cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional implications of morphological specializations among the pectoral fin rays of the benthic longhorn sculpin

SUMMARY Fin ray structure in ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) largely defines fin function. Fin rays convert the muscle activity at the base of the fin to shape changes throughout the external fin web. Despite their critical functional significance, very little is known about the relationship between form and function in this key vertebrate structure. In this study we demonstrate that morphological specializations of the pectoral fin rays of the benthic longhorn sculpin ( Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus ) have specific functional consequences both within and among individual rays. The fin rays of longhorn sculpin have an elongate unjointed region with a cylindrical shape in cross-section proximally, and are jointed with a crescent-shaped cross-section distally. Variation in the relative length of the proximal versus distal regions affects the location of maximum curvature as well as the mean curvature along the length of individual rays. We experimentally manipulated fin rays to mimic the differential muscle activity that generates curvature of fin rays in living animals. We found that the shape of the fin rays in cross-section affects their curvature. Among fin rays, the most ventral fin rays with relatively longer proximal unjointed regions have a more distal location of maximum curvature. These ventral rays also have higher mean curvature, likely because of a combination of features including the cross-sectional shape, area and diameter of the distal segments as well as their relative size and number, which were not examined in detail here. Because these rays are used routinely for substrate contact, this higher curvature could contribute to increased flexibility for substrate contact behaviors such as clinging or gripping the substrate. These morphological and functional differences among fin rays are correlated with the functional regionalization of the fin. Specifically, the ventral fin rays that are used during substrate contact are more stiff proximally and more highly curved distally than the pectoral rays in the dorsal region, which are longer and used during slow swimming. This study highlights the importance of examining morphological and functional variation both within and among complex structures such as fin rays.
Pulmonary rehabilitation that includes arm exercise reduces metabolic and ventilatory requirements for simple arm elevation.

Simple arm elevation results in increased metabolic and ventilatory requirements in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO). These demands contribute to the dyspnea that is frequently reported when these patients perform activities of daily living involving the arms. We hypothesized that a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program that includes upper extremity training would lower the ventilatory requirement for arm elevation. Metabolic and ventilatory responses to 2 min of simple arm elevation were studied in 14 patients with CAO before and after PR. Respiratory muscle strength was determined in 11 patients by measurement of maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax). Oxygen uptake ( V ˙ o2 ), carbon dioxide production ( V ˙ co2 ), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory rate were measured at rest with the arms down and during 2 min of arm elevation. Before PR, arm elevation led to significant increases in V ˙ o2 , V ˙ co2 , HR, and ve. After PR, pulmonary function, Pdimax, and resting metabolic and ventilatory parameters with the arms down were unchanged; however, during arm elevation, V ˙ o2 and V ˙ co2 were significantly less than they were before PR. We conclude that a comprehensive PR program that includes upper extremity exercises leads to a reduction in the ventilatory requirement for simple arm elevation. This type of program may allow patients with CAO to perform sustained upper extremity activities with less dyspnea.
Campaign Contributions Facilitate Access to Congressional Officials: A Randomized Field Experiment

Concern that donations to political campaigns secure preferential treatment from policy makers has long occupied judges, scholars, and the public. However, the effects of contributions on policy makers’ behavior are notoriously difficult to assess. We present the first randomized field experiment on the topic. The experiment focuses on whether contributions facilitate access to influential policy makers. In the experiment, a political organization attempted to schedule meetings between 191 congressional offices and the organization's members in their districts who were campaign donors. However, the organization randomly assigned whether it revealed to congressional offices that prospective attendees had contributed to campaigns. When informed prospective attendees were political donors, senior policy makers made themselves available between three and four times more often. These findings underscore concerns about the Supreme Court's recent decisions deregulating campaign finance.
Challenges of cellulitis in a lymphedematous extremity: a case report

Introduction: Lymphedema is a relatively common phenomenon. It is important that clinicians appreciate the relative risks imposed by this condition. While for some it may only represent a flaw in appearance, this condition can potentially have fatal consequences. Our case reports on the challenges of cellulitis in a lymphedematous extremity that progressed to septic shock. Case presentation: A 37-year-old Hispanic male was transferred to the Burn Unit from an outside hospital for wound care of an extremely severe case of cellulitis. He suffered massive lymphedema of his lower extremity, with innumerable nodules and chronic skin changes. After 3 days of cellulitis, he was in critical condition and required intubation and vasopressors. With intense wound care and systemic antibiotics, he gradually recovered and was discharged in 16 days with his cellulitis resolved and ambulating independently. Conclusion: Our case highlights the special care and attention that chronic lymphedema deserves. These patients can exhibit marked disfigurement and physical disability affecting them on both social and physical levels. They also are at great medical risk, as cellulitis almost cost our patient his life. Evidence indicates that lymphedema, no matter the etiology, is susceptible to cellulitis with both great propensity and virulence. Physicians should be aware of the great risk of lymphedema, strive to prevent deterioration and complications, and be prepared to educate and closely monitor these patients.
Improving Student Interest in Engineering Curricula--Exciting Students about Their Classes.

In this paper, we explore what events, activities, and teaching styles invoke student interest in engineering courses. The research is based on inputs from some of the best and award winning faculty members across disciplines. The activities that professors use to keep students engaged are highlighted. Similarly, the actions that professors take to turn students away are discussed.
Do Impact Estimates Depend on the Source of the Data Used to Measure Them? Evidence from Social Experiments

Both data obtained from surveys and data maintained by government units for administrating programs have been used to track the outcomes of social programs (e.g., earnings, educational achievement, and government benefit receipt) and, hence, to estimate their impacts. Sometimes both have been used. As discussed in this paper, there is evidence from randomized field tests that have used data from both sources to estimate the same impacts that the data used to measure program effects can seriously affect the findings and may lead to differing policy recommendations. The paper examines the reasons impact estimates from survey and administrative data often differ.
HIV prevention and research considerations for women in Sub-Saharan Africa : moving toward biobehavioral prevention strategies : perspectives paper

This paper addresses current and emerging HIV prevention strategies for women in Sub-Saharan Africa, in light of recent trial results and ongoing research. What are the major opportunities and challenges for widespread implementation of new and emerging HIV prevention strategies? The paper discusses the major individual, social and structural factors that underpin women's disproportionate risk for HIV infection, with attention to gender, adolescents as a vulnerable population, and the need to engage men. Also, the influence of these factors on the ultimate success of both behavioral and biomedical HIV prevention technologies for women in sub-Saharan Africa is discussed. Finally, the paper examined how the new and emerging biobehavioral prevention strategies served as tools to empower women to adopt healthy HIV preventive and reproductive health behaviors. Cet article traite des strategies actuelles et emergentes de la prevention du VIH en faveur des femmes en Afrique sub-saharienne, a la lumiere des resultats des essais et des recherches recentes en cours. Quels sont les principaux defis et opportunites pour la mise en oeuvre generalisee des strategies nouvelles et emergentes de la prevention du VIH? L'article examine les facteurs individuels, sociaux et structurels majeurs qui sous-tendent un risque disproportionne des femmes pour l'infection du VIH, tout en consacrant l'attention aux sexes, aux adolescents comme une population vulnerable, et la necessite de faire participer les hommes. En outre, l'influence de ces facteurs sur le succes ultime de ces deux technologies de la prevention comportementales et biomedicales du VIH pour les femmes en Afrique sub-saharienne est discutee. Enfin, le document examine la facon dont les strategies nouvelles et emergentes de la prevention ont servi d'outils a l'autonomisation des femmes a adopter de bons comportements de la prevention et de sante de la reproduction contre le VIH.
Refocusing mobile makerspace outreach efforts internally as professional development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to uninitiate new and non-traditional library resources, such as those commonly found in a makerspace, can often seem abstract, intimidating, or even unrelated to the library mission. The University of Nevada’s DeLaMare Science and Engineering Library set out to engage its on-campus library colleagues to increase awareness and understanding of the new technologies being offered in support of active learning and discovery. Design/methodology/approach – The science and engineering library is experimenting with an ongoing series of inreach/outreach workshops that enable other library faculty and staff from across the greater library organization to experience their non-traditional services and resources. A first pop-up maker technology workshop took place in June 2015 and was composed of three sessions including an introduction to 3D printing and modeling, digital design literacies, and lendable technologies. A survey was distributed to attendees for feedback. Findings ...
PDIP46 (DNA polymerase δ interacting protein 46) is an activating factor for human DNA polymerase δ

// Xiaoxiao Wang 1,* , Sufang Zhang 1,* , Rong Zheng 1 , Fu Yue 1 , Szu Hua Sharon Lin 1 , Amal A. Rahmeh 1 , Ernest Y.C. Lee 1 , Zhongtao Zhang 1 and Marietta Y.W.T. Lee 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Marietta Y.W.T. Lee, email: // Keywords : DNA polymerase δ, DNA replication, PDIP46, POLDIP3, SKAR Received : November 23, 2015 Accepted : January 25, 2016 Published : January 27, 2016 Abstract PDIP46 (SKAR, POLDIP3) was discovered through its interaction with the p50 subunit of human DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ). Its functions in DNA replication are unknown. PDIP46 associates with Pol δ in cell extracts both by immunochemical and protein separation methods, as well as by ChIP analyses. PDIP46 also interacts with PCNA via multiple copies of a novel PCNA binding motif, the APIMs (AlkB homologue-2 PCNA-Interacting Motif). Sites for both p50 and PCNA binding were mapped to the N-terminal region containing the APIMs. Functional assays for the effects of PDIP46 on Pol δ activity on singly primed ssM13 DNA templates revealed that it is a novel and potent activator of Pol δ. The effects of PDIP46 on Pol δ in primer extension, strand displacement and synthesis through simple hairpin structures reveal a mechanism where PDIP46 facilitates Pol δ4 synthesis through regions of secondary structure on complex templates. In addition, evidence was obtained that PDIP46 is also capable of exerting its effects by a direct interaction with Pol δ, independent of PCNA. Mutation of the Pol δ and PCNA binding region resulted in a loss of PDIP46 functions. These studies support the view that PDIP46 is a novel accessory protein for Pol δ that is involved in cellular DNA replication. This raises the possibility that altered expression of PDIP46 or its mutation may affect Pol δ functions in vivo, and thereby be a nexus for altered genomic stability.
Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a well-recognized precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and is defined as ≥1 cm segment of salmon-colored mucosa extending above the gastroesophageal junction into the tubular esophagus with biopsy confirmation of metaplastic replacement of the normal squamous epithelium by intestinal-type columnar epithelium. The incidence of both BE and EAC has been increasing over the past few decades. As a result, preventing the development of BE by identifying and understanding its modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors may help reduce the incidence of EAC. Over the recent past, a tremendous amount of progress has been made towards improving our knowledge of risk factors and pathogenesis of BE. This article reviews the evidence for the various risk factors for developing BE.
Neuro-ophthalmic disease and optical coherence tomography: glaucoma look-alikes.

Purpose of reviewThe use of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in neuro-ophthalmic disease has grown since its first use in glaucoma and retinal diseases. OCT-measured RNFL in nonglaucomatous optic neuropathies shows thinning, which may mimic those
Colon visualization on a bone scan from metastatic ovarian carcinoma: SPECT correlation.

Abdominal CT on a 73-year-old woman showed ascites and diffuse irregular thickening of the transverse colon. Exploratory laparotomy showed widespread carcinoma-tosis and encasement of the transverse colon. Biopsy results yielded serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary with areas of calcification consistent with psam-moma bodies. Two months later an HDP whole-body bone scan showed no evidence for bony metastatic disease, but there was extraskeletal activity in the distribution of bowel. Intraluminal transit was excluded with a 24-hour delayed scan. SPECT imaging was performed for axial correlation with the CT scan and helped to further confirm the activity to be localized to the transverse colon.
SPSTS: A sequential procedure for estimating the steady-state mean using standardized time series

ABSTRACTThis article presents SPSTS, an automated sequential procedure for computing point and Confidence-Interval (CI) estimators for the steady-state mean of a simulation-generated process subject to user-specified requirements for the CI coverage probability and relative half-length. SPSTS is the first sequential method based on Standardized Time Series (STS) area estimators of the steady-state variance parameter (i.e., the sum of covariances at all lags). Whereas its leading competitors rely on the method of batch means to remove bias due to the initial transient, estimate the variance parameter, and compute the CI, SPSTS relies on the signed areas corresponding to two orthonormal STS area variance estimators for these tasks. In successive stages of SPSTS, standard tests for normality and independence are applied to the signed areas to determine (i) the length of the warm-up period, and (ii) a batch size sufficient to ensure adequate convergence of the associated STS area variance estimators to their ...
Managing Transaction Dependence: An Empirical Examination of the Moderating Role of Relationship Closeness on the Use of Vertical Control

This study addresses a limitation of the Transaction Cost Analysis framework, namely its narrow focus on the dependence that arises from specific asset investments as a rationale for the installation of governance mechanisms in exchange relationships. We identizy several additional components that contribute to the replaceability and rewards dimensions of dependence and consider how they arise from the underlying procurement need and decisions made by buyers and suppliers when arranging a new transaction. A conceptual model that proposes that the effect of these components of dependency on the use of vertical control is contingent on the nature of the pre-existing relationship between the buyer and supplier.
Influence of chromium picolinate on glucose usage and metabolic criteria in growing Holstein calves.

Holstein calves, 10 steers (98 +/- 16 kg; Exp. 1) and 14 heifers (122 +/- 7 kg; Exp. 2), were fed either corn-cottonseed hull basal diets (CON; 15.1 and 13.2% CP, respectively) or CON plus 370 micrograms/kg of Cr as Cr-tripicolinate (CrP). After either 58 (Exp. 1) or 56 (Exp. 2) days of ADG and DMI measurement, calves were individually fed 1.4% of their BW every 12 h through the end of each experiment. Nitrogen balance, i.v. glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), i.v. insulin challenge tests (IVICT), baseline growth hormone (GH) measurements, and GH-releasing hormone challenges were then performed on calves in split groups on d 70 through 87 in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, all challenges began on d 78 and N balance was not determined. Inclusion of CrP did not affect (P > .10) ADG, DMI, or ADG/DMI of pooled data from Exp. 1 and 2 or N balance criteria in Exp. 1. Plasma glucose, insulin, and NEFA concentrations were not affected (P > .10) by CrP. Total plasma cholesterol was lower (P < .05) for CrP- than for CON-fed calves at wk 4 in Exp. 1 and wk 6 in Exp. 2. During IVGTT, calves fed CrP vs CON had higher (P < .05) clearance rates for glucose in Exp. 1 (2.68 vs 1.88%/min) and in Exp. 2 (2.64 vs 2.08%/min). During IVICT, calves fed CrP vs CON had higher clearance rates for glucose in Exp. 1 (2.98 vs 2.34%/min; P = .12) and in Exp. 2 (2.89 vs 2.00%/min; P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Single-Virus Observation of pH-Triggered Zika Fusion in the Absence of a Cellular Receptor

Zika virus is a membrane-enveloped flavivirus which has garnered international attention as an emerging pathogen with causal links to birth defects and neurological sequelae following infection. Because Zika virus has only recently been the subject of intense scientific study, little is known about the entry of Zika virus into host cells. From limited studies and by drawing parallels to closely-related flaviviruses, Zika virus is presumed to first bind to a (as yet unknown) receptor on the cell surface, and then become internalized by endocytosis.
Fever of unknown origin. A strategic approach to this diagnostic dilemma.

PREVIEWFever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a challenging clinical problem despite recent advances in diagnostic tools and techniques. Because primary care physicians are often the first ones to encounter a case of FUO, it is important that they be familiar with the best strategy and steps for confronting this problem intially. Here, Drs Amin and Kauffman review the major causes of FUO in adults and describe an in-depth approach to laboratory and radiologic tests that help establish a diagnosis.
Sun radio interferometer space experiment (SunRISE): Tracking particle acceleration and transport in the inner heliosphere

The authors present a space-based array designed to localize and track the radio emission associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun. Radio emission from CMEs is a direct tracer of the particle acceleration in the inner heliosphere and potential magnetic connections from the lower solar corona to the larger heliosphere. These questions are among those highlighted in the current Solar Decadal Servey, e.g., “Discover and characterize fundamental processes that occur both within the heliosphere and throughout the Universe.” Furthermore, CME radio emission is quite strong, such that only a relatively small number of antennas is required, and a small mission would make a fundamental advancement in our scientific understanding. Indeed, the current state-of-the-art for tracking CME radio emission is defined by single antennas (Wind/WAVES, Stereo/SWAVES) in which the tracking is accomplished by assuming a frequency-to-density mapping. This type of heliophysics mission has been studied several times in the past, but had so far been found to be cost prohibitive, due to the inherent complexity of building multiple spacecraft and flying them in constellation. However, with the increased popularity and success of CubeSat concepts, accompanied by the miniaturization of subsystem components, a range of missions are now being enabled at lower cost than ever before. The paper presents the science requirements for a Small Explorer (SMEX)-class (typically < ∼$100M, including all lifecycle costs) mission concept, and walks through the major features of the SunRISE mission study. SunRISE is composed of six 6U (where 1U is defined as a 10 by 10 by 10cm form-factor) CubeSats placed in an orbit slightly above the Geostationary Equatorial Orbit (GEO) to achieve the aforementioned science goals. The spacecraft fly in a passive formation, which allows them to form an interferometer while minimizing the impact on operations complexity. The paper provides an overview of the mission and spacecraft design, as well as the concept of operations for the mission. Finally, it discusses how the SunRISE mission concept could serve as a stepping stone in demonstrating space-based interferometry and enable more complex mission concepts in the future.
Colonized bodies, worlds transformed: toward a global bioarchaeology of contact and colonialism

The biocultural impacts of contact, conquest and colonization are the focus of these 14 essays that showcase bioarchaeological case studies from around the globe. The editors introduce this volume ...
Theme park as interface to the wizarding (story) world of Harry Potter

Theme parks such as Universal Orlando's Wizarding World of Harry Potter (WWoHP) offer material interfaces that engage multiple senses (touch, taste, and smell, as well as the sight and sound of more conventional narrative forms) to facilitate immersion in imaginary story worlds. They thus offer new aspects of both fan tourism and material fan practices to explore. Both fan studies and current scholarship on theme parks emphasize active participatory conceptions, countering oversimplifications and misrepresentations of both audiences and theme park visitors as passive spectators or consumers. Corporate-created and -controlled theme parks frame and market fan activities to encourage consumption. Yet fans often use merchandise as additional interfaces to participate actively and to facilitate immersion. For example, in WWoHP, interactive wands use technology to create specific physical "spell" effects in specific locations. Both wands and spells act as a synecdoche for the story world's magic, enabling immersion.
Automobile Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards

In March 2017, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt reopened an evaluation of the automotive fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards that the EPA had finalized in January. This case provides a history of the rules, along with assessments of their costs and benefits. It addresses numerous debates, including the environmental benefits of the rules, the role of electric vehicles, whether the standards should be less strict for larger cars, and tradeoffs between fuel economy and safety.
Graph-based identification of boundary points for unmixing and anomaly detection

In this paper, we propose a new approach based on graphs which can be used for detecting both endmembers and anomalies present in hyperspectral images. After a preliminary oversegmentation of the image using superpixels, the superpixel segment averages are considered as the nodes of graph. A measure of spectral similarity (Euclidean distance) is used as edge weights. Superpixel segmentation is employed to reduce the effects of noise and artifacts existent in CRISM images and also to reduce the number of the points to be analyzed. Graph theoretic quantities are used to identify the points which lie on the boundary of the data cloud. Endmembers and anomalies belong to the set of the boundary points. Endmembers are the points on the convex hull and anomalies which are outliers in the data cloud can be found by ranking out of the boundary points set. This method can be applied to the images without imposing any assumptions on the type of mixing or the shape of the data cloud. We validate our approach by applying the method to some hyperspectral images and compare the endmembers and anomalies extracted by our approach and the ones identified by scientists.
Culturally Adapted Cognitive Interventions for Depression: Treatment Tools from Vida Alegre

Cognitive interventions remain widely used in the general population, and they are among the most prescribed treatments for depression for Hispanics/Latinos. This chapter describes best practices underlying adapted cognitive interventions used with Hispanics/Latinos struggling with depression. We begin with a discussion of the population, the prevalence of depression, and a discussion of some cultural manifestations associated with depression. Next, we provide an overview of cognitive interventions for changing depressive thoughts and special modifications for providers in communities with new Hispanic/Latino immigrants. Finally, we present a treatment plan designed for Hispanics/Latinos to help change problematic thinking associated with depression. In the appendix, we include tools in Spanish adapted from a cognitive behavioral intervention, “Vida Alegre” (VA; “A Happy Life”; Piedra LM, Cintron V, Guardini L, Marquez J, Sink L (2011) Vida Alegre: Como Lograr el Control sobre sus Emociones (Manual de tratamiento—Version en espanol [no publicado]) [Vida Alegre: How to Gain Control over Your Emotions. Unpublished treatment manual-Spanish version]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana), which was tested and found effective in alleviating depressive symptoms among Spanish-speaking mothers (Piedra LM, Byoun S-J (2012) Vida alegre: preliminary findings of a depression intervention for immigrant Latino mothers. Res Soc Work Pract 22(2):138–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731511424168; Piedra LM, Byoun S-J, Guardini L, Cintron V (2012) Improving the parental self-agency of depressed Latino immigrant mothers: Piloted intervention results. Child Youth Serv Rev 34(1):126–135. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.09.007).
Review of the genus Menestheus Stål, 1868 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).

The Aeptini (Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) genus Menestheus Stal, 1868, is redescribed. The original misidentification of the type species for Menestheus is corrected by action of first reviser herein by establishing Paramenestheus nercivus non Dallas, 1851 sensu Stal (1868) = Menestheus cuneatus Distant, 1899 as the type species. Menestheus mcphersoni sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Characters separating the two species are discussed.
Femoral and Brachial Artery Access

The selection of vascular access site is the first critical decision to be made when planning any endovascular procedure. The choice of access site is influenced by patient and procedural considerations, with the operator seeking to balance the benefits and risks unique to each access site. This chapter reviews transfemoral and transbrachial vascular access, two principle access sites used widely for endovascular therapies. Optimizing technique of access for any site has been shown to reduce the frequency of access site complications, which remain among the most common and serious adverse events following endovascular interventions. Use of consistent and meticulous access techniques as well as routine angiography of the femoral access site is recommended. Common vascular access site complications are reviewed, including access site bleeding, compromise of vessel wall integrity, and compromise of perfusion due to dissection or embolization. Unique anatomical considerations of brachial artery access that increase the potential for complications are reviewed, and recommendations for minimizing risks for this access site are provided.
An Indoor Airflow Simulation and Airborne Dust Concentration Analysis

Indoor air condition is paid attention by people because of its direct relation to human health. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is broadly used in architectural ventilating system design. Here, the commercial simulation software Ansys is used to predict the indoor airborne dust contribution. Based on a model of college students' dormitory, the CFD simulated air velocity distribution and air flow duct to predict the airborne dust distribution. Meanwhile, this study examined the dust concentration in the same room via the dust sensor. Integrating results from both the simulation and the dust sensor, we concluded the distribution of dust particles in the room.This study integrates the sensor network with simulation, allowing for computing the airborne dust distribution with a border range. In the future the system could predict a variety of airborne particles contributing to the air pollution by applying different sensors.
Atomlayer: a universal reRAM-based CNN accelerator with atomic layer computation

Although ReRAM-based convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators have been widely studied, state-of-the-art solutions suffer from either incapability of training (e.g., ISSAC [1]) or inefficiency of inference (e.g., PipeLayer [2]) due to the pipeline design. In this work, we propose AtomLayer---a universal ReRAM-based accelerator to support both efficient CNN training and inference. AtomLayer uses the atomic layer computation which processes only one network layer each time to eliminate the pipeline related issues such as long latency, pipeline bubbles and large on-chip buffer overhead. For further optimization, we use a unique filter mapping and a data reuse system to minimize the cost of layer switching and DRAM access. Our experimental results show that AtomLayer can achieve higher power efficiency than ISSAC in inference (1.1×) and PipeLayer in training (1.6×), respectively, meanwhile reducing the footprint by 15×.
Role of Par-4 in Prostate Cancer

Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor protein that induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. This specificity toward cancer cells is attributed to the effector domain of Par-4 known as “Selective for apoptosis in cancer cells” (SAC) domain. Par-4 sensitizes cells to the action of diverse apoptotic stimuli that ultimately causes tumor regression. Recent studies have shown that the Par-4 protein is spontaneously secreted by normal and cancer cells, and extracellular Par-4 induces apoptosis by interacting with the cell-surface receptor Glucose-­regulated protein 78 (GRP78). GRP78 is a resident protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that selectively translocates to the surface of cancer cells. This article emphasizes the role of Par-4, as well as the SAC in apoptosis and tumor resistance in mice. SAC transgenic mice, which are resistant to spontaneous as well as autochthonous tumors are described, along with mechanistic insights gained from the interaction of Par-4/SAC and GRP78. The cancer-selective traits of Par-4/SAC make it an ideal choice for cancer therapeutics.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

The term “multiple endocrine neoplasia” was first used by Steiner in the late 1960s when he described three distinct endocrine disorders. The first disorder, multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN 1) (also known as Wermer syndrome), described patients with familial pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic islet cell tumors. The second syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN 2) (also known as Sipple syndrome), was associated with familial pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and hyperparathyroidism. The third syndrome, called multiple endocrine neoplasia type III (MEN 3), included patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas and nonfamilial parathyroid tumors.
Surgical Treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

This chapter reviews the current surgical treatments available for patients with NSCLC including trends in our surgical paradigm and stage-dependant therapy. For patients presenting with limited disease, surgical resection remains the most effective method of controlling the primary tumor and provides the best opportunity for long-term survival. The past decades have brought significant progress relating to the preoperative evaluation of patients being considered for surgery, and technological advances have improved surgical options available for the treatment of NSCLC. However, the development of distant metastatic disease despite the assumption of a complete surgical resection leaves a great deal of progress to be made in the evaluation and treatment of NSCLC. Although the survival benefits of surgery have never been studied prospectively, the expected survival following surgical resection is substantially better than the observed survival among patients who decline any type of treatment modality. Ongoing studies in the future will compare the relative efficacy of surgical resection with other emerging treatment modalities.
Horses Referred to a Teaching Hospital Exclusively for Acupuncture and Herbs: A Three-Year Retrospective Analysis

Abstract Equine acupuncture and herbal medicine are increasingly popular and have been anecdotally used in the treatment of a number of conditions. There is, however, a lack of data on the most commonly treated conditions in horses. The medical records of 164 horses presented exclusively for acupuncture and herbal therapy over a three-year period from October 2012 to October 2015 were evaluated from a mixed animal integrative medicine service at a veterinary academic teaching hospital. Horses were presented primarily for musculoskeletal conditions (62.0%), gastrointestinal disorders (9.5%), and anhydrosis (6.1%). Nearly half of all treated horses were geldings, and the mean age of treatment was 10.7 ± 6.5 years. The most common breeds were Warmbloods (28.2%), Quarter horses (20.2%), Thoroughbreds (17.8%), and Arabians (8.0%). Treatments included acupuncture (90.2%), herbal supplements (79.8%), electroacupuncture (69.9%), B12 injections (pharmacoacupuncture, 29.4%), or administration of autologous blood at acupuncture points (hemoacupuncture, 8.0%). Thirty-eight (38) different herbal formulas were recommended during the study period. Horses that were not provided herbal recommendations were more likely to present with gastrointestinal complaints (odds ratio = 11.2). Sex, breed, and presenting complaint had no or minimal impact on the types of treatments performed during the visit. However, data regarding patient characteristics and presenting complaints provide novel information which can be used to design prospective clinical trials.
The first reported case of vincristine-induced unilateral vocal cord palsy in an adult patient with HIV-associated Burkitt-like lymphoma being treated with dose-escalated R-EPOCH

Vincristine‐induced vocal cord palsy (VCP) is a rare but grave complication. We report a case of a young male who was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency (HIV)‐associated stage III Burkitt‐like lymphoma, who developed acute voice hoarseness and grade 3 peripheral neuropathy following the second dose of chemotherapy with dose‐escalated rituximab, etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed a sluggish right vocal cord confirming unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Vincristine was discontinued from subsequent cycles of chemotherapy resulting in complete resolution of the vocal cord palsy and resolution in the peripheral neuropathy over eight weeks. He had complete response (CR) following completion of chemotherapy. This case highlights that instantaneous recognition of vincristine‐induced vocal cord palsy is paramount and requires an urgent otolaryngology evaluation. Furthermore, it can be reversed and achievement of a CR is still possible with withdrawal of vincristine from the chemotherapeutic regimen early in the course of treatment. Vincristine, a vinca alkaloid, is derived from the periwinkle plant (Vinca Rosacea) and has been used to treat numerous childhood and adult malignancies for several decades.1 Vincristine has a well‐established role in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid malignancies. Neurotoxicity is a well‐recognized adverse effect of vincristine, and vincristine results in a mixed sensorimotor neuropathy or autonomic neuropathy (bladder atony, orthostatic hypotension, paralytic ileus).1 It is a dose‐dependent effect that typically occurs early in the course of treatment1 and while the pathogenesis of vincristine‐induced neuropathy remains unclear it may be related to an effect on microtubules resulting in malorientation of microtubules and neurofilaments.1 Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy resulting in vocal cord palsy (VCP) caused by vincristine has also been reported in literature, predominantly in the pediatric population.1, 2, 3, 4 Instant recognition and management of vincristine‐induced VCP is crucial because it is a potential fatal complication albeit one that can be completely reversed. We present the first reported case of an adult male with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma who developed acute vincristine‐induced vocal cord paralysis (VCP) and peripheral neuropathy during the early course of treatment with a vincristine‐containing chemotherapeutic regimen.
Controlling the position-dependent contrast of 3D printed physical phantoms with a single material

Custom 3D printed physical phantoms are desired for testing the limits of medical imaging, and for providing patientspecific information. This work focuses on the development of low-cost, open source fused filament fabrication for printing of physical phantoms with the structure and contrast of human anatomy in computed tomography (CT) images. Specifically, this paper introduces the concept of using a porous 3D printed layer as a background into which additional material can be printed to control the position-dependent contrast. By using this method, eight levels of contrast were printed with a single material.
Subverting Congress' Intent: The Recent Misapplication of Section 10 of the Endangered Species Act and Its Consequent Impacts on Sensitive Wildlife and Habitat

Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act, or the ESA, strictly prohibits any person or other entity from “taking” any endangered or threatened species, whether purposefully or incidentally. In section 10 of the ESA, Congress created two distinct permit mechanisms to allow the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or FWS, to authorize take in certain limited circumstances — namely recovery permits for purely scientific research and incidental take permits, or ITPs, for nonscientific endeavors where such taking is incidental to, and not the purpose of, an otherwise lawful activity. Because scientific research benefitting the species at issue is not a primary objective of the second type of permit, Congress created a carefully calibrated permitting regime for ITPs. These permits provide certain safeguards that ensure extensive public comment opportunities and environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act — safeguards that, naturally, are less extensive for scientific permits. In recent years, however, the FWS has, in various instances, conflated the distinct purposes of these two statutory permitting schemes. The agency has issued recovery permits to entities seeking authorization for incidental takes rather than scientific research, which has resulted in the issuance of permits to developers with far less public scrutiny and review than Congress intended. This Article analyzes the applicable legislative history and statutory text, assesses recent examples of the conflation of these two distinct permitting schemes, and examines the public policy rationales against the agency’s continued short-circuiting of congressional safeguards through the issuance of recovery permits for incidental takes that are not tantamount to pure scientific research.
Studying social media language changes associated with pregnancy status, trimester, and parity from medical records:

We sought to evaluate whether there was variability in language used on social media across different time points of pregnancy (before, during, and after pregnancy, as well as by trimester and pari...
“Professional Sports Are a Well-Paying Temporary Job”: Messages from Coaches

In this chapter, I begin by examining football and men’s basketball coaches at power-five schools. The second part of the chapter has interviews with eleven coaches, to get their perspectives on the importance of a college education for their student-athletes, and the patterns they see from their student-athletes. It asks coaches what challenges their student-athletes face in the classroom, and also looks to understand how these coaches define success for their players while in college and afterwards. It also asks them how they have seen their job or role change since campuses closed in March and April 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. I suggest different ways of rewarding coaches and student-athletes for academic achievement in this chapter.
'Without Undue Disrespect': An Open Letter to Justice Anthony Kennedy About His Opinion for the Court in Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, 138 S.Ct. 1719 (2018)

On June 4, 2018, Justice Anthony Kennedy announced the judgment of the Supreme Court in Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, 138 S.Ct. 1719 (2018), one of the last opinions he wrote during the three decades he served on the Court. In that historic opinion, Justice Kennedy coined a novel and illogical phrase that had never before appeared in any opinion ever written by any Supreme Court justice in American history, when he commanded lower courts to ensure that government officials evaluating claims of religious liberty treat all religious beliefs and citizens "without undue disrespect." It is clear from the context of the opinion that Justice Kennedy mistakenly believed that this phrase was roughly equivalent to the familiar expression, "with all due respect." But they are not. In this open letter to Justice Kennedy and his colleagues, the author respectfully points out the Court's pernicious stylistic error, and explains why the phrase coined by the court is a mischievous aberration and a logical absurdity, and graciously invites the Court to correct this mistake before the opinion is finally reported in the United States Reports.
Nonparametric model for a tensor field based on high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI)

We develop a nonparametric technique for the estimation of curve trajectories using HARDI data. For various regions of the brain, we consider the imaging signal process and apply multivariate kernel smoothing techniques to a general function f describing the signal process obtained from the MRI image. At each location in the brain we search for the direction of maximum diffusion on the unit sphere, and then trace the integral curve driven by the vector field to obtain the estimates of curve trajectories. We establish the convergence of the properly normalized curve estimators to a Gaussian process. This method is computationally efficient as with each step of the curve tracing we construct a pointwise confidence ellipsoid region as opposed to exhaustive iterative sampling methods. These curve trajectories are models of axonal fibers whose location and geometry are important in neuroscience.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Secondary to Salmonella spp. in a Patient With Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common and serious complication of cirrhosis, with gram-negative bacteria being the culprit in most cases. SBP secondary to Salmonella spp. is rare. Here, we report a case of Salmonellaenterica SBP in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis, diagnosed via paracentesis coupled with ascitic fluid analysis and culture. A high index of suspicion must be maintained for atypical causes of SBP, with prompt initiation of treatment.
PubTables-1M: Towards comprehensive table extraction from unstructured documents.

Recently, significant progress has been made applying machine learning to the problem of table structure inference and extraction from unstructured documents. However, one of the greatest challenges remains the creation of datasets with complete, unambiguous ground truth at scale. To address this, we develop a new, more comprehensive dataset for table extraction, called PubTables-1M. PubTables-1M contains nearly one million tables from scientific articles, supports multiple input modalities, and contains detailed header and location information for table structures, making it useful for a wide variety of modeling approaches. It also addresses a significant source of ground truth inconsistency observed in prior datasets called oversegmentation, using a novel canonicalization procedure. We demonstrate that these improvements lead to a significant increase in training performance and a more reliable estimate of model performance at evaluation for table structure recognition. Further, we show that transformer-based object detection models trained on PubTables-1M produce excellent results for all three tasks of detection, structure recognition, and functional analysis without the need for any special customization for these tasks. Data and code will be released at https://github.com/microsoft/table-transformer.
Measurement and Geometry

In this chapter you will deal with content-practice, teaching, and learning issues relevant to the domains of geometry and measurement from Grade 5 to Grade 8 of the CCSSM. Table 10.1 lists the appropriate pages for your convenience. The development of fifth-grade students’ mathematical understanding of measurement follows the same multiplicative structure that they already learned in the elementary grades (i.e., identify a (standard) unit and perform repeated iterations of the same unit).
Chromatic Vision in Infancy

Publisher Summary This chapter surveys behavioral data on the early ontogeny of chromatic vision and information processing in man. Because detailed pattern perception and color vision are mutually segregated to central vision and because visual patterns can be differentiated or resolved either by brightness or hue, a major question motivating developmentalists has been, “Do infants see color?” Most early investigations of the development of color vision constituted essentially color preference studies with brightness or other variables uncontrolled. Simple color preference studies fell far short of describing or evaluating the basic sensory or perceptual functions characteristic of early perceptual development. Recent anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral observations indicate, however, that central vision in infants and young children is primary and that photopic vision in man is functional near the beginning of extrauterine life. Moreover, contemporary investigators have adapted psychophysical techniques and controls to the study of the development of chromatic vision with manifest success.