cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint probabilistic techniques for tracking multi-part objects

Common objects such as people and cars comprise many visual parts and attributes, yet image-based tracking algorithms are often keyed to only one of a target's identifying characteristics. In this paper, we present a framework for combining and sharing information among several state estimation processes operating on the same underlying visual object. Well-known techniques for joint probabilistic data association are adapted to yield increased robustness when multiple trackers attuned to disparate visual cues are deployed simultaneously. We also formulate a measure of tracker confidence, based on distinctiveness and occlusion probability, which permits the deactivation of trackers before erroneous state estimates adversely affect the ensemble. We discuss experiments focusing on color-region- and snake-based tracking that demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
Exposure of Pigs to a Pseudorabies Virus Formed by in Vivo Recombination of Two Vaccine Strains in Sheep

Several genetically altered pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccines have been created in recent years. These vaccines contain deletions in the thymidine kinase (TK) virulence gene; some contain serodiagnostic glycoprotein (gX, gI, gIII) deletions as well .5,6,9,11 Recently, we demonstrated that a gXand TK-negative, beta-galactosidase (Bgal)-positive vaccine strain recombined with a gXand TK-positive, Bgal-negative vaccine strain in sheep to produce a TKand Bgal-positive, gX-negative progeny virus (Henderson LM, Katz JB, Erickson GA, Davis AJ: 1988, Abstr Conf Res Workers Anim Dis #313, p. 56). In that work, l0 plaque forming units (PFU) of both vaccine strains were mixed together in the same syringe and injected intramuscularly into 3 adult sheep. Each test animal thus received 2 x l0 PFU of the viral mixture; 4 control sheep received 2 x l0 PFU of only one or the other of the vaccine strains. All 3 test sheep exhibited classical neurological signs of PRV infection within 72-96 hours, whereas the control animals did not exhibit these signs. Brain and spinal cord suspensions were inoculated onto fetal porcine kidney cell cultures. Pseudorabies virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence during the first cell culture passage. Recovered PRV was then serially passaged 4 times in cell cultures selective for TK-positive virus recovery. Plaques expressing Bgal activity were identified by their blue color and were plaque purified twice in Bgal expression media. The resulting virus was characterized both phenotypitally and by restriction enzyme and DNA hybridization analyses as a TKand Bgal-positive, gX-negative PRV designated recombination-derived PRV (RD-PRV) (Henderson LM, et al.: 1988, Abstr Conf Res Workers Anim Dis #313). The present study was designed to examine the diagnostic serological and virological consequences of exposing young swine to RD-PRV. Twenty-four recently weaned swine were randomly assigned to 4 groups; each group contained 4 animals inoculated with RD-PRV and 2 sentinel control animals. In groups A and B, inoculated swine were injected intramuscularly with 10 and 10 PFU of RD-PRV, respectively. In groups C and D, the inoculated animals received 10 and l0 PFU, respectively, of RD-PRV intranasally.
Mapping Soils, Vegetation, and Landforms: An Integrative Physical Geography Field Experience*

Abstract Students in a graduate seminar at Michigan State University produced a series of detailed vegetation, soils, and landform maps of a 1.5-square-mile (3.9 km2) study area in southwest Lower Michigan. The learning outcomes (maps) and skill development objectives (sampling strategies and various GIS applications) of this field-intensive mapping experience were driven by the assumption that students learn and understand relationships among physical landscape variables better by mapping them than they would in a classroom-based experience. The group-based, problem-solving format was also intended to foster collaboration and camaraderie. The study area lies within a complex, interlobate moraine. Fieldwork involved mapping in groups of two or three, as well as soil and vegetation sampling. Spatial data products assembled and used in the project included topographic maps, a digital elevation model (DEM), aerial photographs, and NRCS (National Resource Conservation Service) soil maps. Most of the soils are...
Toward Long-Term Recovery in Mississippi: Understanding the Impact of the Transportation System on Economic Resilience

AbstractOver the last decade, the state of Mississippi has shown its high susceptibility to natural and human-made disasters. The damages caused by Hurricane Katrina affected the economy not only of the coastal region, but also of the entire state. In particular, the loss of critical transportation infrastructure affected industries and the labor force. This paper analyzes the strong geographic correlation between the transportation network and economic development. The authors investigated the interdependency of logistics and regional economic distress using a model for simulating disruptions to the transportation network. To calibrate the model, the writers used the disruptions of CSX coastal rails in Mississippi and the shipbuilding industry’s economic indicators in the region pre- and post-Katrina. A hypothetical application of the model was created based on a high-magnitude earthquake along the New Madrid fault, which would impact northwest Mississippi. Disruptions were simulated in the railroad netw...
The Measurement of Changes of the General Price Level

Aim and method of the present inquiry, 557. — The two fundamental problems, 558. — Prices should be treated as ratios,. 559. — When so treated the paradox of the arithmetic and harmonic means is resolved, 559. — Ratios are not fractional quantities, 561. — The completely weighted arithmetic mean is a ratio of aggregates, 563. — Geometrical representation of the price level, 563. — The method of least squares, 566. — The method of summation, 568. — Changes of the general price level, 568. — Effect of changes of the relative importance of trade in different types of commodities, 571. — Substitution of "dollar's worths" for physical units, 571. — Fisher's index number, 572. — Conclusion, 573.
Immunosuppressive Agents in Pediatric Heart Transplantation

All pediatric heart transplantation programs currently use a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), either cyclosporine or tacrolimus, as a primary immunosuppressant. Although these drugs have much toxicity, there is insufficient data to show that CNI-free immunosuppression is safe or feasible from the time of transplantation. Most centers also use an additional adjunctive agent, either in the form of an antimetabolite (most commonly mycophenolate mofetil) or less commonly an mTOR (target of rapamycin) inhibitor. The addition of these agents may reduce early acute rejection events, allow for lower CNI target levels and may improve long-term graft and patient outcomes. The most controversial issue is whether corticosteroids should be routinely added to form “triple therapy”. Many pediatric transplant centers have successfully used complete steroid avoidance or early steroid withdrawal. Finally, there is no agreement on whether intravenous antibody induction therapy should be routinely employed although use has increased significantly in recent years. If used, there is also no agreement as to whether it should be in the form of a polyclonal T cell-depleting antibody (e.g. thymoglobulin) or an interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) antagonist (e.g. basiliximab).
PNet: A Grid Type Sensor Network of Reconfigurable Nodes

This paper discusses a grid-type sensor network with reconfigurable PSoCs as sensor nodes, and details the middleware routines that support the high-level model for distributed programming. The advantages of using reconfigurable PSoCs over other architectures, like MICA2 motes, are also discussed. The paper refers to a case study to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed network concept.
Mixed traffic and automated highways

A major issue in building a prototype automated highway system (AHS) is whether the system needs dedicated lanes, occupied only by computer-controlled cars that communicate and cooperate with each other; or whether the automated vehicles can be provided with enough sensing and intelligence that they can safely operate on regular highways, intermixed with manually-driven vehicles. A major portion of the CMU research effort in AHS is focused on determining the technical feasibility of operation in mixed traffic. This paper outlines the issues of mixed traffic vs. dedicated lanes, then describes CMU efforts in building complete demonstration systems, vehicle sensors, obstacle sensors, car tracking software, reasoning for tactical driving, and deployment scenarios.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of Parkinson's disease-linked proteins contribute to neurotoxicity of manganese-containing welding fumes

Welding generates complex metal aerosols, inhalation of which is linked to adverse health effects among welders. An important health concern of welding fume (WF) exposure is neurological dysfunction akin to Parkinson's disease (PD), thought to be mediated by manganese (Mn) in the fumes. Also, there is a proposition that welding might accelerate the onset of PD. Our recent findings link the presence of Mn in the WF with dopaminergic neurotoxicity seen in rats exposed to manual metal arc-hard surfacing (MMA-HS) or gas metal arc-mild steel (GMA-MS) fumes. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms further, we investigated the association of PD-linked (Park) genes and mitochondrial function in causing dopaminergic abnormality. Repeated instillations of the two fumes at doses that mimic ∼1 to 5 yr of worker exposure resulted in selective brain accumulation of Mn. This accumulation caused impairment of mitochondrial function and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein, indicative of dopaminergic injury. A fascinating finding was the altered expression of Parkin (Park2), Uchl1 (Park5), and Dj1 (Park7) proteins in dopaminergic brain areas. A similar regimen of manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) also caused extensive loss of striatal TH, mitochondrial electron transport components, and Park proteins. As mutations in PARK genes have been linked to early-onset PD in humans, and because welding is implicated as a risk factor for parkinsonism, PARK genes might play a critical role in WF-mediated dopaminergic dysfunction. Whether these molecular alterations culminate in neurobehavioral and neuropathological deficits reminiscent of PD remains to be ascertained.
Relationships Between Measures of the Ability to Perform Vision-Related Activities, Vision-Related Quality of Life, and Clinical Findings in Patients With Glaucoma.

Importance To our knowledge, few studies have combined an objective measure of vision-related performance (VRP) and subjective measures of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) with clinically related visual parameters, particularly in a large, prospective, cohort study setting. Objective To examine the relationships between clinical visual assessments and both a VRP and 2 self-reported VRQoL measurements. Design, Setting, and Participants Patients (N = 161) with moderate-stage glaucoma recruited from the Glaucoma Service at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were enrolled from May 2012 to May 2014 in an ongoing prospective, 4-year longitudinal observational study. This report includes cross-sectional results from the baseline visit. Patients received a complete ocular examination, automated visual field (VF) test and Cirrus optical coherence tomographic scan. Contrast sensitivity was measured with the Pelli-Robson and the Spaeth-Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) tests. Vision-related performance was assessed by the Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (CAARV) test. Vision-related QoL was assessed by the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25) and a modified Glaucoma Symptom Scale (MGSS). Main Outcomes and Measures Correlations between clinical measures and CAARV, NEI-VFQ-25, and MGSS scores. Results A total of 161 patients were enrolled in the study. The strongest correlation was found between SPARCS score in the better eye and total CAARV score ( r = 0.398; 95% CI, 0.235-0.537; P r = 0.353; 95% CI, 0.186-0.499; P = .001), VF mean deviation ( r = 0.366; 95% CI, 0.200-0.510; P r = −0.326, 95% CI = −0.476 to −0.157; P = .003) in the better eye. There were more statistically significant correlations between contrast sensitivity tests and VF mean deviation with VRQoL measurements than with other clinical measures (visual acuity, intraocular pressure, Disc Damage Likelihood Scale, and mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness). The MGSS scores were lower (worse) in women compared with men ( P = .03 for binocular, P = .01 for better eye, and P = .05 for the worse eye). Structural measures (eg, Disc Damage Likelihood Scale, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness) were generally not informative with respect to VRP or VRQoL. Conclusions and Relevance Contrast sensitivity tests and VF mean deviation were associated with both objective measures of the ability to act and subjective measurements of VRQoL. The strongest correlation was between SPARCS score (contrast sensitivity) in the better eye and total CAARV score. Therefore, measurement of contrast sensitivity should be considered when evaluating patients’ VRQoL. The results of this study were limited by the patient population and apply only within the bounds of the tested cohort.
An analysis of nearfield normal mode amplitude anomalies of the Landers Earthquake

The 1992 Landers earthquake (M_w=7.3) occurred in the middle of the TERRAscope network. Long-period Rayleigh waves recorded at the TERRAscope stations (Δ≤3°) after traveling around the Earth show large amplitude anomalies, one order of magnitude larger than spherical Earth predictions up to a period of about 600 s. The ground motions over the epicentral region at and after the arrival of R4–5 are in phase at all stations. These observations are inconsistent with the nearly vertical strike slip mechanism of the Landers earthquake. Synthetic seismograms for a rotating, elliptic and laterally heterogeneous Earth model calculated by the variational method agree well with the observed waveforms. Calculations for various 3D Earth models demonstrate that the amplitudes are very sensitive to the large scale aspherical structure in the crust and the mantle. The anomalies for modes shorter than 300 s period can be explained by lateral heterogeneity shallower than the upper mantle. Rotation of the Earth and lower mantle heterogeneity are required to explain mode amplitudes at longer periods. Current whole mantle seismic tomographic models can fully explain the observed amplitudes longer than 300 s. To assess the effect of the high order lateral heterogeneity in the mantle more precise estimate of the crustal correction is required.
Hill–Sachs lesions are best treated with a surface replacement—Opposes

Abstract A Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL) is an impression fracture that is typically located in the posterior superolateral location on the humeral head and is a tell tale sign of anterior shoulder dislocation. Hill-Sach lesions are a common associated pathoanatomic finding in anterior shoulder instability but a large, clinically significant HSL is uncommon. The management of a large HSL is a challenging clinical situation in a young patient. The first priority is repair of anterioinferior capsulolabral soft tissues and restoration of glenoid arc to increase the glenoid track and this option alone is effective in most of the patients. A large HSL in presence of bipolar bone loss may require surgical management to prevent engagement. Anatomic restoration of the humeral head defect with a fresh humeral head osteochondral allograft provides anatomic stability and biology (live cartilage cells) and is a viable option for treatment of large HSL. We reserve prosthetic option (arthroplasty) for elderly patients with large HSLs or as a salvage option for failed allograft reconstruction of HSL in young patient with arthritis.
Dimensions of Participant Goals, Expectations, and Perceptions in Small Group Experiences

Seventy-nine members of several kinds of groups reported their goals, expectations, and perceptions of the group experience on five questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered near the beginning and again at the end of university counseling center therapy groups, group process class laboratories, and a sensitivity training microlaboratory (posttest N = 69). Factor analyses of the responses to the respective questionnaires identified interpretable dimensions of personal goals, group leadership, norms, methods, and atmosphere. Further analyses yielded differences among the several types of groups on all scales and made it possible to characterize the therapy groups (considered together), each of the two process laboratories, and the microlaboratory. The study provided evidence that participants do begin group experiences with expectations and that it is possible to identify empirically both the dimensions of their expectations and ways in which their group experiences differ.
Bootstrap prediction and confidence bands: a superior statistical method for analysis of gait data.

Gait analysis studies typically utilize continuous curves of data measured over the gait cycle, or a portion of the gait cycle. Statistical methods which are appropriate for use in studies involving a single point of data are not adequate for analysis of continuous curves of data. This paper determines the operating characteristics for two methods of constructing statistical prediction and confidence bands. The methods are compared, and their performance is evaluated using cross-validation methodology with a data set of the sort commonly evaluated in gait analysis. The methods evaluated are the often-used point-by-point Gaussian theory intervals, and the simultaneous bootstrap intervals of Sutherland et al. The De6elopment of Mature Walking, MacKeith Press, London, 1988 and Olshen et al. Ann. Statist. 17 (1989) 1419‐40. The bootstrap bands are shown to provide appropriate coverage for continuous curve gait data (86% coverage for a targeted coverage of 90%). The Gaussian bands are shown to provide inadequate coverage (54% for a targeted coverage of 90%). The deficiency in the Gaussian method can lead to inaccurate conclusions in gait studies. Bootstrap prediction and confidence bands are advocated for use as a standard method for evaluating gait data curves because the method is non-parametric and maintains nominal coverage levels for entire curves of gait data. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Cloud4Home -- Enhancing Data Services with @Home Clouds

Mobile devices, net books and laptops, and powerful home PCs are creating ever-growing computational capacity at the periphery of the Internet, and this capacity is supporting an increasingly rich set of services, including media-rich entertainment and social networks, gaming, home security applications, flexible data access and storage, and others. Such 'at the edge' capacity raises the question, however, about how to combine it with the capabilities present in the cloud computing infrastructures residing in data center systems and reachable via the Internet. The Cloud4Home project and approach presented in this paper addresses this topic, by enabling and exploring the aggregate use of @home and @datacenter computational and storage capabilities. Cloud4Home uses virtualization technologies to create content storage, access, and sharing services that are fungible both in terms of where stored objects are located and in terms of where they are manipulated. In this fashion, data services can provide low latency response to @home events as well as high throughput response when the higher and less predictable latencies of data center access can be tolerated. Cloud4Home is implemented with the Xen open source hyper visors for standard x86-based mobile to server platforms, and is evaluated using sample applications based on home security and video conversion services.
A note on distributed estimation and sufficiency

In relation to distributed parameter estimation, the notion of local and global sufficient statistics is introduced. It is shown that when a sufficiency condition is satisfied by the probability distribution of a random sample, a global sufficient statistic is obtainable as a function of local sufficient statistics. Several standard distributions satisfy the said sufficiency condition. >
GERMINATION OF CORN AND SORGHUM IN THE HOME TO IMPROVE NUTRITIVE VALUE

Corn and sorghum seeds were germinated at 25°, 30° and 35°C. Germinated seeds of both cereals had increased relative nutritive values (RNV) and increased levels of lysine, methionine, and tryptophan when compared to nongerminated seeds. The RNV's of the nongerminated corn and sorghum meals were 66.8 and 55.5% respectively while the RNV's of the germinated corn and sorghum were 99.5 and 62.9% respectively. The highest RNV for corn occurred after 4 days at 25°C, 2 days at 30°C and 3 days at 35°C. For sorghum, highest RNV was attained when the seeds were germinated for 5 days at 25°C, 6 days at 30°C and 3 days at 35°C. The highest RNV value achieved by germinating corn was 99.5%, whereas the highest for sorghum was 78.3%.
Applying Digital Evolution to the Development of Self-Adaptive ULS Systems

A key characteristic for ultra-large scale (ULS) software- intensive systems is the need to adapt at run time in response to changing environmental conditions. Given the scale, complexity, and heterogeneity of ULS elements, innovative, but rigorous software engineering techniques are needed to address the development and the evolution of these systems. The developer of self-adaptive ULS systems must anticipate how and when the software will need to adapt in the future, codify this behavior in decision-making components to govern the adaptation, and ensure that system integrity is not compromised during adaptations. We contend that the full potential of dynamically adaptive software systems cannot be realized without environments that enable the developer to actively explore the "adaptation space " of the system during the early stages of design. We propose an approach to this problem that leverages and extends digital evolution techniques. By mapping models of adaptive software programs into digital organisms and studying traces of their evolution, the developer can gain critical insight into software decision making, software assurance, and the software infrastructure needed to support desired adaptations.
Communication in Performance-Based Training and Instruction: From Design to Practice.

Communication is inextricably important to instructional design and performance-based training. Promoting effective communication as an integral part of the performance support system improves professional instructional design functions and offers greater avenues for meaningful discourse among end users of the instruction. In this article, we highlight communication in performance training and instruction for meaningful learning and effective exchange of knowledge. Internal and external communications are discussed as a means to promoting successful relationships, commitment, and ownership.
Design of a Metamaterial-Based Backward-Wave Oscillator

In this paper, we present the design of a microwave generator using metamaterials (MTMs) in a negative index waveguide interacting with a high-power electron beam. The microwave structure is formed by inserting two MTM plates loaded with complementary split-ring-resonators (CSRRs) into a rectangular waveguide. Electromagnetic simulations using the high-frequency structure simulator code confirm the presence of a negative index TM-like mode suitable for use in a backward-wave oscillator (BWO). Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations using the computer simulation technology (CST) Particle Studio code are performed to evaluate the efficiency of an S-Band MTM-based BWO (MTMBWO) excited by a 500 keV, 80-A electron beam. After about 250 ns, the MTMBWO reaches a saturated output power of 5.75 MW with an efficiency of 14% at a frequency near 2.6 GHz. The MTMBWO is also modeled by representing the MTM plates, which consist of CSRRs, as dielectric slabs whose effective permittivity is given by a Lorentzian model. The dielectric slab model is also simulated with the CST PIC code and shows good qualitative agreement with the simulations including the CSRR loaded plates. A cold test structure was fabricated from brass to test the theoretical predictions of the microwave transmission versus frequency of the negative index waveguide. Test results using a vector network analyzer showed very good agreement with the simulations for the excitation of the negative index TM-like mode near 2.6 GHz. The proposed structure appears to be promising for use in a MTMBWO high-power microwave generator.
csrT represents a new class of csrA-like regulatory genes associated with Integrative Conjugative Elements of Legionella pneumophila

ABSTRACT Bacterial evolution is accelerated by mobile genetic elements. To spread horizontally and to benefit the recipient bacteria, genes encoded on these elements must be properly regulated. Among the legionellae are multiple integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) that each encode a paralog of the broadly conserved regulator csrA . Using bioinformatic analyses, we deduced that specific csrA paralogs are coinherited with particular lineages of the type IV secretion system that mediates horizontal spread of its ICE, suggesting a conserved regulatory interaction. As a first step to investigate the contribution of csrA regulators to this class of mobile genetic elements, we analyzed here the activity of the csrA paralog encoded on Legionella pneumophila ICE-βox. Deletion of this gene, which we name csrT , had no observed effect under laboratory conditions. However, ectopic expression of csrT abrogated the protection to hydrogen peroxide and macrophage degradation that ICE-βox confers to L. pneumophila. When ectopically expressed, csrT also repressed L. pneumophila flagellin production and motility, a function similar to the core genome9s canonical csrA . Moreover, csrT restored the repression of motility to csrA mutants of Bacillus subtilis, a finding consistent with the predicted function of CsrT as an mRNA binding protein. Since all known ICEs of legionellae encode coinherited csrA -type IV secretion system pairs, we postulate that CsrA superfamily proteins regulate ICE activity to increase their horizontal spread, thereby expanding L. pneumophila versatility. IMPORTANCE ICEs are mobile DNA elements whose type IV secretion machineries mediate spread among bacterial populations. All surveyed ICEs within the Legionella genus also carry paralogs of the essential life cycle regulator csrA . It is striking that the csrA loci could be classified into distinct families based on either their sequence or the subtype of the adjacent type IV secretion system locus. To investigate whether ICE-encoded csrA paralogs are bona fide regulators, we analyzed ICE-βox as a model system. When expressed ectopically, its csrA paralog inhibited multiple ICE-βox phenotypes, as well as the motility of not only Legionella but also Bacillus subtilis. Accordingly, we predict that CsrA regulators equip legionellae ICEs to promote their spread via dedicated type IV secretion systems.
Inferior Turbinate Asymmetry Is a Feature of the Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Nasal Deformity.

Purpose Patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) have a characteristic bilateral septal deformity, and septal deviation can be associated with turbinate hyperplasia, leading to paradoxical nasal obstruction. The purpose of the present study was to measure and compare the bony and mucosal dimensions of the inferior turbinate on the cleft and non-cleft sides in patients with UCLP. Patients and Methods We implemented a retrospective cohort study of patients with UCLP who had undergone computed tomography (CT) scan between 2002 to 2013. Subjects who had undergone nasal revision, septoplasty, turbinectomy, or Le Fort I osteotomy before the imaging date were excluded. The primary predictor variable was the subject side (cleft vs noncleft side), and the primary outcome variable was the turbinate cross-sectional area. The secondary predictor variables included the site of measurement along the sagittal axis of the turbinate (anterior, middle, posterior) and tissue type (turbinate whole, bone, mucosa). The Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples compared the turbinate dimensions on the cleft and noncleft sides, with statistical significance set at P ≤ .05. Results The sample included 53 patients (32 females and 21 males). The inferior turbinates were measured bilaterally on CT images obtained at a mean age of 12.2 ± 0.8 years. The inferior turbinate on the noncleft side was significantly larger in both bone and mucosa ( P = .003). This relationship did not change when controlling for age and gender. Conclusions The results of the present study have confirmed bony and mucosal enlargement of the inferior turbinate on the noncleft side in patients with UCLP. This might contribute to bilateral nasal obstruction and should be considered during treatment planning for nasopharyngeal and orthognathic surgery.
The Autonomy of the Political: Conquered or Posited?

Ideals of autonomy are prevalent in contemporary political theory, especially in relation to notions of individual responsibility. These also figure in discussions about the relationship between the economic, political, and cultural field in modernity. Once coupled with “the political” – an unavoidable yet elusive category – the question of autonomy has elicited several critical reactions. The range is wide: from defenders of the autonomy of the political who see this autonomy as a precondition of meaningful political actions, to critics who see as yet another liberal and secular conceit that we are well advised to abandon. This essay interrogates these terms of discussion and presents an argument about the autonomy of the political that emphasizes both the structural nature of its emergence, as well as the role of political action in rendering it meaningful. The autonomy of the political thus emerges as something conquered rather than merely structurally posited.
Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Ceramic Particulate/Aluminum Alloy Composites

The rheological behavior and microstructure were investigated using a concentric cylinder viscometer for three different slurries: semi-solid alloy slurries of a matrix alloy, Al-6.5wt percent Si: composite slurries, SiC (sub p) (8.5 microns)/Al-6.5wt percent Si, with the same matrix alloy in the molten state, and composite slurries of the same composition with the matrix alloy in the semi-solid state. The pseudoplasticity of these slurries was obtained by step changes of the shear rate from a given initial shear rate. To study the thixotropic behavior of the system, a slurry was allowed to rest for different periods of time, prior to shearing at a given initial shear rate. In the continuous cooling experiments, the viscosities of these slurries were dependent on the shear rate, cooling rate, volume fraction of the primary solid of the matrix alloy, and volume fraction of silicon carbide. In the isothermal experiments, all three kinds of slurries exhibited non-Newtonian behavior, depending on the volume fraction of solid particles.
Further modifications of the Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection procedure for blepharoptosis.

A modified Muller's muscle-conjunctival resection procedure was performed to correct minimal to mild blepharoptosis with good levator function. A semilinear formula was used to excise specific amounts of Muller's muscle for different amounts of blepharoptosis. This formula was modified by less than
Mid-trimester fetal livers are a rich source of CD34+/++ cells for transplantation.

Human fetal livers (FL), between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation, were studied for their potential as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for prenatal and postnatal transplantation. In this report we give a quantitative evaluation of human FL as a source of candidate stem cells, and develop a protocol for the isolation of these cells free of microbial contaminants and almost free of mature T cells. Human FLs contained a median 1.9 × 109 viable cells and a mean of 1.3 × 108 CD34+/++ cells (range 1.1 × 107 to 4.7 × 108). Regardless of gestational age, no significant differences were apparent in the numbers of total progenitors or in the numbers of candidate stem cells (CD34++ CD38− and CD34++CD4+), suggesting that the expansion in the liver of the early compartments of hematopoietic progenitors reaches a plateau after the sixteenth week of gestation. Colony-forming units culture (CFU-C) were found to range from 4.1 × 106 to 2.5 × 107 per FL. Positive selection of FL CD34++ cells was achieved using the Baxter Isolex 50 device. An average purity of 74% and yield of 29% of CD34+/++ cells was achieved. T cells were depleted by 99.95%, resulting in a mean of 6.5 × 103 T cells per processed liver. Analysis of candidate stem cell populations and primitive colony-forming cells (CFC) suggested a preferential enrichment of these cells over the total population of CD34+/++ cells. Processed CD34+/++cells were found to be sterile. In conclusion, purification of FL progenitors between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation results in a large number of early progenitors suitable for in utero and possibly post-natal transplantation.
Effect of reactive compensation for generator excitation system on PSS parameter setting and solution

The principle and function of reactive compensation for generator excitation system is introduced.The PSS theory and its field parameter setting method are described.For the self-excitation hydraulic generator,the results of small disturbance stability simulation based on PSASP are compared with the field measurement data,and the effect of the uncompensated frequency characteristic bias due to different reactive compensation coefficients on the PSS parameter setting is analyzed and summarized.The conclusion is that,the reactive compensation coefficients must be considered during the PSS parameter setting.The small disturbance stability method is proposed to verify the effect of updated compensation coefficients on PSS.
Effects of Transparent Dressing on Patients with II Stage Pressure Ulcer

Objective To investigate the effects of transparent dressing on the patients with stage II pressure ulcer.Methods Thirty patients with stage Ⅱ bedsore(the blister period) were randomly divided into 2 groups:observation group(n=15) and control group(n=15).Patients in Group A received traditional treatment and those in the observation group were treated with 3M transparent dressing.Results The treatment time and cost of the observation group were both significantly lower than those of the control group.The incidences of infection were similar between the 2 groups.Conclusion Transparent dressing has good effects on patients with stage Ⅱ pressure ulcer.
Study of the third-order nonlinear optical properties of an aniline croconium dye

The third-order optical nonlinearity and dynamic response of an aniline croconium dye were studied by femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing(DFWM) technique at 820 nm.The magnitude of the second-order hyperpolarizabilities of the croconium dye was calculated.It was clarified that the croconium dye has large third-order optical nonlinearities and fast optical response under resonant conditions
The Need for Vigilance in the Marketing of Genomic Tests in Psychiatry.

Recently, several for-profit companies have been developing and marketing genetic tests to psychiatrists, yet the clinical utility of these is not always clear, posing several concerns. Important genomic research is continuing, and genomic tests potentially can help with both the diagnosis and treatment of many patients. Yet it is important that clinicians be aware of potential limitations of tests that may be marketed to them.
How to select the right solvent for solvent-aided steam injection processes

Abstract Solvent-steam processes gained popularity in recent years in the extraction of high-asphaltenes-content heavy hydrocarbons. However, while solvent selection is key for the success of these processes, the criteria for solvent selection are still not fully established. In this study, three asphaltenes insoluble (propane, n-hexane, carbon dioxide) and one asphaltenes soluble (toluene) solvents were tested on solvent-aided steam processes to extract a bitumen sample from Alberta, Canada. Both steam flooding and SAGD performances were analyzed. The impact of clay presence was investigated by conducting experiments with and without the addition of clays, consisting of an illite-kaolinite mixture. The results of this study suggest that the produced oil samples from steam injection processes are in the form of water-in-oil emulsions. It has been observed that the amount of asphaltenes in produced oil determines the amount of water trapped in the form of emulsions. Co-injection of solvent with steam decreases the interfacial film between water and asphaltenes. However, asphaltenes insoluble solvents were found to be more effective to eliminate the forces at the oil-water interface. Presence of clays also reduced the water content of emulsions. The results of this study suggest that carbon dioxide, which is a non-hydrocarbon asphaltenes-insoluble solvent, yields the greatest quality oil with the lowest amount of water and clay in produced oil and provides high oil recovery. Hence, it is recommended to use asphaltenes-insoluble, non-hydrocarbon solvents for the extraction of low API gravity, high viscosity, and high asphaltenes content reservoirs.
Vibrio cholerae biofilm growth program and architecture revealed by single-cell live imaging

Biofilms are surface-associated bacterial communities that are crucial in nature and during infection. Despite extensive work to identify biofilm components and to discover how they are regulated, little is known about biofilm structure at the level of individual cells. Here, we use state-of-the-art microscopy techniques to enable live single-cell resolution imaging of a Vibrio cholerae biofilm as it develops from one single founder cell to a mature biofilm of 10,000 cells, and to discover the forces underpinning the architectural evolution. Mutagenesis, matrix labeling, and simulations demonstrate that surface adhesion-mediated compression causes V. cholerae biofilms to transition from a 2D branched morphology to a dense, ordered 3D cluster. We discover that directional proliferation of rod-shaped bacteria plays a dominant role in shaping the biofilm architecture in V. cholerae biofilms, and this growth pattern is controlled by a single gene, rbmA Competition analyses reveal that the dense growth mode has the advantage of providing the biofilm with superior mechanical properties. Our single-cell technology can broadly link genes to biofilm fine structure and provides a route to assessing cell-to-cell heterogeneity in response to external stimuli.
Phylogenetic Placement of a Schistosome from an Unusual Marine Snail Host, the False Limpet (Siphonaria lessoni) and Gulls (Larus dominicanus) from Argentina with a Brief Review of Marine Schistosomes from Snails.

Abstract In the blood fluke family Schistosomatidae, marine snails are well known as intermediate hosts. Eight families of marine snails have thus far been reported to host schistosomes across the world, most of which have been implicated in human cercarial dermatitis (HCD) outbreaks. As part of our larger effort to define the species diversity and biology of schistosomes in Argentina, in particular their role in causing HCD, we searched in the marine pulmonate snail (Siphonaria lessoni) for a schistosome species described previously from S. lessoni from southern Argentina. Additionally, gulls (Larus dominicanus) collected from a different project locality (inland) were examined, because they are known to spend time in the intertidal regions. Schistosome sporocysts were found in S. lessoni, and a small worm fragment was retrieved from a gull. Molecular phylogenies for 28S, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, and cox1 genes revealed that the specimens from the gull and S. lessoni grouped closely together, suggesting they are ...
Standardizing Methodology for Research with Uneven Terrains Focused on Dynamic Balance During Gait

This research tested a reproducible uneven walkway designed to destabilize human gait. Ten participants walked 30 times over even and uneven (7.3 × .08 m, sequentially-placed wooden blocks in a rotating pattern, 1-cm thick rubber mat) walkways. A full-body marker set and 8-camera motion capture system recorded limb kinematics. MatLab 2013b was used to calculate measures of gait stability: angular momentum, margin of stability, step width variability, CoM height, toe clearance, lateral arm swing. The minimum number of strides necessary to minimize intraparticipant variability was calculated via the interquartile range/median ratio (IMR) at 25% and 10% thresholds for each measure. A paired t test tested for significance between terrains (P < .05). The uneven walkway significantly destabilized gait as seen by increases in: coronal and sagittal plane angular momentum, step width variability, and toe clearance. We found no significant difference with the margin of stability between the 2 terrains possibly due to compensatory strategies (eg, lateral arm swing, trunk sway, step width). Recording a minimum of 10 strides per subject will keep each variable between the 25% and 10% IMR thresholds. In conclusion, the uneven walkway design significantly destabilizes human gait and at least 10 strides should be collected per subject.
Central role of T helper 17 cells in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Inflammation is a prominent pathological feature in pulmonary arterial hypertension, as demonstrated by pulmonary vascular infiltration of inflammatory cells, including T and B lymphocytes. However...
A Baseline Study of Alpine Snowbed and Rill Communities On Mount Washington, Nh

Abstract Quantitative data on the abundance and frequency of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens are lacking for alpine snowbed and rill communities in northeastern North America. Such data are needed to establish whether the communities are changing in response to climate warming, nitrogen deposition or shifts in the timing of precipitation and snowmelt. We surveyed nine sites (five snowbeds and four rills) on Mount Washington (White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire), recording 54 vascular plant species, 42 bryophytes and 13 lichens. Although vascular plants were most abundant, bryophytes and lichens, which had not been completely surveyed in these communities previously, were important in terms of species richness (as many as eight bryophytes and four lichens in 1 m2 quadrats) and were occasionally abundant, particularly bryophytes in rills. We found that snowbeds and rills are separate communities. Some species are shared, but far higher numbers of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens wer...
Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Review of Recent Literature.

Background: In the United States, hyperemesis gravidarum is the most common cause of hospitalization during the first half of pregnancy and is second only to preterm labor for hospitalizations in pregnancy overall. In approximately 0.3-3% of pregnancies, hyperemesis gravidarum is prevalent and this percentage varies on account of different diagnostic criteria and ethnic variation in study populations. Despite extensive research in this field, the mechanism of the disease is largely unknown. Although cases of mortality are rare, hyperemesis gravidarum has been associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. The current mainstay of treatment relies heavily on supportive measures until improvement of symptoms as part of the natural course of hyperemesis gravidarum, which occurs with progression of gestational age. However, studies have reported that severe, refractory disease manifestations have led to serious adverse outcomes and to termination of pregnancies. Summary: Despite extensive research in the field, the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum remains unknown. Recent literature points to a genetic predisposition in addition to previously studied factors such as infectious, psychiatric, and hormonal contributions. Maternal morbidity is common and includes psychological effects, financial burden, clinical complications from nutritional deficiencies, gastrointestinal trauma, and in rare cases, neurological damage. The effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on neonatal health is still debated in literature with conflicting results regarding outcomes of birth weight and prematurity. Available therapy options remain largely unchanged in the past several decades and focus on parenteral antiemetic medications, electrolyte repletion, and nutritional support. Most studies of therapeutic options do not consist of randomized control studies and cross-study analysis is difficult due to considerable variation of diagnostic criteria. Key Messages: Hyperemesis gravidarum carries a significant burden on maternal health and US health care. Most published research on pathogenesis is observational and suggests multifactorial associations with hyperemesis gravidarum. Precise, strictly defined criteria for clinical diagnosis are likely to benefit meta-analyses of further research studies regarding pathogenesis as well as therapeutic options.
Pyro-Borates, Spiro-Borates, and Boroxinates of BINOL-Assembly, Structures, and Reactivity.

VANOL and VAPOL ligands are known to react with three equivalents of B(OPh)3 to form a catalytic species that contains a boroxinate core with three boron atoms, and these have proven to be effective catalysts for a number of reactions. However, it was not known whether the closely related BINOL ligand will likewise form a boroxinate species. It had simply been observed that mixtures of BINOL and B(OPh)3 were very poor catalysts compared to the same mixtures with VANOL or VAPOL. Borate esters of BINOL have been investigated as chiral catalysts, and these include meso-borates, spiro-borates, and diborabicyclo-borate esters. Borate esters are often in equilibrium, and their structures can be determined by stoichiometry and/or thermodynamics, especially in the presence of a base. The present study examines the structures of borate esters of BINOL that are produced with different stoichiometric combinations of BINOL with B(OPh)3 in the presence and absence of a base. Depending on conditions, pyro-borates, spir...
Rapid, label-free CD4 testing using a smartphone compatible device.

The most recent guidelines have called for a significant shift towards viral load testing for HIV/AIDS management in developing countries; however point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing still remains an important component of disease staging in multiple developing countries. Advancements in micro/nanotechnologies and consumer electronics have paved the way for mobile healthcare technologies and the development of POC smartphone-based diagnostic assays for disease detection and treatment monitoring. Here, we report a simple, rapid (30 minutes) smartphone-based microfluidic chip for automated CD4 testing using a small volume (30 mu L) of whole blood. The smartphone-based device includes an inexpensive (<$5) cell phone accessory and a functionalized disposable microfluidic device. We evaluated the performance of the device using spiked PBS samples and HIV-infected and uninfected whole blood, and compared the microfluidic chip results with the manual analysis and flow cytometry results. Through t-tests, Bland-Altman analyses, and regression tests, we have shown a good agreement between the smartphone-based test and the manual and FACS analysis for CD4 count. The presented technology could have a significant impact on HIV management in developing countries through providing a reliable and inexpensive POC CD4 testing.