cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of phospholipides associated with cell division

Abstract Male Holtzman rats 6–7 months old were partially hepatectomized and sacrificed 18 hr. or 3 days later. Five hours prior to sacrifice, acriflavine at a level of 2 mg./100 g. body weight was administered subcutaneously to the experimental (treated) animals, and 1 hr. prior to sacrifice both the treated and untreated rats received a subcutaneous injection containing 0.45 μc. P32/g. body weight. The uptake of P32 and total P in the acid-soluble, lecithin, cephalin, sphingomyelin, and DNA fractions, and the amounts of di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaenoic acids were measured in the livers of all animals. The uptake of P32 in livers of unoperated control animals was much more rapid in the cephalin than in either the lecithin or sphingomyelin fractions. During “regeneration” following partial hepatectomy, the P32 uptake in the lecithin fraction increased markedly, reaching a maximum at 3 days when mitotic activity was highest. During this period, uptake in the sphingomyelin was increased to a smaller extent, while that in the cephalin fraction was not elevated prior to the onset of mitosis (18 hr.), but was elevated slightly and nonsignificantly at 3 days. Acriflavine, a preprophase inhibitor, caused a marked inhibition of P32 uptake in all of the phospholipides and in DNA in the animals 18 hr. following partial hepatectomy; 3 days afterward it markedly inhibited mitosis but had little or no effect on the incorporation of P32 into the phospholipides. This suggests that the increased phosphorylation of lecithin shown to be associated with mitosis occurs during preprophase processes. The data do not bear out a relationship between unsaturated fatty acid concentrations and mitosis.
Flight-like ground demonstration of precision formation flying spacecraft

Initial high-fidelity, flight-like ground demonstrations of precision formation flying spacecraft are presented. In these demonstrations, maneuvers required for distributed spacecraft interferometry, such as for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer, were performed to near-flight precision. Synchronized formation rotations for "on-the-fly" observations require the highest precision. For this maneuver, ground demonstration performance requirements are 5 cm in relative position and 6 arc minutes in attitude. These requirements have been met for initial demonstrations of formation-keeping and synchronized formation rotations. The maneuvers were demonstrated in the Formation Control Testbed (FCT). The FCT currently consists of two, five degree-of-freedom, air bearing-levitated robots. The final sixth degree-of-freedom is being added in August 2007. Each robot has a suite of flight-like avionics and actuators, including a star tracker, fiber-optic gyroscopes, reaction wheels, cold-gas thrusters, inter-robot communication, and on-board computers that run the Formation and Attitude Control System (FACS) software. The FCT robots and testbed environment are described in detail. Then several initial demonstrations results are presented, including (i) a sub-millimeter formation sensor, (ii) an algorithm for synchronizing control cycles across multiple vehicles, (iii) formation keeping, (iv) reactive collision avoidance, and (iv) synchronized formation rotations.
“I'M PREPARED FOR ANYTHING NOW”: STUDENT TEACHER AND COOPERATING TEACHER INTERACTION AS A CRITICAL FACTOR IN DETERMINING THE PREPARATION OF “QUALITY” ELEMENTARY READING TEACHERS

This research is an examination of the interactions between 19 pairs of student teachers and cooperating teachers engaged in guided reading instruction in Grades 1 through 3. As the basis for the study, the authors analyzed interaction patterns through conducting content analysis (Van Sluys, Lewison, & Seely Flint, 2006) and discourse analysis (Gee, 2005) over semi-structured interviews (Seidman, 2006) focused around learning to teach reading. Through a theoretical lens of imitation, guidance, and scaffolding based on Granott's (1993) work, the authors analyzed the interview transcripts to identify perceptions of behavior patterns between the student teachers and cooperating teachers. The authors also conducted a cross-comparison analysis of the similarity in reporting between each partner to examine the extent to which the pairs corroborated one another's perceptions. Findings for the study include high levels of imitative interaction between cooperating teachers and student teachers in areas of reading ...
Star tracker based ATP system conceptual design and pointing accuracy estimation

A star tracker based beaconless (a.k.a. non-cooperative beacon) acquisition, tracking and pointing concept for precisely pointing an optical communication beam is presented as an innovative approach to extend the range of high bandwidth (> 100 Mbps) deep space optical communication links throughout the solar system and to remove the need for a ground based high power laser as a beacon source. The basic approach for executing the ATP functions involves the use of stars as the reference sources from which the attitude knowledge is obtained and combined with high bandwidth gyroscopes for propagating the pointing knowledge to the beam pointing mechanism. Details of the conceptual design are presented including selection of an orthogonal telescope configuration and the introduction of an optical metering scheme to reduce misalignment error. Also, estimates are presented that demonstrate that aiming of the communications beam to the Earth based receive terminal can be achieved with a total system pointing accuracy of better than 850 nanoradians (3 sigma) from anywhere in the solar system.
Novel poly(paraphenylene)s via nucleophilic aromatic substitution of poly(4′-fluoro-2,5-diphenyl sulfone)

Poly(4‘-fluoro-2,5-diphenyl sulfone) was synthesized via Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling and was reacted with various nucleophiles via aromatic substitution (SNAr) to produce derivatized poly(paraphenylene) (PPP) thermoplastics and thermosets. Substitution by the nucleophiles was determined to be nearly quantitative by GPC and 1H NMR. The largest increase in the glass transition temperature relative to poly(4‘-fluoro-2,5-diphenyl sulfone) was from 144 °C to 189 °C after displacement of fluoride with morpholine to give poly(4‘-morpholino-2,5-diphenyl sulfone). Two graft copolymers were synthesized with low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a poly(arylene ether ketone) (PAEK). The resulting PEO graft copolymer was soluble in water and in polar, aprotic solvents. The PAEK graft copolymer produced transparent, creasable PPP-based films that had 5% weight loss temperatures in nitrogen and air of 510 and 513 °C, respectively. Furthermore, a PPP epoxy cure agent was synthesized by the reaction of 4-aminop...
The effect of pattern density and wire diameter on the growth rate of micron diameter silicon wires

Abstract Silicon microwires (SiMWs) were grown by the vapor–liquid–solid process using gold thin films and gold patterned Si substrates. By precisely controlling the volume of gold within each pore, one wire of the desired wire diameter can be grown from each pore for wires with diameters up to 3 μm. The growth rate was found to decrease with increasing wire density for a constant wire diameter. Additionally, the micron diameter wires exhibited a decreasing growth rate with increasing wire diameter. This was further confirmed by experiments carried out using a gold thin film, where the diameter-dependent growth rate was observed to change from increasing with wire diameter in the small wire diameter range to a reduction in the growth rate for wire diameters greater than 1.25 μm. The decrease in growth rate with diameter for large diameter wires was determined to arise from the time required for the Au–Si droplet to supersaturate once exposed to the SiCl4 precursor, as confirmed by growths with durations shorter than the nucleation time.
Stent fracture, an incidental finding or a significant marker of clinical in-stent restenosis?

Background: The predictors and clinical significance for stent fracture (SF) in drug-eluting stents (DES) remain unknown. We identified procedural factors leading to SF and its clinical consequences in DES. Methods: Percutaneous coronary interventions were performed on 3,920 patients with DES over 12 months. In-stent restenosis (ISR) of DES was observed in 188 cases with 121 cases (64.4%) receiving a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) and 67 (35.6%) a paclitaxol-eluting stent (PES). Results: SF was identified in 35 (18.6%) of the 188 cases. The 35 cases were then compared with 153 cases of ISR without angiographic evidence of SF. SF was identified in 29 (23.9%) SES compared with 6 (9.0%) in PES (P 75°, and more stents (all P 75° (OR = 13.8, 95%CI 3.7 to 51; P < 0.001), SES (OR = 4.1, 95%CI 1.3 to 13.4; P < 0.018) and overlapping stented segments (OR = 3.9, 95%CI 1.1 to 14.1; P < 0.041) were statistically significant independent predictors of SF while larger stent diameter was protective (OR = 0.14, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.70; P < 0.017). Conclusion: SF proved to be associated with angiographically-documented clinical ISR. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, factors that appear to play a negative role in SF include vessel tortuosity, use of SES and overlapping stents. Larger stent diameter was protective. Further studies are needed to better define the factors important in the mechanism of SF. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A 12-Year Longitudinal Study of Aspergillus Sensitivity in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Study objective The object of the study was to longitudinally follow immune parameters of Aspergillus fumigatus sensitization so as to predict those at risk for developing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Design Patients were evaluated for 5 immune parameters (skin test [ST], positive precipitating antibody [PPN], total IgE, IgE anti- A fumigatus antibody [IgE-Af], and IgG anti- A fumigatus antibody [IgG-Af]) at yearly intervals over a 12-year time period. Setting Patients were enrolled and evaluated during routine visits to the cystic fibrosis (CF) clinic at Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis. Patients One hundred eighteen patients with documented CF participated. Interventions None. Measurements and results Six patients were diagnosed as having ABPA. In the non-ABPA patient group, 42% had a positive ST, 42% were PPN positive, 54% had IgE-Af, 61% had IgG-Af, and 10% had an IgE greater than 1,000 IU/mL at some point in time. However, on follow-up, 18% lost skin reactivity, 54% lost PPN, 53% lost IgE-Af, 45% lost IgG-Af, and IgE greater than 1,000 IU/mL declined more than 72% in 64% of patients. These losses were spontaneous, without systemic corticosteroid intervention. Conclusions Spontaneous diminution and loss of immune parameters in non-ABPA CF patients prevented us from defining a profile of sensitivity likely to result in ABPA. This variability highlights the importance of obtaining follow-up studies and including clinical symptoms when considering the diagnosis of ABPA in patients with CF.
Two-Photon Absorption in Eu3+ Doped Silicate Glass

We measured the two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient at the fundamental of a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser in Eu3+ -doped silicate glass using the intensity scan technique. The TPA coefficient was found to be 5.5cm/GW.
Adaptive path scheduling for mobile element to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks

Mobile elements, which can traverse the deployment area and convey the observed data from static sensor nodes to a base station, has been introduced for energy efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, most existing solutions only calculate a single path for the mobile element, which may lead to quick energy depletion for sensor nodes that are far away from the path. In this paper, for real-time data collection in a WSN with one mobile element, we study the adaptive path scheduling problem for prolonging the lifetime of the WSN. Here, multiple paths are planned and the mobile element follows the paths in turn to balance the energy consumption on individual sensor nodes, thus to extend the WSN's lifetime. We first illustrate the problem with one motivational example. Then, for cases where the movement of the mobile element is restricted (e.g., straight lines), we propose and analyze the optimal solutions. For the general cases, we discuss the issues involved and speculate our future research directions.
Modeling the effects of process conditions on the accumulated lethality values of thermally processed pickled carrots

Abstract Shelf-stable pickled products are thermally processed to ensure safety and stability. Carrots packed in glass jars and processed in a boiling water bath were chosen to construct models to predict accumulated lethality values given process conditions and heating times. Mixed models with a natural logarithmic transformation of accumulated lethality as response showed that the effect of blanching prior to filling did not significantly impact the response (P > 0.05), while the effects of ln process time, jar size, carrots to brine ratio, carrot spear diameter, brine temperature, and concentration of sucrose in the brine and interactions among these variables significantly affected the response (P
Genetic Structure Among 38 Populations from the United States Based on 11 U.S. Core Y Chromosome STRs

A DNA database consisting of the 11 Y chromosome short-tandem-repeat (Y-STR) recommended by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods is constructed for 2517 individuals from 38 populations in the United States. The population samples derive from five ethnic groups currently living in 10 states. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot places the populations into four discrete clusters (African Americans (AA), European Americans (EA), Hispanic Americans (HA), and Asian Americans (SA)) and one dispersed cluster of Native Americans. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates that a large proportion of the total genetic variance is partitioned among ethnic groups (24.8%), whereas only a small amount (1.5%) is found among-populations within ethnic groups. Separate AMOVA analyses within each ethnic group show that only the NA sample contains statistically significant among-population variation. Pair wise population differentiation tests do uncover heterogeneity among EA and among HA populations; however, this is due to only a single sample within each group. The analyses support the creation of AA, EA, HA, and Asian American databases in which samples from different geographic regions within the United States are pooled. We recommend that separate databases be constructed for different NA groups.
High-risk sexual behaviors among depressed Black women with histories of intrafamilial and extrafamilial childhood sexual abuse.

Objective National estimates of childhood sexual abuse histories among black women range from 34% to 40%. Poor outcomes in adulthood, including impaired psychiatric functioning (e.g., depression), high-risk sexual behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, exchange of sex for money or drugs), and lifetime sexually transmitted infections are robustly associated with sexual abuse histories. In the current study, we examined the relationships of intrafamilial and extrafamilial perpetration of childhood sexual abuse to high-risk sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections among black women. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 60 black women who participated in a depression treatment trial in a community mental health center. Results Our results demonstrated that intrafamilial perpetration of childhood sexual abuse, as compared to extrafamilial perpetration, was more strongly associated with high-risk sexual behaviors in a clinical sample of depressed black women. There were no significant associations between intrafamilial or extrafamilial perpetration of childhood sexual abuse and sexually transmitted infections. Conclusions These findings suggest that characteristics of childhood sexual abuse among depressed black women may be important factors for health professionals to consider when conducting clinical assessments and providing treatment.
Low temperature interdiffusion in Cu/Ni thin films

Abstract Interdiffusion in Cu/Ni thin films was studied by means of Auger electron spectroscopy in conjunction with Ar + ion sputter profiling. The experimental conditions used aimed at simulating those of typical chip-packaging fabrication processes. The Cu/Ni couple (from 10 μm to 60 nm thick) was produced by sequential vapor deposition on fused-silica substrates at 360, 280 and 25 °C in 10 -6 Torr vacuum. Diffusion anneals were performed between 280 and 405 °C for times up to 20 min. Such conditions define grain boundary diffusion in the regimes of B- and C-type kinetics. The data were analyzed according to the Whipple-Suzuoka model. Some deviations from the assumptions of this model, as occurred in the present study, are discussed but cannot fully account for the typical data scatter. The grain boundary diffusion coefficients were determined (for nickel through copper, Q b = 33.7 kcal mol -1 (1.46 eV), D b 0 = 4.2 × 10 -2 cm 2 s -1 ; for copper through nickel, Q b = 30.2 kcal mol -1 (1.3 eV), D b 0 = 7.6 × 10 -5 cm 2 s -1 ) allowing calculation of respective permeation distances.
Federal Circuit affirms Nilssen's 15 patents unenforceable for inequitable conduct

The US Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court finding that it did not abuse its discretion in holding 15 of Nilssen's patents unenforceable due to his intentional withholding of material information during patent prosecution from the US Patent Office (‘USPTO’).
On comparisons of normal and logistic models in the bivariate dichotomous analysis

Abstract In discriminating between normal and logistic models in the analysis of bivariate dichotomous dependent variables, Cox-type statistics have been proposed; however we point out that there are cases in which the two models are either statistically equivalent or nested and Cox-type statistics are not suitable for use.
Representation in Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations: A Conceptual Framework:

It is held that nonprofit and voluntary organizations contribute to democratic governance by representing the interests of their constituents to the state. Yet little is known about the capacities of these organizations to represent effectively their constituents and the larger community. This study proposes a framework for understanding the varieties of representation in nonprofit and voluntary organizations. The authors argue that the nature of representation within an organization is indicated by five dimensions: substantive, symbolic, formal, descriptive, and participatory representation. Formal, descriptive, and participatory representation are different means of achieving substantive and symbolic representation; the latter being measures of the extent to which organizations “act for” and “stand for” particular constituencies. They further suggest that this conceptual framework serves as a useful first step toward examining the representational capacities of nonprofit organizations. Two illustrative ...
PURIFICATION OF AN EXPRESSED INSECT TRANSFERRIN FROM CELL CULTURE MEDIA USING HIGH-CAPACITY NI2+-DIPICOLYLAMINE GEL

Vertebrate transferrin is a well characterized iron transport protein. In contrast, little is known concerning the role of transferrin in insects. Yet, study of iron metabolism in insects could give insights into strategies for insect control, particularly for insects that transmit disease.
Oases in the Desert: Hannah Arendt on Democratic Politics

Hannah Arendt never wrote systematically on the subject of democracy. In her book of greatest relevance to the subject, On Revolution, she criticized liberal democracy, and defended a conception of virtuous political “elites,” leading most commentators to view her as an opponent of democracy. I argue that Arendt defended a distinctive conception of grass-roots democracy, and that her conception of elites is distinctively democratic rather than anti-democratic. I bolster this argument by examining her historical context, and conclude by assessing the relevance of Arendt's conception of democracy.
Evaluation of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis in emergency department patients

Background Diagnostic criteria were proposed at the Second Symposium on the Definition and Management of Anaphylaxis convened by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN). Validation is needed before these criteria can be widely adapted into clinical practice. Objective Our aim was to retrospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of the NIAID/FAAN criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis in emergency department (ED) patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study of ED patients presenting from April to October 2008 was conducted. Patients given a diagnosis of an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis and a subset of patients with related diagnoses were included. Electronic medical records were reviewed and data were abstracted to determine whether the NIAID/FAAN criteria were met. Records were also independently reviewed in a blinded fashion by 2 experienced attending allergists. Final diagnosis by allergists was considered the reference standard. Results Of 214 patients, 86 (40.2%) met the NIAID/FAAN criteria for anaphylaxis. Allergists gave 61 (28.5%) patients diagnoses of anaphylaxis, 59 (96.7%) of whom satisfied the NIAID/FAAN criteria. The interrater agreement between allergists was substantial (κ = 0.77). The test characteristics of the NIAID/FAAN criteria were as follows: sensitivity, 96.7% (95% CI, 88.8% to 99.1%); specificity, 82.4% (95% CI, 75.5% to 87.6%); positive predictive value, 68.6% (95% CI, 58.2% to 77.4%); negative predictive value, 98.4% (95% CI, 94.5% to 99.6%); positive likelihood ratio, 5.48; and negative likelihood ratio, 0.04. Conclusions These results suggest that the NIAID/FAAN criteria are highly sensitive but less specific and are likely to be useful in the ED for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis.
Incomplete Degeneration Versus Enhanced Regeneration in Skeletal Muscle

In their article titled “Trpc1 Ion Channel Modulates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway during Myoblast Differentiation and Muscle Regeneration,” Zanou et al. (1) examined the role of Trpc1 channels in skeletal muscle regeneration. The potential role of Trpc channels in skeletal muscle regeneration is intriguing; however, there is an important and confounding methodological issue with the Zanou study. The authors report the migration of central nuclei to the periphery of regenerating myofibers by day 14 (e.g. Fig. 2): “at day 14 of regeneration, the majority of Trpc1−/− fibers were still centrally nucleated, whereas in Trpc1+/+ fibers most of the nuclei had migrated to the periphery.” This led the authors to conclude that there is a delay in muscle regeneration in Trpc1−/− mice. Unfortunately, migration of central nuclei does not occur by day 14 post-injury in mice. The persistence of murine central nuclei has been documented to surpass that of other species studied, including humans (2, 3). Evidence shows that the vast majority of regenerated fibers remain centrally nucleated for over 100 days, at which point 3–4% of nuclei migrate to the periphery over each 100-day span (2). Rather than improved regeneration as the authors posit, the most likely explanation for the results is that only partial injury was achieved in Trpc1+/+ mice. Incomplete and variable injury consequently compromises any data and conclusions concerning muscle regeneration in the study. Achieving complete uniform injury of skeletal muscle can be technically difficult but is crucial to verify when studying skeletal muscle regeneration.
Strategies for managing service delivery in HMOs: an application to mental health care.

This article examines the general problem of how health maintenance organizations (HMOs) manage service delivery, with specific application to mental health care. The empirical analysis consists of two parts. The first part explores relationships among HMO payment mechanisms and other approaches available to HMO managers to influence the delivery of care. This exploratory analysis identifies four distinct strategies for the management of mental health care delivery. The second part of the empirical analysis relates the adoption of a particular strategy to HMO and market characteristics. One finding from this analysis is that group model HMOs in more competitive markets are more likely to adopt mental health management strategies directed at providers.
Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus replication, maturation, and viral RNA synthesis in primary mouse macrophage cultures.

Abstract High titers of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) are obtained after infection of 1-day primary peritoneal mouse macrophage cultures. The capacity of these cells to support LDV replication, however, progressively decreases as the cells age. Almost no replication occurs in 7-day cultures, in spite of the fact that the cells are viable and metabolically active, though nondividing. Mitotically active cultures of simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed macrophages also fail to support LDV replication. The synthesis of LDV-specific RNA was studied by labeling infected 1-day macrophage cultures with [5- 3 H]uridine in the presence of actinomycin D. The synthesis of single-stranded 48 S viral RNA and RNase-resistant 27 S RNA commence between 4 and 5 hr after infection, and the first mature virions are released between 5 and 6 hr. The time period between synthesis of viral RNA and its appearance in mature extracellular virions is about 1.5 hr. The induction of viral RNA synthesis is completely inhibited by treatment of cells with cycloheximide 0.5 hr after infection. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections of infected macrophages shows that LDV matures by budding from the cytoplasm into intracytoplasmic vesicles. Mature virions seem to be rapidly released into the culture fluid by an as yet unknown mechanism.
Parental Preference or Child Well-being: An Ethical Dilemma

An ethical dilemma that is not uncommon to encounter when caring for children occurs when parental preference does not appear to be in the child's best interest. Challenges facing the health care team are further amplified when the family's cultural background does not match that of the team. A case study will be used to illustrate the challenges of a pediatric palliative care ethical dilemma further complicated by cultural diversity. Review of the child's medical condition, patient/parent preferences, quality of life, and contextual features will be followed by an analysis and recommendations for resolution of this challenging situation.
Mixed-integer programming for pressure swing adsorption cycle scheduling

Abstract A model is presented that allows the cyclic operating schedule of a pressure swing adsorption system to be determined from the sequence of operations that are to occur in the beds. The problem is structured as an optimization program. The model, as it is formulated, represents a mixed-integer nonlinear program. Because of the solution difficulty of such a problem, it was desired that the model be reformulated. For almost all cases, with the proper variable transformations, the nonlinear constraints may be linearized. The model then becomes a mixed-integer linear program. Since the models use only a moderately large number of binary variables, they can be solved quite efficiently. An extension of the original model, termed the relaxed existence model, allows a more versatile operating sequence to be used since a superstructure of all possible operations may be specified. The choices given then allow the best schedule to be determined by the optimization procedure.
Simple and effective

Demonstrates how the Career Services Department of Grand Valley State University was able to implement simple quality principles and tools for improving its Employment Bulletin process. Discusses the overall goal which was to reduce costs and to improve the efficiency of the overall process, and shows, from a nine‐month follow‐up evaluation, that the recommendations suggested by the taskforce improved the system considerably. Reveals that customer complaints were reduced from an estimated average of 12 per month to an average of 4.5 complaints per month, costs were reduced by US$6,209.48 annually and the controlled process increased customer satisfaction, compilation and delivery.
Specificity of the anaphase-promoting complex: A single-molecule study

Biological processes require specific enzymatic reactions, paradoxically involving short recognition sequences. As an example, cell-cycle timing depends on a sequence of ubiquitylation events mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) based on short redundant motifs. To understand the origin of specificity, we designed single-molecule fluorescence assays that capture transient ubiquitylation reactions. We find that the APC-mediated ubiquitylation involves a highly processive initial reaction on the substrate, followed by multiple encounters and reactions at a slower rate. The initial ubiquitylation greatly enhances the substrate's binding affinity in subsequent reactions, by both increasing the on-rate and decreasing the off-rate. We postulate that these cycles of positive feedback enable high specificity for substrates with short recognition motifs in a complex cellular environment.
Small Cap and Value Investing Offer both High Returns and a Hedge

Recent evidence shows that low book-to-market portfolios (value) tend to perform better than high book-to-market portfolios (growth). This article investigates the performance of portfolios sorted by size and book-to-market during the periods when the stock market declined and when the economy is in recession. The results reveal that value investment did not do as well as growth investment in the bull markets but surpassed the growth portfolios during bear markets. Value investment beat growth investment in non-recessionary and recessionary periods and thus acted as a hedge during recessions.
MO-D-303A-03: Peer Instruction in the Teaching of An Introductory Medical Physics Course

Purpose: The purpose of the present work is to describe how the peer instruction teaching methodology (E Mazur. Peer Instruction: A User's Manual. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River NJ 1997) was incorporated into the teaching of an introductory medical physics course. Methods and Materials: Peer instruction focuses on concepts, rather than on information or on problem solving. The technique uses a series of “ConcepTest” questions to present a set of concepts in each classroom session. When presented with a ConcepTest question, students propose answers to the question, discuss their answers among each other in small groups, and finally discuss their answers with the entire class. One principle behind peer instruction is that students who more recently achieved understanding of a concept are in a better position to overcome the barriers to understanding the concept than the faculty member, who has understood the concept for a long time. Prior to each class, students are expected to download and listen to an AVI file consisting of a recording of the class lecture. Following class, students are assigned problems based on the class material, which are discussed in separate problem sessions. Results: In the discussion of the ConcepTest questions, students who did not understand the concept being tested were unable to provide a convincing argument justifying their selection, whereas students understanding the concept were able to convince their colleagues that their selection was correct. After discussion, when retested on the ConcepTest question, almost all students were able to get the correct answer. Conclusions: Students involved in peer instruction took an active role in class participation. Student feedback regarding this mode of instruction was very positive.
Successful treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis in a preterm baby boy: a case report

Introduction Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients.
Using the Melbourne Family Survey in migration research: Reply to Santow

As Gigi Santow points out, only married women are included in the sample, so younger women are self-selected for earlier marriages. Rather than abandoning the sample for this reason, however, I included ages of women as a continuous "covariate" in analysis of variance calculations (see table 2 in Carlson 1985a). Similarly, Southern Europeans are more concentrated in more recent migrant marriage cohorts. Again rather than rejecting the sample I included region of origin as one of several factors in table 2. It doesn't seem fair to dismiss the resulting detailed breakdown of factors affecting marriage age (including education, father's occupation, premarital work experience, and family status at arrival, as well as age and region of origin) as a "global summary measure." The liabilities of the sample are taken into account by introducing appropriate control variables in the analysis of marriage timing. As noted in the original article, the possibility of significant distorting interaction effects among these variables also was explored. On the other hand, the same objections are perfectly valid with respect to analysis of birth timing-table 3 shows no such controls. The question is, how serious are such biasing factors? I examined this issue and decided such biases would not dispel my results. I demonstrated this by including relevant background factors (age, region of origin, education, family status at arrival, and work experience after marriage) in a detailed study of the likelihood of having a first birth within two years after marriage in the Melbourne sample (Carlson 1985b). Women arriving as childless wives were less than half as likely as other categories of immigrants to become mothers in the first two years of marriage, even after controlling for such factors. The pattern was strongest among women who worked after marriage, and much fainter among immigrant women who did not do so. I believe these patterns show two things. First, important new insights into migration as an influence on family building can be gained by introducing such control factors. Second, such new insights seem to clarify and focus the basic conclusions about disruption of fertility arrived at in my original article, rather than negating them.
Hodgkin lymphoma: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.

Disease overview: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 9,000 new patients annually and representing approximately 11% of all lymphomas in the United States. Diagnosis: HL is composed of two distinct disease entities; the more commonly diagnosed classical HL and the rare nodular lymphocyte predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte-rich HL are subgroups under the designation of classical HL. Risk stratification: An accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence are used to optimize therapy for patients with limited or advanced stage disease. Risk-adapted therapy: Initial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early stage disease are treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiation therapy, while those with advanced stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy often without radiation therapy. Management of refractory disease: High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, palliative chemotherapy, non-myeloablative allogeneic transplant or participation in a clinical trial should be considered. © Am. J. Hematol. 87:1096–1103, 2012. VVC 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of physician and patient compliance with the use of peak flow meters in commercial insurance and Oregon health plan asthmatic populations

Background Home use of peak expiratory flow (PEF) meters is recommended by NIH management guidelines for patients with moderate to severe asthma. Objective To evaluate whether differences in physician PEF meter prescription patterns and patient compliance rates with PEF meter use exist between populations of commercially insured and Oregon Health Plan (OHP) patients. Methods A prospective, case-series study was conducted at the Bay Clinic Coos Bay, Oregon. Volunteers responded to a short survey. Patient asthma severity was evaluated by responses to the following questions: (1) frequency of shortness of breath per week, (2) daily and weekly frequency of albuterol rescue inhaler use, and (3) other prescription medications used. Additional questions included: (1) possession of a PEF meter, (2) physician instruction of meter use, (3) patient compliance with instructions, and (4) type of medical insurance. Using NIH asthma stratification guidelines, only respondents with moderate to severe asthma were included in this study. Respondents were age restricted to between 6 and 60 years. Incomplete surveys were not accepted. Results Ninety-six surveys were received and 54 accepted. Only 24 (44%) of the 54 respondents with moderate to severe asthma had a PEF meter. Nineteen (79%) used it according to physician instructions. Of the 29 patients reporting to have commercial insurance, 18 (62%) had a PEF meter and 15 (83%) used it as prescribed. Of the 21 asthmatic patients with OHP coverage, only 5 (24%) P = .007 had a peak flow meter and 4 (80%) used it as prescribed. Conclusions We conclude physician prescription compliance of peak flow meters for asthma monitoring falls short of the NIH guidelines. When a PEF meter is prescribed, patients will likely use it regardless of their medical insurance. Significant differences exist in physician compliance with PEF meter prescription between populations of commercially insured and OHP patients. More study is necessary to further understand this divergence in care delivery.
The lethal effect of homozygosity of the gene for Waltzer-type, a neurological mutant in Mus musculus.

Abstract The homozygous condition of the gene Wt for waltzer-type is lethal, usually by 11 days of gestation. This conclusion is supported by genetic data from Wt + × Wt + and from Wt + × +/+ matings. Abnormal appearance of the brain, failure of lens development and less proliferative activity in the otic vesicles characterized all homozygotes at 10 1 2 –11 days of gestation. The majority were retarded in growth and development. An abnormal degree of pycnosis was noted in various structures, such as the spinal ganglia, but the picture was not consistent for all the abnormal embryos. Faulty development of the hindbrain was observed morphologically in some 9–10-day embryos, but the proportion of affected embryos at this age was considerably less than the expected 25% Wt Wt . Histologically a few embryos at 9 days and more at 10 days had abnormal brains similar to those in 10 1 2 –11- day homozygotes. The increase with age in the percentage of definitely abnormal brains suggests variation in the time of expression of the genotype.
Targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade to treat cancer

The RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway has long been viewed as an attractive pathway for anticancer therapies, based on its central role in regulating the growth and survival of cells from a broad spectrum of human tumours. Small-molecule inhibitors designed to target various steps of this pathway have entered clinical trials. What have we recently learned about their safety and effectiveness? Will the MAPK pathway prove amenable to therapeutic intervention?
Structure–property relationships of ring‐containing nylon 66 copolyamides

Several series of nylon 66 copolyamides were prepared with up to 30 mole-% substitution of ringed comonomers of the type X-(CH2)n-R-(CH2)n-X, where n = 0, 1, or 2; X = −NH2 or CO2H; and R = phenylene, cyclohexylene, or naphthyle. The ring structure was correlated with glass transition temperature and melting point. The important features of ring structure fall into the following categories: ring isomerism, aromaticity, diamine vs. diacid substitution, chain length, and ring substitution. Proper “fit” (isomorphism) of the comonomer into the nylon 66 chain appears to be the main criterion for ringed copolymers of high Tg and high melting point.
Keeping Up-to-Date with Immunization Practices

This article presents sources of information for those in practice, administration, or education to stay up-to-date in vaccine recommendations. Web-based repositories predominate in the provision of information. Other sources include newsletters, conferences, journals, expert opinion, community organizations, and books. The promise of the electronic health record remains unfulfilled but improving.
The application of lead-free solder to optical fiber packaging

To achieve precise, hermetic, and reliable optoelectronic packaging, we studied a novel technology for bonding fibers to v-grooved chips by metallic soldering. Multilayered metallization of Ti/Au, Ti/Cu/Au, or Ti/Ni/Au has been prepared to improve the poor bonding nature of solder on oxide surface. The eutectic 43Sn57Bi (wt.%) alloy, having a melting point of 139°C, was selected to bond the fibers to v-grooved chips. The alignment and adhesion tests result show that the precision packaging by soldering has a satisfied reliability in the range of working temperature from −40°C to 85°C. The metallic solder bonding is hermetic, and hence, it can isolate the optical device from ambient environment.
Plantar warts, callosities and corns

Abstract 1. 1. A brief description of the differentiation, clinically and pathologically, between plantar warts, callosities, and corns has been given. 2. 2. Various forms of therapy have been discussed, and rated according to their effectiveness, desirability, and the success to be expected.
Stimulation of GPR30 Increases Release of EMMPRIN-Containing Microvesicles in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells

Context: Uterine remodeling is highly dependent on the glycosylated transmembrane protein extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inducer (EMMPRIN). Previous studies indicate estradiol can increase EMMPRIN expression in uterine cells and promote subsequent induction of MMP production. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) stimulation on EMMPRIN microvesicle release in the human uterine epithelial cell line hTERT-EEC (EECs). Design: We examined EMMPRIN release by human EECs in response to GPR30 stimulation by microvesicle isolation, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. We employed a pharmacological approach using the GPR30-selective agonist G1 and the antagonist G15 to determine the receptor specificity of this response. Results: We demonstrated GPR30 expression in EECs and release of EMMPRIN in microvesicles in response to stimulation of GPR30. G1, estradiol, and cholera toxin stimulated EMMPRIN release in microvesicles as detected by ...
Prospects for Building Regional Clusters of Economic Strength in Security Technologies: The Case of New York State

As the homeland security (HS) business sector has grown, states and cities have sought ways to take advantage of it for economic development. Also, academic institutions have sought to build research and educational niches in it. The HS sector is, however, very complex. This article provides a diagrammatic explanation of its various segments. Using data available on one important subset, security control technologies, the article shows its distribution around the United States. To build local economic development or specialized academic advancement, strategies toward the sector must be carefully devised. The article concludes with three challenges for development strategies focused on this sector. Throughout, New York State is the prime example.
Aid Sources for Higher Education: Taxes and Other Determinants.

Abstract Using estimates of the tax-sensitivity of contributions by individuals, Auten and Rudney predict that the enactment of any of the major tax reform plans being discussed would cause very large declines in gifts to higher education. But their method cannot adjust for changes in donee need as a donor motive. By focusing on the donee educational institution, Coughlin and Erekson add to our knowledge of the non-tax determinants of individual donations. and by extending the inquiry to include corporate donations and state aid, they add to our knowledge of additional sources of revenue for higher education.
MIDDLE EAST URBAN STUDIES: IDENTITY AND MEANING

(2001). MIDDLE EAST URBAN STUDIES: IDENTITY AND MEANING. Urban Geography: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 175-181.
How does active site water affect enzymatic stereorecognition

Abstract The E value for ketone reduction catalyzed by a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (SADH) from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus is temperature dependent, due to a relatively large activation entropy difference, ΔΔS‡, which favors the formation (or reaction) of the (R)-enantiomer of 2-butanol and 2-pentanol. In contrast, the activation enthalpy, ΔΔH‡, favors the formation of the (S)-enantiomer of 2-butanol and 2-pentanol. C295A mutant SADH shows very large reductions in ΔΔS‡ compared to wild-type SADH, in addition to the expected reductions in ΔΔH‡. The decrease in ΔΔH‡ can be readily explained on the basis of steric interaction and van der Waals contacts of the enantiomeric substrates in the active site. The comparison of ΔΔS‡ of the wild-type and C295A mutant SADH reduces the possible entropy contributions to those associated with the Cys-295 sulfhydryl group. Examination of the crystal structure shows an ordered water molecule in the small pocket, located at a distance of 4.1 A from the sulfur atom of Cys-295. Thus, the stereospecificity of SADH may be at least partly determined by the selective expulsion of this bound water from the small alkyl binding pocket upon binding of large substituents in the small alkyl pocket. The data obtained with wild-type, S39T and C295A SADH with NADP, SNADP and APADP show a reasonable enthalpy–entropy compensation relationship, suggesting a contribution of solvation. Our results suggest that selective release of bound solvent from the active site upon binding of enantiomeric substrates may contribute to the differential activation entropy, ΔΔS‡.