cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concepts of the System/370 vector architecture

This paper discusses the performance, complexity and system-integration considerations that shaped the System/370 Vector Architecture [1, 9]. The architecture is intended for compatible systems providing a range of price and performance. The paper reviews the reasons for choosing a register-oriented architecture with compound instructions over storage-to-storage operations and vector-instruction chaining. Then it discusses the role of cache in stride-N storage accessing, and describes some new facilities introduced for control-program purposes.
Mass transport from a rotating disk into power-law liquids

Abstract Both theoretical and experimental studies on the solid-liquid mass transfer from a rotating disk to non-Newtonian solutions are reported. The rates of dissolution of benzoic acid and β-naphthol into aqueous solutions of carboxymethylcellulose, and of benzoic acid into polyethylene oxide, have been determined. An expression for the mass transfer has been derived in terms of the system parameters and the power-law constants of the liquid. At high rotational speeds the slope of the experimental mass transfer curve is predicted by the theory. At lower rotational speeds, secondary flows were observed about the rotating disk producing anomalous mass transfer effects. The nature of these flows, together with their relation to the mass transfer in non-Newtonian liquids, is discussed.
The Findings and Policy Implications of the GAO Report and the Urban Institute Hiring Audit.

In March, 1990 die General Accounting Office of the United States submitted its third and final mandated report on the impact and implementation of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). Its conclusion was diat the law had given rise to "widespread discrimination" against "foreignsounding" and "foreign-looking" job applicants. This result had been antic? ipated during the two-decade debate over IRCA by opponents of the law's principal policy innovation: employer sanctions. Sanctions were intended to right an asymmetry in American law that made it illegal for undocumented aliens to enter and work in the United States but imposed no penalties on employers who hired them. Righting this asymmetry involved the largest expansion of labor-related regulation since 1970, as well as the broadest regulatory expansion to take place during the fiercely antiregulatory Reagan Administration. By deputizing employers as "junior immigration officers" (Roberts and Loehr, 1987), sanctions for the first time brought the hitherto obscure and little-encountered world of immigration law and immigration law enforcement to the nation's workplace and indeed, because sanctions govern all hiring transactions, in theory, to the homes of die nation's citizens. The battle for sanctions was a long and arduous one that forced its proponents to consent to a series of major political trades. Among other things, it led to the enactment of the two largest legalization programs in recent history (one for aliens who had been in the U.S. since 1982, the other
The calcaneocuboid joint moves with three degrees of freedom

Investigations of the calcaneocuboid joint typically find that it is among the least mobile of the intrinsic foot joints [1]. When movement is found, it is shown to be highly variable among individuals [2]. The joint is therefore relegated to the presumably rigid lateral aspect of the foot. The complementary articular surfaces of the two relevant bones are both relatively flat, with some irregular undulations. This joint surface geometry suggests that movement might be limited to a single rotation and perhaps superior and lateral translations in the synovial plane. In this presentation we challenge this expectation by exploring the calcaneocuboid joint in six degrees of freedom through multiple driving actions.
Use of stents to treat kinks causing obstruction in a left internal mammary artery graft.

Left internal mammary arteries (LIMA) are used routinely as grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in selected patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery because of better long-term patency rates. Pathology other than fibrointimal hyperplasia, accelerated atherosclerosis, or thrombus can sometimes cause obstructive lesions in such grafts. This report illustrates a kink in a LIMA graft to the LAD causing an obstructive lesion shortly after surgery and describes the subsequent management of this lesion with intracoronary stents. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:223–226, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Robust optimization of graph partitioning involving interval uncertainty

The graph partitioning problem consists of partitioning the vertex set of a graph into several disjoint subsets so that the sum of weights of the edges between the disjoint subsets is minimized. In this paper, robust optimization models with two decomposition algorithms are introduced to solve the graph partitioning problem with interval uncertain weights of edges. The bipartite graph partitioning problem with edge uncertainty is also presented. Throughout this paper, we make no assumption regarding the probability of the uncertain weights.
Perturbations in factor XIII resulting from activation and inhibition examined by solution based methods and detected by MALDI-TOF MS.

Factor XIII can be activated proteolytically by thrombin cleavage of the activation peptide or non-proteolytically by exposure to 50 mM Ca2+. The resultant transglutaminase cross-links Q and K resi...
Dopamine agonist pretreatment alters LSD's electrophysiological action from dopamine agonist to antagonist

Abstract LSD (50 μg/kg, i.v.) significantly depressed the discharge rate of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra of chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. However, when this same dose of LSD was administered to rats whose nigral cell discharge had been reduced 45% below baseline by d-amphetamine (mean dose = 1.45 mg/kg, i.v.), the discharge rate was significantly increased (typically returning to the pre-amphetamine baseline). A similar pattern was observed when LSD was administered to apomorphine-pretreated animals. Brom-LSD also produced these reversal effects. These effects of LSD resemble those of classical central dopamine antagonists such as haloperidol. We hypothesize that the shift in LSD's action from that of dopamine agonist to antagonist by prior dopamine agonist treatment may be mediated by a conformational shift in the state of the dopamine receptor.
Pharmacokinetics of theanine enantiomers in rats

Theanine, first discovered in tea, is a chiral nonproteinic amino acid that has been reported to have cardiovascular, neurological, and oncological effects. It is being considered as a therapeutic/medicinal agent and additive in consumer products. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of D-theanine, L-theanine, and D,L-theanine in plasma and urine using LC-ESI/MS in rats after oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. Oral administration data indicated that gut absorption of d-theanine was far less than that of L-theanine. However, after i.p. administration, plasma theanine concentrations of L- and D-theanine were similar. This indicated that D- and L-theanine may exhibit a competitive effect with respect to intestinal absorption. Regardless of the route of administration, p.o. or i.p., the presence of the other enantiomer always decreased theanine plasma concentrations, indicating D,L-theanine competition with respect to urinary reabsorption. Data on urinary concentrations of D-theanine suggested that the D-isomer may be eliminated with minimal metabolism. L-Theanine appeared to be preferentially reabsorbed and metabolized by the kidney while D-theanine was preferentially excreted. Clearly, the bioequivalencies of D,L-theanine and its enantiomers were found to be quite different from one another. Consequently, the efficacy of commercial theanine products containing D-theanine, L-theanine, or D,L-theanine may be quite different.
Putative neurotransmitters in clonal cell lines

THE regional distribution of putative neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has been studied often (for example, refs 1–4). Although in some cases neurotransmitter synthesis has been correlated with nervous function, its distribution among different cell types has not been assayed. For example, the distribution of the putative neurotransmitters taurine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) between nerve and glia has not been established using in vivo preparations. Another approach is to use clonal cell lines derived from the CNS, for their cellular homogeneity facilitates the assay of pool sizes of neurotransmitters and free amino acids in identified cells. Such determinations have been made with fibroblasts5–7. The expanding collection of clonal cell lines from the CNS8–11 and other tissues (for example, refs 12–14) presents the opportunity to extend this approach. We describe here the free amino acid pools of some cell lines from the CNS and other tissues which exhibit differentiated phenotypes. We have found that although several specific differences exist between cells from different tissues, there is a strong similarity between different cell types of common embryological origin.
A pollen tube growth stimulatory glycoprotein is deglycosylated by pollen tubes and displays a glycosylation gradient in the flower

In plant sexual reproduction, pollen tubes elongate from the stigma, through the stylar transmitting tissue, to the ovary of the pistil to deliver the male gametes for fertilization. TTS protein is a tobacco transmitting tissue glycoprotein shown to attract pollen tubes and promote their growth. Here, we show TTS proteins adhere to the pollen tube surface and tips, suggesting that they may serve as adhesive substrates for pollen tube growth. TTS proteins are also incorporated into pollen tube walls and are deglycosylated by pollen tubes, suggesting that they may provide nutrients to this process. Within the transmitting tissue, TTS proteins display a gradient of increasing glycosylation from the stigmatic end to the ovarian end of the style, coincident with the direction of pollen tube growth. These results together suggest that the TTS protein-bound sugar gradient may contribute to guiding pollen tubes from the stigma to the ovary.
Measurement of fluctuations in motion of particles in a dense gas—solid suspension in vertical pipe flow

Abstract Fluctuating motion of particles in vertical pipe flow of a dense suspension was studied by simultaneous measurements of local density by a fiber optic probe and local mass flow by an electrostatic ball probe. Complete three-dimensional traverse through the vertical pipe section was accomplished by a test section which can be turned about its axis. With the availability of a high frequency data system, the instantaneous particle velocity was determined by dividing the local instantaneous local density into local instantaneous mass flow. Statistical correlation gives local average velocity, intensity of particle motion, frequency of fluctuation, and particle diffusivity. Glass particles of 100 μm suspended in air were tested. Results show large density and velocity fluctuations and large diffusivity at high particle densities.
Allies Advancing Justice: Cooperation between U.S. Bishops and Call to Action to Promote the Peace and Economic Pastoral Letters (1982–1987)

This article discusses a phase of an ongoing relationship between a social movement organization (SMO), Call to Action, and the institutional organization (IO) in which it is embedded, the Catholic Church. Relationships between SMOs and IOs are dynamic. At times they may engage in heated conflict related to the SMO’s goal to reform the IO and the desire of the IO leaders to maintain stability. There can also be times when such relationships are less adversarial and even cooperative. This article draws on periodicals, archival data and interviews to describe and analyze a period (1982–1987) when the values and interests of Call to Action and U.S. Bishops coalesced and led to a period of cooperation in which they together promoted the Peace and Economic Pastoral Letters written by the U.S. Conference of Bishops.
IR spectra of the vapor over rapidly heated KOCN and KSCN

Abstract Rapidly heating KOCN or KSCN in an evacuated flow cell produced gas phase infrared spectra of KOCN, K 2 (OCN) 2 , KSCN, and K 2 (SCN) 2 . These data indicate that the monomers are linear and bonded through the chalcogen. The dimer probably has an inversion center. However, the infrared spectra do not contain enough information to permit the structure of the dimer to be unequivocally determined.
Effects of physiological cycles of infused melatonin on circadian rhythmicity in pigeons.

The role of the hormone melatonin in the circadian system of pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated. Using an automatic infusion system, melatoni at physiological levels was delivered for 10 h each day to cannulated, pinealectomized (P-X) pigeons in constant darkness. These cyclic infusions of melatonin entrained feeding rhythms in P-X pigeons while vehicle infusions were ineffective entraining agents. When the retinae of P-X pigeons were removed (E-X), feeding rhythms were abolished in constant darkness. When cyclic melatonin infusions were delivered to these birds (E-X and P-X), feeding rhythmicity was restored whereas vehicle infusions alone did not restore rhythmicity. When melatonin infusions were terminated in E-X/P-X pigeons, feeding rhythms persisted for several days but eventually decayed. Blood melatonin levels were measured in both P-X and E-X/P-X birds infused cyclically with exogenous melatonin and were found to be within the physiological range both in level and pattern. These results strongly suggest that endogenous melatonin, released by the pineal gland and the retinae, regulates the timing of feeding rhythms by entraining other oscillators in the circadian system of the pigeon.
Crosstalk Between the Renin–Angiotensin System and the Advance Glycation End Product Axis in the Heart: Role of the Cardiac Fibroblast

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are involved in maintaining extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis in the heart. CFs mediate responses to hormonal and mechanical stimuli and relay these to other local cell types through release of autocrine and/or paracrine factors. CFs also play important roles in the setting of injury, i.e., myocardial infarction, where ECM production is key to efficient scarring. However, conditions exist in which excess production of ECM by CFs can lead to cardiac fibrosis. Two important pathways known to be involved in development of cardiac fibrosis are renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) receptor (RAGE) signaling cascades. This report summarizes actions of these two pathways on function of CFs. Because cardiac fibrosis is an important component of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we include new data that suggests a possible crosstalk between the RAS and AGE/RAGE pathway in order to activate CFs in diabetes.
Phenyl Radical-Induced Damage to Dipeptides

Laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) incorporated with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR) has been utilized to investigate phenyl radical-induced damage to dipeptides in the gas phase. On the basis of the product branching ratios measured for the reactions of two different positively charged phenyl radicals with 17 different dipeptides, the overall order of susceptibility to attack of the different sites in the dipeptides was determined to be heteroaromatic side chain ≈ S atom in SCH3 group > H atom in SH group > H atom in CH group > aromatic side chain > S atom in SH group > NH2 in side chain > N-terminal NH2 > COOH in side chain ≈ C-terminal COOH. The amino acid sequence also influences the selectivity of these reactions. As expected, the ability of a phenyl radical to damage dipeptides increases as the electrophilicity of the phenyl radical increases.
Triple Differential Cross sections and Nuclear Recoil in Two-Photon Double Ionization of Helium

Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) for two-photon double ionization of helium are calculated using the method of exterior complex scaling both above and below the threshold for sequential ionization (54.4 eV). It is found that sequential ionization produces characteristic behavior in the TDCS that identifies that process when it is in competition with nonsequential ionization. Moreover we see the signature in the TDCS and nuclear recoil cross sections of"virtual sequential ionization" below the threshold for the sequential process.
Passage to manhood: Youth migration, heroin and AIDS in Southwest China

Passage to manhood: Youth migration, heroin and AIDS in Southwest China, by Shao-hua Liu, Palo Alto, Stanford University Press, 2010, 248 pp., US$22.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8047-7025-5. E-book U...
Neutrons attenuation on composite metal foams and hybrid open-cell Al foam

Abstract A comprehensive investigation of monochromatic neutron attenuation effectiveness for close-cell composite metal foams (CMFs) and open-cell Al foam infiltrated with variety of second phase materials is presented using both experimental and theoretical methods. The experimental results indicated higher neutron flux reduction in open-cell Al foam with fillers compared to the close-cell CMFs due to their large percentage of low Z elements such as hydrogen, boron and carbon, with superior neutron attenuation performance, in their filler materials. The main factor controlling the shielding effectiveness of steel–steel CMFs is found to be the ratio of the thickness of the sphere wall to the sphere radius while the intermetallic phases in the matrix of Al–steel CMFs seem to have a major role on their shielding properties. Successful models that link the observed material properties and microstructure have been developed using Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. Close-cell CMFs were proposed through three different sphere arrangements: simple cubic, body center cubic and face center cubic, whereas open-cell Al foam with fillers was represented by creating a three-dimensional structure using periodic unit cell through two approaches. The simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. This research indicates the potential of utilizing light-weight close-cell CMFs and open-cell Al foam with fillers as nuclear shields replacing conventional materials to achieve a specified shielding level with additional benefits of excellent energy absorption and thermal isolation.
CfaD-Dependent Expression of a Novel Extracytoplasmic Protein from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

H10407 is a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) that utilizes CFA/I pili to adhere to surfaces of the small intestine, where it elaborates toxins that cause profuse watery diarrhea in humans. Expression of the CFA/I pilus is positively regulated at the level of transcription by CfaD, a member of the AraC/XylS family. DNase I footprinting revealed that the activator has two binding sites upstream of the pilus promoter cfaAp. One site extends from positions -23 to -56, and the other extends from positions -73 to -103 (numbering relative to the transcription start site of cfaAp). Additional CfaD binding sites were predicted within the genome of H10407 by computational analysis. Two of these sites lie upstream of a previously uncharacterized gene, cexE. In vitro DNase I footprinting confirmed that both sites are genuine binding sites, and cexEp::lacZ reporters demonstrated that CfaD is required for the expression of cexE in vivo. The amino terminus of CexE contains a secretory signal peptide that is removed during translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane through the general secretory pathway. These studies suggest that CexE may be a novel ETEC virulence factor because its expression is controlled by the virulence regulator CfaD, and its distribution is restricted to ETEC.
MINIMUM LETTER SIZE FOR VISUAL AIDS

(1976). MINIMUM LETTER SIZE FOR VISUAL AIDS. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 185-189.
The Protease Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) Polymorphic Variant F240S Constitutively Activates PAR2 Receptors and Potentiates Responses to Small-Molecule PAR2 Agonists

AC-55541 and AC-264613 are the first two small molecule agonists described for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2), but whether they activate PAR2 through a similar mechanism as its tethered peptide ligand or soluble peptide mimetics of its tethered peptide ligand is unclear. Extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) has been shown to play a critical role in the activation mechanism of PAR2. Therefore, we constructed a series of PAR2 receptors mutated in ECL2, including a previously described polymorphic variant of PAR2 (F240S) and compared AC-55541 and AC-264613 to SLIGRL and a potent analogue of SLIGRL called 2-furoyl LGRLO in a series of functional assays including cellular proliferation, phosphatidyl inositol (PI) hydrolysis and beta-arrestin recruitment assays. Surprisingly receptors with the F240S mutation were constitutively active in all functional assays tested. Furthermore, AC-55541 and AC-264613 were potentiated over 30-fold at the receptors with the F240S mutation, whereas SLIGRL and 2-furoyl LGRLO were much less affected. In contrast, mutagenesis of charged residues in ECL2 confirmed their important role in the actions of peptide agonists of PAR2 whereas these mutations did not significantly affect activation of PAR2 by AC-55541 or AC-264613. These results suggest that F240S PAR2 receptors may be useful in screens to detect novel small molecule PAR2 modulators, and that further work on the biological importance of the F240S PAR2 variant is warranted.
Superlattice Thin-film Thermoelectric Materials and Devices

Thin-film nano-structured materials offer the potential to enhance the performance of thermoelectrics, with near-term capabilities like small-footprint coolers for lasers and microprocessors. Our recent focus has been to transition the enhanced figure-of-merit (ZT) in p-type Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 and n-type Bi2Te3/Bi2Te3-xSe x superlattices to performance at the module level with several device demonstrations. We have been able to obtain a best ZT of ∼2 in a p-n couple, the fundamental cooling or power conversion unit in an operational module. In addition, we have been able to demonstrate p-n couple ZT of as much as 1.6 from heat-to-power efficiency data. The thermal interface resistances between the active device and the external heat source have been optimized. A power level of 38 mW per couple for a ΔT of about 107K, with 4-micron-thick element, was obtained. This translates to an active power density of ∼54 W/cm2 and a mini-module power density of ∼10.5 W/cm2. In short, power devices with thin-film superlattices are a real possibility. In the cooling arena, we have been able to obtain over 50K active cooling with thin-film modules, useable in several laser and microprocessor cooling needs. This is in spite of severe thermal management issues that had to be overcome noting that the “true” hot-side temperature, and hence the “true” ΔT, across the device are much higher. Even so, we have p-n superlattice couples that show twice the cooling Δ Tmax , compared to the best bulk p-n couples at cryogenic temperatures. Some of the challenges that remain to be addressed in the full development of this materials technology and thoughts on further progress in nano-structured materials are presented.
Identification of a novel 1,4-dihydropyridine- and phenylalkylamine-binding polypeptide in calcium channel preparations.

A 1,4-dihydropyridine- and phenylalkylamine-binding polypeptide has been identified by photoaffinity labeling of purified rabbit and guinea pig skeletal muscle calcium channel preparations. The arylazide ligands (-)-[3H]azidopine and (-)-5-[(3-azidophenethyl)[N-methyl-3H]methylamino]-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropylvaleronitrile [(N-methyl-3H]LU 49888) were used to label 1,4-dihydropyridine- and phenylalkylamine-binding sites, respectively. A single, 155 to 170-kDa polypeptide was specifically labeled by both ligands in rabbit and guinea pig preparations provided that the skeletal muscle membranes used for purification were derived from fresh and not previously frozen and thawed tissue. The photoaffinity labeled polypeptide (termed here alpha 1) is different from the previously described alpha subunit in that it has the identical electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels irrespective of pretreatment either with N-ethylmaleimide or with dithiothreitol. The use of transverse tubular membranes isolated from previously frozen and thawed skeletal muscle results in a purified calcium channel preparation devoid of the alpha 1 subunit. In these preparations proteolytic degradation products of alpha 1 are labeled with both (-)-[3H]azidopine and [N-methyl-3H]LU 49888. Another large molecular weight polypeptide (termed here alpha 2) was also present in every purified calcium channel preparation studied. alpha 2 is distinct from alpha 1 in that reduction with dithiothreitol changes its apparent mass from 160-190 to 130-150 kDa. The alpha 2 subunit is not photoaffinity labeled either with (-)-[3H]azidopine or [N-methyl-3H]LU 49888. These data suggest that two distinct high molecular weight polypeptides (termed alpha 1 and alpha 2) are putative subunits of skeletal muscle calcium channels. Only the alpha 1 subunit contains both 1,4-dihydropyridine and phenylalkylamine receptors. alpha 2 is the same as the previously described alpha subunit (Curtis, B. M., and Catterall, W. A. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2113-2118), but is neither a 1,4-dihydropyridine- nor a phenylalkylamine-binding protein.
Analysis of TCP performance on multi-hop wireless networks: A cross layer approach

In Multi-Hop Wireless Networks (MHWNs), wireless nodes cooperate to forward traffic between end points that are not in direct communication range. Specifically, traffic is forwarded from a source towards its destination through intermediate nodes that form a wireless multi-hop chain. Researchers have studied the performance of TCP over chains discovering properties such as how the number of hops reduces chain throughput as neighboring links contend for the shared medium. Moreover, the presence of hidden terminals has also been shown to negatively affect performance of example chains. In this paper, we leverage recent characterization of how competing wireless links interact to develop an in-depth analysis of TCP performance over wireless chains. In particular, there are a number of possible modes of interference between competing links with distinct implications on performance and fairness; to our knowledge, this is the first work that studies the impact of these different modes on TCP chain performance. We classify chains according to interference modes considering both the forward (data) and reverse (acknowledgment) traffic. Chain geometry limits the types of chains that arise most frequently in practice. We evaluate TCP performance over the most frequently occurring chain types and observe significant performance differences between chains that have the same hop count. Different four-hop chains, for example, show a throughput difference of up to 25% and a retransmission overhead difference of over 90%. We discuss the implications of these differences on network performance: specifically, route instability and bandwidth usage generated. We extend this analysis to two single-hop TCP flows and quantify the effect of interference interactions between two flows. This study is a first step towards completely understanding the performance of multiple TCP flows over multiple hops in a MHWN.
Computer extended series for a thermally driven gas centrifuge

Linearized, multidimensional, thermally driven flow in a gas centrifuge can be approximately described in regions away from the ends by Onsager's homogeneous pancake equation.1 Upon reformulation of the general problem, we find a new, simple and rigorous closed form, analytical solution by assuming a special separable solution and replacing the usual Ekman end cap boundary conditions with idealized impermeable, free slip boundary conditions. Then the flow may be described by an ordinary differential equation with solutions in terms of simple, classical functions. By identifying a small parameter, say ϵ, defining the semi-long bowl approximation, and assuming a power series expansion in ϵ, a sequence of asymptotic approximations to the master potential is obtained. Not surprisingly, the leading order term involves the well known ‘long bowl’ solution. Using the so-called ‘solving’ property of the 1-D pancake Green's function,2 we determine the next higher order solution. This recursive process is carried out on the computer to find all the terms up to O(ϵ4). Consequently, the solution of some complex rotating, viscous, heat conducting flow problems that normally require large mainframe computers can be better understood.
Assessment of cumulative external beam and intracavitary brachytherapy organ doses in gynecologic cancers using deformable dose summation.

Abstract Purpose Due to inter-fraction variation in applicator position, organ displacement and deformation, doses to targets and normal tissues may not be accurately represented by adding the doses from external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) using rigid image registration. Deformable image registration permits organ and applicators to be spatially matched in 3D, enabling more accurate tracking of the accumulated volumetric dose to the target as well as organs at risk (OAR). This study assesses the dosimetric impact of using deformable image registration to determine the cumulative EBRT and ICBT doses to the rectum and bladder. Methods and materials Data from 20 patients with stage IB1-IVA cervical cancer were analyzed. Nine of the patients were treated with ICBT and EBRT which included a nodal or parametrium boost while eleven were treated with ICBT and EBRT with no boost. Dose summation was performed in two stages. For the first stage, only the ICBT fractional doses were added using both "parameter adding" and deformable registration techniques. In the second stage, the ICBT and EBRT doses were combined using "parameter adding" in two ways. Partial "parameter adding" considers the cumulative ICBT dose from deformable registration as one parameter while full "parameter adding" uses fractional ICBT parameters. The cumulative minimum doses to 2cc (D2cc) of the rectum and bladder were compared between deformable registration and "parameter adding" techniques. Results Dose summation of ICBT fractions only using deformable registration yielded D2cc values that were (10.1±9.5)% lower for the rectum and (7.2±6.3)% lower for the bladder compared to "parameter adding". When ICBT and EBRT doses were summed deformably, the group without EBRT boost had D2cc that were (0.0±4.6)% and (−1.2±2.9)% lower for the rectum and bladder respectively compared to partial "parameter adding". With EBRT boost, the differences were (−2.9±4.0)% and (−3.2±3.3)% for the rectum and bladder respectively. For full "parameter adding", the differences from deformable sum were (2.7±5.0)%, (2.6±5.0)% without EBRT boost and (0.6±4.8)%, (−1.5±3.7)% with EBRT boost. Conclusion Comparison of deformable dose summation with the technique of "parameter adding" suggests that "parameter adding" can be used as a good approximation of D2cc when adding ICBT and EBRT doses with or without boost. With EBRT boosts, deformable dose summation may more accurately represent dose to normal critical structures but these differences remain small compared to "parameter adding".
Mass spectrometric characterization of oat phytochrome A: Isoforms and posttranslational modifications

At least four mRNAs for oat phytochrome A (phyA) are present in etiolated oat tissue. The complete amino acid sequences of two phyA isoforms (A3 and A4) and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of a third isoform (A5) were deduced from cDNA sequencing (Hershey et al., 1985). In the present study, heterogeneity of phyA on a protein level was studied by tryptic mapping using electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry (ESIMS). The total tryptic digest of iodoacetamide-modified phyA was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ESIMS was used to identify peptides. Amino acid sequences of the peptides were confirmed or determined by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (CID MS), MS/MS, or by subdigestion of the tryptic peptides followed by ESIMS analysis. More than 97% of the phyA3 sequence (1,128 amino acid residues) was determined in the present study. Mass-spectrometric analysis of peptides unique to each form showed that phyA purified from etiolated oat seedling is represented by three isoforms A5, A3, and A4, with ratio 3.4:2.3:1.0. Possible light-induced changes in phytochrome in vivo phosphorylation site at Ser7 (Lapko VN et al., 1997, Biochemistry 36:10595-10599) as well at Ser17 and Ser598 (known as in vitro phosphorylation sites) were also analyzed. The extent of phosphorylation at Ser7 appears to be the same for phyA isolated from dark-grown and red-light illuminated seedlings. In addition to Ser7, Ser598 was identified as an in vivo phosphorylation site in oat phyA. Ser598 phosphorylation was found only in phyA from the red light-treated seedlings, suggesting that the protein phosphorylation plays a functional role in the phytochrome A-mediated light-signal transduction.
Structure–activity relationships for flow cytometric data of smaller polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Using flow cytometry, select polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated for induction of apoptosis in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Based on structure, the PAHs were divided into linear and bay-region-containing compounds. Except for fluorene, the linear PAHs failed to induce apoptosis; all of the bay-region-containing PAHs induce apoptosis. The relationship that a bay-region is required to induce apoptosis is supported by results for benzo[a]pyrene (positive) and 2-methylanthracene (negative). The data for bay-region containing, four-ringed PAH compounds reveal that possessing a linear-region of more than two rings diminishes the ability of a PAH to induce apoptosis. Owing to the steric interactions of the hydrogen atoms of the methyl group and those on the ring carbons, 1-methylanthracene does not have a true bay-region. However, the methyl group substituted in the 1-position does confer a bay-like conformation, which may explain its activity in contrast to its parent derivative anthracene an...
Ensiling of rumen contents and blood with wheat straw

Abstract Rumen contents and whole blood in the ratios 2:1 and 1:1 (w/w) were mixed with ground wheat straw in the proportions of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60 (w/w) with and without dry molasses (5% w/w). The mixtures were ensiled for 6 weeks in polyethylene bags. Weight, pH, dry matter, lactic acid, soluble carbohydrates, volatile fatty acids and crude protein were determined before and after ensiling. All silages had desirable aromas after 6 weeks fermentation, pH was between 4 and 5, and lactic acid and acetic acid levels were sufficient to ensure preservation in most of the ensiled mixtures.
Neurodegeneration mutations in dynactin impair dynein-dependent nuclear migration

Neurodegenerative disease in humans and mice can be caused by mutations affecting the microtubule motor dynein or its biochemical regulator, dynactin, a multiprotein complex required for dynein function (1–4). A single amino acid change, G59S, in the conserved cytoskeletal-associated protein glycine-rich (CAP-Gly) domain of the p150glued subunit of dynactin can cause motor neuron degeneration in humans and mice, which resembles ALS (2, 5–8). The molecular mechanism by which G59S impairs the function of dynein is not understood. Also, the relevance of the CAP-Gly domain for dynein motility has not been demonstrated in vivo. Here, we generate a mutant that is analogous to G59S in budding yeast, and show that this mutation produces a highly specific phenotype related to dynein function. The effect of the point mutation is identical to that of complete loss of the CAP-Gly domain. Our results demonstrate that the CAP-Gly domain has a critical role in the initiation and persistence of dynein-dependent movement of the mitotic spindle and nucleus, but it is otherwise dispensable for dynein-based movement. The need for this function appears to be context-dependent, and we speculate that CAP-Gly activity may only be necessary when dynein needs to overcome high force thresholds to produce movement.
Transient formation of superoxide radicals in polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced brain swelling

The involvement of superoxide free radicals and lipid peroxidation in brain swelling induced by free fatty acids has been studied in brain slices and homogenates. The polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) caused brain swelling concomitant with increases in superoxide and membrane lipid peroxidation. Palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) had no such effect. Furthermore, superoxide formation was stimulated by NADPH and scavenged by the addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase in cortical slice homogenates. These in vitro data support the hypothesis that both superoxide radicals and lipid peroxidation are involved in the mechanism of polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced brain edema.
Computerized Cognitive Training for Amelioration of Cognitive Late Effects Among Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose Children receiving CNS-directed therapy for cancer are at risk for cognitive problems, with few available empirically supported interventions. Cognitive problems indicate neurodevelopmental disruption that may be modifiable with intervention. This study evaluated short-term efficacy of a computerized cognitive training program and neural correlates of cognitive change. Patient and Methods A total of 68 survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or brain tumor (BT) with identified cognitive deficits were randomly assigned to computerized cognitive intervention (male, n = 18; female, n = 16; ALL, n = 23; BT, n = 11; mean age ± standard deviation, 12.21 ± 2.47 years) or waitlist (male, n = 18; female, n = 16; ALL, n = 24; BT, n = 10; median age ± standard deviation, 11.82 ± 2.42 years). Intervention participants were asked to complete 25 training sessions at home with weekly, telephone-based coaching. Cognitive assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (intervention g...
Military Sexual Trauma Increases Risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Thereby Amplifying the Possibility of Suicidal Ideation and Cardiovascular Disease

Military sexual trauma (MST) is a form of high betrayal trauma resulting in long-lasting physical and psychological problems. It is of major concern and must be a focus of all health care providers caring for Veterans. It is an issue requiring substantial resources, sensitivity, and compassion to ensure victims the proper requisite treatment. The victims of this abuse often times suffer from guilt, fear, anger, and shame. It creates a sense of sadness, loneliness, and anguish in many. Often sexual assault survivors are reluctant to discuss this experience because of the pain that emerges and the worry that they will be blamed or accused, thus becoming victims again. The incidence of MST among female Veterans has been reported to be as high as 40%. The accurate number is uncertain, however, since MST is known to be underreported. What is certain, however, is that this form of high betrayal trauma results in several negative consequences. 1 It is clear that MST is a form of high betrayal trauma, meaning trauma in which depended-upon-for-survival individuals harm or violate a dependent person, thus breaking the social agreement of trust. The victim of the harm, who is in a dependent position, is unable to confront or break ties with the perpetrator of the violation. This damages the victim’s well-being, self-concept, relationships, and view of the world. The dependent victim experiences a trauma where expectations and reality are incongruous. Because the victim is in a dependent position, escape is impossible and more violations may occur. 2 Because MST is a form of high betrayal trauma, it results in significant devastating long-term consequences and profound anguish in the victims. 1,2 MST, sexual assault or multiple verbal episodes of sexual harassment, results in psychological and physical problems. 3 Studies of MST among women Veterans report increased gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, neurological, and cardiovascular problems among the victims. 4 Furthermore, women who report sexual assault while in the military are more likely to report being treated for a “heart attack” in the past year than those who have no history of sexual assault. 5 MST have higher rates of PTSD than women who have experienced other types of trauma. Rape and interpersonal violence, which causes PTSD, is made even worse when it occurs in the military because of continued exposure and involvement with the perpetrator. 6 The resulting PTSD may lead to greater risk of heart disease from change in health behaviors such as smoking and decreased physical activity. Studies have also shown that there is a strong association between PTSD and worsening of physical health; greater physical limitations; poorer quality of life; and greater symptom burden of chest pain, angina, or chest tightness. 7
The Basic Principles of Continuation Methods

In the introduction some contexts were described in which underdetermined systems of nonlinear equations H(x, λ) = 0 arose. We saw that in general, such a system implicitly defines a curve or one-manifold of solution points. The theme of this book is to describe methods for numerically tracing such curves. In this chapter, we begin by describing some basic ideas. To make the context of our discussion precise, let us make the following
Capacity analysis of lattice reduction aided equalizers for MIMO systems

Lattice reduction (LR)-aided equalizers have been well studied for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems due to their great bit-error-rate (BER) improvement over linear equalizers (LEs) and relatively low complexity. In this paper, we present results on the maximum information rate (denoted as “capacity” hereafter) of MIMO transmission with LR-aided equalizers employed at the receiver. First, we derive the main steps for calculating the capacity with different equalizers. Then, we illustrate the capacity when LR-aided equalizers are adopted. We show that the capacity gap between maximum likelihood equalizer (MLE) and LR-aided LEs is linked to the orthogonality deficiency (od) of the dual of the lattice-reduced channel matrix. Although LR-aided LEs do not guarantee to improve capacity every channel realization, we give the conditions when the ergodic capacity of LR-aided LEs is greater than that of LEs, as well as when their outage diversity is the same as that of MLE. Lastly, we show numerical examples with several state-of-the-art LR algorithms to corroborate the theoretical analysis.
Basal and Interferon-Induced 2′,5′-01igoadenylate Synthetase in Human Monocytes, Lymphocytes, and Peritoneal Macrophages

ABSTRACT 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase is an intracellular enzyme induced during viral diseases and after clinical administration of interferons (IFN). Because monocytes and T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood are targets of viral infection, we compared the basal levels and induction of 2-5A synthetase activity in these three cell types. IFN-β induced significant, three- to eightfold increases in 2-5A synthetase activity in monocytes and T and B lymphocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. IFN-γ was less effective in inducing 2-5A synthetase than IFN-β, yielding up to 2.6-fold increases in monocytes and slight increases in lymphocytes in vitro. IFN-β also had greater 2-5A synthetase-inducing activity than IFN-γ in HL-60 and U937 monocytic cell lines and in human peritoneal macrophages. Baseline levels of 2-5A synthetase in untreated peripheral blood monocytes separated by adherence or density gradients were three- to fivefold higher than in lymphocytes. 2-5A synthetase levels were twofold higher i...
WEST indian species OF VARARIA with NOTES ON EXTRALIMITAL species

(1965). West Indian Species of Vararia with Notes on Extralimital Species. Mycologia: Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 502-520.
Metabolism of tyramine by smooth muscle preparations in vitro.

SummaryDuring incubation of tyramie with rabbit aorta or stomach muscle, tyramine is metabolized as evidenced by a significant decrease in the amount of p-hydroxyphenyl and primary amine groups of tyramine and by concomitant changes in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the incubation mixture. Chromatographic analysis revealed the appearance of p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as well as 5 unknown phenolic spots. One of these spots has been tentatively identified as 3.4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The decrease of p-hydroxyphenyl groups of tyramine is probably accounted for by its conversion to dihydroxy or β-hydroxy compounds which given less color in the analytical procedure used.The author wishes to thank Dr. Robert F. Furchgott for his interest and encouragement during this investigation.
The Influence of Chemical Kinetics on the Structure of Hydrogen-Air Detonations

Two-dimensional simulations of a detonation propagating through a 4 cm wide channel filled with a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture using two different models for the chemical kinetics are presented: a single-step model calibrated to compute deflagrationto-detonation transitions in hydrogen-air mixtures and a 9-species, 27-reaction mechanism specially constructed for high-pressure combustion. The detonations in both cases are qualitatively similar. Shock triple points that form along the leading edge of the front cause it to be highly corrugated and non-uniform. The trajectories of these triple points are recorded by storing the maximum pressure at each location in space. The cellular patterns formed on these numerical smoke foils are found to differ from those recorded in past experiments. The single-step model produces a hierarchy of cell structures in which the largest structures are comparable in size to experimental ones, but incomplete. Cells are incomplete at the largest scale and over an order of magnitude too small at the smallest scale. While the 27-reaction mechanism produces more regular cells, they are a factor of 3–4 smaller than those found in experiments. Agreement between the present simulation results and others found in the literature suggests that there may be a problem with using detailed thermochemical models for the extreme pressures and temperatures encountered when simulating an unstable detonation. Modifications to the single-step model parameters are presented that produce a one-dimensional detonation structure and constant volume ignition delay times that are similar to those computed using the detailed thermochemical mechanism. The two-dimensional cellular structure computed using this modified single-step reaction model is also similar to that of the 27-reaction mechanism.