cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Cognition and Revictimization Risk

The ability to accurately detect violations in social contracts likely helps people to avoid or to withdraw from relationships in which they are at risk of being cheated or harmed. Betrayal trauma theory argues that detecting violations of social contracts may be counter-productive to survival under certain conditions, such as when a victim is dependent on a perpetrator. When dependent on a perpetrator (as in the case of child abuse perpetrated by a caregiver), the victim may be better able to preserve the necessary attachment with the caregiver by remaining unaware of the abuse. Thus, the victim may develop a compromised capacity to detect violations of social contracts in the caregiving relationship. Over time, the victim may develop more generalized problems detecting violations in social exchange rules; in turn, generalized problems in detecting violations of social contracts may increase risk for later victimization. Participants in the current study were asked to detect violations in three types of conditional (if-then) rules: abstract, social contract (rules involving a social exchange), and precautionary (rules involving safety). Young adults who reported experiences of revictimization made more errors on social contract and precautionary problems than a no revictimization group; group performance did not differ for abstract problems, suggesting these findings are not explained by general deficits in conditional reasoning. Pathological dissociation significantly predicted errors on social contract and precautionary problems.
Madonna del Piano (Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, central Italy) ox and dog : a case of intentional Iron Age inhumation

Abstract Two almost complete and articulated skeletons of a small-sized 15-year-old shorthorn ox and of a 3–4-year-old dog were found associated to Iron Age human burials at Madonna del Piano, in Sesto Fiorentino, near Florence. The two skeletons were ritually buried. The find adds to another case of cattle burial also found in the area, and therefore attests to a penetration and persistence of late Neolithic and Bronze Age northern and eastern European practices in Italy. The specimens provide important evidence on the habits and believes of Iron Age circum-Mediterranean human populations. The ox reveals that castration was accomplished late in the animal’s growth, but also that cattle were used for heavy work, though being worshiped animals.
On the discrete linear L1 approximation and L1 solutions of overdetermined linear equations

Abstract Usow's algorithm for solving the discrete linear L1 approximation problem is generalized so that it can also solve an Overdetermined system of linear equations in the L1 norm. It is then shown that this algorithm is completely equivalent to a dual simplex algorithm applied to a linear programming problem in nonnegative bounded variables. However, one iteration in the former is equivalent to one or more iterations in the latter. A dual simplex algorithm is described which seems to be the most efficient and capable method for solving these two problems. Its efficiency is due to the absence of artificial variables and to its simplicity. Its capability is due to the fact that the Haar condition associated with Usow's method is completely relaxed. Numerical results are given.
Voltammetric determination of carbon dioxide using dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent

Abstract A voltammetric method has been developed for the determination of dissolved carbon dioxide using dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent. Analytically useful reduction waves are obtained with either a gold electrode or an amalgamated platinum electrode, but the latter gives lower residual currents. The peak current is diffusion controlled and is approximately linearly proportional to the percentage by volume of carbon dioxide in gas mixtures used to saturate the electrolysis solution. In the concentration range 1–30% by volume, the method gives errors in accuracy of less than ± 2%.
Insights into the Mechanism of Inhibition of CXCR4: Identification of Piperidinylethanamine Analogs as Anti-HIV-1 Inhibitors

The cellular entry of HIV-1 to CD4 + T-cells requires ordered interactions of HIV-1-envelope glycoprotein with CXCR4 receptors. However, such interactions, which should be critical for rational structure-based discovery of new CXCR4 inhibitors, remain poorly understood. Herein, we first determined the effects of amino acid substitutions in CXCR4 on HIV-1 NL4-3 -glycoprotein-elicited fusion events using site-directed mutagenesis-based fusion assays and identified eleven potentially key amino acid substitutions, including D97A and E288A, which caused a >30% reduction of the fusion. We subsequently carried out computational search of a screening library containing ∼604,000 compounds in order to identify potential CXCR4 inhibitors. The computational search used the shape of IT1t, a known CXCR4 inhibitor, as a reference and employed various algorithms including shape similarity, isomer generation, and docking against a CXCR4 crystal structure. Sixteen small-molecules were identified for biological assays based on their high shape similarity to IT1t and their putative binding modes formed hydrogen bond interactions with amino acids identified above. Three compounds, having a piperidinylethanamine core, showed activity and were resynthesized. One molecule, designated CX6, was proven to significantly inhibit X4-HIV-1 NL4-3 -glycoprotein-elicited fusion (IC 50 : 1.9 μM), inhibit SDF-1α-elicited Ca 2+ flux (IC 50 :92 nM), and exert anti-HIV-1 activity (IC 50 :1.5 μM). Structural modeling demonstrated that CX6 bound to CXCR4 through hydrogen-bond interactions with Asp97 and Glu288. Our study suggests that targeting CXCR4 residues important for HIV-1-envelope glycoprotein-elicited fusion should be a useful and practically feasible approach in identifying novel CXCR4 inhibitors and sheds important insights into the mechanism by which small-molecule CXCR4 inhibitors exert their anti-HIV-1 activity.
Histotopochemische Untersuchung der Xylitresorption im Rattendarm

Die Xylitresorption wird am Rattendarm mit einer Reaktion histologisch untersucht, welche am Filterpapier noch Spuren von 2–10γ Xylit topochemisch erfast. Aus dem Ausfall der Reaktion wird geschlossen, das die Aufnahme des Xylits vorwiegend an der Zottenspitze erfolgt und sich das Xylit oder seine Umwandlungsprodukte im Cytoplasma dieser Zottenepithelien verteilen, um von dort uber das Zottenbindegewebe in das Gefassystem zu gelangen.
Evidence for bosonic electroweak corrections in the standard model.

We present strong indirect evidence for the contribution of bosonic electroweak corrections in the standard model. Although important conceptually, these corrections give subleading contributions in current high energy experiments, and it was previously thought that they are difficult to detect. We also discuss the separate contribution of the Higgs boson.
Partitioning algorithms for homogeneous multi-vehicle systems with planar rigid body dynamics

We consider a generalized Voronoi partitioning problem for a team of vehicles with planar rigid body dynamics. The proximity metric, that is, the generalized metric that determines the proximity relations between the vehicles and arbitrary points in the configuration space, corresponds to the decrease of a generalized energy metric that takes place during the transfer of each vehicle to its goal configuration. In particular, the employed proximity metric is induced by a quasi-Lyapunov function of a corresponding stabilization problem. One of the main motivations for the choice of this proximity metric is to obtain a class of spatial partitions whose computational cost is significantly lower than the one of spatial partitions whose proximity metric is the cost-to-go function of a corresponding optimal control problem, which were studied in our previous work. In particular, the structure of the generalized proximity metric utilized in this work allows us to develop simple and easily implementable partitioning algorithms that are applicable to problems involving vehicles with nonlinear dynamics. More importantly, the proposed partitioning algorithms can be implemented, under some mild assumptions, in a decentralized fashion that allows each vehicle to compute its own cell independently from its teammates. Numerical simulations that illustrate the theoretical developments are also presented.
Learning Object Detectors from Online Image Search

Being able to detect distinguishable objects is a key component in many high level computer vision applications. Traditional methods for building such detectors require a large amount of carefully collected and cleaned data. For example to build a face detector, a large number of face images need to be collected and faces in each image need to be cropped and aligned as the data for training. This process is tedious and error-pruning. Recently more and more people are sharing their photos on the internet, if we could leverage these data for building a detector, it will save tremendous amount of effort in collecting training data. Popular internet search engines and community photo websites like Google image search, Picassa, Flickr make it possible to harvesting online images for image understanding tasks. In this paper, we develop a method leveraging images obtained from online image search to build an object detector. The proposed method can automatically identify the most distinguishable features across the downloaded images. Using these learned features, a detector can be built to detect the object in a new image. Experiments show promising results of our approach.
Observation versus classification in supervised category learning

The traditional supervised classification paradigm encourages learners to acquire only the knowledge needed to predict category membership (a discriminative approach). An alternative that aligns with important aspects of real-world concept formation is learning with a broader focus to acquire knowledge of the internal structure of each category (a generative approach). Our work addresses the impact of a particular component of the traditional classification task: the guess-and-correct cycle. We compare classification learning to a supervised observational learning task in which learners are shown labeled examples but make no classification response. The goals of this work sit at two levels: (1) testing for differences in the nature of the category representations that arise from two basic learning modes; and (2) evaluating the generative/discriminative continuum as a theoretical tool for understand learning modes and their outcomes. Specifically, we view the guess-and-correct cycle as consistent with a more discriminative approach and therefore expected it to lead to narrower category knowledge. Across two experiments, the observational mode led to greater sensitivity to distributional properties of features and correlations between features. We conclude that a relatively subtle procedural difference in supervised category learning substantially impacts what learners come to know about the categories. The results demonstrate the value of the generative/discriminative continuum as a tool for advancing the psychology of category learning and also provide a valuable constraint for formal models and associated theories.
Flow birefringence of microtubules and its relation to birefringence measurements in cells

Understanding the molecular basis of mitotic movements in living cells will require correlative experiments on intact cells, cell models, purified tubulin, and perhaps other biopolymers. Birefringence is one assay that is useful in all of these experimental situations. Heretofore, studies of birefringence changes during mitosis have lacked a quantitiative basis for interpretation in terms of microtubule number and packing density. One of the aims of this work was to establish that relationship. Purified calf brain tubulin was polymerized to equilibrium and oriented in the hydrodynamic field of a microcapillary flow birefringence apparatus. The relationship between birefringence and microtubule packing density was determined by a combination of optical, electron microscopic, and biochemical methods. The data correlate surprisingly well with those obtained by others from in vitro measurements on isolated mitotic spindles. Using the flow birefringence data, the sensitivity of polarizing microscopes for detecting microtubules was examined and found to depend on microtubule packing density, object thickness, and instrumental factors that limit both the detection and measurement of weakly birefringent objects. Because of the dependence of measurement sensitivity on object thickness, a method of measuring the thickness of microtubule bundles using the dispersion of birefringence was developed. This method is capable of measuring thickness to within two or three Airy diffraction units and does not require any assumptions regarding object symmetry.
Rate-Harmonized Scheduling and Its Applicability to Energy Management

This paper presents a family of Rate-Harmonized Schedulers that can be used in reservation-based operating systems to naturally cluster task execution and lump processor idle durations. While traditional approaches to energy management have focused on reducing dynamic switching power through Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), processor technology trends predict a future in which static leakage power will begin to dominate. To this end, most modern processors provide built-in support for sleep modes with low leakage power. However, substantial time is required to switch in/out of such sleep modes due to mechanical oscillator stabilization delays. Significant opportunities for energy saving are potentially missed due to idle gaps between executing tasks that are shorter than the time required to enter the sleep mode. Armed with apriori workload information, reservation-based operating systems can potentially eliminate such wasted idle durations using Rate-Harmonized Scheduling. An Energy-Saving Rate-Harmonized Scheduler guarantees that every idle duration can be used to switch into sleep mode. This paper also provides extensions to Rate-Harmonized Scheduling to support multicore processors. Empirical evaluation results are provided from an implementation in the nano-RK operating system for wireless sensor networks. Energy-Saving Rate-Harmonized Scheduling saves 16.8% energy compared to conventional Rate-Monotonic Scheduling for the task set used in Sensor Andrew project. At low utilization levels, Energy-Saving Rate-Harmonized Scheduling can save up to 39% energy on randomly generated task sets.
The Tomb of James, Brother of Jesus, as Locus Memoriae

La memoire s'accroche a des lieux comme l'histoire a des evenements.“Memory fastens upon sites, whereas history fastens upon events.” Pierre Nora, “Entre memoire et histoire: La problematique des lieux,” in Les lieux de memoire (ed. Pierre Nora; 3 vols.; Paris: Gallimard, 1984) 1.xxxix; published in English as Realms of Memory (trans. Lawrence D. Kritzman; 3 vols.; New York: Columbia University Press, 1996) 1.18.
Routing and spectral efficiency in a wireless network with two parallel relays

This paper compares routing strategies in a simple four node network consisting of a source, a destination, and two parallel relays. Relay-to-relay communication is not considered, so there are three possible routing strategies: (1.) direct (source-to-destination) transmission; (2.) two-hop transmission that makes use of exactly one relay (i.e., the better-placed relay); and (3.) two-hop transmission wherein both relays are used during the second hop. The channel model assumes additive white Gaussian noise and attenuation due to path loss; for two-hop routing, time division multiple access is assumed for interference mitigation. Using simple capacity arguments, the paper first compares two-hop routing through one relay and two-hop routing through two relays and characterizes the relay placements for which one mode is preferable to the other. Then, two-hop transmission exploiting both relays is compared with direct transmission. It is shown that if the desired end-to-end rate is above a critical spectral efficiency, it is always preferable to transmit the signal directly no matter where the two relays are located.
Effects of labor on serum levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins at the time of delivery.

Background. The purposes of this study were to explore whether serum levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and IGFBP-3 in both maternal and fetal compartments were affected by the stress of labor, and to investigate the relationship between the fetal birthweight and serum levels of insulin, IGF-I and IGFBPs.Methods. Blood samples were collected at the time of delivery from 147 parturients with vaginal delivery and 128 cases of Cesarean section (112 cases without labor and 16 cases with arrest of cervical dilatation during the active phase of labor). Serum concentrations of insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 were determined by radioimmunoassays (insulin, IGFBP-I and IGFBP-3) and immunoradiometric assay (IGF-I).Results. Maternal circulating IGFBP-1 levels in parturients with normal spontaneous delivery (NSD) and in subjects receiving Cesarean section (CS) due to arrest of cervical dilatation during active phase of labor were higher t...
A structural model of the forced compression of the fingertip pulp

Abstract The fingertip pulp mosulates the force transmitted to the underlying musculoskeletal system during finger contact on external bodies. A model of the fingertip pulp is needed to represent the transmission of forces to the tendons, muscles, and bone during these contacts. In this study, a structural model of the in vivo human fingertip was developed that incorporates both the material inhomogeneity and geometry. Study objectives were to determine (1) if this fingertip model can predict the force–displacement and force–contact area responses of the in vivo human fingertip during contact with a flat, rigid surface, and (2) if the stresses and strains predicted by this model are consistent with the tactile sensing functionality of the in vivo human fingertip. The in vivo fingertip pulp was modeled as an inflated, ellipsoidal membrane, containing an incompressible fluid, that is quasi-statically compressed against a flat, frictionless surface. The membrane was assigned properties of skin ( Veronda and Westmann, 1970 ) and when inflated, possessed dimensions approximating those of a human fingertip. Finite deformation was allowed. The model was validated by the pulp force–displacement relationship obtained by Serina et al. (1997) and by measurements of the contact area when the fingertip was pressed against a rigid surface with contact forces between 0.25 and 7.0 N. Model predictions represent the experimental data sufficiently well, suggesting that geometry, inhomogeneous material structure, and initial skin tension appear to represent the nonlinear response of the in vivo human fingertip pulp under compression. The predicted response of the fingertip pulp is consistent with its functionality as a tactile sensor.
RECENT LITERATURE ON FORAMINIFERA

Below are given some of the more recent works on foraminifera. To have a publication included in this section, please send a reprint to address given at the end of this section. All reprints will be incorporated into the Todd Library of Foraminiferal Research at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D. C., for the use of the scientific community. Armynot du Châtelet, E., Debenay, J.-P., and Soulard, R., Foraminiferal proxies for pollution monitoring in moderately polluted harbors.—Environmental Pollution, v. 127, 2004, p. 27–40, 5 figures, 2 tables, 1 appendix.—“. . . Eighteen sediment samples were collected in September 2000 in five harbors located in moderately polluted estuaries on the coast of Vendee (France) . . . Ten heavy metals and 13 PAH have been analyzed . . . the results show that foraminiferal density and species richness of the assemblages decrease with an increase in heavy metal and PAH concentration . . .” (from Abstract). Bicchi, E., Debenay, J.-P., and Pages, J., Relationship between benthic foraminiferal assemblages and environmental factors in atoll lagoons of the central Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia).—Coral Reefs, v. 21, 2002, p. 275–290, 10 figures, 4 tables.—“. . . Among geomorphological conditions, the degree of aperture has a major influence on lagoonal communities. Cluster and factor analyses reveal a clear contrast between the foraminiferal associations located in the peripheral and central areas of the lagoons . . .” (from Abstract). Cearreta, A., Alday, M., Freitas, M. C., Andrade, C., and Cruces, A., Modern foraminiferal record of alternating open and restricted environmental conditions in the Santo Andre lagoon, SW Portugal.—Hydrobiologia, v. 475/476, 2002, p. 21–27, 3 figures, 1 …
Some Examples of Surfaces

In this chapter, we give a leisurely tour of some of the important classes of surfaces: certain blowups of ℙ2, ruled surfaces, and K3 surfaces. Our plan will be to begin with certain linear systems with assigned base points on ℙ2 and then to see where this study leads. Linear systems of plane curves of small degree with assigned base points have been extensively studied and lead to a rich source of surfaces with interesting projective geometry. We will try to touch upon some of these examples where appropriate.
Theoretical Calculations on the Tetramethyldisilene Rearrangement: A New Approach to an Old Mechanistic Problem

Roark and Peddle first observed that, when not trapped, Me 2 Si= SiMe 2 underwent a series of rearrangements to give two major isomeric products: 1,1-dimethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane and 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane. The widely accepted mechanism for this rearrangement was proposed by Barton and co-workers. However, little is known about the thermodynamic or kinetic properties of this reaction, because the relevant data are limited to the product ratios of the two isomers. Our calculations predict that the product ratio is driven by kinetic control rather than thermodynamic control. We also show that new DFT function-als, such as MPW1K and M052X, produce thermochemical results comparable with CCSD(T) calculations.
A New Determination of Non-zonal Harmonics by Satellites

Determination of non-zonal harmonics of the Earth’s gravitational field, using 26,000 precisely reduced Baker-Nunn camera observations of ten objects. A process of successive approximation is used, which has permitted to improve mean residuals down to a value of 7.″6.
Successful reconstruction for complex malunions and nonunions of the tibia and femur.

Background: Information regarding the long-term outcomes of the treatment of lower-extremity fracture malunion and nonunion is lacking. Methods: Twenty-nine secondarily referred patients with complex malunion or nonunion of the tibia or femur, treated by a single surgeon, were followed for a median of twenty years (range, twelve to thirty-five years) after injury. The patients were referred at a median of twenty months (range, 1.5 to 360 months) postinjury and had undergone a median of three prior surgical procedures (range, zero to twenty-eight). At the time of final follow-up, patient-based outcomes, patient satisfaction, and pain were evaluated. Results: All twenty-nine patients had healing following treatment of the complex malunion or nonunion of the tibia or femur and were able to bear full weight and walk one block or more. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) outcome tool revealed that twenty patients (69%) experienced moderate-to-severe difficulties in carrying out activities because of their lower-limb disability. The median Short Form-36 (SF-36) score was 67, with a median physical component score of 61 and a median mental component score of 71, indicating substantial impact on physical health status when compared with the norm. Conclusions: Reconstruction can be a worthwhile endeavor and should be considered for all patients with complex malunion or nonunion of the tibia or femur. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Reformulation-Linearization Technique-Based Approach to Joint Topology Design and Load Balancing in FSO Networks

Free space optical networks have emerged as a viable technology for broadband wireless backbone networks. In this paper, we investigate the challenging problem of joint topology design and load balancing in FSO networks. We consider FSO link characteristics, cost constraints, traffic characteristics, traffic demand, and QoS requirements in the formulation, along with various objective functions including network-wide average load and delay. We apply the Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) to obtain linear programming (LP) relaxations of the original complex problem, and then incorporate the LP relaxations into a branch-and-bound framework. The proposed algorithm can produce highly competitive solutions with performance guarantees in the form of bounded optimality gap. The RLT-based branch-and-bound algorithm is evaluated with extensive simulations and is shown to be highly suitable for jointly optimizing topology and load balancing in FSO networks.
Inverse problem for a vibrating beam

The problem of inferring the flexural rigidity and density of a beam from its eigenfrequencies is considered for the particular case in which one end is clamped. It is shown that three spectra associated with three sets of boundary conditions at the other end are required in order to insure a unique solution of the inverse problem. Furthermore, it is shown that this data set is equivalent to the information contained in the time history of the displacement and slope of the free end of the beam set in motion by a concentrated impulse.
What Videogame Making Can Teach Us About Literacy and Learning: Alternative Pathways into Participatory Culture

In this paper we articulate an alternative approach to look at video games and learning to become a creator and contributor in the digital culture. Previous discussions have focused mostly on playing games and learning. Here, we discuss game making approaches and their benefits for illuminating game preferences and learning both software design and other academic content. We report on an ongoing ethnographic study that documents youth producing video games in a community design studio. We illustrate how video game making can provide a context for addressing issues of participation, transparency and ethics. Author Keywords
Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons - 2002

In 1995, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); these guidelines were updated in 1997 and 1999. This fourth edition of the guidelines, made available on the Internet in 2001, is intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected persons. The goal of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based guidelines for preventing OIs among HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women, and HIV-exposed or infected children. Nineteen OIs, or groups of OIs, are addressed, and recommendations are included for preventing exposure to opportunistic pathogens, preventing first episodes of disease by chemoprophylaxis or vaccination (primary prophylaxis), and preventing disease recurrence (secondary prophylaxis). Major changes since the last edition of the guidelines include 1) updated recommendations for discontinuing primary and secondary OI prophylaxis among persons whose CD4+ T lymphocyte counts have increased in response to antiretroviral therapy; 2) emphasis on screening all HIV-infected persons for infection with hepatitis C virus; 3) new information regarding transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection; 4) new information regarding drug interactions, chiefly related to rifamycins and antiretroviral drugs; and 5) revised recommendations for immunizing HIV-infected adults and adolescents and HIV-exposed or infected children.
Routine use of ultrasound-guided access reduces access site-related complications after lower extremity percutaneous revascularization

Objective We sought to elucidate the risks for access site-related complications (ASCs) after percutaneous lower extremity revascularization and to evaluate the benefit of routine ultrasound-guided access (RUS) in decreasing ASCs. Methods We reviewed all consecutive percutaneous revascularizations (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or stent) performed for lower extremity atherosclerosis at our institution from 2002 to 2012. RUS began in September 2007. Primary outcome was any ASC (bleeding, groin or retroperitoneal hematoma, vessel rupture, or thrombosis). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of ASC. Results A total of 1371 punctures were performed on 877 patients (43% women; median age, 69 [interquartile range, 60-78] years) for claudication (29%), critical limb ischemia (59%), or bypass graft stenosis (12%) with 4F to 8F sheaths. There were 72 ASCs (5%): 52 instances of bleeding or groin hematoma, nine pseudoaneurysms, eight retroperitoneal hematomas, two artery lacerations, and one thrombosis. ASCs were less frequent when RUS was used (4% vs 7%; P = .02). Multivariable predictors of ASC were age >75 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.7; P = .03), congestive heart failure (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3; P = .02), preoperative warfarin use (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5; P = .02), and RUS (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7; P P = .79). RUS lowered ASCs in those >75 years (5% vs 12%; P P = .47). RUS did not decrease VCD failure (6% vs 4%; P = .79). Conclusions We were able to decrease the rate of ASCs during lower extremity revascularization with the implementation of RUS. VCDs did not affect ASCs. Particular care should be taken with patients >75 years old, those with congestive heart failure, and those taking warfarin.
Viscoelastic Fluid Flow through a Porous Annulus

The problem of laminar flow of a viscoelastic fluid through a porous cylindrical annulus, with walls of different permeabilities is discussed. The velocity of the fluid is given by the solution of a fifth-order non-linear ordinary differential equation depending on three parameters, namely, the Suction Reynolds number and the two viscoelastic parameters. Since the number of available boundary conditions is only four, we make use of the regular perturbation method to find the solution for the cases in which (i) fluid is extracted at the two walls with different constant velocities and (ii) the quantity of fluid entering one wall is nearly equal to the one being extracted at the other wall. The products of the Reynolds number with viscoelastic parameters are taken to be small in (i). A method of direct numerical integration is being treated separately. The effects of the viscoelasticity of the liquid on the velocity field, pressure distribution, skin friction are discussed for various values of the parameters involved and compared with some earlier results. Das Problem der Laminarstromung eines viskoelastischen Fluids durch einen porosen, zylindrischen Ringspalt, dessen Wande verschiedene Permeabilitaten haben, wird diskutiert. Die Geschwindigkeit des Fluids ist Losung einer nichtlinearen gewohnlichen Differentialgleichung 5. Ordnung, die von drei Parametern abhangt, namlich von der Ansauge-Reynoldsschen Zahl und von den zwei viskoelastischen Parametern. Da die Zahl der vorhandenen Randbedingungen nur vier ist, machen wir Gebrauch von der regularen Storungsmethode, um die Losung fue die Falle zu finden, in welchen (i) das Fluid an den beiden Wanden mit verschiedenen, konstanten Geschwindigkeiten angesaugt wird und (ii) wo die Fluidmenge, die durch eine Wandung tritt, annahernd gleich derjenigen ist, die an der anderen Wandung angesaugt wird. Die Produkte der Reynoldsschen Zahl mit den verschiedenen Parametern werden im Fall (i) als klein angenommen. Eine Methode der direkten numerischen Integration wird gesondert behandelt. Die Einflusse der Viskoelastizitat der Flussigkeit auf das Geschwindigkeitsfeld, die Druckverteilung und die Wandschubspannung werden fur verschiedene Werte der beteiligten Parameter diskutiert und mit einigen fruheren Resultaten verglichen.
Performance analysis of Wald's SPRT with independent but non-stationary log-likelihood ratios

The characteristics and behavior of Wald's sequential probability ratio test are revealed by two important functions — operating characteristic (OC) and average sample number (ASN). These two functions have been studied extensively under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) log-likelihood ratios, which is too stringent for many applications. This paper relaxes the requirement of identical distribution. Two inductive equations governing the OC and ASN are developed. Unfortunately, they have non-unique solutions in the general case. They do have unique solutions in two special cases: (a) the log-likelihood ratios converge in distributions and (b) the log-likelihood ratios have periodic distributions. Numerical solutions for these two special cases are obtained. They are compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulations because existing methods for this problem setting are lacking.
Predicting the Secondary Structure of Proteins Using Artificial Neural Networks

A method for protein secondary structure prediction based on the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented. Amino acids, and their secondary structures obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the online tool given in Chou-Fasman website of seven proteins are concatenated to create a sequence of 15536 residues. A neural network with only an input and an output layer is used, and back-propagation technique is adopted to tune the synaptic weights. Data is divided into two sets for training, and testing. The average success rate of the method on a testing set of proteins was 90.64% in training and 89.13% in testing on three types of secondary structure a-helix, β-sheet, and coil, with correct identification coefficients of . These quality indices are all compatible with those of previous methods. From computational experiments on real and artificial structures that no method based solely on local information in the protein sequence is likely to produce significantly better results for proteins.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Tb3+-Doped Hydroxyapatites

In this paper, the terbium -doped nano-HA powders with strong fluorescence was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and its crystal structure，morphology and fluorescent properties are characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, ICP and PL spectroscopy. Results showed that with the doping concentration of Tb3+ increasing, the aspect ratio of Tb3+-doped HA particles decreased, while the fluorescence intensity excited by ultraviolet ray at 272 nm is significantly enhanced. With pH values increased from 6.5 to 10.0, the aspect ratio of Tb3+-doped HA decreased greatly, and the morphology of nano-Tb:HA particles changes from rod particles to equiaxed particles and the actual doping content and the fluorescence intensity tends to increase correspondingly, which can be explained that under alkaline solution, Tb3+ was more easier entering the HA crystal, and the Tb3+ would substitute the Ca2+ in both hydroxyapatite Ca(Ⅰ) and Ca(Ⅱ) site, which may block the active growth sites of the seed crystals and resulted in the growth rate and the ratio of length to radius decreasing.
Localization of two distinct type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase enzyme mRNAs in the rat

Inositol lipid kinases generate polyphosphoinositides, important regulators of several cellular functions. We have recently cloned two distinct phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase enzymes, the 210-k...
'No Comment' on Deep Ripping: Wetlands and the Clean Water Act after Borden Ranch

In December 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed, per curiam, the Ninth Circuit's decision that "deep ripping" of wetlands requires a permit from the Army Corps of Engineers. However, because the Court was equally divided and issued no analysis, the reasons why "deep ripping" might be subject to Clean Water Act regulation remain obscure. This paper argues that the facts found by the district court support Clean Water Act jurisdiction despite the rather unusual analysis in the Ninth Circuit.
Chemodenervation of extraocular muscles with botulinum toxin in thyroid eye disease.

Background Thyroid eye disease (TED) presents a management dilemma for strabismologists due to the variability of its clinical course. Prisms may be prescribed to relieve diplopia in small deviations. Surgical intervention, on the other hand, should not be done until the active phase of the disease has subsided. We report our experience with chemodenervation utilizing botulinum toxin (BT) injection in the management of TED-related strabismus.
Developing Coherent Conceptual Storylines: Two Elementary Challenges

The ‘conceptual storyline’ of a lesson refers to the flow and sequencing of learning activities such that science concepts align and progress in ways that are instructionally meaningful to student learning of the concepts. Research demonstrates that when teachers apply lesson design strategies to create a coherent science content storyline, student learning is positively impacted (Roth et al., 2011). Because the conceptual storyline is often implicit within a lesson, and teachers often have difficulty articulating this aspect of lesson design (Lo et al., 2014), our professional development program engages elementary teachers in analyzing and developing graphic representations of a lesson’s conceptual storyline to make that element explicit. In this exploratory study, we present typologies that represent two primary challenges teachers faced in developing coherent conceptual storylines in their lesson design, and examine the extent to which professional development enhanced their capacity to develop a coherent conceptual storyline.
Newborn Hearing Screening with Hearing and Deafness Predisposing Genes in Kunming

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the universal newborn hearing screening with hearing and deafness predisposing genes.Methods Seven hundred and forty-eight newborns were accepted for universal newborn hearing screening with hearing and deafness predisposing genes.Transient evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE)was used for hearing screening with AccuScreen full-featured automatic otoacoustic emission hearing screening device produced by MADSEN company.Three common deafness genes including mtDNA A1555G,GJB2 and SLC26A4 were detected.Results In the 748 cases,there were 222 cases showed "refer" at the first step of hearing screening.In the second hearing screening,there were 27 cases of 623 cases still showed "refer".The carrying rate of deafness gene was 15‰ in 744 cases with deafness predisposing genes screening.Conclusion The newborn hearing screening with hearing and deafness predisposing genes can facilitate early detection for hearing loss and the carrier of deafness gene.
Analysis on transmission factors of measles among the 0-7 month-old in Changzhou

Objective To investigate susceptible factors of measles in the 0 ~7 month-old population, and explore the possible protective measure. Methods Case-control study was used to collect the information of 0~7 month old children with measles in the city during 2009~2013. Incidence, treatment conditions, possible exposure history, resident and traveling history, measles disease history, health services, socio-demographic and economic information of the objects were analyzed. Results The exposure history in hospital during 7 to 21 days before the onset(OR=8.976, OR95% CI=4.087-19.713), especially the exposure history in municipal hospital(OR=8.00, OR95% CI=2.14-29.85) and the exposure history in county hospital(OR=6.33, OR95% CI=1.81-22.11), and the contacting history with measles patients(OR=11.4, OR95%CI=1.207-107.653) were the risk factors of measles for 0-7 month-old infants. Conclusion Strengthening the management of the source of infection, preventing nosocomial infection, improving immunization of adults such as women of childbearing age and floating population are the effective methods to eliminate measles among 0-7 month-old at present.
30 Wobble board rehabilitation program improves star excursion balance test-posteromedial reach direction in division i collegiate athletes with chronic ankle instability

Background It is important for clinicians to find a simple yet effective rehabilitation method to improve balance in patients suffering with chronic ankle instability (CAI). A wobble board program may be a useful intervention to improve dynamic balance. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a dynamic measure of balance and is sensitive to improvements in balance following rehabilitation. Objective To determine if SEBT-posteromedial reach direction improved in Division I athletes with CAI following a four-week wobble board rehabilitation program. Design Randomised-controlled trial. Setting Athletic Training room. Patients Eighteen patients with CAI were included; rehabilitation group: (n = 9, height = 174.76 ± 8.60 cm, body mass = 73.51 ± 6.89 kg, age = 20 ± 1 years); control group: (n = 9, height = 174.00 ± 6.88 cm, mass = 62.78 ± 5.15 kg, age = 20 ± 1 years). Interventions The rehabilitation group completed the protocol three days a week for four weeks. Each session consisted of five 40 s sets of clockwise/counter-clockwise rotations changing directions every 10 s. Progressions were made as needed. The control group continued with normal activities. Main outcome measurements The dependent variable was SEBT-posteromedial reach distance score (three trials averaged/normalised to leg length). Means ± standard deviations were calculated. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA analysed changes in the dependent variable. Tukey Honest Significant Difference was used for post hoc comparisons to explain a significant interaction. Alpha level was set a priori (p = 0.05). Results Means ± standard deviations for rehabilitation group: pre-test = 0.93 ± 0.08 and post-test = 1.02 ± 0.11. Means ± standard deviations for control group: pre-test = 0.99 ± 0.17 and post-test = 0.97 ± 0.15. We observed a significant interaction between test (pre/post) and group (rehabilitation/control) (p = 0.005). Post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-tests of rehabilitation group (p 0.05). Conclusions A four-week wobble board rehabilitation program improved dynamic balance as measured by the SEBT-posteromedial reach direction scores in Division I collegiate athletes suffering with CAI.
The GMPLS Control Plane Architecture for Optical Networks

Optical networking technology underwent a major revolution in the 1990s as the old paradigm of SONET/SDH systems to support circuit-switched connections began to give way to a new mesh network of transparent, high-speed optical switches with the capability to support a variety of higher-layer traffic types and services. In order for such a network to operate efficiently, it is essential that it employ a control plane that is capable of managing both legacy framed traffic and new traffic types. Also, the optical control plane must be able to operate across network boundaries, both at the edge interface to the customer’s equipment and at administrative domain boundaries in the core network. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has tasked several working groups to develop the architecture for such a control plane as well as protocols to support its functioning. These groups’ work has built on previous work in the IETF on Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), which was developed to allow packet routers to operate more efficiently. In this chapter, we describe the GMPLS architecture and related protocols, specifically RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE, and LMP.
Effects of temporal variation in temperature and density dependence on insect population dynamics

Understanding the effects of environmental variation on insect populations is important in light of predictions about increasing climatic variability. This paper uses the univoltine western corn root- worm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) as a case study and employs deterministic and sto- chastic modeling to evaluate how insect population dynamics is shaped by density- dependent survival and annual variation in temperature, which are key in regulating insect populations. Field data showed that larval survival varied significantly between years but was constant for a range of densities. Survival dropped only beyond a threshold density, a feature resembling generalized Ricker functions used in mod- eling density- dependent survival due to scramble competition for resources. We used soil temperature data for 20 yr to model annual variation in developmental time and survival. The deterministic model, where the developmental time was same across years, showed that though survival was high and did not change for a range of densities (i.e., density- independent survival), predicted densities were large enough that strong density dependence could occur in the field (i.e., predicted densities fall in the region where survival drops sharply) and that populations could exhibit stable equilibrium, cycles, etc. Interesting- ly, populations with lower density- independent survival were less likely to produce stable equilibrium compared to populations with higher density- independent survival. We found that population densities were at stable equilibrium when both mean developmental time and fertility were relatively low or when developmental time and fertility were relatively high. This in turn implies that, in warmer regions, where mean developmental time will be lower, stability is more likely for insect populations with low fertility; species in warmer regions will experience cyclical and unstable dynamics when fertility is high. While increase in the mean developmental time reduces overall survival, increasing variation in developmental time could increase mean survival, a consequence of the Jensen's inequality, since survival was a concave decreasing function of developmental time. Hence, both mean and variability in temperature affect the dynamics of insect populations. Finally, we found that stochastic variation in soil temperature produced large variation in predicted population densities that could potentially enhance or diminish the effect of density dependence.
Communication: Polymer entanglement dynamics: Role of attractive interactions

The coupled dynamics of entangled polymers, which span broad time and length scales, govern their unique viscoelastic properties. To follow chain mobility by numerical simulations from the intermediate Rouse and reptation regimes to the late time diffusive regime, highly coarse grained models with purely repulsive interactions between monomers are widely used since they are computationally the most efficient. Here using large scale molecular dynamics simulations, the effect of including the attractive interaction between monomers on the dynamics of entangled polymer melts is explored for the first time over a wide temperature range. Attractive interactions have little effect on the local packing for all temperatures T and on the chain mobility for T higher than about twice the glass transition Tg. These results, across a broad range of molecular weight, show that to study the dynamics of entangled polymer melts, the interactions can be treated as pure repulsive, confirming a posteriori the validity of previous studies and opening the way to new large scale numerical simulations.