cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interannual variability in chlorophyll concentrations in the Humboldt and California Current Systems

SeaWiFS data provide the first systematic comparison of 10 years (1997–2007) of chlorophyll interannual variability over the California (CCS) and Humboldt (HCS) Current Systems. Dominant signals are adjacent to the coast in the wind-driven upwelling zone. Maximum anomalies in both systems are negative signals during the 1997–1998 El Nino that persist into 1999 at most latitudes. Thereafter, anomalies primarily appear to be associated with shifts in phenology, with those in the CCS stronger than those of the HSC. Prominent signals in the CCS are positive anomalies in 2001–2002 at latitudes >35N and 40N into 2007. In the HCS, latitudinally extensive positive events occur in austral summers of 2002–2003, 2003–2004. Relationships of chlorophyll anomalies to forcing are explored through correlations to local upwelling anomalies and three indices of Pacific Ocean basin-scale variability, the Multivariate El Nino Index (MEI), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). These show that each system has strong latitudinal regionality in linkage to forcing. At higher latitudes, correlations follow expected relationships of increased (decreased) chlorophyll with positive upwelling and NPGO (MEI and PDO). At specific latitudes, notably the Southern California Bight and off Peru, where circulation and/or chlorophyll phenology differ from canonical EBUS patterns, correlations weaken or oppose those expected. Correlations excluding the El Nino period remain similar in the CCS but substantially changed in the HCS, indicating much stronger domination of El Nino conditions on HCS anomaly relationships over this 10-year period.
Experiences with Target-Platform Heterogeneity in Clouds, Grids, and On-Premises Resources

Heterogeneity in secondary characteristics of different HPC target platforms is the focus of this paper. Clusters, grids, and (IaaS) clouds may appear straightforward to configure to be interchangeable - but our experiences with mainstream parallel codes for CFD demonstrate that secondary attributes - support software, interconnect type, availability, access, and cost - expose heterogeneous aspects that impact overall effectiveness of application execution. The emergence of clouds as alternatives to grids and local resources for parallel HPC codes portends "computing as a utility" in science and engineering domains. Our experiences provide preliminary insights into characterizing these different types of platforms to which users typically have access - and show where the tradeoffs can be, in terms of deployment effort, actual and nominal costs, application performance, and availability (both in terms of resource size and time to gain access). For our test application, we report that each of the platforms to which we had access had its particular benefits and drawbacks in terms of the above attributes. More generally, our experiences may provide an example preview into what developers and users can expect when selecting a "utility provider" and specific instance thereof for a particular run of their application.
Systolic apical filling in a patient with progressive apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and giant negative T waves

A relatively asymptomatic 58-year-old nonhyper-tensive male developed changes of remarkable apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with deep negative T-wave change and marked ventricular dyssynergy without apparent precipitating cause over a nine-year period.
Mesenteric venous thrombosis

Sixteen patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis were reviewed retrospectively during a period from 1983 to 1987. Twelve patients had progressive abdominal pain, three had gastrointestinal bleeding, and one had general malaise. Seven of these 16 patients had previous deep-vein thrombosis. After negative routine gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary evaluation, 11 patients underwent an infusion computerized tomographic scan. Of these, 10 had superior mesenteric vein thrombosis; three of these 10 patients had portal vein thrombosis. Selective arteriography was done in two patients because of gastrointestinal bleeding, and a diagnosis of mesenteric vein thrombosis was made on the venous phase of the examination. The remaining four patients developed acute abdominal symptoms requiring surgical exploration, at which time mesenteric venous thrombosis was discovered. An identifiable coagulopathy was detected in nine patients (protein C deficiency in six, protein S deficiency in two, and factor IX deficiency treated with factor IX concentrate in one). No case of congenital antithrombin-III deficiency was identified. Six of these nine patients had a past history of deep venous thrombosis. Of five patients who underwent surgical exploration, all required bowel resection. In follow-up, two patients died of intestinal necrosis and a third died of associated pancreatic cancer. Thirteen patients were discharged from the hospital. Treatment of coagulopathy was by heparin in three patients and sodium warfarin (Coumadin) in four patients. Long-term anticoagulation was not instituted because of gastrointestinal bleeding in three and cirrhosis in three patients. Mesenteric venous thrombosis can occur without gangrenous bowel. Diagnosis should be suspected when acute abdominal symptoms develop in patients with prior thrombotic episodes and a coagulopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Slave Religion, Slave Hiring, and the Incipient Proletarianization of Enslaved Black Labor: Developing Du Bois’ Thesis on Black Participation in the Civil War as a Revolution

WEB Du Bois argued that black participation in the US Civil War was “the largest and most successful slave revolt,” but he did not link the causative agents of black participation in the war to those that motivated other major slave revolts in the antebellum USA. In this essay, I focus on how two factors contributed to such revolts: (1) slave religion, which provided an ideological justification for overthrowing the slave system and mobile slave preachers to articulate it, and (2) the system of hiring out slaves—especially slave artisans, which increased their disaffection with the slave system, while expanding networks across plantations and rural and urban slave and free black communities. I argue that these two factors provided ideological motivation and institutional coordination for the antebellum revolts and for the slave revolt of the Civil War, as well.
Wave Characteristics with Restricted Fetch: Case Study of Lake Okeechobee: ABSTRACT

In the design of earth work constructions along rivers and lakes, it is important to know the relations between wind and the waves. Such observations are a first stage in a complete investigation of wave effects on beaches and earth structures of different shapes and materials. The generally used form of these relations deals with deepwater conditions, where the fetch is unlimited. Such relations cannot be applied to small lakes and protected bays. The earliest work in this field was that of Johnson on Clear Lake, California. He concluded that wind duration but not fetch was the controlling factor in any kind of change in wave characteristics. Later, on the basis of the study of Abbots Lagoon, California, Johnson showed that the dimensionless term gf/u2 is useful in estimating wave conditions within certain limits. Burling compared the wave data from Staines reservoir with the data End_Page 2210------------------------------ of Johnson, Bretschneider, and Sverdrup and Munk. Whereas the curves are of the same form, there is a great amount of discrepancy. Burling's line is 15-25 percent below the other lines. Data from Lake Okeechobee, Florida, indicate that there is a transitional region between deep water and shallow water, where the wave height is affected by combinations of wavelength and depth of water. The data from Lake Okeechobee align closely with Burling's results. However, Burling's observations were from a reservoir where the maximum fetch was about one km. In Okeechobee the fetch ranges up to 60 km. The Okeechobee study reveals that the proper method to define shallow-water waves should include fetch and wind velocities as well as the depth of water. The wave heights are lower than expected for lower wind velocities and higher than expected for higher wind velocities in shallow water, with limited fetch. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2211------------
On the quasi-projectivity of compactifiable strongly pseudoconvex manifolds

Abstract We construct new examples of non-Kahlerian 1-convex threefolds X with exceptional set ≅ P 1 (resp. ≅ F 2 ). Also the structure of Pic ( X ) will be studied. On the other hand, we shall investigate the quasi-projective structure of certain Kahlerian compactifiable 1-convex manifolds; particular attention will be given to 3-fold cases through concrete examples.
WldS but not Nmnat1 protects dopaminergic neurites from MPP+ neurotoxicity

The Wld S mouse mutant ("Wallerian degeneration-slow") delays axonal degeneration in a variety of disorders including in vivo models of Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms underlying Wld S -mediated axonal protection are unclear, although many studies have attributed Wld S neuroprotection to the NAD+-synthesizing Nmnat1 portion of the fusion protein. Here, we used dissociated dopaminergic cultures to test the hypothesis that catalytically active Nmnat1 protects dopaminergic neurons from toxin-mediated axonal injury. Using mutant mice and lentiviral transduction of dopaminergic neurons, the present findings demonstrate that Wld S but not Nmnat1, Nmnat3, or cytoplasmically-targeted Nmnat1 protects dopamine axons from the parkinsonian mimetic N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Moreover, NAD+ synthesis is not required since enzymatically-inactive Wld S still protects. In addition, NAD+ by itself is axonally protective and together with Wld S is additive in the MPP+ model. Our data suggest that NAD+ and Wld S act through separate and possibly parallel mechanisms to protect dopamine axons. As MPP+ is thought to impair mitochondrial function, these results suggest that Wld S might be involved in preserving mitochondrial health or maintaining cellular metabolism.
Gallic Acid in Phycomyces Sporangiophores

THE discovery of a strong negative phototropism to ultra-violet illumination in Phycomyces sporangiophores1 focuses attention on the presence of ultraviolet-absorbing substances in these organs. Such a substance might function as a primary photosensitive pigment, as a screening pigment, or possibly as both. This report concerns how I have isolated an ultra-violet-absorbing substance from sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus and shown this substance to be gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid). It is well known that gallic acid is produced by a Phycomyces mycelium2,3, and the presence of gallic acid in Sporangiophores has been briefly noted by Schroter4.
Effects of Oxygen Transport on 3-D Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Metabolic Activity in Perfusion and Static Cultures: Experiments and Mathematical Model

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have unique potential to develop into functional tissue constructs to replace a wide range of tissues damaged by disease or injury. While recent studies have highlighted the necessity for 3-D culture systems to facilitate the proper biological, physiological, and developmental processes of the cells, the effects of the physiological environment on the intrinsic tissue development characteristics in the 3-D scaffolds have not been fully investigated. In this study, experimental results from a 3-D perfusion bioreactor system and the static culture are combined with a mathematical model to assess the effects of oxygen transport on hMSC metabolism and proliferation in 3-D constructs grown in static and perfusion conditions. Cells grown in the perfusion culture had order of magnitude higher metabolic rates, and the perfusion culture supports higher cell density at the end of cultivation. The specific oxygen consumption rate for the constructs in the perfusion bioreactor was found to decrease from 0.012 to 0.0017 micromol/10(6) cells/h as cell density increases, suggesting intrinsic physiological change at high cell density. BrdU staining revealed the noneven spatial distribution of the proliferating cells in the constructs grown under static culture conditions compared to the cells that were grown in the perfusion system. The hypothesis that the constructs in static culture grow under oxygen limitation is supported by higher Y(L/G) in static culture. Modeling results show that the oxygen tension in the static culture is lower than that of the perfusion unit, where the cell density was 4 times higher. The experimental and modeling results show the dependence of cell metabolism and spatial growth patterns on the culture environment and highlight the need to optimize the culture parameters in hMSC tissue engineering.
Origin and diversification of the soldier meadow springsnails (Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis), a species flock in the northwestern Great Basin, United States

ABSTRACTThe large, western North American hydrobiid gastropod genus Pyrgulopsis (commonly known as springsnails) includes a series of locally endemic faunas that are thought to be species flocks. Although these assemblages are of interest from the evolutionary, biogeographic and conservation perspectives, their monophyly and phylogenetic relationships have yet to be rigorously evaluated. Here we present a molecular phylogeny (based on mitochondrial sequence data) of a putative flock of four thermal spring-dwelling springsnails that is distributed in many sites in Soldier Meadow and a single locality in Bog Hot Valley (northwestern Nevada). Our analyses support monophyly of this assemblage (‘Soldier Meadow clade’) and a close relationship with other regional species and suggest that the invasion of thermal habitats by these springsnails occurred independently of other such radiations within the genus. The divergence of the Soldier Meadow clade relative to its sister group is substantial (6.79-10.36% for COI, 10.35-15.88% for NDI), suggesting a split in the early Pliocene, based on the application of a COI clock for Pyrgulopsis. The splits within the Soldier Meadow clade into three main subunits also appear to be old events, based on their 5.78-8.54% COI divergence relative to each other. These findings are consistent with a long history of springsnail evolution in Soldier Meadow, which is intriguing given that this basin was flooded by Lake Lahontan during periods of the early and middle Pleistocene. We suggest that progenitors of the contemporary fauna survived in high elevation springs that may have been present in the basin during these pluvial periods and subsequently colonized contemporary habitats following the termination of the extreme Lake Lahontan highstands. We speculate that the broadly disjunct population (of P. militaris) in Bog Hot Valley, which is consistently nested within the Soldier Meadow clade in our phylogenetic analyses, is either a vicariant relict of a spring zone that may have once extended between these two areas; or was founded by a past ‘jump’ dispersal event from Soldier Meadow. Phylogeographic structure of springsnail populations in Soldier Meadow bears the strong stamp of geologically recent, allopatric diversification, perhaps reflecting the short time that basin floor habitats have been occupied. We describe a new species (P. varneri) for a series of recently discovered populations that are monophyletic, substantially divergent and morphologically distinctive. Additional studies will be necessary to confidently assess the taxonomic status of morphologically distinctive P. limaria and P. umbilicata, which are shown herein to be little divergent genetically; and a recently discovered minute springsnail that is morphologically divergent yet closely similar genetically to P. notidicola.
Low Education as a Risk Factor for Undiagnosed Angina

Background: Early awareness, recognition, and treatment of angina can help prevent or delay an acute myocardial infarction and potentially delay death. A patient’s educational level may affect a physician’s diagnosis of angina and/or a patient’s symptom recognition. The objective of this study was to determine whether low education is a risk factor for undiagnosed angina. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2008, providing a nationally representative sample of adults >40 years of age with angina based on physician diagnosis, presence of angina symptoms based on the Rose Questionnaire, or both. Educational attainment (high school or less vs more than high school) was the independent variable of interest. Undiagnosed angina (angina symptoms in the absence of angina diagnosis) was the dependent variable. We used logistic regression to control for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and health care visit during the past year. Results: Low education was associated with undiagnosed angina (odds ratio: 1.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.03). Other undiagnosed angina predictors included being female, being black, and having no health care visit during the past year. Conclusions: Low education is associated with undiagnosed angina. These results underscore the need for providers to ask about angina symptoms and confirm patients’ understanding of their angina diagnosis among those with low education. (J Am Board Fam Med 2012;25:416 – 421.)
An Alternative Method for Sample Size Determination in Substance Misuse Prevention Research

There is considerable evidence that social science researchers often fail to adequately address statistical power and related sample size issues. This tendency has been particularly salient in substance misuse prevention research. Although failure to carefully address statistical power and sample size issues most frequently results in studies lacking statistical power, other problems can also occur. For example, sample size determination in controlled studies which focus on rates of substance initiation and similar measures require close consideration of baseline rates indicated by these measures. Otherwise, when conventional procedures for sample size determination are utilized, samples in these studies can exceed the size necessary for predesignated levels of power. This article presents a simple alternative to conventional procedures for sample size determination which can be applied to controlled study of substance initiation and similar outcomes.
Telestroke Evolution From Maximization to Optimization

See related article, p 2086. Telemedicine in the stroke arena has now progressed from its infancy to its young adulthood with expected growing pains along the way. Its growth over the past 1 to 2 decades has been shockingly fast. Beyond the scope of this editorial is a detailed description of the progress in the field. Instead, this editorial will highlight an apparent change in focus from simply maximizing stroke therapies to optimizing how and when these therapies are delivered. The accompanying article,1 and similar recent publications, focus our attention on the implementation of telestroke into the ambulance setting. This natural growth of telemedicine is highlighting this change in focus from telestroke maximization to optimization. The authors of this article describe a pilot trial assessing the use of telestroke in the prehospital setting. The aim was to assess feasibility and reliability of performing National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) evaluations in simulated ambulance runs. Real-time audio–video telemedicine devices were placed in 3 ambulances and NIHSS scoring was performed. Forty percent of the scenarios were feasible with weighted κ values of 0.69 for real-time examiners. The article has significance first because it notes early feasibility in ambulances. Second, it highlights a shift away from simply maximizing acute telestroke recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) and begins a shift toward …
Eddy currents in thin circular cylinders of uniform conductivity, due to periodically changing magnetic fields, in two dimensions

The paper deals with the eddy currents in thin circular cylinders of uniform conducting material, due to periodic currents in conductors lying parallel to the axis of the cylinder, or to the rotation of the cylinder in a two-dimensional field of force. The first of these problems was discussed by Mr M. B. Field in a paper entitled “Eddy current losses in three-phase cable sheaths,” read before the British Association at their Cambridge meeting in 1904. The solution proposed, however, although probably sufficient for the object, is mathematically defective, in that the field due to the current carried by the cable is assumed as the total field, the effect of the eddy-current field on the eddy currents themselves being left out of account.
Texture analysis and clustering using the Wigner distribution

Clustering (or grouping), defined as the taxonomy of objects (image regions) into categories based on the similarity of their characteristics, is examined. Both in computer and human vision, the use of joint spatial/spatial-frequency (s/sf) representations in this process are suggested. The Wigner and pseudo-Wigner distributions, examples of s/sf representations, are discussed. A comparison is made between the Wigner distribution, the spectrogram, the difference-of-Gaussians representation, and the Gabor representation. Experimental results in the areas of texture segmentation and Gestalt grouping using the Wigner distribution are presented, proving the feasibility of such an approach. >
Use of an adjustable tourniquet to reverse cyanosis in the newborn pig.

Abstract Background . Previous surgical models of cyanosis have been permanent. Because normal oxygenation was not restored in these models, it is unclear whether the metabolic changes produced by prolonged exposure to hypoxemia are irreversible. We therefore designed an experimental model of cyanosis that is reversible. Methods . The left atrial appendage was anastomosed directly to the main pulmonary artery in 8 piglets, aged 2 to 4 weeks. Results . The oxygen saturation fell from 95.3% ± 0.8% to 72.4% ± 3.9% ( p Conclusions . In this acute preparation, stable hemodynamic conditions were maintained despite substantial variations in systemic levels of oxygenation. Most important, this model allows reversal of cyanosis with the return of normal oxygenation. Application of this experimental design in a chronic model may help to determine whether the metabolic effects of prolonged hypoxemia are potentially reversible. (Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:456–8)
Fern speciation and biogeography

The most common kinds of speciation result in new species that initially have a small range. These will develop a limited or an extensive range depending upon the geographic extent of the environment to which they are adapted. A significant element in the extent of the potential range of a new species is the adaptation inherited from the parental species. Selection of a parental species for a local environment at one site can lead to a narrow ecological adaptation and often to a limited potential range. These species are likely to produce derived ones that also have a limited range, and these derivates will increase the regional species endemism and diversity. Selection of a parental species for migration to other sites can lead to a broader ecological adaptation and often to a broad potential range. These species are more likely to produce derived ones that also have an extensive range, and these derivates will increase regional species diversity.
P21/WAF1 is an independent survival prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection

Background/Aims: The cyclin kinase inhibitor p21/WAF1 is regulated by p53dependent or independent pathways and inhibits the action of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The prognostic role of p21/WAF1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ambiguous. To further clarify this, we examined the expression of three genes in HCC. Methods: A total of 122 resected HCC specimens were collected from 1987 to 1998. Expression of p21/WAF1, p53, and PCNA in HCC was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunoreactivity was detectable for p21/WAF1 in 37%, and for p53 in 41.8% of HCCs. Positive expression of both genes does not relate to each other, but both are associated with a high PCNA labelling index (LI) (Po0.05) in tumour. p53 (1) is also associated with high serum a-foetoprotein (aFP) (Po0.001), tumour dedifferentiation (P=0.001) and advancedpathologicstages(P=0.017). However, p21/WAF1 (1)did notshowclinicopathologic significance. Survival analysis indicated that poor prognostic factors were p21/WAF1 ( � )( P=0.024),p53( 1 )( P=0.008), high PCNA (Po0.001), tumour without capsule (P=0.001), poor tumour differentiation (P=0.004), advanced pathologic stage (Po0.001), and high serum aFP(Po0.001). Independent factors were p21/WAF1 expression, pathologic stage, and PCNA. Conclusion: In HCC, increased proliferation index PCNA is significantly associated with positive p53 and p21/WAF1. But p21/WAF1 expression did not relate to p53 expression. P21/WAF1 (1) is a good event and serves as an independent survival prognostic factor for HCC, which is a novel finding apart from previous reports.
The Initiation Codon Affects Ribosome Binding and Translational Efficiency in Escherichia coli of cI mRNA with or without the 5′ Untranslated Leader

Translational efficiency of an AUG, CUG, GUG, or UUG initiation codon was measured for the naturally leaderless cI mRNA from bacteriophage λ. In a cI-lacZ translational fusion, only AUG supported a high level of expression; GUG supported a low level of expression, while UUG and CUG expression was barely above background levels. Addition of an untranslated lac leader and Shine-Dalgarno sequence to cI increased expression but still showed a dependence on an AUG for maximum expression. cI-lacZ mRNA with an AUG initiation codon showed a greater in vitro ribosome binding strength and a higher level of full-length in vivo mRNA, suggesting that the initiation codon is an important determinant of ribosome binding strength and translational efficiency for mRNA with or without the 5′ untranslated leader.
Effect of prolonged ultrasonic instrumentation on the retention of cemented cast crowns.

Abstract Occasionally the need arises to remove restorations that have been cemented. Several ultrasonic tips have been developed to aid in removing cemented restorations. Earlier studies of the effects of ultrasonic vibration reveal detrimental effects on amalgam surface and marginal integrity and, at short instrumentation periods (2.5 minutes) in vitro, no significant effect on the retention of cemented cast crowns. Twenty identically machined metal dies had nonprecious crowns waxed, cast, and fitted. Each casting was cemented twice with glass ionomer and zinc phosphate cement. Each cement was tested for the effects of vibration on retention. The cements were mixed according to manufacturer's specifications, placed under 5 kg load, then placed in 37 °C water and contained in a humidor. Retention was tested with a 4202 Instron machine to determine the forces needed to overcome retention. Retention ranged from a high of 125.36 kg for glass ionomer without vibration to a low of 19.11 kg for zinc phosphate vibrated for 12 minutes. The use of vibration is considered an advantageous adjunct to other cast restoration removal devices.
Multistate Cohort Models With Proportional Transfer Rates

We present a new, broadly applicable approach to summarizing the behavior of a cohort as it moves through a variety of statuses (or states). The approach is based on the assumption that all rates of transfer maintain a constant ratio to one another over age. We present closed-form expressions for the size and state composition of the cohort at every age and provide expressions for other useful summary measures. The state trajectories, or life course schematics, depict all the possible size and state configurations that the cohort can exhibit over its life course under the specified pattern of transfer rates. The two living state case and hierarchical multistate models with any number of living states are analyzed in detail. Applying our approach to 1997 U.S. fertility data, we find that observed rates of parity progression are roughly proportional over age. Our proportional transfer rate approach provides trajectories by parity state and facilitates analyses of the implications of changes in parity rate levels and patterns. More women complete childbearing at parity 2 than at any other parity, and parity 2 would be the modal parity in models with total fertility rates (TFRS) of 1.40 to 2.61. Increases in parity progression rates to parities 4 and above have little effect on a cohort’s TFR, while changes in childlessness have a substantial impact.
Joint detection in multi-user systems via iterative processing

Multiuser detection of CDMA signals is studied in the light of iterative processing. The complete factor graph of a coded CDMA system is used to develop several successively less complex joint detection algorithms whose performance is related to the computational complexity of the algorithm.
Gene regulation: It matters who you hang out with

How broadly expressed transcription factors contribute to tissue-specific gene expression is not well understood. Andzelm, Cherry et al. (2015) demonstrate that myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) binds and activates retina-specific regulatory regions by cooperative interaction with the tissue-specific transcription factor CRX.
Coupled-bunch instability study of multi-cell deflecting mode cavities for the Advanced Photon Source

The short-pulse X-ray project at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) uses four room-temperature, three-cell, 2.815-GHz, deflecting-mode cavities in two consecutive straight sections. Undamped, these cavities' higher-order and lower-order resonator modes will cause multi-bunch instabilities in longitudinal and transverse planes for any bunch pattern of a 100-mA store. Damping of these modes must be part of the design of the cavities. We report calculations of instability growth rates that were essential in specifying and checking the rf design of the damping structures. We used various operating bunch patterns and scanned levels of damping of the cavities. Because one of the operating bunch patterns is not symmetric, we used a normal mode analysis implemented in the APS code clinchor. Our calculation included random sampling of resonator frequencies in a reasonable range.
Insulin pump therapy for older adults: case report.

Pump therapy offers some people with insulin-treated diabetes a way to achieve stricter blood glucose con trol and more flexible lives. While strict control may be most important for young people, older adults may benefit from the freedom possible with pump therapy. This case presentation describes the use of an insulin pump by a 68-year-old man whose main goal was to have more flexibility in his meal frequency and timing. Some special con siderations for pump therapy in older adults in clude the use of a sim pler, less expensive in sulin pump, visual aids, and less strict blood glucose targets.
The Marginal Utility of Medical Resources in Clinics with Deterministic Patient Arrivals: A Simulation Study

In recent years, dramatic increase in the cost of health care has compelled practitioners to draw a balance between improving efficiency and reducing costs. A discrete-event simulation model has been constructed to assist a typical two-physician family practice healthcare clinic in evaluating potential resource allocations to improve operating efficiencies and patient satisfaction. A performance measure, constructed on a monetary scale (dollars/day), strives to simultaneously satisfy the conflicts of patients, medical staff, and clinic owners by capturing system dynamics. Utility of medical resources is studied from the point of view of a local two-physician nephrology clinic in the light of resource flexibility, resource scheduling, and resource allocation to arrive at an ‘efficient utility frontier’, a reflection of patient satisfaction.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MICROMECHANICS-BASED CONSTITUTIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF PULTRUDED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

A new 3D micromechanics-based framework is proposed for the nonlinear analysis of pultruded fiber-reinforced polymeric composites. The proposed 3D modeling framework is a nested multiscale approach that explicitly recognizes the response of the composite systems (layers) within the cross section of the pultruded member. These layers can have reinforcements in the form of roving, continuous filament mat (CFM), and/or woven fabrics. Different 3D micromechanical models for the layers can be used to recognize the basic response of the fiber and matrix materials. The framework is implemented with both shell and 3D finite elements. The 3D lamination theory is used to generate a homogenized nonlinear effective response for a through-thickness representative stacking sequence. The proposed modeling framework for pultruded composites is used to predict the stiffness and nonlinear stress-strain response of E-glass/vinylester pultruded materials reinforced with roving and CFM. The roving layer is idealized using a 3D nonlinear micromechanics model for a unidirectional fiber- reinforced material. A simple nonlinear micromechanics model for the CFM layer is also applied. The proposed model shows very good predictive capabilities of the overall effective properties and the nonlinear response of pultruded composites, based on the in situ material properties, and the volume fractions of the constituents. Experimental data from off-axis tests of pultruded plates under uniaxial compression are used to verify the proposed model. The proposed framework can be easily incorporated within displacement-based finite-element models of composite structures.
Intercultural group decision and negotiation with ESD and computer support

Intercultural group decision and negotiation processes involve interaction of two or more cultures. Such processes may be formally modeled using the evolutionary systems design (ESD) framework. Using ESD, players in a multicultural group can be computer supported in generating and formally representing an evolving common joint culture (a situational culture) with regard to the problem at hand-an intercultural evolving group problem representation. This formal modeling and computer support based on ESD are discussed, as well as informal aspects of supporting intercultural group decision and negotiation processes.
Salmonella in Reptiles

The popularity of reptiles as pets and exhibit animals in zoologic gardens continues to increase. As long as these animals remain popular, veterinarians will be asked to field questions regarding the Salmonell in reptiles. This article will present an overview of the taxonomy of Salmonella and the virulence factors associated with these bacterial organisms. Microbiological culture is the standard method for isolation of Salmonella , and the various culture techniques used to isolate Salmonella will be presented. Salmonella is routinely isolated from apparently healthy reptiles, howtine, Salmonella can also cause significant pathology in reptiles. This article will present an overview of the current literature. The major concern facing most veterinarians working with reptiles is handling reptile-assoociated salmonellosis (RAS). A historical review of RAS will be discussed.
Distance education: trends and redefinition

Distance Education has become widespread in the United States. Many have questioned the appropriateness of distance education when the research clearly demonstrates that most learners prefer to learn in traditional educational settings. Because of the availability of sophisticated telecommunications systems there has been a redefinition of distance education, and an attempt to use technology to make equivalent the experiences of all learners no matter when or where they learn. This paper discusses the redefinition of distance education and the philosophical position taken by many in the field.
Power Supplies for Space Vehicles

It is becoming more apparent as space vehicles are developed for a variety of missions that a major limitation will be the availability of long life electric power sources. This dissertation discusses many of the problems associated with the development of such power sources and they are utilized in two different purposes. One is power for propulsion, and the other is electric power for devices which are used in communications packages, probes, navigation, weather surveillance, space, moon or planet stations, instrumentation, guidance and control, scientific observation packages, and devices for manned vehicles and an assortment of various servo-machinery powered by electricity. An immediate observation concedes that reliability of the power system should be at least as good as the various electrical devices to be operated. A power system which will operate for several years is a goal to be sought. In terms of specific requirements, the power system should be no better, or perhaps a bit better, than the electrical devices to be driven. Throughout this paper an attempt will be made to indicate he role of reliability in space power. The subject of reliability has been dealt with rather extensively in the field of electronics because a vast array of equipment depends on it. If power systems for space are developed with a reliability such that the systems can be operated for a year or two, one may find that the electronics in space vehicles are not quite as reliable. A the present time, solar cells coupled with nickel-cadmium batteries are the only power systems being currently used in U.S. space vehicles. Other types, however, are in development stages. Although there is experimental evidence to indicate that the solar cells with proper protection against radiation will have lifetimes (1 to 5 years), there is some pessimism regarding the reliability of sealed nickel-cadmium batteries. The thousands of cycles that this compact battery must be subject to and the normally slow but sure degradation that generally occurs at the electrodes and in the membranes has resulted in a present estimate of mean life to failure of four months where a low orbit vehicle is involved. However, if a space vehicle is in an orbit containing large amounts of high energy protons (2000 miles altitude), little can be done to protect the solar cell for long periods of time.
Ovine progressive pneumonia, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, and related lentiviral diseases of sheep and goats.

History and syndromes of pneumonia, encephalitis, arthritis, and mastitis are reviewed.Occurrence, etiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases are discussed.
TRANSSEPTAL DELIVERY FOR MITRAL VALVE IN VALVE PROCEDURES USING AN APICAL RAIL: TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL RESULTS

Prior surgical mitral rings or prosthetic valves may degenerate. Re-operation may be prohibitive, thus requiring an alternative such as transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Using a transseptal route with an apical access as a rail; we performed TMVR in 11 patients. From 12/2013 - 8/2015,
Abstract 934: Chromokinesin KIF4 facilitates chromatin organization critical for immunoglobulin class switch recombination and prevents lymphoma formation

Un-repaired DNA damage and chromosomal translocations are the major causes of genomic instability found in various human cancers. We have observed spontaneous B-cell Follicular lymphomas (FL) in a knock-out (KO) mouse model generated by gene trapping of KIF4, a unique DNA-binding, nuclear and chromatin-associated molecular motor. We have previously shown that KIF4 is an important modulator of higher-order chromatin structure and is required for maintaining genomic stability. Since FL often results from altered levels of DNA recombination of the immune system caused by chromosome structural changes, we investigated the contributions of KIF4 in regulating chromatin structure for B cell function. We show that there is an abnormal proliferation of B cells in mice in both bone marrow and spleen of young adult mice lacking KIF4 function. Chromosome spread from young adult knockout and neoplastic splenocytes show abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy) and structure in the absence of KIF4 indicating that KIF4 is critical in maintaining genome integrity in vivo. Maintaining and establishing a stable but dynamic chromatin organization is critical for successful class switch recombination during B cell development. We observed that immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) in activated B cells is severely impaired in the absence of KIF4. Moreover, our biochemical and proteomic analysis reveals that repressive chromatin marks such as trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 or 27 that regulate global gene expression patterns, are significantly altered in maturing B cells in the absence of KIF4 compared to wild type control cells. This data demonstrates that KIF4 is necessary for modulating dynamic chromatin structure via a remodeling activity that allows or restricts access to the Igh locus for CSR and antibody diversity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 934. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-934
Assessment of Early Tibiofemoral Joint Space Width Changes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction: A Matched Case-Control Study

Background:Progression of primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) is often quantified by measuring structural alterations of the joint such as those in tibiofemoral joint space width (JSW) over time. Limited information is available regarding changes that occur during the onset and progression of posttraumatic OA (PTOA) that are often associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Furthermore, there is a paucity of information regarding JSW changes in healthy patients, making JSW interpretation challenging during early PTOA progression.Purpose:To evaluate tibiofemoral JSW after ACL injury, ACL reconstruction, and rehabilitation compared with healthy, matched controls.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:A total of 39 ACL-injured patients and 32 matched controls were evaluated. Injured patients were assessed at presurgical baseline and after ACL reconstruction (mean follow-up, 46 months), as were controls. Bilateral, standing, fluoroscopy-assisted, and posterior-anterior metatarsal-ph...
Health Care Resource Utilization in Patients Requiring Urgent Surgical/Interventional Management While Taking Dabigatran: Interim Results From the Re-Verse Ad Study

In anticoagulated patients, urgent procedure/surgery must either be delayed, performed with an acknowledged risk of impaired hemostasis and bleeding complications, or preceded by reversal or coagulation factor repletion. REVERSE-AD™, an ongoing trial investigating the efficacy and safety of
Split-dose preparation for colonoscopy increased adenoma detection rates

Source Citation Radaelli F, Paggi S, Hassan C, et al. Split-dose preparation for colonoscopy increases adenoma detection rate: a randomised controlled trial in an organised screening programme. Gut...
Assessment of thixotropy models for waxy crude based on the hysteresis loop

The thixotropy of waxy crude is an important rheological behavior to the hydraulic characteristics and safety in the restart process of oil pipelines.The hysteresis loops of four types of waxy crude were experimentally studied under the cyclic shearing condition of firstly increasing in linear pattern and then decreasing of shear rate.The data of single hysteresis loop obtained from the shear rate of one cycling and the multiple loops obtained from the shear cycling at various shear rates were fitted respectively using the least square.The average absolute deviation was taken as the statistical index to the experimental data.Eight thixotropy models were evaluated by the least-square regressions.Among eight models,five ones are developed specially for waxy crudes,and the other three ones are developed for human blood and proved to be suitable for describing the hysteresis loop.It is concluded that the most suitable model for describing the characteristics of hysteresis loop is developed from Cheng's idea on the basis of the Houska model about two kinds of structures(reversible and irreversible structures) existing in waxy oils.
Lesson Context and Student Behavior in a Physical Education Class of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

An action research study was conducted during the first year of a physical education program at a nonpublic, special education school predominantly serving students with emotional and behavioral disorders, and who are wards of the state living in group homes and foster care homes. In the role of teacher and principal investigator, the researcher conducted a year-long action research study of this program. One primary research question was the following: Is the pattern of inappropriate student behavior among students with emotional and behavioral disorders the same across different lesson contexts? Delivery of this physical education program occurred over the course of an entire school year, teaching physical education 2 days per week for 45 minutes to a group of 57 students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Thirty days were randomly selected for data collection related to this research question, recording student behavior in relation to lesson context. There were 10 lesson context categories, including: class entry; warm-up activity; fitness activity; receiving instructions; skill practice; game play; transition; waiting; equipment collection; and class exit. There were six categories of inappropriate student behavior, including: verbal aggression; noncompliance; physical aggression; walking out; running away; and property destruction. A chi-square analysis was conducted to identify patterns of student behavior across lesson context categories.