cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiments to Populate and Validate a Processing Model for Polyurethane Foam: Additional Data for Structural Foams

We are developing computational models to help understand manufacturing processes, final properties and aging of structural foam, polyurethane PMDI. Th e resulting model predictions of density and cure gradients from the manufacturing process will be used as input to foam heat transfer and mechanical models. BKC 44306 PMDI-10 and BKC 44307 PMDI-18 are the most prevalent foams used in structural parts. Experiments needed to parameterize models of the reaction kinetics and the equations of motion during the foam blowing stages were described for BKC 44306 PMDI-10 in the first of this report series (Mondy et al. 2014). BKC 44307 PMDI-18 is a new foam that will be used to make relatively dense structural supports via over packing. It uses a different catalyst than those in the BKC 44306 family of foams; hence, we expect that the reaction kineti cs models must be modified. Here we detail the experiments needed to characteriz e the reaction kinetics of BKC 44307 PMDI-18 and suggest parameters for the model based on these experiments. In additi on, the second part of this report describes data taken to provide input to the preliminary nonlinear visco elastic structural response model developed for BKC 44306 PMDI-10 foam. Wemore » show that the standard cu re schedule used by KCP does not fully cure the material, and, upon temperature elevation above 150 o C, oxidation or decomposition reactions occur that alter the composition of the foam. These findings suggest that achieving a fully cured foam part with this formulation may be not be possible through therma l curing. As such, visco elastic characterization procedures developed for curing thermosets can provide only approximate material properties, since the state of the material continuously evolves during tests.« less
Chronic l-α-Acetylmethadol (LAAM) in Rhesus Monkeys: Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance to the Antinociceptive, Ventilatory, and Rate-Decreasing Effects of Opioids

Although l -α-acetylmethadol (LAAM) is a maintenance treatment for opioid dependence, few studies have systematically assessed the behavioral effects of LAAM and other drugs in LAAM-treated subjects. In the current study, we assessed the ventilatory, antinociceptive, and rate-decreasing effects of drugs (s.c. except dynorphin, which was administered i.v.) in rhesus monkeys ( n = 3 or 4) before and during chronic treatment with 1.0 mg/kg/12 h LAAM (s.c.). Minute volume ( V E) was reduced to 62% of baseline during LAAM treatment and remained depressed after more than 10 months of LAAM treatment. A cumulative dose of 10.0 mg/kg morphine decreased V E to similar values under baseline (53%) and LAAM-treated (52%) conditions; however, larger doses of morphine (up to 56.0 mg/kg) could be administered safely to LAAM-treated monkeys. LAAM treatment produced dependence as evidenced by a 220% increase in V E after a dose of naltrexone (0.032 mg/kg) that did not modify ventilation under baseline conditions. Compared with baseline, LAAM treatment increased the ED50 values for the rate-decreasing effects of nalbuphine, morphine, and alfentanil by 7-, 7-, and 2-fold, respectively, in monkeys responding under a fixed ratio 10 schedule of food presentation. Similarly, LAAM treatment increased ED50values for the antinociceptive effects of morphine and alfentanil by 5- and 3-fold, respectively. LAAM treatment also increased the ED50 values for the antinociceptive effects of the κ - agonist enadoline by 5-fold and not those of U-50,488. That tolerance developed differentially to the ventilatory, rate, and antinociceptive effects of μ - agonists in LAAM-treated monkeys suggests that cross-tolerance might not be a safe therapeutic approach for the treatment of some opioid abusers.
Getting the SCOOP—Survey of Cardiovascular Outcomes From Oncology Patients During Survivorship

Abstract Background Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the second most common cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer survivors (CS). Limited data exist on the knowledge and awareness of CS about CV effects of cancer therapies and its effect on lifestyle of survivors. It is important to identify gaps in CV care of CS. Materials and Methods A brief voluntary, anonymous, web-based questionnaire was designed to assess the awareness of CS about the interaction between CV disease, CV symptoms and lifestyle changes from cancer treatment. Results A total of 213 volunteers (181 women) with mean age of 56 years responded to the survey. Breast cancer was the most prevalent cancer diagnosis. In all, 15% reported CV disease before therapy with a higher incidence of CV disease in survivors more than 5 years from diagnosis (20% >5 years versus 10% P = 0.05). The reported use of beta blockers (9%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (9%) was rare despite the high incidence of CV disease. Only one-fourth of survivors were offered CV screening during treatment, whereas 36% of survivors had unanswered questions about CV symptoms from therapy. The CV symptoms adversely affected lifestyle in 27% of CS. One-fifth of survivors received exercise counseling even though half would have liked counseling. Conclusions The survey demonstrates that CS have self-reported CV symptoms and there may be unmet needs for CV preventive services. Further work is needed to develop collaborative patient counseling and management strategies between oncology and cardiology for improving CV health and symptoms of CS.
Heat Capacity Studies of Nanocrystalline Magnetite (Fe3O4)

The Verwey transition in magnetite (Fe3O4) has been studied extensively with a wide assortment of experimental techniques to investigate the effects of impurities, oxygen stoichiometry, and crystal...
Heterogeneity of renal mitochondria of the rat.

SummaryMitochondria were isolated from renal cortex, red medulla, white medulla and whole kidney of the rat. Electron micrographs showed very few mitochondria in the white medullary region of kidney compared to the other areas. Mitochondria in red medulla were somewhat larger and more spherical than those in cortex. Relative degrees of control of mitochondrial respiration by Pi acceptor (RCR) were: red medulla > whole kidney > cortex >> white medulla. Use of the lipophilic probe tetrabutylammonium bromide indicated that the inner membrane NADH dehydrogenase receptor site(s) were more lipophilic in red medullary mitochondria than in cortical mitochondria. Variation in energy gradients due to mitochondrial heterogeneity in the respective renal tissues could not be completely correlated with previously reported gradients in renal protein and RNA biosynthesis.
Pregnancy and gout: A case report

Abstract The extremely rare association of gout and pregnancy has been examined by the presentation of a case report and summarization of the 2 other cases which have appeared in the literature to date. The possible interrelationship of gout and pre-eclampsia has been discussed, with the tentative conclusion reached that the two conditions are mutually antagonistic. The role of estrogen with-drawal in gouty exacerbations has been implied and, although not clear-cut, a causal relationship is felt to exist.
Shallow burial alteration of dolomite and limestone clumped isotope geochemistry

Carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry is a promising method for paleoclimate reconstructions and understanding diagenetic processes, although clumped isotope compositions (measured as Δ47 values) can be altered by recrystallization and thermal resetting. Several studies have investigated the effects of deep burial and exhumation on Δ47 values; we present Δ47 values of samples from an ∼4500-m-long drill core from Andros Island, Bahamas, which represent the spectrum from shallow to deep burial conditions. These limestones and dolomites originally formed under near-surface temperature conditions, which are reflected by ∼27 °C Δ47 temperatures in samples buried to <∼1.3 km depth. Below this depth, calculated Δ47 temperatures increase by ∼10 °C, indicating a shift from preserved near-surface temperatures to diagenetically modified values. Importantly, this shift is not accompanied by a change in δ18O and δ13C values or cathodoluminescence, and non-uniform micrometer-scale crystallization is observed in both Δ47-altered and unaltered rocks. Similar Δ47 temperatures recorded by each carbonate phase suggest that mineral-specific differences are minor. Fine-grained dolomites and calcites are viable materials for recording surface temperature conditions, and both are susceptible to alteration of their primary clumped isotope abundances during burial diagenesis. Our results demonstrate that original Δ47 values of fine-grained carbonates can be altered under mild diagenetic conditions.
Treatment of congestive heart failure with beta-adrenergic blockers: a brief review of literature.

The importance of the adrenergic nervous system in support of hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure has been known for a long time. Thus, when beneficial effects of beta-blocker therapy in patients with resistant congestive heart failure were reported more than two decades ago, such an approach was deemed counterintuitive. Despite the skepticism, numerous reports, including well-planned, randomized studies, confirmed the beneficial effects of various beta-blockers on congestive heart failure. Recently, a new generation of beta-blocker, carvedilol (Coreg), which combines nonselective beta-blocking and vasodilating properties, was cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of congestive heart failure. This article is a brief historical review of the literature regarding the use of beta-blockers for the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Occurrence of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Primary CD30(Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is considered by some to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity associated with the t(2;5) (p23;q35). However, the specificity of t(2;5) for ALCL has not been carefully studied. Therefore, we performed a detailed analysis of all cases of ALCL with abnormal cytogenetics results in the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group registry, as well as all other cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with t(2;5) in the registry. We found the t(2;5) in only five of 10 cases of ALCL, four of whom were young patients. However, we also found the t(2;5) in 11 other cases of nonanaplastic lymphoma, including eight children with typical peripheral T-cell lymphomas of various types. The t(2;5) was also found in three older adults with B-cell lymphomas of various types. Thus, the t(2;5) was not specific for CD30+ ALCL. However, t(2;5) may define a clinicopathologic entity in children and young adults characterized by variable morphologies with a T-cell or indeterminate phenotype, CD30-positivity, nodal disease with frequent extranodal involvement, advanced stage, and an excellent response to therapy, including bone marrow transplantation for relapsed disease. The clinical relevance of the t(2;5) in older patients requires further study.
Development and validation of an energy-balance knowledge test for fourth- and fifth-grade students.

ABSTRACTA valid test measuring children’s energy-balance (EB) knowledge is lacking in research. This study developed and validated the energy-balance knowledge test (EBKT) for fourth and fifth grade students. The original EBKT contained 25 items but was reduced to 23 items based on pilot result and intensive expert panel discussion. De-identified data were collected from 468 fourth and fifth grade students enrolled in four schools to examine the psychometric properties of the EBKT items. The Rasch model analysis was conducted using the Winstep 3.65.0 software. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis flagged 1 item (item #4) functioning differently between boys and girls, which was deleted. The final 22-item EBKT showed desirable model-data fit indices. The items had large variability ranging from −3.58 logit (item #10, the easiest) to 1.70 logit (item #3, the hardest). The average person ability on the test was 0.28 logit (SD = .78). Additional analyses supported known-group difference validity of th...
Tuning technology for adaptable radar bandwidth

The spectrum sensing, multi-optimization (SS-MO) technique is investigated to provide a radar with frequency agility and high signal to inference plus noise ratio (SINR). The SS-MO technique requires tuning technology to reconfigure the operating bandwidth of the radar. Fast tuning speeds are needed in order to maintain the coherent processing interval (CPI) length; otherwise, the time available for the radar emission is decreased and results in radiating fewer pulses on target thereby reducing SINR. In this paper several tuning technology categories are investigated for the SS-MO technique. It will be shown how faster tuning technology provides the SS-MO technique with the capability to maintain high levels of SINR in the presence of high power radio frequency interference (RFI).
Essay: A Proposal to Restructure the Clemency Process — The Vice President as Head of a White House Clemency Office

The need for reconsideration of the federal clemency process is a real one, and there is a consensus that the Justice Department should no longer play its traditional doorkeeper role. Using the vice president as the new chief presidential clemency adviser offers the president several unique benefits that no other individual can supply without having enjoyed a prior close personal relationship with the chief executive. Whoever is sworn into office at noon on January 20, 2017, as the nation’s 45th President should seriously consider using as his principal clemency adviser the person who was sworn into the vice presidency immediately beforehand. The president, clemency applicants, and the public might just benefit from that new arrangement.
Integrating semantic NLP and logic reasoning into a unified system for fully-automated code checking

Abstract Existing automated compliance checking (ACC) systems are limited in their automation; they rely on the use of hard-coded, proprietary rules for representing regulatory requirements, which requires major manual effort in extracting regulatory information from textual regulatory documents and coding these information into a rule format. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a new unified ACC system that integrates: (1) semantic natural language processing techniques and EXPRESS data-based techniques to automatically extract and transform both regulatory information (in regulatory documents) and design information [in building information models (BIMs)] for automated compliance reasoning, and (2) semantic logic-based information representation so that the reasoning could be fully automated. To test the proposed system, a BIM test case was checked for compliance with Chapter 19 of the International Building Code 2009. Comparing to a manually-developed gold standard, 98.7% recall and 87.6% precision in noncompliance detection were achieved.
Are Quadratic Residues Randomly Distributed

The purpose of this chapter is to provide evidence that the answer to the question in the title is yes. By examining tables of residues and non-residues of certain primes in Sect. 10.1, we observe that residues can occur in very irregular patterns. In Sect. 10.2, we will show how to view sums of the values of Legendre symbols χ p as random variables and then we will employ the Central Limit Theorem from probability theory to determine a condition under which, at least when p is sufficiently large, the values of χ p can be interpreted to behave randomly and independently. In Sect. 10.3, a very interesting result of Davenport and Erdos on the the distribution of residues will then be employed to verify that the condition from Sect. 10.2 that detects random behavior of residues and non-residues does indeed hold. Interestingly enough, the Weil-sum estimates from Theorem 9.1, which were so useful in our work in Chap. 9, will also be very useful in our proof of Davenport and Erdos’ result.
Gene Mutations Identified in Chemorefractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Recently, multiple recurrently mutated genes have been identified in AML and implicated in various mechanisms of leukemogenesis. However, knowledge regarding the association of gene mutations with primary or secondary resistance to chemotherapy is incomplete. Methods: We analyzed a discovery cohort of 45 patients with chemorefractory AML that were enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial of a novel conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant for patients with non-remission AML. DNA was extracted from FACS-purified leukemic cells procured from patients after failure to achieve complete remission (CR) after ≥2 cycles of induction chemotherapy after initial diagnosis ("primary refractory", N=22) or after rapid relapse ( Results: WES of 29 TP53 wild-type refractory AML cases revealed a total of 351 confirmed somatic mutations with a median of 13 protein-coding mutations per case (range 5-22). Genes mutated in 7% (2 of 29 cases), and excluding the 11 known recurrently mutated genes listed above, that were not previously described in AML (COSMIC review) included ADAM23, CPNE7, and SIX5. We also identified mutations in NOMO3 and OAS2 in 7% (2 of 29 cases), which have been previously described in AML but at lower frequencies (1.7% [6 of 347; COSMIC] and 0.2% [1 of 347] respectively) based on review of the literature. The genes SRSF2, NOMO3 and OAS2, which were all identified in 7% (2 of 29 cases) in our discovery cohort, had no reported mutations found in the TCGA (p=0.02). Additional genes, which were found in our discovery cohort in 7% (2 of 29 cases) respectively, and were also found in the TCGA, include BCOR, FOXP1, FRYL, PHF6, STAG2, PTPN11 and SETD2. Mutational profiling of the 11 recurrently mutated genes in AML revealed a striking paucity of NPM1 mutations in primary refractory AML (range 0% [discovery cohort] - 3% [university cohort]) compared with chemosensitive AML (31% [university cohort]; p Conclusions: 1) Whole exome sequencing of 29 TP53 wild-type refractory AML revealed recurrent mutations in ADAM23, CPNE7, NOMO3, OAS2 and SIX5. The function and prevalence of these gene mutations are not well-characterized in AML, including refractory AML and should be determined in a larger cohort of patients; 2) TP53 mutations were significantly enriched in primary refractory disease; 3) Conversely, FLT3 -ITD mutations were significantly enriched in secondary but not primary refractory disease, suggesting the frequent emergence of a chemorefractory FLT3-ITD mutated clone following treatment with conventional chemotherapy; and, 4) NPM1 mutations were significantly under-represented in primary refractory AML. While larger sequencing studies of refractory AML cases are needed, these data do not support gene mutations other than in TP53 as frequent causes of primary refractoriness to chemotherapy in AML. Disclosures Malek:Gilead Sciences: Equity Ownership; Abbvie: Equity Ownership; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.
The Cognitive Underpinnings of Continuous Identity: Higher Episodic Memory Recall and Lower Heuristic Usage Predicts Highest Levels of Self-Continuity

ABSTRACTContinuous identity (CI) is a sense of persistent identity wherein the present self is seen as overlapping with the past and future selves. This study addressed the hypothesis that judgments of CI require successful retrieval of information by examining the relationship between varying levels of CI and two forms of memory recall. The pattern of findings indicated that high levels of cued memory recall combined with low levels of heuristic usage were associated with higher levels of CI, and this occurred for both past-to-present CI and present-to-future CI. We propose that to achieve high levels of CI, individuals need to access and analyze a fund of stored autobiographical information.
Chemically pre-strained dielectric elastomers finite element analysis

The applications and feasibility of utilizing dielectric elastomer electroactive polymers in the industrial and medical sectors has drastically increased in recent years due to significant improvements in actuation potential, manufacturing, the introduction of new materials and modeling capabilities. One such development is the introduction of chemical pre-strain as a method of providing enhanced actuation. The purpose of this study was to utilize finite element analysis to analyze the mechanical actuation of an industrial fluoropolymer with chemical induced pre-strain and validate the model with experiential results. Results generated from the finite element analysis showed similar trends to results produced experimentally.
Direct formulation of nanocrystalline silicon carbide/nitride solid ceramics

We developed a new in situ reaction method to synthesize SiC and Si3N4 ceramic solids from meltable precursor compositions into shaped ceramic composites with nanocrystalline grains. The process uses Si powder and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene, which readily react above 1400 °C to form the SiC and Si3N4 crystallites in the presence of argon and nitrogen, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy and density measurements indicated the formation of near stoichiometric SiC and Si3N4 within the shaped solid. Further characterization of electrical conductivity and oxidative stability of the prepared ceramics analyzed the influence of nanoscale features on intrinsic properties of resulting composites. The hardness and elastic modulus values for the synthesized SiC determined by nanoindentation varied in the range of 25–46 GPa and 300–440 GPa.
Scholars and Citizens: Making Research Level Collections Accessible to the Public at SIBL

SUMMARY The 1996 creation of NYPL's Science Industry and Business Library (SIBL) merged the collections of the Science/Technology and Economics/Public Affairs research divisions with the circulating materials from a central branch library. The aim of this collection and staff integration was to make SIBL an engine for NYC's economy andto build a more diverse clientele. Other elements attracting new audiences include the facility, resources, technology, training, and interpretive programs. Five science exhibits have spawned complementary classes, seminars, and sci-tech collection guides. SIBL is using the Web to offer more content (e.g., science images) and services to offsite users.
The Nonhuman Primate as a Model for Biomedical Research

This chapter provides a brief summary of issues surrounding the utilization of nonhuman primates in biomedical research. Although a relatively small proportion of the total number of animals utilized in biomedical research, nonhuman primates occupy a unique position as the species most closely related to humans, and thus have the potential to provide highly relevant information regarding human health issues. Nonhuman primates are utilized across a wide diversity of research topics and examples are provided including infectious disease, neuroscience, and genomics. Pertinent information relating to ethical issues, species selection, housing, and specific pathogen-free status are provided as an overview of relevant issues associated with selection of nonhuman primate models. Selected references are provided as a reference for more comprehensive information relating to these topics.
Toeplitz Operators on Multiply Connected Domains and Theta Functions

The Fredholm spectral picture of Toeplitz operators acting on the least harmonic majorant Hardy space of a multiply connected planar domain as described by M.B. Abrahamse is refined. This is accomplished by viewing the planar domain as a domain on its double and applying the methods of Hilbert barrier problems associated with divisors as developed by R.N. Abdulaev, N. Koppelman, Yu.L. Rodin and E.I. Zverovich. In essence the results on barrier problems are obtained by reducing to the classical Riemann-Roch Theorem and the Riemann Singularity Theorem for theta functions. The barrier problems encountered are associated with the critical Green’s divisor and the results are considerably enhanced by the work on theta functions by J.D. Fay.
Truth, Propositions and Context

Truth, in at least one sense, pertains to sentences. Whether a sentence is true often depends on the context. The clerk in a shoe store says, “All shoes are 20% off ”. This means not that the prices of all shoes in the world are reduced by 20% but only that the prices of all shoes for sale in his shop are reduced by 20%. A student declares, “Prof. Gauker’s assignment is impossible”. This means not that an assignment that someone has given to Prof. Gauker is impossible but that the assignment that Prof. Gauker has given to his students is impossible.
An Architecture for Semantic Enterprise Application Integration Standards

Large, industry-wide interoperability projects use syntax-based standards approaches to accomplish interoperable data exchange among enterprise applications. We are investigating Semantic Web to advance these approaches. In this paper, we describe an architecture for Semantic Enterprise Application Integration Standards as a basis for experimental assessment of the Semantic Web technologies to enhance these standards approaches. The architecture relies on automated translation of the XML Schema-based representation of business document content models into an OWL-based ontology. Based on this architecture, we use Semantic Web representation and reasoning mechanisms to support consistency checking of ontological constructs and constraints specified within the ontology. The proposed architecture is relevant (1) when managing multiple enterprise ontologies derived from, and dependent on, a common ontology and (2) when dealing with model-driven integration using customizable interface models and testing of such integration efforts.
Informing water-saving communication in the United States using the situational theory of problem solving

Abstract Environmental communication professionals have been conducting water conservation programs across the nation, recognizing the need to conserve water as one of the top issues facing the United States (U.S.). Research has shown the number of people that will be exposed to water scarcity will steadily increase. This research uses the Situational Theory of Problem Solving in an attempt to further understand why and how landscape irrigators (residents that control their home landscape irrigation systems) across the U.S. recognize water as an issue and choose to communicate about water conservation. The findings revealed landscape irrigators recognize water use as an issue but exhibit a low level of communicative action when addressing the issue. In addition, as their perceived level of involvement increases, they are less likely to communicate about water conservation, revealing a sense of cognitive dissonance and discomfort with their behavior to the point they would rather not discuss the problem. Recommendations include encouraging environmental communication professionals to communicate at the community level to discuss community conservation effects, utilize existing clientele to develop a sense of involvement among their circles of influence and encourage the use of social media techniques when communicating to further their reach.
Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: Program Adaptation and Development

Purpose: To adapt the Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy program and develop the Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy for Parkinson’s disease (MY-OT for PD) program, designed to target fall ris...
Approximate Energy Recovery 4-2 Compressor for Low-Power Sub-GHz IoT Applications

Approximate computing is a circuit design technique that reduces area and power dissipation at the cost of accurate results. In this paper, we have investigated to further reduce the power dissipation of approximate circuits while maintaining high speeds using a form of energy recovery (ER) computing known as Pulse Boost Logic (PBL). To demonstrate power savings and speed capabilities, we have constructed an approximate 4-2 compressor circuit using PBL based ER computing. Simulations were performed using 45nm technology in Cadence Spectre. At 800 MHz, our results show the average power saving of 64% in PBL based approximate 4-2 compressor design compared to its standard CMOS based design. We also illustrate that the power saving of 89% can be achieved in 4-2 compressor by combining approximate and ER computing compared to CMOS based design of accurate 4-2 compressor. Further, we illustrate that the PBL based proposed approximate 4-2 compressor has 65% less energy consumption than the CMOS based approximate 4-2 compressor. We have verified the functionality of the proposed PBL based approximate 4-2 compressor up to 1 GHz to illustrate its application in low-power and low-energy Sub-GHz IoT applications.
Sluggish cognitive tempo and positive valence systems: Unique relations with greater reward valuation but less willingness to work.

Abstract Background Research has started conceptualizing sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), but no study has tested SCT symptomatology in relation to the positive valence systems. Methods Participants (N = 4,679; 18–29 years; M = 19.08, SD = 1.36; 69% female; 80.9% White) enrolled in six universities in the United States completed self-reported measures of positive valence systems, SCT, and psychopathology dimensions. Results SCT symptoms were uniquely associated with greater reward valuation and expectancy of reward, but less willingness to work for reward. SCT symptoms were not uniquely related to initial and sustained response to reward. Conversely, depressive symptoms remained uniquely associated with greater reward valuation but less expectancy, willingness to work, initial, and sustained response to reward. Limitations The present study included a relatively homogenous sample of college-age students, solely relied on self-report measures of the positive valence systems, and analyses were conducted cross-sectionally. Conclusions Findings demonstrated that SCT has unique relations with various components of the positive valence system while controlling for commonly co-occurring psychopathology dimensions. Future research should continue investigating relations between SCT and positive valence systems to understand whether these domains may be targets for prevention and intervention.
Amirlak Modification of Site 4 Decompression: Endoscopic Assisted Decompression of the Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) with Radical Excision of the Occipital Artery

Migraine in the occipital area may be caused in part by dynamic compression of the nerve with the occipital artery. This modified approach to greater occipital nerve migraine deactivation surgery includes endoscopic visualization, a small counter-incision to address distal compression, and radical lysis of the occipital artery—allowing for maximal visualization and complete release of nerve compression both proximally and distally.
On Windows and Mirrors in Teacher Education Program Materials: A Content Analysis of Human Demographics in One Picture Book Collection

This article reports on a content analysis of human demographics represented across the picture book collection in one university’s teacher education laboratory. Drawing from an established history...
Stellar rotation effects on the stellar winds

The purpose of this paper is to give detailed systematic considerations to clarify and provide insights and a qualitative guide into the role of the azimuthal wind flow in the stellar-rotation braking mechanism. For this purpose, we make use of the Weber-Davis [Astrophys. J. 148, 217 (1967)] magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) version of Parker's [Astrophys. J. 128, 664 (1958)] stellar wind model. For the case when the magnetic field is primarily radial (as that near the surface of a star), the Weber-Davis [Astrophys. J. 148, 217 (1967)] “slow” magnetosonic critical point becomes Parker's [Astrophys. J. 128, 664 (1958)] sonic critical point, and the azimuthal wind flow can be approximated by corotation. Stellar rotation is shown to cause the sonic critical point to occur lower in the corona, and so the stellar wind experiences a stronger “afterburner” (as in an aircraft jet engine) action in the corona. Our results show that stellar rotation leads to considerably enhanced stellar wind acceleration even for moderate rotators like the sun. On the other hand, the stellar wind is shown to experience an immensely enhanced acceleration in a narrow shell near the star for strong rotators. This is underscored by the sonic critical point occurring considerably lower in the corona for strong rotators, hence supporting a huge afterburner action in the corona for such stars. For strong rotators, this sonic critical point is shown to be determined only by the basic stellar parameters such as mass M and angular velocity Ω ∗, which signify the dominance of centrifugal and magnetic drivings in accelerating the stellar wind for such stars. Stellar rotation causes the physical throat section of the effective “de Laval” nozzle associated with the stellar wind flow to become narrower and the nozzle to also have a larger flare, indicative of an enhanced flow acceleration. The de Laval nozzle analogy does not, however, comply with the density drop in the stellar wind correctly. Thus, stellar rotation leads to tenuous and faster stellar wind flows without changes in the mass flux and hence enables protostars and strong rotators to lose their angular momentum quickly.
A Qualitative Research Synthesis of the “No Excuses” Charter School Model:

The “no excuses” charter school model is widely regarded in public debate as an effective policy intervention to politically and economically empower historically marginalized student populations. ...
Construct Validity of Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) Scores in Clinical Samples: Extension of Harris, Murphy, and Rakes' (2019) Narrative Review.

A recent review of 24 studies primarily evaluated psychometric properties of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) related to coefficient alpha and convergent validity. To provide a fuller picture, this r...
The elusive promise of myostatin inhibition for muscular dystrophy.

Purpose of review Recent terminations of clinical trials of myostatin inhibitors in muscular dystrophy have raised questions about the predictiveness of mouse models for this therapeutic strategy. Recent findings A variety of myostatin inhibitors have been developed for preclinical and clinical studies. These inhibitors have ameliorated the phenotype of many but not all mouse models of muscular dystrophy. However, randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trials in both pediatric and adult muscular dystrophies have, as of yet, not demonstrated functional improvement. Summary The present article will review the preclinical promise of myostatin inhibitors, the clinical trial experience to date of these inhibitors in muscular dystrophy, and the potential reasons for the lack of observed translation.
Measurement of minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis using PROMIS-Physical Function or the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index.

Objective To assess the interchangeability of the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) in the calculation of minimal disease activity (MDA) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods Comprehensive PsA disease activity was collected concomitantly with HAQ-DI and PROMIS-PF measures in a PsA cohort. PROMIS-based MDA definitions were built using the existing cross-walk between the scores: HAQ-DI≤0.5 equivalent to a PROMIS-PF Tscore≥41.3. We assessed agreement between MDA (MDA HAQ-DI) and PROMIS-PF MDA definitions (MDA PROMIS-PF4a, MDA PROMIS-PF Bank) at each visit and longitudinally (MDA state changes between consecutive visits) through the kappa statistic. The predictive value of MDA PROMIS-PF for MDA HAQ-DI was assessed using ROC curve analysis. Results One hundred participants contributed 352 observations with up to five visits. Mean (SD) age was 52 (12) years, 60% were female, and 43% were in MDA at baseline. Kappa statistic for PROMIS-PF based MDA reflected excellent agreement with HAQ-DI MDA: kappa=0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.97) for MDA PROMIS-PF Bank, and kappa=0.90 (95% CI 0.80-0.95) for MDAPROMIS-PF4a. Higher longitudinal agreement was seen between MDA HAQ-DI and MDA PROMIS-PF Bank versus MDA PROMIS-PF4a between consecutive visits: kappa ranged between 0.81-0.94 versus 0.72-0.84, respectively. Area under ROC curve for predicting MDA HAQ-DI was 0.97 for MDA PROMIS-PF Bank and 0.95 for MDA PROMIS-PF4a. Conclusion Excellent agreement was seen between HAQ-DI and PROMIS-based MDA definitions statically and longitudinally. The PROMIS-PF Bank and PROMIS-PF4a are accurate replacements for the HAQ-DI in calculating MDA state in PsA.
β-Catenin signaling dynamics regulate cell fate in differentiating neural stem cells

Stem cells undergo differentiation in complex and dynamic environments wherein instructive signals fluctuate on various timescales. Thus, cells must be equipped to properly respond to the timing of signals, for example, to distinguish sustained signaling from transient noise. However, how stem cells respond to dynamic variations in differentiation cues is not well characterized. Here, we use optogenetic activation of β-catenin signaling to probe the dynamic responses of differentiating adult neural stem cells (NSCs). We discover that, while elevated, sustained β-catenin activation sequentially promotes proliferation and differentiation, transient β-catenin induces apoptosis. Genetic perturbations revealed that the neurogenic/apoptotic fate switch was mediated through cell-cycle regulation by Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45 gamma (Gadd45γ). Our results thus reveal a role for β-catenin dynamics in NSC fate decisions and may suggest a role for signal timing to minimize cell-fate errors, analogous to kinetic proofreading of stem-cell differentiation.
Security Consolidation in the Aftermath of Civil War: Explaining the Fates of Victorious Militias:

Policymakers and peacebuilding research often focus on rebel groups when studying demobilization and integration processes, but post-war governments must also manage the non-state militias that hel...
Linking Scores with Patient-Reported Health Outcome Instruments:A VALIDATION STUDY AND COMPARISON OF THREE LINKING METHODS

The psychometric process used to establish a relationship between the scores of two (or more) instruments is generically referred to as linking. When two instruments with the same content and statistical test specifications are linked, these instruments are said to be equated. Linking and equating procedures have long been used for practical benefit in educational testing. In recent years, health outcome researchers have increasingly applied linking techniques to patient-reported outcome (PRO) data. However, these applications have some noteworthy purposes and associated methodological questions. Purposes for linking health outcomes include the harmonization of data across studies or settings (enabling increased power in hypothesis testing), the aggregation of summed score data by means of score crosswalk tables, and score conversion in clinical settings where new instruments are introduced, but an interpretable connection to historical data is needed. When two PRO instruments are linked, assumptions for equating are typically not met and the extent to which those assumptions are violated becomes a decision point around how (and whether) to proceed with linking. We demonstrate multiple linking procedures—equipercentile, unidimensional IRT calibration, and calibrated projection—with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression bank and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We validate this link across two samples and simulate different instrument correlation levels to provide guidance around which linking method is preferred. Finally, we discuss some remaining issues and directions for psychometric research in linking PRO instruments.
Modulation of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation events by dCas9-mediated CRISPRpas

The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is revolutionizing genomic engineering. The high efficiency and selectivity of the system have inspired the development of various derived tools for gene regulation at different levels, such as transcriptional activation or inhibition, epigenetic modification, splicing, and base editing. Cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) is an essential 3' end maturation step for almost all eukaryotic mRNAs. CPA is tightly coupled with transcriptional termination, and its activity impacts gene expression. Over half of all human genes display alternative polyadenylation (APA), where multiple cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PASs) lead to mRNA isoforms with variable termini. APA isoforms often have distinct metabolisms, and their relative abundance can change drastically in different cells. Here, we describe a method based on delivering a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) to genomic regions nears the PAS, which alters APA site usage in 3'UTRs or introns. This method, named CRISPRpas, allows investigators to examine functional significance of APA isoforms of individual genes. We also describe using the bioinformatics program APAlyzer to examine APA events of interest with RNA-seq data.
Reconsidering the Precolumbian Presence of Venetian Glass Beads in Alaska

In a recent article, Kunz and Mills (2021) report 10 drawn, a speo finished, turquoise blue, IIa40 beads manufactured in Venice and recovered from three late precontact sites in the Alaskan Arctic. They argue that these beads date to the fifteenth century, predating Columbus's arrival in the Americas. This conclusion is certainly in error because beads of this type were not manufactured prior to approximately AD 1560. The historical and archaeological evidence for this dating is substantial. Additionally, the elemental and radiocarbon evidence presented by Kunz and Mills (2021) supports a late sixteenth- to early seventeenth-century date for these beads.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CdZnTe and CdMnTe Materials for Nuclear Detectors

Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cadmium manganese telluride (CdMnTe) semiconductor nuclear detectors have the ability to operate at room temperature without cryogenic cooling. Thus, they can be fabricated into portable nuclear detection devices that can be used at seaports and border security, and at nuclear facilities to monitor radiation levels. In this paper, we present results from the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the surface compositions of CdZnTe and CdMnTe wafers. Our results showed that Cd, Te and TeO 2 are the dominant species on these materials. Zn was also present on CdZnTe wafer, and Mn is present on the CdMnTe wafer. CdZnTe samples that were etched with high-energy ion beam did not show the presence of TeO 2 on their surfaces.
Interactions of Deposited Copper on COOH of 11-Mercaptoundecanoic Acid: An XPS Study

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were recorded after sequential deposition of sub-monolayer amounts of copper on an organized molecular assembly (OMA) of HS (CH2) 10COOH, 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) on 80-nm-thick gold films on clean silicon single-crystal substrates. The self-assembly process results in stable monolayers with the thiol group attached to the gold film and the COOH group as the outer monolayer. Copper deposited in vacuum interacts with the surface of the MUA OMA to produce a unidentate copper complex with the singly bonded oxygen atom of the acid monolayer. The data do not support forming a bidentate copper complex or chemical interaction of the double-bonded oxygen atom of the acid group with copper. The maximum charge residing on the copper atom of the complex is +1, with one charged copper atom on the surface per MUA molecule of the OMA.
The earliest Lunar Magma Ocean differentiation recorded in Fe isotopes

Abstract Recent high-precision isotopic measurements show that the isotopic similarity of Earth and Moon is unique among all known planetary bodies in our Solar System. These observations provide fundamental constraints on the origin of Earth–Moon system, likely a catastrophic Giant Impact event. However, in contrast to the isotopic composition of many elements (e.g., O, Mg, Si, K, Ti, Cr, and W), the Fe isotopic compositions of all lunar samples are significantly different from those of the bulk silicate Earth. Such a global Fe isotopic difference between the Moon and Earth provides an important constraint on the lunar formation – such as the amount of Fe evaporation as a result of a Giant Impact origin of the Moon. Here, we show through high-precision Fe isotopic measurements of one of the oldest lunar rocks ( 4.51 ± 0.10 Gyr dunite 72 415), compared with Fe isotope results of other lunar samples from the Apollo program, and lunar meteorites, that the lunar dunite is enriched in light Fe isotopes, complementing the heavy Fe isotope enrichment in other lunar samples. Thus, the earliest olivine accumulation in the Lunar Magma Ocean may have been enriched in light Fe isotopes. This new observation allows the Fe isotopic composition of the bulk silicate Moon to be identical to that of the bulk silicate Earth, by balancing light Fe in the deep Moon with heavy Fe in the shallow Moon rather than the Moon having a heavier Fe isotope composition than Earth as a result of Giant Impact vaporization.
Resistors layout for enhancing yield of R-2R DACs

A strategy to improve the yield of R-2R DACs by minimizing the effects of mismatch of resistors due to the local variations of sheet resistance is introduced. The approach is based on optimally distributing the area between the resistors. Simulation results show that the new strategy provides significant improvement in yield compared to the standard area allocation strategy of assigning equal area for each resistor bit-pair.
Economic Survival Strategies and Food Insecurity: The Case of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans

Abstract This article reports on a study of 67 Hurricane Katrina survivors who were evacuated to one Texas community. The authors examine the economic survival strategies employed by Katrina evacuees to feed their families during the approximately one week time frame beginning the day before the storm and ending when they were ultimately evacuated from New Orleans. An analysis of their strategies and actions provides insight both into the nature of households and sharing networks under the pressure of this disaster and the shortages that ensue when federal and state systems cannot meet basic needs beyond the resources of the local community.
Strong Acid Equivalent Control of pH Processes: An Experimental Study

The control of pH is widely recognized as a difficult problem. The Strong Acid Equivalent approach for control of pH processes consists of defining an alternate equivalent control objetive, the Strong Acid Equivalent, which is linear in the states and using a linear control law in terms of this new control objective. The Strong Acid Equivalent is then calculated on line from pH measurements given a nominal titration curve of the inlet stream. A laboratory system has been built to implement this method. Experimental results for the hydrochloric acid / sodium hydroxide and acetic acid / sodium hydroxide systems are given. The results show the control which can be achieved with the Strong Acid Equivalent method.