cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural Perspectives on Teachers’ Perceptions of Curriculum Theorizing: An Autobiographical Case Study

The autobiographical study revealed three Ph.D. students and inservice teachers’ perceptions of curriculum theorizing. Three teachers in the study are one from China, one in the United States and one from Saudi Arabia. Reflective journals, written philosophies of curriculum theorizing, and weekly discussions were used as the data to examine the three teachers’ perceptions through cultural lenses. With reference to Pinar’s (2012) Allegory, which consists of “horizontality,” “verticality,” and “Montage” in curriculum theorizing, three researchers and participants examined how their cultural backgrounds (verticality), teaching experiences, and doctoral learning experiences (horizontality) informed their perceptions of the curriculum. In the final part, three teachers also made the reflections on explained what might be an ideal state (Montage) of curriculum theorizing in the time of globalization.
Bond interface design for single lap joints using polymeric additive manufacturing

Abstract In this paper, the use of polymer additive manufacturing technology, also called 3D printing, for imparting texture to bond regions in adhesively bonded joints is explored. An improvement in the apparent shear strength values of adhesively bonded single lap joints is achieved by fusing structural reinforcements to the adherents through fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive technique. Towards that, computational models were first developed to simulate stress distribution along the overlap region of single lap shear joints, and four models that performed the best were chosen for physical testing. Pure adhesive (PA) joints were manufactured first, followed by the fabrication of 3D-printed adhesive (3D-PA) joints. Peak loads, shear stresses, and failure types were compared between these models. PA joints failed mainly adhesively, resulting in low peak loads and shear strength, whereas, 3D-PA joints registered higher average peak loads and shear strengths (increased by up to ≈ 832 %) with predominantly cohesive failure. 3D printed reinforcements appear to have imparted higher shear resistance against failure at the bond regions. Overall, using a combined computational and experimental approach, it is established that the 3D printed reinforcements have the potential to drastically improve the apparent shear strength of adhesively bonded single lap joints.
Engagement Across Cultures

The employee engagement problem is not limited to geographic boundaries; low employee engagement is pervasive among organizations around the world. Despite the ubiquitous nature of engagement, individuals’ reactions and responses are often bounded by their worldview and cultural background. These cultural differences have multiple dimensions, including uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and individualism. In this chapter, we evaluate the impact of these cultural differences by examining the results obtained in two very different cultures: Brazil and the United States.
Mass enucleation of cultured animal cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mass enucleation of cultured animal cells. The nuclei of animal cells growing as monolayers can be removed from the cells by centrifugation in nutrient medium containing the drug cytochalasin B. The procedure described contains modifications of the original method that permit more rapid and more efficient enucleation. Three other procedures for enucleation with cytochalasin B are also described. The availability of enucleated cells permits a number of otherwise difficult experiments on the individual roles of the nucleus and cytoplasm in a variety of cell activities. Cells are enucleated in nutrient medium containing 10 μg/ml of cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin is poorly soluble in aqueous media, and therefore the drug is prepared as a stock solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). One milligram of cytochalasin B is dissolved in 1 ml of DMSO, and 1 ml of this solution is added to 99 ml of nutrient medium to yield a concentration of 10 μg of drug per milliliter. The enucleated cells contain all the usual cytoplasmic components in approximately the usual amounts.
Ectropion Improvement with Topical Tazarotene in Children with Lamellar Ichthyosis.

Background/Objectives Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a well-described phenotypic subtype of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI). The condition typically presents at birth with collodion membrane and leads to thick, plate-like scaling of the skin throughout the body, alopecia, and prominent ocular manifestations. Ocular complications include bilateral cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos. These ocular complications can lead to chronic exposure keratitis and in some cases corneal ulceration and blindness. No cure for ichthyosis exists. Treatment of ocular complications in LI includes surgical correction, systemic retinoids, and a variety of topical therapies such as emollients, keratolytics, and retinoids. Methods Five children with LI cared for at our institution were identified and included. Patient age at the start of therapy ranged from 2 weeks to 9 years. Electronic medical records were reviewed and data from pediatric dermatologist and pediatric ophthalmologist visits were obtained. Data were collected before and after treatment of daily or twice-daily 0.05% to 0.1% tazarotene cream applied to the face and eyelids. Results All patients had improvement in the degree of ectropion, with complete resolution in two of the five patients. The two patients with lagophthalmos at the time of tazarotene initiation experienced complete resolution. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions Tazarotene cream appears to be effective in the management of ectropion and lagophthalmos in the setting of LI in children, even in the neonatal period.
Longitudinal modeling of multi-modal image contrast reveals patterns of early brain growth

The brain undergoes rapid development during early childhood as a series of biophysical and chemical processes occur, which can be observed in magnetic resonance (MR) images as a change over time of white matter intensity relative to gray matter. Such a contrast change manifests in specific patterns in different imaging modalities, suggesting that brain maturation is encoded by appearance changes in multi-modal MRI. In this paper, we explore the patterns of early brain growth encoded by multi-modal contrast changes in a longitudinal study of children. For a given modality, contrast is measured by comparing histograms of intensity distributions between white and gray matter. Multivariate non-linear mixed effects (NLME) modeling provides subject-specific as well as population growth trajectories which accounts for contrast from multiple modalities. The multivariate NLME procedure and resulting non-linear contrast functions enable the study of maturation in various regions of interest. Our analysis of several brain regions in a study of 70 healthy children reveals a posterior to anterior pattern of timing of maturation in the major lobes of the cerebral cortex, with posterior regions maturing earlier than anterior regions. Furthermore, we find significant differences between maturation rates between males and females.
Relaxing the Integral Test: A Challenge for the Advanced Calculus Student

Illustrative, elementary counterexamples are hard to come by. In this note we propose an elementary, closed-form counterexample to a generalization of the classic integral test where the condition ...
Coronary microvascular Kv1 channels as regulatory sensors of intracellular pyridine nucleotide redox potential

Smooth muscle voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are important regulators of microvascular tone and tissue perfusion. Recent studies indicate that Kv1 channels represent a key component of the physiological coupling between coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand. While the mechanisms by which metabolic changes in the heart are transduced to alter coronary Kv1 channel gating and promote vasodilation are unclear, a growing body of evidence underscores a pivotal role of Kv1 channels in sensing the cellular redox status. Here, we discuss current knowledge of mechanisms of Kv channel redox regulation with respect to pyridine nucleotide modulation of Kv1 function via ancillary Kvβ proteins as well as direct modulation of channel activity via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We identify areas of additional research to address the integration of regulatory processes under altered physiological and pathophysiological conditions that may reveal insights into novel treatment strategies for conditions in which the matching of coronary blood supply and myocardial oxygen demand is compromised.
Quinoids as Reactive Intermediates in Estrogen Carcinogenesis

The risk/benefits of traditional estrogen replacement therapy. Recent data indicate that only 30% of postmenopausal women in the United States are currently receiving estrogen replacement therapy (Harris et al., 1990). This is in spite of the proven health benefits of estrogen replacement therapy that has been shown not only to improve the quality of life for women but also has extended the life span for women. The benefits of estrogen replacement therapy include the relief of menopausal symptoms, a substantial reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis (Grodstein et al., 1997) and a possible correlation between the reduced risk of stroke (Paganinihill, 1995) and Alzheimer’s disease (Wickelgren, 1997; Henderson, 1997; Haskell, 1997). However, many women fear traditional estrogen replacement therapy because of the clear association between excessive exposure to estrogens and the development of cancer in several tissues including breast, endometrium, liver, and kidney (Henderson et al., 1988; Liehr, 1990; Bolton et al., 1998). As a result, the consequences of estrogen deficiency versus the potential risks of estrogen replacement therapy, especially the ability of estrogens to initiate and/or promote the carcinogenic process, remains a highly controversial issue.
The association of prescription status, patient age, patient gender, and patient question asking behavior with the content of pharmacist-patient communication.

Purpose and Methods. Data from 358 pharmacist−patient encounters in 12 community pharmacies were used to investigate the association of prescription status, patient age, patient gender, and patient question asking with the content of pharmacist−patient communication.
Proteomics of membrane proteins.

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the proteomics of the membrane proteins. As an increasing number of genomes are sequenced and a growing number of membrane proteins are identified, the gap in knowledge about the structure and function of these proteins is likely to increase. Moreover, in the post-genomic era, with proteomics emerging as a new field directed at the structural and functional assessment of the entire complement of proteins in a given organism, the limitations of working with large membrane proteins will present a formidable challenge. Intrinsic or integral membrane proteins (IMPs) include many of the most important proteins found in cells and thus need to be fully covered in proteomics. Although 2D gels are undoubtedly a powerful tool in proteomics, some classes of IMPs are poorly represented in such analyses. The major premise of 2D gel technology is that expression changes can be visualized by changes in spot intensity and changes in isoelectric point and/or electrophoretic mobility. Alternative separation techniques incorporating the mass spectra of intact proteins provide a means to track subtle covalent changes that would go unseen in a 2D analysis and thus a battery of techniques are under development. The field is new and much intellectual space remains to be explored, especially with respect to the separation of complex mixtures of membrane proteins and the miniaturization of these methods.
The Neuroprotective Peptide NAP Does Not Directly Affect Polymerization or Dynamics of Reconstituted Neural Microtubules

NAP (Asn-Ala-Pro-Val-Ser-Ile-Pro-Gln) is a neuroprotective peptide that shows cognitive protection in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to Alzheimer's disease. NAP exhibits potent neuroprotective properties in several in vivo and cellular models of neural injury. While NAP has been found in many studies to affect microtubule assembly and/or stability in neuronal and glial cells at fM concentrations, it has remained unclear whether NAP acts directly or indirectly on tubulin or microtubules. We analyzed the effects of NAP (1 fM-1 µM) on the assembly of reconstituted bovine brain microtubules in vitro and found that it did not significantly ( p< 0.05) alter polymerization of either purified tubulin or of a mixture of tubulin and unfractionated microtubule-associated proteins. NAP also had no significant effect ( p< 0.05) on the growing and shortening dynamics of steady-state microtubules at their plus ends, nor did it alter the polymerization or dynamics of microtubules assembled in the presence of 3-repeat or 4-repeat tau. Thus, the neuroprotective activity of NAP does not appear to involve a direct action on the polymerization or dynamics of purified tubulin or microtubules.
A latent crosslinkable PCL-based polyurethane: Synthesis, shape memory, and enzymatic degradation

Seeking a latent-crosslinkable, mechanically flexible, fully thermoplastic shape memory polymer, we have developed a simple but effective macromolecular design that includes pendent crosslinking sites via the chain extender of a polyurethane architecture bearing semicrystalline poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) soft segments. This new composition was used to prepare fibrous mats by electrospinning and films by solvent casting, each containing thermal initiators for chemical crosslinking. The one-step synthesis strategy proved successful, and the crosslinking sites within PCL segments resulted in two-way (reversible) shape memory: repeatable elongation (cooling) and contraction (heating) under constant tensile stress. Being fully characterized, the crosslinked fiber mats revealed promising one-way and two-way (reversible) shape memory phenomena, with lower storage moduli though, compared to uncrosslinked films. We observed for both fibrous mats and films that increasing the applied tensile stress led to greater crystallization-induced elongation upon cooling as well as smaller strain hysteresis, particularly for covalently crosslinked samples. Relevant to medical applications, the materials were observed to feature unique, two-stage enzymatic degradation that was sensitive to differences in crystallinity and microstructure among samples.
Effect size measures for multilevel models: definition, interpretation, and TIMSS example

Effect size reporting is crucial for interpretation of applied research results and for conducting meta-analysis. However, clear guidelines for reporting effect size in multilevel models have not been provided. This report suggests and demonstrates appropriate effect size measures including the ICC for random effects and standardized regression coefficients or f2 for fixed effects. Following this, complexities associated with reporting R2 as an effect size measure are explored, as well as appropriate effect size measures for more complex models including the three-level model and the random slopes model. An example using TIMSS data is provided.
Correct knowledge of medical cannabis legal status in one's own state: Differences between adolescents and adults in the United States, 2004–2013

Abstract Background Studies have found age-specific effects of medical cannabis laws (MCLs), particularly affecting adult cannabis use but not adolescent use. We examined whether age differences in MCL knowledge are in accordance with age differences in MCL effects on cannabis use. Methods Data from the 2004–2013 repeated cross-sectional National Surveys on Drug Use and Health included people ages 12 and older in the United States. State-aggregated MCL knowledge was the proportion of people that correctly identified living in a state that did not allow medical cannabis prior to MCL enactment, or that allowed medical cannabis after MCL enactment. We regressed state-aggregated MCL knowledge on time-varying MCL enactment (i.e., no MCL by 2015, before MCL, after MCL), testing associations by age strata (12–17, 18–25, 26+), open dispensary status, and adjusting for time and state-level demographics. Results Model-based MCL knowledge was significantly lower among adolescents than adults; after enactment, 36.8% of ages 12–17, 48.8% of ages 18–25, and 45.4% of ages 26+ were aware of their state's MCL status. Correct MCL status knowledge decreased across all age groups after MCL enactment (i.e., low knowledge of MCL changes at the time they occurred). Open cannabis dispensaries significantly increased correct MCL knowledge, with a 7.7-point increase for adolescents and a 17.5-point increase for adults 26 + . Conclusions Lower MCL knowledge among adolescents than adults was in accordance with MCL effects on cannabis use previously observed among adults only. Studies should assess whether MCL knowledge is a consequence or predictor of individual-level cannabis use across age groups.
The arts of poverty politics: Real Change

This paper explores disruptive poverty politics arising from creative activisms that challenge homelessness/impoverishment. We analyze forms and potentials of creative activisms that challenge hege...
NRG1 functions downstream of EDS1 to regulate TIR-NLR-mediated plant immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants involves a large family of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors, including Toll/IL-1 receptor-NLRs (TNLs) and coiled-coil NLRs (CNLs). Although various NLR immune receptors are known, a mechanistic understanding of NLR function in ETI remains unclear. The TNL Recognition of XopQ 1 (Roq1) recognizes the effectors XopQ and HopQ1 from Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas, respectively, which activates resistance to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Xanthomonas gardneri in an Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1)-dependent way in Nicotiana benthamiana In this study, we found that the N. benthamiana N requirement gene 1 (NRG1), a CNL protein required for the tobacco TNL protein N-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, is also essential for immune signaling [including hypersensitive response (HR)] triggered by the TNLs Roq1 and Recognition of Peronospora parasitica 1 (RPP1), but not by the CNLs Bs2 and Rps2, suggesting that NRG1 may be a conserved key component in TNL signaling pathways. Besides EDS1, Roq1 and NRG1 are necessary for resistance to Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas in N. benthamiana NRG1 functions downstream of Roq1 and EDS1 and physically associates with EDS1 in mediating XopQ-Roq1-triggered immunity. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis showed that XopQ-triggered gene-expression profile changes in N. benthamiana were almost entirely mediated by Roq1 and EDS1 and were largely regulated by NRG1. Overall, our study demonstrates that NRG1 is a key component that acts downstream of EDS1 to mediate various TNL signaling pathways, including Roq1 and RPP1-mediated HR, resistance to Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas, and XopQ-regulated transcriptional changes in N. benthamiana.
Developing organogel-based Pickering emulsions with improved freeze-thaw stability and hesperidin bioaccessibility

Abstract Soybean oil-based organogel was structured using monostearin, and the organogel had a gel-sol melting temperature of 44.0 °C. Loading amount of hesperidin in soybean oil-based organogels could be about twice as much as metastable solubility of hesperidin in soybean oil. Organogel-in-water Pickering emulsion was formed using the soybean oil-based organogel as the oil phase and ovotransferrin (OVT) fibrils as the emulsifier. Visual observation indicated that organogel-based Pickering emulsions stabilized by OVT fibrils (40 mg/mL) at oil fractions of 0.50–0.85 had excellent storage stability and could withstand three cycles of freeze-thaw treatments. Conventional oil-in-water Pickering emulsion was prepared as control to better understand impact of organogel incorporation on freeze-thaw stability, and conventional Pickering emulsion was formed using soybean oil as the oil phase and OVT fibrils as the emulsifier. Freeze-thaw stability of organogel-based Pickering emulsions was better than that of conventional Pickering emulsions (without organogel) stabilized by OVT fibrils. In vitro digestion study revealed that organogel-based Pickering emulsion could improve both the extent of lipolysis and hesperidin bioaccessibility when compared with organogel. This study demonstrates the feasibility of formulating novel food-grade organogel-based Pickering emulsions with high nutraceutical loading, excellent freeze-thaw stability and improved nutraceutical bioaccessibility.
Biofilm and diabetic foot ulcer healing: all hat and no cattle.

Is there evidence that biofilm has an important role in the etiology of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers? Biofilm is touted as the new reason for wound chronicity that has until recently been an unrecognized cause of our failures in wound healing. The term biofilm is not new. Historically it has been associated with recalcitrant infections in patients with orthopaedic implants. Recently, the wound healing literature has proposed that biofilm essentially acts as a protector of bacteria resulting in colonization, infection and impaired healing. Many pharmaceutical companies tout new anti-biofilm products. There is a new focus on animal studies with biofilm infections, and clinical studies with antibiofilm products. However, there is very little real clinical evidence that biofilm impedes diabetic wound healing.
Basic Immunohistochemistry Panels

Several immunohistochemical stains are generally performed in the evaluation of a cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate. However, the selection of stains varies significantly depending on the pattern and composition of the infiltrate. Recognition of technical problems and positivity thresholds is also important in the interpretation of special stains.
Abstract 669: Dynamic modeling of responses to PDL-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for precision combination therapy

Immunotherapy by immune checkpoint blockade has had a promising impact on the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Although single and combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors such as PDL-1 inhibitors have been proved to be effective in making the survival of patients with NSCLC longer, but there is always a population of patients which shows resistance to these therapeutic modalities. The source of resistance emerges from signaling pathways and regulatory systems in tumors and the immune system, but the dynamics among tumor components, T cells, and tumor microenvironment contribute in this process as well. To understand the complex system of these interactions, a mathematical model of these pathways and interactions are presented using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The specific characteristics of NSCLC tumors including metabolic reprogramming have been considered in this model. The model is capable of decoding patient-to-patient variabilities regarding responses to PDL-1 inhibitors, and parameter-sensitivity analysis shows the vulnerable biomarkers to be targeted by combination therapy to give better results in killing the tumor cells. The model can be integrated with PK/PD models to provide an in-silico platform for investigating the therapeutic responses in NSCLC for precision oncology. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Iman Tavassoly. Dynamic modeling of responses to PDL-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for precision combination therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 669.
Molecular imaging to guide precision diagnosis and prevention of cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction

Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is now increasingly recognized as an important cause of cardiotoxicity, with subclinical cardiac dysfunction identified in up to 42% of patie...
Diagnostic evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) colitis: The role of CT scan.

821Background: CPI therapy has expanded rapidly in recent years and represents a major advancement in the treatment of many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and colon ca...
Positive Pressure Nasal Irrigation Decreases Upper Respiratory Symptoms in an Adult Urban College Population

Background: The Schnozzle is a smooth tip adapter, attached to a syringe which forms a seal within the nostrils to enable quick and effective flow nasal lavage. The Schnozzle syringe adaptor improves the ability to routinely clear the nasal passages for all patients with positive pressure reduce upper respiratory symptoms such as, nasal and sinus congestion. The purpose of this project was to analyze if the Schnozzle nasal irrigation product is effective in reducing upper respiratory symptoms related to nasal and sinus congestion in adults, in an urban university population. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 29 voluntary participants with nasal or sinus congestion were instructed in the nasal irrigation procedure and completed an anonymous survey. Using a 60 cc syringe with a Schnozzle syringe tip adapter, participants instilled 60 cc of normal saline solution (NSS) into each naris, twice per day for 10 days. Additionally, volunteers were instructed to position their head horizontally and hold their breath as they administered the normal saline solution to ensure they filled the sinus cavity and drain out the opposite naris avoiding the lower airways. Survey assessments included reason for participant interest, compliance, frequency, signs and symptoms, mucus color and changes, comfort, medication use, and alternative outcomes. The 29 adult participants were separated into a compliant and non-compliant group. Compliance for this research was determined as those participants who documented routine nasal irrigation twice per day for 10 consecutive days. Excel (version 2010) was utilized to analyze data and the Chi square test was used to determine significance of reported outcomes within the 2 groups. Results: Participants in the compliant group reported a decrease in headaches, coughing, and work of breathing (ie, easier to breathe) which was statistically significant (P Conclusions: Adult using positive pressure nasal irrigation for a 10-day period are more likely to experience a decrease in upper respiratory symptoms and find it easier to breathe. The decrease in upper respiratory symptoms may be related to reduced inflammation and secretions prompted by pushing secretions out of the nasal and sinus cavities.
The Application of Human Factors Research to Improve Urological Care

In this chapter, the authors discuss errors that occur in urological surgery. Issues in the areas of communication, teamwork, coordination, usability, and situational awareness will reveal why efficiency in each of these areas may prevent mistakes from occurring and how utilizing techniques from the field of human factors may further contribute to such preventative measures.
A Babe in the Woods: An Essay on Kirby Lumber and the Evolution of Corporate Law

This essay examines the development of corporate law during the time span of the author's career, focusing on the interrelated subjects of valuation, corporate purpose, and shareholder litigation
Reconstructing Adam Smith's Politics

I divide this introduction to my book in progress, Reconstructing Adam Smith's Politics, into three parts. In Part 1, I give an overview of Smith's politics and how it fits together. This analysis shows that Smith anticipated many of the central questions that animate modern political science; notably, why are some countries rich and developed while others not? How do we explain different regime types across countries, including dictatorship and representative democracy? What accounts for different patterns of trade policies? And how do we account for the different behavior of empires; in particular, why were the British Colonies so rich? As I show, Smith's approach to politics and the answers he provides are surprisingly modern. I intend Part 2 to be the heart of the analysis with a systematic, in-depth discussion of a dozen or more political-economic topics covered by Smith. As the book remains in early stages, I concentrate in this draft on four of Smith's separate discussions that, in toto, provide a powerful explanation of the centuries-long lack of development of feudal Europe. In part 3, I discuss several general theses that emerge from Smith's politics; namely: the role of liberty as the foundation of an economy; the importance of violence in his political-economics; the central role of concepts of credible commitment and political exchange; why some countries are rich while most are poor; and methodological issues, such as the use of equilibrium and comparative statics as well as dynamics.
A hybrid off-line/on-line quality control approach for real-time monitoring of high-density datasets

Recent advancements in measurement systems have brought new opportunities to enhance the performance of quality control (QC) systems in modern manufacturing. Digital cameras and optical scanners are among these advanced measurement systems that are used for automated surface inspection. They can represent an entire product’s surface with high-density (HD) data in the forms of digital images and point clouds, respectively. Although both measurement systems provide HD data, their datasets are fundamental different and contain different information regarding a part’s surface. Extensive research efforts have been conducted to develop QC tools for each of these datasets individually; however, little research has focused on taking advantage of both point clouds and digital images simultaneously. To fully take advantage of information from both datasets, and more importantly their spatial cross correlation, this paper aims to use fused image/point cloud datasets to advance the capability of QC systems. A key challenge in incorporating both datasets is that the costs of acquiring data from these measurement systems differ drastically, making online monitoring using fused datasets less appealing. To overcome this challenge, a novel off-line/on-line hybrid monitoring scheme is proposed. The effectiveness of this proposed hybrid monitoring scheme is demonstrated with an additive manufacturing case study.
Considerations for the Extension of Gas Path Analysis To Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Systems

Aircraft operators rely on gas path analysis techniques for monitoring the performance and health of their gas turbine engine assets. This is accomplished by analyzing discernable shifts in measurement parameters acquired from the engine. This paper reviews the founding mathematical principles of gas path analysis, including conventional approaches applied for estimating engine performance deterioration. Considerations for extending the application of gas path analysis techniques to Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) systems is also discussed, and simulated results from their application to an EAP concept comprised of turbomachinery and electrical system hardware is provided. Results are provided comparing the parameter estimation accuracy offered by taking a whole-system approach towards the problem setup versus that offered by analyzing each subsystem individually. For the latter, the importance of having accurate direct or inferred measurements of external mechanical torque loads placed upon turbomachinery shafts is emphasized.
Sacral nerve stimulator success after filum section for refractory dysfunctional voiding

Summary Introduction Filum section (FS) has been used to treat tethered cord syndrome (on MRI or occult) in pediatric patients with refractory dysfunctional voiding (DV). While controversial, some groups have previously reported significant improvement in patients’ symptoms after FS, even in the presence of a normal preoperative spinal MRI. Until recently, it was our practice to refer patients with DV to pediatric neurosurgery for evaluation, MRI, and possible FS. Objectives We report our experience with sacral nerve stimulator (SNS) placement for pediatric patients with refractory DV after failed FS with the primary outcome being complications and explantations. The secondary outcome being change in quality of life. Study design We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients Results Overall, 23 children proceeded to the second stage SNS due to persistent symptoms following FS. Median age at SNS implantation was 10.3 years (IQR 7.5–11.8 years), and 13 were female (56.5%). There were no intraoperative complications. Median follow-up was 2.8 years (IQR 1.1–3.7 years). One patient had the SNS removed due to a need for MRI, one for resolution of symptoms, and 4 patients underwent lead revision for lead fracture and return of symptoms (17.4%). All 15 patients who completed both preoperative and postoperative PedsQL reported significantly improved overall scores after SNS (Figure). Median scores improved from 61.7 to 86.7 (p Discussion Symptom relief in the child with refractory DV using SNS is not new. However, we sought to review our results in those with previous FS for tethered cord syndrome. While our study is limited by its small size, we assessed both surgical and patient-reported outcomes. Our patients’ marked improvement in quality of life is similar to that of other reported pediatric SNS cohorts. Conclusion SNS placement after FS is feasible, safe, and can result in significant improvement in overall quality of life. Given these findings, we have changed our practice to offer SNS in patients with refractory DV with a normal lumbosacral spinal MRI. For those with MRI abnormalities, we seek neurosurgical evaluation for FS (if deemed necessary) prior to considering SNS. Download : Download high-res image (335KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Figure . PedsQL™ scores pre- and postoperatively after sacral nerve stimulator implantation.
Trajectory Prediction via Learning Motion Cluster Patterns in Curvilinear Coordinates

A high proportion of crashes happen at or near intersections. To improve intersection safety, trajectory prediction of vehicles has been studied intensively, mostly for automated vehicle (AV) and advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) applications. These approaches with vehicle-mounted sensors still suffer from limited detection range or occluded views. In this work, we propose to perform trajectory prediction on surveillance cameras. As Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technology enables low-latency wireless communication, warnings from our prediction algorithm can be sent to vehicles in real-time. Our approach consists of an offline learning phase and an online prediction phase. The offline phase learns common motion patterns from clustering and finds prototype trajectories for each cluster, and updates the prediction model. The online phase predicts the future trajectories for incoming vehicles assuming they follow one of the motion patterns learned from the offline phase. We adopted a long short-term memory encoder-decoder (LSTM-ED) model for the task of trajectory prediction. We also explored the usage of a Curvilinear Coordinate System (CCS), which utilizes the learned prototype and simplifies the trajectory representation. Our model is also able to handle noisy data and variable-length trajectories. Our proposed approach outperforms the baseline Gaussian Process (GP) model, and shows sufficient reliability when evaluated on collected intersection data.
Breeding Bird Communities in a Naturally Fragemented Forest Ecosystem in Grand Teton National Park

This project examined the bird species breeding in the morainal forests on the valley floor in Grand Teton National Park. These forests are very patchily distributed and range in size from less than 1 hectare to over 700 hectares, allowing for a unique opportunity to study the responses of the local bird species to a forest system that has been fragmented for centuries through natural processes. This information can be useful for predicting the potential long-term impacts of human-caused forest fragmentation on bird populations in western North America. Until quite recently very little was known of the tolerances of western forest bird species to habitat fragmentation and this project could represent an important step towards understanding their needs in this regard.
Integrative Technology Engineering Emergent Behavior into Materials and Systems

Integrative technology, the merging of nanotechnology, biotechnology and informatics offers an opportunity for realizing true advances in the manner in which technology interacts with humanity. Using the power of nanotechnology to manipulate matter, that is the placing of molecule’s where we want, when we want, to perform functions that we want. Using the inspiration of biotechnology both to co-opt the tools of molecular manufacturing and to provide a baseline understanding of the way nature manipulates matter and information. And finally, using Informatics to create a robust framework for transforming the information implicit in molecular and larger scale interactions to engineer Complex Adaptive Systems that exhibit embedded higher-order behavior. Collectively these technologies established the basis for Integrative Technology, a new IT. The first examples of the implementation of Integrated Technology are manifested in the synthesis of a new class of smart materials. These materials have the potential to emulate much of the functionality associated with living systems such as the active transport and transformation of matter and information and, the transduction of energy into different forms. We will present the details of the technological demands and the results of efforts associated with the production of these new functional materials. Elements of the discussion will include the genetic engineering of active biological molecules into engineering building blocks, the precision assembly of these molecules into a stable, “active” material and, the promise of embedding intelligent behavior into the matrix of the assembled matter.
Cold Gas in Elliptical Galaxies

A significant fraction (at least 10%) of ellipticals contains detectable amounts of HI and CO. For ellipticals neither the content nor the kinematics of the gas are related to the stellar component, quite contrary to the situation for spiral galaxies. The total amounts of gas are small, typically between 108 and 109 M⊙. These gaseous disks do resemble gaseous disks in spirals, the HI is very extended, while the CO is centrally peaked and very regular rotation occurs.
Crystallization of Polymers: Crystallization kinetics of polymer mixtures

Introduction A large number of studies concerned with the crystallization kinetics of polymer–polymer mixtures have been reported. One reason for this abundance of information is a basic scientific interest coupled with the many ramifications that are inherent to such systems. There is also a pragmatic interest since physical and mechanical properties, as well as environmental features, can be altered and controlled by the appropriate mixing of polymeric components. It is useful to follow the same methodology used in discussing the equilibrium aspects of crystalline polymer–polymer mixtures (see Chapter 4, Volume 1) when analyzing their crystallization kinetics. The nature of the melt and the pathway followed during the course of the transformation are important factors in governing the crystallization kinetics of binary mixtures. Depending on the molecular weight, the structural regularity of the chain and the value of the interaction parameter χ 1 , the blends can be either completely miscible over the complete composition range, partially miscible or completely immiscible. Phase separation may occur upon increasing or decreasing the temperature, depending on the change in χ 1 . Thus a lower or upper critical solution temperature, or both, can be observed. In order for a proper analysis to be made of the crystallization kinetics in blends, it is important that the complete phase diagram be established for partially miscible systems.
igneous origin for the Na in the cloud of Io

We heated mixtures of sulfur and Na-bearing silicates in evacuated silica glass capsules to temperatures between 600°C and 950°C. At or above 850°C, Na-silicate glass reacts with elemental S to form a (Na,K) sulfide. Mobilization of this phase may account for the presence of Na and K on the surface of Io, and hence in the material sputtered into the Jovian magnetosphere.
Access, utility, imperfection: The impact of videoconferencing on perceptions of social presence

The intent of the research study was to identify relationships between the use of videoconferencing in meetings and what perceptions of social presence may exist related to age, gender, and usage compared to face-to-face meetings. Employees from a large Midwestern University Information Technology division who utilize videoconferencing to facilitate meetings as an alternative to face-to-face meetings were surveyed to assess experiences, perceptions, and satisfaction. Female and male employees (N=157), ranging in age from 18 to over 50years of age, provided the frequency of usage, and responded to questions related to perceptions of social presence. Quantitative analysis of the resulting data supported the hypothesis that one of the independent variables, gender, had a positive impact on perceptions of social presence. Brief interviews further elucidated the quantitative findings. While videoconferencing seems to have drawbacks, accessibility, flexibility, and utility are important aspects that are clear from participants' perceptions of videoconferencing.
Barriers to adherence among adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe barriers to adherence among adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to examine demographic, disease-related, and treatment regimen-related correlates of adherence barriers using a multimethod reporting strategy. A final goal was to examine relationships between the frequencies of barriers and levels of nonadherence. Methods: In all, 64 adolescents (ages 11–18) participated, along with 61 mothers and 25 fathers. Barriers to adherence and ratings of medication adherence were assessed via patient and parent reports. Disease activity ratings were provided by pediatric gastroenterologists. Results: Lack of time and medication side effects were commonly reported barriers across adolescent, mother, and father reports. Other adolescent-reported barriers included missing medication due to feeling well or discontinuing medication based on the belief that the medication was not working. The prevalence of adherence barriers was not consistently associated with adolescent age, sex, time since diagnosis, or disease activity. Adolescents whose regimen involved more than 1 daily medication administration had more adherence barriers based on adolescent and maternal report than did those whose regimen involved 1 or less than 1 daily medication administration. Finally, adherence barriers were significantly higher among families reporting imperfect adherence as compared to those reporting perfect adherence. Conclusions: Barriers to medication adherence do exist among adolescents with IBD and may have negative implications for medication adherence. Systematic assessment of barriers during routine medical appointments may help to identify and modify these barriers and ultimately improve adherence. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010
Targeting women in German and Japanese magazine advertising: A difference‐in‐differences approach

The goal of this paper is to present the difference‐in‐differences approach as statistical methodology specifically to address the importance of identifying culture‐specific advertising strategies when targeting global market segments. In applying this methodology to advertising research, the study analyses German and Japanese magazine advertising targeting women in four dimensions: advertisement format, usage of models, male and female role portrayal and value appeals. Despite some apparent transnational similarities in advertising aimed at women, the difference‐in‐differences analysis reveals marked cross‐cultural differences in the way that marketers adapt their strategies in the women’s market. The results indicate that non‐traditional approaches in targeting women seem to be far more culturally specific than the traditional ones, and that the male role portrayal, which has not yet gained much attention in research, is the crucial element of non‐traditional approaches in the Japanese women’s magazine.
Competition effects in proton-induced reactions on ^(51)V

Absolute cross sections for the reactions ^(51)V(p, γ)^(52)Cr and ^(51)V(p, n)^(51)Cr have been measured for laboratory bombarding energies from E_p =0.93 MeV to E_p = 4.47 MeV. Above the (p, n) threshold (Q = −1.534 MeV), competition from the neutron decay channel causes the (p, γ) cross section to decrease by a factor of about three. The experimental cross sections for both reactions are described well by current versions of “global” Hauser-Feshbach models, if (i) width fluctuation corrections are included (in the Tepei approximation), (ii) realistic neutron transmission functions which include the effects of size resonances are used and (iii) isospin mixing is assumed to be complete.
On the natural frequencies of high-speed spindles with angular contact bearings

Experimental evidence has shown that the natural frequencies of a high-speed spindle decrease with increasing rotational speeds. While this phenomenon is important to the design and operation of hi...
Coccidiosis: experimental design considerations for evaluating anticoccidial agents in floor-pen and field trials.

Abstract Trials to evaluate the efficacy and practicality of a coccidiostat should be designed so that each is independent but that a group of trials meets the requirements needed for analysis as one overall experiment by the method of least squares. Important criteria are bird weight, feed conversion, mortality, and intestinal lesion scores. The importance of uniform pen size is minimized since data from birds reared in pens of 50–5000 birds are equally valid. A sampling procedure ( n 1 3 ) is advanced as the most practical approach for monitoring lesion scores at periodic intervals during the life of the broiler trial. Various environmental and management modifications for promotion of symptoms of coccidiosis are discussed. Using the above experimental design concepts, it is shown how data from a 13-trial experiment were summarized and statistically analyzed by the least squares analysis.
The Army Dental Service in Vietnam

The Army Dental Service in Vietnam contributes to the maintenance of morale in oddition to providing efficient dental care for military personnel and Vietnamese civilians.
Prophylactic aortic valve replacement in older patients for mild aortic stenosis during coronary bypass surgery.

Coronary bypass surgery (CBS) is performed in many older patients who frequently also have mild calcific aortic stenosis. It is important that a correct assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis is done by calculating the aortic valve area. Mild aortic stenosis is aortic valve area >1.5 cm(2), >0.9 cm(2)/m(2); severe aortic stenosis is aortic valve area < or =1.0 cm(2), < or =0.6 cm(2)/m(2). Patients who have severe aortic stenosis should have aortic valve replacement (AVR) at the time of CBS. Patients with mild aortic stenosis should not have AVR simultaneously with CBS because: 1) patients having AVR+CBS have a higher operative and 10-year mortality; 2) prosthetic heart valves are associated with a complication rate of 2%-6% per year; and 3) only about 12% of patients with mild aortic stenosis will have developed severe aortic stenosis in 10 years. Performing AVR for mild aortic stenosis at the time of CBS will probably result in 91 unnecessary AVRs and 29 excess deaths in 10 years.