation on the sphere, with simplified forcing, dissipation and topography. It is found that certain limited regions in the system’s phase space are visited recurrently and for extended periods by model solutions. Flow patterns associated in physical space with these regions correspond to synoptically defined zonal and blocked Northern Hemisphere midlatitude flows.
The sensitivity and specificity of the digital rectal examination for detecting spinal cord injury in adult patients with blunt trauma.

Study Objectives: The digital rectal examination (DRE) may assist physicians in detecting spinal cord injury in patients with blunt trauma. However, the test characteristics of the DRE for detecting spinal cord injury are unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive adult patients with blunt trauma over a 2-year period. The DRE result was compared with the presence or absence of spinal cord injury at discharge. Results: A total of 1032 adult patients with blunt trauma had a DRE. Of these, 54 (5.2%) had diagnoses consistent with spinal cord injury. Ninety-nine patients had decreased rectal tone, 27 of whom also had spinal cord injuries. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were 50%, 93%, 27%, and 97%, respectively. Conclusion: The DRE is insensitive to spinal cord injury and has a poor positive predictive value. The high specificity must be balanced against the large number of false-positive results.
Mate choice for multiple ornaments in the California quail, Callipepla californica

Abstract Two processes that may be important in the evolution of multiple ornaments are (1) preference flexibility based on the distribution of local traits and (2) preferences for composite (versus partitioned) traits. To examine the occurrence of these processes we conducted three experiments measuring the mate preferences of California quail. We included analyses of composite traits as well as the partitioned traits (isolated patches of coloration) typically invoked in ornithological descriptions. In two experiments, in which the same pool of wild-caught females was presented pairs of males with natural versus experimentally exaggerated traits, the focus of mate choice shifted to the trait specifically exaggerated in that experiment. In a third experiment, in which females were presented males displaying natural plumage variation, females chose primarily based on a composite trait (as revealed using stepwise analysis). Composite traits were also found to be stronger predictors of female behaviour in one of the manipulation experiments. These results indicate that female California quail have active, flexible mate preferences for a variety of novel and extant traits and illustrate the importance of incorporating composite traits into the analysis of mate preferences. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Double-balanced, hybrid mixer with multi-decade bandwidth

An ultra-broadband mixer design that uses a hybrid technology is described. The design incorporates a low-barrier diode mixer, thin film interconnect, and a pHEMT LO-drive amplifier. The mixer gives better than -35 dB conversion efficiency at RF frequencies from less than 10 MHz to greater than 110 GHz for at least 10,000:1 bandwidth. Simulations show that the mixer, with some improvements, can operate from 10 MHz to 150 GHz. Multiple mixers can be integrated into a single hybrid module. An integrated dual-mixer module with pHEMT RF-buffer amplifiers is also described. This mixer module is limited by the bandwidth of the buffer amplifiers, but still gives better than -35 dB conversion efficiency from less than 10 MHz to 100 GHz.
The Environment and Internal Organization of Multinational Enterprises

Multiple sources of external authority and multiple denominations of value are two distinguishing aspects of the environment faced by multinational enterprises (MNEs). After defining the MNE as an organizational form, we examine the research implications of these two environmental influences on four aspects of MNE internal organization: modes of entry abroad, configuration of activities, coordination and control, and competitive strategy. We present general propositions to guide future research and argue that multiple sources of authority and multiple denominations of value require cross-disciplinary research efforts in order to fully understand the MNE as an organizational form.
On arithmetical algorithms over finite fields

Abstract Standard methods for calculating over G F ( p n ), the finite field of p n elements, require an irreducible polynomial of degree n with coefficients in G F ( p ). Such a polynomial is usually obtained by choosing it randomly and then verifying that it is irreducible, using a probabilistic algorithm. If it is not, the procedure is repeated. Here we given an explicit basis, with multiplication table, for the fields G F ( p p k ), for k = 0, 1, 2,…, and their union. This leads to efficient computational methods, not requiring the preliminary calculation of irreducible polynomials over finite fields and, at the same time, yields a simple recursive formula for irreducible polynomials which generate the fields. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a method for efficiently evaluating (or interpolating) a polynomial of degree n at all of the n th roots of unity, i.e., on the finite multiplicate subgroups of F , in O ( n log n ) operations in the underlying field. We give an analogue of the fast Fourier transform which efficiently evaluates a polynomial on some of the additive subgroups of F . This yields new “fast” algorithms for polynomial computation.
Impact of surrounding tissue on conductance measurement of coronary and peripheral lumen area.

Parallel conductance (electric current flow through surrounding tissue) is an important determinant of accurate measurements of arterial lumen diameter, using the conductance method. The present study is focused on the role of non-uniform geometrical/electrical configurations of surrounding tissue, which are a primary source of electric current leakage. Computational models were constructed to simulate the conductance catheter measurement with two different excitation electrodes spacings (i.e. 12 and 20 mm for coronary and peripheral sizing, respectively) for different vessel–tissue configurations: (i) blood vessel fully embedded in muscle tissue, (ii) blood vessel superficially embedded in muscle tissue, and (iii) blood vessel superficially embedded in muscle tissue with fat covering half of the arterial vessel (anterior portion). The simulations suggest that the parallel conductance and accuracy of measurement is dependent on the inhomogeneous/anisotropic configuration of surrounding tissue, including the asymmetric dimension and anisotropy in electrical conductivity of surrounding tissue. Specifically, the measurement was shown to be accurate as long as the vessel was superficial, regardless of the considerable total surrounding tissue dimension for coronary or peripheral arteries. Moreover, it was shown that the unfavourable impact of parallel conductance on the accuracy of conductance catheter measurement is decreased by the combination of a lower transverse electrical conductivity of surrounding muscle tissue, a smaller electrode spacing and a larger lumen diameter. The present findings confirm that the conductance catheter technique provides an accurate platform for sizing of clinically relevant (i.e. superficial and diseased) arteries.
Drought Effects on the Ranching Industry in Southeastern Colorado

Drought effects on the ranching industry in southeastern Colorado. DO:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v27i2_miller
Changes in Digital Computer Analyzed EEG During “Dreams” and Experimentally Induced Hallucinations

Although changes in the total psychopathology, including enhancement of thought disorders, disturbance of perceptual phenomena, anxiety, and agitation, have been correlated with alterations in the EEG pattern; there has been no significant evidence presented concerning the relationship between the “typical” electroencephalogra-phical pattern and hallucinations. In previous studies we have found that in patients with a pre-treatment EEG containing low voltage fast activity, improvement of hallucinations and paranoid delusions could be related to an increase in the “alpha index” [ll,12], Also, an increase in the psychopathology of a single subject or of a group of psychiatric patients could often be related to an increase of beta activity. However, the study of hallucinations from the EEG point of view presents two problems: (l) It is very difficult to study hallucinations during spontaneous psychosis because the appearance, increase, or decrease of hallucinations as a single symptom is extremely rare. Hallucinations are usually observed in association with various psychotic symptoms, making objective and quantitative evaluation an almost impossible task.
Groundwater under stress: the importance of management

The most significant water problem facing the United States and the world is the scarcity of water. Scarcity is expected to intensify during the twenty-first century due to global population growth, economic growth and the need to protect environmental assets. In many regions, climate change may cause scarcity to become more acute. Groundwater has the capacity to buffer extreme hydrologic events because recharge is not directly tied to precipitation and run-off events. Groundwater storage offers many opportunities to increase storage and enhance the general water supply. The value of groundwater will increase as scarcity intensifies and effective groundwater management will be required if groundwater values are to be reaped. Effective groundwater management will require attention to certain well-established economic principles. Persistent overdraft is always self terminating. Individualistically competitive modes of extraction are inefficient. It is virtually always cheaper to prevent pollution in the first place than to remediate it. Groundwater management schemes appear to be most effective when they are locally developed and managed. Such schemes can regulate extractions and/or recharge either directly or indirectly. Evidence from the United States suggests that direct regulations can be made to work if they focus on recharge and developing supplementary sources of water. Evidence from South Asia suggests that regulation of extractions and provision of recharge water is most effective when indirect measures are used in which groundwater and ancillary variables such as electricity are co-managed. This evidence suggests that as supplementary sources of supply become scarce, innovative and indirect groundwater management schemes are likely to become more common.
Abstract 667: The Role of Aortic Wall-Nuclear Factor- kappa B (NF-kB) Signaling in Formation of Dissecting Aortic Aneurysms

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a devastating disease since it can lead to aortic rupture and instantaneous death. We previously demonstrated that IL-6 secreted from the aortic wall is necessary for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD). Since IL-6 is a NF-kB/RelA dependant gene, we investigated the role of aortic wall- NF-kB/RelA signaling in the development of AAD. Methods and Results: To test the role of aortic wall-RelA, we utilized Cre-Lox technology to delete RelA from aortic cells. Tamoxifen-inducible, Col1a2-promoter driven Cre mice (Col1a2-Cre) were crossed with mT/mG Cre-reporter mice to determine which aortic cells undergo genetic recombination after Cre activation. Flow cytometry analysis of the aortic wall indicated that 88% of the genetically recombined cells were SMCs and 8% were fibroblasts. Next, RelA floxed (RelA f/f) mice, generated in our lab, were crossed with Col1a2-Cre mice. RelA f/f Cre+ and RelA f/f Cre- were stimulated with tamoxifen for 10 ...
Effect of Low Body Temperature on Toxicity of Drugs

SummaryArtificial cooling of mice resulted in increased mortality after injection of lethal doses of strychnine, nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine, and procaine; no marked difference was observed after metrazol and morphine. Prolongation of surviving time was observed with all animals which succumbed, most markedly after strongly convulsant drugs.
The Dimensions of Social Change in the U.S.A. as Determined by P-Technique

~HE present article is one of several' emanatj ing from the Laboratory of Group Behavior of the University of Illinois, and concerned with demonstrating the value of certain new techniques in analyzing sociological and anthropological data for the purposes of social psychological explanation. The chief novelty in these approaches has been a special use of factor analysis. Factor analysis, as is well known, was developed previously in psychology as the only objective method yet available for determining functional unities and independent dimensions in personality. Factor analysis is used here as a holistic method on the assumption that a social group with a single government and integrated economic and social activity, namely a national group, must be treated as an organic whole, and that the laws of social interaction will be more readily arrived at by this holistic treatment than by the intensive analysis of isolated economic or other manifestations of social life. It is thus a step toward the quantification of the relative potency of various influences or factors in complex historical or sociological happenings. The factor analytic method, as developed in psychology, begins with a population of organisms all of which are measured with respect to the same set of variables, chosen to have the maximum relevance to the life processes which are to be studied. The variables are then intercorrelated, so that if the experimenter begins with n variables, he ends with a matrix of correlations representing all the [ n(n)] possible relationships among the vari-
Research on Underground Metal Distance Measurement Transducer

This article introduces all the transducers which can be used to measure distance,and compares their abilities to measure the underground metal.We get the right transducer and look forward to the future.
Ethnic Neighborhoods, Implicit Racial Appeals, and Public Political Behaviors: How the Racial Environment Interacts with Campaign Appeals to Shape Behavior

Current demographic trends suggest that in less than 30 years the United States will have a majority non-white population. Previous work has shown that racial demography has real consequences on political attitudes and private voting behaviors. In this paper I find that the racial makeup of an individual’s neighborhood also affects public political behaviors. Using data from a congressional primary campaign, I examine the responses of white Republicans when asked to display the yard sign of a white Republican candidate in a primary race against a Latino Republican. I find that individuals in higher density Latino areas are more likely to be willing to post a sign. Using a field experiment run by the campaign, I show that the use of symbolic racism has the biggest influence on the behavior of whites living in high density Latino areas. Specifically, I show that racial demography changes the influence of implicit racial appeals and that implicit racial appeals are most influential in areas where whites are in the minority. These results show that racial diversity plays a significant role in the public political behaviors of white Americans and how the racial environment affects underlying behavioral motivations.
MO-DE-207B-02: Assessment and Localization of Aggressiveness in Prostate Cancer Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-MRI

Purpose: To automatically assess prostate cancer aggressiveness and to map areas of high risk based on quantitative features from Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI). Methods: Fifty-seven patients with DCE-MRI acquired on 3T Discovery MR750 GE were retrospectively analyzed. Prostate, peripheral zone (PZ) and gluteus maximus (DCEGM) were manually contoured. Unsupervised pattern recognition was used to decompose the DCE data in prostate as the product W.H of k weight maps W and k patterns H, k=3. A well-perfused pattern (quick wash-in) Hwp was identified along with its weight map Wwp. Voxels with weight Wwp>60% determined a well-perfused volume ROIwp. Six quantitative features F were extracted from SROI=mean(ROIwp) and normalized by SGM =mean(DCEGM). Map of aggressiveness for feature F was constructed as F-map = (F(SROI, SGM)/mean(Wwp(ROIwp)))*Wwp and validated using 30 positive biopsy targets from 15 patients with MR-US guided biopsies. The relationship between features and Gleason Score (GS) was investigated using Spearman correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: For 39 patients with PZ lesion, the volume of ROIwp and GS were significantly correlated. Three features were found statistically significant: late_AUC_ratio (ρ=0.32,p=0.049), early_AUFC_ratio (ρ=0.34,p=0.036) and wash-out_ratio (ρ=0.42,p=0.008), and three features were marginally significant: early_AUC_ratio (ρ=0.28,p=0.090), wash-in_ratio (ρ =0.28,p=0.090) and late_AUFC_ratio (ρ=0.29,p=0.074). For 30 targeted biopsies four features F were significantly correlated with GS: early_AUC_ratio (ρ= 0.57,p<0.001), wash-in_ratio (ρ=0.50,p=0.002), early_AUFC_ratio (ρ= 0.56,p=0.001), and wash-out ratio (ρ=0.34,p=0.045). AUC for indolent/aggressive for these features were 0.92 for early_AUC_ratio (p=0.018), 0.85 for wash-in_ratio (p=0.053), 0.95 for early_AUFC_ratio (p=0.012), and 0.88 for wash-out_ratio (p=0.032). F-maps were validated plotting F and F-map values for targeted biopsies: R2 correlation coefficients between F and F-map were larger than 0.85 for all features. Regression slope values were between 0.90 and 1.12. Conclusion: Quantitative features from DCE-MRI, normalized by muscle are able to assess aggressiveness and map the areas of risk in the prostate.
Mississippian polyplacophoran (Mollusca) from Utah

Reports of Mississippian polyplacophorans from North America are rare. To date only three species, Gryphochiton parvus (Stevens, 1858) and G. elevatus (Kues, 1978), from the Salem Limestone in Indiana, and Elachychiton juxtaterminus Hoare and Mapes, 1985, from the Imo Formation in Arkansas, have been recognized (Smith and Hoare, 1987). Lobarochiton anomalus (Rowley, 1908), from the Louisiana Limestone in Missouri, is now believed to be Devonian in age. European reports of Lower Carboniferous polyplacophorans are much more common, at least 29 species (Hoare and Smith, 1987). The location of any specimen in the Mississippian of North America becomes significant in filling out the geologic history of this taxonomic group.
Blood Component and Pharmacologic Therapy for Hemostatic Disorders

Abstract Increasing numbers of biological, chemical, and recombinant agents effecting hemostasis are being used and join the robust collection of extant hemostatic agents. These agents allow us to more precisely and more narrowly deploy this armamentarium toward more precise and narrow diagnoses. In this chapter, indication for consideration, pharmacology, effect, efficacy, and toxicity of these agents are reviewed to facilitate clinical decision making by both seasoned professionals and those just learning this craft.
BaroFuse, a novel pressure-driven, adjustable-throughput perfusion system for tissue maintenance and assessment.

Abstract Objectives Microfluidic perfusion systems are used for assessing cell and tissue function while assuring cellular viability. Low perfusate flow rates, desired both for conserving reagents and for extending the number of channels and duration of experiments, conventionally depend on peristaltic pumps to maintain flow yet such pumps are unwieldy and scale poorly for high-throughput applications requiring 16 or more channels. The goal of the study was to develop a scalable multichannel microfluidics system capable of maintaining and assessing kinetic responses of small amounts of tissue to drugs or changes in test conditions. Methods Here we describe the BaroFuse, a novel, multichannel microfluidics device fabricated using 3D-printing technology that uses gas pressure to drive large numbers of parallel perfusion experiments. The system is versatile with respect to endpoints due to the translucence of the walls of the perifusion chambers, enabling optical methods for interrogating the tissue status. The system was validated by the incorporation of an oxygen detection system that enabled continuous measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Results Stable and low flow rates (1–20 μL/min/channel) were finely controlled by a single pressure regulator (0.5–2 psi). Control of flow in 0.2 μL/min increments was achieved. Low flow rates allowed for changes in OCR in response to glucose to be well resolved with very small numbers of islets (1–10 islets/channel). Effects of acetaminophen on OCR by precision-cut liver slices of were dose dependent and similar to previously published values that used more tissue and peristaltic-pump driven flow. Conclusions The very low flow rates and simplicity of design and operation of the BaroFuse device allow for the efficient generation of large number of kinetic profiles in OCR and other endpoints lasting from hours to days. The use of flow enhances the ability to make measurements on primary tissue where some elements of native three-dimensional structure are preserved. We offer the BaroFuse as a powerful tool for physiological studies and for pharmaceutical assessment of drug effects as well as personalized medicine.
Nachweis von Masthilfsmitteln in Lebensmitteln

Nach Extraktion der Stoffe (Androgene, Gestagene, Progesteronderivate, Oestrogene und Isoflavone) aus Lebensmitteln mit geeigneten Losungsmitteln, werden die Losungen nach enzymatischer Hydrolyse/Solvolyse uber eine Merckogel 6000 (neue Bezeichnung: Fractogel PVA 6000)® SAule1 gereinigt. Die nachfolgende flussig-chromatographische Trennung uber Sephadex LH 20®2 [16] erlaubt eine Isolierung von Progesteronderivaten von den Androgenen mit Gestagenen und von den Oestrogenen mit Isoflavonen. Letztere konnen aus der Tierfutterung stammen. Die einzelnen Verbindungen werden dann entweder als O-Pentafluorbenzyloxime mit GC/ECD (im Falle der Progesteronderivate) bzw. Ketosteroide [25] oder als SilylAther im Falle der phenolischen Oestrogene (Steroide und Stilbene) und Ketosteroide mit der GC/FID nachgewiesen. Eine Bestimmung von Oestrogenen ist auch nach Kupplung mit „Fast Dark Blue® Salz“3 als Azofarbstoff [41] auf Dunnschichtplatten (Nanoplatten) moglich. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei Oestrogenen bei 1 ng, bei den Pentafluorderivaten (Ketosteroide) im pg-, bei den Progesteronderivaten im ng-Bereich. Fur die DC-Auswertung mu\ ein empfindliches Densitometer (Zeiss, Oberkochen, BRD oder Vernon, Vitry/Seine, Frankreich) zur Verfugung stehen. Isoflavone werden nach Auftrennung auf DC-Platten (Polyamid-Cellulose) mit Spruhreagentien sichtbar gemacht [36] und durch Messung im UV-Licht bzw. IR-Spektren identifiziert. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt hier im Mikrogrammbereich.
Reaction Time and The Study CF Intelligence

Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by Grants HD-05951 and HD-15808 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. In my role as discussant, I will try to present some general observations on the papers presented by Vernon, and Zelaznik and Aufderheide, place their approach in an overall context of the ories of intelligence and mental retardation, and indicate some of my enthusiasms and concerns about those approaches. Of course, commentators bring with them asset of biases and attitudes that influence the irevaluation. My own perspective is that of a cognitive developmental psychologist whose interests are in the diagnosis and remediation o f students, including the retarded, experience in g academic problem. of the research findings for both the oretical and practical issues. My reactions, then, are based on the implications
Roles of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER in metabolic regulation

Abstract Metabolic homeostasis is differentially regulated in males and females. The lower incidence of obesity and associated diseases in pre-menopausal females points towards the beneficial role of the predominant estrogen, 17β‐estradiol (E2). The actions of E2 are elicited by nuclear and extra-nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ, as well as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, previously termed GPR30). The roles of GPER in the regulation of metabolism are only beginning to emerge and much remains unclear. The present review highlights recent advances implicating the importance of GPER in metabolic regulation. Assessment of the specific metabolic roles of GPER employing GPER-deficient mice and highly selective GPER-targeted pharmacological agents, agonist G-1 and antagonists G-15 and G36, is also presented. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies involving either GPER deficiency or selective activation suggests that GPER is involved in body weight regulation, glucose and lipid homeostasis as well as inflammation. The therapeutic potential of activating GPER signaling through selective ligands for the treatment of obesity and diabetes is also discussed.
Ungrounded Haptic Augmented Reality System for Displaying Roughness and Friction

This paper presents the design and validation of an ungrounded haptic augmented reality system that alters the roughness and friction of a rigid 3-D object. The user touches the object via a custom haptic stylus; the stylus tip is a ball mounted in a socket that has low internal friction and produces minimal vibrations, necessary conditions for creating a haptically clean interaction. We determine contact position and force using a six-axis force/torque sensor beneath the object. The object's apparent roughness and kinetic friction are altered using haptic models that we previously created from real tool-surface interaction data. The textural roughness model generates a vibration waveform in real time, which is played through a voice coil actuator. A solenoid inside the stylus applies a braking force to the ball for friction rendering. The friction model continually controls the solenoid current, setting the effective kinetic friction coefficient between the stylus tip and object surface to values between 0.20 and 0.52. Analysis of commanded and displayed haptic signals verifies that this system accurately overlays the modeled roughness and friction on the object's geometry, providing a significantly better match than the same models rendered using a Phantom Omni.
Learning from stories of leadership: How reading about personalized and socialized politicians impacts performance on an ethical decision-making simulation

Stories about notable, 20th-century politicians were investigated as a means by which reading stories of leadership influences subsequent ethical decision-making performance. Undergraduates read four short stories in which charismatic politicians exhibited a personalized, socialized, or neutral power orientation, followed by responding to four ethical dilemmas in the marketing domain—a distant transfer task. Results indicated that reading stories featuring personalized protagonists inhibited subsequent ethical decision-making processes. However, intensity of narrative processing, personal identification with the protagonist, and presence or absence of an ethical salience probe moderated these effects. Implications are discussed regarding the use of stories as a tool for ethical development and the importance of managing stories of leadership circulated throughout organizations and society.
International Accounting Databases on WRDS: Comparative Analysis

While multiple data vendors have claimed to offer a comprehensive international coverage of accounting and financial items for firms worldwide, there is a growing demand for better understanding of the differences across international databases. This paper compares several international accounting databases on WRDS to address this traditional obstacle confronting empirical researchers. I document important issues on the data coverage at the firm and country level, the sample overlap, and the discrepancies in coverage of various data items for FactSet Fundamentals, Compustat Global, and Bureau Van Dijk’s international databases. The main conclusions are threefold: 1) Compustat Global features greater coverage of large companies in more developed countries and provides a wider range of accounting data items than any other databases; 2) BvD Osiris offers lesser variety of accounting data items, but it also contains a higher number of small firms from developing countries; 3) finally, FactSet Fundamentals Database provides a balance in the firm size and quantity of accounting items with a reasonable geographical coverage.
High‐Throughput Inertial Focusing of Micrometer‐ and Sub‐Micrometer‐Sized Particles Separation

The ability to study individual bacteria or subcellular organelles using inertial microfluidics is still nascent. This is due, in no small part, to the significant challenges associated with concentrating and separating specific sizes of micrometer and sub-micrometer bioparticles in a microfluidic format. In this study, using a rigid polymeric microfluidic network with optimized microchannel geometry dimensions, it is demonstrated that 2 µm, and even sub-micrometer, particles can be continuously and accurately focused to stable equilibrium positions. Suspensions have been processed at flow rates up to 1400 µL min−1 in an ultrashort 4 mm working channel length. A wide range of suspension concentrations—from 0.01 to 1 v/v%—have been systematically investigated, with yields greater than 97%, demonstrating the potential of this technology for large-scale implementation. Additionally, the ability of this chip to separate micrometer- and sub-micrometer-sized particles and to focus bioparticles (cyanobacteria) has been demonstrated. This study pushes the microfluidic inertial focusing particle range down to sub-micrometer length scales, enabling novel routes for investigation of individual microorganisms and subcellular organelles.
Positive Expectations: Russian Industry in February 2017

February data on Russian industry demonstrates upward dynamics of the majority of actual indexes and preparedness of businesses to come out of a recession. Demand, output, stocks of finished products, and investment plans – all these indexes seem unexpectedly positive for the outsiders.
The Data Warehousing (R) Evolution: Where's it headed next?

This paper provides an overview of the history and current state of data warehousing and corporate analytics. It begins with a quick review of the history of the data warehouse and then does a deeper dive into subsets of this space including data integration, the DBMS, business intelligence and analytics, advanced analytics, and information stewardship. It finishes with a quick review of some of the leading trends in data warehousing including Big Data and the Logical Data Warehouse, Hybrid Transaction Analytical Processing and In-Memory Computing.
Group Therapy for Depression: The Coping with Depression Course

In this paper we describe the Coping with Depression course as it has been offered at the University of Oregon Depression Research Unit since 1979. The Coping with Depression course is a multimodal, psychoeducational group treatment for unipolar depression. The major vehicle for treatment is a course, i.e., an explicit educational experience; it is called a course because it teaches people techniques and strategies for coping with the problems that are assumed to be related to their depression. Specifically, the course addresses several target behaviors (social skills, thinking, pleasant activities, and relaxation) plus more general components hypothesized to be critical in successful cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. The psychoeducational framework allows for active outreach; a wide variety of depressed persons who might not otherwise seek treatment are excellent candidates for such a course. The approach is often seen to be not as stigmatizing as traditional therapy, and the group format makes it more affordable. The Coping with Depression (CWD) course has been offered to over 300 depressed people. The efficacy of the course has been evaluated in a number of treatment-outcome studies [ 1 -3] , 1 and additional research is still in progress.2 3 It is quite clear that as a group, those who participate in this course show marked improvement, in terms of both self-reported depression level and interviewer-rated diagnosis, and that these changes are maintained for at least six months after treatment.
Laureano Calderón’s social foundry: industrial imagination and social prescription in Restoration Spain

This article introduces a new critical tool through which to analyze discursive production in fin-de-siglo Spain. Considering the cognitive transformations triggered by industrialization, it examin...
Quality of Life and Stigma in Epilepsy, Perspectives from Selected Regions of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Epilepsy is an important and common worldwide public health problem that affects people of all ages. A significant number of individuals with epilepsy will be intractable to medication. These individuals experience an elevated mortality rate and negative psychosocial consequences of recurrent seizures. Surgery of epilepsy is highly effective to stop seizures in well-selected individuals, and seizure freedom is the most desirable result of epilepsy treatment due to the positive improvements in psychosocial function and the elimination of excess mortality associated with intractable epilepsy. Globally, there is inadequate data to fully assess epilepsy-related quality of life and stigma, although the preponderance of information we have points to a significant negative impact on people with epilepsy (PWE) and families of PWE. This review of the psychosocial impact of epilepsy focuses on regions of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa that have been analyzed with population study approaches to determine the prevalence of epilepsy, treatment gaps, as well as factors impacting psychosocial function of PWE and their families. This review additionally identifies models of care for medically intractable epilepsy that have potential to significantly improve psychosocial function.
Processes influencing near-surface heat transfer in Greenland's ablation zone

Abstract. To assess the influence of various mechanisms of heat transfer on the near-surface ice of Greenland's ablation zone, we incorporate highly resolved measurements of ice temperature into thermal modeling experiments. Seven separate temperature strings were installed at three different field sites, each with between 17 and 32 sensors and extending up to 20 m below the surface. In one string, temperatures were measured every 30 minutes, and the record is continuous for more than three years. We use these measured ice temperatures to constrain modeling analyses focused on four isolated processes to assess the relative importance of each to the near-surface ice temperature: 1) the moving boundary of an ablating surface, 2) thermal insulation by snow, 3) radiative energy input, and 4) temperature gradients below the seasonally active near-surface layer. In addition to these four processes, transient heating events were observed in two of the temperature strings. Despite no observations of meltwater pathways to the subsurface, these heating events are likely the refreezing of liquid water below 5–10 m of cold ice. Together with subsurface refreezing, the five heat transfer mechanisms presented here account for measured differences of up to 3 °C between the ice temperature at the depth where annual temperature variability is dissipated and the mean annual air temperature. Thus, in Greenland's ablation zone, the mean annual air temperature cannot be used to predict the near-surface ice temperature, as is commonly assumed.