cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multimethod investigation of depressive symptoms, perceived understanding, and relationship quality

This research examines whether people who are experiencing more depressive symptoms perceive their partners as less able to understand their thoughts and feelings. Results showed that depressive symptoms (Studies 1 and 3) and depressive mood (Study 2) were negatively associated with perceived understanding in general (Study 1), in daily life (Study 2), and during a conflict conversation (Study 3). Partners of people who were more depressed actually were less empathically accurate during the conflict conversation in Study 3, although they did not recognize that they were being less understanding. Moreover, perceived understanding helped explain the link between depressive symptoms and relationship quality in all three studies, and these effects held when controlling for self-reported understanding and perceived partner hostility.
Toxicology of selenium in a freshwater reservoir: implications for environmental hazard evaluation and safety.

Abstract A study was conducted to document patterns of accumulation and toxicity of selenium to organisms in a power plant cooling reservoir in North Carolina. Selenium entered the reservoir by way of effluent from the coal ash disposal basin, which contained 100–200 μg Se/liter. Concentrations of selenium in the lake water averaged 10 μg/liter, but were accumulated from 519 times (periphyton) to 3975 times (visceral tissue, largemouth bass) in the biota. The pattern and degree of accumulation was essentially complete within 2 years after the initial operation of the power plant, and persisted throughout the remainder of the study: fishes > insects > annelids > molluscs > crustaceans > plankton > periphyton. The plantonic and detrital food pathways exposed fishes to potential dietary concentrations of selenium that were some 770 and 519–1395 times the waterborne exposure, respectively. Of the 20 species of fish originally present in the reservoir, 16 were entirely eliminated, 2 were rendered sterile but persisted as adults, 1 was eliminated but managed to recolonize from a relatively uncontaminated headwater area as sterile adults, and 1 was unaffected. Two nonnative fish species were accidentally introduced and established reproducing populations. Abundance and diversity of biota other than fishes was not affected. Relative to control habitats, the contaminated reservoir had concentrations of waterborne selenium that were 20–30 times background levels; the flora and fauna contained about 10–15 times background. The results show that selenium can accumulate and be biologically magnified to toxic levels in a reservoir even though waterborne concentrations are in the low microgram per liter range. This study also provides data which indicate that current toxicological information is neither accurate when used to predict the relative sensitivity of individual fish species to selenium, nor is it sufficient to predict community responses in a natural setting. It is very likely that long-term elevation of waterborne selenium to 8–10 μg/liter in warm-water lakes and reservoirs would result in biotic responses similar to those documented in this report.
Recent Advances in Chemical Modification of Peptide Nucleic Acids

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) has become an extremely powerful tool in chemistry and biology. Although PNA recognizes single-stranded nucleic acids with exceptionally high affinity and sequence selectivity, there is considerable ongoing effort to further improve properties of PNA for both fundamental science and practical applications. The present paper discusses selected recent studies that improve on cellular uptake and binding of PNA to double-stranded DNA and RNA. The focus is on chemical modifications of PNA's backbone and heterocyclic nucleobases. The paper selects representative recent studies and does not attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of the broad and vibrant field of PNA modification.
Nanostructured scaffolds for neural applications.

This review discusses the design of scaffolds having submicron and nanoscale features for neural-engineering applications. In particular, the goal is to create materials that can interface more intimately with individual neuronal cells, within both living tissues and in culture, by better mimicking the native extracellular environment. Scaffolds with nanoscale features have the potential to improve the specificity and accuracy of materials for a number of neural-engineering applications, ranging from neural probes for Parkinson's patients to guidance scaffolds for axonal regeneration in patients with traumatic nerve injuries. This review will highlight several techniques that are used to create nanostructured scaffolds, such as photolithography to create grooves for neurite guidance, electrospinning of fibrous matrices, self-assembly of 3D scaffolds from designer peptides and fabrication of conductive nanoscale materials. Most importantly, this review focuses on the effects of incorporating nanoscale arch...
The effects of SES on infant and maternal diurnal salivary cortisol output

Abstract The present study directly compared diurnal salivary cortisol output and maternal-infant synchrony in low and high socio-economic status (SES) mother–infant dyads. Saliva cortisol samples were collected from 32 6–12-month-old infants and their mothers on the same day in the morning, afternoon and evening, and assayed for free cortisol concentration. Low-SES infants and mothers exhibited higher average salivary cortisol output, without dysregulation, compared to high-SES infants. Low-SES infants and mothers also showed reduced synchrony in cortisol output compared to high-SES infants and mothers. Results are discussed with respect to maternal sensitivity and early stress reduction interventions.
Remote control of macrophage production by cancer

The communication between tumor and host cells involves signals that act across extended distances in the body. Recent evidence indicates that the hormone angiotensin II is overproduced by lung adenocarcinoma to remotely expand bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells. This process amplifies the supply of tumor-associated macrophages, which promote disease progression.
Comparing the calibration and coherence of numerical and verbal probability judgments

Despite the common reliance on numerical probability estimates in decision research and decision analysis, there is considerable interest in the use of verbal probability expressions to communicate opinion. A method is proposed for obtaining and quantitatively evaluating verbal judgments in which each analyst uses a limited vocabulary that he or she has individually selected and scaled. An experiment compared this method to standard numerical responding under three different payoff conditions. Response mode and payoff never interacted. Probability scores and their components were virtually identical for the two response modes and for all payoff groups. Also, judgments of complementary events were essentially additive under all conditions. The two response modes differed in that the central response category was used more frequently in the numerical than the verbal case, while overconfidence was greater verbally than numerically. Response distributions and degrees of overconfidence were also affected by payoffs. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
QUANTIFICATION OF THE INTERNAL RESISTANCE DISTRIBUTION OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS

Identifying the limiting factors in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system requires qualifying the contribution of each component of an MFC to internal resistance. In this study, a new method was developed to calculate the internal resistance distribution of an MFC. Experiments were conducted to identify the limiting factors in single-chamber MFCs by varying the anode surface areas, cathode surface areas, and phosphate buffer concentrations. For the MFCs with equally sized electrodes (7 cm2) and 200 mM phosphate buffer, the anode contributed just 5.4% of the internal resistance, while the cathode and the electrolyte each contributed 47.3%, indicating that the anode was not the limiting factor in power generation. The limitation of the cathode was further revealed by the 780% higher area-specific resistance (284.4 Ω cm2) than the 32.3 Ω cm2 of the anode. The electrolyte limitation was also evidenced by the greatly increased contribution of electrolyte in internal resistance from 47.3 to 78.2% when the concentr...
Religion and Public Policy: An Introduction

One way of approaching the following essays is to pause here at the beginning and consider the peculiarity of the conversation we will be overhearing. In this volume we will be listening to a group of scholars who are Catholic, Episcopal, mainline Protestant, evangelical, and secularist in their varied backgrounds. They are considering the place of religion in public policymaking. The peculiarity arises if we think about American public life historically. For one thing, we are listening to people who most likely would not have been inclined to interact with each other at the outset of the twentieth century. More than that, they are talking about something that hardly anyone a hundred years ago would have thought even needs discussing.
Effects of sustained lymph drainage on cardiovascular function and thoracic duct lymph in sheep

We studied the effect of lowering the plasma protein concentration on the cardiovascular function and thoracic duct lymph in awake adult sheep. Hypoproteinemia was induced in seven nonpregnant, splenectomized sheep by drainage of the thoracic duct lymph over a 5-day period. The plasma protein went from a mean of 6.4 +/- 0.2 (SE) to 4.9 +/- 0.2 g/dl on day 5, and the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio decreased from 0.74 +/- 0.01 on day 1 to 0.48 +/- 0.04 on day 5. The percentage composition of the protein fractions in plasma and lymph remained unchanged. Lymph flow was 1.79 +/- 0.37 and 1.28 +/- 0.10 ml/min for days 1 and 5, respectively. Renin concentration in plasma increased 50-fold by day 5. Arterial pressure fell from 102.9 +/- 5.4 to 72.7 +/- 4.4 mmHg by day 5. Mean hematocrit was 28.9 +/- 1.7 at day 1, which was not significantly different than 24.6 +/- 2.9 at day 5 and indicated that the plasma volume did not decrease. Body weight also did not change significantly. There was a decrease in the transcapillary protein escape rate, determined as the thoracic lymph flow rate multiplied the lymph protein concentration, that suggests adaptations in the microcirculation to decrease vascular-to-interstitial protein transfer during hypoproteinemia. Hypoproteinemic animals also demonstrated greater vascular retention of a fluid volume challenge. In conclusion, the sheep adaptations to sustained hypoproteinemia produced by lymph drainage were a significant decrease in arterial pressure, large increases in vascular compliance and renin concentration, and reduced transcapillary escape rate of protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Breathing Exercises for Patients With COPD: To Teach or Not to Teach

To the Editor: The article by Jones et al titled “Comparison of the Oxygen Cost of Breathing Exercises and Spontaneous Breathing in Patients With Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” in the May 2003 issue adds valuable evidence to aid our decision on when to teach (or not to teach) breathing exercises to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their methods were clear and straightforward, and the patients were representative of the age (mean age=68.5 years) and severity of COPD in patients seen in many pulmonary rehabilitation programs (mean percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]=39%). However, the article did raise some concerns. First, much of the introduction discusses the topics of work of breathing (WOB) and ventilatory muscle efficiency and how these 2 factors may be affected in patients with COPD; however, WOB and ventilatory muscle efficiency are not adequately defined in relation to each other. The authors correctly define WOB, but not the rate of WOB, which is arguably more important; the rate of WOB is the product of WOB (for single breath) and respiratory rate (RR) (the rate of WOB=P·Vt·RR, where P=inspiratory pressure and Vt=tidal volume). Ventilatory muscle efficiency, or mechanical efficiency of breathing, was not defined, but is directly related to the rate of WOB by the following equation: ventilatory muscle efficiency=the rate of WOB/Vo2·100%, where Vo2 is oxygen consumption.1,2 Therefore, interventions such as pursed lip breathing (PLB) and diaphragmatic breathing (DB) that decrease RR also will decrease the rate of WOB, and if ventilatory muscle efficiency does not change, then Vo2 will decrease, which is what Jones and colleagues' results indicate. Second, given the wide range of body mass index (BMI) values (13.7–28.1 kg/m2; …
Democracy and Corruption

“Blessed is. the country that does not need heroes.” Graffiti scrawled at the site of the explosion on the highway near Capaci in Sicily which killed Judge Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three escorts.
Is There an Islamic Problem

This paper answers the charge of Orientalists – especially Bernard Lewis – that the failure of the Islamicate to catch up with the West is due to the incompatibility between Islam and modernity. First, it must be noted that this failure is not specific to the Islamicate, but one which it shares with much of the rest of the world outside Western Europe. It counters the notion that the Islamicate went into all-round decline in 11th or 13th century. If the Islamicate failed to adopt the steam technology or republican forms of government, this was not for lack of trying. Without exception, the Western powers used their superior power to destroy such initiatives in Egypt, Tunisia, the Ottoman Empire and Iran.
Looking at Dispute Resolution in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) -- Two Roads to Litigation

While the TPP is very controversial and politicized, and while it may never be passed by Congress, it is incumbent on lawyers and law professors to apply their objective assessment to the TPP provisions that are most closely related to their field: dispute resolution processes. This will allow for a more balanced and mature debate regarding the future of the TPP as it proceeds through the congressional process.This study looks at the salient aspects of Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) and Chapter 9 (Investment).The Dispute Settlement Procedures outlined in Chapter 28 are intended to resolve trade disputes between states; these are separate from the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism provided in Chapter 9, which focuses on disputes between private parties and governments over investment issues.From a legal and foreign policy perspective, the TPP dispute resolution system is a well-thought-out approach to global trade and investment litigation for the ever-growing, interconnected ecosystem of world trade. It builds upon prior experience and updates prior practice, especially in terms of transparency. It sets the terms for future trade relations. This is good for U.S. national interests, the global economic system and both old and new players in this system.
Fission Gas Behavior in the Uranium-Aluminum System

Data on the diffusion of fission krypton from irradiated 20 weight per cent uranium --aluminum alloy are presented. At temperatures below 640 deg C (the eutectic) there was no measurable loss of radiokrypton from Uhis alloy during annealing periods of up to three weeks. At temperatures above the eutectic gas evolution occurred with a time dependence in rough agreement with the theoretical prediction for diffusion from spherical particles. The nature of the diffusion process for rare gases in metallic systems is discussed with particular reference to the limitations imposed on diffusion rate by solubility and available concentration gradient. The basic difference between the behavior of fission gases in dispersion-type nuclear fuels and in homogeneous solid-type fuels is outlined. The data on the uranium--aluminum alloy system are interpreted in light of this discussion. (auth)
Therapeutic Role of Innovative Anti-inflammatory Medications in the Prevention of Acute Coronary Syndrome

An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes and its relationship to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis has contributed to the investigation of novel therapies for prevention and treatment. New data ascribe an increasingly important role of active inflammation in contributing to thinning of the atherosclerotic fibrous cap and plaque instability. Despite this understanding, there are currently no therapeutic approaches to specifically target the unstable plaque. Multiple randomized trials investigating treatment strategies have recently been completed or are currently being conducted, using anti-inflammatory medications, such as methotrexate, colchicine, darapladib, varespladib, losmapimod, and canakinumab, to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events including acute coronary syndromes. These anti-inflammatory medications differ in their mechanism of action from having widespread targets (as is the case for methotrexate and colchicine) to having specific targets (as is the case for darapladib, varespladib, losmapimod, and canakinumab). The trials investigating the efficacy of darapladib in reducing cardiovascular events revealed no significant benefit when compared with the current standard of care. The varespladib studies were terminated early because of adverse outcomes. However, the outcomes of the remaining drug studies may still contribute to novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of patients with unstable coronary artery disease.
Vibration mitigation in composite plates using an electromagnetic field

In this work, a partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization problem for vibration mitigation in an electrically conductive composite plate using an electromagnetic field is considered. The underlying physical phenomenon of the problem of vibration mitigation is based on the electro-magneto-mechanical coupling in the electrically conductive solids through the Lorentz ponderomotive force. The optimization aspect of the problem is motivated by the desire to find optimal characteristics of the electromagnetic field (consisting of an AC current and in-plane magnetic field) that will lead to the most effective vibration damping in the electrically conductive composite plate subjected to a transverse mechanical load.
Functional Networks of Organic and Coordination Polymers: Catalysis of Fructose Conversion

The creation of functional porous nanoscale networks with enhanced reactive group accessibility provides rich promise for novel designs of composite materials. We present a straightforward strategy for the preparation of porous polymer/MOF hybrids via polymerization of organic monomers and cross-linkers impregnated within the pores of the MOFs followed by functionalization of the resulting composite. A poly(maleimide-co-dibinylbenzene) network was synthesized in the presence of MOF MIL-101(Cr), resulting in stable hybrid composites, which were then brominated to give porous hybrids of cross-linked poly(N-bromomaleimide), a polymeric analogue of N-bromosuccinimide, interconnected with crystalline nanoparticles of the MOF. Due to the large porosity and surface area, the active bromine (halamine) groups in the polymer network enabled high activity of the composites in heterogeneous catalysis of conversion of d-fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
The HFRS epidemics in Inner Mongolia during 1955-2009

Objectives To analyze the epidemic features of HFRS that had been existing from 1955 to 2009 in Inner Mongolia and to provide evidences for the effective prevention and disease control targeting HFRS.Methods Based on the annual HFRS reports from 1955 to 2009,we performed statistical analysis using EXCEL97 and SPSS 2.0.Results The epidemic features of HRFS in Inner Mongolia are as follows:First,the distribution of patients was relatively centralized and stable and the reported number of patients was declining from 2001 to 2009.Second,the number of regions reporting HRFS was increasing year by year.Third,in the high-prevalent seasons of springs and falls,there emerged a structure change in the HFRS population.Conclusion The problems require significant attention of how to conduct systematic prevention mainly targeting vaccination in HFRS high-prevalent areas whilst in low-prevalent and newly found areas,health education is the key.
TRIC: Capturing the direct cellular targets of promoter-bound transcriptional activators

Transcriptional activators coordinate the dynamic assembly of multiprotein coactivator complexes required for gene expression to occur. Here we combine the power of in vivo covalent chemical capture with p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (Bpa), a genetically incorporated photo-crosslinking amino acid, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to capture the direct protein interactions of the transcriptional activator VP16 with the general transcription factor TBP at the GAL1 promoter in live yeast.
Analysis of factors related to acute renal failure post deep hypothermia circulatory arrest surgery of type A aorta dissection surgery

Objectives To analyze risk factors associated to acute renal failure (ARF) post deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA) surgery of type A aorta dissection patients, researching correlations to hospital mortality rate. Methods There were 273 samples of type A aorta dissection patients collected between September 2011 and May 2013 , all of which had surgery done under DHCA. Categorize the samples into two groups based on whether postoperative ARF happened: non-ARF group(n = 163) and ARF group(n = 110). Conducted regression analysis correlations between postoperative ARF and mortality and one or more risk factors of gender, age, history of illness, type of aorta dissection, heart functional class, pre- and post-operative serum creatinine (sCr), DHCA time, blood loss and blood transfusion volume, postoperative complications, etc. Results Among the 110 samples of ARF group (40.3%), 21 (7.7%) conducted continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Among 16 (5.9%) died in hospital, 3 (1.8%) died with functional renal, 13 (11.8%) died with ARF. Single factor analysis: male (χ(2) = 6.075, P = 0.014), preoperative sCr (t = 2.955, P = 0.004), dissection extended to renal artery(χ(2) = 5.103, P = 0.024), cardiopulmonary by-pass (CBP) time (t = 2.435, P = 0.017), DHCA time (t = 2.215, P = 0.031), average lower limb artery blood pressure during CBP (t = -2.832, P = 0.007), during surgery and 24 h postoperative blood loss (t = 2.157, P = 0.034) and blood transfusion (t = 2.426, P = 0.018), postoperative acute respiratory dysfunction (χ(2) = 36.307, P = 0.000), postoperative endotracheal reintubation (χ(2) = 9.167, P = 0.002), postoperative low blood pressure (χ(2) = 10.202, P = 0.001), postoperative temporary neurological deficits (χ(2) = 7.512, P = 0.006), postoperative infection (χ(2) = 11.088, P = 0.001) were the risk factors for ARF. The logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative sCr (P = 0.023) and acute respiratory dysfunction (P = 0.011) were independent determinants of ARF; preoperative ARF (P = 0.022), CRRT (P = 0.003) and permanent neurological deficits were independent determinants for hospital mortality. Conclusions ARF is a common complication of post Type A aorta dissection surgery under DHCA, and is the risk factor of hospital mortality. It is important to enhance peri-operative protection of the renal function.
Interferon-gamma Expressing EBV LMP2A-Specific T Cells for T Cell Therapy Against EBV-Positive Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) accounts for approximately 67% of lymphomas. Patients with HL refractory to standard intervention have poor prognoses. LMP2A is one of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncoproteins persistently expressed in approximately 50% of HL cases, providing an ideal target for T cell therapy against EBV-positive HL. However, polyclonal EBV-specific T cells have achieved only limited responses in clinical trials, with eventual disease progression or relapse. While multiple possibilities could underlie the unsatisfactory efficacy, the most obvious shortcoming of the current generation of therapeutic T cells is the low frequency of HL-relevant effectors in the T cell preparations. We designed a strategy to enrich LMP2A-specific T cells from polyclonal EBV-specific T cell preparations. With an “Interferon (IFN) Capture” procedure, LMP2A-specific T cells were isolated from T cell cultures generated with stimulation by autologous EBV immortalized B lymphoblastoid cells based on their antigen-specific expression of IFN-gamma. The enriched LMP2A-specific T cells were subsequently expanded with the anti-CD3 antibody OKT3 to a scale applicable for clinical use. Our results showed that a ten fold enrichment can be achieved for T cell cultures containing as low as 0.5% LMP2A T cells, and 5 fold for those containing higher than 10%. Thus, 2 consecutive expansions increased the LMP2A-specific T cells to nearly 50% from 0.5% in the starting culture. Cytokine expression analysis showed that the enriched T cells retained their antigen specific production of IFN-gamma, and a subpopulation upto 10% of the IFN-gamma producing T cells were capable of expressing interleukin (IL)-2. In contrast, no cells expressing immuno-suppressive cytokines IL-4, IL10 and TGF-beta were detected. The enriched T cells were mostly CD45RO+/CD45RA-, indicating that they were proliferation competent. Chromium release assays confirmed that the enriched T cells maintained antigen-specific cytotoxicity. With a panel of four HLA A02 restricted tetramers, we could further demonstrate that the enriched T cells were polyclonal recognizing multiple LMP2A epitopes and retained their spectrum of specificity throughout the enrichment and expansion. This system provided the foundation for T cell therapy against EBV-positive HL with new generation therapeutic T cells.
The Seventh Solvay Conference: Nuclear Physics, Intellectual Migration, and Institutional Influence

I discuss the founding of the Solvay Conferences in Physics by Ernest Solvay in Brussels in 1911 and then turn to the seventh Solvay Conference in October 1933. I show how it lay at the crossroads in the history of experimental and theoretical nuclear physics when new experimental techniques and instruments were being developed and new theoretical ideas and concepts were being generated, all of which were diffused to physicists in many countries of the world, some of whom were part of the greatest intellectual migration in the twentieth century, if not in history. I conclude by indicating the great influence that the Solvay Conferences exerted as a model for other conferences in physics and in the history and philosophy of physics.
Are Societies Turing Machines? Some Implications of the Cyclical Majority Problem, an NP Complete Problem, for Cybernetic Models of Social Systems

The paradigms of cybernetic models of social systems are frequently finite automata. Such models, implicitly or explicitly, require a decision procedure for multi-attribute value aggregation. This decision procedure requires either a hierarchical ordering of sub- and supra-systems, or is reduced to the cyclical majority problem. Many well-known applications of cybernetic concepts to the analysis of social systems have been aimed at constructing formal models of society and using these models to examine processes which could be described by finite automata1. The outstanding work of Buckley2, Parsons3 and Etzioni4 in sociology; of Deutsch5 and Easton6 in political science; and of Forrester7, D. H. Meadows, D. L. Meadows, Randers and Behrens8, and Mesarovic and Pestel9 in social systems simulation exemplify this approach. Simulations of political processes in Shaffer10, Pool11, and Klausner12 typify cybernetic models expressed as implicit theory embodied in computer programs (as noted by Browning)13, as well as showing the behavior of the explicit processes which the programs model.
Prenatal Effects of Zika Virus and Management of the Pregnant Woman

The identification of Zika virus as a significant teratogen has raised international concern, causing the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This has allowed a global mobilization of experts in tropical infectious diseases, obstetrics, pediatrics, virology, public health policy, reproductive health, bioethics, and germ cell research to name just a few. This worldwide crisis has also raised awareness of health care disparities and concerns regarding the ability of families and societies to shoulder the long-term financial burden that the follow-up of affected children will require. There is now strong biologic evidence of causality between Zika virus and microcephaly and other neurologic abnormalities identified. Multiple national and international organizations have collaborated to develop guidelines for the management of pregnant women who reside in or who are exposed to Zika virus, whether from travel to affected areas or via sexual contact with an infected individual. These guidelines are updated frequently as data are made available. Testing algorithms are available and though testing is fraught with interpretation issues, the development of better diagnostic tests is ongoing.
Review of fluorescence guided surgery systems: identification of key performance capabilities beyond indocyanine green imaging

There is growing interest in using fluorescence imaging instruments to guide surgery, and the leading options for open-field imaging are reviewed here. While the clinical fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) field has been focused predominantly on indocyanine green (ICG) imaging, there is accelerated development of more specific molecular tracers. These agents should help advance new indications for which FGS presents a paradigm shift in how molecular information is provided for resection decisions. There has been a steady growth in commercially marketed FGS systems, each with their own differentiated performance characteristics and specifications. A set of desirable criteria is presented to guide the evaluation of instruments, including: (i) real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, (ii) operation within ambient room lighting, (iii) nanomolar-level sensitivity, (iv) quantitative capabilities, (v) simultaneous multiple fluorophore imaging, and (vi) ergonomic utility for open surgery. In this review, United States Food and Drug Administration 510(k) cleared commercial systems and some leading premarket FGS research systems were evaluated to illustrate the continual increase in this performance feature base. Generally, the systems designed for ICG-only imaging have sufficient sensitivity to ICG, but a fraction of the other desired features listed above, with both lower sensitivity and dynamic range. In comparison, the emerging research systems targeted for use with molecular agents have unique capabilities that will be essential for successful clinical imaging studies with low-concentration agents or where superior rejection of ambient light is needed. There is no perfect imaging system, but the feature differences among them are important differentiators in their utility, as outlined in the data and tables here.
Machine learning–based 3‐D geometry reconstruction and modeling of aortic valve deformation using 3‐D computed tomography images

Summary To conduct a patient-specific computational modeling of the aortic valve, 3D aortic valve anatomic geometries of an individual patient need to be reconstructed from clinical 3D cardiac images. Currently, most of computational studies involve manual heart valve geometry reconstruction and manual FE model generation, which is both time-consuming and prone to human errors. A seamless computational modeling framework, which can automate this process based on machine learning algorithms, is desirable, as it can not only eliminate human errors and ensure the consistency of the modeling results, but also allows fast feedback to clinicians and permits a future population-based probabilistic analysis of large patient cohorts. In this study, we developed a novel computational modeling method to automatically reconstruct the 3D geometries of the aortic valve from CT images. The reconstructed valve geometries have built-in mesh correspondence, which bridges harmonically for the consequent FE modeling. The proposed method was evaluated by comparing the reconstructed geometries from ten patients to those manually created by human experts, and a mean discrepancy of 0.69 mm was obtained. Based on these reconstructed geometries, FE models of valve leaflets were developed, and aortic valve closure from end systole to mid-diastole was simulated for seven patients and validated by comparing the deformed geometries to those manually created by human experts, and a mean discrepancy of 1.57 mm was obtained. The proposed method offers great potential to streamline the computational modeling process and enables the development of a pre-operative planning system for aortic valve disease diagnosis and treatment.
Temperature dependent diffusion characterization of In(Ga)As/InAsSb type-II superlattice infrared detectors

We present the temperature dependent minority carrier mobility of Ga-content varying InGaAs/InAsSb superlattice infrared detectors by combining time-resolved photoluminescence and electron beam induced current measurements with a new numerical approach to minimize the uncertainty.
Adolescent Susceptibility to Deviant Peer Pressure: Does Gender Matter?

It is well known that adolescent risk-taking behaviors often occur in social settings among peers, however, it is unclear whether there are gender differences in the susceptibility to deviant peers, an antecedent to risk-taking behaviors. This qualitative review examines gender differences in adolescent susceptibility to deviant peer pressure in order to better understand processes that contribute to adolescent risk-taking behavior. The review of 26 studies revealed two primary trends: (1) compared to adolescent females, adolescent males appear to be more susceptible to peer influences that encourage risk-taking behaviors, or (2) there is no consistent gender difference in susceptibility to such peer influences. Only two studies reviewed suggested adolescent females to be more susceptible to deviant peer pressure than adolescent males. The discussion offers two useful perspectives that may explain the two trends in the literature. First, gender role socialization theory is consistent with the observed trend that adolescent males are more susceptible to deviant peer pressure for risk-taking behaviors than females as they seek alignment with the masculine ideal. Second, the conceptual and methodological issues, such as using typically male-dominated risk-taking tasks and assessments (i.e., delinquency scale) to measure both males’ and females’ outcomes, may obscure underlying patterns of gender differences in susceptibility to peer influence. Future researchers are encouraged to empirically examine these trends in order to create appropriate interventions.
Self-Awareness and Recovery of Independence With Strategy Training.

OBJECTIVE Poor self-awareness co-occurs with cognitive impairments after stroke and may influence independence in daily activities. Strategy training promotes independence after stroke, but poor awareness may attenuate treatment response. We examined the degree to which awareness status affected changes in independence attributed to strategy training. METHOD We conducted a secondary analysis of 30 participants with cognitive impairments after acute stroke randomized to strategy training or attention control in addition to typical inpatient rehabilitation. We measured awareness with the Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview and independence with the FIM™. Data were analyzed using general linear models. RESULTS Poor awareness attenuated improvements in independence over time, F(3, 55) = 3.04, p = .038. Strategy training promoted greater improvements in independence over time relative to attention control, F(3, 55) = 5.93, p = .002. However, the interaction between awareness and intervention was not significant, F(1, 19) = 0.025, p = .877. CONCLUSION Awareness status may not affect the response to strategy training, indicating that strategy training may benefit people with poor awareness.
Artificial neural network based framework for cyber nano manufacturing

Abstract Nanomanufacturing plays an important role for high performance products in several applications. The challenge for fabricating products with nanomaterials is the inability to interconnect and interface with nano/micro manufacturing equipment. This paper presents a framework for cyber nanomanufacturing. Input part designs of nano/micro scale components are evaluated with an artificial neural network (ANN) based smart agent to predict optimal nanomanufacturing processes. An internet-of-things (IoT) based cyber-interface simulator is implemented to simulate real-time machine availability. Further, an application program interface (API) is developed to integrate the ANN smart agent and IoT simulator outcomes to predict dynamic machine allocations in real-time.
Gender and Leadership in Academic Libraries

Abstract This study considers academic library personnel perceptions of gender and leadership associated with three obstacles – family, “double binds”, social capital – identified by Alice Eagly and Linda Carli in 2007. A survey was created that provides prompts to measure perception of these obstacles as they apply to both genders. Ninety-two library personnel from a random sample completed the survey. Findings from a t-test that describe and interpret the results are presented, along with themes coded from survey comments. Suggestions Eagly and Carli offer to improve leadership equity are adapted specifically to academic libraries.
Childhood Trauma and Somatization: Identifying Mechanisms for Targeted Intervention

Childhood trauma is associated with a variety of adverse physical and mental health problems, including somatization. The exploration of the mechanisms through which this association may exist is important for developing targeted interventions to improve physical and psychological outcomes. The current studies examined the mediating roles of (1) mindfulness and (2) experiential avoidance in the association between childhood trauma and somatization. The associations of interest were examined both in a group of at-risk adolescents, as well as in a community sample of adults. A total of 51 at-risk adolescents and 287 community adults completed self-report measures of childhood trauma, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and somatization. Bootstrapped indirect effect analyses indicated that mindfulness and experiential avoidance significantly mediated the association between childhood trauma and somatization in adolescents. Additionally, both experiential avoidance and nonjudgment of inner experience significantly mediated the association between childhood trauma and somatization in adults. Overall, mindfulness and experiential avoidance appear to be mechanisms through which the association between childhood trauma and somatization may exist. The results of the current studies highlight the need for future research examining preventive interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), that target processes like mindfulness and experiential avoidance in order to improve outcomes for trauma-exposed individuals.
Deep making: curricular modules for transferable content-knowledge and scientific literacy in makerspaces and FabLabs

We describe work in progress on Deep Making, a framework for the design of curricular modules that facilitate learning of transferable content-knowledge in makerspaces and FabLabs. Concern about epistemological dilution and our experience in co-design work with educators in these settings has informed this theoretical framing. We discuss the need for such a set of modules and the educational theories that guide us in the process of designing them. We present a few examples of such modules and sketch out a research design to test their efficacy.
Stimulus Control in a Group Setting

Stimulus control treatment for insomnia, originally developed by Richard Bootzin (1977), was designed to be applied to individuals. We used a small-group method of delivering this intervention. We chose this group approach strictly to conserve scarce research funds. However, after treating both groups and individuals, we became convinced that the group approach was the superior method of delivering these services.
Detection of Multiway Gamma Coordination Reveals How Frequency Mixing Shapes Neural Dynamics

A principle of communication technology, frequency mixing, describes how novel oscillations are generated when rhythmic inputs converge on a nonlinearly activating target. As expected given that neurons are nonlinear integrators, it was demonstrated that neuronal networks exhibit mixing in response to imposed oscillations of known frequencies. However, determining when mixing occurs in spontaneous conditions, where weaker or more variable rhythms prevail, has remained impractical. Here, we show that, by exploiting the predicted phase (rather than frequency) relationships between oscillations, the contributions of mixing can be readily identified, even in small samples of noisy data. Assessment of extracellular data using this approach revealed that frequency mixing is widely expressed in a state- and region-dependent manner and that oscillations emerging from mixing entrain unit activity. Frequency mixing is thus intrinsic to the structure of neural activity and contributes importantly to neural dynamics.
Communication Artifacts for Requirements Engineering

The current study aims to improve the requirements engineering RE communication, as often times projects fail due to poorly specified or misunderstood requirements. We use design science methods to build and evaluate a conceptual model which can add value to managers by offering them a set of guidelines and best practices for facilitating the RE communication. We did a qualitative study to investigate what the criteria are for selecting communication artifacts and we discovered that organizational culture plays a key role in this process. We demonstrate that the used artifacts need to adequately reflect the dynamic and intensity of the communication. Finally, we extend the RE process by adding two transitional phases to avoid requirements slipping through the gaps. Our findings indicate that such transitions are more distinct in traditional waterfall organizations and less salient in agile companies. The current study approaches the RE communication process from a design science perspective which adds more knowledge on the topic and addresses some existing issues leading to project failure.
Review: In generalized anxiety disorder, network meta-analysis shows efficacy and tolerability of various drugs.

Source Citation Slee A, Nazareth I, Bondaronek P, et al. Pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019;393:768-77. 30712879
Waste and Recycled Materials in Concrete Technology

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the waste and recycled materials in concrete technology. Concrete made with Portland cement, water, admixtures, and aggregates comprises in quantity the largest of all man-made materials. Worldwide consumption of concrete amounts to more than 1000 kg per person. The demand is expected to increase in future. Historically, whenever new compounds were produced or waste materials accumulated in industries, they were incorporated as one of the ingredients of concrete. In many instances certain benefits resulted. The widespread need for conserving resources and environment and proper utilization of energy reflects in major emphasis on the use of wastes and by-products and recycling operations in cement and concrete technology. Wastes or by-products can be used as raw material for making cement clinker, supplementary material in blended cements, replacement of chemical gypsum, admixtures, aggregates, and impregnants in hardened concrete. Recycling of concrete materials also offers some promise. Attempts are already being made to use municipal refuse and waste oil as partial substitutes for fuel in the production of cement clinker. The chapter presents some of the ways in which various waste materials and by-products may be used in concrete technology.
Long-standing and unresolved issues in triboelectric charging

Static electrification is among the earliest of the sciences, well known to us all and with widespread and important consequences. Yet, its most basic foundations remain poorly understood. For example, after centuries of research, it is still not clear whether electrons, ions or even bulk material transfer is responsible for the observed charging. Recent work has leveraged the most advanced experimental and theoretical approaches, and has addressed the phenomenon from perspectives of quantum mechanics, surface chemistry, mechanochemistry and statistical physics. While the resulting findings have advanced many aspects of our understanding, they have also led to the discovery of new surprises that we are only beginning to appreciate. This Review addresses both recent advances and their accompanying surprises. Triboelectric charging is well known to us all and has widespread and important consequences. Nonetheless, its most basic foundations remain poorly understood, and progress is often countered by the emergence of baffling new observations. Recent work shows the difficulty may arise because charging is governed by competing and unstable dynamical processes.
Bedside Placement of Small-Bowel Feeding Tubes In the Intensive Care Unit

Early enteral feeding is beneficial to critically ill patients, although it is often a challenge to accomplish. When required, placing feeding tubes into the small bowel can be costly and difficult to carry out in a timely manner, often requiring fluoroscopic or endoscopic guidance. We implemented a modified protocol that enabled nurses to place feeding tubes at the bedside without fluoroscopy. This technique has resulted in timely placement, with initiation of enteral feeding in less than 24 hours. Ninety-five percent of the attempted placements were successfully completed at the bedside. Transport of patients was avoided, and no specialized equipment was required. Therefore, greater satisfaction for patients with less risk was possible, and caregivers benefited as well.