cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyocyte‐specific role of miR‐24 in promoting cell survival

Cardiomyocyte cell death is a major contributing factor to various cardiovascular diseases and is therefore an important target for the design of therapeutic strategies. More recently, stem cell therapies, such as transplantation of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes, have emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic avenue to treating cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, survival of these introduced cells is a serious issue that must be solved before clinical application. We and others have identified a small non-coding RNA, microRNA-24 (miR-24), as a pro-survival molecule that inhibits the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, these earlier studies delivered mimics or inhibitors of miR-24 via viral transduction or chemical transfection, where the observed protective role of miR-24 in cardiomyocytes might have partially resulted from its effect on non-cardiomyocyte cells. To elucidate the cardiomyocyte-specific effects of miR-24 when overexpressed, we developed a genetic model by generating a transgenic mouse line, where miR-24 expression is driven by the cardiac-specific Myh6 promoter. The Myh6-miR-24 transgenic mice did not exhibit apparent difference from their wild-type littermates under normal physiological conditions. However, when the mice were subject to myocardial infarction (MI), the transgenic mice exhibited decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improved cardiac function and reduced scar size post-MI compared to their wild-type littermates. Interestingly, the protective effects observed in our transgenic mice were smaller than those from earlier reported approaches as well as our parallelly performed non-genetic approach, raising the possibility that non-genetic approaches of introducing miR-24 might have been mediated via other cell types than cardiomyocytes, leading to a more dramatic phenotype. In conclusion, our study for the first time directly tests the cardiomyocyte-specific role of miR-24 in the adult heart, and may provide insight to strategy design when considering miRNA-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Current status of multidetector computed tomography urography in imaging of the urinary tract

Over the past 2 decades, the ability to detect and characterize urinary tract lesions has been refined to an unprecedented degree. During this period, cross-sectional imaging with ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and, in some cases, magnetic resonance imaging has become central to the investigation of urinary tract disease. The increased use of crosssectional imaging in the investigation of the urinary tract has led to a marked reduction in the number of excretory urograms. In the United States the number of excretory urograms currently being obtained has reduced significantly from more than 1 million examinations in 1975 to 600,000 examinations per year. 1 Recent technological innovations, particularly with the development and continued improvement of multidetector CT scanning and the development of appropriate protocols has improved our ability to evaluate the urinary tract. Multidetector CT urography (CTU) has several advantages that include absence of respiratory misregistration, rapid imaging with optimum contrast medium opacification, reduced partial-volume effect because appropriate slices can be selected from the volumetric data, and acquisition of multiple thin overlapping slices providing excellent 2- and 3-dimensional (3-D) reformations, and virtual cystoscopy. 2 These advantages offer CTU as a compelling alternative to excretory urography and ultrasonography. In this article we will describe the technical aspects and applications of CTU in a wide variety of urinary tract diseases and briefly outline its limitations and future role.
UIO: a uniform I/O system interface for distributed systems

A uniform I/O interface allows programs to be written relatively independently of specific I/O services and yet work with a wide variety of the I/O services available in a distributed environment. Ideally, the interface provides this uniform access without excessive complexity in the interface or loss of performance. However, a uniform interface does not arise from careful design of individual system interfaces alone; it requires explicit definition.In this paper, the UIO (uniform I/O) system interface that has been used for the past five years in the V distributed operating system is described, with the focus on the key design issues. This interface provides several extensions beyond the I/O interface of UNIX™, including support for record I/O, locking, atomic transactions, and replication, as well as attributes that indicate whether optional semantics and operations are available. Experience in using and implementing this interface with a variety of different I/O services is described, along with the performance of both local and network I/O. It is concluded that the UIO interface provides a uniform I/O system interface with significant functionality, wide applicability, and no significant performance penalty.
Implementing a computer science endorsement program for secondary school teachers

Computer Science and technology have been driving scientific innovations, expanding the Information Technology sector and increasing productivity in all economic sectors for the last few decades, thus contributing significantly to the economic output of the U.S. Each sector of this country, ranging from national security to everyday life, is enormously impacted by computing technology. Clearly, future economic growth and prosperity of this country heavily rely on the strength and skills of the IT and computing workforce that will be able to expand and maintain the nationwide IT infrastructure. Unfortunately, the decline in students interested in Computer Science over the last several decades may threaten the United States' capability to expand and maintain the nationwide IT infrastructure. One solution that may slow and possibly even reverse this decline is to increase the awareness of Computer Science in the secondary school system and to increase the knowledge of Computer Science, the ability to teach Computer Science, and the Computer Science professionalism of teachers in that system. In this paper, the authors describe one technique for realizing this solution-implementing a Computer Science endorsement program for secondary school teachers.
Methodological Issues in Measuring Group Learning

This article examines current empirical approaches to group learning. It focuses on two central questions: Are these approaches really measuring group learning, and what critical issues should be resolved in future group-learning research? The rationale for this examination is threefold. First, the last 10 years have seen a substantial increase in research on group learning. As this literature accumulates, it is useful to do a critical review of the connection between the concept of group learning and its operational form. Second, there is a lack of clarity in how learning is operationalized—how researchers capture whether learning has occurred. The third rationale is to make explicit some of the features of group learning to serve as a guide for future research.
Understanding Familial/Cultural Factors in Adolescent Depression: A Culturally-Competent Treatment for Working With Chinese American Families

A significant challenge for researchers and clinicians is in the process of determining culturally sensitive strategies to ensure treatment effectiveness with ethnic populations in the United States. This article highlights key aspects of treating Chinese American families where a child is struggling with adolescent depression. Relevant literatures associated with adolescent depression and effective treatment of Chinese Americans are reviewed and organized according to the dimensions of therapist knowledge, awareness, and skills. Therapist guidelines are provided using key aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy. Additional suggestions are presented for culturally competent therapy with Chinese American youth and their families.
Expanding on Success: Volunteer Management at the Midwest Tennis Classic

(2007). Expanding on Success: Volunteer Management at the Midwest Tennis Classic. Sport Management Review: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 93-96.
Political Sequences and the Stabilization of Interparty Competition: Electoral Volatility in Old and New Democracies

This article examines why some democracies and semi-democracies develop relatively stable party systems, while others continue to be roiled by high levels of electoral volatility. It is the first broadly cross-regional analysis of electoral volatility, and it is based on the most extensive data assembled on electoral volatility. Our most original finding is that competitive regimes inaugurated in earlier periods have much lower electoral volatility than regimes inaugurated more recently, even controlling for a variety of other factors that have been hypothesized to affect electoral volatility. Parties had very different functions according to when democracy was inaugurated, and these congenital differences had longterm effects on the stabilization of party competition. What matters for the stabilization of party competition is when democracy was born, not how old it is. Our results support social science approaches that emphasize historical sequences and path dependence.
Angiotensin II Triggers EGFR Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Ca2+ Influx in Afferent Arterioles

We previously reported that inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity attenuates renal arteriolar contractile responses to angiotensin II. We performed the present experiments to determine if epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity contributes to the afferent arteriolar intracellular [Ca2+] response to angiotensin II. Afferent arterioles were dissected from rat kidney and intracellular [Ca2+] was monitored with the use of fura-2. In normal Ringer's bath containing 1.5 mmol/L Ca2+, basal intracellular [Ca2+] averaged 95+/-7 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L angiotensin II caused a rapid rise (peak Delta=75+/-10 nmol/L) that waned to a plateau averaging 24+/-5 nmol/L above baseline. Pretreatment with 100 nmol/L AG1478 (epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) reduced both the peak and the plateau stages of the angiotensin II response (peak Delta=42+/-7 nmol/L; plateau Delta=8+/-4 nmol/L). A structurally unrelated epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor also suppressed the peak response to angiotensin II, whereas tyrosine phosphatase inhibition enhanced the plateau phase of the response. In the presence of 100 nmol/L extracellular Ca2+, the angiotensin II response was characterized by a peak of diminished magnitude (Delta=49+/-10 nmol/L; P<0.05 versus the response in normal Ringer's bath) with no plateau, and this response was unaffected by AG1478. Moreover, angiotensin II stimulation of divalent cation influx (Mn2+ quench of fura-2 fluorescence) was decreased significantly by AG1478. We conclude that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity contributes to the afferent arteriolar intracellular [Ca2+] response to angiotensin II and that this process involves promotion of Ca2+ influx.
Para-aortic nodal metastases in early cervical carcinoma: Long-term survival following extended-field radiotherapy☆

From 1960 to 1979 there were a total of 14 patients followed at the University of Pennsylvania with early cervical carcinoma who had histologically documented metastases to the para-aortic nodes and who were treated with extended-field radiotherapy. Thirteen of these patients were stage IB and one was stage IIA. All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy and lymph node dissection, followed by extended-field radiotherapy. Six patients are alive with NED for greater than 5 years; one patient is alive with NED at 3 years. An additional patient is now alive and well almost 3 years from a biopsy documented recurrence treated with chemotherapy, and 6 years from initial diagnosis. Thus 8 of 14 patients have enjoyed a long-term survival. Five patients experienced severe treatment-related morbidity. Two had long-term survival, two died of disease, and one died of radiation complications with NED on autopsy. Each of the six patients that died of disease had recurrences at distant sites. One also had a pelvic recurrence. These patients appear to have a prognosis quite different from that of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer metastatic to the para-aortic nodes and deserve aggressive treatment. The need for adjuvant systemic therapy is stressed.
What Causes Crop Failure

One of the banes of farming is the frequent complete loss of crops due to adverse weather conditions or pests. In this paper, we explore what causes catastrophic crop failures. The study demonstrates that 39% of the variation in expected crop failure rates across the United States can be explained by soils and climate. The analysis shows that precipitation, soils, and especially temperature all explain average crop failure rates. Surprisingly, the analysis did not suggest that annual warming would increase crop failure rates. However, decreases in annual precipitation or increases in interannual or diurnal variation would all be harmful to crops.
Subadditive lifting methods for partitioning and knapsack problems

Abstract We begin with a description of a general framework of subadditive lifting methods for partitioning, covering, and packing problems. For the special case of one equation, three different implementations are given. Then, we relate these methods to several existing methods: linear programming using the dual simplex method over the (usually unknown) facets of the convex hull of solutions, the group method, branch-and-bound, shortest paths, and dynamic programming. All except dynamic programming are shown to be within the class of dual feasible subadditive lifting methods.
Ultra-fast hybrid analog-digital computation with convenient simulation-language software

Abstract The succession of digital program steps in typical hybrid analog digital computer simulations is so similar to the stepwise solution of differential-equation systems that well-established continuoussystem-simulation languages, and especially interactive digital simulation systems, can serve as excellent hybridcomputer software with little modification. In particular, the block-diagram-oriented DARE II simulation language can control the ultra-fast LOCUST analog computer to produce unprecendented hybrid execution speed while still permitting quite simple programming. Examples include iterative optimization, computation of hybrid-computer Monte Carlo statistics, and digital two-variable function generation in a hybrid-computer loop.
The 410‐km‐depth discontinuity: A sharpness estimate from near‐critical reflections

The abrupt increase in seismic velocity and density about 410 km below the surface of the Earth occurs at the depth where a phase change in olivine is expected [Akaogi et al., 1989; Katsura and Ito, 1989; Ringwood, 1969]. We have assembled recordings from 22 short-period seismometers in Washington and British Columbia of 35 nuclear explosions in Nevada. These data reveal relatively noise-free reflections from the “410” discontinuity. Most of the transition is completed within a depth interval of less than 10 km under the western United States. This result adds to the accumulating seismic evidence of a fairly sharp “410” transition.
Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy on Unfolded and Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Transcription factors and cell-signaling proteins contain a hyper abundance of domains or segments that are intrinsically disordered (ID) under native conditions. In many cases, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or ID segments undergo coupled folding and binding and this transition is associated to its biological role. Many techniques for dissecting folding are not readily amenable to IDPs because they are aggregation prone and insoluble. Single-molecule methods provide an avenue to mitigate these issues. We have performed single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments on a Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) refolded IDP and found that this IDP unfolds cooperatively under mechanical force. The data are rich in information and reveal that what appears to be a two-state transition in bulk is actually multi-state at the single-molecule level. We found that the analysis methods typically employed in such experiments may not be applicable because of the high concentrations of TMAO. To address these issues, we have designed unfolded mutants of T4 lysozyme using a random mutagenesis phenotypic screen. We are actively performing both bulk and single-molecule experiments to characterize unfolded mutants of T4 Lysozyme and TMAO refolded IDPs.
Startle modulation in children at risk for anxiety disorders and/or alcoholism.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the startle reflex as a possible vulnerability marker among offspring of parents with anxiety disorders and/or alcoholism. Method The subjects were 66 male and female offspring (aged 10 to 17 years) of probands who participated in a family study of comorbidity of alcoholism and anxiety disorders. Testing consisted of examining the startle reflex and its modulation by prepulse stimuli (prepulse facilitation and prepulse inhibition). Results Different components of the startle discriminated among children of parents with anxiety disorders, children of alcoholics, and children of normal controls. Specifically, startle magnitude was elevated in children with a parental hostory of an anxiety disorder, whereas startle habituation and prepulse inhibition were impaired in children with a parental history of alcoholism. Conclusion These findings suggest that individual differences in the startle reflex may serve as a vulnerability marker for the development of anxiety disorders and alcohol problems. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1997, 36(7):925–932.
Interleukin-1α, but not interleukin-1β, is a co-mitogen for neonatal rat Schwann cells in vitro and acts via interleukin-1 receptors

Abstract The culture of neonatal rat Schwann cells (SC) with unfractionated cytokines induces an increase in SC proliferation. Previous studies demonstrated that while incubation of SC with interleukin-1(IL-1) does not result in enhanced SC mitogenesis, a mixture of antibodies to IL-1α plus IL-1β inhibits cytokine-induced proliferation. We undertook the current studies to: (i) confirm that neither isoform of IL-1 directly causes SC proliferation; (ii) determine if there is a difference in the effect of antibodies to IL-1α versus IL-1β; and (iii) determine if IL-1 contribution to cytokine-induced proliferation of SC is mediated via IL-1 receptors. IL-1α or IL-1β from several sources, over a wide range of concentrations, failed to induce SC proliferation. Polyclonal antibodies to IL-1α from several suppliers and a monoclonal antibody to IL-1α inhibited SC priliferation, whereas similar antibodies to IL-1β had no effect on cytokine-induced SC proliferation. Addition of excess IL-1α to an incubation mixture of unfractionated cytokines plus anti-IL-1α abolished the inhibitory effect of the antibodies. Addition of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) to unfractionated cytokines inhibited SC proliferation. Therefore, while neither IL-1α nor IL-1β is a solitary mitogen for neonatal rat SC, IL-1α but not IL-1β acts as a co-mitogen. Moreover, IL-1α seems to exert its co-mitogenic effect via receptors for IL-1.
Inter-cultural Education and Religious Education, 1940–1960

Abstract This article describes the inter-cultural education movement in the United States in the years 1940 to 1960. Drawing on material found in Religious Education and other sources, it focuses in a special way on the contribution that religious educators made to this movement. The article presents the social analyses made by religious educators, the stated theoretical bases for their engagement, and a description of noteworthy practices in inter-cultural education and religious education. The article concludes that this movement paved the way for the somewhat broader movement that began in the 1960s and continues to this day.
Salpα and Salpβ, growth-arresting homologs of Sam68

Abstract Sam68, a nuclear RNA-binding protein, is a major substrate of the Src tyrosine kinase in mitotic cells. In addition to a tyrosine-rich C-terminal region, Sam68 also has six poly-proline (SH3-binding) sites, many of which are located in an amino-terminal region. Sam68 appears to act as an adaptor protein, associating with many SH2- and SH3-containing signal-transducing proteins (Richard et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:186–197, 1995). Here we describe a novel 55 kDa protein, Salpα, which has sequence similarity to Sam68 throughout its length. Salpα lacks the amino-terminal region found in Sam68, and has only a single poly-proline site, which binds the SH3 domain of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase. Salpα is tyrosine-phosphorylated when expressed in Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (RSV-CEF); unlike Sam68, however, Salpα does not co-precipitate with v-Src. Salpβ, an alternatively spliced isoform lacking the C-terminal tyrosine-rich region, is also tyrosine-phosphorylated in RSV-CEF, and also binds the SH3 domain of p85. We further show that expression of either Salpα or Salpβ down-regulates the expression of Sam68 in CEF, and arrests the growth of these cells. Our results suggest that Salp may function as a negative regulator of cell growth.
Assay of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin by Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis: Normal Values

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) assaysby the polyacrylamideelectrophoresisassay of Nikolai and Seal have been carried out on 315 normal subjects. The assay was carried out with 200 exogenouslabeled thyroxine per 100 ml added to the samples. The means and standard deviations for the three thyroxine-binding proteins in males (n = 140) were: TBG 19.7 ±3.0 p.g/100 ml, thyroxine-bindingalbumin (TBA) 38.0 ± 10.3 J.g/100 ml, thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) 141.2 ± 10.9 z.g/ 100 ml. The values for females (n = 175) were: TBG 21.6 ± 3.2 .u.g/100ml, TBA 40.0 ± 10 p.g/100 ml, 4nd TBPA 137 ± 10.5 i.g/100 ml. The difference in the means of the TBC values of males and females was significant (p < 0.01). Partial correlation analysisindicated that a significant correlation existed between proteinbound iodineand the TBG valuesonly. A highly significant correlation was also found between the resin T3 uptake valuesand TBG. Persons(n = 43) receiving estrogens had a mean TBC of 36 p.g/100 ml with a range of 26-45. This is an elevation of almost 5 SDs above normal. The normal values obtained by the polyacrylamideassay are comparedwith other electrophoretic assaysof TBG.
Gender and Status Offending Judicial Paternalism in Juvenile Justice Processing

This study examines the relationship between gender and juvenile justice processing outcomes for status offenders. The feminist criminological concept of judicial paternalism suggests that official justice systems, as gendered institutions with traditional patriarchal norms, will treat delinquent girls differently than delinquent boys. This paternalistic effect should be especially prevalent for status offenses, which are used to enforce institutional (parental, school, civic, parochial) authority. Using 1999-2001 juvenile processing data for 3,329 status offense referrals to the Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs (N = 3,329) and controlling for age, race, prior history, type of status offense, and measures of social class and urban environment, our results indicate that (a) girls outnumber boys among status offenders, (b) girls are more likely than boys to have their petitions filed for review, (c) girls are less likely than boys to be adjudicated guilty, and (d) girls are just as likely as boys to receive an incarcerated custody sentence as opposed to probation. We argue that these results illustrate the manifestation of the juvenile justice system as a gendered institution in which the adjudication of status offenders reflects judicial paternalism.
CuO nanowire–Co3O4 nanoparticle heterostructures and their vertically aligned and horizontally suspended architectures

Well-controlled architectures (aligned or horizontally suspended) of CuO nanowire (average diameter ~75±18 nm)-Co3O4 nanoparticle (average diameter ~7±1 nm) heterostructures were fabricated in a simple and surfactant-free growth approach. This approach coupled microfabrication methods with a thermal growth method and wet-coating technique. The fabricated heterostructures were characterized by high resolution electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for their size, morphology, phases, interfaces, and composition of heterostructures. Finally, CuO nanowire–Cox3O4 nanoparticle heterostructures were utilized as photocatalyst to degrade organic dye (methyl orange) under a wide range of wavelengths (from UV, 265 nm, to visible region, 580 nm).
Double-funneling of trees: Stemflow and root-induced preferential flow

Trees partition rainfall into throughfall and stemflow, resulting in a spatial distribution of nutrient and water fluxes reaching the soil centred on the trunks of trees. Stemflow fluxes of water and nutrients are then funneled preferentially belowground along tree roots and other preferential flow paths, bypassing much of the bulk soil. This double funneling leads to increased soil chemical, biological, and hydrological heterogeneity, which has been shown to persist for decades. In this paper, we review nutrient fluxes of stemflow water for a variety of tree species and climates. The amount of precipitation partitioned by trees to stemflow ranges over more than three orders of magnitude, accounting for 0.07-22% of incident rainfall in a range of precipitation regimes (600-7100 mm·y -1 ). Stemflow fluxes of NO3 - and K were found to be larger for species with greater stemflow partitioning, regardless of climate type. While stemflow volumes may increase in relation to increasing precipitation, stemflow nutrient concentrations tend to become more dilute. On an annual basis, however, it appears that plant canopy morphology is strongly related to stemflow fluxes for plant-mobile nutrients such as K (r 2 = 0.64) and NO3 - (r 2 = 0.61). Root-induced preferential flow provides an additional feedback mechanism in nutrient cycling by
Information, Values, and Opinion.

Past research has modeled mass opinion change as a two-step process involving reception of political communication and acceptance or rejection of that communication. I propose a two-message version of the reception-acceptance model, in which citizens are exposed to two opposing communication flows, either or both of which may affect their opinions. Variation over time in the relative intensity of the opposing communications, along with citizen differences in attention to politics and in political values, interact in the model to explain both cross-sectional patterns of mass opinion and opinion change across surveys. The model, which is applied to data on the Vietnam War, illuminates two research problems: how complex information flows diffuse through a mass audience and how this information shapes mass belief systems.
Glucose regulation in captivePongo pygmaeus abeli, P. p. pygmaeus,andP. p. abeli x P. p. pygmaeusorangutans

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were performed on 30 anesthetized, captive Sumatran (Pongo pygmaeus abeli), Bornean (P. p. pygmaeus), and hybrid (P. p. ablie x P. p. pygmaeus) orangutans, and fasted blood samples were taken from two additional juvenile orangutans in 11 U.S. zoos from 1989 to 1997. The age range of animals was 3.5 to 40.5 years. Plasma and serum samples were assayed for glucose and insulin concentrations. Glucose disappearance rate (KG), an index of glucose tolerance, was calculated, as were the early (acute) and second phase insulin responses to administered glucose. The mean ± SE (and median) fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were 113 ± 16 mg/dL (90 mg/dL) and 45 ± 7 μU/mL (27 μU/mL), respectively. Two animals previously suspected to be diabetic were easily identified by their markedly elevated fasting glucose concentrations (380 and 562 mg/dL) and relatively low fasted insulin concentrations (21 and 14 μU/mL); their insulin responses during the IVGTTs were also low or non-detectable. Without these diabetics, the mean ± SE (median) fasting glucose concentration was 92 ± 18 mg/dL (89 mg/dL). Two animals, ages 18 and 40, were identified as potentially pre-diabetic based on age, adiposity, elevated fasted glucose (116 and 137 mg/dL, respectively), and elevated fasted insulin concentrations (114 and 217 μU/mL, respectively). In addition, nearly half of the animals of varying ages, all sub-species and both sexes exhibited delayed or attenuated acute insulin responses during the IVGTTs, resulting in lower KG (P < 0.04) and suggesting propensity for glucose intolerance in captive orangutans. Glucose and insulin concentrations and insulin responses to glucose did not differ between females on hormonal contraception regimes and those not receiving treatment. Zoo Biol 19:193–208, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An address translation simulator

Virtual memory is a major topic in undergraduate operating systems courses. One aspect of virtual memory, address translation, is often covered in an abstract way. When examples are given, only a piece of the translation is done, using a small translation lookaside buffer or a small single-level page table. Since most students learn best by doing rather than watching, the topic is best understood by having students do realistic address translations. This is problematic since it involves lookup from several large tables of data which are difficult to fit on a piece of paper. The address translation simulator described here solves this problem by presenting the student with complete page tables in a way that allows simple navigation of these tables. The simulator can be used for both teaching and student evaluation.
Towards junking the PBX: deploying IP telephony

We describe the architecture and implementation of our Internet teleph ony test-bed intended to replace the departmental PBX (telephone switch). It interworks with the traditional telephone networks via a PSTN/IP gateway. It also serves as a corporate or campus infrastructure for existing and future services like web, email, video and streaming media. Initially intended for a few users, it will eventually replace the plain old telephones from our offices, due to the cost benefit and new services it offers. We also discuss common inter-operability problems between the PBX and the gateway.
Kinetic Phenomena in Spherical Expanding Flows of Binary Gas Mixtures

Diffusion and kinetic effects in the spherical expanding e ows of argon‐ helium mixtures have been studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo technique at the Knudsen numbers from 0.0015 to 0.03 and pressure ratios from 100 to 10,000. Similarity analysis was used to analyze the e ow structure in supersonic e ow region, spherical shock wave, and subsonic area behind it. Both kinetic and diffusion effects ine uence the shock-wave thickness, parallel and transverse species temperatures, diffusion velocities, the effectiveness of species separation, and ambient gas penetration. In the supersonic region the effect of “ freezing” the parallel temperature has been found in all considered cases. The temperature freezing comes e rst for heavier molecules of argon. The transverse temperature for both species follows the temperature in the isentropic expansion. Accumulation of the hot light (helium) component occurs in the leading front of the spherical shock wave. The multitemperature regime of the e ow inside the shock wave is found and studied using the similarity factor, which is based on theratio of stagnation pressures calculated at critical-source-e ow and background conditions. Nomenclature C = constant; Eq. (5) F = transformed mole-fraction function; Eq. (15) f = mole fraction of heavier component H = transformed temperature function; Eq. (15) Kna = Knudsen number based on the length scale parameter at ine nity L Kn¤ = Knudsen number based on the critical radius of a spherical source r¤ K2 = similarity parameter, Re¤.pa=p0¤/ 1=2
Image-based three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy for medically inoperable endometrial carcinoma

Abstract Purpose Definitive radiotherapy is a viable option for medically inoperable patients with early stage endometrial cancer. We present our experience using image-based brachytherapy (BT). Methods and Materials Patients with medically inoperable clinical Stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma received definitive BT with or without external beam radiotherapy. High-dose-rate BT was delivered using MRI- or CT-based planning for each fraction. For patients with an MRI, gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured although dose was still prescribed to the clinical treatment volume (CTV), including the entire uterus, cervix, and upper 1–2 cm of vagina. Equivalent 2 Gy doses (EQD 2 ) were calculated. Results Thirty-eight patients were treated from 2007 to 2013, 20 receiving BT alone with a median dose of 37.5 Gy in five to six fractions. For combined therapy, median external beam and BT doses were 45 and 25 Gy in four to five fractions. With 15-month median followup, the 2-year actuarial local control and overall survival were 90.6% and 94.4%. No Grade 2–5 late toxicities were observed. Mean CTV D 90 EQD 2 for BT alone and combined therapy was 48.6 ± 5.6 and 72.4 ± 6.0 Gy, whereas mean GTV D 90 EQD 2 was 172.3 ± 59.6 and 138.0 ± 64.6 Gy. Conclusions Image-based BT is feasible for medically inoperable early stage endometrial cancer with excellent early results. Despite low CTV doses, high doses delivered to GTV with BT likely accounts for high local control. Endometrial cancer guidelines for image-based planning are needed to define target volumes based on risk with differential dose delivery.
AKAP-Anchored PKA Maintains Neuronal L-type Calcium Channel Activity and NFAT Transcriptional Signaling

L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCC) couple neuronal excitation to gene transcription. LTCC activity is elevated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and depressed by the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), and both enzymes are localized to the channel by A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150). AKAP79/150 anchoring of CaN also promotes LTCC activation of transcription through dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We report here that the basal activity of AKAP79/150-anchored PKA maintains neuronal LTCC coupling to CaN-NFAT signaling by preserving LTCC phosphorylation in opposition to anchored CaN. Genetic disruption of AKAP-PKA anchoring promoted redistribution of the kinase out of postsynaptic dendritic spines, profound decreases in LTCC phosphorylation and Ca2+ influx, and impaired NFAT movement to the nucleus and activation of transcription. Thus, LTCC-NFAT transcriptional signaling in neurons requires precise organization and balancing of PKA and CaN activities in the channel nanoenvironment, which is only made possible by AKAP79/150 scaffolding.
Pursuit formations of unicycles

In this paper, the stability of equilibrium formations for multiple unicycle systems in cyclic pursuit is studied in detail. The cyclic pursuit setup is particularly simple in that each unicycle i pursues only one other unicycle, unicycle i+1 (modulo n), where n is the number of unicycles. This research is principally motivated by the historical development of pursuit problems found in the mathematics and science literature, which dates as far back as 1732 and yet continues to be of current interest. On the other hand, it is anticipated that the analytical techniques and solutions pertaining to these problems will prove relevant to the study of multiagent systems and in cooperative control engineering.
A Comparison of Multispectral and Multitemporal Information in High Spatial Resolution Imagery for Classification of Individual Tree Species in a Temperate Hardwood Forest

Multitemporal, small-format 35-mm aerial photographs were combined in a coregistered database to determine the relative value of spectral and phenological information for overstory tree crown classification of digital images of the Eastern Deciduous Forest. A one-hectare study site, located in a second-growth forest 15 km east of Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, was photographed from a light aircraft nine times from May to October 1997 using both true-color and false-color infrared film. Using this imagery, differences in the spectral properties and timing of phenologic events between tree species made it possible to discriminate four deciduous tree species, namely Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, and Quercus alba, which made up nearly 99% of the trees at this study site. Optimally timed photography acquired during peak autumn colors provided the best single date of imagery, while photography from spring leaf-out was the second best. The best individual image band for tree species discrimination was the blue band. Classifications using all four spectral bands (blue, green, red, and infrared) and four dates (05/23/97, 06/23/97, 10/11/97, and 10/30/97) provided the best classification accuracies. Variable canopy illumination made digital classification of individual trees complex. A Likelihood Ratio test confirmed that the number of spectral bands included in the classification procedure (spectral resolution) and the number of dates (temporal resolution) significantly influenced the ability to identify tree species correctly. This study suggests that although multispectral data appear to be more valuable than multitemporal data, it may be possible to compensate for the limited spectral resolution of planned high-resolution sensors by combining multiple dates of low spectral resolution images.
Essential role of diastolic oscillatory potentials in adrenergic control of guinea pig sino-atrial node discharge

Background The diastolic oscillatory after-potential Vos and pre-potential ThVos play an essential role in the pacemaker mechanism of sino-atrial node (SAN). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these oscillatory potentials are also involved in adrenergic control of SAN discharge.
Campus intellectual property policy development

The evolution of the Internet and information technology in the last 20 years has been breathtakingly rapid, and promises to continue so. Faculty members in academic health centers have struggled to incorporate the new technology into the classroom and the laboratory but, in so doing, many questions arise regarding ownership and control of these new digital creations. These questions have led institutions to revisit their intellectual property (IP) policies. Librarians can play an important role in any effort to review IP policy. They already have a basic and applied understanding of copyright law and are often more knowledgeable than many of their colleagues. By taking the lead in updating or developing an IP policy, such as by chairing the committee, librarians can contribute to the institution in a way that cannot be done from inside the library, and can also provide a new context for measuring the librarian’s contribution to the institution.
Queer sex vignettes from a Brazilian favela: An ethnographic striptease

This article presents episodes of gay sex in the daily lives of people from a Brazilian shantytown (favela). It does so through a writing genre I call ‘ethnographic striptease’, which offers a picture of sexuality that is less ‘clinical’ and more similar to the form of an ‘erotic art’. This is based on the Foucauldian proposed distinction between two forms of knowledge discussed in History of Sexuality, Volume I: ‘scientia sexualis’ and ‘ars erotica’. I ask what an understanding of sexuality based more on the latter would look like. The result is presented in six concrete examples of this ethnographic form, which are provided in the article. These are followed by some personal commentaries, rather than by a ‘scientific analysis’ of them. By disrupting the boundaries of established narrative genres, the article offers a contribution towards the expansion of the ways in which human sexuality can be addressed and communicated. In a game of hiding and revealing, an ethnographic striptease offers a different l...
Effect of Certain Freezing Methods upon Microbes Associated with Chicken Meat

Abstract The number of viable aerobic microorganisms on the thighs of broiler chickens was determined before and after freezing using the following four freezing methods: (1) air blast at −29° C., (2) liquid nitrogen spray at −196° C., (3) “Nitreon” at −51° C., and (4) “Freon Food Freezant 12” immersion at −30° C. The chicken thighs were stored at −18° C. for 4 weeks and thawed at 0.6° C. for 20 hr. They were then inoculated with a 24 hr. culture of Salmonella typhimurium. The number of S. typhimurium of each chicken thigh was determined before and after freezing using the most probable number (MPN) method. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference (P The possibility of microorganisms being washed into the liquid “Freon Food Freezant 12” is discussed. Because the liquid freezant is reused to freeze subsequent batches of the product, the need for further work to confirm the presence or absence of S. typhimurium is stressed. It is suggested that a possible public health hazard could be reduced if a bacterial filter through which the liquid freezant can be recycled were used. Also, a spraying technique for liquid freezant is suggested. The importance of plant sanitation is stressed.
Baroclinic Instability with Cumulus Heating

Abstract We have investigated baroclinic instability with cumulus heating using a vertically discrete, linearized, quasi-geostrophic model on a β-plane. Two formulations of cumulus heating were used. The first formulation (η-model) rests on the assumption that heating at all levels is proportional to the vertical p-velocity at the top of the lowest model layer. The second formulation (AS-model) follows the cumulus parameterization proposed by Arakawa and Schubert. We present results for basic states with a constant temperature lapse rate and zonal flows linear in pressure. With both formulations, we found the Green modes for easterly shears destabilized by cumulus heating. We discuss the mechanism of this destabilization along with the vertical structure and energetics of the perturbations. We extended the analyses for basic zonal flows similar to those observed during the Indian summer monsoon season, with the AS-model. The wavelength, phase speed, growth rate and vertical structure corresponding to a pe...
Plus ca Change, Plus C’est la Même Chose: Editor’s Introduction to the Volume

Starting a second year as editor, it seems the right time for a Journal of School Choice update. With heroic help from the consulting editors, from my editorial assistants Sivan Tuchman and Leesa F...
Effect of buffer on paper electrophoretic studies on state of yttrium in blood.

SummaryThe use of blood plasma as a buffer for filter paper electrophoresis makes it possible to study the physico-chemical state of injected materials or of native blood constituents without subjecting the blood fractions to possible alterations by an artificial buffer. In veronal buffer yttrium appeared to exist in wholly immobile forms. In plasma buffer, yttrium existed in an immobile fraction and in an unionized fraction which moved with the solvent. Migration of materials as a result of solvent flow must be considered as a factor in the interpretation of electrophoretic studies of this type.
Qualitative Study of Aminoaciduria in Muscular Dystrophy and Myotonia Dystrophia.

Summary1. An increase in the number of urinary amino acids and certain related unidentified substances was observed in muscular dystrophy and myotonia dystrophica patients. 2. Increased numbers of amino acids were found in the urine of normal siblings and the maternal parents of muscular dystrophy patients.
STATUS QUO OF RESEARCH ON SEISMITES IN CHINA

Earthquake is a disaster event in the Earth crust.As a kind of catastrophic event rocks,seismites are rocks as archives of ancient earthquake activities,which can supply the dynamics explanation for the crust evolution,the global seismitc rhythm and seismites themselves were a kind of potential reservoir.There are many special structures which were generated by ancient earthquake recorded in the seismites,such as escaped structure of wicrite veins and liquefied deformation formed in the period of seismic liquefaction,microfold,graded fault,autoclast breccia,and homogeneied beds.The paper reviewed the seismic sequences about the marine stratum and continental stratum: the vibrational liquefaction sequence in carbornate rocks,seismite sequence in continental margin,sabkha seismites sequence and the autochthonous seismic liquefaction sequence in clastic rock.Four seism-deposits consist of autochthonous seismites,tsunamite and seismoturbidites.
A Comparison of Door-to-Puncture Times in Expedited Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (P2.315)

Objective: To evaluate how workflow management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients affects door-to-puncture time. Background: Stroke is the leading cause of disability and fifth leading cause of mortality in the United States. AIS account for 87[percnt] of all strokes. Until recently, IV-tPA was the only treatment option available for treating AIS. However, numerous randomized-controlled trials have demonstrated that rapid endovascular treatment (EVT) can improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in AIS patients over IV-tPA. There are several factors that determine clinical outcome in EVT, the most prominent of which has been time from last known well (LKW)-to-groin puncture. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients transferred to Brigham and Woman’s Hospital for EVT of AIS between January 2015 and October 2015. We compared stroke patients who were managed with the existing workflow and brought to the angiography suite via the emergency department, “traditional,” to patients who were either directly transported to the angiography suite or transported to the angiography suite in an expedited fashion, “direct”. The primary outcome measure was door-to-puncture time. Secondary outcome measures included time from LKW-to-puncture and modified Rankin score (mRS) at discharge. Results: 25 patients were identified. Of those, 20 were admitted upon arrival, while 5 were expedited to the angiography suite. There was a significant difference in door-to-puncture time (27 versus 76 minutes, p=0.04), favoring the “direct” group. LKW-to-puncture was 250 versus 293 minutes, respectively (p=0.6, possibly due to high variability in pre-hospital time). Discharge mRS was 3.8 versus 4.1, respectively (p=0.8, likely due to short follow-up). Conclusions: We demonstrate that a substantial time difference exists in the treatment of traditional versus direct AIS patients. Transporting stroke patients directly to the angiography suite may result in significant time saving and lead to better functional outcomes. This should be evaluated in larger prospective studies. Disclosure: Dr. Nayan has nothing to disclose. Dr. See has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khandelwal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aziz-Sultan has received personal compensation for activities with Covidien.
A comment on “Three reasons to use annual payments in contingent valuation”

Egan, Corrigan and Dwyer (2015) conduct a survey of Ohio residents and collect contingent valuation method data for a wetlands restoration project. The CVM scenario includes a split sample treatment where payment schedules differ. My analysis of these data suggests that there is little evidence of theoretical validity in the data and “fat tails” is a significant problem.