cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Importance of Cross-Sector Interactions When Projecting Forest Carbon across Alternative Socioeconomic Futures

In recent decades, the carbon sink provided by the U.S. forest sector has offset a sizable portion of domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the future, the magnitude of this sink has important implications not only for projected U.S. net GHG emissions under a reference case but also for the cost of achieving a given mitigation target. The larger the contribution of the forest sector towards reducing net GHG emissions, the less mitigation is needed from other sectors. Conversely, if the forest sector begins to contribute a smaller sink, or even becomes a net source, mitigation requirements from other sectors may need to become more stringent and costlier to achieve economy wide emissions targets. There is acknowledged uncertainty in estimates of the carbon sink provided by the U.S. forest sector, attributable to large ranges in the projections of, among other things, future economic conditions, population growth, policy implementation, and technological advancement. We examined these drivers in the context of an economic model of the agricultural and forestry sectors, to demonstrate the importance of cross-sector interactions on projections of emissions and carbon sequestration. Using this model, we compared detailed scenarios that differ in their assumptions of demand for agriculture and forestry products, trade, rates of (sub)urbanization, and limits on timber harvest on protected lands. We found that a scenario assuming higher demand and more trade for forest products resulted in increased forest growth and larger net GHG sequestration, while a scenario featuring higher agricultural demand, ceteris paribus led to forest land conversion and increased anthropogenic emissions. Importantly, when high demand scenarios are implemented conjunctively, agricultural sector emissions under a high income-growth world with increased livestock-product demand are fully displaced by substantial GHG sequestration from the forest sector with increased forest product demand. This finding highlights the potential limitations of single-sector modeling approaches that ignore important interaction effects between sectors.
Smithsonite flotation with lauryl phosphate

Abstract Smithsonite, the most abundant nonsulfide zinc mineral, has attracted growing attention due to the demand for zinc and the exhaustion of traditional sulfide zinc resources. Traditional flotation techniques are not efficient and do not easily separate smithsonite from other carbonate minerals, such as calcite. In this regard, lauryl phosphate was evaluated as a flotation collector with respect to physicochemical aspects, which include surface charge, wettability, and flotation performance by the examination of contact angle, zeta potential, sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), and flotation experimental results, as well as interaction energy calculations. The contact angle, zeta potential, and SFG results indicate that lauryl phosphate prefers to adsorb at the smithsonite surface when compared to calcite. The microflotation and interaction energy results further confirmed that an obvious flotation difference was observed between smithsonite and calcite, using lauryl phosphate between pH 5 and pH 9. However, the use of the typical collector, dodecylamine, results in no significant difference between smithsonite and calcite flotation recovery as a function of pH. These findings provide a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of lauryl phosphate as an effective collector in recovering smithsonite from oxide zinc ores.
Fetal wound healing

Abstract Cutaneous wound healing is an active and clinically relevant area of research. Issues related to wound healing, including chronic wounds and excessive scarring, are commonly observed in patients. In mature skin, wounds heal through a series of events that include inflammation, proliferation, and production/remodeling of the extracellular matrix, ending with the formation of a permanent collagenous scar. In developing fetal skin, the healing process is altered such that wounds are capable of healing by regeneration, which results in scar-free healing. While the precise mechanisms that allow for regenerative healing in fetal skin remain unknown, published data suggest that a combination of the wound microenvironment (i.e., limited inflammation and altered extracellular matrix components) and inherent differences in fetal fibroblasts may be important. This chapter will provide a brief historical overview of mammalian fetal wound-healing research and review recent findings in the field.
Quality of Nursing Homes and Admission of Residents With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Potential Influence of Market Factors and State Policies.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the associations between nursing home (NH) quality and prevalence of newly admitted NH residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), and to assess the extent to which market-level wages for certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and state Medicaid behavioral and mental health add-on policy may influence such associations. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting and Participants The analytical sample included 2777 NHs with either high or low quality, located in urban areas of 41 states from 2011 to 2014. Methods The outcome variable was the prevalence of ADRD among newly admitted NH residents. NH quality was defined as dichotomous, based on the Nursing Home Compare (NHC) star rating system. We considered an NH with 5-star rating as having high quality and with 1-star rating as having low quality. Information on county-level CNA wages and state Medicaid behavioral and mental health add-on policies was included. Linear regression models with NH random effects and robust standard errors were estimated. A set of sensitivity analyses were performed. Results After accounting for NH-level aggregated resident characteristics and market/state-level factors, the prevalence of ADRD among newly admitted residents was 3% lower in high-quality NHs compared with low-quality NHs (P Conclusions and Implications Our findings suggest that high-quality NHs are less likely to admit residents with ADRD. The effect size of this relationship is modest and may be influenced by state Medicaid behavioral and mental health add-on policies. Future studies are needed to better understand reasons leading to these associations so that effective interventions can be developed to incentivize high-quality NHs to more readily serve residents with ADRD.
Class Matters: Analyzing Mutual Fund Class Structure and Expenses

This article examines whether the presence of an institutional or a retirement fund class benefits retail investors in multiple share class mutual funds (MS funds). Additionally, the article addresses whether the number of classes in an MS fund influences expense ratios. The results indicate retail investors benefit from having an institutional class. Additionally, there is some evidence that MS funds with a no-load class, especially for retirement and retail classes of MS funds, have lower expenses. Finally, the number of classes in an MS fund appears to influence expense ratios, although results are dependent on the unit of analysis, class, or fund. TOPICS:Mutual fund performance, retirement Key Findings • The multiple share class (MS) fund structure has expanded in the past 20 years, moving from the traditional fund with a front-end load class, contingent deferred sales charge class, and a level load class to funds with the traditional classes plus no-load, institutional, and retirement classes with every imaginable combination. • No-load retail investors benefit with lower expense ratios if the MS fund also has an institutional class; however, retail investors considered less financial savvy who use financial advisors do not recognize the same benefits. • Investors in MS funds purchased from financial advisors that have more classes in the fund have lower expenses than funds with fewer classes.
Multi-dimensional Style Transfer for Partially Annotated Data using Language Models as Discriminators.

Style transfer has been widely explored in natural language generation with non-parallel corpus by directly or indirectly extracting a notion of style from source and target domain corpus. A common aspect among the existing approaches is the prerequisite of joint annotations across all the stylistic dimensions under consideration. Availability of such dataset across a combination of styles is a limiting factor in extending state-of-the art style transfer setups to multiple style dimensions. While cascading single-dimensional models across multiple styles is a possibility, it suffers from content loss, especially when the style dimensions are not completely independent of each other. In our work, we attempt to relax this restriction on requirement of jointly annotated data across multiple styles being inspected and make use of independently acquired data across different style dimensions without any additional annotations. We initialize an encoder-decoder setup with large transformer-based language models pre-trained on a generic corpus and enhance its re-writing capability to multiple styles by employing multiple language models as discriminators. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluation, we show the ability of our model to control for styles across multiple style-dimensions while preserving content of the input text and compare it against baselines which involve cascaded state-of-the-art uni-dimensional style transfer models.
Who Benefits the Most From Adjuvant Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer? An Exploratory Analysis

Abstract Purpose Adjuvant durvalumab is now recommended for most patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Herein, we explore the clinical factors that may be associated with the benefit from adjuvant durvalumab. Methods and Materials Patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy at our institution between August 2013 and May 2019 were included in this analysis. Clinical and treatment characteristics were tested for associations with progression-free survival (PFS) in Cox models. Interaction terms were added to the PFS Cox models to explore factors that may modulate the effects of adjuvant durvalumab. PFS and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons between patient subgroups were performed using log rank testing. Results A total of 105 patients met the eligibility criteria. Thirty-five patients (33%) received adjuvant durvalumab. Treatment with durvalumab was associated with significant improvement in PFS (1-year PFS: 67% vs 39%; log rank P = .006) and OS (1-year OS: 88% vs 76%; log rank P = .041). Exploratory analyses identified the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) after radiation therapy (RT) as a factor that may be associated with a benefit from durvalumab. For patients with post-RT NLR exceeding the cohort's median value of 4.3, receipt of adjuvant durvalumab was not associated with a significant PFS improvement (1-year PFS: 45% vs 36%; log rank P = .702). For patients with post-RT NLR Conclusions We identified low NLR after chemoradiotherapy as a factor that may be associated with a benefit from adjuvant durvalumab. Validation studies are warranted.
Are large urban areas sustainability champions?: A Double Delinking Analysis of Environmental Performance of Global Cities

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between both city size and welfare or prosperity on the one hand, and environmental-climatological outcomes on the other hand. This will be done by examining this intriguing relationship for a sample of 40 large cities in our world (with different size categories and located in countries with different welfare levels). Based on detailed statistical data on a multiplicity of relevant characteristics of these cities (stemming from the GPCI metropolitan data base of the Mori Memorial Foundation (2016)), we have used a super-efficient Data Envelopment Analysis (SE- DEA) to analyse the relative economic-environmental efficiency outcomes of distinct classes of global cities, so as to test the above mentioned double proposition, coined here double delinking or the double Kuznets curve phenomenon.
Correlation of anorectal malformation complexity and associated urologic abnormalities.

Abstract Background Patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) commonly have associated urologic anomalies. Few large studies exist to accurately characterize the incidence or associations between severity of malformation and urologic diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of urologic diagnoses in a large cohort of children with ARM and evaluate for any correlation between severity of ARM and the incidence and number of associated urologic diagnoses. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients with ARM treated at our pediatric colorectal center. All patients underwent protocolized urologic screening. ARM subtypes were ordered with increasing severity as follows in males: perineal, bulbar, prostatic and bladder neck fistulae. Females were similarly categorized as perineal, vestibular and vaginal fistulae followed by cloaca with 3 cm common channel. The following urologic diagnoses were assessed to determine whether a correlation existed with the severity of the ARM subtype: hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), solitary kidney, renal ascent anomalies (ectopic or pelvic), renal fusion anomalies (horseshoe or cross fused kidney), duplex kidney, hypospadias and undescended testicle. ARM subtypes were defined by distal rectal anatomy. Results A total of 712 patients were included in our study with a mean age of 4 years and of whom 45% were male. The overall rate of urologic anomalies was greater in males than females (65% vs 56% p Conclusions Urologic anomalies occur at a high rate in children with ARM and appear to increase in frequency with increasing complexity of ARM subtype. These findings stress the importance of proper ARM screening and proactive collaboration with a clinician with expertise in pediatric urology early in the management of such children to improve early recognition of urologic diagnoses. Level of evidence Level III.
Design of Dual Circular Polarized Wideband Stacked Patch Flat Panel Phased Array Antenna using Ka-band 5G Silicon RFICs in Beamforming Network

An 8×8 dual circularly polarized phased array antenna with very low cross-polarization that covers wideband (22.5-27.5 GHz) and offers broadside circular polarized (CP) realized gain of around 22-23 dBic is proposed. The radiating element consists of a square driven patch and a square parasitic patch placed over it, with two orthogonal feed points at the driven patch. In each 2×2 subarray unit of the 8×8 array, upper right and lower left radiating elements are mirrored with respect to a vertical plane for high cross-polarization suppression. A beamforming network utilizing Anokiwave RFICs that feed four radiating elements, will be employed to achieve beam scanning. The circular polarization is obtained when 90° time-phase difference is applied between two feed points of the patch using the RFICs. A suitable beamforming algorithm will be applied through SPI controller. The circular polarized beam scans till ±46°.
The effect of persuasive/possessing information regarding GMOs on consumer attitudes

Abstract The concept of genetically modified foods is becoming increasingly popular. Consumer attitude towards GMOs is influenced by various factors, including food safety, quality, and taste. This shows the dire need to understand current consumer attitudes towards GMO (genetically modified organism) products, especially since there are growing concerns locally and globally related to their health, finance, and environmental safety. Hence, the study's objective is to determine the extent to which government information influences and changes current consumer attitude of GMOs. Once consumers were “forced” to read a trusted scientific statement on the safety of GMOs, their concerns about whether it is bad for your health or caused cancer decreased significantly.
Choosing Ethics Over Morals: A Possible Determinant to Embracing Artificial Intelligence in Future Urban Mobility

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming integral to human life, and the successful wide-scale uptake of autonomous and automated vehicles (AVs) will depend upon people’s willingness to adopt and accept AI-based technology and its choices. A person’s state of mind towards autonomous vehicles’ artificial intelligence (AVAI), such as familiarity or risk-aversion, has an impact on their willingness to adopt the use of AVs. However, one determinant of whether AVAI should be driven by society’s ethics or the driver’s morals, the “state of mind” variable, has not been studied. We asked 1,473 student, staff, and employee respondents at a university campus whether they prefer an AVAI learn their owners own personal morals (one's own principles) or adopt societal ethics (codes of conduct provided by an external source). Respondents were almost evenly split between whether AVAI should rely on ethics (45.6%) or morals (54.4%). People who favor AVAIs adopting society’s ethics are more willing to adopt, more familiar with, and have more favorable perceptions of AVs. We find that individuals who are younger, male, not white, and who have favorable perceptions of AVs express a statistically significantly greater willingness to adopt. Controlling for these factors, we find that individuals’ familiarity with AVs and their beliefs about whether AVs should rely on ethics or morals are not statistically significantly associated with their willingness to adopt AVs. Regardless, to successfully govern artificial intelligence in cities, policy-makers must thus bridge the deep divide between individuals who choose morals over ethics and vice versa.
Food of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the Northcentral Gulf of Mexico

The stomach contents of 403 cobia, Rachycentron canadwn, caught in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery from April through October of 1987-1990 were examined. Cobia ranged from 373-1,530 mm in fork length. Of the 403 stomachs, 287 (71.2%) contained at least one identifiable prey taxon. Crustaceans, consisting primarily of portunid crabs, were the predominant food. Crustaceans occurred in 79.1% of the stomachs and comprised 77.6% of the total number of identifiable prey. The second most important prey categoy was fish which was dominated by hardhead catfish, Arius felis, and eels. Fish occurred in 58.5% of the stomachs but only accounted for 20.3% of the total number of prey. The importance of fish as prey increased withincreasing size(length)ofcobia, with thelargest sizeclassofcobia(1,150-1,530mmFL)showingthehighest percent frequency occurrence of fish prey (84.4%). There were no significant differences between the diets of male and female cobia. Species composition of the diet indicated that cobia examined in this study were generalist carnivores in their feeding habits and fed primarily on benthic/epibenthic crustaceans and fishes. However, the Occurrence of pelagic prey provided evidence of diversity in the foraging behavior of cobia. Feeding in cobia indicated their dependence upon prey availability rather than upon a few specific food organisms.
Toward a Theory of Redintegrative Memory: Adjective-Noun Phrases

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the nature of redintegrative memory and sketches a theory to explain this kind of memory. Redintegrative memory is said to occur when the stimulus is part of the larger response. Redintegrative probabilities are high when the material consists of single words, adjective-noun phrases, two-digit numbers, or complete sentences. The chapter primarily focuses on the redintegrative memory of adjective-noun phrases, where the noun is better remembered in free recall, and it is the better cue in cued recall. The theory presented in the chapter describes each word's meaning through features which vary in their salience. Nouns are assumed to have more features than adjectives. The theory further assumes that words can get bonded in two different ways. I-bonding occurs when the two words have features in common; the more they overlap, the stronger the bonding. J-bonding (or fusion) occurs when the phrase as a whole acquires features that did not characterize the ingredient words. When the S notices a phrase, a network of interconnected features is assumed to register. As time passes, these features fade, and only certain ones persist. The persisting features then reinstate the entire network, which is translated into the phrase.
Triggering ubiquitination of a CDK inhibitor at origins of DNA replication.

To ensure proper timing of the G1–S transition in the cell cycle, the cyclin E–Cdk2 complex, which is responsible for the initiation of DNA replication, is restrained by the p21Cip1/p27Kip1/p57Kip2 family of CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitors in humans and by the related p27Xic1 protein in Xenopus. Activation of cyclin E–Cdk2 is linked to the ubiquitination of human p27Kip1 or Xenopus p27Xic1 by SCF (for Skp1–Cullin–F-box protein) ubiquitin ligases. For human p27Kip1, ubiquitination requires direct phosphorylation by cyclin E–Cdk2. We show here that Xic1 ubiquitination does not require phosphorylation by cyclin E–Cdk2, but it does require nuclear accumulation of the Xic1–cyclin E–Cdk2 complex and recruitment of this complex to chromatin by the origin-recognition complex together with Cdc6 replication preinitiation factors; it also requires an activation step necessitating cyclin E–Cdk2-kinase and SCF ubiquitin-ligase activity, and additional factors associated with mini-chromosome maintenance proteins, including the inactivation of geminin. Components of the SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex, including Skp1 and Cul1, are also recruited to chromatin through cyclin E–Cdk2 and the preinitiation complex. Thus, activation of the cyclin E–Cdk2 kinase and ubiquitin-dependent destruction of its inhibitor are spatially constrained to the site of a properly assembled preinitiation complex.
Closure properties of the class of uniform sweeping-out transformations

Uniform sweeping-out is closed under countable cartesian product and under inverse limits. A measure-preserving transformation (S:X, μ) on a probability space is uniform sweepingout if for any set A of positive mass and any e there exists N such that: Any collection K of integers will satisfy μ (⋃
Human-thing entanglement: towards an integrated archaeological perspective

In exploring human-thing entanglement I wish to make five points. (1) Humans depend on things. In much of the new work in the social and human sciences in which humans and things co-constitute each other, there is, oddly, little account of the things themselves. (2) Things depend on other things. All things depend on other things along chains of interdependence. (3) Things depend on humans. Things are not inert. They are always falling apart, transforming, growing, changing, dying, running out. (4) The defining aspect of human entanglement with made things is that humans get caught in a double-bind, depending on things that depend on humans. (5) Traits evolve and persist. When evolutionary archaeologists identify lineages of cultural affinity, they claim to be studying cultural transmission. Transmission may be involved in such lineages, but it is the overall entanglement of humans and things that allows success or failure of traits. Resume Par l’exploration de l’intrication entre humains et choses, l’auteur souhaite soulever cinq points. (1) Les humains dependent des choses. Pourtant, dans une grande partie des nouveaux travaux en sciences sociales et humaines dans lesquels les humains et les choses sont co-constitutifs, les choses sont, curieusement, peu considerees. (2) Les choses dependent d’autres choses. Toutes les choses dependent d’autres choses, au fil de chaines d’interdependance. (3) Les choses dependent des humains. Elles ne sont pas inertes. Elles passent leur temps a tomber en morceaux, a se transformer, a pousser, a changer, a mourir, a s’epuiser. (4) L’aspect definissant l’intrication des humains avec les objets fabriques est que les humains sont pris dans un double bind, dependant des choses qui dependent d’eux. (5) Certains traits apparaissent, evoluent et persistent. Quand les archeologues evolutionnistes identifient des lignees d’affinite culturelle, ils affirment etudier la transmission culturelle. Bien que la transmission puisse etre a l’œuvre dans ces lignees, c’est l’intrication globale des hommes et des choses qui permet aux traits de prosperer ou de disparaitre.
Recent highlights from the PHENIX heavy ion program

It is accepted that a QGP can be formed in relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei (A+A). Recently long-range correlations have been observed in p+A collisions at the LHC in high multiplicity events. PHENIX has carried out a series of studies of d+Au collisions at 200 GeV to see if such correlations persist at lower energies compared to those at the LHC. Results of a study of long-range correlations and flow are presented for d+Au collisions. Data from Au+Au collisions collected during the beam energy scan (BES) was used to determine both quark and nucleon number scaling. The HBT method was used to determine radii of the fireball at kinetic freezeout. Implications for the nuclear EOS are discussed. Also results of a search for “dark photons” are presented. Recent PHENIX highlights on heavy flavor, electromagnetic probes, spin and plans for PHENIX upgrades were presented in other talks at this conference.
This line is mine

Abstract On the issue of regulating outbound telemarketing abuses, this paper proposes a new perspective of recognizing telephone lines as a property of consumers. Philosophically, current approaches to the issue based on privacy and fraud are inadequate to justify the regulation of telemarketers. In implementation, self-regulation and existing governmental measures have both failed to deter malpractices of telemarketers. Telemarketing is argued to be a legitimate means of communication, so we need to compromise the conflict between the right of telemarketers' access to consumers and consumers' property rights to telephone lines. Making telemarketing calls should be recognized as a privilege, and licensing of telemarketers is proposed as a solution.
Laboratory investigation of the effect of particle shape characteristics and gradation of aggregates on the skid resistance of asphalt surface mixtures

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study concerning the effects of the particle shape characteristics and gradation of aggregates on the skid resistance of asphalt surface mixtures, as determined by the British portable skid tester. Four coarse aggregates and two fine aggregates, representing both natural and crushed materials, were used. The particle shape characteristics of these materials were determined by the particle index test for positive, quantitative identification. The aggregate materials were combined to form three different gradations, and mixed with the optimum content of an 85 to 100 penetration grade asphalt cement, as determined by the Marshall method of mixture design. Circular specimens 6 in. in diameter and 2 in. in thickness were used for the laboratory skid test. An accelerated polishing device similar to the one previously used by the investigators at Purdue University was employed to polish the surface of the test specimens. Skid resistance values were determined both before the specimens were polished and after different stages of polishing. The results of this investigation show that, within the range of the variables studied, the antiskid properties of the experimental surface mixtures improved with increasing values of the particle index of the fine aggregate. The skid resistance was also affected significantly by the gradation, as represented by the composition index, of the aggregates. For the unpolished specimens, the British portable number (BPN) is shown to increase with increasing values of the composition index. The trend was reversed for the polished specimens in that the BPN was increased as the values of the composition index were decreased.
Truth is not (Very) Intrinsically Valuable

We might suppose it is not only instrumentally valuable for beliefs to be true, but that it is intrinsically valuable – truth makes a non-derivative, positive contribution to a belief's overall value. Some intrinsic goods are better than others, though, and this article considers the question of how good truth is, compared to other intrinsic goods. I argue that truth is the worst of all intrinsic goods; every other intrinsic good is better than it. I also suggest the best explanation for truth's inferiority is that it is not really an intrinsic good at all. It is intrinsically neutral.
Associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and selected biomarkers among women scheduled for breast biopsies.

Objective To examine the relationship between dietary cruciferous vegetable intake and selected tumour biomarkers for histone acetylation (H3K9ac, H3K18ac, HDAC3 and HDAC6), proliferation (Ki-67) and cell-cycle regulation (p21) from breast tissue. Design The study used baseline data of women recruited to participate in a clinical trial of sulforaphane supplement. Dietary cruciferous vegetable intake was collected through a validated Arizona Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Questionnaire. Breast tissue was obtained from biopsy samples. Spearman correlations were calculated between intake of specific cruciferous vegetables and biomarkers. Tissue biomarkers were log2-transformed to obtain approximate normality. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and biomarkers adjusting for age and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple comparisons. Setting Clinical trial baseline. Subjects Fifty-four women who had abnormal mammogram findings and were scheduled for breast biopsy. Results Mean intake of total cruciferous vegetables from all food sources was 81·7 (sd 57·3) g/d. Mean urinary total sulforaphane metabolites was 0·08 (sd 0·07) µm/mm creatinine. Total cruciferous vegetable intake was inversely associated with Ki-67 protein expression in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tissue (β=-0·004; se=0·001; FDR q value=0·03), but not in benign or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue. No association was found for other biomarkers measured (HDAC3, HDAC6, H3K9, H3K18 and p21) in all tissues examined (benign, DCIS and IDC). Conclusions The present study sought to provide additional evidence for the potential role of sulforaphane in histone acetylation and cell proliferation. Here, we report that total cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with decreased cell proliferation in breast DCIS tissue.
Simple device for indicating atmospheric status of anaerobic chamber entry locks.

A simple, inexpensive device is described that indicates which door of an anerobic chamber entry lock was last opened.
Monoclonal antibodies distinguish identifiable neurones in the leech

Monoclonal antibodies were isolated by screening 475 hybridomas obtained from mice immunized with whole leech nerve cords. The majority (about 300) reacted with leech nervous tissue, but only about 40 made antibodies that identified single kinds or small sets of cells. Twenty of the antibodies which react with specific neurones were studied in greater detail and are described here. They include antibodies against identified sensory neurones and motor neurones as well as against numerous unidentified cells.
Teratogenesis associated with oxydemeton‐methyl in the stage 12 chick embryo

The teratogenic potential of oxydemeton-methyl (ODM) was investigated using a stage specific localized topical method of application to the stage 12 chick embryo. A dose of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/embryo was applied to the vitelline membrane directly above the stage 12 embryo. The embryo was then returned to the incubator and monitored daily until stage 41 (15 day). At stage 41 the embryo was autopsied and examined for gross external and internal malformations, wet weight, and crown-rump length. Experimental data was compared to unopened and saline treated controls. At doses less than 0.50 mg/embryo, survival rates were high (> 80%) but when that dose was exceeded, the survival rate fell significantly (P < 0.001). A dose-dependent increase in malformation rate was seen in all treatment groups with 0.10 mg/embryo, producing a maximum malformation rate (19/33) with minimum mortality (3/36). Crown-rump lengths and wet weights were significantly less than controls in all treatment groups (P < 0.001). Anomalies were primarily seen in the musculoskeletal (ventral midline, limb, and neck) and cardiovascular (ventricular septum and aortic arches) systems. Thoracogastroschisis and ventricular septal defects were the most common combination of malformations. Our data suggest that ODM is teratogenic when topically applied to the stage 12 chick embryo.
Identification of Aliphatic Amines from Rates of Cinnamoylation

The second-order rate constants for reaction between trans-cinnamic anhydride and 26 aliphatic amines in acetonitrile solution are reported. The rate constant for this reaction is a discriminating criterion of identity.
Re‐assessment of the monthly naturalized flow record for the River Thames at Kingston since 1883, and the implications for the relative severity of historical droughts

A rainfall-streamflow modelling methodology is applied to the monthly flow record for the Thames at Kingston, one of the most important long records of river flow (from 1883) in the UK National River Flow Archive (NRFA). Inspection of the model residuals confirms earlier work which showed that low flows during droughts before about 1950 have been underestimated, but indicates that the degree of underestimation has been greater than thought previously. It is argued that, consequently, recent droughts have been more severe than suggested by analyses of the existing Kingston flow record taken at face value. Several reasons are given for not making formal adjustments to the NRFA monthly flows on the basis of the model residuals: uncertainties associated with the model and the flow data (the gauged flows at Teddington and the abstractions/discharges necessary to derive ‘naturalized’ flows); and the effects over time of agricultural drainage, channel improvements and urbanization. It is demonstrated that rainfall-streamflow modelling has an important part to play in the quality assurance of river flow records.
In-Plane Effective Thermal Conductivity of Symmetric, Diamond-Weave Screen Laminates

Algebraic models of porosity, specific surface area, and in-plane effective thermal conductivity for stacked, two-dimensional symmetric diamond-weave screen laminations are developed and benchmarked with laboratory experiments. Diamond-weave laminations are found to have greater metal fractions and specific surface area than equivalent orthogonal-weaves. With the weave angle smaller than 90°, the structure also has a much higher effective thermal conductivity.
Dramatically stabilizing multiprotein complex structure in the absence of bulk water using tuned Hofmeister salts

The role that water plays in the salt-based stabilization of proteins is central to our understanding of protein biophysics. Ion hydration and the ability of ions to alter water surface tension are typically invoked, along with direct ion-protein binding, to describe Hofmeister stabilization phenomena observed for proteins experimentally, but the relative influence of these forces has been extraordinarily difficult to measure directly. Recently, we have used gas-phase measurements of proteins and large multiprotein complexes, using a combination of innovative ion mobility (IM) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, to assess the ability of bound cations and anions to stabilize protein ions in the absence of the solvation forces described above. Our previous work has studied a broad set of 12 anions bound to a range of proteins and protein complexes, and while primarily motivated by the analytical challenges surrounding the gas-phase measurement of solution-phase relevant protein structures, our work has also lead to a detailed physical mechanism of anion-protein complex stabilization in the absence of bulk solvent. Our more-recent work has screened a similarly-broad set of cations for their ability to stabilize gas-phase protein structure, and we have discovered surprising differences between the operative mechanisms for cations and anions in gas-phase protein stabilization. In both cases, cations and anions affect protein stabilization in the absence of solvent in a manner that is generally reversed relative to their ability to stabilize the same proteins in solution. In addition, our evidence suggests that the relative solution-phase binding affinity of the anions and cations studied here is preserved in our gas-phase measurements, allowing us to study the influence of such interactions in detail. In this report, we collect and summarize such gas-phase measurements to distill a generalized picture of salt-based protein stabilization in the absence of bulk water. Further, we communicate our most recent efforts to study the combined effects of stabilizing cations and anions on gas-phase proteins, and identify those salts that bear anion/cation pairs having the strongest stabilizing influence on protein structures in vacuo.
Chromosomal aberrations in mouse lymphocytes exposed in vivo and in vitro to aliphatic epoxides

Abstract Mouse lymphocytes in vivo or in vitro were exposed for 24 h to 4 aliphatic epoxides, glycidyl 1-naphthyl ether, glycidyl 4-nitrophenyl ether, 1-naphthylpropylene oxide and trichloropropylene oxide (TCPO), and tested for the induction of chromosomal aberrations (CA). These epoxides were among the most genotoxic aliphatic epoxides in our previous studies. With the exception of TCPO, the test epoxides caused significant increases in CA in vivo compared to a negative control. There were concentration related increases in CA for all 4 epoxides in vitro and TCPO produced the greatest cellular toxicity and genotoxic effects towards cultured lymphocytes. The difference in the order of genotoxicity for the two test systems can be explained on the basis of a much shorter half-life for TCPO than for the other epoxides.
Relationship between swallow rate and salivary flow

Recent studies indicate that swallow-induced, primary peristalsis is a major determinant of normal esophageal acid clearance. However, factors that regulate the rate of spontaneous swallowing in normal subjects are incompletely understood. We postulated that the rate of salivary flow influences the rate of spontaneous swallows. To test this hypothesis, we did a total of 60 studies measuring salivary flow or the rate of spontaneous swallowing in 10 healthy volunteers, age 10–30 years. Saliva was collected by expectoration. Swallow rate was recorded by a small, transnasal catheter stationed in the pharynx and also, in some circumstances, by cervical electrodes. On separate sessions, we evaluated the effect of five test manipulations on salivary flow and swallowing rate, respectively. The test manipulations consisted of: (1) pharyngeal intubation, (2) sucking of a dummy lozenge, (3) sucking of a peppermint lozenge, (4) bethanechol injection (5 mg subcutaneously), and atropine administration (12 μg/kg intravenously). Pharyngeal intubation caused a small, but significant increase in the rate of salivation and spontaneous swallows. Sucking of a peppermint lozenge caused a sixfold increase in salivary flow while nearly doubling the swallowing rate whereas the dummy lozenge caused only a modest increase in salivary flow and swallowing. Cholinergic stimulation by bethanechol elicited a substantial increase in salivary flow and swallowing rate. In contrast, atropine caused a significant decrease in both salivary flow and swallowing. We conclude that in awake, normal subjects the rate of spontaneous swallows is influenced directly by salivary flow. Because oral lozenges substantially increase both swallowing rate and salivary flow, such agents merit investigation as a potentially useful ancillary treatment for the relief of heartburn.
Gestalt therapy in the treatment of Vietnam veterans experiencing PTSD symptomatology

In the author's clinical work with Vietnam veterans experiencing symptoms of PTSD, Gestalt theory and concepts have proven to be very helpful in (a) conceptualizing what sustains Vietnam as a deleterious problem in the lives of these veterans and (b) providing techniques which are effective in helping them overcome their Vietnam-related troubles. Although of great potential, the author feels that the effective application of Gestalt therapy techniques necessitates the kind of prudent clinical discretion which ordinarily requires a solid background in general psychotherapy and specialized training in Gestalt theory, concepts, and techniques.
Extended exposure to symbolic matching-to-sample: a preliminary analysis

Two pigeons were exposed to a symbolic matching-to-sample procedure in which left side-key responses were reinforced if two sequentially presented center-key stimuli were identical, while right side-key responses were reinforced if the stimuli were different. Five stimulus pairs were used: color (red-green, blue-yellow), shape (circle-triangle, square-plus), and line (horizontal-vertical). Subjects were initially exposed to only one stimulus pair, following which they were exposed to the remaining pairs with the order of exposure varying across subjects. The data reveal some transfer across stimulus sets, but provide only equivocal evidence for concept formation.
New facial papules in a 66-year-old woman with bladder cancer.

Key teaching points • Muir-Torre Syndrome (MTS) is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that results from a mutation in mismatch repair genes. It is characterized by sebaceous neoplasms, keratoacanthomas, and visceral neoplasm(s) affecting the colon, uterus, ovaries, bladder, or other organs. • Mismatch repair immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing of sebaceous neoplasms are available to confirm a diagnosis of MTS. • Early recognition of cutaneous features of MTS could lead to early diagnosis and prevention of advanced neoplasms in patients and family members.
Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere

Abstract. This study makes use of time series of methane (CH4) data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) to detect whether there were any statistically significant changes of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) within the stratosphere during 1992–2005. The HALOE CH4 profiles are in terms of mixing ratio versus pressure altitude and are binned into latitude zones within the Southern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere. Their separate time series are then analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques. The CH4 trend terms for the Northern Hemisphere are significant and positive at 10° N from 50 to 7 hPa and larger than the tropospheric CH4 trends of about 3% decade−1 from 20 to 7 hPa. At 60° N the trends are clearly negative from 20 to 7 hPa. Their combined trends indicate an acceleration of the BDC in the middle stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere during those years, most likely due to changes from the effects of wave activity. No similar significant BDC acceleration is found for the Southern Hemisphere. Trends from HALOE H2O are analyzed for consistency. Their mutual trends with CH4 are anti-correlated qualitatively in the middle and upper stratosphere, where CH4 is chemically oxidized to H2O. Conversely, their mutual trends in the lower stratosphere are dominated by their trends upon entry to the tropical stratosphere. Time series residuals for CH4 in the lower mesosphere also exhibit structures that are anti-correlated in some instances with those of the tracer-like species HCl. Their occasional aperiodic structures indicate the effects of transport following episodic, wintertime wave activity. It is concluded that observed multi-year, zonally averaged distributions of CH4 can be used to diagnose major instances of wave-induced transport in the middle atmosphere and to detect changes in the stratospheric BDC.
Fiber Optic Laser Delivery For Endarterectomy Of Experimental Atheromas

Fiber optic delivery of argon ion laser energy and Nd-YAG laser energy were compared by the performance of open laser endarterectomy in the rabbit arteriosclerosis model. In Group I, 6 open laser endarterectomies were performed with an argon ion laser (488 nm and 514.5 nm) with the laser beam directed through a 400 pm quartz fiber optic. In Group II, 6 open laser endarterectomies were performed with a Nd-YAG laser (1.06 pm) with the laser beam directed through a 600 pm quartz fiber optic. Gross and light microscopic examination revealed smooth endarterectomy surfaces with tapered end points in Group I. In Group II, the endarterectomy surfaces were uneven and perforation occurred at 5/6 end points. Although energy could be precisely delivered with each laser by fiber optics, satisfactory results could only be achieved with the argon ion laser because argon ion energy was well absorbed by atheromas. Successful intravascular laser use requires a strong interaction between wavelength and atheroma as well as a precise delivery system.
Synthesis of 2',5'-dideoxy-2-fluoroadenosine and 2',5'-dideoxy-2,5'-difluoroadenosine: potent P-site inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase.

Glycosylation of 2-fluoroadenine with the appropriate protected thioglycoside derivatives, followed by deprotection and anomer separation, produced the α- and β-anomers of 2‘,5‘-dideoxy-2-fluoroadenosine (1), 2‘,5‘-dideoxy-2,5‘-difluoroadenosine (2), and 2‘-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine (3). These were examined as P-site inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase. The presence of fluorine on the purine ring increased potency of inhibition, and the most potent compound, β-2‘,5‘-dideoxy-2-fluoroadenosine (1b), was 3 times more potent than β-2‘,5‘-dideoxyadenosine.
Age relationship of basaltic and andesitic surface compositions on Mars: Analysis of high-resolution TES observations of the northern hemisphere

[1] Previous Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) results have identified two principal surface compositions on Mars; basaltic surfaces are found primarily in the southern highlands, while andesitic surfaces are found in the northern lowlands and in smaller concentrations distributed throughout the southern highlands. In 1 pixel-per-degree composition maps, the exact boundary between the basaltic and andesitic compositions is obscured by large amounts of equatorial surface dust. In this work, high-resolution TES surface spectral data are used to identify and characterize isolated regions of basalt within the equatorial dust regions and northern lowlands (generally between 20°S–60°N, 0–360°W) in an effort to better understand the nature of the boundary between the two compositions. The purpose of refining this boundary is to more accurately determine the relationship of the compositional dichotomy with global surface morphology and derived crustal thickness. Results show that the basaltic surface composition is closely associated with the ancient cratered terrain morphology but is not well correlated with crustal thickness. The northern extent of the TES basalt composition is also established. With four exceptions, there are no significant concentrations (>∼30% surface cover) of basalt greater than ∼400 km2 in area within the northern plains. Three are located within or adjacent to knobby terrain, which has been suggested to be erosional remnants of the cratered highlands. The fourth exception is in Milankovic crater and may represent a local basalt flow or basaltic material excavated during crater formation. Results from this work suggest that there is a stratigraphic relationship between the basaltic and andesitic surface compositions, with younger andesitic materials overlying older basaltic materials throughout the equatorial and northern plains regions.