cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hope fault, Jordan thrust, and uplift of the Seaward Kaikoura Range, New Zealand

In the northern South Island of New Zealand, displacement at the Pacific-Indian plate boundary is accommodated by the east-north-east-striking, right-lateral strike-slip Marlborough fault system. The southernmost Marlborough fault is the Hope fault; the late Pleistocene-Holocene horizontal slip rate on this fault is 20-25 mm/yr, about half of the rate of Pacific-Australian plate motion. Near the eastern end of the Hope fault, most displacement is transferred to the north-northeast-striking Jordan thrust, but the average dip-slip rate at the surface trace of this thrust is less than 4 mm/yr. We propose that most slip takes place on a blind thrust, expressed at the surface by the fault-propagation folding of the Seaward Kaikoura Range, and that the rate of uplift of this range is as high as that of the Southern Alps, 6 to 10 mm/yr. The major restraining bend of the Alpine fault has the same average slip rate as the Wairau fault, 4-6 mm/yr. Even though the Alpine fault is an east-dipping, reverse-separation fault at the restraining bend, this low slip rate results in uplift of the Spenser Mountains east of the bend at a rate lower than that of the Southern Alps and Seaward Kaikoura Range.
Transcriptional Activation of the Ovine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit Gene by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Involvement of Two Activating Protein-1-Binding Sites and Protein Kinase C1

FSH is an α/β heterodimeric glycoprotein, the formation of which is regulated primarily by expression of its β-subunit. Recent studies on transcriptional regulation of the ovine FSH β-subunit gene (oFSHβ) have defined two functional activating protein-1 (AP-1) enhancers in the proximal promoter (located at −120 and −83 bp) that are probably physiologically important for FSHβ expression. As GnRH is a major regulator of FSHβ expression and is also known to stimulate the synthesis of Jun and Fos family members (AP-1), we investigated the possibility that oFSHβ transcription may be regulated by GnRH through AP-1. Here we report the use of an in vitro cell system involving transient transfection of GnRH receptors (GnRHR) into HeLa cells to define regulatory elements involved in GnRH-mediated induction of oFSHβ. This system was used to show that expression of luciferase constructs containing either the −4741/+759 region of the oFSHβ gene (−4741oFSHβ-Luc) or the −846/+44 region of the human α gene (α-Luc; a posi...
Bordetella pertussis infection induces a mucosal IL-17 response and long-lived Th17 and Th1 immune memory cells in nonhuman primates

Despite near universal vaccine coverage, the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis has re-emerged as a major public health concern. We recently developed a baboon (Papio anubis) model of pertussis that provides an excellent model of human pertussis. Using this model, the immune response to pertussis was characterized by measuring cytokines in the nasopharyngeal mucosa of infected baboons. Notably, we observed mucosal expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) as well as IL-6, IL-23, and several cytokines and chemokines that are orchestrated by IL-17 immune responses. We also found substantial populations of circulating B. pertussis-specific Th17 and Th1 cells in convalescent animals >2 years post-infection consistent with a role in immunological memory to pertussis. Collectively, these data shed important light on the innate and adaptive immune responses to pertussis in a primate infection model and suggest that Th17 and Th1 immune responses contribute to the immunity conferred by natural pertussis infection.
Papulosquamous diseases: A review

Papulosquamous diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders whose etiology primarily is unknown. The nosology of these disorders is based on a descriptive morphology of clinical lesions characterized by scaly papules and plaques. The major entities in this group include psoriasis, parapsoriasis (including pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta), lichen planus, lichen nitidus, lichen striatus, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome. Many other conditions may become papulosquamous and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Observation of the 1P excitonic states in Cd(S,Se)-glass quantum dots

The 1S to 1P excitonic transition in Cd(S,Se) quantum dots in glass was observed as a distinct peak in an infrared absorption spectrum (2--5 \ensuremath{\mu}m) induced with a subpicosecond visible laser pulse (585 nm). The temporal behavior of the induced absorption at the peak indicates that the 1P to 1S exciton relaxation is faster than 0.7 ps and the 1S exicton lifetime is about 20 ps. The 1S to 1P transition energy allows us to determine the eigenenergies for both electron and holes as well as the effective mean radius of dots. Direct transmission electron microscopy examination independently confirms the sizes of the quantum dots.
The provenance of low-calcic black shales

The elemental concentration of sedimentary rocks depends on the varying reactivity of each element as it goes from the source through weathering, deposition, diagenesis, lithification, and even low rank metamorphism. However, non-reactive components of detrital particles ideally are characteristic of the original igneous source and thus are useful in provenance studies. To determine the source of detrital granitic and volcanic components of low-calcic (<1% CaCO3) marine black shales, the concentrations of apparently non-reactive (i.e. unaffected by diagenetic, redox and/or low-rank metamorphic processes) trace elements were examined using standard trace element discrimination diagrams developed for igneous rocks. The chemical data was obtained by neutron activation analyses of about 200 stratigraphically well-documented black shale samples from the Cambrian through the Jurassic. A La-Th-Sc ternary diagram distinguishes among contributions from the upper and bulk continental crust and the oceanic crust (Taylor and McLennan 1985). All the low-calcic black shales cluster within the region of the upper crust. Th-Hf-Co ternary diagrams also are commonly used to distinguish among the upper and bulk continental crust and the oceanic crust (Taylor and McLennan 1985). As Co is redox sensitive in black shale environments, it was necessary to substitute an immobile element (i.e. example Rb) in the diagram. With this substitution of black shales all cluster in the region of the upper continental crust. To determine the provenance of the granitic component (Pearce et al. 1984), plots of Ta vs Yb and Rb vs Yb + Ta shows a cluster at the junction of the boundaries separating the volcanic arc granite (VAG), syn-collision granite (syn-COLG), and within-plate granite (WPG) fields. The majority fall within the VAG field. There are no occurrences of ocean ridge granite (ORG). The minimal contribution of basalts to marine black shales is confirmed by the ternary Wood diagram Th-Hf/3-Ta (Wood et al. 1979). The black shales plot in a cluster in a high Th region outside the various basalt fields, which suggests contribution from the continental crust.
Effects of estradiol on insulin receptor distribution in primary cultures of R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma of the rat.

The influence of 17β-estradiol on insulin receptor distribution was studied in primary cultures of R3230AC mammary tumors prepared from intact or ovariectomized Fischer rats. [125I]Insulin binding to plasma membrane (IRs) and to solubilized cells (IRt) was measured, and intracellular insulin binding (IRi) was calculated by the difference between the two; calculated IRi agreed well with measured IRi of solubilized cells that were pretreated with trypsin to remove IRs. Scatchard analysis of saturation studies on IR8 and IRt displayed typical curvilinearity and were roughly parallel with comparable e and Kd values for high affinity sites, but tumors from ovariectomized rats displayed more sites per cell. Insulin receptors relative to time in culture showed an early decline in IRt and IR8 for both types of cells, followed by a gradual return to similar IRt values; in both types of cells, however, the proportion of IR8 was increased compared to their initial distribution. Cells from both types of host animals ...
Effect of antidiarrheal and antimotility drugs on ileal excreta.

Commonly used antimotility and antidiarrheal drugs were administered to six ileostomized subjects to determine whether their normal ileal excreta and that induced by prune juice could be altered. A total of 49 studies were performed, 21 with and 28 without prune juice. Bismuth subgallate was the only drug which significantly reduced the normal ileal excreta (P<0.05). Codeine sulfate decreased the ileal excreta in two of three subjects in either type of study. The third subject was a nonresponder to drugs. Deodorized tincture of opium (DTO) and diphenoxylate (Lomotil) were also effective in some subjects. Propantheline, tincture of belladonna, Sorboquel, and Kaopectate did not appear to decrease ileal excreta. Calcium carbonate, on the other hand, increased ileal excreta; fat excretion was also increased.
Rare earth selecnocyanate complexes

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of selenocyanate complexes of the type [(n−C 4 H 9 ) 4 N] 3 [M(NCSe) 6 ] for the rare earth ions Pr III , Nd III , Sm III Dy III , Ho III , and Er III is described. Infrared spectra measurements indicate theat the selecocyanate groups are bonded through the nitrogen atom. The tendency of the complexes to dissociate in nitrobenxene decreases as the atomic number of the rare earth ion increases, the complexes being slightly less stable in this respect than the corresponding thiocyanate complexes. The complexes are reasonably stable when dry, but tend to decompose in moist air or in solution at room temperature. The magnitude o fhte molar absorptivities of the absorption maxima in hte visible spectra of the complexes indicates pronounced deviations from O h symmetry, possibly due to non-linear MNCSe linkages. The wavelengths of the absorption maxima of the corresponding selenocyanate, thiocyanate and chloride complexes generally increase in the order NCSe − − t . Attempts to prepare the analogous cyanate complexes by comparable synthetic procedures were unsuccessful.
Morphology-shrinkage relationships in semi-crystalline polymers. Epitaxy, a way of eliminating amorphous contribution

A new approach for achieving a highly dimensionally stable film of semi-crystalline polymers via blending is demonstrated. To illustrate this approach, a model system, polyethylene-polypropylene is investigated using TEM, TMA, DSC, and DMA. It is shown that epitaxial growth in polymer blends and laminates can induce a cross-hatch morphology which eliminates or reduces the contribution of an oriented amorphous phase. This ultimately leads to greater dimensional stability and synergism in mechanical properties as well. The presence of an appropriate low-melting component can also be used to reduce shrinkage.
Voiding Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

AbstractPurpose: We prospectively evaluated the current spectrum of urodynamic pathology in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who presented with voiding dysfunction.Materials and Methods: We obtained a directed genitourinary and neurological history, and performed a physical examination and urodynamic testing in 18 patients. A 4-channel membrane urethral catheter was used to record intravesical and intraurethral pressures simultaneously.Results: Detrusor hyperreflexia was present in 28 percent of our patients and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 28 percent. Detrusor areflexia, previously described as the most frequent abnormality, was uncommon in our series (6 percent of patients).Conclusions: This changing proportion of urodynamic diagnoses may reflect a changing pattern of neurological manifestations of HIV infection due to more aggressive management. Urodynamic evaluation remains critical for precise diagnosis and treatment in patients with HIV who present with urinary symptoms.
Immunocytochemical analysis of somatotrophs and mammotrophs in the pars distalis of postnatal dwarf (dw) mutant mice.

The postnatal differentiation of somatotrophs and mammotrophs in the pars distalis of normal and dwarf (dw/dw) mice was analyzed by means of immunocytochemistry at the electron-microscopic level. Thin sections of Araldite-embedded pituitaries from postnatal mice ranging in age from 2 days to 3–4 months were exposed to antigrowth hormone serum (anti-GH) or to anti-prolactin serum (anti-PRL) and were processed immunocytochemically by means of the colloidal-gold technique. In the normal adult pars distalis, somatotrophs reacted strongly with antiGH, and mammotrophs showed a positive anti-PRL reaction. In the dwarf adult, the granulated cells were unreactive with either anti-GH or anti-PRL. However, at 6 days postnatally, some cells in the dwarf pars distalis showed a positive reaction with anti-GH, though the reaction was not as strong as in the 6-day normal pars distalis. The 6-day dwarf was only faintly reactive with anti-PRL, and by 14 days the dwarf was unreactive with anti-GH as well as anti-PRL, in contrast to the strong positive reactivity to these two antisera in the normal 14-day pars distalis.
Niobium and vanadium iminophosphinimide complexes.

The iminophosphinimide complexes [Ar(R)N]3M(NPNBut) (M = V, Nb) were prepared from the corresponding anionic nitride species {[Ar(R)N]3MNNa}2 by way of a four-step synthetic strategy.
Antennally Active Macrolide from the Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis Emitted Predominantly by Females

The macrocyclic lactone (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide was identified from the emissions of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, feeding on ash foliage. The compound was detected from both sexes but was ca. 10 times more abundant from females. It was readily sensed by antennae of both males and females. Identification was confirmed by synthesis. The behavioral effects of the lactone remain unstudied in A. planipennis, but a verified pheromonal function could lead to improved monitoring for this invasive pest. The lactone is part of the pheromone of Cryptolestes pusillus, an unrelated beetle species.
Stabilization in turbulent lifted deflected-jet flames

The stabilization region of two turbulent lifted deflected-jet flames injected at 45° into a cross-flow is investigated. The two flames with the same jet Reynolds number ( Re d =6000), but with different crossflow speeds ( U cr =1.8 and 3.0 m/s), are compared to understand the stabilization mechanism of such jet flames. The flame base location and the velocity field at the flame base are obtained simultaneously by CH planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry. The deflected-jet flame with a higher cross-flow speed is observed to have lower liftoff height and generally be more stable when compared to the deflected-jet flame with a lower cross-flow speed, unlike the case of jet flames in coflow where the opposite has been observed. Instantaneous flame base locations scatter around the mean stoichiometric velocity contour, which is the theoretical velocity of the flame surface. Therefore, the flame base of the deflected-jet flame with the lower corss-flow speed is exposed to higher incoming velocity and shows wider CH distribution. These observations are consistent with the idea that the velocity at the flame base is proportional to the stoichiometric velocity and that the increase of the velocity at the flame base beyond the leading edge flame propagation speed leads to blowout.
A combinatorial proof for an identity of procesi of Sn characters

Results about the trace identities of the 2 ×2 matrices led Procesi to the follwing identity: [UM0001] Here we give a Combinatorial proof of that identity, a proof which makes no use of P.I. theory.
An Iterative Method for the Nonlinear Characterization of the High Tc Superconducing Microstrip Line

Value of surface resistance of the high critical temperature (Tc) superconducting thin film depends upon the power level on the film surface. Analysis of this kind of superconducting thin film microstrip line is a nonlinear problem. An iterative method combining the spectral domain approach and the impedance boundary condition model is applied to solve for the transmission characteristics of the high Tc superconducting microstrip line.
Situated Learning: What Ever Happened To Educational Psychology?

This paper attempts to explore the diminishing contributions of psychology in teacher preparation programs. Using situated learning as a basis for discussion, I have argued that a student may take a course in educational psychology and then subsequently discover that subsequent preparation may ignore those psychological caveats regarding the efficacy of proposed instructional methodology such as situated learning. These include cognition, group processes, and transfer of training. However, the presence of such concerns is not confined to situated learning specifically. It may be time for educators to reconsider psychological findings as necessary contributions to the efficacy of their proposals.
Conventional aspects of human action, its time, and its place

In the last few years a broad debate has taken place in books and journals about the time of action. Many different views have been propounded, and many an ingenious argument has been devised. I submit that those views are insightful but that the arguments have been misplaced. The views are at bottom compatible, for they differ in what they call ‘action’. I propose that our conception of action is so enveloped in conventions that there is no factual issue, per se, about the time and place of human action. There are actually several layers of conventionality involved in our timing and placing of actions. The crucial philosophical issues pertain to the clarification of those conventional layers. Among these issues are: (i) What are the conventions involved in timing and locating actions? (ii) What is the rationale for those conventions? (iii) Is that rationale sufficient to show the usefulness of those conventions? (iv) Can and should those conventions be improved upon?
Minor head injury in children—out of sight but not out of mind

Mild head injury is a quiet disorder. It is common, typically bloodless and without call for significant medical intervention. It seems even more quiet because the noise it does make (its symptoms) is often attributed to other causes. Nevertheless the disruption in coping capacity and attendent breakdown in usual behavioral patterns causes more psychosocial and academic‐economic hardship than have begun to be appreciated. Cognitive mental changes such as impairment in attention, memory, and information processing even when mild and apparently transient can produce altered patterns of achievement and self confidence with long lived reverberations. Emotional irritability and lethargy also produce a chain of reactions likely to outlive the primary source of the disruption. Add to this decreased frustration tolerance, increased fatigability, lowered resilence to stress and uncertainty as to the origin of these difficulties and one has recipe for prolonged impairment. Place these ingredients into the person of...
Quantum theory of Manakov solitons

A fully quantum mechanical model of two-component Manakov solitons is developed in both the Heisenberg and Schrodinger representations, followed by an analytical, linearized quantum theory of Manakov solitons in the Heisenberg picture. This theory is used to analyze the vacuum-induced fluctuations of Manakov soliton propagation and collision. The vacuum fluctuations induce phase diffusion and dispersion in Manakov soliton propagation. Calculations of the position, polarization angle, and polarization state fluctuations show an increase in collision-induced noise with a decrease in the relative velocity between the two solitons, as expected because of an increase in the interaction length. Fluctuations in both the polarization angle and state are shown to be independent of propagation distance, opening up possibilities for communications, switching, and logic, exploiting these properties of Manakov solitons. Calculations of the phase noise reveal, surprisingly, that the collision-induced fluctuations can be reduced slightly below the level of fluctuations in the absence of collision, due to cross-correlation effects between the collision-induced phase and amplitude fluctuations of the soliton. The squeezing effect of Manakov solitons is also studied and proven, unexpectedly, to have the same theoretical optimum as scalar solitons.
The computational modelling of branching fine structures in constrained crystals

We introduce a finite element method which is piecewise continuous on the microscopic scale of the spatial resolution h but discontinuous on the mesoscopic scale hδ, δ ∈ (0, 1). The method is designed to capture the morphology of needle twin structures frequently found in ferric and pseudo-elastic crystals, namely, in uniaxial ferromagnets and au milieu of the Austenite-Martensite interfaces. The approach is based on a domain decomposition method that interpolates between the scale on order of the size of crystal and the microscopic scale of finite element approximation h. The scale interpolation is enabled by incorporating frequency adaptivity. The visualization and analysis of the computational results presented disclose microstructures corresponding to complex scaling laws. We document that the fine structures obtained by the presented method are not visible using classical formulation of the underlying variational problem and using conforming approximation of admissible sets. The proposed method is suitable for non-smooth relaxation and optimization when the minimizers lack the often required C1,α-regularity and when they exhibit fractal behavior.
M1 demand and volatility

The reasons for the instability within the M1 market during the 1970s and 1980s have been attributed to an actual breakdown in the M1 market, multicollinearity, or an inappropriate specification. The present paper offers a more general reason: increased volatility within the money demand determinants produced an econometric environment which made estimation of the relationship problematic. In order to investigate this possibility, the traditional demand vector is re-estimated with additional generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity representation for income, inflation, and interest rate volatility as conditioning variables. The rolling regression results highlight a significant stability within the M1 demand vector and its long- and short-run parameters.
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAMETOPHYTE OF PSILOTUM NUDUM

IN VIEW of the importance which has been placed on the Psilotaceae in the phylogeny of the vascular cryptogams during recent decades, the nature of the gametophyte assumes great significance, especially in view of its relative inaccessibility. Our knowledge of the gametophyte of Psilotum is restricted to accounts of only four collections of material, two from Australia (Darnell-Smith, 1918; Lawson, 1918), one from New Zealand (Holloway, 1939), and one from the greenhouses of Cornell University (Moseley and Zimmerly, 1949; Zimmerly and Banks, 1950). Descriptions of new collections of gametophytes will very probably add new items of information as well as extend the range of variation of known characteristics of this incompletely known generation. METHODS AND MATERIALS.-The gametophytes used in the present study belong to a race of Psilotum nudum (L.) Beauv. growing in the greenhouses of the Department of Botany, University of Minnesota. The exact origin of this race is not certain, but it was probably introduced along, with other plants from the Gulf-Carribean area during the 1920's. The underground Psilotum objects were obtained in the following manner. A clay pot in which a highly pot-bound plant (other than Psilotum) was growing and which had not been disturbed for several years was chosen from the greenhouse. Experience proved that a pot in which a palm, an Aspidistra, or a Clivia was growing would most likely yield satisfactory results. The pot was placed in a large bucket of water and then broken. The pieces of clay were removed and the plant was agitated to remove loose soil. The root mass was pulled apart under water while being agitated and then the bulk of it was removed to another container to be re-washed later. The first washings were then thoroughly agitated and poured onto a large piece of cheese cloth. The heavy material was allowed to remain in the container. The container was again filled with water, agitated, and its liquid contents poured onto the same cheese cloth. This was repeated until the heavy soil sediment remaining in the container was devoid of organic matter. Water was then allowed to run through the cheese cloth to remove fine soil particles. A small amount of the material from the cheese cloth (ca. 1 cc.) was placed in a large white
The cytoskeleton of the chicken lens fiber cells: A scanning and ultrastructural analysis

The cytoskeleton of the fiber cells of a 4-month-old chicken lens was analysed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after removal of the plasma membrane by 0·2% sodium deoxycholate. The cytoskeleton as seen by scanning electron microscopy consisted of a network of beaded and unbeaded filaments that crisscrossed the interior of the cell. The beaded filaments correspond to chains of particles attached to a filamentous backbone, while the unbeaded filaments correspond to intermediate filaments.
Calcium-dependent phosphorylation of synaptic vesicle proteins and its possible role in mediating neurotransmitter release and vesicle function.

Calcium ions caused a marked increase in the level of endogenous phosphorylation of specific proteins from highly purified synaptic vesicle fractions. The calcium-dependent phosphorylation of two synaptic vesicle proteins was inhibited by phenytoin. The effects of calcium and phenytoin were independent of ATP concentration. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the effects of calcium ions on the level of phosphorylation of specific synaptic vesicle-associated proteins may be the underlying molecular mechanism mediating some of the effects of calcium on neurotransmitter release and synaptic vesicle function.
A population-based study of repetitive traumatic brain injury among persons with traumatic brain injury.

Primary objective: The objective was to estimate and compare the hazards of repetitive traumatic brain injury (RTBI) events as a function of the index TBI severity, in a cohort of TBI hospital discharges include in the South Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury Follow-up Registry.Research design: Retrospective cohort.Methods and procedures: There were 4357 persons with TBI who were followed from the index hospital discharge through 31 December 2005 for RTBI events through the statewide hospital discharge (HD) and emergency department (ED) records. Prentice, Williams, Peterson total time/conditional probability model (PWP-CP) for recurrent events survival analysis was used to assess RTBI as a function of index TBI severity.Main outcomes and results: Index TBI severity approached significance in its relationship with RTBI, with persons with a severe index TBI experiencing events at a higher rate than those with a mild/moderate index TBI. Among the other covariates evaluated, epilepsy/seizure disorder, race, gend...
On the Fundamental Transverse Vibration Frequency of a Free-Free Thin Beam With Identical End Masses

Current research in vibration-based energy harvesting and in microelectromechanical system technology has focused renewed attention on the vibration of beams with end masses. This paper shows that the commonly accepted and frequently quoted fundamental natural frequency formula for a beam with identical end masses is incorrect. It is also shown that the higher mode frequency expressions suggested in the referred work (Haener, J., 1958, "Formulas for the Frequencies Including Higher Frequencies of Uniform Cantilever and Free-Free Beams With Additional Masses at the Ends," ASME J. Appl. Mech. 25, pp. 412) are also incorrect. The correct characteristic (frequency) equation is derived and nondimensional comparisons are made between the results of the previously published formula and the corrected formulation using Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions. The previous formula is shown to be accurate only for the extreme case of very large end mass to beam mass ratios. Curve fitting is used to report alternative first order and second order polynomial ratio expressions for the first natural frequency, as well as for the frequencies of some higher modes.
The effect of queuing representations on modeling transit signal priority systems in mixed mode operation

This paper examines quantitatively the effect of modeling assumptions on transit signal priority (TSP) control in mixed mode operation. The primary sources of delays to buses at intersections are queues formed at intersections (queuing delay) and traffic signals (signal delay). We show that models based on point queues and models based on spatial queues would lead to different control strategies and yield different results for the benefit to buses in terms of delay reduction. Situations in which the spatial content of queues is crucial to modeling TSP systems are identified in the paper. We conclude that given that models with the spatial queue representation are more realistic in capturing the queuing dynamics at intersections they should be incorporated in the decision-making process for initiating priority calls in a TSP system.
A laboratory procedure for determining the potency of toxoplasmins for skin testing.

SummaryDelayed skin reactivity has been induced in guinea pigs to soluble extracts of toxoplasmata grown in a stable line of monkey kidney tissues and combined with complete Freund's adjuvant. Sensitized guinea pigs exhibited intense delayed reactions to toxoplasmins derived from either infected mice or embryonated eggs. The possible use of this procedure for determining the potency of toxoplasmins of heterogeneous sources has been discussed.
Your vanishing vendors: Lessons from bank M&As

What should corporate clients of banks do during the current period of bank consolidations? The author of this article—a treasury consultant—says that lessons from bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) can be used by firms whose other vendors are also undergoing mergers. That includes vendors who provide information processing, financial transactions, accounting, tax preparation, and other services. Clients are facing the very real prospect of their long-term vendor relationships vanishing—to be replaced by unknown firms from another part of the globe. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of space charge neutralization using ions in electron beam projection optics

We have investigated, using Monte Carlo simulations, space charge neutralization using ions in a 4:1 telecentric doublet electron beam (e-beam) projection optics. The simulations were performed for two extreme conditions; one with ions moving at the same axial velocity as the e-beam, the other with stationary ions. For both conditions, global space charge effects; defocus, field curvature and magnification change are almost completely eliminated. Although the stochastic coulomb interaction is increased the total point spread which determines resolution can be decreased, because of the elimination of space charge induced spherical aberration. This suggests that space charge neutralization can reduce the global space charge effects without inducing unacceptable stochastic effects.
Hydrodynamics of diamond-shaped gradient nanopillar arrays for effective DNA translocation into nanochannels.

Effective DNA translocation into nanochannels is critical for advancing genome mapping and future single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies. We present the design and hydrodynamic study of a diamond-shaped gradient pillar array connected to nanochannels for enhancing the success of DNA translocation events. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging is utilized to interrogate the hydrodynamic interactions of the DNA with this unique structure, evaluate key DNA translocation parameters, including speed, extension, and translocation time, and provide a detailed mapping of the translocation events in nanopillar arrays coupled with 10 and 50 μm long channels. Our analysis reveals the important roles of diamond-shaped nanopillars in guiding DNA into as small as 30 nm channels with minimized clogging, stretching DNA to nearly 100% of their dyed contour length, inducing location-specific straddling of DNA at nanopillar interfaces, and modulating DNA speeds by pillar geometries. Importantly, all critical features dow...
The internal quaternary ammonium receptor site of Shaker potassium channels

Quaternary ammonium (QA) compounds inhibit K+ conductance by entering and occluding the open pore of voltage-activated K+ channels. We characterized the effects of a series of alkyl-triethylammonium blockers on the Shaker K+ channel and tested them on a series of site-directed mutants of the channel protein in order to define the structural features of the binding sites. We found that mutations in two regions of the channel protein, the pore (P) region and the last transmembrane sequence (S6), appear to alter QA binding, not through their effects on gating but perhaps through direct effects on the binding site. Several mutations in the P region affect tetraethylammonium binding but have minimal effects on longer blockers, suggesting that the hydrophobic tail contributes to binding in a nonadditive fashion. Binding of the longer blockers can be affected by varying the hydrophobicity of 1 residue within S6 by site-specific substitution, in a manner consistent with a direct hydrophobic interaction between the side chain at this site and the alkyl chains of the blocker.
A conceptual model for hydrothermal molecular sieve zeolite synthesis

Abstract The effort in this study has been to develop a mathematical model for hydrothermal molecular sieve synthesis which accounts for the dependence of nucleation and growth rates on the concentration of pseudocell equivalents in the slurry, in order to predict the relevant statistical parameters of the crystal product size distribution. The development is shown for both well mixed batch and continuous flow stirred tank zeolite crystallizers. It is shown that by treating the product as an inorganic polymer having a uniform morphology, the crystal product size distribution, all important statistical parameters, and other key quantities of interest in zeolite synthesis can be predicted by this type of model.
Microencapsulated drug delivery: a new approach to pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition

Context: This article reviews the use of albumin microcapsules 3–4 mm in size containing cytokine inhibiting drugs which include neutralizing antibodies to TNF and IL1, CNI-1493, antisense oligonucleotides to TNF and NF-kappaB, and the antioxidant catalase. Objective: Describe the effects, cellular uptake and distribution of microencapsulated drugs and the effect in both a peritonitis model of infection and a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Methods: The studies performed by our group are reviewed, the only such studies available. Results: Microencapsulation of these compounds produced high intracellular drug concentrations due to rapid uptake by phagocytic cells, including endothelial cells, without toxicity. All compounds produced excellent inhibition of TNF and IL1 resulting in improved animal survival in a peritonitis model of septic shock and inflammation in an arthritis model. Conclusion: Albumin microencapsulated pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibiting compounds are superior to equivalent concentration of these compounds administered in solution form.
The Response of a Terminated Two-Wire Line Suspended in Air Above a Semi-Infinite Dissipative Medium and Excited by a Plane-Wave RF Field Generated in Free Space

The analysis previously made to determine the response of a two-wire transmission line buried at constant depth near the earth-air interface when excited by a plane-wave electromagnetic field generated in free space is extended to include the case of the line suspended in air at a uniform distance above the earth's surface. The exciting field is the vector sum of the incident and reflected fields at the point midway between the line conductors. The polarization of the electric field is taken to be parallel to the wires, so that there is no pick up by the terminations. The objective of the study is to determine bounds for the current in specified load impedances in terms of the amplitude of the incident electric field evaluated at the surface of the earth.
4+ and 6+ core-excited states in 20Ne

Abstract Selective population of the 4 + and 6 + states at E x = 9.04 and 12.16 MeV, respectively, in the 12 C( 12 C,α 20 Ne reaction identifies those states as the 4 + and 6 + members of the first K π = 0 + core-excited band, whose lower members are the 0 + state at 7.20 MeV and the 2 + state at 7.83 MeV.
The role of solubility partition coefficient at the mixed matrix interface in the performance of mixed matrix membranes

Abstract The impact of the solubility partition coefficient at the matrix–filler interface on the effective diffusivity of mixed matrix systems has been calculated using effective medium theory. These predictions are able to explain trends in mixed matrix membrane performance reported in the literature. In particular, partition coefficients which favor sorption of the penetrants in the matrix phase over the dispersed phase, will lead to an increase in the selectivity of the MMM compared to that of the matrix, but will decrease the effective diffusion of the penetrant. On the other hand, partition coefficients, which favor sorption in the dispersed phase have the potential to enhance both selectivity and diffusion, although, to observe this particular effect, the volume fraction of the dispersed phase in the MMM needs to be above a certain threshold.
The inactivation of lactoperoxidase and the acyl phosphatase activity of oxidized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by phenylhydrazine and phenyldiimide

Abstract The acyl phosphatase activity catalyzed by the sulfenic acid form of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) is inactivated by phenylhydrazine, isopropylhydrazine, and phenyldiimide under anaerobic conditions. The hydrazines reactivate the dehydrogenase function of GPD and, therefore, reduce the sulfenic acid at the active site of the acyl phosphatase. Lactoperoxidase is also inactivated by phenylhydrazine, isopropylhydrazine, and phenyldiimide under anaerobic conditions. When lactoperoxidase is inactivated by an aerobic, aqueous solution of [ 14 C] phenylhydrazine 1 mole of phenylhydrazine is covalently bound per 40,000 g of lactoperoxidase.
Thymidine salvage changes with differentiation in human keratinocytes in vitro.

Abstract We compared the capacity of proliferating and differentiating keratinocytes to salvage and catabolize extracellular thymidine. Both populations of cells catabolized thymidine to thymine and possessed thymidine phosphorylase activity. As keratinocytes differentiate, thymidine phosphorylase activity ultimately increased twofold. In contrast, proliferating and differentiating keratinocytes differed markedly in their capacity to salvage extracellular thymidine. Proliferating keratinocytes readily salvaged extracellular thymidine to form nucleotides, whereas differentiating cells rapidly lost this capacity. The inability of differentiating cells to form nucleotides from thymidine was not attributed to reduced availability of thymidine due to catabolism but rather was the result of the rapid loss of thymidine kinase activity. As keratinocytes differentiate in suspension culture, they lose 41% of thymidine kinase activity in 8 h and over 90% of activity in 12 h. Our data indicate that loss of capacity to salvage extracellular thymidine for synthesis of nucleotides closely parallels the onset of differentiation in keratinocytes.
Perceptions among infertile couples of lifestyle behaviors and in vitro fertilization (IVF) success

To assess how patients perceive various lifestyle behaviors impact IVF success. Cross-sectional study of heterosexual, English-speaking couples (n = 138) who completed web-based surveys during IVF treatment cycle. Perceived impact of lifestyle choices assessed by multivariable logistic regression and p-value tests for linear trend (Pt). During the IVF cycle, most patients consider it helpful for women to exercise (76 %), avoid stress (87 %) and limit activity after embryo transfer (92 %). The majority of patients (62 %) consider rigorous exercise (4+ h/week) helpful and nearly one-third (32 %) perceive benefit to complete bed rest after transfer. Overall, couples with a sex-specific infertility diagnosis are more likely to consider partner’s lifestyle choices impactful: male-factor couples are more likely to consider it helpful for men to limit cellular phone use (OR:2.73,CI:1.06–7.04) and diminished ovarian reserve couples are more likely to consider it helpful for women to limit exposure to plastics (OR:2.38,CI:1.03–5.51). Patients at higher levels of education (Pt < 0.01) and income (Pt < 0.01) are less likely to consider lifestyle impactful. Patient perceptions of the impact of lifestyle factors on IVF success vary by sex, infertility diagnosis and socioeconomic factors. Despite counseling to the contrary, many patients perceive benefit to rigorous exercise during the IVF cycle and complete bedrest following transfer. Results provide insight into patient beliefs and highlight opportunities to improve patient education, alleviate patient anxieties and potentially improve IVF outcomes.
Tolerating denial-of-service attacks using overlay networks: impact of topology

Proxy-network based overlays have been proposed to protect Internet Applications against Denial-of-Service attacks by hiding an application's location. We study how a proxy network's topology influences the effectiveness of location-hiding. We present two theorems which quantitatively characterize when proxy networks are robust against attacks (attackers' impact can be quickly and completely removed), and when they are vulnerable to attacks (attackers' impact cannot be completely removed). Using these theorems, we study a range of proxy network topologies, and identify those topologies favorable for location-hiding and resisting Denial-of-Service attacks. We have found that popular overlay network topologies such as Chord [25], which has been suggested for location-hiding, is in fact not a favorable topology for such purposes; we have also shown that CAN [21], a less popular overlay network, can be a good topology for location-hiding. Our theoretical results provide a set of sound design principles on proxy networks used for location-hiding.
TECHNETIUM‐99M AND IODINE‐131 THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY IN NORMAL AND RADIOTHYROIDECTOMIZED COCKATIELS (NYMPHICUS HOLLANDICUS)

Thyroid scintigraphy using sodium 99mTechnetium pertechnetate (99TcO4-) was performed in normal and radiothyroidectomized cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). 131I scintigraphy was performed in the course of ablating the thyroid glands. The thyroid glands in normal birds were clearly visualized, but were not individually resolvable. Thyroid glands were not visualized in thyroid-ablated birds. With 99mTcO4 scans, thyroid (or other region of interest)/body count density ratios were used for comparisons of normal and thyroid-ablated birds. Normal 99mTcO4- thyroid/body ratios (mean +/− SD) for the dorsal and lateral views were 1.83 +/− 0.31 and 1.70 +/− 0.34 respectively. Pertechnetate thyroid/body count density ratios decreased (to 0.93 -/−0.14 and 0.88 +/− 0.12 for dorsal and lateral views respectively) after thyroid ablation, while crop/body ratios increased. 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy, therefore, was capable of detecting hypofunctional thyroid abnormalities in 131I radiothyroidectomized cockatiels.
Infinite dilution activity coefficients in hydrogen-bonded mixtures via molecular dynamics: the water/methanol system

Abstract The single charging integral method, recently employed to calculate residual chemical potential differences between water and methanol due to size, energy, and partial charge parameters, is extended to include the contributions due to the differences in molecular model geometry. The calculated infinite dilution activity coefficients for the binary are compared to their experimental values at 298 K. With the SPC water model and the methanol model of Van Leeuwen [Van Leeuwen and Smit, J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 831], the total calculated residual chemical potential difference between water and methanol agrees to within 2% of the experimental value. The residual chemical potential differences in the infinite dilution systems, however, disagree with experiment by 20 to 100%. The effect of deviations from the Lorentz–Berthelot combining rules for unlike site–site interactions is addressed. The delicate balance between electrostatic attraction and overlap repulsion is implicated in the disagreement between the calculated and experimental chemical potential differences.
Contrast attenuation factors for remote sensing

Attenuation factors for the contrast of objects lying on the earth's surface and observed through five different atmospheric models are calculated as a function of the wavelength (0.31-0.9935 µm), solar zenith angle, ground reflectivity, and the nadir and azimuth angles of view. The first model is free of aerosols and absorbing gases. Absorption by average amounts of oxygen, ozone, and water vapor is included in the remaining four models. The second model is also free of aerosols, but the last three models contain aerosols in the form of a spherical polydispersion made from a sabstance with a spectrally independent refractive index of 1.5-0.01 i. Models 3 and 4 are expected to represent, respectively, the average and strong turbid conditions encountered over large continental areas. Models 3 and 5 contain aerosols with different size distribution characteristics, but have the same amount of aerosol mass loading per unit horizontal area. The contrast attenuation factor is found to increase with an increase in wavelength and reflectivity of the surrounding surface, and a decrease in the atmospheric turbidity and gaseous attenuation. It also depicts strong azimuthal dependence especially for models illuminated by low-altitude solar radiation of longer wavelengths.
Selective depletion of caudate nucleus dopamine and serotonin during chronic manganese dioxide administration to squirrel monkeys.

Scimmie scoiattolo trattate cronicamente con MnO2 presentano disturbi del sistema extrapiramidale ed una riduzione delle concentrazioni di serotonina e dopamina nel nucleo caudato. L'intensita dei disturbi extrapiramidali e la riduzione della concentrazione delle amine nel caudato appaiono correlate.
Microbial release of 2,4-dichlorophenol bound to humic acid or incorporated during humification.

The microbial release of 14 C-labeled 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) bound to synthetic and natural humic materials or polymerized by enzymes was investigated to evaluate the possibility of future adverse effects if binding or polymerization is used for decontamination purposes. After 12 wk of incubation with microorganisms obtained from a forest soil, the amounts of substances released into the media were very small (maximum 2.2% of the initially bound 14 C) without regard to the kind of the polymer into which 14 C-DCP was incorporated