cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of retinal phospholipids: incorporation of radioactivity from labeled phosphorylcholine and cytidine diphosphate choline.

Phosphorylcholine-1,2-14C and choline-1,2-14C-labeled cytidine diphosphate choline are incorporated into lecithin by whole homogenates and particulate fractions of rat retina with optimal incorporation of label by the microsomal fraction. The soluble fraction contains a factor(s) which stimulates incorporation of label with release of inorganic phosphate. Mg++ is required for optimal incorporation of intermediates into lecithin in the presence of added diglycerides; without added diglycerides, incorporation of phosphorylcholine or cytidine diphosphate choline was moderately stimulated by preincubating the system in the absence of Mg++ with added phosphatidic acid and by adding this mixture to fresh enzyme and the complete incubation mixture (including Mg++). The results show that the retina is capable of de novo synthesis of phosphatides and suggest that the rod outer segments depend on the pigment epithelium and(or) the inner rod segments for a source of phospholipids. Coenzyme A and ATP added to whole homogenate of retina did not significantly increase the incorporation of CDP-choline-1,2-14C into lecithin but slightly increased the radioactivity found in lysolecithin and sphingomyelin. Rats with hereditary retinitis pigmentosa have an abnormally high lipid phosphorus content of the retina, but they do not incorporate labeled CDP-choline into lecithin of retina at a higher rate than do normal animals.
New Hilbert Spaces from Old

It is a cliche that Hilbert spaces are often useful in connection with problems whose initial formulations do not mention them. A familiar case in point is the classical moment problem [3]. It is also a cliche that, in attacking problems about Hilbert spaces and Hilbert space operators, one is often led to construct new Hilbert spaces. Occasionally, one of these new Hilbert spaces originally lies hidden, lurking in the shadows, and, once revealed, makes possible an unexpectedly elegant solution.
Evaluation of nitrous acid sources and sinks in urban outflow

Abstract Intensive air quality measurements made from June 22–25, 2011 in the outflow of the Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) metropolitan area are used to evaluate nitrous acid (HONO) sources and sinks. A two-layer box model was developed to assess the ability of established and recently identified HONO sources and sinks to reproduce observations of HONO mixing ratios. A baseline model scenario includes sources and sinks established in the literature and is compared to scenarios including three recently identified sources: volatile organic compound-mediated conversion of nitric acid to HONO (S1), biotic emission from the ground (S2), and re-emission from a surface nitrite reservoir (S3). For all mechanisms, ranges of parametric values span lower- and upper-limit values. Model outcomes for ‘likely’ estimates of sources and sinks generally show under-prediction of HONO observations, implying the need to evaluate additional sources and variability in estimates of parameterizations, particularly during daylight hours. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to model scenarios constructed with sources S1–S3 added independently and in combination, generally showing improved model outcomes. Adding sources S2 and S3 (scenario S2/S3) appears to best replicate observed HONO, as determined by the model coefficient of determination and residual sum of squared errors (r2 = 0.55 ± 0.03, SSE = 4.6 × 106 ± 7.6 × 105 ppt2). In scenario S2/S3, source S2 is shown to account for 25% and 6.7% of the nighttime and daytime budget, respectively, while source S3 accounts for 19% and 11% of the nighttime and daytime budget, respectively. However, despite improved model fit, there remains significant underestimation of daytime HONO; on average, a 0.15 ppt/s unknown daytime HONO source, or 67% of the total daytime source, is needed to bring scenario S2/S3 into agreement with observation. Estimates of ‘best fit’ parameterizations across lower to upper-limit values results in a moderate reduction of the unknown daytime source, from 0.15 to 0.10 ppt/s.
Pion production from beryllium at 3 degrees by 12.3-gev/c protons

We have measured absolute positive- and negative-pion production cross sections from a thin beryllium target using a single-arm magnetic spectrometer. The scintillation counters were arranged in such a way that the solid angle of the system could be reliably calculated. Secondary beam intensities in the 1.0- to $5.0\ensuremath{-}\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ range can be calculated from these absolute cross sections. In addition, the well-known excess of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ over ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ production in the forward direction above $1.0 \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ is confirmed.
Cloud Computing Threats and Provider Security Assessment

Cloud computing is an emerging technological paradigm that offers on-demand, scalable, resources and IT-based solutions without the need to invest in new infrastructure or train new personnel. Cloud computing has faced scrutiny regarding security risks involved with allowing sensitive data to be controlled and handled by third-party, off-site vendors. Many businesses with interest in using cloud services do not have a process to assess cloud providers security. In this paper we categorize cloud computing threats into external threats, guest-to-guest threats and cloud-to-guest threats; discuss the new version of the Consensus Assessments Initiative Questionnaire that was developed by the Cloud Security Alliance; propose a Fuzzy Likert Provider Security Measurement prototype that uses fuzzy logic, Likert scales and decision making technologies to assess the cloud service providers' security.
A Low-Order Contrail Model for use with Global-Scale Climate Models

are incorporated in the model. We also show some examples of the application of this model and compare them to other computational contrail studies.
Photochemical reactivity of the iron(III) complex of a mixed-donor, α-hydroxy acid-containing chelate and its biological relevance to photoactive marine siderophores.

The trimeric clusters [Fe(III)3(X-Sal-AHA)3(μ3-OCH3)]−, where X-Sal-AHA is a tetradentate chelate incorporating an α-hydroxy acid moiety (AHA) and a salicylidene moiety (X-Sal with X being 5-NO2, 3,5-diCl, all-H, 3-OCH3, or 3,5-di-t-Bu substituents on the phenolate ring), undergo a photochemical reaction resulting in reduction of two Fe(III) to Fe(II) for each AHA group that is oxidatively cleaved. However, photolysis of structurally analogous mixed Fe/Ga clusters demonstrate that a similar photolysis reaction will occur with only a single Fe(III) in the cluster. Quantum yields of iron reduction for the series of [Fe(III)3(X-Sal-AHA)3(μ3-OCH3)]− complexes measured by monitoring Fe(II) production are twice those for ligand oxidation, measured by loss of the CD signal for the complex due to cleavage of the chiral AHA group. These moderate quantum yields, around 1–2% in the UVA and UVB range, are higher for complexes with electron-withdrawing X groups than for electron-donating X groups. The observed final p...
Effects of synthetic single- and multistranded polynucleotides on human monocyte IgG receptor activity in vitro.

SummaryHuman peripheral monocytes demonstrated a higher IgG receptor activity in vitro after incubation with multistranded polynucleotides (poly(I:C) and poly(I:C:U)) after 6-hr cultivation periods. These changes were most pronounced using SRBC coated with low anti-Forssman antibody concentrations (EA, 1:1600 and 1:6400). Polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids failed to show changes in receptor activity. These findings suggest monocyte activation in vitro by multistranded polynucleotides and may in part explain their antitumor activity.This research was supported in part by the National Insititutes of Health USPHS Grant No. AI-12478-02 and the National Leukemia Association, Inc., and in part by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Strong correlation in acene sheets from the active-space variational two-electron reduced density matrix method: effects of symmetry and size.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic molecules with importance in several branches of science, including medicine, combustion chemistry, and materials science. The delocalized π-orbital systems in PAHs require highly accurate electronic structure methods to capture strong electron correlation. Treating correlation in PAHs has been challenging because (i) traditional wave function methods for strong correlation have not been applicable since they scale exponentially in the number of strongly correlated orbitals, and (ii) alternative methods such as the density-matrix renormalization group and variational two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) methods have not been applied beyond linear acene chains. In this paper we extend the earlier results from active-space variational 2-RDM theory [Gidofalvi, G.; Mazziotti, D. A. J. Chem. Phys.2008, 129, 134108] to the more general two-dimensional arrangement of rings—acene sheets—to study the relationship between geometry and electron correlati...
Research for SnS/C nanocomposite as lithium-ion battery anode materials

A Sn S/C nanocomposite was prepared by simply mechanically ball-milling Sn, S and C powders. The XRD、SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the Sn S nanocomposite with carbon coating can be prepared through mechanically ball-milling methods. The Sn S/C electrode can deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 1 107 m Ah/g with 97.4% of the theoretical capacity, basically realizing the reversible conversion and alloying reaction. Particularly,the composite can demonstrate a reversible specific capacity of 854 m Ah/g at the rate of 800 m A/g, showing high rate capability. These excellent electrochemical performances attribute to the high electrochemical activity of nano Sn powders produced during the electrochemical reduction reaction, buffer effect of Li2 S and conductive carbon, which maintains the structural stability of the composite. Therefore, the Sn S/C nanocomposite provides an alternative anode material for the high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
Neonatal mortality, vesicular lesions and lameness associated with senecavirus a in a U.S. sow farm.

A 300-sow farrow-to-finish swine operation in the United States experienced a sudden and severe increase in mortality in neonatal piglets with high morbidity followed by vesicular lesions on the snout and feet of adult females and males. Affected live piglets were submitted for diagnostic investigation. Samples tested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative for foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine delta coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, porcine rotavirus types A, B and C, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Senecavirus A (SV-A) formerly known as Seneca Valley virus was detected by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from serum, skin and faeces of piglets and from serum and faeces of sows. SV-A was isolated in cell culture from piglet samples. SV-A VP1 gene region sequencing from piglet tissues was also successful. A biosecurity and disease entry evaluation was conducted and identified potential biosecurity risks factors for the entry of new pathogens into the operation. This is the first case report in the United States associating SV-A with a clinical course of severe but transient neonatal morbidity and mortality followed by vesicular lesions in breeding stock animals. Veterinarians and animal caretakers must remain vigilant for vesicular foreign animal diseases and report suspicious clinical signs and lesions to state animal health authorities for diagnostic testing and further investigation.
Lower Bound for High-Dimensional Statistical Learning Problem via Direct-Sum Theorem.

We explore the connection between dimensionality and communication cost in distributed learning problems. Specifically we study the problem of estimating the mean ~ θ of an unknown d dimensional normal distribution in the distributed setting. In this problem, the samples from the unknown distribution are distributed among m different machines. The goal is to estimate the mean ~ θ at the optimal minimax rate while communicating as few bits as possible. We show that in this simple setting, the communication cost scales linearly in the number of dimensions i.e. one needs to deal with different dimensions individually.
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate and guanylate cyclase activity in guinea pig lung: effects of acetylcholine and cholinesterase inhibitors.

The effects of acetylcholine, other neurotransmitters, and hormones on the guanosine cyclic 39, 59-monophosphate and adenosine cyclic 39, 59-monophosphate contents of guinea pig lung were investigated. When lung slices were incubated in the presence of 0.1 mM physostigmine and 1 mM theophylline (which themselves had little effect), the addition of acetylcholine produced a prompt rise in cyclic GMP concentration, which reached a maximum (about 250% of basal) in 1-3 min and began to decline by 6 min, approaching control levels in 12 min. When measured at 2 min the effect of 0.1 µM acetylcholine was negligible, and that of 1 µM was essentially maximal. Acetylcholine also increased the cyclic AMP content of lung slices 2-3-fold in 2 min. The effects on both nucleotides were prevented by 0.5 mM atropine. Prostaglandins E1, E2, A2 and F2α (2 µM), 1 µM isoproterenol, and 0.1 mM serotonin had no effect on basal cyclic GMP concentration or on the increment produced by acetylcholine. The cyclic AMP content of lung slices was markedly increased by exposure (for 2 min) to prostaglandin E1, isoproterenol, or epinephrine. The effect of epinephrine was prevented by propranolol and unaffected by phentolamine. Neither of the adrenergic blocking agents alone or in combination with epinephrine significantly affected cyclic GMP levels. Guanylate cyclase activity assayed in whole homogenates of lung was not demonstrably affected by acetylcholine or other cholinergic agents. It was significantly increased by 1 mM physostigmine (alone or in the presence of acetylcholine) but not by other inhibitors of cholinesterase (neostigmine or edrophonium). This effect of physostigmine was not prevented by atropine.
Myopia is Inversely Associated With the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the South Korean Population.

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of irreversible vision loss. Recent studies have suggested that myopia may be negatively correlated with the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. We sought to further investigate the association between refractive error and the likelihood of having diabetic retinopathy in a cross-sectional, population-based study of the South Korean population. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Data were included from right eyes of 13 424 participants who were 40 years and older with gradable fundus photographs of the Fourth and the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetic retinopathy was graded using standard fundus photographs. Autorefraction data were collected to calculate spherical equivalent of refraction in diopters (D) and further classified into 4 groups: hyperopia (≥1.0 D), emmetropia (−0.99 D to 0.99 D), mild myopia (−1.0 D to −2.99 D), and moderate to high myopia (≤−3.0 D). Demographic, comorbidity, and health-related behavior information was obtained via interview. A multivariate model was used to evaluate the association between the diagnosis of any diabetic retinopathy and the refractive status. Results Mild myopia and moderate to high myopia groups were negatively associated with development of any diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio [OR] 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18–0.97 and OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.02–0.88, respectively). In addition, for every 1 D increase in spherical equivalent, there was a 30% increase of having diabetic retinopathy (OR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08–1.58). Conclusions Our results from a population-based study suggest that myopic status is associated with lower odds of having diabetic retinopathy in the South Korean population.
Evolutionary Terrain-Based Navigation of Autonomous Mobile Robots

Optimal motion planning is critical for the successful operation of an autonomous mobile robot. Evolutionary approaches are able to provide optimal paths to problems normally intractable for traditional search methods. However, most proposed methods lack the ability to operate in a dynamic environment in real-time, and few address the impact of varying terrain conditions on the optimal path. This evolutionary navigation approach employs a novel chromosome encoding scheme that provides both path and trajectory planning. The terrain conditions are modeled using fuzzy linguistic variables to allow for the imprecision and uncertainty of the terrain data. The method is extensible and robust, allowing the robot navigate in real-time and to adapt to dynamic conditions in the environment.
Factors Associated with Patient-Initiated Telephone Calls After Spine Surgery

Background Telephone calls play a significant role in the follow-up care of postoperative patients. However, further data are needed to identify the determinants of patient-initiated telephone calls after surgery because these factors may also highlight potential areas of improvement in patient satisfaction and during the hospital discharge process. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine the number of postoperative patient telephone calls within 14 days after surgery and establish the factors associated with patient-initiated calls and reasons for calling. Methods A retrospective chart review of all spine surgeries performed at our institution from January 1, 2014, through January 2, 2015, was completed. Patient demographics, perioperative and operative variables, and telephone encounter data were collected. The primary outcome was a patient-initiated telephone call within 14 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included reporting and analyzing the reasons for patient phone calls, analyzing which procedures were associated with the most telephone calls, and conducting a multivariate analysis to determine independent risk factors for patient calls. Results Of the 488 patients who underwent surgical procedures, 222 patients (45.7%) made a telephone call within 14 days after surgery. There were 61 patients (27.48%) who called regarding pain control and 54 patients (23.87%) who called with bathing/dressing/wound questions. Other common categories include the following: other (21.17%), medication problems (15.77%), weight-bearing status/activity restrictions (5.14%), fever (3.15%), bowel management (1.35%), work notes (1.35%), and anticoagulation questions (0.45%). Factors associated with a telephone call within 14 days postoperatively included increased body mass index ( P = 0.031), lower number of comorbidities ( P = 0.043), telephone call within 2 weeks prior to surgery ( P = 0.027), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 2 ( P = 0.036), discharge disposition to home ( P = 0.003), and elective procedure ( P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that fusion procedures (odds ratio [OR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–4.45; P = 0.037) and ASA score of 3–4 (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.96, P = 0.036) were independently associated with increased and decreased propensity, respectively, toward making a phone call within 2 weeks. Conclusions Postoperative patient-initiated telephone calls within 14 days after spine surgery are very common, occurring after almost one half of all procedures. By evaluating such determinants, patient care can be improved by better addressing patient needs during and prior to discharge to prevent potential unnecessary postoperative calls and improve patient satisfaction.
When Knowing Basic Skills and Procedures Is Not Enough

Helping students achieve higher level cognitive processes is one of the goals of mathematics education. Studies have shown that students who engaged in high-level cognitive demand tasks were successful in mathematics performance. Based on an analysis of the TIMSS 2011 data, this chapter argues that eighth-grade US students’ mathematics achievement is explained more by basic skills and procedures across ability levels. Data analyses of 8th grade students in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore indicate that success in the applying domain affects their overall scores more than the knowing domain. This pattern is consistent across all ability level groups. The findings of this study show that to be competitive internationally, US students should have more opportunities to develop higher level cognitive abilities when learning mathematics.
Thermal ablation of pancreatic cyst with a prototype endoscopic ultrasound capable radiofrequency needle device: A pilot feasibility study.

Background and Objectives: Pancreatic cysts are evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration (EUS). The only accepted treatment is pancreatectomy, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the optimal thermal dosimetry of a novel radiofrequency ablation device using a standard electrosurgical unit in ex vivo cyst models. Methods: A modified EUS 22-gauge monopolar needle prototype with a tip electrode connected to a standard electrosurgical unit (Erbe USA, Marietta, GA, USA) was used to induce a subboiling point temperature. A cyst model was created using 2-cm sections of porcine small intestine ligated and filled with saline. After ablation, the cyst models were prepared for pathological evaluation. The epithelial layers were measured in at least two different sites with a micrometer and compared with the corresponding control sample. Results: Thirty-two cyst models were ablated with maximum temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, 90°C, and 97°C in 8, 11, 11, and 2 cysts, respectively. Longer ablation times were required to induce higher temperatures. A trend in the reduction in thickness of the measured layers was observed after exposure to higher temperatures. A temperature over 50°C was required for the ablation of the muscularis, submucosa, and villi, and over 60°C was required to ablate the mucosal crypts. Conclusions: In a preclinical model, a novel radiofrequency EUS-capable needle connected to a standard electrosurgical unit using standard low-voltage coagulation provided ablation in a temperature-dependent fashion with a threshold of at least 60°C and a safe cyst margin below 97°C. This potentially will allow low-cost, convenient cyst ablation.
Aging, Smooth Muscle Vitality, and Aortic Integrity.

Advances in medical genetics and imaging have resulted in a significant increase in the number of diagnosed thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). Recent findings establish a link between diminished nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and compromised smooth muscle cell vitality in aortic dilatation. These findings have myriad implications given the diverse roles of NAMPT, which is central to the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and, thus, ATP production, as well the activity of multiple NAD+ consuming proteins. Given its central role in vascular cell vitality and, thus, matrix integrity, further attention should be directed to the NAMPT–NAD+ control system in thoracic aortopathy. Article, see p 1889 Aging is a primary risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. The manifold effects of vascular aging result, in part, from adverse phenotypic changes to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), increased inflammation, and associated changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, structure, and mechanical properties.1 These aging-related changes progress in different ways throughout the vasculature. Aging of the aorta manifests at the vessel level as a gradual dilatation and structural stiffening, which impact the global hemodynamics and local wall mechanics. In particular, a stiffer aorta increases the pulse wave velocity, which can augment the pulse pressure in the proximal (thoracic) aorta and increase mechanical stress. Increases in mechanical loading are typically sensed by the VSMCs and result in changes in gene expression and downstream gene products that affect the composition and structure of the aortic wall, thus establishing a feedback loop connecting mechanical loading, cell function, and structural integrity.2 In addition to genetic mutations and uncontrolled hypertension, aging is an important risk factor for the development of TAAs. Defined as a ≥50% dilatation of the aorta, these lesions are characterized histopathologically by damaged elastic fibers, compromised smooth muscle function, pooled …
Addressing the Social and Emotional Needs of Refugee Adolescents in Schools: Learning From the Experiences of School Counselors

The United States continues to be one of the top resettlement countries in the world, and refugee children are entering U.S. schools at unprecedented rates. School counselors strive to develop and ...
High precision electromagnetic calorimetry with 40 MHz readout: the CMS crystal ECAL for the High-Luminosity LHC

The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment (CMS) will be upgraded to meet the challenging running conditions expected after the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC). Particular challenges at the HL-LHC are the harsh radiation environment, the increasing data rates, and the extreme level of pile-up events, with up to 200 simultaneous proton-proton collisions. The detector will have to sustain an instantaneous luminosity of $5 \times 10 ^{34}$ cm $^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, while maintaining a performance similar to what was achieved at LHC Run I, but for an integrated luminosity of 3 to 5ab $^{-1}$. This poses stringent requirements on the radiation resistance of detector components, the readout and data transfer from the front-end to the back-end off-detector electronics, as well as the latency of the trigger system. The barrel region of the CMS ECAL will be able to retain thecurrent lead tungstate crystals and avalanche photodiode detectors which will meet the energy measurement performance requirements throughout the operational lifetime of the HL-LHC. To improve the physics performance of CMS under severe pile-up conditions, the timing precision of the CMS ECAL will be improved to reach around 30ps for energies down to 10GeV. The very-frontend readout will utilize trans-impedance amplifiers to optimally take advantage of the excellenttiming performance of the ECAL crystals. The detector will be fully read out, without any noise suppression, at the LHC collision rate of 40MHz. Powerful backend electronics will reconstruct the amplitude and time of each of the $\sim 60000$ channels of the ECAL barrel in real time. We present the status of the R&D of the readout and back-end electronics, report on the latest beam tests with pre-production prototypes, and describe the expected performance of the upgraded detector.
Patient Perspectives on Discussions of Electronic Cigarettes in Primary Care.

Purpose Patient preferences regarding the role of the primary care provider (PCP) in discussing electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use are unknown. Methods We administered a cross-sectional survey to 568 adult patients in a family medicine clinic to explore e-cigarette use, sources of information on e-cigarettes, perceived knowledge about e-cigarette health effects, views regarding PCP knowledge of e-cigarettes, interest in discussing e-cigarettes with PCPs and preferred format for e-cigarette information. We performed χ2 testing with a 2-tailed P Results The prevalence of e-cigarette use was 10% for recent (≤30 days) use and 29% for nonrecent (>30 days) use. Prevalence was significantly higher among those who were younger, less educated, or smoked cigarettes, but did not vary by sex or self-reported health status. Roughly one quarter of participants believed they were knowledgeable about the health effects of e-cigarettes, secondhand smoke, and quitting cigarettes. Sources of e-cigarette information included television advertisements (56.6%), friends and family (49.9%), or e-cigarette shops (25.5%), but included physician offices much less frequently (6.0%). Although 30.2% disagreed that their PCP knew a lot about e-cigarettes, 62.0% were comfortable discussing e-cigarettes with their PCP. However, only 25% of all patients wanted their PCP to discuss e-cigarettes with them, but 62.0% of recent e-cigarette users wanted such a discussion. Most preferred a brief discussion or handout to a lengthy discussion. Conclusion PCPs were infrequent sources of information for patients regarding e-cigarette use. PCPs need evidence-based strategies to help them address e-cigarettes in primary care.
Automatically assembling a full census of an academic field

The composition of the scientific workforce shapes the direction of scientific research, directly through the selection of questions to investigate, and indirectly through its influence on the training of future scientists. In most fields, however, complete census information is difficult to obtain, complicating efforts to study workforce dynamics and the effects of policy. This is particularly true in computer science, which lacks a single, all-encompassing directory or professional organization. A full census of computer science would serve many purposes, not the least of which is a better understanding of the trends and causes of unequal representation in computing. Previous academic census efforts have relied on narrow or biased samples, or on professional society membership rolls. A full census can be constructed directly from online departmental faculty directories, but doing so by hand is expensive and time-consuming. Here, we introduce a topical web crawler for automating the collection of faculty information from web-based department rosters, and demonstrate the resulting system on the 205 PhD-granting computer science departments in the U.S. and Canada. This method can quickly construct a complete census of the field, and achieve over 99% precision and recall. We conclude by comparing the resulting 2017 census to a hand-curated 2011 census to quantify turnover and retention in computer science, in general and for female faculty in particular, demonstrating the types of analysis made possible by automated census construction.
Mouse trophoblastic cell lines: II--Relationship between invasive potential and proteases

The specialized interaction between embryonic and maternal tissue is unique to mammalian development. This interaction begins with the invasion of the uterus by the first differentiated embryonic cells, the trophoblasts, and culminates in formation of the placenta. Because of their highly specialized behavior invasive cells must attach to the extracellular matrix proteins, secrete proteinases, capable of degrading matrix, and migrate through the degraded matrix; invasion is partially dependent on the proteinase activity of the cells. The objective, therefore, was to study a vitro system to examine the mechanism(s) of trophoblast cell invasion and its relationship to proteinases. Since little is known about the actual mechanism(s) involved. The mouse trophoblast cell lines established from placentas of different gestational ages were chosen to study their invasive properties in vitro. To begin to understand the biochemical basis of this behavior, the chromogenic assay and the substrate gel technique was used to analyze the cell associated and secreted plasminogen activators. All lines secrete and synthesize both urokinase-type (uPA) and tissue-type (tPA) plasminogen activators. The most invasive line SM9-2, derived from mid-gestation (day 9) placenta showed the highest enzymatic activity in the conditioned medium (CM), whereas in cell extract (CE) SM-10 line derived from late gestation placenta had the highest PAs activity. Four forms of secreted PAs in CM were of 79, 72, 43 and 35 kDa molecular weights, whereas in CE only 79 kDa molecular weight form of PA was detected using substrate SDS-PAGE gels. Additional observations from cells cultured on Marrigel Invasion Chambers also showed secretion of PAs by noninvading and invading cells in a biphasic pattern suggest the involvement of these enzymes in the extracellular proteolysis. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) were examined by RT-PCR in all the lines, however MMP-9 and TIMP-1 signals were strongly expressed in SM9-2 and SM-10 lines respectively. CM and CE were characterized by gelatin zymography, and the proteinases secreted by these cells in CM were confirmed to be metalloproteinases with approximate molecular masses between 52 to 92 kDa. Proteinases secreted by noninvading and invading cells cultured on Matrigel Invasion Chambers were not identical suggesting that specialized, temporally regulated metallopro-teinases are involved in trophoblast invasion. Trophoblast cell invasion in Matrigel Invasion Chambers was significantly inhibited in all the lines by using 1, 10-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of metalloproteinases. The results indicated that mouse trophoblast cells have matrix--degrading capabilities through metalloproteinase activity. Similar metalloproteinase activity has been reported to be necessary for human trophoblast invasion, suggesting a similar mechanism of implantation. Trophoblast culture system described here should be useful in studying some of the early events in human placentation.
Motion Primitives for Stabilization and Control of Underactuated Vehicles

Abstract In this paper we construct motion primitives as algorithm building blocks for stabilization and control of a class of underactuated systems that includes spacecraft, submersibles and planar vehicles. The underactuated systems are modelled as Lagrangian systems on Lie groups; thus, they are systems with drift and with accessibility distributions described by the operation of Lie bracket and symmetric product. Directions of motion that are not directly actuated are identified with symmetric products of the input vector fields, and in-phase sinusoidal forcing is used in the primitives to generate motion in these directions. These primitives can then be used for a variety of low velocity maneuvers. For example, we demonstrate their use for exponential point stabilization and for static interpolation. We evaluate our algorithms and investigate the advantage of planning motions along relative equilibria.
Effects of concanavalin A on cellular dynamics and membrane transport.

How does Con A affect the cellular dynamics and cellular transport of various substances? It has been observed that following a 30 minute incubation with Con A (20–66 pg/ml) the tumor cells (Anaplastic carcinoma Type 15091A), unlike the normal cells, gradually retract their pseudopodia, take on a rounded shape and lose their motility. The maximum rounding of tumor cells takes place during the period of 200–250 min following the withdrawal of Con A from the incubating medium. All of these rounded cells later develop their regular pseudopodia. A partial synchrony of cell division is also observed. Associated with the rounding effect, there is a decrease in the rate of uptake of some specific amino acids by the tumor cells. The maximum reduction in the uptake coincides with the stage of maximum rounding. Con A also affects some of the electrical properties of tumor cells. In addition, the incorporation of radioactive thymidine into the nuclei is reduced to a much larger extent than can be accounted for by the reduction in the rate of entry of thymidine into the cytoplasm. The saturation densities of both normal and tumor cells are not significantly altered by Con A. Tumor cells treated with Con A (chronically or acutely) are equally as potent as the untreated cells in yielding solid tumors when the host animals are injected with these cells subcutaneously. In conclusion, it is suggested that while Con A does not revert or destroy this particular line of tumor cells, this lectin has some interesting selective effects on the morphology and transport properties of tumor cells.
BREEDING POTENTIAL OF THERMAL REACTORS

The breeding potential of thermal reactors is re-evaluated on the basis of present nuclear data. It is concluded that positive breeding on the U233, thorium cycle is possible with a variety of mode...
The Balance Concept Revisited: Finding Balance to Reduce Stress in a Frantic World of IT

Information technology can bring benefits such as rapid access to information and remote connection with friends and colleagues; however, information technology can also produce problems and increase pressure and demands or invade privacy. This chapter describes different paradoxes of information technology and their impact on job stress. Using well-known interventions and principles of job stress, we describe interventions at the society, organization, and individual levels. The objective is to balance IT, design, implementation, and use to reduce or mitigate stress and improve individual, organizational, and societal outcomes.
Die proktologische Untersuchung

Dieses Kapitel widmet sich dem Inhalt und logischen Ablauf einer proktologischen Untersuchung. Welche Befunde sind hierbei wichtig und was bedeuten sie?
Distributed leadership, professional collaboration, and teachers’ job satisfaction in U.S. schools

Abstract This study uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to investigate relationships among distributed leadership, professional collaboration, and teachers' job satisfaction in U.S. schools. Data are from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). Results revealed teachers’ perceptions of distributed leadership were significantly, positively associated with their job satisfaction after accounting for other individual and school culture variables, with reciprocal mediation between distributed leadership and professional collaboration. This study has policy implications for leadership in disadvantaged schools in addition to research implications, particularly regarding how leadership is reflected in the responses of different school stakeholders.
Abstract B167: Antigen-presenting cells as coordinators of T-cell responses to gut microbiota

The immune system in the gut mucosa must balance tolerance to harmless diet and microbial antigens with the ability to mount effective inflammatory responses to diverse invasive pathogens. These requirements are reflected in the functions of distinct subsets of T-cells whose differentiation is guided by diverse cytokines secreted by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In recent years, different APCs subsets have been proposed to guide CD4+ T-cell polarization and to induce primary T-cell responses in lymph nodes versus secondary responses in tissues. However, the exact roles of APC subsets in mediating T-cell responses to gut microbiota are still under debate and have not been thoroughly addressed. We previously showed that the commensal microbe segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) induces antigen-specific Th17 cells, while Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh) induces an antigen-specific Treg response. Using those microbial models, I am now studying the contribution of APC subsets to specific T-cell response. I utilize several different approaches to track APC subsets that presents the relevant microbial peptides in the mesenteric lymph node and to characterize their contribution to T-cell priming and polarization. A better understanding of which APCs participate in the differentiation of each category of T-cell will enable in the future to develop better tools to educate T-cells to fight cancer. Citation Format: Ranit Kedmi, Kai Mesa, Dan Littman. Antigen-presenting cells as coordinators of T-cell responses to gut microbiota [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B167.
Microstructurally Explicit Simulation of Intergranular Mass Transport in Oxide Nuclear Fuels

Transport of fission products (FPs) inside fuel pellets is an important mechanism that affects microstructure evolution as well as fuel performance. To study this phenomenon for low fuel burnups, w...
Semantic Product Search

We study the problem of semantic matching in product search, that is, given a customer query, retrieve all semantically related products from the catalog. Pure lexical matching via an inverted index falls short in this respect due to several factors: a) lack of understanding of hypernyms, synonyms, and antonyms, b) fragility to morphological variants (e.g. "woman" vs. "women"), and c) sensitivity to spelling errors. To address these issues, we train a deep learning model for semantic matching using customer behavior data. Much of the recent work on large-scale semantic search using deep learning focuses on ranking for web search. In contrast, semantic matching for product search presents several novel challenges, which we elucidate in this paper. We address these challenges by a) developing a new loss function that has an inbuilt threshold to differentiate between random negative examples, impressed but not purchased examples, and positive examples (purchased items), b) using average pooling in conjunction with n-grams to capture short-range linguistic patterns, c) using hashing to handle out of vocabulary tokens, and d) using a model parallel training architecture to scale across 8 GPUs. We present compelling offline results that demonstrate at least 4.7% improvement in Recall@100 and 14.5% improvement in mean average precision (MAP) over baseline state-of-the-art semantic search methods using the same tokenization method. Moreover, we present results and discuss learnings from online A/B tests which demonstrate the efficacy of our method.
Overnight Sleep Study and MSLT

Pediatric polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency testing (MSLT) are the mainstays for the laboratory diagnosis of pediatric sleep disorders. Official guidelines have been set forth by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and they form the basis for accreditation standards for sleep laboratories. This chapter overviews the basics of clinical evaluation and planning as it relates to sleep testing, and discusses some of the nuances and peculiarities of these studies as they pertain to the pediatric population. Technicalities such as equipment specifications, details of sleep staging, and event scoring as well as MSLT protocols are beyond the scope of this chapter, but essentials of hookup and the utility of various sensors are discussed along with liberal use of illustrations to help the reader appreciate pediatric sleep testing.
Community QE: Key Provisions and a 'Game Plan' for Immediate State Action

On April 9th the Fed announced it would be opening an unprecedented new Municipal Liquidity Facility (‘MLF') for States and their Subdivisions now struggling to address the nation’s COVID-19 pandemic. This is effectively ‘Community QE’ in all but name. Because Community QE will constitute a literal lifeline to States and their Subdivisions, and will in light of its novelty be as unfamiliar as it is essential, this Memorandum briefly summarizes what the new Facility enables now and will likely enable in future. On this basis it then recommends a three-phase ‘Game Plan’ for States and their Subdivisions to put into operation immediately – that is, April 13th.
New integrable (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional sinh-Gordon equations with constant and time-dependent coefficients

Abstract In this work, we mainly address two new integrable (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional sinh-Gordon equations, which naturally appear in surface theory and fluid dynamics. The first equation includes constant coefficients, while the other is characterized with time-dependent coefficients. It is of further value to investigate the integrability of each model. This study puts forward a Painleve test to reveal the Painleve integrability. We show that the first equation passes the Painleve test to confirm its integrability. However, the compatibility conditions of the second model with time-dependent coefficients provides the relation between these coefficients to ensure its integrability. We show that the dispersion relations of the two equations are distinct, whereas the phase shifts are identical. We apply the simplified Hirota's method where four sets of multiple soliton are derived for these equations.
Sleep quality and cultural orientation among Chinese and Korean undergraduates in the United States.

Objective: The present study examined the relationship between cultural orientation styles and sleep quality among Chinese and Korean undergraduates in the United States. Method: A total of 266 par...
Therapeutic Approach to Coronavirus Disease

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The viral genome was rapidly identified in order to develop diagnostic testing and therapeutic options. SARS-CoV2 is a single-stranded RNA-enveloped virus that uses its surface spike (S) protein to bind host cell’s angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the presence of host cell protease TMPRSS2, a cofactor for virus entry [1]. The virus uses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA leading to viral assembly and exocytosis [2].
Exploring Spatial Clustering Over Time and Spillover Effects of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit on Neighborhood-Level Income Segregation:

This study investigates the longitudinal and spatial patterns and spillover effects of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments on neighborhood-level income segregation. Focusing on all M...
3D printing of liquid metal EGaIn through laser induced forward transfer: A proof-of-concept study

Abstract In this work, we introduce Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) of Liquid Metal (LM) alloys, specifically Eutectic Gallium-Indium (EGaIn). LIFT for LM provides a fairly simple manufacturing method with better control and modularity for patterning LMs compared to existing methods such as imprinting, and extrusion. LIFT is a direct-write printing method which is used for a wide range of applications, such as, laser printing of electronic materials, biomolecules, and cells. Our preliminary results demonstrate great potential of LIFT process for LM deposition and patterning, and can help achieve finer and scalable features with high throughput.