cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oil-Soluble Blue Dye in Larval Diet Marks Adults, Eggs, and First-Stage F1 Larvae of the Pink Bollworm

When Oil Soluble Blue II® dye was incorporated in the larval diet of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), concentrations of dye ranging from 0.05 to 0.08% gave the best internal bright blue mark in adults without causing subsequent deleterious effects. Adults, eggs, and F1 generation 1st-stage larvae were more distinctively tagged when concentrations of 0.02–0.08% dye were premixed with 0.35% refined cottonseed oil, and eggs laid by females emerging from larvae treated with dye + 0.35% oil were marked blue internally. These females laid blue eggs throughout a 10-day oviposition period, and the 1st-stage F1 generation larvae were marked blue internally for 2–3 days.
Effect of tetraethylammonium on venous and arterial pressure in congestive heart failure.

SummaryTetraethylammonium chloride given intravenously to 9 normotensive patients in congestive failure caused a precipitous fall in venous pressure and a significant decrease in arterial pressure in every case. Compensated cardiacs and non-cardiac normotensive controls showed, no fall in venous pressure and a much smaller change in arterial pressure. Following digitalization, 2 cardiac subjects in failure lost some of their initial responsiveness to TEAC.
Roles of two DNA-binding factors in replication, segregation and transcriptional repression mediated by a yeast silencer.

Abstract The HMR E silencer is required for SIR-dependent transcriptional repression of the silent mating-type locus, HMR. The silencer also behaves as an origin of replication (ARS element) and allows plasmids to replicate autonomously in yeast. The replication and segregation properties of these plasmids are also dependent on the four SIR genes. We have previously characterized two DNA-binding factors in yeast extracts that recognize specific sequences at the HMR E silencer. These proteins, called ABFI (ARS-Binding Factor) and GRFI (General Regulatory Factor), are not encoded by any of the SIR genes. To investigate the biological roles of these factors, single-base-pair mutations were constructed in both binding sites at the HMR E silencer that were no longer recognized by the corresponding proteins in vitro. Our results indicate that the GRFI-binding site is required for the efficient segregation of plasmids replicated by the HMR E silencer. SIR-dependent transcriptional repression requires either an intact ABFI-binding site or GRFI-binding site, although the GRFI-binding site appears to be more important. A double-mutant silencer that binds neither ABFI nor GRFI does not mediate transcriptional repression of HMR. The replacement of HMR E with a chromosomal origin of replication (ARS1) allows partial SIR-dependent transcriptional repression of HMR, indicating a role for replication in silencer function. Together, these results suggest that the SIR proteins influence the properties of the HMR E silencer through interactions with other DNA-binding proteins.
Organophosphate Insecticide Poisoning and Parkinsonism

Extrapyramidal parkinsonism in a 14 year-old boy developed 5 days after the accidental ingestion of a raw eggplant sprayed with the organophosphate dimethoate (Rogor), in a report from Meyer Children Hospital, Rappaport School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
Analysis on Steady State and Transient Characteristics of Static Synchronous Series Compensator Based on EMTDC

By means of analyzing the mechanism of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), a scheme to implement SSSC controller by use of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is proposed. In the design of its controller, through adjusting the angle offset of sinusoidal reference wave, the voltage of DC capacitor remains constant. The primary function of SSSC in steady state is to regulate the active power of transmission line being compensated; considering the correlativity between modulation factor and compensation mode (capacitive or inductive mode) in the design of the controller, the flexible adjustment of active power in transmission line is implemented, both response speed and fluctuation are satisfied. A detailed electromagnetic transient simulation model, in which EPRI 7-bus system, SSSC voltage source inverter and its firing control circuit, and corresponding measuring and analysis modules are included, is constructed by utilizing PSCAD/ EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation tool. The steady state and transient function of SSSC are implemented in simulation; simulation results also prove the effectiveness of control circuit and correctness of system model. The influence of the value of DC capacitor and reactance and turn ratio of coupling transformer on the characteristics of SSSC is preliminarily analyzed.
Conditionally tumorigenic clone of C6 cells is induced by gamma-irradiation.

BACKGROUND Established cell lines are often heterogeneous in their response to ionizing radiation. The tumorigenicity of some cells can be rapidly induced by gamma-radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tumorigenicity of individual clones of C6 rat glioblastoma cells and the effect of gamma-radiation on their growth in vivo was studied by intracranial implantation into Wistar rats. RESULTS A clone was found, C6#11, that was conditionally tumorigenic. It either did not form a tumor, or grew into a small encapsulated tumor, and did not cause death or neurological deficits in the animals. Gamma-irradiation of the animals (head only) with implanted C6#11 induced a fully developed invasive tumor that killed them within 25 days. Three grays of radiation of C6#11 cells two hours prior to implantation induced their tumorigenicity as well. The in vitro characteristics of the C6#11 cells as compared to a highly tumorigenic clone did not correlate with their behavior in vivo. CONCLUSION The C6#11 clone is the first model of an experimental tumor that acquires tumorigenicity in an immuno-competent host immediately after low dose irradiation of the cells.
Alcoholism: diagnosis, prognosis, epidemiology, and burden of the disease

To the clinician, alcoholism can appear as an amorphous entity that is confusing with respect to diagnosis, treatment prognosis, and the role of the health professional, despite its high incidence and associated morbidities and mortality when unrecognized or untreated. This chapter focuses on the clinical application of current knowledge, with the aim of being useful to the practitioner in working directly with patients for whom alcoholism may or may not be an already identified problem. It briefly reviews large-scale studies and then focuses on diagnosis and prognosis assessment and decision making. Also considered are current controversies in nomenclature and the chapter ends with an economic perspective with respect to healthcare and cost to society. As the introductory chapter, the goal is to provide a context of the scope of alcoholism and attendant problems for the rest of the chapters.
The Brobdingnagian King and the Abomination of Creeping Things

In the ‘mirror reversal’ which marks the shift from the first to the second Voyage, we find a similar reversal in attitudes toward purity and defilement. When compared with the Lilliputians, the Brobdingnagians appear to be quite relaxed in their views of hygiene and pollution. Eschewing a strict code of conduct at court, the Brobdingnagian king and queen allow their ‘Maids of Honour’ considerable latitude in behaviour. And rather than maintaining hospitals for the incarceration of the old and diseased, they are willing to grant their beggars the liberty to roam freely through the streets of Lorbrulgrud, the capital city of the kingdom. The importance of this shift in attitude is vividly illustrated in a different point of view toward architectural design. Far from being conceived of in formal terms the major structures of the Brobdingnagian kingdom appear to have been erected in total disregard of geometric figures: the royal residence is ‘no regular Edifice, but an Heap of Buildings about seven Miles around’ (XI, 112). Needless to say, this shift in the perspective of Gulliver’s hosts is accompanied by an equally dramatic reversal in his own attitude. Where Gulliver was once willing to disregard the pollution rules of the Lilliputians, he now becomes preoccupied with matters of purity and decorum. The sources of his concern are of course his size and Tearfulness’, but Gulliver’s new attitude affords a striking contrast to the point of view of the Brobdingnagian monarch: where Gulliver is preoccupied with surfaces and appearances, the Brobdingnagian prince brings a perspective in which aesthetic and ethical categories are united.
Computation of Trailing-Edge Separation Using an Accelerated, Updated Bluff-Body, Interacting Boundary-Layer Algorithm

An interacting boundary algorithm is developed to efficiently solve for high Reynolds number flow past realistic airfoil geometries. The algorithm is fully asymmetric, although only symmetric profiles are addressed in this study (primarily the NACA00xx series). The interacting boundary layer algorithm is based on a bluff-body formulation that linearizes the thin airfoil integrals about some known exact inviscid baseline solution. The present formulation solves for the baseline inviscid flow using Theodorsen’s method and allows updating of the baseline solution. An acceleration scheme is developed which allows an extrapolation to the final converged solution from information obtained early in the iteration cycle. It is found that separation bubbles of up to 35% of chord in length can be accurately calculated on fine grids in under 40 global iterations. Furthermore, both the updating of the baseline coordinate curve and the FLARE approximation are found to have a large impact on the solution — arguing against the accuracy of thin-airfoil based interacting boundary layer models for separation bubbles above 5% of chord in length. Comparisons are made with interacting boundary layer and full Navier-Stokes computations.
Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) Principles in the Pharmacotherapy of Personality Disorders

The pharmacotherapy of severe personality disorder pathology is a challenging subject. Patients with certain personality disorder diagnoses, particularly borderline personality disorder, take medications at high rates, despite limited dating supporting efficacy. Prescribers will often struggle when patients exhibit primitive defenses (idealization/devaluation, splitting, omnipotent control, projection), which can lead to serious problems including polypharmacy, prescription medication misuse or dependence, and the clinician’s departure from customary prescribing practices. Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) principles can offer prescribers a set of tools in managing “difficult” patients. TFP principles in this context will include openness to making a diagnosis of personality disorder pathology, sharing the diagnosis with patients, establishing a treatment contract, and family education about personality disorder pathology and medications.
Functional Geometry and the Traite de Lutherie

We describe a functional programming approach to the design of outlines of eighteenth-century string instruments. The approach is based on the research described in Francois Denis's book, Traite de...
Short-Term Relaxation in HfO x /CeO x Resistive Random Access Memory With Selector

This letter illustrates short-term relaxation in CeOx-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. Our results suggest that the noise of the serial selector device can impact the short-term relaxation, reduce the operating window of the RRAM, and increase the read error. Our findings indicate that the application of longer initial forming pulses can mitigate the short-term relaxation issue.
How NPD Leaders Perceive Themselves and Others

‘How NPD Leaders Perceive Themselves and Others’ presents an overview of where NPD individuals’ feelings of inadequacy may have originated and how those feelings are experienced by the NPD leader. After emphasizing common childhood patterns in NPD individuals, Germain delves into NPDs’ self-perception, their defense mechanisms, and describes the abusive techniques they employ to achieve success. This chapter includes a sample monologue written by an NPD individual and concludes by detailing how NPD leaders perceive the people around them.
Star Performers Turned Managers and Organizational Outcomes

Using a comprehensive and unique dataset on managers in a professional sport league for the period from 1991 to 2015, this paper investigates the relationship between star performer turned managers...
Seeing the World Through the Other's Eye: An Online Intervention Reducing Ethnic Prejudice

We report the results of an intervention that targeted anti-Roma sentiment in Hungary using an online perspective-taking game. We evaluated the impact of this intervention using a randomized experiment in which a sample of young adults played this perspective-taking game, or an unrelated online game. Participation in the perspective-taking game markedly reduced prejudice, with an effect-size equivalent to half the difference between voters of the far-right and the center-right party. The effects persisted for at least a month, and, as a byproduct, the intervention also reduced antipathy toward refugees, another stigmatized group in Hungary, and decreased vote intentions for Hungary's overtly racist, far-right party by 10%. Our study offers a proof-of-concept for a general class of interventions that could be adapted to different settings and implemented at low costs.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Children

From February 1991 to October 1994, 54 children and young adults (13 ± 5 years old or 52 ± 20 kg) underwent 63 sessions of radiofrequency catheter ablation in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami. Their arrhythmias included preexcitation syndrome (WPW) (40), atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (15), ectopic atrial tachycardia (1), junctional ectopic tachycardia (1), atrial flutter (1), and ventricular tachycardia (2). Nine patients (17%) had significant underlying heart disease. For WPW patients with left-side pathways the success rate was 93% (14/15); the overall success rate for WPW was 80% (32/40). For nonpreexcitation syndrome patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, the success rate was 93% (14/15). The overall success rate for non-WPW lesions was 85% (17/20). Major complications of the ablation procedure included perforation of the heart (1), aortic insufficiency (1), and minor radiation erythema (1). During our 3-year experience we have found certain measures that enhance success, and these are summarized here.
A Case Study: From Game Programming to ICTs

Students in the U.S. perform poorly in mathematics and science tests in both U.S. and international assessments, a weakness reflected in the Information Communication and Technology competencies. The strong connection between competencies in mathematics, science, and ICT has created major concerns for educators and policy makers since poor performance in these areas endangers the future of the nation in global business. As a result, we investigated how the perspectives of noncomputer science educators changed when they learned game programming and ICT skills. The participants learned two free Web 2.0 game programming applications including Scratch and Alice and discussed one article. Online discussions and peer review processes through social network made up this mixed method study. The findings indicated that teaching and learning game programming with project-based learning as well as reflecting on teaching methods resulted in building logical concepts and critical thinking skills. The results also led to promoting ICT in the K-16 curriculum and private firms.
Outsourcing — Strategic Alliances and Partnerships in the Context of New Strategic Realities

This paper argues that global competition is forcing radical change. Not since Fayol and Sloan have the organizing principles been subjected to total rethinking. “Corporate Perestroika” is not redesigning the system from within, it is a complete redesign of the system, a wholesale restructuring of the corporation. The super-corporations of the 21st century will not be built on a collection of fiefdoms of bureaucratic monopolies, but on closely coupled business relationships that are networked together organizationally — relationships that will consist of distributed, autonomous, and highly focused business modules, configured and networked into global value-added chains based on core competence, expertise, and greatest value to the enterprise. Taken together, these changes will constitute a radically different pattern of relationships. Informations technology will play a vital and enabling role. The I/S organization must re-invent itself, but renventing I/S cannot be decoupled from reinventing the enterprise. A case study is being presented showing how one corporation’s I/S organization started to reinvent itself using a three step approach — Idealized redesign of I/S functions relating to computing and telecommunications infrastructure services, Strategic approach of alliances/partnerships, and Partnership Innovation Process.
Mg Deficiency — A “New” Phenomenon in Declining Forests—Symptoms and Effects, Causes, Recuperation

The so-called new types of forest damage (cf. Huettl 1991) are more or less frequently associated with nutritional disturbances. Besides acute nutrient deficiencies also nutrient imbalances occur which eventually result in decline/ dieback or even in complete death of impacted trees or tree groups. Generally, these symptoms are well known. However, at least one of these damage symptoms, namely Mg deficiency, is nowadays found in stands and on sites for which it has so far not yet been described (Fig. 1). The “new” character of this decline type has been verified through historic foliar analysis comparisons (cf. Huettl 1991). Furthermore, a remarkable relationship between Mg supply of the soil and Mg nutrition of trees/stands has been demonstrated by many studies indicating that Mg-deficient trees occur only on soils with insufficient Mg availability (e.g. Zoettl and Huettl 1986).
In Vitro Insect Muscle for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Tissue engineering is primarily associated with medical disciplines, and research has thus focused on mammalian cells. For applications where clinical relevance is not a constraint, it is useful to evaluate the potential of alternative cell sources to form tissues in vitro. Specifically, skeletal muscle tissue engineering for bioactuation and cultured foods could benefit from the incorporation of invertebrate cells because of their less stringent growth requirements and other versatile features. Here, we used a Drosophila muscle cell line to demonstrate the benefits of insect cells relative to those derived from vertebrates. The cells were adapted to serum-free media, transitioned between adherent and suspension cultures, and manipulated with hormones. Furthermore, we analyzed edible scaffolds to support cell adhesion and assayed cellular protein and minerals to evaluate nutrition potential. The insect muscle cells exhibited advantageous growth patterns and hold unique functionality for tissue engineering...
Microbiome and Autoimmune Uveitis

Commensal microbes affect all aspects of immune development and homeostasis in health and disease. Increasing evidence points to the notion that the gut commensals impact not only intestinal diseases but also diseases in tissues distant from the gut. Autoimmune or non-infectious uveitis is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammation that affects the neuroretina. It is strongly T cell driven, but the precise causative mechanisms are not fully understood. We and others observed that depletion of gut microbiota in animal models of uveitis attenuated disease. Using a spontaneous model of the disease, we questioned how retina-specific uveitogenic T cells are primed when their cognate antigens are sequestered within the immune privileged eye. The data suggested that gut commensals provide a signal directly through the retina-specific T cell receptor and cause these autoreactive T cells to trigger uveitis. This activation of retina-specific T cells in the gut appears to be independent of the endogenous retinal antigen. Rather, the findings point to the notion that gut microbiota may mimic retinal antigen(s), however, the actual mimic has not yet been identified. Microbiota may also serve as an "adjuvant" providing innate signals that amplify and direct the host immune response for development of uveitis. In contrast, spontaneous uveitis that develops in AIRE-/- mice appears to be independent of gut microbiota. To date, available data on human microbiota in association with uveitis are very limited and causative relationships are difficult to establish. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of microbiome in uveitis and its underlying mechanisms, and discuss unresolved questions and issues in an attempt to explore the concept of gut-retina axis.
Human metapneumovirus fusion protein triggering: Increasing complexities by analysis of new HMPV fusion proteins.

Abstract The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) fusion protein (F) mediates fusion of the viral envelope and cellular membranes to establish infection. HMPV F from some, but not all, viral strains promotes fusion only after exposure to low pH. Previous studies have identified several key residues involved in low pH triggering, including H435 and a proposed requirement for glycine at position 294. We analyzed the different levels of fusion activity, protein expression and cleavage of three HMPV F proteins not previously examined. Interestingly, low pH-triggered fusion in the absence of G294 was identified in one F protein, while a novel histidine residue (H434) was identified that enhanced low pH promoted fusion in another. The third F protein failed to promote cell-to-cell fusion, suggesting other requirements for F protein triggering. Our results demonstrate HMPV F triggering is more complex than previously described and suggest a more intricate mechanism for fusion protein function and activation.
Changes in body mass index in children on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy with precocious puberty, early puberty or short stature

Background The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) for pubertal suppression has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in female subjects with central precocious puberty (CPP), although results have been so far conflicting. This study examined the effects of GnRHa therapy in both genders and in subjects treated for CPP, early puberty or short stature. Methods This was a longitudinal retrospective study of subjects followed at outpatient pediatric endocrinology clinics of an academic medical center from 2005 to 2014 receiving GnRHa therapy. Results At 12 months, subjects on depot GnRHa had a statistically significant increase in BMI standard deviation score (SDS) from baseline (0.13 ± 0.35, p < 0.02). Subjects with short stature (0.17 ± 0.34, p < 0.02) but not early or precocious puberty, and subjects with normal baseline BMI (0.18 ± 0.38, p < 0.02) had significant increases in BMI SDS; no significance was noted at 24 months. Male subjects did not have a significant increase in BMI SDS, whereas female subjects did (0.11 ± 0.36, p < 0.01). Conclusions Subjects with short stature, normal BMI at baseline and female sex had significant increases in BMI SDS at 12 months. This is the first study to show an increase in BMI SDS in children treated with GnRHa for short stature, and is one of the few studies to assess BMI changes in males.
A Virtual Resiliency Intervention Promoting Resiliency for Parents of Children with Learning and Attentional Disabilities: A Randomized Pilot Trial

One in five children have a learning and attentional disability (LAD). Parents of children with LAD are vulnerable to distress, but an evidence-based treatment has not been developed. From June 2016 to November 2017, we conducted a mixed methods study to adapt and assess the virtual delivery of a mind-body group resiliency program, the Stress Management and Resiliency Training-Relaxation Response Resiliency Program (SMART-3RP), to meet the needs of parents of children with LAD; this is an 8-session weekly group intervention. In the first phase, we conducted 4 parent focus group interviews, 2 professional focus group interviews, and 5 professional individual interviews, and 1 pilot group to adapt the SMART-3RP to target the needs of parents of children with LAD. In the second phase, we conducted a pilot wait-list controlled study to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a videoconferencing delivery of the adapted program. Parents were randomized to an immediate intervention group (IG) or wait-list control group (WC). Surveys were administered at baseline (time 1), end of intervention for the IG or 3 months post-baseline for the WC (time 2), and 3 months post treatment for the IG or end of intervention for the WC (time 3). Qualitative findings illustrated high levels of parental stress, with primary stressors including navigating the educational system, interactions with other parents, familial concerns, and financial and professional sacrifices. We adapted the manual to target these stressors and modified session logistics and delivery. Fifty-three parents (mean age = 46.8; 90.6% female) participated nationally in the pilot trial. 62.5% of participants completed ≥ 6/8 sessions; 81.8% reported continued daily/weekly relaxation response exercise practice. T1–T2 comparisons found that IG versus WC participants showed significant improvements in distress [VAS], ∆M = − 1.95; d = .83 and resilience [CES], ∆M = 6.38; d = .83, as well as stress coping [MOCS-A] ∆M = 8.69; d = 1.39; depression and anxiety [PHQ-4], ∆M = − 1.79; d = .71; social support [MOS-SSS], ∆M = 5.47; d = .71; and empathy [IRI], ∆M = 3.17; d = .77; improvements were sustained at the 3 month post intervention follow-up. Pilot wait-list randomized trial findings showed promising feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy for the SMART-3RP intervention adapted for parents of children with LAD. This virtually-delivered resiliency intervention improved parents’ distress, resiliency, and stress coping, which were sustained. NCT02772432.
5- to 16-GeV Single- π + Photoproduction from Hydrogen

The differential cross sections for single-${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ photoproduction from hydrogen have been measured over a range of momentum transfers from -2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ to -2 ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$, and photon energies from 5 to 16 GeV. The differential cross section increases by roughly a factor of 2 as the magnitude of the square of the momentum transfer decreases from 0.02 ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$. The cross section falls approximately as $\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}3|t|)$ at large momentum transfers, with a similar momentum-transfer dependence of the cross section at all photon energies studied.
Short- and long-term effects of ponderosa pine fuel treatments intersected by the Egley Fire Complex, Oregon, USA

Fuel treatments are widely used to alter fuels in forested ecosystems to mitigate wildfire behavior and effects. However, few studies have examined long-term ecological effects of interacting fuel treatments (commercial harvests, pre-commercial thinnings, pile and burning, and prescribed fire) and wildfire. Using annually fitted Landsat satellite-derived Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) curves and paired pre-fire treated and untreated field sites, we tested changes in the differenced NBR (dNBR) and years since treatment as predictors of biophysical attributes one and nine years after the 2007 Egley Fire Complex in Oregon, USA. We also assessed short- and long-term fuel treatment impacts on field-measured attributes one and nine years post fire. One-year post-fire burn severity (dNBR) was lower in treated than in untreated sites across the Egley Fire Complex. Annual NBR trends showed that treated sites nearly recovered to pre-fire values four years post fire, while untreated sites had a slower recovery rate. Time since treatment and dNBR significantly predicted tree canopy and understory green vegetation cover in 2008, suggesting that tree canopy and understory vegetation cover increased in areas that were treated recently pre fire. Live tree density was more affected by severity than by pre-fire treatment in either year, as was dead tree density one year post fire. In 2008, neither treatment nor severity affected percent cover of functional groups (shrub, graminoid, forb, invasive, and moss–lichen–fungi); however, by 2016, shrub, graminoid, forb, and invasive cover were higher in high-severity burn sites than in low-severity burn sites. Total fuel loads nine years post fire were higher in untreated, high-severity burn sites than any other sites. Tree canopy cover and density of trees, saplings, and seedlings were lower nine years post fire than one year post fire across treatments and severity, whereas live and dead tree basal area, understory surface cover, and fuel loads increased. Pre-fire fuel treatments effectively lowered the occurrence of high-severity wildfire, likely due to successful pre-fire tree and sapling density and surface fuels reduction. This study also quantified the changes in vegetation and fuels from one to nine years post fire. We suggest that low-severity wildfire can meet prescribed fire management objectives of lowering surface fuel accumulations while not increasing overstory tree mortality.
Watching for Disease: the Changing Paradigm of Disease Screening in the Age of Consumer Health Devices

There has been a recent proliferation of consumer health devices (CHDs) that enable user-initiated screening for a variety of diseases. These devices represent a paradigm shift in the deployment of disease screening, a process that has historically been led by clinicians following the guidance of professional bodies. The detection of AF via CHDs is a contemporary example of this phenomenon and highlights several important implications of the shift of disease screening from clinicians to CHD users. These include responsibility for patient data and outcomes, healthcare costs and access, and an evolution of the patient-provider relationship. However, as CHD technologies mature and become more affordable, they have the potential to detect actionable subclinical disease and improve health. Rather than allow CHDs to enter the marketplace organically with the potential for unintended negative consequences, it is critical that clinical, research, and industry communities proactively collaborate and establish best practices for their use.
Performance of peaky template matching under additive white Gaussian noise and uniform quantization

Peaky template matching (PTM) is a special case of a general algorithm known as multinomial pattern matching originally developed for automatic target recognition of synthetic aperture radar data. The algorithm is a model- based approach that first quantizes pixel values into N q = 2 discrete values yielding generative Beta-Bernoulli models as class-conditional templates. Here, we consider the case of classification of target chips in AWGN and develop approximations to image-to-template classification performance as a function of the noise power. We focus specifically on the case of a uniform quantization" scheme, where a fixed number of the largest pixels are quantized high as opposed to using a fixed threshold. This quantization method reduces sensitivity to the scaling of pixel intensities and quantization in general reduces sensitivity to various nuisance parameters difficult to account for a priori. Our performance expressions are verified using forward-looking infrared imagery from the Army Research Laboratory Comanche dataset.
Evaluation of an Alternative Skin-On Goat Harvesting Method on Meat Yield and Processing Time

ObjectivesMany Asian cultures such as Taiwanese, Korean and Chinese enjoy bone-in goat meat cubes with skin attached because of the skin’s unique texture. With the growing Asian population in the U.S., there is potential to grow the goat meat market to meet the new demand. The high demand for skin-on goat meat is currently not met domestically because of the absence of cultural knowledge of the niche market and the technological knowledge to produce a high-quality skin-on goat meat product. The objective of this study was to develop a standard procedure for the alternative skin-on goat harvest and fabrication process, along with comparing the processing yields and time efficiency between the alternative skin-on and traditional skin-off harvest and fabrication processes. Materials and MethodsA total of 17 Boer/dairy crossbred goats averaging 26.28 kg and 4 mo of age were harvested in 2 different harvesting techniques: 9 with skin left on the carcasses (skin-on) and 8 with skin removed (skin-off). In skin-on harvest group, carcasses were scalded and dehaired at 61°C for 3 min to remove most of the hair after stunning and exsanguination. The skin-off harvest group was harvested the same as the traditional lamb harvest, using the fisting technique. All carcasses were fabricated using a bandsaw and cut into 2 in. × 2 in. cubes after 24 h of postmortem chilling at 2°C. Cubes from each carcass were placed in individual lug and assessed for consistent quality. Any cube with excessive fat or bones was removed from the batch. Live weight, hot carcass weight, dressing %, chilled carcass weight, and final retail product weight were recorded throughout the harvest and fabrication processes. The harvest time (time spent from stunning to entering the cooler) and the fabrication time (time spent on the bandsaw and removal of inedible products) were also recorded. ResultsThe skin-on treatment group had greater dressing % (61.00 vs. 48.38%; P < 0.01), % chilling loss (6.53 vs. 3.15%; P = 0.01) and % total yield (50.16 vs. 41.36%; P < 0.01) compared to the skin-off treatment group. It is interesting to note that the skin-off treatment tended to have greater % retail product yield (P = 0.07). This is likely due to the skin-on retail product tended to have more cubes with just skin and fat, which were removed from the batch during the quality check. There were no differences between treatments for harvest time (P = 0.79), fabrication time (P = 0.27), and total processing time (P = 0.55). ConclusionThe results are encouraging to goat producers and processors who are interested in this ethnic niche of the goat market as the skin-on process requires similar inputs, but generates additional outputs in comparison to the traditional skin-off harvesting. Additional research on consumers’ willingness-to-pay and economic analysis for domestic skin-on goat meat product is needed to confirm the sustainability of this product.
Optimal joint demand and virtual bidding for a strategic retailer in the short-term electricity market

Abstract This paper proposes a bilevel stochastic optimization model for generating the optimal joint demand and virtual bidding strategy for a strategic retailer in the short-term electricity market, where virtual bidding is used to improve the retailer's market power in the day-ahead (DA) electricity market. In the proposed model, virtual bidding can be used at multiple buses, which are not limited to the locations of the demands of the strategic retailer. In the bilevel stochastic optimization model, the upper level problem maximizes the total profit of demand and virtual bidding, while the lower level problem represents the DA electricity market clearing process; the uncertain demands of the strategic retailer and real-time (RT) electricity prices in the market are represented by scenarios; and the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) is used for risk management. By using the duality theory, Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions and big M method, the proposed bilevel nonlinear optimization model is converted into a single-level mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, which can be solved efficiently by existing commercial solvers. Case studies are performed to validate the proposed model and study the impacts of various model parameters on the strategic retailer's joint demand and virtual bidding strategy.
Hemostatic Agents and Blood Components Used to Stop Bleeding

Hemostasis occurs through a complex process that involves numerous different blood clotting proteins. These blood clotting proteins interact in the initiation, amplification, and propagation phases of the coagulation cascade. Platelets also function to stop bleeding by creating platelet-plugs at the site of injury. Furthermore, von Willebrand factor (VWF) binds to factor VIII, platelet surface glycoproteins, and connective tissue to assist in hemostasis. When the coagulation cascade is initiated, fibrinolysis will also occur simultaneously. Fibrinolysis is the physiological mechanism that dissolves clots and maintains vessel patency. Hemorrhage occurs when the clotting cascade is interrupted through a deficiency or malfunction in one or more of these clotting proteins or when there is a disorder of fibrinolysis. In addition, a qualitative or quantitative defect in platelets or VWF can also lead to a bleeding event. The etiology of bleeding events in patients may be multifaceted, and managing these bleeding patients can be complex and difficult at times. Treatment is generally aimed at replacing the missing or defective blood clotting protein or platelets. This chapter highlights various medications, both recombinant and human derived, that are utilized in the management of bleeding patients. Medication uses listed in this chapter are both based on manufacturer approved indications and also on unlabeled indications, which have been reported in case reports, case series, and more rigorous studies.
Evaluation of the dimensional accuracy of thermoformed appliances taken from 3D printed models with varied shell thicknesses: An in vitro study.

Summary Objective Clinicians make numerous decisions when 3D printing models for fabrication of thermoformed appliances, including printing solid or hollow models. While hollow models can reduce resin use, models intended for thermoformed appliance fabrication must be printed with sufficient thickness to withstand thermoforming. The aim of the study was to determine for hollow 3D printed orthodontic models if there is an effect of shell thickness on the dimensional accuracy of retainers thermoformed upon them as compared with solid models and, if so, to identify the minimum shell thickness that ensures dimensional accuracy of the thermoformed retainer under the conditions investigated. Material and methods Thermoformed appliances were fabricated on 3D printed models of six shell thicknesses: 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, and solid (n = 10/group). The models were scanned before and after thermoforming. Thermoformed appliances were captured by two methods: scanning a polyvinylsiloxane casting of the appliance and scanning the appliance interior surface (intaglio surface). Each model-appliance pair was compared using superimposition software. A generalized linear model and post-hoc Tukey contrasts (α = 0.05) were applied to compare each thickness. Results Model thickness has a statistically significant effect on dimensional accuracy of thermoformed appliances. Appliances fabricated on 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm models displayed poor accuracy, with a statistically significantly lower percentage of data points within tolerance (±0.250 mm) than appliances fabricated on models printed at 2.0 mm thickness and greater. Conclusions 3D printed model thickness affects the dimensional accuracy of a thermoformed retainer. To ensure minimal deformation and promote clinical utility of the thermoformed appliance, models should be printed with a minimum shell thickness of 2.0 mm for the materials investigated.
Predictability and Compensation

Predictable times and processes, strict past, accessible and totally inaccessible times, decomposition of optional times, Doob–Meyer decomposition, natural and predictable processes, dual predictable projection, predictable martingales, compensation and decomposition of random measures, ql-continuous filtrations, induced and discounted compensators, fundamental martingale, product moments, predictable maps.
Progress in Anti-SARS Coronavirus Chemistry, Biology and Chemotherapy.

Publisher Summary Proteolytic processing of the coronavirus replicase polyproteins is essential for ongoing viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Therefore, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) proteases are attractive targets for the development of antiviral drugs to reduce viral replication and pathogenicity. The structure and activity of the coronavirus 3C-like protease (3CLpro) has already been elucidated, and the design of inhibitors to 3CLpro as therapeutics has been proposed. The chapter discusses SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitors that include covalent inhibitors, noncovalent inhibitors, and inhibitors from screening. SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) is considered an equally viable target to 3CLpro for drug design because both are essential for viral replication. However, PLpro has likely not been pursued because of the paucity of structural information. Several compounds have been identified that have shown inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV. However, no information regarding their mechanism of action or the corresponding target is known. Glycyrrhizin showed inhibitory activity for SARS-CoV replication with EC 50 = 300 mg/L after virus absorption in Vero cells. Some glycyrrhizin acid derivatives were found to inhibit SARS-CoV replication in vitro with EC 50 values ranging from 5 to 50 μ M. Unfortunately, these compounds show high cytotoxity.
Trauma-Informed Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: A Promising New Model for Working with Survivors of Interpersonal Violence

This article addresses the benefits of modifying the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program by Kabat-Zinn for survivors of interpersonal trauma. MBSR, originally designed for those dealing with chronic health conditions, is being offered to individuals with a variety of issues around the country, including people who have histories of surviving interpersonal violence. Discussed here are the psychosocial needs of women who have survived interpersonal trauma and the rationale for creating a phase I trauma-intervention based on the MBSR model. An example of one model of a trauma-informed MBSR intervention developed by the author is presented, as well as a summary of findings derived from a randomized controlled pilot study of the model with a community-based sample of women survivors of interpersonal trauma. Outcomes include statistically and clinically significant improvements in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, as well as decreases in a measure of anxious attach...
Effect of 0.25 ppm sulfur dioxide on airway resistance in freely breathing, heavily exercising, asthmatic subjects.

We sought to determine whether 0.25 ppm sulfur dioxide in filtered air causes broncho-constriction when inhaled by freely breathing, heavily exercising, asthmatic subjects. Nineteen asthmatic volunteers exercised at 750 kilogram meters/min for 5 min in an exposure chamber that contained filtered air at ambient temperature and humidity or, on another day, filtered air plus 0.25 ppm sulfur dioxide. The order of exposure to sulfur dioxide and to filtered air alone was randomized, and the experiments were double-blinded. Specific airway resistance, measured by constant-volume, whole-body plethysmography, increased from 6.38 ± 2.07 cm H2O × s (mean ± SD) before exercise to 11.32 ± 8.97 after exercise on days when subjects breathed filtered air alone and from 5.70 ± 1.93 to 13.33 ± 7.54 on days when subjects breathed 0.25 ppm sulfur dioxide in filtered air. The increase in specific airway resistance on days when subjects breathed 0.25 ppm sulfur dioxide was only slightly greater than on days when they breathed ...
VAC7P, A NOVEL VACUOLAR PROTEIN, IS REQUIRED FOR NORMAL VACUOLE INHERITANCE AND MORPHOLOGY

During cell division, the vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae partitions between mother and daughter cells. A portion of the parental vacuole membrane moves into the bud, and ultimately membrane scission divides the vacuole into two separate structures. Here we characterize two yeast mutations causing defects in vacuole membrane scission, vac7-1 and vac14-1. A third mutant, afab1-2 strain, isolated in a nonrelated screen (A. Yamamoto et al., Mol. Biol. Cell 6:525-539, 1995) shares the vacuolar phenotypes of the vac7-1 and vac14-1 strains. Unlike the wild type, mutant vacuoles are not multilobed structures; in many cases, a single vacuole spans both the mother and bud, with a distinct gap in the mother-bud neck. Thus, even where the membranes are closely opposed, vacuole fission is arrested. Simply enlarging the vacuole does not produce this mutant phenotype. An additional common phenotype of these mutants is a defect in vacuole acidification; however, vacuole scission in most other vacuole acidification mutants is normal. An alteration in vacuole membrane lipids could account for both the vacuole membrane scission and acidification defects. Because a directed screen has not identified additional class III complementation groups, it is likely that all three genes are involved in a similar process. Interestingly, FAB1, was previously shown to encode a putative phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase. Moreover, overexpression of FAB1 suppresses the vac14-1 mutation, which suggests that VAC14 and FAB1 act at a common step. VAC7 encodes a novel 128-kDa protein that is localized at the vacuole membrane. This location of Vac7p is consistent with its involvement in vacuole morphology and inheritance.
Monitoring the antitumor response of naive and memory CD8 T cells in RAG1-/- mice by positron-emission tomography.

Therapeutic antitumor immunity depends on a highly migratory CTL population capable of activation and trafficking between lymphoid and tumor-bearing microanatomic sites. We recently adapted positron-emission tomography gene expression imaging for noninvasive, longitudinal localization and quantitation of antitumor T lymphocyte migration in vivo. In this study, we apply this system to enumerate the temporal accumulation of naive vs memory T cells. Naive or memory OT-1 CD8 + T cells, retrovirally marked with the sr39TK gene, were adoptively transferred into RAG1 −/− animals bearing EL-4 or EG.7 (an OVA-expressing subline), and repetitively imaged by microPET over several weeks. Memory cells demonstrated early accumulation and apparent proliferation, with large T cell numbers at the Ag-positive tumor as early as day 1 after T cell transfer. Naive T cells did not accumulate in the E.G7 tumor until day 8, and reached only 25% of the peak levels achieved by memory T cells. Both naive and memory cells eradicated the Ag-expressing tumor at a comparable density of intratumoral T cells (2–4 × 10 6 /g). However, due to the slower rate of T cell expansion and continued tumor growth, naive cells required ∼10-fold higher Ag-specific precursor frequency to reach a tumoricidal cell density. As recently reported, memory but not naive T cells accumulated in local lymph nodes and lungs, where they persisted as a resident population after tumor eradication. Positron-emission tomography-based immunologic imaging is a noninvasive modality providing unique and meaningful information on the dynamics of the antitumor CTL response.