cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plethysmography measurements of respiratory function in conscious unrestrained mice

Whole body plethysmography (WBP) is used to quantify pulmonary function in conscious, unrestrained mice. We determined currently whether time of day and environmental lighting influence day-to-day reproducibility of pulmonary function, and quantifed the necessary habituation time in the WBP chamber. Two-month-old male C57BL6 and mdx mice (n = 8/group, reverse light cycle), were examined on consecutive days using a calibrated WBP chamber and manufacturer software was used to calculate respiratory measures. Respiratory data stabilized between 5-10 min for all variables. Mice exhibited time of day respiratory differences, performing more forceful and less frequent breaths midday (11:45 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.) compared to 7:30 a.m. WBP performed in darkened conditions elicited more forceful breathing than lit conditions. Day-to-day reproducibility during controlled conditions ranged from r(2) = 0.58 to 0.62 for the functional measures. Findings indicate reproducible respiratory data are obtainable following a 15-min chamber habituation and standardization of time of day and room lighting.
Ion association in AlCl3 aqueous solutions from constrained first-principles molecular dynamics.

The Car-Parrinello-based molecular dynamics (CPMD) method was used to investigate the ion-pairing behavior between Cl(-) and Al(3+) ions in an aqueous AlCl(3) solution containing 63 water molecules. A series of constrained simulations was carried out at 300 K for up to 16 ps each, with the internuclear separation (r(Al-Cl)) between the Al(3+) ion and one of the Cl(-) ions held constant. The calculated potential of mean force (PMF) of the Al(3+)-Cl(-) ion pair shows a global minimum at r(Al-Cl) = 2.3 A corresponding to a contact ion pair (CIP). Two local minima assigned to solvent-separated ion pairs (SSIPs) are identified at r(Al-Cl) = 4.4 and 6.0 A. The positions of the free energy minima coincide with the hydration-shell intervals of the Al(3+) cation, suggesting that the Cl(-) ion is inclined to reside in regions with low concentrations of water molecules, that is, between the first and second hydration shells of Al(3+) and between the second shell and the bulk. A detailed analysis of the solvent structure around the Al(3+) and Cl(-) ions as a function of r(Al-Cl) is presented. The results are compared to structural data from X-ray measurements and unconstrained CPMD simulations of single Al(3+) and Cl(-) ions and AlCl(3) solutions. The dipole moments of the water molecules in the first and second hydration shells of Al(3+) and in the bulk region and those of Cl(-) ions were calculated as a function of r(Al-Cl). Major changes in the electronic structure of the system were found to result from the removal of Cl(-) from the first hydration shell of the Al(3+) cation. Finally, two unconstrained CPMD simulations of aqueous AlCl(3) solutions corresponding to CIP and SSIP configurations were performed (17 ps, 300 K). Only minor structural changes were observed in these systems, confirming their stability.
Molecular View of Fracture in Amorphous Elastomers

Abstract Perhaps the first question coming to mind is, what does the strength of a body represent? It is natural to suppose that fracture of an elastomer involves rupture of molecular chains which interesect the fracture plane. The theoretical strength should then be the sum of the strengths of individual ruptured bonds. Computation of strength in this way involves estimating the number and nature of bonds to be broken and forces required. Bueche performed such a computation and his estimated strength was at least a thousand times as great as that usually observed. In essence, analysis suggests that rupture occurs before the average chain bond in a vulcanizate is anywhere near the maximum breaking load. A preliminary explanation for this effect was advanced by Bueche, who suggested that a specimen ruptures by a process which concentrates high local stress upon a few chains in the fracture cross section. The chains rupture under this high stress throwing stress on neighboring chains. The increased load on ...
Energy-efficient resource management for high-performance computing platforms

In the past decade, high-performance computing (HPC) platforms like clusters and computational grids have been widely used to solve challenging and rigorous engineering tasks in industry and scientific applications. Due to extremely high energy cost, reducing energy consumption has become a major concern in designing economical and environmentally friendly HPC infrastructures for many applications. In this dissertation, we first describe a general architecture for building energy-efficient HPC infrastructures, where energy-efficient techniques can be incorporated in each layer of the proposed architecture. Next, we developed an array of energy-efficient scheduling as well as energy-aware load balancing algorithms for high-performance clusters, computational grids, and large-scale storage systems. The primary goal of this dissertation research is to minimize energy consumption while maintaining reasonably high performance by incorporating energy-aware resource management techniques to HPC platforms. We have conducted extensive simulation experiments using both synthetic and real world applications to quantitatively evaluate both energy efficiency and performance of our proposed energy-efficient scheduling and load balancing strategies. Experimental results show that our approaches can reduce energy dissipation in HPC platforms without significantly degrading system performance.
Cannabis-induced psychosis associated with high potency "wax dabs"

With mounting evidence that the risk of cannabis-induced psychosis may be related to both dose and potency of tetrahydrocannbinol (THC), increasing reports of psychosis associated with cannabinoids containing greater amounts of THC are anticipated. We report two cases of emergent psychosis after using a concentrated THC extract known as cannabis "wax," "oil," or "dabs" raising serious concerns about its psychotic liability. Although "dabbing" with cannabis wax is becoming increasingly popular in the US for both recreational and "medicinal" intentions, our cases raise serious concerns about its psychotic liability and highlight the importance of understanding this risk by physicians recommending cannabinoids for purported medicinal purposes.
Application of Soft X-Ray Lasers to Neutral Cluster Chemistry

This presentation provides a review and overview of the chemical studies that are possible with the aid of a soft X-ray (EUV) laser. The laser operates from 1 to 10 Hz with an output energy/pulse of ~ 10 μJ at a wavelength of 46.9 nm (26.44 eV/photon). This cluster single photon ionization source is coupled to a time of flight mass spectrometer and is employed to study a large variety of neutral clusters to learn their distribution, reactions, and catalytic chemistry behavior. The presentation demonstrates the advantages of this apparatus through comparisons of mass spectra obtained with other laser ionization sources (6.4 and 10.5 eV/photon) for the same or comparable samples. The future directions for such studies are presented and a new photoelectron/mass spectrometer constructed around a soft X-ray/EUV photon source is planned and discussed.
The Relevance for Antitrust Policy of Theoretical and Empirical Advances in Industrial Organization

This paper discusses some of the recent theoretical and empirical advances in industrial organization over the last decade or two and explains their relevance, if any, to the analysis of antitrust problems. After discussing the very broad area of game theory, I move on to discuss some specific areas where theory has improved our understanding of certain industry practices, such as strategic behavior, raising rivals' costs and tie-ins. I also discuss some provocative work by Sutton that links high concentration to fierce competition. On the empirical side, I discuss some breakthroughs in structural demand estimation, merger simulation, and in the modeling of entry and exit. In the discussions of these new theoretical and empirical results, I highlight their likely relevance for antitrust practitioners.
Declawing has no effect on biting behavior but does affect adoption outcomes for domestic cats in an animal shelter

Abstract Opponents of declawing contend that it causes behavioral problems, whereas others, including the American Veterinary Medical Association, state that because destructive scratching is a risk factor for relinquishment and euthanasia, declawing is a reasonable alternative. If declawing causes behavior problems, the declawing of cats would put them at higher risk of surrender and euthanasia. If declawing is assumed to cause behavior problems, declawed cats could be at higher risk for lack of adoption and subsequent euthanasia at shelters. We compared the estimate of the percentage of declawed cats in the general population to that found in the shelter population. We also examined the possible relationships between declawing and biting behavior, length of stay in a shelter, and euthanasia. Finally, we compared the number of actual biting cats in the shelter to estimates of cats surrendered to shelters at large for the stated reason of biting. In post hoc exploratory analyses, in addition to declaw status, we included other variables that could contribute to predicting the likelihood of a cat biting, of being euthanized or of staying longer in a shelter. Biting behavior was operationalized as contact between a cat’s teeth and a human such that the human’s skin was broken. We found that declawed cats were significantly underrepresented in the shelter as compared to estimates in the population at large (p
Island Formation on Pt/Pd(557) Surface Alloys in the Presence of Adsorbed CO: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Stepped surfaces of bimetallic Pt/Pd alloys were exposed to a range of coverages of adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Metal–CO interactions for both metals were parametrized from experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, providing classical potentials that capture the atop binding preference on Pt and the hollow/bridge preference on Pd. The MD simulations indicate significant restructuring in the surface alloy, with Pt-rich islands forming on the Pd substrate within 60 ns. The time dependence of the surface domain sizes and the dynamics of nearest-neighbor metal populations suggest that multilayer Pt islands form more rapidly in the presence of adsorbed CO. We find that the different binding preference of CO adsorbed to the two metals can help explain the observed stabilization of the Pd surface structures as well as the roughening of the Pt step edges. Because the CO acts to lower the surface energy of the Pt, we conclude that the mechanism...
Stitched Groupies: A Playful Self-Photo Co-creation Activity

We have designed and implemented a photo co-creation activity, “Stitched Groupies,” in a photo-taking and sharing platform called the #selfiestation. The system allows users to take and combine photos with peers so that they can cre-ate photos collaboratively and asynchronously across phys-ical boundaries. Our work aims to connect users through creative photo co-creations and we are especially inter-ested whether the mechanism can provide a light-weight and playful way to create new social ties.
Mechanistic Rationalization of Unusual Kinetics in Pd-Catalyzed C–H Olefination

Detailed kinetic studies and novel graphical manipulations of reaction progress data in Pd(II)-catalyzed olefinations in the presence of mono-N-protected amino acid ligands reveal anomalous concentration dependences (zero order in o-CF3-phenylacetic acid concentration, zero order in oxygen pressure, and negative orders in both olefin and product concentrations), leaving the catalyst concentration as the sole positive driving force in the reaction. NMR spectroscopic studies support the proposal that rate inhibition by the olefinic substrate and product is caused by formation of reversible off-cycle reservoirs that remove catalyst from the active cycle. NMR studies comparing the interaction between the catalyst and substrate in the presence and absence of the ligand suggest that weak coordination of the ligand to Pd prevents formation of an inactive mixed acetate species. A fuller understanding of these features may lead to the design of more efficient Pd(II) catalysts for this potentially powerful C–H func...
Muscle Atrophy at Presentation of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Demographics and Duration of Symptoms

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe the demographics and duration of symptoms of patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who present with muscle atrophy. Methods: We identified 146 patients who presented to the hand surgery clinic at a single institution over a 5-year period with an initial diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome based on history and physical examination. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to determine if there was a difference in demographic data, physical examination findings, and duration of symptoms in patients who presented with muscle atrophy from those with sensory complaints alone. Results: A total of 17/146 (11.6%) of patients presented with muscle atrophy, all of which were men. In all, 17.2% of men presented with atrophy. Age by itself was not a predictor of presentation with atrophy; however, younger patients with atrophy presented with significantly shorter duration of symptoms. Patients under the age of 29 years presenting with muscle atrophy on average had symptoms for 2.4 months compared with 16.2 months of symptoms for those over 55 years of age. Conclusions: Men with cubital tunnel syndrome are more likely to present with muscle atrophy than women. Age is not necessarily a predictor of presentation with atrophy. There is a subset population of younger patients who presents with extremely short duration of symptoms that rapidly develops muscle atrophy.
Surveillance for prostate cancer: are the proceduralists running amok?

In my experience, being treated for low-volume Gleason 6 tumors is the norm, not the exception, for men in the United States. Surveillance may be discussed as an option, but it is not taken seriously.
Homogeneous oxidation of SbIII by aqueous O2: the effect of ionic strength, Pb2+ and EDTA

Environmental context Why does antimony become mobile faster in shooting range soils than in laboratory settings? We used controlled experiments and found that increased salinity and the presence of lead (which occurs with antimony at shooting ranges because they are both used in bullets) accelerate the change of antimony to a form that moves more easily through the watershed. This work helps explain the behaviour of this important pollutant – antimony – in the environment. Abstract Antimony (Sb) is a recognised contaminant of concern. The oxidation state of antimony controls its mobility in soil and aqueous environments. The predominance of SbV (as compared with SbIII) in shooting range soils and outflows downstream from stibnite deposits indicates the fast oxidation of SbIII to SbV. To better understand chemical controls on SbIII oxidation to SbV, we performed batch experiments, testing the effect of ionic strength, the presence of a complexing agent—the disodium salt of EDTA (Na2EDTA), and the addition of lead (Pb2+), on the apparent oxidation rate of SbIII to SbV. We also tested whether aqueous FeII reduces SbV to SbIII. We found that the rate of SbIII oxidation increased with increasing ionic strength. We proposed that the reactive species is Sb(OH)2+. The rate of SbIII oxidation was also increased owing to the catalytic effect of Pb2+. The complexation by EDTA decreased the rate of SbIII oxidation to SbV; however, the catalytic effect of Pb2+ was also evident in the systems with EDTA. Although thermodynamically favourable, the reduction of SbV by FeII was not observed in our samples reacted for up to 2 months. The results further explain the absence of SbIII in the shooting range soils, where metallic bullets, containing lead and antimony, undergo oxidation. The potential chemical factors contributing to the fast oxidation observed in the field include the presence of high concentrations of Pb2+, which catalyses the oxidation of SbIII to SbV, and potentially high ionic strength of the soil pore waters.
Channel modelling based on statistical analysis for brain-computer-interface (BCI) applications

This poster showcases the experimental set up and the transmission characteristics of an ECog signal emitted by an implanted UWB transmitter in the human brain. We study the signal characteristics as it traverses medium like tissue fluid and blood to reach a UWB receiver, placed externally on the head.
School-based linguistic and cultural revitalization as a local practice: Sakha language education in the city of Yakutsk, Russian Federation

In the 1990s, efforts were launched in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation to support the revival of Sakha (Yakut) language education. This interdisciplinary study examines th...
Case 102: A Case of Preoperative Sinus Tachycardia

Today you are to anesthetize a 42-year-old male (54 kg, 4′11″, ASA 3) for a revision of his left total hip replacement. He has ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic pain. His past surgical history is significant for hip surgery and previous two spinal fusions. He reports no allergies or previous anesthesia problems. He takes lisinopril, simvastatin, and Vicodin. He denies taking herbal medication and/or illicit drugs. He smokes ten cigarettes a day and drinks two–four beers at the weekend.
FTO-Dependent N 6 -Methyladenosine Regulates Cardiac Function During Remodeling and Repair.

Background: Despite its functional importance in various fundamental bioprocesses, studies of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in the heart are lacking. Here, we show that the FTO (fat mass and obesity-ass...
Observations of the CMB Spectrum

A review is given of the status of direct measurements of the spectrum of the CMB prior to COBE.
HISTOGENESIS OF DEVELOPING DOPAMINE NEURONS IN CELL AGGREGATES IN VITRO

ABSTRACT Self-assembly of dissociated embryonic central dopamine neurons in the presence or absence of normal target cells in vitro shows that a) substantia nigra neurons in aggregates formed from mouse midbrain cell suspensions retain the capacity for selective association with one another, segregate into dense bands, and develop increasing levels of dopamine with time in culture; b) neostriatal cells aggregated alone contain no dopamine; c) coaggregates formed by commingled substantia nigra and neostriatal cells exhibit no segregation of dopamine neurons, but contain abundant catecholamine fluorescent varicosities and twice the amount of dopamine formed in aggregates of substantia nigra cells alone.
Kinship: The Tie that Binds (Disciplines)

As disciplines, evolutionary psychology and behavior genetics have independent—and even antagonistic—histories, assumptions, and methodologies. One point of intersection, however, is their mutual investment in, and reliance on, the concept of kinship. I argue that this mutual concern might serve as common ground supporting an interdisciplinary investigation into the developmental and evolutionary causes of individual differences. In particular, I argue that the statistical main effects reported by each discipline are not particularly illuminating, and that what is needed is a combined effort to unravel the nature of nurture—the rules of epigenesis. To this end I outline a research program which would: (a) identify traits for which heritable variations are adaptive, versus traits for which heritable variations are simply “genetic junk;” then (b) determine how both heritable and non-heritable differences map onto life history strategies.
DD5: Fahrlässige oder vorsätzliche Seelenverletzung – Psychozid (Juni 2005)

Wer ist verantwortlich? „Mein Kind ist missraten.“ – „Der gute Mitarbeiter hat sich uberraschend schlecht entwickelt.“ – „Wir haben uber sie gelacht, sie ist so wahnsinnig fett.“ – „Ich betruge dich schon seit Jahren und du bloder Hund merkst nichts. Jetzt habe ich dich ganz satt.“ – „Ach Kind, du wirst einmal schwer eine Frau finden. Du bist klein.“
Concurrent Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills and the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing

The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the concurrent validity of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) with the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP)...
The Patient’s Personality, Personality Types, Traits, and Disorders in the CL Setting

Personality is formed by the interaction of genetic predisposition with early environment and the accumulation of experiences and learning, much of which is influenced by cultural and socio-economic factors. Genetic and experiential contributions to personality and the brain mechanisms underlying personality disorders are discussed. Short of disorder, patients’ personality types or styles interact with the sick role and hospitalization. Optimal approaches to patients’ personality types are discussed.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lung: An Extremely Rare Condition in Adults

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the lung were first reported in 1939. The most common site of predilection is the lungs of the pediatric population. They are extremely rare in adults, constituting less than 1% of adult lung tumors. They are mesenchymal neoplasms that may arise in the soft tissues of almost every organ. IMTs often arise from excessive inflammatory response, and as the name implies, they are composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils.
The mitogenome of the California grunion (Leuresthes tenuis)

We report the complete mitogenome for the California grunion (Leuresthes tenuis), a beach-spawning silverside fish endemic to eastern Pacific coastal waters of California, USA and Baja California, ...
Self-exciting fluid dynamos

This is the book everyone interested in dynamo theory has been waiting for, the second and greatly expanded edition of Magnetic Field Generation in Electrically Conducting Fluids by Keith Moffatt. ...
Covert Cross-Feeding Revealed by Genome-Wide Analysis of Fitness Determinants in a Synthetic Bacterial Mutualism.

ABSTRACT Microbial interactions abound in natural ecosystems and shape community structure and function. Substantial attention has been given to cataloging mechanisms by which microbes interact, but there is a limited understanding of the genetic landscapes that promote or hinder microbial interactions. We previously developed a mutualistic coculture pairing Escherichia coli and Rhodopseudomonas palustris, wherein E. coli provides carbon to R. palustris in the form of glucose fermentation products and R. palustris fixes N2 gas and provides nitrogen to E. coli in the form of NH4+. The stable coexistence and reproducible trends exhibited by this coculture make it ideal for interrogating the genetic underpinnings of a cross-feeding mutualism. Here, we used random barcode transposon sequencing (RB-TnSeq) to conduct a genome-wide search for E. coli genes that influence fitness during cooperative growth with R. palustris. RB-TnSeq revealed hundreds of genes that increased or decreased E. coli fitness in a mutualism-dependent manner. Some identified genes were involved in nitrogen sensing and assimilation, as expected given the coculture design. The other identified genes were involved in diverse cellular processes, including energy production and cell wall and membrane biogenesis. In addition, we discovered unexpected purine cross-feeding from R. palustris to E. coli, with coculture rescuing growth of an E. coli purine auxotroph. Our data provide insight into the genes and gene networks that can influence a cross-feeding mutualism and underscore that microbial interactions are not necessarily predictable a priori. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities impact life on Earth in profound ways, including driving global nutrient cycles and influencing human health and disease. These community functions depend on the interactions that resident microbes have with the environment and each other. Thus, identifying genes that influence these interactions will aid the management of natural communities and the use of microbial consortia as biotechnology. Here, we identified genes that influenced Escherichia coli fitness during cooperative growth with a mutualistic partner, Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Although this mutualism centers on the bidirectional exchange of essential carbon and nitrogen, E. coli fitness was positively and negatively affected by genes involved in diverse cellular processes. Furthermore, we discovered an unexpected purine cross-feeding interaction. These results contribute knowledge on the genetic foundation of a microbial cross-feeding interaction and highlight that unanticipated interactions can occur even within engineered microbial communities.
“Free Food on Campus!”: A Novel Use of Instructional Technology to Reduce University Food Waste and Feed Hungry Students

Food insecurity among college students exceeds levels of household food insecurity in the United States, and is a growing problem. Simultaneously, large quantities of food are wasted on college cam...
Efficacy of corn dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement for soybean meal in Boer-cross goat finishing diets

Abstract Due to increased use of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in animal feed and accessibility of ethanol plants in the Midwest, the effect of feeding DDGS in place of soybean meal (SBM) on growth, economics, carcass characteristics, backfat fatty acid profiles, and fecal microbiome of Boer-cross goats was evaluated. Forty-eight Boer-cross goats (approximately 70 d of age; 28.21 ± 0.96 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments were 0 %, 33 %, 66 %, or 100 % DDGS replacing SBM, equating to the inclusion of 0 % (0DDGS), 10.3 % (10DDGS), 20.5 % (20DDGS), or 31.1 % (30DDGS) DDGS in the total diet. The inclusion rates of corn and soybean hulls were adjusted to maintain isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Goats were provided ad libitum access to feed and water for 47 d. There were 3 goats/pen and 4 pens/treatment. The inclusion of DDGS linearly improved (P = 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F; P = 0.001), without affecting average daily feed intake (ADFI; P > 0.10) in goats fed DDGS in place of SBM. Feed cost/kg gain decreased (P
Measuring colloid-surface interaction forces in parallel using fluorescence centrifuge force microscopy.

Interactions between colloidal-scale structures govern the physical properties of soft and biological materials, and knowledge of the forces associated with these interactions is critical for understanding and controlling these materials. A common approach to quantify colloidal interactions is to measure the interaction forces between colloids and a fixed surface. The centrifuge force microscope (CFM), a miniaturized microscope inside a centrifuge, is capable of performing hundreds of force measurements in parallel over a wide force range (10−2 to 104 pN), but CFM instruments are not widely used to measure colloid–surface interaction forces. In addition, current CFM instruments rely on brightfield illumination and are not capable of fluorescence microscopy. Here we present a fluorescence CFM (F-CFM) that combines both fluorescence and brightfield microscopy and demonstrate its use for measuring microscale colloidal-surface interaction forces. The F-CFM operates at speeds up to 5000 RPM, 2.5× faster than those previously reported, yielding a 6.25× greater maximum force than previous instruments. A battery-powered GoPro video camera enables real-time viewing of the microscopy video on a mobile device, and frequency analysis of the audio signal correlates centrifuge rotational speed with the video signal. To demonstrate the capability of the F-CFM, we measure the force required to detach hundreds of electrostatically stabilized colloidal microspheres attached to a charged glass surface as a function of ionic strength and compare the resulting force distributions with an approximated DLVO theory. The F-CFM will enable microscale force measurements to be correlated with fluorescence imaging in soft and biological systems.
Spontaneous Hemoptysis in a Patient With COVID-19.

Case Presentation A 65-year-old man presented with shortness of breath, gradually worsening for the previous 2 weeks, associated with dry cough, sore throat, and diarrhea. He denied fever, chills, chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. He did not have any sick contacts or travel history outside of Michigan. His medical history included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, morbid obesity, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and tobacco use. He was taking amiodarone, carvedilol, furosemide, pregabalin, and insulin. The patient appeared to be in mild respiratory distress. He was afebrile and had saturation at 93% on 3 L of oxygen, heart rate of 105 beats/min, BP of 145/99 mm Hg, and respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min. On auscultation, there were crackles on bilateral lung bases and chronic bilateral leg swelling with hyperpigmented changes. His WBC count was 6.0 K/cumm (3.5 to 10.6 K/cumm) with absolute lymphocyte count 0.7 K/cumm (1.0 to 3.8 K/cumm); serum creatinine was 2.81 mg/dL (0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL). He had elevated inflammatory markers (serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and creatinine phosphokinase). Chest radiography showed bilateral pulmonary opacities that were suggestive of multifocal pneumonia ( Fig 1 ). Nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Therapy was started with ceftriaxone, doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine, and methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg IV for 3 days. By day 3 of hospitalization, he required endotracheal intubation, vasopressor support, and continuous renal replacement. Blood cultures were negative; respiratory cultures revealed only normal oral flora, so antibiotic therapy was discontinued. On day 10, WBC count increased to 28 K/cumm, and chest radiography showed persistent bilateral opacities with left lower lobe consolidation. Repeat respiratory cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Table 1 ). Antibiotic therapy with IV meropenem was started. His condition steadily improved; eventually by day 20, he was off vasopressors and was extubated. However, on day 23, he experienced significant hemoptysis that required reintubation and vasopressor support.
Timing of venous thromboembolism diagnosis in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Abstract Background The reported incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients varies widely depending on patient populations sampled and has been predominately studied in hospitalized patients. The goal of this study was to assess the evolving burden of COVID-19 and the timing of associated VTE events in a systems-wide cohort. Methods COVID-19 PCR positive hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients ≥18 years of age tested between 1/1/2020 through 12/31/2020 were retrospectively analyzed using electronic medical records from multiple states across the Mayo Clinic enterprise. Radiology reports within 90 days before and after confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were examined for VTE outcomes using validated Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms. Results A 29-fold increased rate of VTE compared to the pre-COVID-19 period was noted during the first week following the first positive COVID-19 test (RR: 29.39; 95% CI 21.77-40.03). The rate of VTE steadily decreased and returned to baseline by the 6th week. Among 366 VTE events, most occurred during (n = 243, 66.3%) or after (n = 111, 30.3%) initial hospitalization. Only 11 VTE events were identified in patients who did not require hospitalization (3.0% of total VTE events). VTE and mortality increased with advancing age with a pronounced increased each decade in older patients. Conclusion We observed a profoundly increased risk of VTE within the first week after positive testing for COVID-19 that returned to baseline levels after 6 weeks. VTE events occurred almost exclusively in patients who were hospitalized, with the majority of VTE events identified within the first days of hospitalization.
Modulation of Neuronal Potassium Channels During Auditory Processing

The extraction and localization of an auditory stimulus of interest from among multiple other sounds, as in the 'cocktail-party' situation, requires neurons in auditory brainstem nuclei to encode the timing, frequency, and intensity of sounds with high fidelity, and to compare inputs coming from the two cochleae. Accurate localization of sounds requires certain neurons to fire at high rates with high temporal accuracy, a process that depends heavily on their intrinsic electrical properties. Studies have shown that the membrane properties of auditory brainstem neurons, particularly their potassium currents, are not fixed but are modulated in response to changes in the auditory environment. Here, we review work focusing on how such modulation of potassium channels is critical to shaping the firing pattern and accuracy of these neurons. We describe how insights into the role of specific channels have come from human gene mutations that impair localization of sounds in space. We also review how short-term and long-term modulation of these channels maximizes the extraction of auditory information, and how errors in the regulation of these channels contribute to deficits in decoding complex auditory information.
A World of Nations and the United Nations

The United States is part of one world, this world in particular, whether we like it or not. This essay has to do with the implications of the existence of this one world. Is the world likely to be better off if the people can freely interact worldwide and make decisions applicable to the world as a whole? Or is it, in some sense, more likely to be better off if particular nations can and do make decisions that are designed to benefit their nation even though they may adversely affect the world, and the world has no leverage for saying to them: Nay?
Data Replication in Cooperative Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

The mobile computing environment provides many benefits such as ubiquitous access to computing but includes constraints on resources such as available bandwidth and battery life. Replication is a widely recognized method for balancing the demands of storage space with bandwidth and battery life. We propose a novel scheme that seeks to strategically balance these constrained resources through a cooperative game-theory approach for replication in a mobile environment. Our replication strategy relies on the cooperation of the nodes within the network to make replica caching decisions which are spatiotemporally local-optimal for the network from an energy and bandwidth conservation standpoint. In cooperative altruistic data replication, each node calculates the net global benefit, for caching a replica of the requested data, as the result data is returned from the responding node to the requesting node, where it determines the spatiotemporally local-optimal node for replicating the data item. Performance results from our research indicate that our scheme, CADR, improves the query response time by 25 and 45 %, mean hop count is improved by 26 and 46 %, query error is reduced by 30 and 48 %, while energy utilization is reduced 30 and 57 % when compared with both another game theoretic replication approach and standard cooperative caching respectively.
Absence of structural correlations of magnetic defects in the heavy-fermion compound LiV 2 O 4

Magnetic defects arising from structural imperfections have pronounced effects on the magnetic properties of the face-centered cubic normal-spinel structure compound ${\text{LiV}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{4}$. High-energy x-ray diffraction studies were performed on ${\text{LiV}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{4}$ single crystals to search for superstructure peaks or other evidence of spatial correlations in the arrangement of the crystal defects present in the lattice. Entire reciprocal lattice planes were mapped out with the help of synchrotron radiation. No noticeable differences in the x-ray diffraction data between a crystal with high magnetic defect concentration and a crystal with low magnetic defect concentration were found. This indicates the absence of any long-range periodicity or short-range correlations in the arrangements of the crystal/magnetic defects.
Very high resolution precipitation climatologies from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation radar

[1] To investigate processes related to the interaction of topography and precipitation, a tropics-wide (±36° latitude) high resolution (0.1°) ten year (1998–2007) rainfall climatology is presented from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) using algorithm 2A25 version 6 near-surface rain. We observe a tight coupling between precipitation and topography with distinct precipitation-topography relationships present in northwest South America and South Asia. An error model is developed by subsampling the TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis as sampled by the PR. The error model predicts observed sampling error as a function of resolution, rain rate and sampling frequency with an r2 of 0.82. This error model indicates that the precipitation climatology at 0.1° resolution does resolve precipitation gradients in regions with large average daily rain totals including the Andes, Western Ghats, and Himalaya.
The World Through Darwin's Lens

Darwin. Niles Eldredge, curator. At the American Museum of Natural History, New York, through 29 May 2006;. Museum of Science, Boston, 2 December 2006 to 22 April 2007;. Field Museum, Chicago, 15 June 2007 to 1 January 2008;. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, 8 March 2008 to 4 August 2008;. Natural History Museum, London, October 2008 to March 2009. www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin Darwin. Discovering the Tree of Life. By Niles Eldredge. Norton, New York, 2005. 272 pp. $35. ISBN: 0-393-05966-9. An exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, "Origins" presents a comprehensive collection of artifacts and displays that illustrate the life of Charles Darwin and the intellectual formation of his theory of evolution.
Intracerebral hemorrhages and syncytium formation induced by endothelial cell infection with a murine leukemia virus

The mechanisms of endothelial cell damage that lead to cerebral hemorrhage are not completely understood. In this study, a cloned murine retrovirus, TR1.3, that uniformly induced stroke in neonatal BALB/c mice is described. Restriction digest mapping suggests that TR1.3 is part of the Friend murine leukemia virus (FMuLV) family. However, unlike mice exposed to other FMuLVs, mice infected with TR1.3 virus developed tremors and seizures within 8 to 18 days postinoculation. This was uniformly followed by paralysis and death within 1 to 2 days. Postmortem examination of TR1.3-inoculated mice revealed edematous brain tissue with large areas of intracerebral hemorrhage. Histologic analysis revealed prominent small vessel pathology including syncytium formation of endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of frozen brain sections using double fluorescence staining demonstrated that TR1.3 virus specifically infected small vessel endothelial cells. Although infection of vessel endothelial cells was detected in several organs, only brain endothelial cells displayed viral infection associated with hemorrhage. The primary determinant of TR1.3-induced neuropathogenicity was found to reside within a 3.0-kb fragment containing the 3' end of the pol gene, the env gene, and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat. The restricted tropism and acute pathogenicity of this cloned murine retrovirus provide a model for studying virus-induced stroke and for elucidating the mechanisms involved in syncytium formation by retroviruses in vivo.
A Distributed Approach to Problem Solving in Maple

A system is described whereby a Maple computation can be distributed across a network of computers running Unix. The distribution is based on the DSC system, which can ship source code and input data to carefully selected computers for execution and which can retrieve the produced output data. Our code is fully portable and requires no changes of the underlying Maple or Unix systems. Speedup over Maple’ s built-in sequential procedure is demonstrated when computing determinants of integer matrices.
Inversion of strongly scattering data: imaging and structure synthesis

In this paper we explain some of the difficulties encountered in implementing this approach and how they have been successfully addressed. We show examples of reconstructions using real data taken from the US Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Ipswich data set and also show examples of synthesizing structures similar to these which have prescribed scattering patterns in certain directions
Outreach and Engagement through Instagram: Experiences with the Herman B Wells Library Account

Instagram, a social media tool designed for photo sharing, is increasingly being used as an outreach and engagement tool by academic libraries. Current successful strategies used by academic libraries are discussed, including lessons learned from running the Herman B Wells Library’s account and future plans for the account. The author considers the place of Instagram in the Wells Library’s social media presence, its value, and how it complements other platforms. Finally, worries about tension between students and libraries, an authority figure, and whether students want libraries in their social media spaces are addressed.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are endogenous regulators of vasoactive neuropeptide release from trigeminal ganglion neurons.

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1530–1542. Abstract Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are bioactive eicosanoids produced from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. We previously described the expression of cytochrome P450-2J epoxygenase in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons and that EETs signaling is involved in cerebrovascular dilation resulting from perivascular nerve stimulation. In this study, we evaluate the presence of the EETs signaling pathway in trigeminal ganglion neurons and their role in modulating the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by trigeminal ganglion neurons. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry identified the presence of each of the four EETs regio-isomers within primary trigeminal ganglion neurons. Stimulation for 1 h with the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel agonist capsaicin (100 nmol/L) or depolarizing K+ (60 mmol/L) increased CGRP release as measured by ELISA. Stimulation-evoked CGRP release was attenuated by 30 min pre-treatment with the EETs antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE, 10 μmol/L). K+ stimulation elevated CGRP release 2.9 ± 0.3-fold above control levels, whereas in the presence of 14,15-EEZE K+-evoked CGRP release was significantly reduced to 1.1 ± 0.2-fold above control release (p < 0.01 anova, n = 6). 14,15-EEZE likewise attenuated capsaicin-evoked CGRP release from trigeminal ganglion neurons (p < 0.05 anova, n = 6). Similarly, pre-treatment with the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor attenuated stimulation-evoked CGRP release. These data demonstrate that EETs are endogenous constituents of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons and suggest that they may act as intracellular regulators of neuropeptide release, which may have important clinical implications for treatment of migraine, stroke and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Danishness, Nordic Amnesia and Immigrant Museums

Museums' images and narratives play an active role in the construction of collective memories. Since collective memories are integral to the politics of social and group identity, most of the controversy surrounding museums' representational practices depart from the question of who "owns" memory and what form of remembrance ought to be presented (Prosise 2003). Through an exploration of the Danish Immigration Museum's website, in this article the author discusses the dynamics existent between DIM's representational practices and its politics of exhibiting other cultures. In order to render intelligible such dynamics, the politics of remem- brance (of particular cultural elements) and oblivion (of other elements) within the museum's system of representation are scrutinized. Methodologically this means that questions concerning the "semiotics" of meaning production—how the museum classifies, categorizes, and represents other cultures—are not dissociated from the "politics" of meaning production—how the museum construct, through the objects it chooses to display and the narratives it chooses to tell, master narratives about itself. Accordingly, the representations of other cultures invariably involve the presentation of self-portraits, in that those who are observed are possibly eclipsed by the observer. The article's goal is to address how colonial legacies—with their epistemic and ontological violence—continue to inform, implicitly, current dynamics of representations in Dan- ish museums.
IRAS observations of normal galaxies: The UGC redshift sample

We have used a large sample of nearly 2000 UGC galaxies with known redshifts and IRAS 60 and 100 µm detections to identify some fundamental correlations between the far infrared (FIR) and optical properties of normal galaxies and to assess the principal dust heating mechanisms that allow a galaxy to be detected by IRAS. We conclude (1) that the 60/100 µm flux density ratio is a useful discriminant of the heating source, (2) that for most normal galaxies the FIR emission is powered by the general diffuse interstellar radiation field (ISRF), and (3) that the overall intensity of the ISRF and the size of the galaxy are the most important parameters driving the FIR luminosity. Thus, the FIR luminosity of a typical spiral is not a good measure of the recent massive star formation rate, but is rather a natural consequence of a constant star formation rate over several Gyr in an optically thin disk of gas and dust.
Isolation, cloning and characterization of a low-molecular-mass purine nucleoside- and nucleotide-binding protein.

A purine nucleoside- and nucleotide-binding protein has been isolated from extracts of rat and rabbit heart, calf aortic smooth muscle and rat liver using an affinity column containing adenosine bound through the N6-position. The protein, which was eluted by adenosine, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence has a calculated Mr of 13693 (p13.7). The expressed protein has properties identical with the protein isolated from heart and liver, including an anomalous, apparent Mr of 15300, observed on gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration shows it to be a dimer. p13.7 differs by only three amino acids out of 125 from protein kinase C inhibitor 1 [Pearson, DeWald, Mathews, Mozier, Zurcher-Neely, Heinrikson, Morris, McCubbin, McDonald, Fraser et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4583-4591]. However, we have not been able to demonstrate inhibition of protein kinase C by physiological concentrations of p13.7, regardless of whether it was isolated from tissue extracts or expressed in E. coli. p13.7 is a member of the histidine triad motif family of proteins [Seraphin (1992) J. DNA Sequencing Mapping 3, 177-179]. The affinity of p13.7 for a number of different purine nucleosides and nucleotides, as measured by fluorescence titration and gel filtration, falls within the range 5-50 microM. On the basis of these properties and its crystal structure [Brenner, Garrison, Gilmour, Peisach, Ringe, Petsko and Lowenstein (1997) Nature Struct. Biol. 4, 231-238], we have coined the acronym HINT (histidine triad nucleotide-binding motif) to describe the family of proteins of which p13.7 is a member. Other proteins that bind to the affinity column have been identified as malate and lactate dehydrogenases, cAMP-binding proteins, adenosine kinase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.