cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Transient Radiation Upset in a 2K SRAM

Experimental characterization of the effects of power supply interconnect resistance on the transient radiation induced upset level of a 2K SRAM and correlations with rail span collapse simulations are presented. The results show that the dose-rate upset threshold increases if columns of RAM cells are isolated from the Vss supply grid. The magnitude of this increase is predicted well by computer simulations.
Stroke: finding atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke.

Nearly 40% of ischaemic strokes remain cryptogenic when no clear aetiology is identified after a thorough initial investigation. Two recent articles in Stroke described extended arrhythmia monitoring modalities to reveal paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with ischaemic stroke, with implications for decisions regarding anticoagulation.
The effect of chronic pulmonary hypertension on diastolic annular tissue velocities: a pilot study.

Background Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral (MA) and tricuspid annular (TA) events has been shown to describe systolic and diastolic properties of each respective ventricle. However, the effect of chronic elevations in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) on individual diastolic annular velocities has not been well characterized. Methods Measurements of left (Lv) and right ventricular (Rv) performance and TDI of the lateral MA and TA to measure systolic and early and late diastolic velocities were recorded from 50 individuals (group I: mean age was 56 ± 15 years and mean PASP of 29 ± 6 mm Hg) and from 50 patients (group II: mean age was 55 ± 14 years and mean PASP of 83 ± 27 mm Hg). Results Group II patients had worse parameters of Rv performance whereas Lv systolic function remained unaffected when compared with group I. Group II had lower TA early velocities (0.09 ± 0.04 m/sec versus 0.12 ± 0.03 m/sec; P 0.0001) with higher late diastolic MA velocities (0.12 ± 0.04 m/sec versus 0.10 ± 0.03 m/sec; P 0.002) than group I. MA late diastolic velocity (P (P Conclusion Chronic pulmonary hypertension seems to selectively affect TDI annular diastolic velocities of both ventricles in different ways. Additional studies are needed to correlate changes in annular TDI velocities with symptoms and clinical outcomes in chronic pulmonary hypertension.
Translational Research: Moving Discovery to Practice

In the first week of October, I announced the launch of a national consortium that will transform how clinical and translational research is conducted; ultimately enabling researchers to provide new treatments more efficiently and quickly to patients. This new consortium, funded through Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs), begins with 12 academic health centers (AHCs) located throughout the nation. An additional 52 AHCs are receiving planning grants to help them prepare to apply for a CTSA.
Collisional Stability of Fermionic Feshbach Molecules

Using a Feshbach resonance, we create ultracold fermionic molecules starting from a Bose-Fermi atom gas mixture. The resulting mixture of atoms and weakly bound molecules provides a rich system for studying few-body collisions because of the variety of atomic collision partners for molecules; either bosonic, fermionic, or distinguishable atoms. Inelastic loss of the molecules near the Feshbach resonance is dramatically affected by the quantum statistics of the colliding particles and the scattering length. In particular, we observe a molecule lifetime as long as 100 ms near the Feshbach resonance.
Flowshop scheduling with limited temporary storage

We examine the problem of scheduling 2-machine flowshops in order to minimize makespan, using a limited amount of intermediate storage buffers. Although there are efficient algorithms for the extreme cases of zero and infinite buffer capacities, we show that all the intermediate (finite capacity) cases are NP-complete. We prove exact bounds for the relative improvement of execution times when a given buffer capacity is used. We also analyze an efficient heuristic for solving the 1-buffer problem, showing that it has a 3/2 worst-case performance. Furthermore, we show that the "no-wait" (i.e., zero buffer) flowshop scheduling problem with 4 machines is NP-complete. This partly settles a well-known open question, although the 3-machine case is left open here.
Fast UV slitless spectrometer for meteor research

We have designed a wide-field, objective grating spectrograph based on a Schmidt optical system, similar to one flown in sounding rocket investigations by the Naval Research Laboratory. The instrument covers a field of view 10 degrees in diameter, has a spectral range of 130 - 300 nanometers, and utilizes a solar blind image intensifier tube coupled to a CCD array camera. The instrument could be flown as a Shuttle Hitchhiker payload, in a Spartan mission, or (eventually) as a Space Station attached payload. Another possible application of the instrument would be to observe any UV emission from lightning `sprites', which would be prominent if these extend to high enough altitudes to be above a significant portion of the ozone layer.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Noble gases in six ordinary chondrites: comparison of exposure ages from noble gases with 26Al ages

Abstract Noble gases were redetermined in six ordinary chondrites in order to clarify some discrepancies between cosmic-ray exposure ages from noble gas isotopes and 26Al activity. Generally, samples used for noble-gas analyses were from the same specimen which earlier had been used for 26Al determinations in this laboratory. The high 21Ne ages (> 3 × 106 y) for Dimmitt, Menow and Pierceville are consistent with 26A1 activity at saturation level. Variations in both 21Nec age and 26Al activity, in earlier measurements on Dimmitt, were due to “shielding”; very low noble-gas ages in earlier analyses on Menow and Pierceville were due to mis-labelling of samples. Earlier observation of very low noble-gas ages for Seres, which is inconsistent with its saturation activity of 26Al, is confirmed. Ladder Creek yields consistent ages both from noble gases and 26Al. Malotas contains a substantial excess of 21Ne, as revealed by a higher 21Ne age, compared to its 26Al age; the excess 21Ne is probably due to “pre-irradiation”. Isotopic compositions for trapped Kr and Xe in these chondrites, excepting Seres, are very similar to compositions determined earlier for ordinary chondrites. The Xe in Seres is enriched in light isotopes and is similar to solar Xe.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Magnetic Field Effects on Turbulent Duct Flows

Magnetic fields are crucial in controlling flow in various physical processes of significance. One of these processes, which has significant application of a magnetic field, is continuous casting of steel, where different magnetic field configurations are used to control the turbulent steel flow in the mold to minimize defects in the cast steel. This study has been undertaken to analyze the effect of magnetic field on mean velocities and turbulence parameters in the molten metal flows through a square duct. Direct Numerical Simulations without using a sub-grid scale (SGS) model have been used to characterize the three-dimensional transient flow. The coupled Navier-Stokes-MHD equations have been solved with a three-dimensional fractional-step numerical procedure. Because liquid metals have low magnetic Reynolds number, the induced magnetic field has been neglected and the electric potential method for magnetic field-flow coupling has been implemented. Initially, laminar simulations in a square duct have been performed and results generated were compared with previous series solutions. Next, simulations of a non-MHD flow in a square duct at low Reynolds number were performed and satisfactorily compared with results of a previous DNS study. Subsequently, different levels of a magnetic field were applied to study its effect on the turbulence until the flow completely laminarized. Time-dependent and time-averaged flows have been studied through mean velocities and fluctuations, and power spectrums of instantaneous velocities.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Simultaneous vibration isolation and pointing control of flexure jointed hexapods

Vibration isolation and precision pointing problems using hexapods have been separately investigated by several groups of researchers. Since many applications require simultaneous vibration isolation and precision pointing (e.g., telescopes, laser communication, and laser weapons), it is particularly useful to do both with a single device. A simultaneous control scheme is developed in this paper using acceleration feedback to provide high-frequency vibration isolation, while Cartesian pointing feedback provides low-frequency pointing. The compensation is divided by frequency because pointing sensors often have a low bandwidth, while acceleration sensors often have a poor low-frequency response. Methods for unifying these finite bandwidth joint and Cartesian controls to perform simultaneous pointing and vibration isolation on a single platform are developed and verified. Experiments on the University of Wyoming hexapods show that this scheme provides a viable control bandwidth.
A low-altitude mechanism for mesoscale dynamics, structure, and current filamentation in the discrete aurora

The 2D nonlinear evolution of the ionization-driven adiabatic auroral arc instability is studied. We find: (1) the adiabatic auroral arc instability can fully develop on time scales of tens to hundreds of seconds and on spatial scales of tens to hundreds of kilometers; (2) the evolution of this instability leads to nonlinear 'hook-shaped' conductivity structures: (3) this instability can lead to parallel current filamentation over a wide range of scale sizes; and (4) the k-spectra of the density, electric field, and parallel current develop into inverse power laws in agreement with satellite observations. Comparison with mesoscale auroral phenomenology and current filamentation structures is made.
Digital library service integration

The Digital Library Service Integration project (DLSI) automatically generates links to related collections and services. Our primary contribution is providing a relatively straightforward, sustainable infrastructure for integrating information systems. The DLSI infrastructure provides a systematic approach for integrating systems with Web interfaces. DLSI generates link anchors and links automatically. If a collection or service can operate on an element, DLSI will generate a link leading directly to that system's feature.
Diagenetic Hematite and Manganese Oxides and Fault-Related Fluid Flow in Jurassic Sandstones, Southeastern Utah

A variety of diagenetic hematite and manganese oxide deposits occur within well-exposed Jurassic eolian and related deposits of southeastern Utah. Hematite concretions (millimeters to tens of meters in size) and strata-bound layers occur in the permeable Navajo, Page, and Entrada sandstones. Localized manganese oxide deposits without significant iron oxide occur in the overlying rocks covering the Summerville-Tidwell interval. Field, lab, and numerical modeling studies indicate the diagenetic deposits are related to the Moab fault. Fluid inclusion studies show salinities of fault fluids range from 0 to 19.7 NaCl equivalent weight percent. The d18O (SMOW) and d13C (PDB) values of cements and veins range from 7 to 27o/oo and -12 to +5o/oo, respectively. The d87Sr (SMOW) values of these cements and veins range from 0.210 to 2.977o/oo, values substantially more radiogenic than Pennsylvanian seawater. Saline brines formed from solution of Pennsylvanian salts by meteoric water and are interpreted to have flowed up the Moab fault and outward into adjacent permeable rocks. These brines are reducing from interaction with hydrocarbon, methane, organic acids, or hydrogen sulfide, and thus remove iron, manganese, and 87Sr, and bleach the sandstones near the fault. The isotopic evidence suggests multiple episodes of fluid flow up the Moab fault system. When saline, reduced brines mixed with shallow oxygenated groundwater, iron and manganese oxides were precipitated as cements to form concretions and tabular deposits in the porous sandstones. Multiple episodes of iron oxide mineralization and concretionary geometries are evident and can be explained as the result of permeability heterogeneities in the host rock, presence of favorable nucleii for precipitation, a self-organization process, or the influence of microbes.
Stem Cells, the Molecular Circuitry of Pluripotency and Nuclear Reprogramming

Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state has been achieved by nuclear transplantation of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated egg and most recently by introducing defined transcription factors into somatic cells. Nuclear reprogramming is of great medical interest, as it has the potential to generate a source of patient-specific cells. Here, we review strategies to reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic state and discuss our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming based on recent insights into the regulatory circuitry of the pluripotent state.
Life cycle of fronts: intrinsic dynamics in a 3D semi‐geostrophic model

This article reports an analysis of the intrinsic dynamics of the life cycle of fronts in a three-dimensional (3D) inviscid adiabatic semi-geostrophic model performed in physical coordinates instead of geostrophic coordinates. The Sawyer–Eliassen equation is generalized to two coupled equations that govern the ageostrophic circulation in a 3D balanced flow. We present a formal solution of the two ageostrophic potentials in the form of two separate functionals of the geostrophic stream function. The integration reveals simultaneous development of realistic cold and warm fronts from a weak unstable wave disturbance in the presence of an initial baroclinic jet. They reach full intensity in a few days. The model fronts evolve towards a singularity that signals their impending demise. Frontal collapse occurs shortly afterwards. It is diagnosed with the concept of semi-geostrophic potential vorticity. The dynamical difference between cold and warm fronts stems from the differences in the thermal advection by the geostrophic and ageostrophic flow components in the two frontal regions.
A MANET simulation tool to study algorithms for generating propagation maps

In this paper we describe a new simulation tool used to study the creation and optimization of propagation maps for Node State Routing protocols within wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. The simulation is developed in MATLAB and interfaces with DLL libraries for network data management support. These DLL libraries also have applications within OPNET for other Node State Routing studies.
Long-acting anticholinergic use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: efficacy and safety

Purpose of reviewThis article reviews findings from recently published randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to provide an up-to-date assessment of the efficacy and safety of tiotropium, the only currently available long-acting muscarinic antagonist, when used alone or in conjunction w
Human and mouse disorders of pigmentation

Disorders of pigmentation were among the first genetic diseases ever recognized because of their visually striking clinical phenotypes, resulting from defects of pigmentary melanocytes. Recent years have seen remarkable progress in understanding these diseases, largely as a result of the systematic parallel study of human patients and inbred mice with similar phenotypes. Our understanding of disorders of pigmentation indicates that these diseases may be most usefully considered as abnormalities of melanocyte development, function, or survival.
Introduction to disjunctive kriging and non-linear geostatistics

Although linear geostatistics was first developed to tackle problems posed in evaluating bodies of ore in mines, it has since been extended to other fields of activity. Tools such as the variogram and kriging are now in everyday use for estimating the mean grade of material in an area from values achieved from measured samples. Not all the problems in the management of natural resources can be tackled by the methods of geostatistics, however. Non-linear geostatistics must be used if the probability of an actual but unknown concentraion at a given location exceeding a particular threshold needs to be assessed. Although this is in the forefront of statistical development, it has a potential application over a wide range of practical problems and is likely to occupy an important place in the statutory monitoring and control of air, water, and land pollution. Dr Rivoirard addresses the lack of any comprehensive book on this subject and the very mathematical nature of the publications that do exist by giving a description in detail of the basic methods and models of non-linear geostatistics, with the emphasis on concepts rather than on mathematics. This book is intended for academics, practitioners, and postgraduate students familiar with linear geostatistics. Likely departments are physical (hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, soil sciences) and economic (agriculture, mining, fishing) geography, natural resources management, environmental sciences, mining engineering.
Dispersal: Population Consequences and Evolution

Most animal and plant populations are divided into a number of local populations with some dispersal of individuals from one site to another. A theoretical investigation of the phenomenon of dispersal suggests the following consequences: Isolated and poorly accessible sites will tend to become less crowded than an average site as a result of dispersal. An episode of dispersal will result in uneven crowding at the various sites. Variation in the degree of crowding resulting from dispersal will depress the total population size of a species over its entire range. Variation in the carrying capacity with time will lead to an analogous depression of the mean population size. Spatial variation in the carrying capacities of the sites will favor a sensitive response leading to a rapid increase in the emigration rate with crowding, while variation with time will disfavor a response very sensitive to crowding. Variation in space will favor the emigration of a small fraction of the population, while variation in time will favor the emigration of a larger fraction.
Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake

[Avena, N.M., Rada, P., Hoebel B.G., 2007. Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews XX(X), XXX-XXX]. The experimental question is whether or not sugar can be a substance of abuse and lead to a natural form of addiction. "Food addiction" seems plausible because brain pathways that evolved to respond to natural rewards are also activated by addictive drugs. Sugar is noteworthy as a substance that releases opioids and dopamine and thus might be expected to have addictive potential. This review summarizes evidence of sugar dependence in an animal model. Four components of addiction are analyzed. "Bingeing," "withdrawal," "craving" and "cross-sensitization" are each given operational definitions and demonstrated behaviorally with sugar bingeing as the reinforcer. These behaviors are then related to neurochemical changes in the brain that also occur with addictive drugs. Neural adaptations include changes in dopamine and opioid receptor binding, enkephalin mRNA expression and dopamine and acetylcholine release in the nucleus accumbens. The evidence supports the hypothesis that under certain circumstances rats can become sugar dependent. This may translate to some human conditions as suggested by the literature on eating disorders and obesity.
Use of hair dyes, hematopoietic neoplasms, and lymphomas: A literature review. I. Leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes

We review published epidemiologic studies on personal use of hair dyes and leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). A subsequent article will review studies on lymphomas and multiple myeloma. A computerized literature search for the years 1966 through 1996 was completed using MEDLINE. Data were extracted using a standardized form that recorded study design, study population, type of cases, comparison group, sources of data on personal exposure to hair dyes, method of data collection, type of exposure data collected, covariates, and results. The above search identified 13 epidemiologic studies on the possible association between personal use of hair dyes and leukemias and MDS. Although there are some reports of positive associations, overall the evidence linking personal use of hair dyes to various leukemia and MDS subgroups is weak. One cannot definitively rule out an association, however, because of the methodologic limitations, such as small numbers of exposed cases and lack of detailed exposure information. Any further research would need much better assessment of hair dye use, including product type, color frequency, duration, and changes in use over time, and adequate statistical power.
System design extreme makeover

With complexities of systems-on-chip (SOCs) rising almost daily, the design community has been searching for a new methodology that can handle given complexities with increased productivity and decreased time-to-market. In order to find a solution for the system-level design flow, we must look at the system gap between SW and HW designs and then try to bridge this gap by developing a design flow that is based on common principles applicable to software and hardware. In order to achieve this design flow we can define design process by using the concepts found in standard algebras which, in turn, allows us to define design models more formally with clean unambiguous semantics. Such clean semantics allows automatic model generation, simplifies synthesis algorithms and verification techniques.
Assessing drought-related ecological risk in the Florida Everglades

In the winter-spring of 2001, South Florida experienced one of the worst droughts in its recorded history. Out of a myriad of ecological concerns identified during this time, the potential for catastrophic peat fire and negative impacts to wading bird reproduction emerged as critical issues. Water managers attempted to strike a balance between the environment and protection of water supplies for agriculture and urban interests. It became evident, however, that a broad-scale, integrated way to portray and prioritise ecological stress was lacking in the Florida Everglades, despite this being considered a necessary tool for addressing issues of environmental protection. In order to provide a framework for evaluating various water management operations using real-time information, we developed GIS-based indices of peat-fire risk and wading bird habitat suitability. These indices, based on real physical, chemical, and biological data, describe two ecological conditions that help define the physical and biological integrity of the Everglades. In addition to providing continuous, updated assessments throughout the drought period, we incorporated predictive models of water levels to evaluate how various water management alternatives might exacerbate or alleviate ecological stress during this time.
The preferred timing of second-trimester obstetric sonography based on maternal body mass index.

Objective. To determine the preferred timing of sonographic screening of fetal anatomy based on the maternal body mass index (BMI). Methods. We abstracted the sonographic reports of 2303 gravidas undergoing routine fetal anatomic screening between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation to determine the completeness of the study. Height and weight information was available on 1444 patients. The maternal BMI (weight [kilograms]/height [square meters]) was categorized as underweight ( 29.0). Completion rates were compared by Χ 2 analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate for independent predictors of a completed study. Results. Except for underweight women, completion rates for all BMI categories were significantly higher when the sonographic examinations were performed between 18 weeks and 19 weeks 6 days compared with those performed between 15 weeks and 17 weeks 6 days. Body mass index, estimated gestational age, and black race were independent predictors of a completed study. Conclusions. Except in underweight women, the 18- to 20-week interval appears to be superior to the 15- to 18-week interval when performing sonographic screening of the fetal anatomy.
Cross-bidding in simultaneous online auctions: Antecedents and consequences

Cross-bidding is a new strategy used in online auctions. The bidder simultaneously monitors several identical auctions, taking advantage of their price differential. We examined the determinants and outcomes of cross-bidding behavior and the contingent factors that shape it. Using empirical data, we demonstrated that cross-bidders can realize significant price discounts compared to non-cross-bidders; the number of experienced bidders in an auction market contributes to more cross-bidding; and this effect is positively moderated by market liquidity of the product being auctioned.
The European Monetary System: Crisis and Future

This paper examines the immediate and the fundamental causes of the crisis that hit the European Monetary System in September 1992 and August 1993 and the obstacles that European countries face in trying to achieve their ultimate goal of full monetary union, including a single currency and a union-wide central bank by the end of this decade. The conclusion that follows from the paper is that achieving full monetary union in Europe by the end of this decade is certainly possible but not certain. A major recession or other shock affecting asymmetrically more than one large member nation could derail or at least delay the process of monetary union. Although major benefits are expected to flow from monetary union in Europe, even more important are the political benefits that such a union would provide to its members.
Adaptive Rule-Based Malware Detection Employing Learning Classifier Systems: A Proof of Concept

Efficient and accurate malware detection is increasingly becoming a necessity for society to operate. Existing malware detection systems have excellent performance in identifying known malware for which signatures are available, but poor performance in anomaly detection for zero day exploits for which signatures have not yet been made available or targeted attacks against a specific entity. The primary goal of this paper is to provide evidence for the potential of learning classifier systems to improve the accuracy of malware detection. A proof of concept is presented for adaptive rule-based malware detection employing learning classifier systems, which combines a rule-based expert system with evolutionary algorithm based reinforcement learning, thus creating a self-training adaptive malware detection system which dynamically evolves detection rules. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate the system's ability to learn effective rules from repeated presentations of a tagged training set and show the degree of generalization achieved on an independent test set.
Radiative transport theory for light propagation in luminescent media

We propose a generalization of radiative transport theory to account for light propagation in luminescent random media. This theory accounts accurately for the multiple absorption and reemission of light at different wavelengths and for anisotropic luminescence. To test this theory, we apply it to model light propagation in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). The source-iteration method is used in two spatial dimensions for LSCs based on semiconductor quantum dots and aligned nanorods. The LSC performance is studied in detail, including its dependence on particle concentration and the anisotropy of the luminescence. The computational results using this theory are compared with Monte Carlo simulations of photon transport and found to agree qualitatively. The proposed approach offers a deterministic methodology, which can be advantageous for analytic and computational modeling. This approach has potential for more efficient and cost-effective LSCs, as well as in other applications involving luminescent radiation.
Examining the Pipeline Into Educational Administration: An Analysis of Applications and Job Offers

Purpose: Studies show that there are far greater numbers of individuals certified to be educational administrators than of positions requiring such certification. Yet concerns regarding shortages a...
Detrimental Effects of Hypothermia

Hypothermia in humans is defined as a core temperature below 35°C. Primary accidental hypothermia occurs as a result of overwhelming cold stress, such as cold water immersion or exposure. Secondary accidental hypothermia is a result of alterations in thermoregulation and heat production. Secondary hypothermia occurs more frequently, and injuries are the common etiologic factor. Mild hypothermia frequently occurs in the operating room. This chapter will review the organ-specific effects of hypothermia and potentially detrimental effects of hypothermia on trauma and postoperative patients.
Undam It? Klamath Tribes, Social Ecological Systems, and Economic Impacts of River Restoration

This study explores the complex cultural, environmental, and economic forces that converge in the United States' Klamath River Basin, also addressing potential solutions. With watershed modifications and construction of dams in the early-twentieth century, ecosystems have been adversely impacted, creating significant challenges for tribes and wildlife, including fish populations. Competing interests and shifting policy priorities have contributed to a highly contested landscape that may be moving toward more sustainable development. Indigenous communities are playing a central role in moving away from long-term conflict among diverse stakeholders over fish and water resources and toward more recent collaborative efforts in planning one of the largest dam removals in history.Two crucial questions are addressed in this paper: (1) What key factors influence environmental governance? and (2) How might proposed dam removal impact socioeconomic conditions? After a brief literature review regarding spatiotempora...
Abstract 76: Testing the Feasibility of Using Telemedicine for Post-Cardiac Arrest Management in the Emergency Department

Objectives: Dissemination and implementation of post-cardiac arrest care (i.e. targeted temperature management [TTM]) has lagged across the US, and access to centers capable of delivering TTM remains limited. Telemedicine has been utilized for time sensitive conditions (acute ischemic stroke) and may provide a means for expanding clinical expertise. We sought to test the practical and technological feasibility of using emergency department (ED) based telemedicine to manage return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after OHCA including induction of TTM. Methods: We created a hub-spoke telemedical network between an academic level I trauma center and two affiliated EDs - each with a telemedical cart equipped with a HD-video camera, speaker, and microphone. Text- alerts notified the on-call telemedical team of OHCA in the ED. The on-call physician connected via an Internet ready laptop with the ability to: control the ED cart camera, access the EMR, lab values, and radiology images. Consults were monitored to assess connection time and clarity. Results: Over 12-weeks there were 31 OHCA alerts; 13 achieved ROSC (41.9%), 84.6% of ROSC cases utilized telemedicine; 81.8% were TTM-eligible and 100% of these cases utilized telemedicine. Mean connection time was 3.7 min (3.6 SD); mean duration was 71.7 min (SD 62.7). Mean number of connection attempts was 1.2, with no complete disconnections. Consultants ranked ability to see and hear staff/patients on a Likert scale (5, 4.7 respectively: 5= great). Staff ranked ability to see and hear the telemedical consultant similarly (4.9, 4.8). Conclusions: This ED-based telemedical pilot demonstrates the practical and technological feasibility of expanding the use of telemedicine to manage and direct protocolized post-cardiac arrest care. This pilot begins to reveal the capability of using telemedicine within the ED for improving the adherence to evidence based protocols for the management of unplanned critical illnesses.
Outcomes of primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with morbid obesity.

Background Obesity is a risk factor for worse outcomes in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this investigation was to determine outcomes of primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in patients with morbid obesity. Methods We reviewed all primary RSAs performed on morbidly obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m 2 ) patients from 2005 to 2012 at our institution with at least 2 years of follow-up. The study included 41 patients (57% female), the mean BMI was 44 kg/m 2 , and the mean age was 67.7 years. Results The only intraoperative complication was an inferior glenoid fracture that remained stable after glenosphere implantation. At a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 2-7.36 years), 2 patients (5%) required revision surgery for infection (n = 1) and humeral loosening (n = 1). Survival was 98% at 2 years and 92% at 5 years. Additional postoperative complications included ulnar neuropathy (n = 1) and heterotopic ossification (n = 2). Pain relief was excellent, with 93% reporting moderate or severe pain preoperatively compared with 2% postoperatively ( P P P = .01), and females had worse functional outcomes and shoulder motion ( P Conclusions RSA is a successful procedure in morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 ). At intermediate follow-up, there is good implant survival with a reasonable complication rate and excellent pain relief.
Factors Determining δ-Bilirubin Levels in Infants With Biliary Atresia.

ABSTRACTObjectives:δ-Bilirubin (Bδ) forms when bilirubin conjugates covalently bind to albumin by way of nonenzymatic transesterification in patients with cholestasis. Infants with cholestasis with biliary atresia form Bδ. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors determining serum
Schneller zur optimalen Schalldämpferschale

Hohe Anforderungen an die Fahrzeugakustik erfordern die fokussierte Betrachtung schallabstrahlender Oberflachen der Abgasanlage. Die Gestaltung der Schalldampferschalen ist hierbei von entscheidender Bedeutung. Bereits in der Konzeptphase werden bei Arvin-Meritor zur Formfindung Optimierungswerkzeuge eingesetzt. Der notwendige Kompromiss zwischen optimaler Bauraumnutzung und Schalensteifigkeit wird durch eine simulationsgestutzte Geometriegestaltung der Schale erreicht. Weiteres Potenzial eroffnet das Aufbringen von Sicken auf die Schalldampferschale. Die Kombination aus messtechnischer Analyse und Topographieoptimierung bietet die Moglichkeit einer prazisen akustischen Anpassung der Schalengeometrie.
Inadequate sleep as a mediating variable between exposure to interparental violence and depression severity in adolescents

Exposure to violence, including interparental and peer dating violence, is a public health concern associated with negative outcomes, including depression. However, little is known about mechanisms by which exposure to violence influences depressive symptoms. One factor that may help explain this association is problematic sleep. This study sought to determine whether short sleep duration mediates the relationship between exposure to violence (interparental and peer dating violence) and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediating role of short sleep duration from a 3-year longitudinal study of 1,042 high school students. Results demonstrated interparental violence was negatively related to sleep duration (friends dating violence was not), and sleep duration negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Adolescents exposed to violence between their parents obtained less sleep on school nights. In turn, they reported more depressive symptoms. Short sleep duration mediated the relationship between exposure to interparental violence and depression severity.
Study on Standard for Grid-Integration of Distributed Resources

Recently,the application of distributed resources(DR) and microgrid promotes the development of standards for grid-integration of DR and microgrid.Existing standards for DR integration home and abroad are introduced,and representative standards for grid-integration of DR,which are being executed in North America,Europe and China,are chosen and compared in aspects of ancillary service,fault ride through(FRT) and power quality.Main differences of standards adopted in North America and Europe for grid-integration of DR are pointed out,and the development trend of standards for grid-integration of DR and microgrid is analyzed.Some suggestions on the drafting and revision of standards for grid-integration of DR in China are proposed.
Rapid (Ligase-Free) Subcloning of Polymerase Chain Reaction Products

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a versatile, widely used method for the production of a very large number of copies of a specific DNA molecule (1,2). For some applications, it is advantageous to subclone the PCR product into a plasmid vector for subsequent replication in bacteria (3-6). Subcloning the PCR product into a plasmid vector has several advantages: (1) the amplified fragment can be sequenced with greater reliability, (2) only one allele is sequenced per clone, and (3) the vector containing the PCR product may be used for other molecular biological experiments, e.g., in vitro transcription, radiolabeling, and further amplification in bacteria.
WE-AB-207A-08: BEST IN PHYSICS (IMAGING): Advanced Scatter Correction and Iterative Reconstruction for Improved Cone-Beam CT Imaging On the TrueBeam Radiotherapy Machine

Purpose: To improve CBCT image quality for image-guided radiotherapy by applying advanced reconstruction algorithms to overcome scatter, noise, and artifact limitations Methods: CBCT is used extensively for patient setup in radiotherapy. However, image quality generally falls short of diagnostic CT, limiting soft-tissue based positioning and potential applications such as adaptive radiotherapy. The conventional TrueBeam CBCT reconstructor uses a basic scatter correction and FDK reconstruction, resulting in residual scatter artifacts, suboptimal image noise characteristics, and other artifacts like cone-beam artifacts. We have developed an advanced scatter correction that uses a finite-element solver (AcurosCTS) to model the behavior of photons as they pass (and scatter) through the object. Furthermore, iterative reconstruction is applied to the scatter-corrected projections, enforcing data consistency with statistical weighting and applying an edge-preserving image regularizer to reduce image noise. The combined algorithms have been implemented on a GPU. CBCT projections from clinically operating TrueBeam systems have been used to compare image quality between the conventional and improved reconstruction methods. Planning CT images of the same patients have also been compared. Results: The advanced scatter correction removes shading and inhomogeneity artifacts, reducing the scatter artifact from 99.5 HU to 13.7 HU in a typical pelvis case. Iterative reconstruction provides further benefit by reducing image noise and eliminating streak artifacts, thereby improving soft-tissue visualization. In a clinical head and pelvis CBCT, the noise was reduced by 43% and 48%, respectively, with no change in spatial resolution (assessed visually). Additional benefits include reduction of cone-beam artifacts and reduction of metal artifacts due to intrinsic downweighting of corrupted rays. Conclusion: The combination of an advanced scatter correction with iterative reconstruction substantially improves CBCT image quality. It is anticipated that clinically acceptable reconstruction times will result from a multi-GPU implementation (the algorithms are under active development and not yet commercially available). All authors are employees of and (may) own stock of Varian Medical Systems.
Linking Climate Change and Groundwater

Projected global change includes groundwater systems, which are linked with changes in climate over space and time. Consequently, global change affects key aspects of subsurface hydrology (including soil water, deeper vadose zone water, and unconfined and confined aquifer waters), surface-groundwater interactions, and water quality. Research and publications addressing projected climate effects on subsurface water are catching up with surface water studies. Even so, technological advances, new insights and understanding are needed regarding terrestrial-subsurface systems, biophysical process interactions, and feedbacks to atmospheric processes. Importantly, groundwater resources need to be assessed in the context of atmospheric CO2 enrichment, warming trends and associated changes in intensities and frequencies of wet and dry periods, even though projections in space and time are uncertain. Potential feedbacks of groundwater on the global climate system are largely unknown, but may be stronger than previously assumed. Groundwater has been depleted in many regions, but management of subsurface storage remains an important option to meet the combined demands of agriculture, industry (particularly the energy sector), municipal and domestic water supply, and ecosystems. In many regions, groundwater is central to the water-food-energy-climate nexus. Strategic adaptation to global change must include flexible, integrated groundwater management over many decades. Adaptation itself must be adaptive over time. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of climate and groundwater interactions and to guide integrated groundwater management.
Der Patient als Zeichen und als Erzählung: Krankheitsbilder, Lebensgeschichten und die erste psychoanalytische Fallgeschichte

Freud gilt allgemein als Erfinder der Fallgeschichte, obwohl es auch vor ihm ohne Zweifel Berichte und Geschichten uber Patienten gab. Der franzosische Arzt Philippe Pinel (1745–1826) war der erste, der bei seinen Patienten mentale Storungen systematisch aufzeichnete und beschrieb. Von Pinel her leiten sich der Autorin zufolge zwei Traditionen ab, die zwei Diskurse generieren: den semiologischen, der sich am »Krankheitsbild« festmacht, und den narratologischen, der die »Lebensgeschichte« in den Mittelpunkt ruckt. Wahrend Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) und Emil Kraepelin (1856–1925) das Konstrukt des »Krankheitsbildes« favorisierten, um Geisteskrankheiten diagnostizieren und klassifizieren zu konnen, bemuhten sich Adolf Meyer (1866–1950) und Freud um die Rekonstruktion der »Lebensgeschichte« ihrer Patienten. Was Meyer aber versagt blieb – die Herstellung der Verbindung zwischen Erzahlung und pathologischem Zeichen –, gelang schlieslich Freud: Mit der Krankengeschichte der Elisabeth von R. (1895) schrieb er die erste psychoanalytische Fallgeschichte, die den Zusammenhang von Erzahlung und Symptom erfast.
Unraveling Difficult Sentences Strategies to Support Reading Comprehension

The ability to understand sentences contributes to students’ reading comprehension. However, many reading programs tend to underemphasize explicit instruction aimed at enhancing students’ knowledge of sentence structures. Children with language impairments, students with learning disabilities, and English language learners may particularly benefit from instruction that targets potentially challenging sentence structures. This article is designed to help educators and clinicians more effectively identify and teach several sentence structures that can compromise elementary and middle school students’ understanding of written text. Four types of sentence structures that may be difficult to process are introduced and systematically explored: (a) sentences with passive verb constructions, (b) adverbial clauses with temporal and causal conjunctions, (c) center-embedded relative clauses, and (d) sentences with three or more clauses. Information is presented on syntactic structures, sources of confusion, developm...
What are the barriers to access to mental healthcare and the primary needs of asylum seekers? A survey of mental health caregivers and primary care workers

We aimed to assess the opinion of primary care workers, social workers, translators and mental health caregivers who work with asylum seekers about the latter’s unmet needs and barriers to access to mental healthcare. We used a Likert scale to assess the opinion of 135 primary care workers (general practitioners, nurses, social workers and translators) and mental health caregivers about the proportion of asylum seekers with psychiatric disorders, their priority needs and their main barriers to mental health services. Insufficient access to adequate financial resources, poor housing and security conditions, access to employment, professional training and legal aid were considered as priority needs, as were access to dental and mental healthcare. The main barriers to access to mental healthcare for asylum seekers included a negative representation of psychiatry, fear of being stigmatized by their own community and poor information about existing psychiatric services. We found a good correlation between the needs reported by healthcare providers and those expressed by the asylum-seeking population in different studies. We discuss the need for greater mobility and accessibility to psychiatric services among this population.
Timing of nest vegetation measurement may obscure adaptive significance of nest-site characteristics: A simulation study

Advances in understanding avian nesting ecology are hindered by a prevalent lack of agreement between nest-site characteristics and fitness metrics such as nest success. We posit this is a result of inconsistent and improper timing of nest-site vegetation measurements. Therefore, we evaluated how the timing of nest vegetation measurement influences the estimated effects of vegetation structure on nest survival. We simulated phenological changes in nest-site vegetation growth over a typical nesting season and modeled how the timing of measuring that vegetation, relative to nest fate, creates bias in conclusions regarding its influence on nest survival. We modeled the bias associated with four methods of measuring nest-site vegetation: Method 1-measuring at nest initiation, Method 2-measuring at nest termination regardless of fate, Method 3-measuring at nest termination for successful nests and at estimated completion for unsuccessful nests, and Method 4-measuring at nest termination regardless of fate while also accounting for initiation date. We quantified and compared bias for each method for varying simulated effects, ranked models for each method using AIC, and calculated the proportion of simulations in which each model (measurement method) was selected as the best model. Our results indicate that the risk of drawing an erroneous or spurious conclusion was present in all methods but greater with Method 2 which is the most common method reported in the literature. Methods 1 and 3 were similarly less biased. Method 4 provided no additional value as bias was similar to Method 2 for all scenarios. While Method 1 is seldom practical to collect in the field, Method 3 is logistically practical and minimizes inherent bias. Implementation of Method 3 will facilitate estimating the effect of nest-site vegetation on survival, in the least biased way, and allow reliable conclusions to be drawn.