cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seismic Performance Assessment of Masonry Infilled Steel Frame Structures

Infilled steel frame structures are known to perform better as compared to infilled concrete frames under seismic loading. In comparison with masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, very little research has been done on masonry infilled steel frames structures. Contribution of masonry infill in the positive performance of the infilled structures is widely recognized but no codes provide the clear and detailed guidelines on the design of infilled frame structures especially infilled steel frame structures due to the complex and unpredictable behaviour of masonry during an earthquake event. This study aims to provide a detailed insight into the composite behaviour of steel frame structures with unreinforced masonry infill under seismic loading. Time history analyses have been performed on masonry infilled steel moment resisting frame structures and structural performance has been evaluated in terms of global structural performance parameters of fundamental time period, maximum roof displacement and base shear and local parameters of interstorey drift ratios, structural member forces and infill stresses. The effect of masonry infill on the performance of infilled steel moment resisting frames has been investigated by varying the number of bays, number of storeys, percentage opening in the infill wall, location of the opening, type of openings, number of openings, infill strength, outer frame strength and infill thickness. The results of this research will help to understand the complex behaviour of masonry infilled steel frames for different variations mentioned above.
Hypertension in CKD: Core Curriculum 2019.

Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are closely interlinked pathophysiologic states, such that sustained hypertension can lead to worsening kidney function and progressive decline in kidney function can conversely lead to worsening blood pressure (BP) control. The pathophysiology of hypertension in CKD is complex and is a sequela of multiple factors, including reduced nephron mass, increased sodium retention and extracellular volume expansion, sympathetic nervous system overactivity, activation of hormones including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and endothelial dysfunction. Currently, the treatment target for patients with CKD is a clinic systolic BP
Defense: A Survival Catalogue

A great variety of moths spend their days resting safely upon tree trunks, so perfectly matching the mottled bark that their very invisibility forms their defense. To repel honey thieves, some stingless social bees erect walls of sticky resin in front of or around the nest entrance, while other species smear a repugnant liquid there. Taking a more active and direct approach, pentatomid bugs earn their common name of ‘stink-bug’ from the odorous, distasteful chemical they discharge when disturbed.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Optimizing Care in Patients Receiving Anti-CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody Mogamulizumab.

Background Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), including subtypes mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS), represents a rare group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Mogamulizumab is a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to C-C chemokine receptor 4, which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells in T-cell malignancies, including MF/SS-type CTCL. Objectives This review identifies common diagnostic features of MF/SS, the efficacy and side effect profile of mogamulizumab, and practical management strategies for optimizing the nursing care of patients with MF/SS-type CTCL. Methods Case studies are used to describe the role of mogamulizumab in CTCL and to review practical considerations when administering mogamulizumab to patients. Findings Mogamulizumab is an effective treatment for adult patients with relapsed or refractory MF/SS-type CTCL who have received at least one prior systemic therapy. Infusion reactions and drug eruptions require prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Spilling Blood: Conflict and Culture over Animal Slaughter in Mongol Eurasia

During several periods of the Mongol Empire, the issue of how animals were to be slaughtered became a key point of contention between the Mongol elite and their Muslim subjects. The traditional Mongol method of slaughter prevented blood from being spilled into the ground, while Islamic and Jewish methods did. Despite being an ostensibly small issue, it remained a source of anxiety for Muslims as they adapted to the new reality of Mongol Rule. Furthermore, and while the tensions between the Mongols and Muslims over animal slaughter is well documented, there is no indication of any other groups facing similar persecution. The question is thus whether the variances in animal slaughter created strain via religious differences or whether it was caused by cultural differences concerning the treatment of animals. Indeed, while the Mongols’ reputation for ferocity was merited, it is also easy to forget that they did not perceive their animals (of all sorts) in the same way as most sedentary groups.
Ultra-Low-Power Current Sensor Utilizing Magnetoelectric Nanowires

The fabrication and characterization of an ultra-low power current sensor utilizing magnetoelectric lead zirconate titanate/nickel zinc ferrite (PZT-NZF) nanowires is presented. Low-cost, low-temperature, and post-CMOS-compatible fabrication methods were utilized in the fabrication of a nanowire array. This array was electrically and mechanically flip-chip bonded onto a printed circuit board (PCB) with a current trace. The PCB also contained a low-power amplification circuit to provide buffering and a gain of 10. Characterization of the sensor up to 70 mA showed a sensitivity of 3.24 mV/mA, sensitivity error of 1.16%, nonlinearity of 4%, noise floor of < 2 mA, and noise density of 8.4 nA Hz−1/2 at 1kHz. Lastly the only power consumption necessary for device operation was the power required for a low power op amp, 0.225 mW.
Laxity and Stability

At any flexion angle of the knee, if various forces are applied, there will be displacements or rotations of the femur on the tibia. These movements are called laxity. Close to the neutral position, small forces cause large motions, followed by gradual tightening before the boundary is reached. The laxities are necessary for normal knee function and need to be included in the design of an artificial knee. An important finding of this research was that if axial compressive forces were applied to the anatomic knee, the laxities considerably reduced, indicating that the bearing surfaces and the menisci, as well as the ligaments, were providing stability. This concept was the basis for some of the early artificial knee designs: if the artificial femoral and tibial surfaces were moderately conforming, they would provide normal stability, even if the cruciate ligaments were resected. The stability needed from the surfaces was reduced if one or both of the cruciate ligaments were retained. While most designs were symmetric, it was realized that the laxity on the medial side of the knee was much less than on the lateral, raising the question as to whether the artificial knee should be asymmetric. A further consideration was the axial laxity due to cartilage deformation, a factor not included even in today’s artificial knees.
Youth Soccer Parents' Perceptions of Long-Term Effects of Concussion .

Increased focus on sports-related concussion (SRC) in football in the media, and mandatory concussion education for parents of youth sport athletes, may result in parental concern that youth athletes will experience long-term effects from concussion. We sought to identify beliefs about long-term effects of concussion in parents of youth soccer athletes. Four hundred and eleven parents from soccer leagues in three states completed a survey assessing parents' perceptions and knowledge of long-term effects of SRC. Nearly all youth soccer parents surveyed (96.5%) believe there are long-term effects from SRCs, 76% reported concern their child would sustain a concussion, and 71% had talked with their child about concussion symptoms/reporting. Parents ranked tackle football as having the highest risk for concussion, followed by soccer, ice hockey, cheerleading, and lacrosse. Parents of children that had previously sustained a concussion were 8.3x more likely to be concerned their child would sustain a concussion, and parents with a personal history of concussion were 2x more likely to consider not allowing their child to participate in youth sports. There are wide-spread beliefs among youth soccer parents regarding long-term effects of SRCs, and concerns their children will sustain concussions while participating in youth sports.
Predicting Nasal Soft Tissue Envelope Thickness for Rhinoplasty: A Model Based on Visual Examination of the Nose.

Importance:Predicting nasal soft tissue envelope (STE) thickness is an important component of the preoperative evaluation for rhinoplasty that presently lacks validated tools.Objective:Assess for p...
Thermo-economic analyses of isothermal water gas shift reactor integrations into IGCC power plant

Abstract Thermodynamic performance and economics of integrating three different types of isothermal water gas shift (WGS) reactors into integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants have been analyzed and compared to an IGCC with adiabatic WGS reactors. Isothermal shifting has shown to shift the steam generation from intermediate pressure (IP) steam towards high pressure (HP) steam. More HP steam generation leads to increased power output of the Rankine cycle and ultimately increases efficiency. Another factor impacting the efficiency is the amount of shift steam added to the WGS reactor. By lowering the amount of shift steam needed, more power is generated by the Rankine cycle. Shift steam requirement is reduced at higher temperatures which is favorable for HP steam generation. Integrating an isothermal WGS reactor into an IGCC remains challenging in cases of high carbon capture as thermodynamic equilibrium favors CO conversion at lower temperatures. The relatively low cooling density when HP boiler feedwater is used in the isothermal reactor poses economic challenges as it increases reactor size and catalyst requirement. Using the Ro-number to optimize the isothermal WGS reactor offers the best economic results with reduced capital cost, operating cost and cost of electricity.
From Power and Privilege to Dignity and Respect: Developing a Theory of Species Stratification and Interspecies Dominance

Traditional conservation scientists approach conservation conflict from a resource-management perspective, in which both wildlife and non-living natural resources are managed to balance the interests of competing human stakeholders. We instead consider conflict between the powerful and less powerful humans and wildlife alike. Applying tenets of social dominance theory to ecological networks, we propose that socio-political power structures that marginalize human populations – denying voice and inclusion – may align with similar neglect of wildlife species. Considering nonhuman species as collections of agentic beings seeking to satisfy their own survival interests and that of their respective "social" group, we connect the subjects of social justice and ecological justice through common challenges rooted in the social psychology of power.
'Say What?' Using Interpreters on Children's Cases

Much attention has been paid over the years to training lawyers on best practices for representing children, but scant attention has been paid to the proper representation of non-English speaking children. Recent changes to U.S. immigration policy and practice, however, have thrust this extra-vulnerable client population into the legal spotlight, and children’s lawyers are increasingly being called upon to provide legal services to clients who require translation or interpretation. This article provides some essential practice points and resources to help children’s lawyers improve outcomes in cases involving children and other family members who are not fluent in English.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Tumor Mutational Burden, and Genetic Alterations in Microsatellite Unstable, Microsatellite Stable, or Mutant POLE/POLD1 Colon Cancer

PURPOSETo characterize the relationship between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and genetic alterations in microsatellite stable (MSS), microsatellite instabili...
KnitUI: Fabricating Interactive and Sensing Textiles with Machine Knitting

With the recent interest in wearable electronics and smart garments, digital fabrication of sensing and interactive textiles is in increasing demand. Recently, advances in digital machine knitting offer opportunities for the programmable, rapid fabrication of soft, breathable textiles. In this paper, we present KnitUI, a novel, accessible machine-knitted user interface based on resistive pressure sensing. Employing conductive yarns and various machine knitting techniques, we computationally design and automatically fabricate the double-layered resistive sensing structures as well as the coupled conductive connection traces with minimal manual post-processing. We present an interactive design interface for users to customize KnitUI’s colors, sizes, positions, and shapes. After investigating design parameters for the optimized sensing and interactive performance, we demonstrate KnitUI as a portable, deformable, washable, and customizable interactive and sensing platform. It obtains diverse applications, including wearable user interfaces, tactile sensing wearables, and artificial robot skin.
Scedosporium and Lomentospora Infections Are Infrequent, Difficult to Diagnose by Histology, and Highly Virulent.

OBJECTIVE To further characterize the histomorphology and clinicopathologic features of colonization and invasive disease by Scedosporium and Lomentospora. METHODS We conducted a 20-year retrospective study. Patients with at least 1 histopathology specimen and concurrent culture were included. Clinical features, histopathology, microbiology, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Eighteen patients were identified, and all were immunocompromised. Eight patients had colonization, while 10 had invasive disease (pneumonia [n = 3], skin and soft-tissue infections [n = 3], disseminated disease [n = 4]). Scedosporium apiospermum was identified in 15 patients, Lomentospora prolificans in 2 patients, and Scedosporium ellipsoideum in 1 patient. Fungal elements were identified histologically in 11 patients. Granulomatous, suppurative, and necrotizing inflammation with irregular branching hyphae and characteristic microconidia were observed in 9 cases; conidiogenous cells were identified in 4 cases. Seven patients died of invasive disease despite therapy, and 3 recovered after treatment. No deaths were observed in patients with colonization. CONCLUSIONS Scedosporium and Lomentospora are rare, virulent opportunistic fungal pathogens. Fungal morphology may overlap with other hyaline molds, but identification of obovoid conidia should allow a diagnosis of non-Aspergillus hyalohyphomycosis and consideration of Scedosporium and Lomentospora. Histopathologic correlation with culture and polymerase chain reaction is critical for diagnosis and treatment.
Geographic disparities in heart transplantation persist under the new allocation policy.

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the impact of the 2018 heart allocation policy change on geographic disparities in United States orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). METHODS The United Network for Organ Sharing registry was queried to measure geographic disparity in OHT rates between pre-policy and post-policy change eras. We performed multilevel Poisson regression to measure region-level OHT rates. We derived an allocation priority-adjusted median incidence rate ratio (MIRR) for each policy era, a measure of median change in OHT rates between regions. RESULTS 5958.78 waitlist person-years were analyzed, comprising 6596 OHT procedures (3890 pre-policy and 2706 post-policy). Median region-level OHT rate was .94 transplants/person-years before and 1.51 transplants/person-years after the policy change (P < .001). The unadjusted OHT MIRR across regions was 1.29 (95% CI 1.00-1.50) pre-policy change and 1.17 (95% CI 1.00-1.43) post-policy change, suggesting that the region-related variance in OHT rates decreased under the new allocation. After adjustment for allocation priority risk factors, the MIRR pre-policy change was 1.13 (95% CI 1.01-1.32) and post-policy change was 1.15 (95% CI 1.00-1.35). CONCLUSIONS Geography accounts for ∼10% of the disparity among United States OHT rates. Despite broader heart sharing, the updated allocation policy did not substantially alter the existing geographic disparities among OHT recipients.
Posterodorsal Medial Amygdala Regulation of Female Social Behavior: GABA versus Glutamate Projections.

Social behaviors, including reproductive behaviors, often display sexual dimorphism. Lordosis, the measure of female sexual receptivity, is one of the most apparent sexually dimorphic reproductive behaviors. Lordosis is regulated by estrogen and progesterone (P4) acting within a hypothalamic-limbic circuit, consisting of the arcuate, medial preoptic, and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. Social cues are integrated into the circuit through the amygdala. The posterodorsal part of the medial amygdala (MeApd) is involved in sexually dimorphic social and reproductive behaviors, and sends projections to hypothalamic neuroendocrine regions. GABA from the MeApd appears to facilitate social behaviors, while glutamate may play the opposite role. To test these hypotheses, adult female vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)-Cre and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2)-Cre mice were transfected with halorhodopsin (eNpHR)-expressing or channelrhodopsin-expressing adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), respectively, in the MeApd. The lordosis quotient (LQ) was measured following either photoinhibition of VGAT or photoexcitation of VGluT2 neurons, and brains were assessed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry (IHC). Photoinhibition of VGAT neurons in the MeApd decreased LQ, and decreased c-Fos expression within VGAT neurons, within the MeApd as a whole, and within the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus (VMHvl). Photoexcitation of VGluT2 neurons did not affect LQ, but did increase time spent self-grooming, and increased c-Fos expression within VGluT2 neurons in the MeApd. Neither condition altered c-Fos expression in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) or the arcuate nucleus (ARH). These data support a role for MeApd GABA in the facilitation of lordosis. Glutamate from the MeApd does not appear to be directly involved in the lordosis circuit, but appears to direct behavior away from social interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lordosis, the measure of female sexual receptivity, is a sexually dimorphic behavior regulated within a hypothalamic-limbic circuit. Social cues are integrated through the amygdala, and the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdala (MeApd) is involved in sexually dimorphic social and reproductive behaviors. Photoinhibition of GABAergic neurons in the MeApd inhibited lordosis, while photoactivation of glutamate neurons had no effect on lordosis, but increased self-grooming. These data support a role for MeApd GABA in the facilitation of social behaviors and MeApd glutamate projections in anti-social interactions.
Intercultural Computing Education: Toward Justice Across Difference

Even in the turn toward justice-oriented pedagogy, computing education tends to overlook the quality of intergroup relationships, which risks entrenching division. In this article, we establish an ...
Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: A Scoping Review

Importance Virtual reality in head-mounted displays (HMD-VR) may be a valuable tool in occupational therapy to address anxiety. Findings from the virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) literature may facilitate translation of HMD-VR to occupational therapy psychosocial practice. Objective To explore how HMD-VR has been used to treat anxiety through VRET and could be translated to occupational therapy. Data sources We searched seven electronic databases for articles published between 2000 and 2020: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, ERIC, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Search terms included HMD-VR constructs, products, and therapy concepts. Study Selection and Data Collection: We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to report studies implementing VRET to treat anxiety. At least two reviewers assessed each citation, and a third resolved disagreements. Articles were included if they were in English, reported experimental data, and used HMD-VR. Letters, commentaries, book chapters, technical descriptions, theoretical papers, conference proceedings (≤4 pages), and reviews were excluded. Findings Twenty-eight studies used HMD-VR to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 3), specific phobias (n = 19), and performance-based social anxiety (n = 6); protocols and levels of evidence varied (randomized controlled trials, n = 11; controlled trials without randomization, n = 6; case-control or cohort studies, n = 11). Qualitative examination indicates HMD-VR is an effective treatment tool. Conclusions and relevance HMD-VR can be a valuable tool for occupational therapy to simulate environments where clients with anxiety disorders participate. Eliciting presence through multisensory features and body representation may enhance outcomes. What This Article Adds: Drawing from the VRET literature, this scoping review suggests that HMD-VR can be used by occupational therapy practitioners to simulate ecologically valid environments, evaluate client responses to fearful stimuli, and remediate anxiety though immersion in virtual tasks when participation in natural contexts is unfeasible. Having ecologically valid environments is particularly important for people with anxiety disorders because they need support to cope when they encounter triggers in everyday life environments.
Ab Initio Studies of Hydrogen Bonding

Rapid technological advances in computing over the last decade have opened up new opportunities for the application of molecular orbital procedures to chemical problems. Coupled to the increase in raw speed and power of the hardware, incorporation of new methodology into the programs has brought dramatic improvements in the level of theory which may be applied to a given system.
STUDIES IN VITRO ON SINGLE BEATING RAT-HEART CELLS. III. ENZYME CHANGES AND LOSS OF SPECIFIC FUNCTION IN CULTURE.

Abstract 1. 1. Postnatal rat-hear cells were cultured in vitro and were shown to beat for about 10 days with a subsequent loss of detectable beating properties. 2. 2. The calcium adenosine 5′-triphosphatase (ATP-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) activity in cultured cells remained high till the beating stopped at which point it decreased to a very low level. 3. 3. The decrease in Ca-activated ATPase activity does not appear to be due to a selective overgrowth by non-beating cells. 4. 4. Malate and isocitrate dehydrogenase ( L -malate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37 and L s-isocitrate: NAD oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.41) and creatine kinase (ATP: creatine phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) activity decreased, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( D -glucose-6-phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49)_activity increased and the level of hexokinase (ATP: D -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) activity remained constant. All of these changes occurred during the early period of growth when the level of Ca-activated ATPase was high. This indicates that these changes occurred in the cultured heart cells.
Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society

This essay argues that digital technologies alter the social conditions of speech and therefore should change the focus of free speech theory from a Meiklejohnian or republican concern with protecting democratic process and democratic deliberation to a larger concern with protecting and promoting a democratic culture. A democratic culture is a culture in which individuals have a fair opportunity to participate in the forms of meaning - making that constitute them as individuals. Democratic culture is about individual liberty as well as collective self-governance; it concerns each individual's ability to participate in the production and distribution of culture. The essay argues that Meiklejohn and his followers were influenced by the social conditions of speech produced by the rise of mass media in the twentieth century, in which only a relative few could broadcast to large numbers of people. Republican or progressivist theories of free speech also tend to downplay the importance of nonpolitical expression, popular culture, and individual liberty. The limitations of this approach have become increasingly apparent in the age of the Internet. By changing the social conditions of speech, digital technologies lead to new social conflicts over the ownership and control of informational capital. The free speech principle is the battleground over many of these conflicts. For example, media companies have interpreted the free speech principle broadly to combat regulation of digital networks and narrowly in order to protect and expand their intellectual property rights. The digital age greatly expands the possibilities for individual participation in the growth and spread of culture, and thus greatly expands the possibilities for the realization of a truly democratic culture. But the same technologies also produce new methods of control that can limit democratic cultural participation. Therefore, free speech values - interactivity, mass participation, and the ability to modify and transform culture - must be protected through technological design and through administrative and legislative regulation of technology, as well as through the more traditional method of judicial creation and recognition of constitutional rights. Increasingly, freedom of speech will depend on the design of the technological infrastructure that supports the system of free expression and secures widespread democratic participation. Institutional limitations of courts will prevent them from reaching the most important questions about how that infrastructure is designed and implemented. Safeguarding freedom of speech will increasingly fall to legislatures, administrative agencies, and technologists.
In Computation, Parallel is Nothing, Physical Everything

Andrew Boucher (1997) argues that ``parallel computation is fundamentally different from sequential computation'' (p. 543), and that this fact provides reason to be skeptical about whether AI can produce a genuinely intelligent machine. But parallelism, as I prove herein, is irrelevant. What Boucher has inadvertently glimpsed is one small part of a mathematical tapestry portraying the simple but undeniable fact that physical computation can be fundamentally different from ordinary, ``textbook'' computation (whether parallel or sequential). This tapestry does indeed immediately imply that human cognition may be uncomputable.
Decitabine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are challenging to treat, given the advanced median age and comorbidities of the population. For most patients, the standard therapy is supportive care, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, red blood cell/platelet transfusions, and growth factors. Decitabine, a hypomethylating agent that allows for the re-expression of tumor suppressor genes, represents an exciting new treatment option for MDS patients. In phase 2 and 3 studies, decitabine has been associated with durable responses in MDS patients and delayed time to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation or death compared with supportive care. Decitabine has been shown to be well tolerated with a toxicity profile expected for this class of agent. Recent studies also suggest that lower dose schedules of decitabine may result in additional improvements in response. As more is learned about the mechanism of hypomethylating agents, new roles are emerging for decitabine in combination therapy for MDS and in other hematologic malignancies such as AML.
Impact of anatomical variations in ventricular shape on non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging

Non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) combines body surface electrocardiographic information with anatomical data to estimate electrical dynamics of the heart on the surface or transmurally across the depth of the myocardium. As a standard practice, ECGI techniques rely on anatomically detailed heart and torso models derived from high quality tomographic data. This practice not only imposes high demands on the image quality and processing, it is also associated with some degree of variations and uncertainty due to image quality, inter/intra-individual variability in segmentation and the differences in segmentation techniques. Though the importance of global anatomical parameters on the accuracy of ECGI solutions are established, the role of local variations in anatomical details remains unknown. In this study, we address this problem by designing an approach to statistically analyze the impact of local variations in ventricular models on the diagnostic accuracy of ECGI methods. It is achieved by developing a set of ventricular models with locally different anatomical details from trained statistical shape models, followed by performing a statistical hypothesis test of equivalence on the ECGI outputs. Two of the existing ECGI methods on epicardial and transmural potential imaging are used in our phantom and real-data experiments. Both experiments for two ECGI methods report statistically equivalency of ECGI diagnostic accuracy except for practically irrelevant differences on ventricular models with local variations. This finding is important in changing the standard practice and facilitating the clinical translation of ECGI research.
The testability of a reconfigurable fault-tolerant system

The testability of a new form of dynamic redundancy technique which uses the reconfigurability property of a voting device, called a two-level error masking circuit, 2-EMC, is investigated. The block design concepts are used to construct the dynamic fault-tolerant system and to generate test patterns for the dynamic system. The on-line fault detection mechanism is incorporated with the system by using content addressable memory, CAM, which contains a fault dictionary of the dynamic system. The CAM facilitates the testing procedure of the dynamic system. The proposed design is found to be testable and a fast test patterns algorithm is given. >
A Review of “The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church”: Mannion, Gerard, and Mudge, Lewis S. (Eds.). (2008). New York: Routledge, 704 pp., $199.00

The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church (hereafter referred to as Companion) introduces readers to the fundamental historical, systematic, moral, and ecclesiological aspects of the study of...
Automotive electrical systems: architecture and components

Automotive electrical power systems that address the demands of increased electrical power, improved fuel economy and reduced emissions are discussed. Considerations related to high-efficiency automotive electrical power systems such as the selection of the types of electrical machines and power converters, selection of system voltages, battery voltage equalization, load management, energy management, regenerative braking, centralized and distributed power system architectures, DC and AC power distribution systems, and multiplexing are also discussed.
A Computational Study of Time Reversal Techniques for Ultra-Wideband Microwave Hyperthermia Treatment of Breast Cancer

We present a computational study of the application of time reversal (TR) principles to microwave hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer. A wideband source is excited at the tumor location (the desired focus) in an electromagnetic (EM) simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the transmitted wave is recorded at multiple antenna locations. The FDTD-computed signals are time reversed for transmission into the breast. The same set of FDTD-computed signals is also used in a comparative investigation of a space-time beamforming technique, which has been previously studied for microwave hyperthermia. We discuss the relation between these two approaches, and compare the focusing efficacy and heating selectivity of the TR and beamforming approaches using FDTD EM and thermal simulations with anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms. Promising results from both methods are obtained.
SEDIMENT BUDGET FORMULATION VIA EXHAUSTIVE SEARCH METHOD

A regional sediment budget for St. Augustine Inlet and St. Johns County, Florida, was developed for the 1999 to 2010 period. Development of the sediment budget had three main objectives: characterize the transport pathways and magnitudes for the 1999 to 2010 period, compare to an earlier sediment budget for 1974 to 1995 (Srinivas and Taylor 1998), and provide input to numerical modeling of the region (Reports 2 and 3, Beck and Legault 2012a,b). An innovative method was developed to create an inlet sediment budget using high quality measured volume changes for an inlet and beach system. Methods described in the Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM-V-6 2008) and Bodge (1999) were applied to determine the extent of inlet influence along the adjacent beaches, the total inlet sink, and a regional sediment budget for a given set of measured volume changes occurring at St. Augustine Inlet in northeast Florida, U.S.A.
Altered molecular properties of tubulin in a multidrug‐resistant variant of Chinese hamster cells selected for resistance to vinca alkaloids

The basis for the markedly altered intracellular binding of [3H]vincristine in a multidrug-resistant variant (DC-3F/VCRd-5L) of Chinese hamster lung cells (DC-3F) was investigated. Binding of [3H]vincristine by protein in cytosol derived from each cell type exhibited a differing requirement for GTP in MgCl2 containing buffer of low-ionic strength. Binding of [3H]vincristine occurred to cytosolic protein derived from both variant and parental DC-3F cells, but after removal of GTP, binding only occurred to cytosolic protein from parental cells regardless of the presence of added GTP. Although binding by cytosolic protein from parental DC-3F cells did not require GTP, the addition of 0.1 mM GTP increased by two-fold the rate and extent of binding. When cytosol from variant and parental DC-3F cells was incubated with low concentrations of [3H]vincristine in high-ionic strength buffer and analyzed by molecular-sieve HPLC, most of the protein binding [3H]vincristine in parentally derived cytosol eluted as Mr 110,000-115,000 daltons, corresponding to that for dimeric tubulin. The same binding species was not detected in cytosol derived from variant cells. However, these same fractions derived with both parental and variant cytosols contained tubulin as shown by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. A smaller peak of [3H]vincristine binding and an amount of tubulin equal to that found in later fractions were found in the void volume during the same HPLC elution runs with cytosol from both variant and parental DC-3F cells. Evidence was also obtained for differences between parental and variant DC-3F cells in beta-tubulin isoforms following isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. Parental-cell cytosol contains a single isoform of beta-tubulin. However, in variant cell cytosol the same isoform and, in addition, three more basic isoforms were found. These alterations in [3H]vincristine binding and in isoform compositions of beta-tubulin in variant versus parental DC-3F cells may have importance in regard to vincristine resistance in DC-3F cells.
Dissonance-based Interventions for the Prevention of Eating Disorders: Using Persuasion Principles to Promote Health

The limited efficacy of prior eating disorder (ED) prevention programs led to the development of dissonance-based interventions (DBIs) that utilize dissonance-based persuasion principles from social psychology. Although DBIs have been used to change other attitudes and behaviors, only recently have they been applied to ED prevention. This article reviews the theoretical rationale and empirical support for this type of prevention program. Relative to assessment-only controls, DBIs have produced greater reductions in ED risk factors, ED symptoms, future risk for onset of threshold or subthreshold EDs, future risk for obesity onset, and mental health utilization, with some effects persisting through 3-year follow-up. DBIs have also produced significantly stronger effects than alternative interventions for many of these outcomes, though these effects typically fade more quickly. A meta-analysis indicated that the average effects for DBIs were significantly stronger than those for non-DBI ED prevention programs that have been evaluated. DBIs have produced effects when delivered to high-risk samples and unselected samples, as well as in efficacy and effectiveness trials conducted by six independent labs, suggesting that the effects are robust and that DBIs should be considered for the prevention of other problems, such as smoking, substance abuse, HIV, and diabetes care.
A method for investigating net water fluxes across individual proximal tubules.

SummaryA method has been described for measuring net rate of water movement across single tubules of rat kidney in situ. Water is reabsorbed at a rate of 9.3 ± 1.3 μ3/μ2 proximal tubular surface/hr. Possible criticisms of the method have been discussed.
Pressure-induced disproportionation of cesium iodide

X-ray diffraction and electrical conductivity measurements demonstrate that CsI undergoes pressure-induced, high-temperature decomposition to its constituent elements at pressures exceeding 45 GPa. Our results provide a natural explanation for the apparent discrepancy between previous shock-wave and static compression measurements performed on CsI. Also, our observations imply that the metallic phase of CsI is metastable and that changes in the electronic properties of the heavy alkali metals at high pressures strongly decrease the tendency of these elements to form ionic compounds.
Rates of convergence of control polygons

It is well known (cf. [Farin '77] for a proof) that the sequence of control polygons associated with the Bernstein-Bezier representation of a curve using polynomials of degree n converges to the curve as n goes to infinity. Similarly, it was shown in [Lane & Riesenfeld '80] that if a uniform floating B-spline curve is uniformly refined, then the resulting sequence of control polygons also converges to the curve. In this paper we present a simple general method for treating such convergence questions which actually provides precise rates of convergence. We illustrate the method by applying it to B-spline curves which are refined by increasing the degrees and/or refining the knot sequences.
A four-dimensional inversion of the acoustic tomography, satellite altimetry and in situ data using Quasigeostrophic constraints

A least square dynamically constrained inversion algorithm (DCIA) is developed for monitoring open ocean eddies in the regions, where open boundaries are the major sources of model forecast uncertainties on time scales larger than one week. We employ a finite-difference quasigeostrophic numerical model to constrain evolution of the ocean state. The inversion algorithm is based upon minimization of a quadratic cost function in the space of initial and boundary conditions for quasigeostrophic equations. The problem is regularized by enforcing smoothness in the fields of vorticity, buoyancy, and vertical velocity. We demonstrate that quasigeostrophic currents in an open ocean 1000 × 1000 km region can be effectively reconstructed using acoustic tomography and satellite altimetry data supported by additional sources of information. Performance of the algorithm is tested in the framework of twin-data experiments and then applied to the real observations. The analyzed observations span over the period of two mo...
Effect of display movement on tactile pattern perception.

The effect of display movement on the ability of subjects to rec ognize alphabetic shapes tactually was investigated. The display consisted of a computer-controlled 8-by-6 array of small airjet stimulators that could be physically translated in a small circle by means of a mechanical linkage. The experimental parameters were the stimulus duration, the angular velocity of the display, and the amplitude of the rotation. Recognition accuracy increased with stimulus duration between 100 and 400 msec. For a rotation amplitude of 0.8 cm, a maximum in recognition accuracy occurred at a rotation velocity of 400 rpm, or 150 msec. per revolution. The optimum angular velocity appeared to decrease as the amplitude of rotation increased. From these results and certain related neurophysiological evidence, a hypothetical model is suggested which qualitatively can account for the data.
Bayesian parametric approach for multichannel adaptive signal detection

This paper considers the problem of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) in non-homogeneous environments, where the disturbance covariance matrices of the training and test signals are assumed random and different with each other. A Bayesian detection statistic is proposed by incorporating the randomness of the disturbance covariance matrices, utilizing a priori knowledge, and exploring the inherent Block-Toeplitz structure of the spatial-temporal covariance matrix. Specifically, the Block-Toeplitz structure of the covariance matrix allows us to model the training signals as a multichannel auto-regressive (AR) process and hence, develop the Bayesian parametric adaptive matched filter (B-PAMF) to mitigate the training requirement and alleviate the computational complexity. Simulation using both simulated multichannel AR data and the challenging KASSPER data validates the effectiveness of the B-PAMF in non-homogeneous environments.
Small molecule directed aggregation of a heme peptide on gold: an STM study.

Microperoxidase 11 was adsorbed on Au(111) from basic aqueous solutions containing pure heme peptide and co-added stoichiometric amounts of exogenous neutral and ionic ligands. The addition of small molecules to MP11 produced different aggregate structures that were easily differentiated by STM. In the absence of a complexing agent, the MP-11 formed large clusters of metallopeptide molecules on the gold surface. With neutral imidazole in solution the MP11 aggregated into regular elongated structures (nano-epis) on the substrate. When S(2-) is used as coupling agent, single heme peptide molecules are isolated with identifiable porphyrin ring and substructure in the peptide chain.
A Novel In Vivo Measurement of Three-Dimensional Lumbar Facet Joint Orientation and Area

Changes in load transmission through facet and facet orientation have been considered as an important factor in intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritic changes of the facet joint. (1)(2)(3) Facet joint surface area and orientation of the facets play key roles in load transmission. Their information is important for designing implants of the spine. They have been 2-dimentionally measured using CT and MRI. (4)(5) The purpose of the current study was to establish a three-dimensional (3D) technique for measuring lumbar facet joint area and orientation in vivo.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Psychometric Characteristics of a Preemployment Screening Device

Compu-Scan is a preemployment screening device which considers a job applicant's potential for such undesirable behaviors as substance abuse, theft, and violation of company policy to assign an ove...
Genetic variation in the marbled lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus in Lake Victoria and introduction to Lake Baringo, Kenya

Marbled lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus in Lake Victoria and two nearby smaller lakes were found to have high levels of DNA sequence variation in their mitochondrial control regions (35 haplotypes in 61 fish) but no population genetic structure (Φ ST = 0·00). In contrast, marbled lungfish in Lake Baringo, Kenya, appeared to be fixed for a single control region haplotype, which occurred at low frequency in the other lakes. Using FLUCTUATE software, the female effective population size in Lake Victoria during the late Pleistocene was estimated to be c. 500 000, similar to the value estimated for the present-day population. These observations suggest that, during the late Pleistocene dry period, a large marbled lungfish population survived either in wet refugial areas within the lake basin or in surrounding areas. Marbled lungfish were reported to have been introduced into Lake Baringo 30 years ago with a founding population of only three individuals. The lack of control region variation in the Lake Baringo population is consistent with that situation.
Placental transfer of selected substances of abuse.

The placenta was classically considered a barrier, but in 1957 this notion was shattered. This organ is only a selective filter and metabolic site. In this review, the placental transfer of the top 17 substances of abuse are analyzed. In the National Library of Medicine only 41 papers that documented placental transfer of the major substances of abuse could be located, and these data excluded approximately one-sixth of the most commonly abused substances. Nonetheless, it was possible to evaluate placental transfer of all substances of abuse based on their physical chemical properties. It is with despair that it must be reported that virtually all substances of abuse freely cross the placenta, exposing the embryo/fetus to whatever substance the mother may be using.
A generalized linear mixed model analysis of a multi-vessel fishery resource survey

Abstract A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) that treats year and spatial cell as fixed effects while treating vessel as a random effect is used to examine fishing power among chartered industry-based vessels and a research trawler, the FRV Miller Freeman, for bottom trawl surveys on the upper continental slope of U.S. West coast. A Bernoulli distribution is used to model the probability of a non-zero haul and the gamma distribution to model the non-zero catch rates of four groundfish species. The use of vessel as a random effect allows the data for the various vessels to be combined and a single continuous time-series of biomass indices to be developed for stock assessment purposes. The GLMMs fit the data reasonably well. Among the different models examined, the GLMM incorporating a random vessel × year effect had the smallest ΔAIC and was thus chosen as the best model. Also, estimated random effects coefficients associated with the industry-based vessels and the FRV Miller Freeman for each year suggests that these vessels can be assumed to be from a common random effects distribution. These results suggest that combining data from the chartered industry-based vessels and from the research trawler may be appropriate to develop indices of abundance for stock assessment purposes. Finally, an evaluation of variances associated with abundance indices from the different models indicate that analyzing these data as a fixed effect GLM may underestimate the level of variability due to ignoring the grouped nature of tows within vessels. As such, use of a mixed model approach with vessel as a random effect is a reasonable approach to developing abundance indices and their variances.
Vibrating RF MEMS Overview: Applications to Wireless Communications

Micromechanical RF filters and reference oscillators based on recently demonstrated vibrating on-chip micromechanical resonators with Q's >10,000 at 1.5 GHz, are described as an attractive solution to the increasing count of RF components (e.g., filters) expected to be needed by future multi-band wireless devices. With Q's this high in on-chip abundance, such devices might also enable a paradigm-shift in transceiver design where the advantages of high-Q are emphasized, rather than suppressed, resulting in enhanced robustness and power savings. An overview of the latest in vibrating RF MEMS technology is presented with an addendum on remaining issues to be addressed for insertion into tomorrow's handsets.