cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The correlation of two argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counting methods with bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index: A study of metastatic tumors of the brain

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is a thymidine analog that is incorporated into cellular DNA in the synthetic phase. The BrdU-labeling index (BLI) thus reflects the S-phase fraction. The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) are silver-stained granules that have been correlated with ploidy and/or S-phase fraction. Two AgNOR counting methods have been proposed to distinguish between ploidy and S-phase fraction: the mean AgNOR (mAgNOR) count (the mean number of AgNOR granules in 100 cells), which is believed to reflect ploidy, and the AgNOR proliferative index (pAgNOR) (the percentage of cells exhibiting five or more AgNOR granules per nucleus), which is believed to reflect S-phase fraction. To evaluate the latter hypothesis we studied 19 tumors metastatic to the brain in patients who had received preoperative low-dose BrdU injections. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the resected tumors were stained using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and a monoclonal antibody to BrdU. The BLI was determined by counting 1,000 tumor cells in each case; AgNOR silver staining was performed on sections of the same blocks studied for BLI. The correlation between pAgNOR counts and BLI was statistically significant (r = .649, P = .003). No statistically significant correlation could be obtained between mAgNOR counts and BLI (r = .421, P = .17). We conclude that the pAgNOR count can reliably reflect the proliferative activity of cells. The method can prove beneficial in situations in which cell kinetic analysis is needed and in which invasive procedures, such as BrdU injection, are not feasible or are contraindicated.
The maximum expected correlation between two multiple-choice tests

A formula is derived which gives the maximum expected correlation between two multiple-choice tests as a function of the distributions of proportions correct for the items in the two tests and the probability of chance success. The formula is similar to one derived by Carroll based on “true” item difficulties. A numerical example is provided.
A Perspective on DSN System Performance Analysis

This paper discusses the performance analysis effort being carried out in the NASA Deep Space Network. The activity involves root cause analysis of failures and assessment of key performance metrics. The root cause analysis helps pinpoint the true cause of observed problems so that proper correction can be effected. The assessment currently focuses on three aspects: (1) data delivery metrics such as Quantity, Quality, Continuity, and Latency; (2) link-performance metrics such as antenna pointing, system noise temperature, Doppler noise, frequency and time synchronization, wide-area-network loading, link-configuration setup time; and (3) reliability, maintainability, availability metrics. The analysis establishes whether the current system is meeting its specifications and if so, how much margin is available. The findings help identify the weak points in the system and direct attention of programmatic investment for performance improvement.
Another Foreign Language Skill: Analyzing Photographs.

A step-by-step method for the verbal analysis of still photographs in foreign language classes is explained in this article. The extensive analysis of an appropriate photograph and the carefully controlled syntactic manipulation of the material suggested by the picture lead to the improvement of the student's writing, speaking, listening, and even reading abilities. The photograph serves as a vehicle for the introduction of selected thinking skills (such as the differentiation of fact, inference, and fantasy) and impart a heightened awareness of the cultural aspects of the scene depicted as well as of the learner's own environment.
Urodynamic studies in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline.

Purpose: The authors of this guideline reviewed the literature regarding use of urodynamic testing in common lower urinary tract symptoms. The findings are intended to assist clinicians in the appropriate selection of urodynamic tests, following an evaluation and symptom characterization.Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE® and EMBASE databases (searched from 1/1/90 to 3/10/11) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed publications relevant to using urodynamic tests for diagnosis, determining prognosis, guiding clinical management decisions and improving patient outcomes in patients with various urologic conditions. The review yielded an evidence base of 393 studies after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. These publications were used to create the evidence basis for characterizing the statements presented in the guideline as Standards, Recommendations or Options. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence for a particular treatment was assign...
Local inhibition modulates odor-evoked synchronization of glomerulus-specific output neurons

At the first stage of olfactory processing in the brain, synchronous firing across glomeruli may help to temporally bind multiple and spatially distributed input streams activated by a given odor. This hypothesis, however, has never been tested in an organism in which the odor-tuning properties of several spatially identifiable glomeruli are known. Using the sphinx moth, an insect that meets these specific criteria, we recorded odor-evoked responses simultaneously from pairs of projection neurons (PNs) innervating the same or different glomeruli in the macroglomerular complex (MGC), which is involved in processing pheromonal information. PNs that branched in the same glomerulus and were activated by the same pheromone component also showed the strongest coincident responses to each odor pulse. Glomerulus-specific PN pairs were also inhibited by the pheromone component that selectively activated PNs in the neighboring glomerulus, and about 70% of all intraglomerular pairs showed increased synchronization when stimulated with a mixture of the two odorants. Thus, when two adjacent glomeruli receive their inputs simultaneously, the temporal tuning of output from each glomerulus is enhanced by reciprocal and inhibitory interglomerular interactions.
Comparative strengths of fresh water ice

Abstract In order to gain a quantitative comparison among the various mechanical properties of ice, a series of tests was performed on fresh water ice in which several of the mechanical properties were tested under identical experimental conditions. In particular, the tests were standardized with respect to ice growth conditions, ice type, grain size and orientation, sample size, test temperature and strain rate. The average results of the test were: flexural strength − cantilever beam = 770 ± 150 kPa; flexural strength − simple beam (top tension) = 2200 ± 320 kPa; flexural strength − simple beam (bottom tension) = 1770 ± 190 kPa; fracture toughness = 83 ± 7 kPa m 1 2 ; shear strength = 500 ± 220 kPa; compressive strength (horizontal loading) = 4400 ± 700 kPa and strain modulus − cantilever beam = 1.6 ± 0.4 GPa. Since most of the tests were performed using a portable compression test machine, the strength values can serve as baseline values for comparison with field results.
Radioisotopes and Poultry

(1965). Radioisotopes and Poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 238-261.
Parametric evaluation of large-scale high-temperature electrolysis hydrogen production using different advanced nuclear reactor heat sources

Abstract High-temperature electrolysis (HTE), when coupled to an advanced nuclear reactor capable of operating at reactor outlet temperatures of 800–950 °C, has the potential to efficiently produce the large quantities of hydrogen needed to meet future energy and transportation needs. To evaluate the potential benefits of nuclear-driven hydrogen production, the UniSim process analysis software was used to evaluate different reactor concepts coupled to a reference HTE process design concept. The reference HTE concept included an intermediate heat exchanger and intermediate helium loop to separate the reactor primary system from the HTE process loops and additional heat exchangers to transfer reactor heat from the intermediate loop to the HTE process loops. The two process loops consisted of the water/steam loop feeding the cathode side of a HTE electrolysis stack, and the sweep gas loop used to remove oxygen from the anode side. The UniSim model of the process loops included pumps to circulate the working fluids and heat exchangers to recover heat from the oxygen and hydrogen product streams to improve the overall hydrogen production efficiencies. The reference HTE process loop model was coupled to separate UniSim models developed for three different advanced reactor concepts (a high-temperature helium cooled reactor concept and two different supercritical CO2 reactor concepts). Sensitivity studies were then performed with the objective of evaluating the affect of reactor outlet temperature on the power cycle efficiency and overall hydrogen production efficiency of the integrated plant design for each of the reactor power cycles. The results of these sensitivity studies showed that overall power cycle and hydrogen production efficiencies increased with reactor outlet temperature, but the power cycles producing the highest efficiencies varied depending on the temperature range considered.
Selective Enrichment and Analysis of Acidic Peptides and Proteins Using Polymeric Reverse Micelles and MALDI-MS

The typical difficulties associated with the detection of acidic peptides (i.e., those with low isoelectric points (pI)) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) represent a challenge in some proteomic analyses. Here, reverse micelle-forming amphiphilic homopolymers with positively charged interiors are synthesized and used to selectively enrich low pI peptides from complex mixtures for MALDI-MS detection. When using these polymers, acidic proteolytic peptides that are undetectable during normal MALDI-MS analysis are selectively detected. We show that enrichment of these low pI peptides allows acidic proteins to be selectively targeted for detection in multiprotein digests. In addition, the presence of the positively charged polymers during MALDI-MS analyses enhances peptide ion signals by almost an order of magnitude, thereby achieving reproducible ion signals for acidic peptides at concentrations as low as 100 fM. Concurrent detection of acidic and basic peptides was also facilitated by utilizing a sequential extraction process involving reverse micelle forming polymers with positively and negatively charged interiors.
Governmental regulations and radiation exposure

Background The use of radiation for medical purposes falls under the purview of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and individual states. Enhanced regulations are in place to promote the right exam for the right reason at the right time for every patient exposed to medical x-rays. Methods The February 2010 FDA initiative to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure from fluoroscopy, CT, and nuclear medicine studies is reviewed along with regulations currently in place. Results Facilities granting privileges to physicians performing fluoroscopic procedures need to ensure appropriate education so they can assess individual patient risk and benefit on a case-by-case basis. These are guidelines with individual states controlling requirements. Conclusion Regulation of education, training, and credentialing for physician operators of fluoroscopic equipment is currently controlled by individual states and is not uniform. There are strong indications that the FDA and or the Joint Commission will become increasingly involved to increase documentation of patient exposure and safety.
Cerebellum implicated in sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control

Recent evidence that the cerebellum is involved in perception and cognition challenges the prevailing view that its primary function is fine motor control. A new alternative hypothesis is that the lateral cerebellum is not activated by the control of movement per se, but is strongly engaged during the acquisition and discrimination of sensory information. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lateral cerebellar output (dentate) nucleus during passive and active sensory tasks confirmed this hypothesis. These findings suggest that the lateral cerebellum may be active during motor, perceptual, and cognitive performances specifically because of the requirement to process sensory data.
"You Have Been Very Thoughtful Today": The Significance of Gratitude and Reciprocity in Missionary-Hawaiian Gift Exchange

In October 1819 the first company of American missionaries set sail for the Hawaiian Islands with the express intent of converting its inhabitants to Christianity. The missionaries earnestly believed that they might provide Hawaiian Islanders with the dual gifts of civilization and salvation and were eager to set about the work of bestowing them. Missionaries were surprised to discover that Hawaiians had gifts of their own to bestow, interrupting the missionary agenda almost from the moment of their arrival. Exploring the unspoken and often symbolic language of gifts, this article offers a re-examination of early Hawaiian-missionary contact to argue that Hawaiian and missionary women——who situated themselves at the very center of the exchange of things——were powerful figures in this missionary and colonial drama.
Analysis for an underground heat exchanger for poultry buildings

An analysis for an earth-tube counterflow heat exchanger for poultry is discussed. This heat exchanger allows the ground as well as the waste heat in the exhaust air to be used to heat intake air during periods of low ambient temperature. Thus, a substantial savings in the cost of heating poultry houses can be realized. Two limiting boundary conditions are considered: case 1, insulation of the heat tube from the earth and Case 2, perfect earth contact. With Case 1, intake air is heated via exhaust air only. Case 2 includes heating the intake air from both the exhaust air and the earth. The study shows that as much as 50% of the total energy required for the house can be recovered from the exhaust air alone (Case 1). If the effect of the soil is considered in addition (Case 2) as much as 67% of the total energy required by the house can be provided by this heat exchanger. The effectiveness of the heat exchanger for Case 2 was shown to be as high as 0·65.
Networks of Interorganizational Relations

Network analysis has been used extensively in the study of interorganizational relations. This article reviews the literature over the past fifteen years and organizes it into three theoretical traditions: the resource dependence model, the social class framework, and the institutional model. It is shown that network methods have enabled researchers to describe phenomena, such as interorganizational fields, that were previously inaccessible. It is also shown how social networks help to explain the formation of interorganizational ties and how interorganizational relations, conceptualized as social networks, can explain organizational power as well as the strategies decision makers pursue.
Dishabituation of visual attention by infant- versus adult-directed speech: effects of frequency modulation and spectral composition

Dishabituation of visual attention by infant- and adult-directed (ID and AD) speech was investigated in four experiments. Four-month-olds received 12 10-s presentations of a checkerboard pattern with a speech segment compounded only on the ninth trial. Recovery of visual attention was observed on the compound trial in response to both ID and AD speech, but only ID speech dishabituated visual attention during the following pattern-alone retest (a Thompson-Spencer dishabituation effect, observed in the first two experiments). Synthetic analogs of these speech segments' fundamental frequencies (Fos) elicited equivalent increases in attention on the compound trial, but neither elicited Thompson-Spencer dishabituation (Experiment 3). A synthetic version of the intact ID signal elicited Thompson-Spencer dishabituation, but synthetic stimuli simulating the F0 only, the F0 plus the first harmonic above the F0, and the harmonics only did not (Experiment 4). These data have implications for the acoustic characteristics of ID speech that increase infant attention and arousal.
ESR spectra and structure of the n-butane and n-hexane radical cations

Abstract Well-resolved ESR spectra of the n -butane and n -hexane radical cations have been generated, each spectrum showing a 1:2:1 triplet and a detailed substructure. The results are interpreted in terms of an a g singly occupied MO ( σ C—C, δC–H ax ) which is delocalized over the extended carbon chain (C 2h symmetry) and two axial hydrogens.
High body mass index and smoking predict morbidity in breast cancer surgery: a multivariate analysis of 26,988 patients from the national surgical quality improvement program database.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of complications of breast cancer surgery in a multi-institutional, prospective, validated database and to identify preoperative risk factors that predispose to these complications.Background:There is an increased emphasis on clinical
Lifting of GFRP Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Panels

AbstractThe Beaver Creek Bridge on U.S. Highway 6 is a single-span bridge and a pilot project for glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) precast bridge decks in Utah using accelerated bridge construction (ABC). The Utah Department of Transportation decided to evaluate GFRP bars as an alternative to steel bars for reinforcing the bridge deck. The precast concrete panels were 12.62-m long, 2.08-m wide, and 235-mm thick and were reinforced entirely with GFRP bars. The bridge deck panels were lifted from the underside at four points using steel cables inside steel tubes or nylon straps instead of embedded steel anchors. Two of the 24 panels used to construct the bridge deck were instrumented with strain gauges. Experimental strain measurements showed that the panels exhibited acceptable levels of strain that were below concrete cracking limits. By comparison, similar laboratory panels with identical thickness and reinforcement that were lifted with four embedded anchors from the panel top experienced cracks on...
Mechanistic studies on Ni(dppe)Cl2-catalyzed chain-growth polymerizations: Evidence for rate-determining reductive elimination

The mechanisms for Ni(dppe)Cl2-catalyzed chain-growth polymerization of 4-bromo-2,5-bis(hexyloxy)phenylmagnesium chloride and 5-bromo-4-hexylthiophen-2-ylmagnesium chloride were investigated. Rate studies utilizing IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography revealed that both polymerizations exhibit a first-order dependence on the catalyst concentration but a zeroth-order dependence on the monomer concentration. 31P NMR spectroscopic studies of the reactive organometallic intermediates suggest that the resting states are unsymmetrical NiII−biaryl and NiII−bithiophene complexes. In combination, the data implicate reductive elimination as the rate-determining step for both monomers. Additionally, LiCl was found to have no effect on the rate-determining step or molecular weight distribution in the arene polymerization.
Novel clustering of Sp1 transcription factor binding sites at the transcription initiation site of the human muscle phosphofructokinase P1 promoter.

Abstract The regulatory sequence elements of the human muscle phosphofructokinase (HPFKM) p1 promoter from -655 to +78 were cloned and characterized. In the human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa S3, the HPFKM type C RNA initiated from a single predominant transcription initiation site and the HPFKM p1 promoter displayed transcriptional activity in transient transfection assays. The HPFKM p1 promoter region was shown to possess eight binding sites for the Sp1 transcription factor by DNase I footprinting and gel retardation analysis. The functional importance of these interactions was examined by transient transfection analysis in Drosophila SL2 and HeLa S3 cells. This analysis demonstrated that the HPFKM p1 promoter sequence between +12 and +78 retained Sp1-dependent transcriptional activity in Drosophila SL2 cells and retained promoter activity in HeLa S3 cells. These results suggest that the Sp1 binding site (site 8 between +12 and +21) immediately adjacent to the transcription initiation site represents an important regulatory element of this promoter at least in the context of the minimal HPFKM p1 promoter. However mutagenesis of the Sp1 site 8 demonstrated that, in the context of a larger HPFKM p1 promoter region containing Sp1 sites 1 to 7, it now contributed very little to the total promoter activity. Therefore it appears the Sp1 sites in the HPFKM p1 promoter display functional redundancy.
Inverse square-root dependence of mid-ocean-ridge flank roughness on spreading rate

THE topographic roughness of mid-ocean-ridge flanks is known to increase with decreasing spreading rate1–4, but the exact form of this relationship has not been established. As the topographic features that make up ridge flank roughness (abyssal hills) are created near the axes of mid-ocean ridges by faulting and volcan-ism5–7, the relationship between roughness and spreading rate may shed light on the process of crustal accretion at spreading centres. Here I present measurements of ridge flank roughness on profiles crossing the world mid-ocean-ridge system, which show that roughness is proportional to the inverse square-root of the spreading rate. This result is consistent with some very simple inferences of how the topographic roughness of mid-ocean-ridge flanks scales with the lithospheric thickness near ridge axes, as determined by thermal models.
Survival after liver transplantation in patients who develop renal insufficiency.

Abstract Background Renal insufficiency (RI) after liver transplantation (OLT) is associated with worse outcomes but the actual survival after RI ensues is not well described. We examined the survival of OLT recipients who developed moderate or severe RI or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), seeking to identify variables associated with these outcomes. Methods Between 1993 and 2007, 731 patients underwent OLT. After excluding patients undergoing retransplantation, combined kidney-liver grafts, and those who died within 1 year, we had a cohort of 527 subjects whose basic demographic data were obtained. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated (by MDRD4–Modification of Diet in Renal Disease 4–formula) at 3-month intervals in the first year and then at 6-month intervals. Moderate RI was defined as a GFR Results Among 527 patients, 251 developed moderate (47.6%) and 40 (7.6%) severe RI as well as 40 (7.6%) with ESRD. Once RI ensued, the 5-year survivals for patients with moderate RI, severe RI or ESRD were 84.0%, 67.7%, and 48.5%, respectively. Five-year survival, for patients receiving a renal transplant was 100%. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the only variables associated with time to death for patients with any RI were higher age at transplant (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, P = .02), higher creatinine at transplant (HR = 1.25, P = .01), pretransplant diabetes (HR = 2.34, P = .008), and transplantation in the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) era (HR = 0.15, P = .002). Conclusion Development of severe RI or ESRD correlated with diminished survival. For patients with RI, age and creatinine at transplant, pretransplant diabetes, and transplantation in the pre-MELD era were associated with lower survival rates. Five-year survival for dialysis patients was somewhat higher than that previously reported but worse than that of subjects treated by renal transplantation.
A new laser concept for isotopically selective analysis of noble gases

A new laser approach for the isotopically selective analysis of noble gases is presented. This approach uses noble gas atoms prepared in the 1s 5 metastable state. Hyperfine levels in the 1s 5 and 2p 9 states form two-level systems in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe which can be excited by a commercially available single-frequency laser system. Absorption of photons from such a laser, and the resulting momentum transfer, can be used to selectively deflect the desired isotope from a supersonic atomic beam into a detection area. Light from the same laser can then be used to selectively count atoms of the desired isotope using the photon-burst technique. Thus, enrichment and selective detection are accomplished with a single laser in a single pass through the apparatus. The problem of analyzing for85Kr in a sample of noble gases extracted from the air is examined in detail. This is a stringent test of the selectivity of this approach because85Kr has the same nuclear spin, and thus similar hyperfine splittings, as naturally occurring83Kr. Calculations indicate that isotopic selectivity of the new approach is easily adequate to resolve85Kr in a 1010 excess of83Kr.
Tumor-induced angiogenesis: lack of inhibition by irradiation.

The effect of irradiation of tumors on their ability to induce vascular responses (angiogenesis) was studied. Rat Walker carcino-sarcoma 256, rabbit V2 carcinoma, mouse (C57Bl) melanoma and mouse (129) teratoma (OTT 6050, 100K) were irradiated with up to 5000R, then grafted either to the chicken chorioallantoic membrane or intracorneally into adult rabbits to assess competence to provoke angiogenesis. For all tumors and both assay systems the results were similar: irradiation did not interfere with tumor-induced vascular responses.
Community Health Workers and Primary Health Care in Honduras

Community participation and utilization of community health workers (CHWs) are essential components of the primary health care model. The success of CHWs is dependent on their training and subsequent community support. Community-prepared nurses are ideal CHW educators. A training program for CHWs was implemented in Honduras emphasizing the principles of adult learning and problem-based learning. Following a 4-month program of training a primary health care clinic was opened and managed by CHWs for a population over 10,000. Approximately 80% of local health problems were managed by the CHWs proving that well-trained CHWs can have a significant impact on the delivery of health care.
Cell cycle-dependent regulation of thymidine kinase activity introduced into mouse LMTK- cells by DNA and chromatin-mediated gene transfer.

Abstract We report on the expression of thymidine kinase (tk) activity in synchronized populations of mouse cells that have been transformed to the tk+ phenotype with purified DNA from various sources or with metaphase chromosomes from human cells. The viral (herpes) tk gene is constitutively expressed but, in all other cases examined, the activity is regulated as in normal tk+ mouse cells: There is a dramatic increase at the beginning of the S-phase. This regulation is observed whether the transgenome is stably integrated into the host genome or whether it is still in an unstable nonintegrated state.
Beneath the master narrative: human trafficking, myths of sexual slavery and ethnographic realities

This paper explores the disconnections between anti-trafficking discourse and the local experience of responding to human trafficking as indicated in ethnographic data from Bosnia and Kazakhstan. Using the concept of “uptake,” I examine how anti-trafficking discourse operates as a master narrative, drawing on techniques of emotion and logic, as well as a specific type of victim story. I also consider how, despite an emerging counter discourse that questions the data and challenges current policy, human trafficking discourse continues to be retold in media and reproduced in popular culture, often in ways that actually diverge from the current version of the grand narrative. In contrast to these uncritical representations, ethnographic data from Bosnia suggest that the master narrative is selective in how it represents the history of the problem and that it does not “take up” important details about the context that fosters sexual exploitation, despite Bosnia’s compliance with US policy. Conversely, Kazakhstan suffers a liminal status regardless of local efforts to prevent the problem from happening within its borders as well as evidence that the crime is not widespread. While perhaps not mythical, I suggest that the master narrative contains the stuff of legend as it occupies the critical spaces of policy, activism and development, leaving open the question of how to address the nuances and needs of responding to victims of gender violence.
Comparison of three mixing devices in earthen culture ponds of four different surface areas

Abstract Mechanical mixing of culture ponds with low-powered devices can conserve photosynthetically-produced dissolved oxygen, and so reduce the need for more expensive aeration. This work aimed to test inexpensive, easily obtained devices and to establish the utility of quantifying stratification and mixing processes in power units to facilitate comparisons and projection of requirements to new situations. Three mixing devices of power consumption less than 0·25 hp (63·5–173·6 W) were compared in tropical earthen ponds of surface areas ranging from 200 to 1400 m 2 . Mixers were operated during the time of maximum stratification in control ponds (13:00–16:00 h), to standardize test conditions. Performance was assessed as reduction in a pond's stratification energy ( SE ), contained in the uneven vertical distribution of mass. Neighboring unmixed ponds showed very similar diel cycles of SE ; unmixed ponds also showed similar patterns on successive days, but varied more than neighboring ponds assessed simultaneously. The mixing device of greatest power consumption, a fan-blade aerator-mixer (AM) operated below water surface, reduced stratification energy more quickly than a submersible impeller pump (SP) and an air-life (AL). The AM and AL were more efficient than the SP, but all were of low efficiency (less than 0·1%). Efficiencies were related to pond size, with perimeter/area ratio being significant but surface/volume not so. Mixing effects propagated rapidly horizontally. The AM applied sufficient power to exceed the observed daytime rate of increase in stratification energy, i.e. to prevent stratification, in ponds of all sizes except the largest. The AL and SP did not apply power at sufficient rates, and the AM would have been inadequate at other times. It is not necessary. however, to prevent stratification completely for all mixing applications.
A test of the continuity perspective across bulimic and binge eating pathology.

Objective This article examines the continuity/discontinuity perspective of eating pathology among 375 women seeking treatment. Methods Participants were categorized into five separate groups: obese nonbingers, subthreshold binge eating disorder (BED), BED, subthreshold bulimics, and bulimics. We tested whether differences in core eating pathology (drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, current body image, body image ideal) and psychiatric symptoms (depression, interoceptive awareness) differentiated the groups quantitatively (supporting the continuity perspective) or qualitatively (supporting the discontinuity perspective). Results Our results, overall, supported the continuity perspective of eating pathology. A discriminant function analysis using the eating pathology and psychiatric symptom variables as predictor variables found that one primary factor differentiated the five groups on both core eating pathology and psychiatric variables. Discussion The implications of testing this model within a treatment-seeking sample are discussed. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: 83–97, 2003.
Glutathione-triggered release of model drug molecules from mesoporous silica nanoparticles via a non-redox process

Model drug-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that are responsive to the pH rather than the redox changes normally related to glutathione (GSH) are prepared using surfactant-free MSNs as precursor. The nanoparticles are successfully shown to serve as GSH-triggered release vehicles for the guest molecules. Unlike the generally known GSH-based redox-triggered drug release action, a non-redox, ionic process associated with GSH and GSH-induced pH change enables the MSNs to release their guest molecules.
Delivery Management Effort Allocation Using Learning-Based Profit Estimation

This manuscript presents a new approach for estimating project's profit based on available data from the same project's past as well as the past available data from all other projects in the same class. We build a statistical model that allows such inference in spite of known erratic financial behavior of services projects. Then, using the estimated profit along with its confidence margin, we propose a strategy for future allocation of project management effort to different projects.
Growth, copper-tolerant cells, and extracellular protein production in copper-stressed chemostat cultures of Vibrio alginolyticus

The influence of elevated copper concentrations on cell numbers and extracellular protein production was investigated in chemostat cultures of Vibrio alginolyticus. High (20 microM) copper in the medium reservoir resulted in a dramatic drop in cell numbers which was overcome with time. The copper-stressed cultures established a new equilibrium cell concentration slightly (ca. 20%) lower than control cultures. Copper-stressed chemostat populations contained an increased number of copper-resistant cells, but these averaged only 26% of the copper-adapted population. Previously copper-stressed populations exhibited resistance to a second challenge with copper. Proteins with properties identical to those of copper-induced, copper-binding proteins (CuBPs) observed in batch cultures of V. alginolyticus were observed in the supernatants of copper-stressed chemostat cultures and not in controls. CuBPs from batch and chemostat cultures were identical in terms of their induction by copper, molecular weight, and retention volumes on both immobilized copper ion-affinity chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns. The concentration of CuBP in the chemostat was dependent on copper concentration in the medium reservoir. Either one or two forms of CuBP were observed in various analyses from both batch and chemostat cultures. Gel-to-gel variability was implicated as a factor determining whether one or two forms were resolved in a given analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Matrix‐free infrared soft laser desorption/ionization

Infrared soft laser desorption/ionization was performed using a 2.94 µm Er:YAG laser and a commercial reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The instrument was modified so that a 337 nm nitrogen laser could be used concurrently with the IR laser to interrogate samples. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), laser desorption/ionization and desorption/ionization on silicon with UV and IR lasers were compared. Various target materials were tested for IR soft desorption ionization, including stainless steel, aluminum, copper, silicon, porous silicon and polyethylene. Silicon surfaces gave the best performance in terms of signal level and low-mass interference. The internal energy resultant of the desorption/ionization was assessed using the easily fragmented vitamin B12 molecule. IR ionization produced more analyte fragmentation than UV-MALDI analysis. Fragmentation from matrix-free IR desorption from silicon was comparable to that from IR-MALDI. The results are interpreted as soft laser desorptionandionizationresultingfromtheabsorptionoftheIRlaserenergybytheanalyteandassociated solvent molecules. Copyright  2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared spectroscopy at high pressures: polarized spectra of single crystals of acetonitrile.

Single crystals of three polymorphs of acetonitrile and acetonitrile-d3 have been grown under pressure in a diamond anvil cell. While still under pressure polarized mid-infrared spectra of these three single crystals have been obtained. In addition, low temperature far-infrared spectra have been recorded for polycrystals of two of the polymorphs. These data have been used to predict likely crystal structures for the three crystalline phases.
Bellman equation with integro-differential operators

Existence and regularity results are obtained for Bellman equation with integro-differential operators, corresponding to the stochastic control of diffusion processes with jumps.
Robotic acoustic seam tracking: system development and application

The description of an ultrasonic-based seam-tracking robotic system that guides a nonwelding torch along different welding grooves is presented. A 100 kHz airborne transducer is used to inspect the workpiece ahead of a welding torch and measures the joint orientation and lateral deviation caused by curvature or discontinuities in the joint part. Data pertaining to the joint orientation and lateral deviation (echo pulse amplitude and time of flight) are obtained periodically by sampling equi-spaced points along the joint as the torch advances. A trajectory-generating algorithm uses this data to calculate the x, y, theta coordinates of the torch-tip trajectory needed to meet the tracking requirements. The experimental results from a feasibility study conducted to determine if this system could be used for tracking during live welding are also presented. >
Capacity Analysis of Correlated Multiple Antenna Systems With Finite Rate Feedback

We consider in this paper the analysis of transmit beamforming methods in multiple antenna systems over correlated fading channels and with finite rate feedback of the channel state information. The problem is formulated as a general vector quantization problem with encoder side information, constrained quantization space and non-mean-square distortion function. By utilizing the high-resolution distortion analysis of the generalized quantizer, which is applicable to a wide range of scenarios, we obtain a tight lower bound on the capacity loss of the finite rate quantized MISO system over correlated fading channels. The lower bound of the capacity loss of correlated MISO channels is a generalization of existing results available for i.i.d. channels. The bound, in addition to providing insight into the exact nature of dependence of the quantization loss on the channel correlation matrix, indicates that the loss is less than that of the i.i.d. channels but with the same exponential decaying factor w.r.t. the feedback rate. The generality of the framework is further demonstrated by considering its application to the analysis of suboptimal mismatched channel quantizers, i.e. quantizers designed with an incorrect channel covariance matrix, and comparing it to systems with optimal quantizers. Finally, numerical and simulation results of the finite rate quantized MISO beamforming system with codebook designed by the Lloyd algorithm are presented that confirm the accuracy of the obtained analytical results.
Juvenile rank can predict male-typical adult mating behavior in female sheep treated prenatally with testosterone.

Previous research with female sheep indicates that exposure to excess testosterone for 60 days (from Gestational Days 30–90 of the 147-day gestation) leads to virilized genitalia, severe neuroendocrine deficits, as well as masculinization and defeminization of sexual behavior (T60 females). In contrast, 30 days of testosterone exposure (Gestational Days 60–90) produce animals with female-typical genitalia, less severe neuroendocrine alterations, and variable gender patterns of sexual behavior (T30 females). Variation in adult sexual behavior of male ungulates is influenced by early social experience, but this has never been tested in females. Here we investigate the influence of rank in the dominance hierarchy on the expression of adult sexual behavior in females. Specifically, we hypothesized that juvenile rank would predict the amount of male- and female-typical mating behavior exhibited by adult female sheep. This hypothesis was tested in two treatment groups and their controls (group 1: T60 females; group 2: T30 females). Dominance hierarchies were determined by observing competition over resources. Both groups of prenatal testosteronetreated females were higher ranking than controls (T60: P = 0.05; T30: P , 0.01). During the breeding season, both T60 and T30 females exhibited more male-typical mating behavior than did controls; however, the T30 animals also exhibited femaletypical behavior. For the T60 group, prenatal treatment, not juvenile rank, best predicted male-typical sex behavior (P = 0.007), while juvenile rank better predicted male mating behavior for the T30 group (P = 0.006). Rank did not predict female mating behavior in the hormone-treated or control ewes. We conclude that the effect of prenatal testosterone exposure on adult male-specific but not female-specific mating behavior is modulated by juvenile social experiences. behavior, copulation displacement, early development, female sexual function, hierarchy, male sexual function, rank, testosterone
Implementing studio-based learning in CS2

This paper presents an experience in designing, implementing, and evaluating a studio-based learning model for CS2. Adapted from architecture and art education, as well as from collaborative problem-solving pedagogies, studio-based learning has shown great promise for computing education. Key elements of studio-based learning include exploring multiple solutions to a problem, justifying the choice of one solution, and being subject to, as well as providing, peer reviews. We describe the design, implementation, and revision of a studio model for CS2, and then present the results of an evaluation of the model when compared to traditional instruction in CS2.
Factors associated with increased resource utilization for congenital heart disease.

Objective. To identify patient, institu- tional, and regional factors that are associated with high resource utilization for congenital heart surgery. Methods. We used hospital discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) year 2000 (data from 27 states). Patients who had congenital heart surgery and were younger than 18 years were identified using Interna- tional Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. High resource utilization admissions were defined as those in the highest decile for total hospital charges. Univariate and multivariate analyses with and without deaths were used to determine demo- graphic and hospital predictors for cases of high resource use. Case-mix severity was approximated using Risk Ad- justment for Congenital Heart Surgery risk groups. Re- gional and state differences were also examined. Results. Among 10 569 cases of congenital heart sur- gery identified, median total hospital charges were $53 828. Statewide differences in the number of high resource use admissions were present; California, Colo- rado, Florida, Hawaii, Pennsylvania, and Texas were more likely to have high resource use cases, and Maine and South Carolina were less likely. Subsequent analy- ses were performed adjusting for baseline state effects. Multivariate analyses using generalized estimating equa- tions models revealed Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery risk category (odds ratio (OR): 1.66-14.1), age (OR: 3.81), prematurity (OR: 4.85), the presence of other major noncardiac structural anomalies (OR: 2.53), Medicaid insurance (OR: 1.48), and admission during a weekend (OR: 1.62) to be independent predictors of a higher odds of high cost cases. Although some institu- tional differences were noted in univariate analyses, gen- der, race, bed size, teaching and children's hospital sta- tus, hospital ownership, and hospital volume of cardiac cases were not independently associated with greater odds of high resource utilization. Conclusions. States varied in the frequency of high resource utilization for congenital heart surgery. Patients who had greater disease complexity, younger age, prema- turity, other anomalies, and Medicaid and were admitted during a weekend were more likely to result in high resource utilization. Institutions of various types did not differ in high cost admissions, regardless of children's hospital or teaching status. Pediatrics 2005;116:689-695;
Clinical and radiographic indications for aortography in blunt chest trauma.

Abstract To determine which clinical and radiographic findings are valuable in selecting patients with blunt chest trauma for aortography, we analyzed the medical records and admission chest radiographs of 76 consecutive victims of blunt chest trauma with suspected thoracic aortic rupture during the past 7 years. All patients were evaluated by history, physical examination, chest radiography, and aortography; a total of 70 clinical and radiographic findings were independently assessed in each patient. The following occurred with significantly greater frequency in patients with thoracic aortic rupture than in those without: history of significant hypotension (mean arterial pressure less than 80 mm Hg) (p
A comparison of intravascular pressure monitoring system contamination and patient bacteremia with use of 48- and 72-hour system change intervals☆

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of culture positivity in intravascular monitoring systems by comparing 48 versus 72-hour intervals for flush solution, stopcocks and catheters on removal DESIGN: Prospective, quasi-experimental, random assignment. SETTING: Intensive care units of a midwestern university medical center and a community hospital. PATIENTS: Seventy-six critically ill adult patients, ranging in age from 24 to 96 years (X = 61.6), requiring arterial or pulmonary artery catheters. OUTCOME MEASURE: Culture positivity of flush solution, stopcocks, or catheter tips. INTERVENTION: Data collection was initiated at designated change intervals of 48-or 72-hours; cultures were taken of flush solution and stopcocks; catheter tip cultures were obtained on catheter removal. RESULTS: Chi-square analyses indicated that increasing the change interval to 72 hours resulted in no significant difference in culture positivity of catheter tips. However, the difference between the 48-and 72-hour groups in culture positivity rates of stopcocks from arterial catheters was significant (N = 82) = 6.86 p less than 0.01 CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that increasing the change interval to 72 hours did not increase the risk of catheter-associated infection or catheter-associated bacteremia Chi-square analysis did not show an association between culture-positive stopcocks the incidence of culture-positive catheter tips entries into the system or catheter-related bacteremia and a change interval that was increased to 72 hours. Thus, increasing the change interval to 72 hours does not increase the risk of infection.
Why Cartesian Ideas of Sense are Innate

Etude de la conception inneiste des idees sensibles definie par Descartes a partir d'une approche causale et occassionnelle de la relation entre la perception et l'esprit. Defendant une approche non-empirique de la relation de ressemblance entre les idees et les mouvements du corps, l'A. montre que les «Commentaires», le «Dioptique » et la sixieme «Meditation» presente une theorie coherente du contenu sensible des idees.
Pyramidal horns. II. A novel design method for horns of any desired gain and aperture phase error

For pt.I see ibid., p.1435 (1989). The authors present a novel numerical method for determining the exact pyramidal horn dimensions for any desired gain. It utilizes exact relationships to yield the required aperture dimensions and horn length, given an operating frequency, waveguide dimensions, and allowable quadratic phase errors in the aperture. The proposed technique has been validated both analytically and experimentally, and should prove very useful for microwave antenna designers. >