cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between caregiver hopefulness and satisfaction with their children's mental health services.

Relationships among the Youth Services Survey for Families (YSSF) Indicators, selected demographic and clinical variables, and caregiver-rated hopefulness and children’s problem severity were examined in a random sample of 1,500 caregivers of Medicaid-enrolled youth in a satisfaction study with Kentucky’s 14 community mental health centers. Multiple linear regressions revealed that caregiver services and caregiver hopefulness were excellent predictors of two and three YSSF Indicators, respectively. Providers need to respond to caregiver concerns when developing support services and understand the mechanisms associated with these services’ effectiveness. Tracking changes in caregiver and youth hopefulness during treatment may improve services and retention and bridge the gap between research and the important construct of hope.
Network organization in health and disease: on being a reductionist and a systems biologist too.

Whereas the challenge for traditional mechanistic science was to identify parts and operations, the current challenge in many fields of biology is to understand how the many parts of mechanisms are organized in networks and their operations coordinated across these networks. This paper explores how tools from graph theory are enabling analysis of organization at both macro- and micro-levels. In applying these approaches to brain regions, systems neuroscientists are identifying both small-world organization with hubs at the macro-scale and frequently occurring subgraphs that link specific brain regions at a more micro-scale. This has lead to the discovery of networks in which activity in multiple brain regions exhibits coherent oscillations and demonstrations that these networks are disrupted in various mental disorders.·
Nonperturbative evaluation of the physical classical velocity in the lattice heavy quark effective theory

In the lattice formulation of heavy quark effective theory, the value of the ``classical velocity'' $v,$ as defined through the separation of the four-momentum of a heavy quark into a part proportional to the heavy quark mass and a residual part that remains finite in the heavy quark limit $(P=Mv+p),$ is different from its value as it appears in the bare heavy quark propagator $[{S}^{\ensuremath{-}1}(p)=v\ensuremath{\cdot}p].$ The origin of the difference, which is effectively a lattice-induced renormalization, is the reduction of Lorentz [or O(4)] invariance to (hyper)cubic invariance. The renormalization is finite and depends specifically on the form of the discretization of the reduced heavy quark Dirac equation. For the forward time, centered space discretization, we compute this renormalization nonperturbatively, using an ensemble of lattices at $\ensuremath{\beta}=6.1$ provided by the Fermilab ACP-MAPS Collaboration. The calculation makes crucial use of a variationally optimized smeared operator for creating composite heavy-light mesons. It has the property that its propagator achieves an asymptotic plateau in just a few Euclidean time steps. For comparison, we also compute the shift perturbatively, to one loop in lattice perturbation theory. The nonperturbative calculation of the leading multiplicative shift in the classical velocity is considerably different from the one-loop estimate and indicates that for the above parameters $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{v}$ is reduced by about 10\char21{}13 %.
Violence Prevention: The Development of Internet-Delivered, Experimentally-Evaluated, Psychological-Education Curricula.

Violence prevention requires a broad focus. Several multimediaenhanced, psychological education courses that are capable of Internet delivery have been developed at Arizona State University and at KnowConflict, LLC. These interactive interventions have evolved from earlier work on simulations and computer-based learning; however, they incorporate recent technological advances and current psychological research in areas such as differential diagnosis, observational learning, and cognitive restructuring. They specifically address changing the irrational beliefs that mediate low self-esteem and occupational stereotyping, educating parents on practices affecting the career outcomes of their children, and altering attributions relevant to academic motivation and performance. Although all of these psychological education curricula are relevant to violence prevention, and all have been subjected to continuing conceptual and empirical scrutiny, the most recent project deals directly with enhancing the conflict management skills of our nation's youth.
Easier Said than Done: Intervention Sustainability in an Urban After-School Program

Although sustainability is frequently described as a project goal in community-based programs, concentrated efforts to sustain interventions beyond the conclusion of research funding have only recently emerged as a focus of implementation research. The current paper describes a study of behavioral consultation to after-school program staff in low-SES, urban communities. Following consultation, staff use of four recommended tools and strategies was examined, emphasizing facilitators and barriers to sustainability. Results indicated high perceived utility and intention to use intervention components, but low sustainability at two follow-up time points within 1 year after the initial consultation concluded. Findings suggest that ongoing implementation support in community settings may be necessary to ensure the sustainability of interventions and meet the mental health needs of participating high-risk youth.
Thermal fatigue tests of a prototype beryllium limiter for jet

Abstract Beryllium is an attractive alternative to graphite for use as armor material for plasma interactive components in fusion devices because of its low atomic number, high strength, and good compatibility with hydrogen. However, beryllium is susceptible to damage from cyclic thermal stresses because of its high elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. We have performed 2-D elastic-plastic finite element stress analyses of prototype beryllium limiter tiles for the JET project that are exposed to a surface heat flux of 250 W/cm2 for 15 second pulses. Plastic deformation was predicted to occur at the heated surface during both the heating and cooling phases of the cycle, thereby causing cyclic plastic strain. We also performed thermal fatigue tests using a rastered electron beam to apply the heat load to prototype limiter specimens. After 10 000 thermal fatigue cycles, the only damage of the beryllium tile was microcracking of the heated surface. The depth of this microcracking, 4 mm, corresponds closely to the calculated depth of cyclic plastic strain. These favorable results show that the operating conditions for the JET limiter design can be extended into the regime of cyclic plastic deformation without causing overall structural failure, despite the formation of thermal fatigue cracks.
Plasma membrane-associated component(s) that confer(s) cholera toxin sensitivity to adenylate cyclase.

Abstract Incubation of crude normal rat kidney membranes with activated cholera toxin in the presence of GTP, ATP and NAD+ results in a 10–20-fold stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Optimal choleragen activation of the cyclase is shown to be dependent upon the presence of a plasma membrane-associated reconstituting activity, which can be dissociated from the membranes by washing with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, containing 5 mM EDTA and 0.1 mM dithiothreitol. Choleragen-catalyzed ADP ribosylation of plasma membrane substrate proteins also requires the presence of a reconstituting activity factor. Spehadex G-150 filtration of solubilized reconstituting activity shows a peak activity eluting in the region corresponding to a protein with a molecular weight of approx. 13 000. Reconstituting activity is eluted from DEAE-cellulose at a salt concentration of 40–100 mM KCl. This active factor is not destroyed by trypsin treatment or by boiling for 30 min. These observations indicate that an endogenous membrane-associated factor, along with GTP, may be involved in modulating the ability of choleragen to activate adenylate cyclase.
QL-24FERTILITY PRESERVATION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS (PBTS)

BACKGROUND: There have been modest gains in survival of younger patients with PBTs. Given their improving prognosis, more patients of child-bearing age see procreation as feasible. The goals of this study were to describe the patients referred for fertility preservation (FP) counseling, determine which patients pursued FP, and investigate the fertility outcomes of these patients. METHODS: This was an IRB-approved retrospective review of PBT patients, ages 18-45, who were referred for FP counseling with a nurse specialist between 2009-2013. RESULTS: There were 69 patients referred for FP counseling: 38 men (mean age 32.9) and 31 women (mean age 31.9). Median KPS was 90. Eighty-eight percent had gliomas; 57% grade III and 17% grade IV. Other tumor types included CNS lymphoma, ependymoma, meningioma, and pineoblastoma. Sixty-seven percent were referred for counseling at initial diagnosis, while 33% were referred at recurrence/progressive disease. Of the patients referred for counseling, 50 (73%) pursued referral to a sperm bank or reproductive endocrinologist (87% of men, 55% of women). There was no statistically significant difference in referral acceptance by age, race, marital status, religion, or tumor grade. Patients were more likely to accept referral if they had no prior children (p = 0.048). After treatment with chemotherapy (including temozolomide and lomustine) and radiation, three men conceived naturally and two men conceived using banked sperm. Two women conceived naturally, one after radiation therapy and one with an untreated low grade glioma. No women conceived from cryopreserved eggs or embryos to date. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the historically poor prognosis of patients with PBTs, there is significant interest in FP among these patients, particularly if they have no prior children. Therefore, oncology clinicians must develop strategies to incorporate FP counseling into practice. Further investigation into clinician referral patterns, patient satisfaction with information provided about fertility, and outcomes of FP is warranted.
Relating angling-dependent fish impairment to immediate release mortality of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)

Abstract Catch-and-release (CAR) fishing of deep-water physoclistous species can lead to increased stress and impairment often resulting in immediate release mortality. We made use of a condition index (BtR score) to evaluate the relationship between CAR-related impairment and immediate release mortality in the recreational red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) fishery. Symptoms of barotrauma and impairment showed positive relationships with capture depth and occurred more frequently during the summer sampling than the fall. Impairment, as measured by BtR score, showed significant logistic relationships with immediate release mortality proxies such as floating and erratic swimming at release. Logistic curves had inflection points at BtR scores of 0.3–0.4 (on a scale of 0–1), above which fish experienced high immediate release mortality regardless of season (60–100%). Mean BtR scores were lower than the inflection point of the logistic curve, resulting in immediate release mortality estimates ranging from 20% to 28%. Recaptured fish showed significantly lower impairment than non-recaptured fish. The BtR score is a proficient method to estimate both impairment and immediate release mortality of red snapper in field settings.
Bilateral nephrectomy and splenectomy in renal failure.

Abstract Sixty consecutive patients treated by bilateral nephrectomy and splenectomy as a preparation for renal transplantation are reviewed. Only 8 (13.3 per cent) of the patients were totally free of complications related to the procedure. The most frequent complications noted were atelectasis, pneumonia, hypotension, hyperkalemia, pulmonary effusion, hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding. There were 7 deaths in the group (11.7 per cent). As a result of this review bilateral nephrectomy in preparation for transplant is recommended to patients only with the following problems: uncontrolled hypertension of the high renin variety; infected, obstructed kidneys or the presence of vesicoureteral reflux; Goodpasture's disease or certain cases of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and some patients with polycystic kidney disease. The role of splenectomy is still controversial.
Boundary conditions for some surface-catalyzed reactions

T has recently been demonstrated in the aerospace literature considerable interest concerning the surface recombination of atoms." The analyses of this phenomenon have been carried out within the framework of boundarylayer theory and have involved a boundary condition at the exposed surface relating the normal gradient of atom mass fraction and the atom mass fraction itself. It is generally stated and/or recognized that these analyses for a binary system apply as well to more complicated systems, provided that the concentration of reactants and products is vanishingly small.' 7 It is the purpose of the present note to develop the boundary conditions when this latter assumption is not employed 4 We want to state at the outset that some of the results presented here are perhaps known to chemical engineers as indicated, for example, by Ref. 9. However, the implications of the condition of steady state and, further, of the condition of local adsorption equilibrium leading to the surface boundary conditions for diffusive flows, appear to be new. In any case, it may be useful to the aerospace community to have readily available the present results. § For generality, we consider a set of surf ace -catalyzed reactions of the form
Effectiveness of the Frostig Program for Visual Perceptual Training with Head Start Children

Children attending a Summer Head Start Center were randomly assigned to one of two groups, a group of 24 who was given the Frostig Program of Visual Perceptual Training and a control group of 18 who received no special training but spent an identical amount of time in semi-structured play activities with the two trainers who administered the Frostig program. Before and after the interval, all Ss were tested with the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception. Initial scores for both groups were below the age norms for the test. Posttest scores for the group who received Frostig training showed statistically reliable improvement.
Valve repair versus valve replacement for degenerative mitral valve disease

Objective The study objective was to identify characteristics differentiating patients undergoing valve replacement versus valve repair for degenerative mitral valve disease and to use this information to compare survival and reoperation after each procedure. Methods From 1985 to 2005, 3286 patients underwent isolated primary operation for degenerative mitral valve disease. Valve repair was performed in 3051 patients (93%), and valve replacement was performed in 235 patients (7.2%). A propensity model and score developed for fair comparison of outcomes yielded 195 matched pairs. Results Patients undergoing replacement were older (70 ± 12 years vs 57 ± 13 years) and had more complex valvar pathology, symptoms, and left ventricular dysfunction. Thus, the characteristics of the propensity-matched patients undergoing repair more resembled those of the patients undergoing replacement (older, complex valvar pathology) than patients undergoing typical repair. Eight patients died in the hospital (0.26%) after repair and 5 patients (2.1%) died after replacement ( P = .001). Unadjusted survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 95%, 87%, and 68% after repair and 80%, 60%, and 44% after replacement, respectively ( P P = .8): 86% versus 83% at 5 years, 63% versus 62% at 10 years, and 43% versus 48% at 15 years. Freedom from reoperation among propensity-matched patients was 94% at 5 and 10 years after repair and 95% and 92% at 5 and 10 years after replacement, respectively ( P = .6). Conclusion It is reasonable to perform valve repair in elderly patients with complex degenerative mitral valve pathology because it can eliminate the need for anticoagulation and risk of prosthesis-related complications. However, when valve pathology is so complex that repair is infeasible, this study demonstrates that valve replacement does not diminish long-term outcomes.
MOSES /Manned Orbital Space Escape System/ - A hypothetical application

Extensive experience acquired over more than 20 years in the design and operation of unmanned recoverable satellite vehicles is directly applicable for the economical development of escape systems for a variety of present and planned manned orbital programs. The manned orbital space escape system (MOSES) described herein is a direct outgrowth of these unmanned vehicles. It employs a thoroughly flight-proven aerodynamic configuration, a currently operational heat protection system for vehicles of this type, and functional procedures which have resulted in outstanding reliability over hundreds of successful flights and recoveries. As a media for illustrating the significant physical and operational aspects of integrating the MOSES into a primary manned orbital system, a hypothetical application to an early space operations center configuration is defined and discussed.
Art Therapy and Self-Esteem

The impact of creating art and how this process relates to the elevation of self-esteem is often taken for granted by professionals in both art therapy and other fields. While there is little doubt...
Measuring general activity levels in children and adolescents using self-report: youth activity profile

The Youth Activity Profile (YAP) is an online physical activity (PA) assessment tool to assess children’s PA at school (PAS), PA at home (PAH) as well as sedentary behavior (SED). To date, no primary study has evaluated the utility of the YAP for use in school physical education programs. Purpose : The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate grade and gender-related patterns of YAP scores in a large sample of 5th to 8th grade school children. A secondary goal was to examine relationships between PA levels and sedentary behavior and field measures of physical fitness (PF). Methods: Data were collected through a participatory network of schools that receive training and support through the FITNESSGRAM program. A total of 3165 youth from 31 elementary and middle schools completed the YAP and a total of 5339 youth from the same schools completed the FITNESSGRAM test. Age and gender differences in YAP scores were tested by a two way (grade x gender) mixed model analyses of variance. Data from the YAP and FITNESSGRAM were also aggregated by grade level and combined to examine associations between PA and PF. Partial correlations (Pearson) were used to control for school level clustering. Results: Significant main effects were found for gender (F = 66.20, p <0.0001) and grade (F = 4.40, p<0.01) for PAS. Similar main effects were observed for PAH (gender: F = 31.41, p <0.0001; grade: F = 8.28, p<0.0001) but the interaction term was also statistically significant (F (3, 3120) = 5.85, p <0.01]. Boys were found to be more active than girls and activity is higher among younger than older children. A significant main effect for grade (F = 13.39, p
The TICKIT to Teacher Learning: Designing Professional Development According to Situative Principles.

Professional development that leads to change in teacher practice is hard to find, especially professional development focused on technology integration. The Teacher Institute for Curriculum Knowledge about the Integration of Technology (TICKIT) successfully answers both challenges. This article reports on a study aimed at understanding the impact of one professional development program on self-reported levels of technology integration. We then frame the success of the design and the positive associations of the TICKIT experiences with increased levels of technology integration against the situated perspective on learning. The situated perspective and its instantiation in the teacher institute provide insight about why the program was effective. We propose that the active ingredient in the model is the intentional design of the program around the tenets of the situated perspective.
Socioeconomic disparities in eligibility and access to bariatric surgery: a national population-based analysis.

Abstract Background To analyze the socioeconomics of the morbidly obese patient population and the impact on access to bariatric surgery using 2 nationally representative databases. Bariatric surgery is a life-changing and potentially life-saving intervention for morbid obesity. Access to bariatric surgical care among eligible patients might be adversely affected by a variety of socioeconomic factors. Methods The national bariatric eligible population was identified from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and compared with the adult noneligible population. The eligible cohort was then compared with patients who had undergone bariatric surgery in the 2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, and key socioeconomic disparities were identified and analyzed. Results A total of 22,151,116 people were identified as eligible for bariatric surgery using the National Institutes of Health criteria. Compared with the noneligible group, the bariatric eligible group had significantly lower family incomes, lower education levels, less access to healthcare, and a greater proportion of nonwhite race (all P P Conclusion Socioeconomic factors play a major role in determining who does and does not undergo bariatric surgery, despite medical eligibility. Significant disparities according to race, income, education level, and insurance type continue to exist and should prompt focused public health efforts aimed at equalizing and expanding access.
Bibliotherapy: A Review and Analysis of the Literature:

Bibliotherapy, the use of reading to produce affective change and to promote personality growth and development, is examined through a comprehensive analysis of the literature. A conceptual framework with which to review the available data is suggested. This framework looks at bibliotherapy in four ways: as self-actualization therapy, a strategy for attitudinal change, a method for self-concept improvement, and an instructional/didactic tool. The literature analysis reveals little systematic demonstration of the efficacy of bibliotherapy and cautions against special education utilization without controlled study. Until such research becomes available, the special educator should proceed slowly in use of this intervention. However, understanding of the principles, philosophy, and practices of bibliotherapy is seen as valuable for those personnel working with children who may profit from the exposure to reading materials directed to their specific problems.
INTERFERENCE BETWEEN THE INFLUENZA VIRUSES : I. THE EFFECT OF ACTIVE VIRUS UPON THE MULTIPLICATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN THE CHICK EMBRYO

Reciprocal interference between influenza A, influenza B, and swine influenza viruses has been demonstrated in the chick embryo. Certain temporal and quantitative factors which influence the production of interference in this host-virus system have been studied. The implications of these observations in relation to the mechanism by which interference is produced are discussed.
Barrier Coverage for Variable Bounded-Range Line-of-Sight Guards

In this paper, we formalize the problem of barrier coverage, that is, the problem of preventing undetected intrusion in a particular region using robot sensors. We solve the problem of finding the minimum-length barrier in the case of variable bounded-range line-of-sight sensors in a two-dimensional polygonally-bounded region. We do this by building a graph of candidate barriers that could potentially be in the minimum barrier. The dual of this graph shows the connectivity of the free space. We thus reduce the problem to the network flows maximum-flow/minimum-cut problem.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Does New Research Support Old Concepts?

Objective: To examine the evidence for and against the classification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a valid disease entity, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manu...
An Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Rigidity Percolation

Many important macroscopic properties of materials depend upon the number of microscopic degrees of freedom. The task of counting the number of such degrees of freedom can be computationally very expensive. We describe a new approach for this calculation which is appropriate for two-dimensional, glass-like networks, building upon recent work in graph rigidity. This purely combinatorial algorithm is formulated in terms of a simplepebble game. It has allowed for the first studies of the rigidity transition ingenericnetworks, which are models of amorphous materials and glasses. In the context of generic rigidity percolation, we show how to calculate the number of internal degrees of freedom, identify all rigid clusters, and locate the overconstrained regions. For a network ofnsites the pebble game has a worst case performance ofO(n2). In our applications its performance scaled asn1.15at the rigidity transition, while away from the transition region it grew linearly.
Communication in Reform.

Major curricular or pedagogical change should be launched with a thorough communications plan well in hand.
Ethenylcarbamic Acid Benzyl Ester and Ethenylcarbamic Acid 1,1‐Dimethylethyl Ester

1 [84713-20-2] C10H11NO2 (MW 177.20) InChI = 1S/C10H11NO2/c1-2-11-10(12)13-8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h2-7H,1,8H2,(H,11,12) InChIKey = YGBQZFPEMRCQRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2 [7150-72-3] C7H13NO2 (MW 143.18) InChI = 1S/C7H13NO2/c1-5-8-6(9)10-7(2,3)4/h5H,1H2,2-4H3,(H,8,9) InChIKey = SJDWKAHMQWSMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (polymerization, Mizoroki–Heck reaction, introduction of β-aminoethyl group, aza Diels–Alder reaction, nucleophilic addition, electrophilic addition) Alternate Names: 1 benzyl vinylcarbamate, N-vinyl-O-benzyl urethane, Z-vinylamine, 2 tert-butyl vinlycarbamate, Boc-vinylamine. Physical Data: 1 mp 43—44 °C;3 bp 90 °C/ 0.1 mmHg,4 2 mp 67—68 °C.2 Solubility: 1 soluble in THF, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, chloroform. Form Supplied in: (1 and 2) colorless solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: qualitative analysis by NMR, MS, elemental analysis. Purification: 1 distillation,5 column chromatography using silica gel,6, 7 crystallization,1 2 sublimation.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: unstable to acids and radical initiators; use in a fume hood. Not fully tested for determination of toxicity levels.
Adjunctive Rifampin Therapy for Central Nervous System Staphylococcal Infections

OBJECTIVE:To review the published clinical data assessing the role of adjunctive rifampin therapy for the treatment of staphylococcal central nervous system (CNS) infections.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search (January 1966–March 2000) of English-language literature pertaining to CNS staphylococcal infections and rifampin was performed; tertiary sources were also used.DATA EXTRACTION:Human data and case reports were included, as no clinical trials have been published.DATA SYNTHESIS:Retrospective reviews of rifampin used in combination with other antibiotics for serious bacterial infections show conflicting results. Few case reports have described clinical successes with adjunctive rifampin therapy for CNS infections.CONCLUSIONS:The routine use of adjunctive rifampin for CNS infections cannot be justified.
Cognitive impairment, decline and fluctuations in older community-dwelling subjects with Lewy bodies.

Lewy bodies are common in the ageing brain and often co-occur with Alzheimer’s disease pathology. There is little known regarding the independent role of Lewy body pathology in cognition impairment, decline and fluctuations in community-dwelling older persons. We examined the contribution of Lewy body pathology to dementia, global cognition, cognitive domains, cognitive decline and fluctuations in 872 autopsied subjects (mean age = 87.9 years) from the Rush Religious Order Study (n = 491) and Memory and Aging Project (n = 381) longitudinal community-based clinical–pathological studies. Dementia was based on a clinical evaluation; annual cognitive performance tests were used to create a measure of global cognition and five cognitive domains. Lewy body type was determined by using α-synuclein immunostained sections of substantia nigra, limbic and neocortical regions. Statistical models included multiple regression models for dementia and cognition and mixed effects models for decline. Cognitive fluctuations were estimated by comparing standard deviations of individual residuals from mean trajectories of decline in those with and without Lewy bodies. All models controlled for age, sex, education, Alzheimer’s disease pathology and infarcts. One hundred and fifty-seven subjects (18%) exhibited Lewy body pathology (76 neocortical-type, 54 limbic-type and 27 nigra-predominant). One hundred and three (66%) subjects with Lewy body pathology had a pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neocortical-type, but not nigral-predominant or limbic-type Lewy body pathology was related to an increased odds of dementia (odds ratio = 3.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.78–5.81) and lower cognition (P < 0.001) including episodic memory function (P < 0.001) proximate to death. Neocortical-type Lewy body pathology was also related to a faster decline in global cognition (P < 0.001), decline in all five specific cognitive domains (all P-values < 0.001), and to fluctuations in decline of working and semantic memory (P-values < 0.001). Limbic-type Lewy body pathology was related to lower and faster decline in visuospatial skills (P = 0.042). The relationship of Lewy body pathology to cognition and dementia was not modified by Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Neocortical-type Lewy body pathology is associated with increased odds of dementia; lower and more rapid decline in all cognitive domains including episodic memory and fluctuations in decline in semantic and working memory. Limbic-type Lewy body pathology is specifically associated with lower and more rapid decline in visuospatial skills. The effect of Lewy body pathology on cognition appears to be independent of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
The need for an aging and cancer curriculum for hematology/oncology trainees

Abstract Purpose There has long been recognition for the need of education and training in aging and cancer. As the proportion of older individuals in the United States increases, with 20% being over 65 by 2030, it will become increasingly important for hematology–oncology trainees to have directed curriculum in geriatric-oncology. Methods In order to better define the best way to meet the need for educational material specific to the special population of older patients for Oncology Training Programs, a survey was developed and administered to Hematology–Oncology Program Directors, in order to perform an educational needs assessment. The survey was administered during the 2008 Annual Meeting to 54 attendees at the Program Director's Breakfast. The survey asked questions regarding general program characteristics, as well as the importance of geriatric-oncology curriculum, a description of such current curriculum, the most important topics to cover in the curriculum, and recommendations for the format of the curriculum. Results The survey showed that 32% of training programs had a formal curriculum that covered topics in geriatric-oncology, 56% had an informal curriculum, and 2% had no curriculum. Most used a multimodality approach including clinical experience, journal clubs and lectures. Most hematology–oncology fellowship directors believe curriculum in geriatric-oncology is important; have faculty with either training or interest in geriatric-oncology that could facilitate curriculum delivery; and would use a curriculum if it were readily available. Conclusion Investment in developing content and curriculum in geriatric-oncology would be very valuable and well-received.
Polyelectrolyte spin assembly: Influence of ionic strength on the growth of multilayered thin films

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polymer electrolyte multilayers is now a well-established method for the fabrication of thin films by sequential adsorption of alter- nating layers of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Most commonly, such adsorptions have been from quiescent solutions of varying ionic strength and pH. Here, we report results on an alternative processing route for the achievement of polymeric multilayer assemblies of poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) that utilizes conven- tional spin coating. We investigated and describe herein the dependence of multilayer film buildup on solution ionic strength for comparison with similar dependence in quiescent adsorption. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy we monitored the growth of the multilayered films, while with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) we examined the surface features and mea- sured coating thicknesses at different salt concentrations. AFM and UV-Vis data reveal two regimes of behavior with increasing salt: strong salt-dependence at low salt contents, and weak salt-dependence for high salt contents. To explain this observation, we introduce the relevance of the dimensionless group De ˙, the local Deborah Number, to the problem. As ionic strength increases, increases so that spin-assembly flow influences adsorbed conformation, and thus LbL growth rate. Our results indicate the ability to design and control polyelectrolyte multilayered structures prepared via spin assembly by varying solution properties that influence the conformation of deposited polymer chains. Addition- ally, our studies reveal the need for study of the fundamental mechanisms of polyelectro- lyte adsorption within complex flow fields. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3654-3666, 2004
Reading Habits Of Business Students

What are the reading habits of college students? This paper reports the results of a survey of undergraduate business students addressing this question. The objectives were to determine: (1) what business publications students read and how often they read them, (2) what students read for pleasure and how often, (3) how many hours a week students spend in various activities including reading, and (4) what activities interfere most with reading and study. The results indicate that college textbooks are the most frequently read business material with 42 percent reading textbooks daily. Business related material on the internet was read by 17 percent of the students on a daily basis. For pleasure, students read magazines, religious publications, and newspapers the most often. Students tend to read these publications at least once a week. Novels, nonfiction, fiction, poetry, and comic books were read on a weekly basis by less than one half of the students. The results indicate that many students are not reading on a daily basis whether it is business related or for pleasure. If students are not reading, what are they doing? Students spend time watching television (31 percent watch 12 or more hours per week), talking on the telephone (27 percent talk on the phone 12 or more hours per week), and listening to recorded music (23 percent listen 12 or more hours per week). Students report spending fewer hours reading with 3 percent indicating that they spend 12 or more hours reading each week. When asked whether work, sports, clubs/organizations, personal relationships, or child care interfered with reading and study, the students responded that personal relationships as well as clubs and organizations interfered more often with reading and studying.
Declaratively processing provenance metadata

Systems that gather fine-grained provenance metadata must process and store large amounts of information. Filtering this metadata as it is collected has a number of benefits, including reducing the amount of persistent storage required and simplifying subsequent provenance queries. However, writing these filters in a procedural language is verbose and error prone. We propose a simple declarative language for processing provenance metadata and evaluate it by translating filters implemented in SPADE [9], an open-source provenance collection platform.
Urinary Stone Matrix and Urinary Macromolecules

The role of matrix and urinary macromolecules and urinary macromolecules in the formation of urinary stones is poorly understood. Matrix has been implicated by some as a necessary substrate for crystal formation1 and by others as a mere co-precipitant with inorganic crystals2,3. Several urinary macromolecules have been identified but their importance in matrix and stone formation remains obscure. The purpose of this report is to review current knowledge on these complex components of urinary calculi.
Reactive ion Etching of PbZrxTi1−xO3 and Ruo2 Tein Films

In this work, we have identified a suitable etch gas (CCI2,F2 ) for Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) of PZT thin films on RuO2 electrodes. The etch rate and anisotropy have been studied as a function of etching conditions. The effect of gas pressure, RF power and O2 concentration on the etch rate have been determined. It was found that ion bombardment effects are primarily responsible for the etching of both PZT and RuO2 thin films. Etch rates of the order of 20-30 nm/min were obtained for PZT thin films under low gas pressure and high RF power conditions. The etch residues and the relative etch rates of the components of the PZT solid solution were determined using XPS. The results show that the etching of PbO is the limiting factor in the etch process. For RuO2 thin films, etch rates of the order of 8-10 nm/min were obtained when O2 was added to the etch gas.
Dietary linoleic acid-induced alterations in pro- and anti-nociceptive lipid autacoids: Implications for idiopathic pain syndromes?

BackgroundChronic idiopathic pain syndromes are major causes of personal suffering, disability, and societal expense. Dietary n-6 linoleic acid has increased markedly in modern industrialized popul...
Development of an Acoustic Measurement Technique for Automobile Testing in Open -Jet Wind Tunnels

Automobile aeroacoustics is still in its beginning stages. Understandi ng where control of the noise sources is addressed mainly using exploratory experimental methods and idealized models. The difficulty of reducing noise levels likes in the mechanisms that generate noise. Sound sources are generated from unsteady aerodynam ics which arises from turbulent boundary layers and from regions of separated flow over the vehicle. These regions are subjected to unsteady pressures which are interpreted by the occupant(s) as undesirable noise. In order to reduce the noise around an a utomobile, the individual sources are best identified by performing full -scale wind tunnel testing. This identification can be achieved by deploying a microphone phased array in a suitably configured wind tunnel test section. A microphone phased array pe rmits discrimination of low -level sources in the presence of diffuse background noise by means of strong spatial variations in array sensitivity. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the technology’s usefulness in the NASA Langley Full -Scale Wind Tunne l (LFST).
An Image ROI Compression Algorithm Based on Hybrid Fractal Model

This paper proposed a novel Image ROI coding method. First, an abdominal CT image is divided into two parts, the region of interest and the region of no interest; then, the two parts are coded separately based on Huffman and Fractal-SPIHT. In order to verify the validity of the algorithm, this paper compares it with the bifurcation tree algorithm and the Fisher accelerate algorithm. Image bit rate and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are used as evaluation index. The experimental results show that, the proposed image ROI compression algorithm based on hybrid fractal model can guarantee the medical image has better visual effect reduces the data quantity of the image while effectively, the algorithm also has better robustness.
On the effectiveness of CNF and DNF representations in contingent planning

This paper investigates the effectiveness of two state representations, CNF and DNF, in contingent planning. To this end, we developed a new contingent planner, called CNFct, using the AND/OR forward search algorithm PrAO [To et al., 2011] and an extension of the CNF representation of [To et al., 2010] for conformant planning to handle nondeterministic and sensing actions for contingent planning. The study uses CNFct and DNFct [To et al., 2011] and proposes a new heuristic function for both planners. The experiments demonstrate that both CNFct and DNFct offer very competitive performance in a large range of benchmarks but neither of the two representations is a clear winner over the other. The paper identifies properties of the representation schemes that can affect their performance on different problems.
Oceanic barnacles act as foundation species on plastic debris: implications for marine dispersal

Plastic has emerged as an abundant, stable substratum for oceanic dispersal of organisms via rafting. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying community diversity on plastic debris remain poorly understood. On a cruise from California to Hawai’i, we surveyed plastic debris, some likely originating from the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami, to examine the relationship between rafting community diversity and both habitat area and stalked barnacle (Lepas spp.) abundance. For sessile taxa richness, we observed an interaction in which the positive effect of debris area weakened the negative effect of barnacle cover. In contrast, for mobile taxa richness, including cohabiting species from opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean, barnacle abundance had a positive effect that was strongest at smaller debris sizes. These findings suggest that barnacles, through interactions with habitat area, have trait-dependent effects on other species, serving as both foundation species and competitors, mediating the diversity and dispersal potential of marine organisms on plastic debris.
Electrically Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites with High Thermal Conductivity

The utility of one-dimensional nanostructures, such as linear and nonlinear carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as fillers in polymer matrices and their influence in modulating the electrical, electromagnetic, and thermal properties of the resulting composites. This chapter will first consider the rationale for the use of structures with a large aspect ratio, based on percolation theory. At the very outset, a large length-to-diameter ratio enables matrix spanning at lower volume fractions, with the implication of observing novel phenomena at relatively dilute filler content. Subsequent geometric effects on significantly affecting DC and AC electrical conductivity, with respect to nonlinearity in the structure will also be considered. A significant new result is the observation of a power–law relation for the thermal conductivity, indicative of percolation, which contradicts earlier assertions and indicates that synthesis methodologies may be adapted to facilitate such behavior. Modeling of the experimentally determined electrical and thermal conductivity anisotropy, in addition to the incorporation of interfacial resistance, provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and variations.
On the Value of Information

The student of economic theory and the theory of computation will find a surprising extent of common ground (despite the obvious differences in context, scope, emphasis, and style). For example, the study of massively parallel computation deals with the interaction of a large number of independent agents (Karp and Ramachandran, 1991), certainly an environment familiar in economic theory. In game theory, it has been useful to introduce concepts of computational complexity, sometimes as a means of capturing bounded rationality. (Ben-Porath, 1987; Neyman, 1985; Papadimitriou, 1992). In complexity theory, on the other hand, games and their complexity have been a most central paradigm (Chandra, Kozen and Stockmeyer, 1981).
Prognosis and Complications

Chronic insomnia is a persistent disorder with periods of remissions and relapses. Persistence rates vary between 40 and 75 % over 1–20 years and are higher in women and older adults. Initial insomnia severity can predict the longitudinal course of this disorder and subjects with severe symptoms are three times more likely to have persistent insomnia with relapses. When left untreated, it is associated with negative psychiatric and medical outcomes, although the bidirectional relation between insomnia and these disorders is difficult to understand. Insomnia is associated with a two- to fourfold increased risk of developing depression, and this risk can be seen even up to 30 years later. Persistent insomnia can be associated with negative treatment outcomes during depression therapy, and is a risk factor for increased episodes of depression relapse and suicidal behavior. Insomnia is also associated with neurocognitive impairment, but its role as a risk factor for dementia is less clear. Insomnia is a risk factor for obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, and stroke, particularly when associated with short sleep duration. Insomnia is also a major public health issue and is associated with absenteeism, reduced work productivity, and increased disability, accidents, and health care costs. The indirect costs of untreated insomnia clearly outweigh the potential direct costs of treating it. Therefore, insomnia should be recognized and managed early in its course.
Energy Harvesting and Power Management [Guest editors' introduction]

Although research to improve the energy density of batteries continues to be a high priority, it's often also possible for users to employ other approaches to extend the battery lifetime of mobile devices, wireless sensors, and the like. Two key areas in this regard are energy harvesting and power management. The articles in this special issue cover a range of current research in the areas of energy harvesting, power management, and energy storage.
Digital Imaging and Photography: An Overview

This is an overview of forensic digital photo imaging. Only a small amount of information about the subject can be addressed in this work. This article takes a look at film photo imaging and how it has migrated to a digital world. Many aspects of film imaging have carried through to the digital world. There are many which have totally changed the methods and procedures that have been used for many years. ADAPT! Because film and digital photo imaging have been taken into the forensic world (forensic is defined as ‘pertaining to a court of law’), there must be standard operating procedures, rules, and standards Scientific Working Group on Imaging Technology.
The Neurobiology of Cocaine

The abuse and addiction potential of cocaine results, at least partly, from its effects on specific neurotransmitter systems of the brain. Recent laboratory research has established that cocaine and other drugs of abuse act directly on the brain’s reward pathways. Although it may seem obvious that the euphoric effects of cocaine enhance the abuse potential of the drug, many attempts at understanding addiction have instead focused on etiologies other than endogenous reward, such as the self-medication theory. According to this theory, cocaine administration is an attempt to correct a major psychiatric problem such as depression. Although it is true that a psychological state like depression may be associated with the drug taking, cocaine itself is not an antidepressant. Furthermore, controlled studies have found that depressed or anxious people do not drink more than nondepressed or nonanxious individuals.1