cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Third Kind of Feminist Reading: Toward a Feminist Sociology of Biblical Hermeneutics

This article proposes that the next step in feminist biblical studies requires, even demands, the development of sociologically framed paradigms. It illustrates this proposal for such a third kind of reading with an examination of the interpretation history of Genesis 2-3 during the past forty years. Five hermeneutical stages emerge. They move from a first stage on feminist interpretations, to a second stage on deconstructive responses, to a third stage of interpretations that reassert androcentric meaning, to a fourth stage on the Christian Right’s insistence on patriarchal gender roles, and finally to a fifth stage on commercialized biblical meanings in the Western media. This analysis shows that a feminist sociology of biblical hermeneutics explains, even to beginning students, the connections between biblical hermeneutics and society, because it conceptualizes biblical texts and interpretation histories as hermeneutically dynamic, politically and religiously charged conversations concerning socio-poli...
Disruption of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in type IIαI collagen-expressing cells reduces bone length and width in mice

It is well established that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is critical for the regulation of peak bone mineral density (BMD) and bone width. However, the role of systemic vs. local IGF-I is not...
Latino Elderly in Nonmetropolitan America

The Latino population is the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in the United States. Despite its youthful age structure, the elderly segment of this population has been growing rapidly and is expected to increase even more dramatically in the coming decades. Yet, little research has addressed the demographic, social, economic and health patterns of Latino elderly in nonmetropolitan areas. This chapter draws on data from the American Community Survey to develop a profile of the nonmetropolitan Latino elderly population on these characteristics. The chapter also provides an overview of the existing literature on the nonmetropolitan Latino elderly population, and we close by outlining major research and policy needs of this population group.
A new method of left ventricular catheterization.

A description is presented of a rapid and relatively uncomplicated method of left heart catheterization. It is possible in this manner to obtain many types of left ventricular studies and ventriculograms of diagnostic quality. A special loop-end catheter is employed, which is percutaneously introduced into the aorta and which regularly enters the left ventricle through the aortic valve except when this valve is stenosed or deformed. This entry is accomplished without apparent injury to the heart.
Split-set rock bolt analysis

Abstract A system of twelve equations have been developed for the elastic-plastic analysis of split-set roof bolts and these equations have been programmed for solution on the IBM 370/168 computer. Typical solutions have been presented in graphical form for comparison with experemental data. The results compare favorably for most of the split-sets providing the system parameters are properly specified. It appears that this analytical solution will be valuable to mining engineers since the solutions have been put in graphical form. Plots of the effects of the various parameters (material strength, material strain-hardening, friction, thickness, radius, angle of contact) on the holding capacity of split-sets have been constructed and are presented in this paper.
QoS-aware multiple spanning tree mechanism over a bridged LAN environment

Today's emerging traffic is far removed from the traffic trends seen during the early days of Ethernet technology. As a result, the current IEEE 802.1 standards and its extensions to the spanning tree protocol fall short of providing satisfactory quality of service for traffic which has a significant amount of QoS-sensitive multimedia and VoIP traffic. In the current and near-future scenario of campus-wide networks with significantly large layer-2 clusters and numerous virtual LANs (VLANs), we show significant shortcomings of the basic spanning tree and the multiple spanning tree protocols with regard to QoS. We propose a novel, simple, and yet highly effective enhancement to the multiple spanning tree protocol to achieve a high degree of QoS by keeping in perspective the different characteristics of the various traffic types in the Diffserv framework. We discuss the problems of the current standards and present in detail our proposed extension to overcome them. Our simulation results show good improvements in throughput and significant benefits in delay for all classes of traffic to conclusively prove our claims.
Historical overview: Searching for replication help in all of the rec places

For several decades, research into the mechanisms of genetic recombination proceeded without a complete understanding of its cellular function or its place in DNA metabolism. Many lines of research recently have coalesced to reveal a thorough integration of most aspects of DNA metabolism, including recombination. In bacteria, the primary function of homologous genetic recombination is the repair of stalled or collapsed replication forks. Recombinational DNA repair of replication forks is a surprisingly common process, even under normal growth conditions. The new results feature multiple pathways for repair and the involvement of many enzymatic systems. The long-recognized integration of replication and recombination in the DNA metabolism of bacteriophage T4 has moved into the spotlight with its clear mechanistic precedents. In eukaryotes, a similar integration of replication and recombination is seen in meiotic recombination as well as in the repair of replication forks and double-strand breaks generated by environmental abuse. Basic mechanisms for replication fork repair can now inform continued research into other aspects of recombination. This overview attempts to trace the history of the search for recombination function in bacteria and their bacteriophages, as well as some of the parallel paths taken in eukaryotic recombination research.
Molecular handles for the mechanical manipulation of single-membrane proteins in living cells

We have developed a procedure to selectively biotinylate a specific membrane protein, enabling its attachment to external force probes and thus allowing its mechanical manipulation within its native environment. Using potassium channels as model membrane proteins in oocytes, we have found that Maleimide-PEG3400-biotin is the crosslinker with highest conjugation selectivity and accessibility to external probes. Neutravidin-coated beads provide for directed attachment while avoiding nonspecific interactions with the cell. The technology was successfully tested by mechanical manipulation of biotinylated extracellular residues of channels in oocytes using an atomic force microscope under conditions which preserve function of the channels. Binding forces of /spl sim/80 pN at 100 nN/s were measured.
HEAD TRAUMA | Neuropathology

This chapter will discuss the topic of adult head injury and those injuries that exist in all ages but will not specifically discuss child abuse head injuries. The mechanisms that produce head injury are static or dynamic loading with the latter being a more common mechanism and causing the head to move by either impact or impulse. Head injury can also be categorized as either focal or diffuse. Focal head injuries include facial and scalp abrasions, contusions, lacerations, skull fractures, brain contusions, epidural hemorrhage, and focal subdural hemorrhage. Diffuse brain injuries include interhemispheric subdural hemorrhage and traumatic diffuse axonal injury.
Policing Muslim communities: comparative international context, by Farrukh B. Hakeem, M. R. Haberfeld, and Arvind Verma, New York, NY, Springer, 2012, 146 pp., US$129 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-4614-3551-8

Hakeem, Haberfeld, and Verma, three well-respected researchers, have provided an interesting and unique contribution to the policing literature. Over nine chapters, covering a variety of topics, th...
Hybrid flux-switching linear machine with fault-tolerant capability

Safety critical applications such as in naval and aerospace industries demand electrical drives with fault-tolerant capabilities. A novel hybrid flux-switching linear machine capable of operating reliably under short-circuit faults is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology has a yokeless translator and two stator modules. Alnico magnets along with DC windings are used to provide the field excitation. It has been shown that by controlling the current through the DC field windings, magnet flux can also be controlled. Under a short-circuit fault in one of the windings, it is seen that by turning the magnet off, the fault current is reduced to 50% of its original value. Also, the phase windings of the proposed machine have high self inductance and low mutual inductances thereby, achieving good phase isolation for fault-tolerance.
The relationship between chiropractor required and current level of business knowledge.

Background Chiropractors frequently practice within health care systems requiring the business acumen of an entrepreneur. However, some chiropractors do not know the relationship between the level of business knowledge required for practice success and their current level of business knowledge. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between chiropractors’ perceived level of business knowledge required and their perceived level of current business knowledge.
Reducing the Risks of Relief — The CDC Opioid-Prescribing Guideline

The CDC has released a guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain to set a safer, more effective course for pain management and opioid use by supporting clinicians caring for patients outside the context of cancer treatment or palliative or end-of-life care.
209 After Hurricane Sandy, implementation of the expanded syndromic surveillance for recovery workers and residents

Objectives Hurricane Sandy brought wide spread devastation in the region of New York and New Jersey in USA. To our knowledge, there have been no official reports of the health effects from Hurricane Sandy since the day of Hurricane arrival 10/29 in 2012. Methods To rapidly assess the health impacts of Hurricane Sandy among recovery workers and residents in the affected area, we are building an expanded syndromic surveillance system that integrates the near real-time electronic Emergency Department (ED) visit records collected from 14 EDs within a large health system in NY, the air quality index data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Recovery workers will be identified from billing database. Approximately 50% of occupational/industrial information of ED patients are missing, however patients with work-related injuries and illnesses required to provide this information according to Worker’s Compensation system in US. Through a multilevel case-crossover design, we aim to rapid identification of elevated health effects during four exposure windows we developed (the Pre-, During-, Short-term, and Long-term Post-Hurricane) by comparing ED records before (from 2005) and after Hurricane Sandy while adjusting for air pollution levels and weather conditions. The continuing monitoring during the fourth exposure window (i.e. Long-term Post- Hurricane) will ensure early detection of potential occurrences of chronic diseases stemmed from the initial disaster-related acute forms. The implementation of the syndromic surveillance within a large health system will not only improve the healthcare delivery, but also provide important information to the outside stakeholders such as public health agencies to enhance strategic planning for rapid post-disaster response.
Surgical Approach to Hemodialysis Access

With the increasing incidence of end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis vascular access presents an ongoing struggle, and a multidisciplinary approach must be considered to provide long-term durable access for patients on chronic hemodialysis. Surgeons must be very thoughtful in planning the steps of access for these patients and consider fistula first and catheter last, without forgetting that prosthetic grafts may be a legitimate first option for patients. This article provides a review of surgical management of dialysis access, including primary access options and follow-up of this difficult patient population.
Combination of irinotecan, oxaliplatin and cetuximab for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer

14135 Background: Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is considered standard approach for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer but the results remain unsatisfactory with survival averaging about 6...
Study on the adsorption ability of Nano-TiO_2 for nitrogen dioxide in the air of workplace

[Objective]To preliminarily discuss the adsorption ability of nano-TiO2 for nitrogen nioxide(NO2) in the air of workplace.[Methods]Under the national standards of occupation health,the air was passed nano-TiO2 or micron TiO2 before adsorbed by the adsorption solution and then converted into NO2 concentration in the air before absorption by solution.[Results]The air NO2 concentrations of the nano-TiO2 groups were lower than the control groups and Micron TiO2 groups,the differences were significant(Р0.05).The adsorption rates of the Nano-TiO2 groups in the manual welding station,argon arc welding station and inspection heating furnace station with natural gas were 72.22%,70.64% and 81.43% respectively,while the adsorption rates in micron TiO2 groups were 2.41%,4.38% and 0.98%.[Conclusion]The adsorption ability of nano-TiO2 for NO2 is very strong,so the prevention must be enhanced among occupational groups with production and use of nanomaterials.
Enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus of clinical specimens and drug resistance

Objective To understand the enterotoxin carrying situation and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)isolated from clinical specimens.Methods Mini-VIDAS and PCR amplification were used to detect S.aureus enterotoxin and its genes,S.aureus enterotoxin and enterotoxin genes sea~see(sea、seb、sec、sed、see)、seg~sej(seg、seh、sei、sej) and tsst.Amplification products were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis.Cefoxitin was used to detect Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).The strain susceptibility was tested by agar dilution.Results 40(72.73%) out of 55 S.aureus strains were enterotoxin positive,mainly,sea 14.55%(8/55),sec 12.73%(7/55) and seb 9.10%(5/55),9.09(5/55) strains carrying two or more enterotoxins;In addition,17 out of 19 MRSA strains carried enterotoxin(89.47%),sea is the main enterotoxin gene,accounting for 26.32%(5/19);23 out of 36 MSSA strains carried enterotoxin(63.89%),sec was the main enterotoxin gene,accounting for 16.67%(6/36).S.aureus was susceptible to furadantin,but resistant to 11 kinds of antibiotics,including penicillin,oxacillin,et al.MRSA had stronger resistance to MSSA.Conclusions More attention should be paid to the detection of S.aureus enterotoxin and MRSA,and rational use of antibiotics was important for the control of MRSA infection in hospital.
New Techniques of Hearing Assessment

This article reviews current literature in the areas of otoacoustic emissions and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) and their application to the evaluation of peripheral auditory function in infants and children. The different types of otoacoustic emissions are described along with their incidence, development, clinical applications, and interpretation in the pediatric group. The development of the auditory system, reflected by ABRs, is presented in detail with previously unpublished results from three-channel Lissajous' trajectory studies performed in infants. Clinical application of frequency-specific ABRs, both air and bone conducted, are presented. Finally, a discussion of the need to develop objective estimators of signal quality and threshold detection for otoacoustic emissions and ABRs in infants and children is presented, which includes previously unpublished results evaluating a new technique.
Ischemic Heart Disease Incidence in Relation to Fine versus Total Particulate Matter Exposure in a U.S. Aluminum Industry Cohort

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been linked to exposures to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the ambient environment and in occupational settings. Routine industrial exposure monitoring, however, has traditionally focused on total particulate matter (TPM). To assess potential benefits of PM2.5 monitoring, we compared the exposure-response relationships between both PM2.5 and TPM and incidence of IHD in a cohort of active aluminum industry workers. To account for the presence of time varying confounding by health status we applied marginal structural Cox models in a cohort followed with medical claims data for IHD incidence from 1998 to 2012. Analyses were stratified by work process into smelters (n = 6,579) and fabrication (n = 7,432). Binary exposure was defined by the 10th-percentile cut-off from the respective TPM and PM2.5 exposure distributions for each work process. Hazard Ratios (HR) comparing always exposed above the exposure cut-off to always exposed below the cut-off were higher for PM2.5, with HRs of 1.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.60) and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.02–2.13) in smelters and fabrication, respectively. For TPM, the HRs were 1.25 (95% CI: 0.89–1.77) and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.88–1.77) for smelters and fabrication respectively. Although TPM and PM2.5 were highly correlated in this work environment, results indicate that, consistent with biologic plausibility, PM2.5 is a stronger predictor of IHD risk than TPM. Cardiovascular risk management in the aluminum industry, and other similar work environments, could be better guided by exposure surveillance programs monitoring PM2.5.
Realism and Reason: Philosophers and human understanding

I find myself in the position that Jerome Bruner (1976) found himself in a few years before me. I agreed to give a Herbert Spencer lecture; I planned to give a lecture on the topic of scientific explanation; I intended to discuss a particular controversy in that field, the controversy about whether scientific theories are ‘incommensurable’, about whether there is any ‘convergence’ in scientific knowledge; but I felt increasing dissatisfaction with this entire idea as the day approached. Bruner's dissatisfaction led him to some reflections about the history and present state of psychology. I intend to follow his example and ruminate on the activity itself, the activity of philosophy of science, in my own case, and on certain dissatisfactions I feel with the way that activity has been pursued, rather than discuss a particular issue within it. However, the particular issue I mentioned will come up in the course of these ruminations. Logical positivism is self-refuting In the late 1920s, about 1928, the Vienna Circle announced the first of what were to be a series of formulations of an empiricist meaning criterion: the meaning of a sentence is its method of verification . A. J. Ayer's Language, Truth and Logic spread the new message to the English-speaking philosophical world: untestable statements are cognitively meaningless . A statement must either be ( a ) analytic (logically true, or logically false to be more precise) or ( b ) empirically testable, or ( c ) nonsense , i.e., not a real statement at all, but only a pseudostatement. Notice that this was already a change from the first formulation.
Critical analysis of feeding jejunostomy following resection of upper gastrointestinal malignancies.

Critical analysis of feeding jejunostomy following resection of upper gastrointestinal malignancies
Overlapping finite elements for a new paradigm of solution

A new paradigm of solution is considered.We give the formulation of new overlapping finite elements.The numerical integration of the element matrices is efficient.The new elements are quite distortion insensitive.We illustrate the complete solution scheme of the new paradigm. We present novel overlapping finite elements for a new paradigm of solution proposed in our previous papers, see Bathe (2016) and Bathe and Zhang (2017).We give the formulation of the new overlapping elements and the solutions of basic numerical examples to investigate the robustness and efficiency of the new finite elements. The results show that the new overlapping elements are quite distortion insensitive and the numerical integration of the element matrices is efficient. The computational effort to integrate the matrices is much less than in meshfree methods. Finally, we illustrate the complete solution scheme of the new paradigm using the overlapping finite elements in the analysis of the bracket problem already considered in Bathe and Zhang (2017).While the paper proposes and studies new overlapping elements, we conclude that further research is needed to fully harvest the potential of the new analysis approach.
Memoirs: Polymastigote flagellates of the genus Foaina Janicki, and two new genera Crucinympha and Bullanympha

1. Foaina gracilis does not have two parabasal bodies, as described by Janicki, but a single structure that partially encircles the nucleus and extends on both sides of the blepharoplast. It is the type species of a large genus of Devescovininae. 2. A similar flagellate, Foaina delicata new species, occurs in Glyptotermes iridipennis. It was included by Duboseq and Grasse in the supposed life-cycle of ‘Devescovina hilli’ as a young stage. 3. The larger forms typical of ‘Devescovina hilli’ do not belong in the genus Devescovina. A new genus, Crucinympha, is established. 4. The parabasal apparatus is very different from that of species of Devescovina. There is a proximal element bent in a hook on the anterior surface of the nucleus, with the blepharoplast closest to the bend, passing along the unclear membrane in a C- or U-form; and one or two, rarely three, distal elements attached to this so that the apparatus has the shape of an inverted T or a cross. 5. The supposed longitudinal fission of the parabasal apparatus of ‘Devescovina hilli’, described by Daboscq and Grasse, is not actually division; its description was due to misinterpretation of the normal structure. 6. A remarkable flagellate, Bullanympha silvestrii new genus, new species, is present in Neotermes erythraeus. 7. The parabasal apparatus of Bullanympha silvestrii is very unusual. It consists of a U-shaped proximal element of normal size and form comparable to the parabasal bodies of certain species of Foaina, and a voluminous, compressed, distal element attached to this at the bend and turned around the axostyle ½ to 3 ½ times, having a form suggestive of a spiral, sloping shelf. 8. In the surface layer of cytoplasm of the whole body of all specimens are numerous, short, rod-shaped, deeply staining peripheral granules. Some show forms suggesting fission, and they are probably intracytoplasmic micro-organisms.
Abstract 4595: Moxetumomab pasudotox spares CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in multiply relapsed hairy cell leukemia patients, while prospective trials of first, second, and later lines of purine analogs show increasing toxicity

The purine nucleoside analogs cladribine and pentostatin damage DNA and cause long-term suppression of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). There is increasing concern that these reductions, particularly in CD4+ T-cells, may be associated with opportunistic infections and secondary malignancies. The anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox targets HCL without damaging DNA, and spares T-cells. In a phase 1 trial, 20 patients treated with 50 ug/Kg every other day for 3 doses for 2-8 (median 4) cycles were evaluated for T-cell subsets. CD4 cells increased -56% to 152% (median 46%) after end of treatment, decreasing in only 1 of the 20 patients. Because there is very little prospective data on the effect of purine analogs on T-cells, we analyzed data from 80 consecutively enrolled patients receiving cladribine in first line, 40 receiving cladribine in second line, and 52 receiving either pentostatin or bendamustine in third or later lines. The latter group was most appropriate to compare with moxetumomab pasudotox, which was also used in third or later-line treatment of HCL. CD4 counts after moxetumomab pasudotox were 85-600 (median 424), compared to 22-618 (median 73) after third or later line purine analog (p Citation Format: Robert J. Kreitman, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Evgeny Arons, Ira Pastan. Moxetumomab pasudotox spares CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in multiply relapsed hairy cell leukemia patients, while prospective trials of first, second, and later lines of purine analogs show increasing toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4595. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4595
Demogenetic simulations reveal fragmenting effects of climate change on insular lizard populations

The extinction risk of insular species with sessile life histories is expected to increase as they may be unable to track habitat in response to global climate change. Demogenetic simulations can couple population demography and niche modeling to produce spatially-explicit genetic and demographic information for all simulated individuals and provide insight into the effects of climate change at demographic and population genetic levels. We used CDMETAPOP to simulate a population of island night lizards (Xantusia riversiana) on Santa Barbara Island to evaluate its sensitivity to climate change to the year 2100 across 8 scenarios based on 2 climate models, 2 emissions pathways, and 2 connectivity models. We found that 1) X. riversiana is sensitive to climate change with SDMs predicting a loss of suitable habitat of 93%-98% by 2038, 2) population genetic structure is expected to increase drastically to 0.209-0.673 from approximately 0.0346, and 3) estimated minimum abundance is expected to declined sharply over the 2007 to 2038 period and reached values of 0-1% of the 2007 population size in all scenarios by 2100. Climate change is expected to decrease census population size and result in extant habitat patches that are isolated from one another with very high levels of genetic divergence over short periods of time. These patterns may drive the Santa Barbara Island population to extinction under certain scenarios. Management plans should address methods to improve connectivity on the island and attempt to create refugial patches. Contingency plans, such as translocation, may be required to prevent population extirpation. This study highlights the utility of demogenetic simulations in evaluating population demographic and genetic patterns under climate change with suggestions on workflows for running simulations in a high-throughput manner.
Metabolic modulation of Ewing sarcoma cells inhibits tumor growth and stem cell properties

// Atreyi Dasgupta 1 , Matteo Trucco 2 , Nino Rainusso 1 , Ronald J. Bernardi 1 , Ryan Shuck 1 , Lyazat Kurenbekova 1 , David M. Loeb 3 and Jason T. Yustein 1, 4, 5 1 The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center at The Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2 Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA 3 Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA 4 Integrative Molecular and Biological Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA 5 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Correspondence to: Jason T. Yustein, email: yustein@bcm.edu Keywords: metabolism, cancer stem cells, Ewing sarcoma, 2DG, metformin Received: March 21, 2017 Accepted: July 20, 2017 Published: August 24, 2017 ABSTRACT Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a highly aggressive and metabolically active malignant tumor. Metabolic activity can broadly be characterized by features of glycolytic activity and oxidative phosphorylation. We have further characterized metabolic features of EWS cells to identify potential therapeutic targets. EWS cells had significantly more glycolytic activity compared to their non-malignant counterparts. Thus, metabolic inhibitors of glycolysis such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and of the mitochondrial respiratory pathway, such as metformin, were evaluated as potential therapeutic agents against a panel of EWS cell lines in vitro . Results indicate that 2DG alone or in combination with metformin was effective at inducing cell death in EWS cell lines. The predominant mechanism of cell death appears to be through stimulating apoptosis leading into necrosis with concomitant activation of AMPK-α. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the use of metabolic modulators can target putative EWS stem cells, both in vitro and in vivo , and potentially overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in EWS. Based on these data, clinical strategies using drugs targeting tumor cell metabolism present a viable therapeutic modality against EWS.
Evaluating unintentional islanding risks for a high penetration PV feeder

The continued adoption of DGs is quickly altering the composition of distribution systems (DSs). As the penetration and saturation of these new distributed generators (DGs) escalate, new challenges in the planning and operations of DSs are arising. At current penetration level, DGs represent a rare or minimal threat to the stable DS operation. However, in a fully mature marketplace in the future, high saturation of DG can create the need for more diligent review and analysis. Commonly-used software applications in utility industry are not capable of analyzing the challenges, especially those requiring time-based analysis. This paper presents a simulation platform which enables utilities to evaluate the risk of unintentional islanding of interconnected DGs. The platform uses available data from utilities' existing database to generate an accurate model of DS and calculates the run-on time of interconnected DGs after the loss-of-main grid. Results of a real case study shows the accuracy and functionality of the platform. The developed platform can be used by the utilities' engineers to facilitate the interconnection of DGs.
Networked microgrid stability through distributed formal analysis

Abstract A scalable distributed formal analysis (DFA) via reachable set computation is presented to efficiently evaluate the stability of networked microgrids under disturbances induced by distributed energy resources (DERs). With mathematical rigor, DFA can efficiently compute the boundaries of all possible dynamics in a distributed way, which are unattainable via traditional time-domain simulations or direct methods. A distributed quasi-diagonalized Gersgorin (DQG) theory is then combined with DFA to identify systems’ stability margins. A microgrid-oriented decomposition approach is established to decouple a networked microgrid system and enable calculations of DFA and DQG while also preserving the privacy of each subsystem. Numerical tests on a networked microgrid system validate that DFA and DQG facilitate the efficient calculation and analysis of networked microgrids’ stability.
Creatine Kinase, Amylase, and Parathyroid Hormone in Stable CAPD and Hemodialysis Patients

Since there are conflicting reports on elevation of plasma creatine kinase and amylase above normal in dialysis patients we studied total and isoenzyme fractions of creatine kinase and amylase. In addition since hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis are associated we also studied plasma-n-terminal parathyroid hormone levels. Studies were performed in 35 stable CAPD patients, and creatine kinase alone was studied in 11 stable hemodialysis patients. Total creatine kinase was elevated in nine of 35 CAPD patients (25.7%); elevated isoenzyme fractions of CK were as follows: nine of nine patients had elevated MM band, one of nine had elevated MB and one of nine had elevated BB band. In the hemodialysis patients two of 11 had elevated CK (MM bands). Total amylase was elevated in 17 of 26 CAPD patients with ten of these patients having an elevated pancreatic isoenzyme fraction; in six of 17, the salivary isoenzyme fraction equalled the pancreatic enzyme fraction in one patient. Parathyroid hormone was elevated in 24 of 35 CAPD patients, but no correlation existed between parathyroid hormone levels, creatine kinase and amylase, although there was a significant correlation between creatine kinase and amylase levels in CAPD patients (r = 0.4, n = 23, p < 0.05). These findings suggest a common etiology for elevated creatine and amylase in otherwise stable CAPD patients such as inadequate dialysis, subclinical skeletal myopathy, or metabolic complications. These findings warrant further study.
Accounting for Creativity Within a Psychologically Realistic Cognitive Architecture

Creativity research, computational or otherwise, can benefit from a detailed understanding of human creative problem solving. The psychological processes of human creative problem solving have been tackled using computational modeling and simulation based on the CLARION cognitive architecture. CLARION, in general, attempts to provide a unified explanation of a wide range of psychological phenomena using five basic principles. By using these CLARION principles, the Explicit-Implicit Interaction (EII) theory of creative problem solving was derived, which provides a unified framework for understanding creative problem solving. A list of phenomena that can be accounted for by the EII theory and simulated using the CLARION cognitive architecture is presented. This work represents a step in the development of unified process-based theories of creativity encompassing incubation, insight, and various other related phenomena. Beyond EII, the roles of motivation, personality, emotion, and social interaction in creativity may also be explored using CLARION.
Ontogeny of corneal epithelial tight junctions : stratal locale of biosynthetic activities

PURPOSE: On reaching the surface position, corneal epithelial cells assemble a tight paracellular barrier rapidly. The purpose of this study was to identify at what maturation stage the cells acquire biochemical elements underpinning this ability. METHODS: Rabbit corneas were subjected to a digitonin-exposure protocol that results in the devitalization and desquamation of the three outermost cell layers of the 5-6-layer thick epithelium and thus, exposes winglike cells to the tear surface. Corneas were then mounted in Ussing-type chambers to measure transepithelial resistance and solute fluxes. RESULTS: After the devitalization treatment transepithelial resistance remained near baseline for 2 hours and then rose to 8.24 +/- 3.12 K omega.cm2 (+/- SD, n = 15) during the next 8 hours. This increase was matched by increases in the resistance to the paracellular flow of mannitol. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed de novo formation of tight junctions over this time span in the new surface. The addition of transcription (actinomycin D; alpha-amanitin), translation (cycloheximide), core glycosylation (tunicamycin), and endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi traffic (brefeldin A) inhibitors immediately after the devitalization protocol prevented the transepithelial resistance raise. Introducing time delays between the cell devitalization and the addition of these biosynthesis inhibitors reduced their effect; a time delay of 90 minutes abolished the inhibition by alpha-amanitin. CONCLUSION: Devitalization of overlying cells induces the assembly of a tight paracellular barrier in the wing cells. The process requires and includes the synthesis of essential transcripts and proteins that were initially absent in these cells. In vivo, the synthesis of these elements must occur as cells reach the squamous stage of maturation.
Creation of bladder tissue in vitro and in vivo: A system for organ replacement

The bladder is exposed to a variety of possible injuries from the time the fetus develops. Aside from congenital abnormalities, individuals may also suffer from other disorders such as cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, iatrogenic injuries or other conditions which may lead to bladder damage or loss, requiring eventual reconstruction.
Early expansion of donor-specific Tregs in tolerant kidney transplant recipients

Allograft tolerance, in which a graft is accepted without long-term immunosuppression, could overcome numerous obstacles in transplantation. Human allograft tolerance has been intentionally induced across HLA barriers via combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT) with a regimen that induces only transient chimerism. Tregs are enriched early after CKBMT. While deletional tolerance contributes to long-term tolerance, the role of Tregs remains unclear. We have optimized a method for identifying the donor-specific Treg repertoire and used it to interrogate the fate of donor-specific Tregs after CKBMT. We expanded Tregs with several different protocols. Using functional analyses and T cell receptor sequencing, we found that expanding sorted Tregs with activated donor B cells identified the broadest Treg repertoire with the greatest potency and donor specificity of suppression. This method outperformed both alloantigen stimulation with CTLA4Ig and sequencing of CFSElo cells from the primary mixed lymphocyte reaction. In 3 tolerant and 1 nontolerant CKBMT recipients, we sequenced donor-specific Tregs before transplant and tracked them after transplant. Preexisting donor-specific Tregs were expanded at 6 months after CKBMT in tolerant patients and were reduced in the nontolerant patient. These results suggest that early expansion of donor-specific Tregs is involved in tolerance induction following CKBMT.
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Adults with Tetralogy of Fallot.

Patient with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) sometimes require cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) for tachy/bradyarrhythmias. There are no population-based studies of CIED-related outcomes in the adult TOF population. We reviewed the Nationwide/National Inpatient Sample to determine trends in CIED-related admissions in adults with TOF repair. This is a retrospective review of the Nationwide/National Inpatient Sample database from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2014. There were 18,353 admissions in adults with TOF diagnosis, and of these, CIED were implanted in 792 (4.3%) admissions (CIED-related admissions). Of these 792 CIED-related admissions, pacemakers were implanted in 242 (30.7%) yielding an incidence of 1.3% and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were implanted in 550 (69.4%) yielding an incidence of 3.0%. In-hospital mortality occurred in 14 (1.8%) of the CIED-related admissions. The mean hospital length of stay was 7.7 ± 1.3 days and inflation-adjusted hospitalization cost was $141,860 ± $127,516. In 5-year intervals (2000 to 2004, 2005 to 2009, and 2010 to 2014), there was a temporal increase in the incidence of CIED-related admissions (3.7% vs 4.4% vs 4.9%, p = 0.006). There was a similar trend in the age at the time of implantation (37.7 ± 14.2 vs 38.2 ± 13.1 vs 39.0 ± 14.5 years, p
Impact of graphene nanoplatelet concentration and film thickness on vapor detection for polymer based chemiresistive sensors

Abstract Chemiresistive gas sensors utilizing graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-polymer film coated electrodes have great promise for electronic nose applications. In this study GNP-polycaprolactone (PCL) based sensors fabricated using airbrush deposition are exposed to ethanol as an example target analyte to investigate ideal parameters for sensing performance maximization. The ratio of GNP to PCL was investigated from 3 to 21 wt% with sensing response maximized at 15 wt% and signal to noise ratio (SNR) maximized at 18 wt%. The effect of average coating thickness on the sensing performance was investigated by depositing 50–250 μL of 18 wt% GNP solution (852–2030 nm). The response was maximized at 150 μL (1370 nm) and the SNR was maximized at 200 μL (1680 nm). The results are consistent with previous studies of vapor sensors that employ carbon black-polymer films as sensing materials. The fabricated devices were robust and repeatable with respect to initial resistance, depth, roughness, sensor response, and SNR. Overall the results elucidate important parameters for fabrication and development of GNP-polymer gas sensors for detection and discrimination of target analytes with electronic nose systems.
Temporal and Spatial Effects and Survival Outcomes Associated with Concordance between Tissue and Blood KRAS Alterations in the Pan‐Cancer Setting

We investigated the impact of time interval, primary vs. metastatic biopsy site, variant allele fraction (VAF) and histology on concordance of KRAS alterations in tissue vs. circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and association of concordance with survival. Blood and tissue were evaluated by next-generation sequencing in 433 patients with diverse cancers. Altogether, 101 patients (23.3%) had KRAS alterations: 56, ctDNA (12.9%); 81, tissue (18.7%); and 36, both (8.3%). The overall blood and tissue concordance rate for KRAS alterations was 85%, but was mainly driven by the large negative/negative subset. Therefore, specificity of one test for the other was high (88.1-94.3%), while sensitivity was not high (44.4-64.3%) and was lower still in patients with >6 vs. ≤2 months between blood and tissue sampling (31.0-40.9% vs. 51.2-84.0%; p = 0.14 time interval-dependent sensitivity of blood for tissue; p = 0.003, tissue for blood). Positive concordance rate for KRAS alterations was 57.1% vs. 27.4% (colorectal vs. noncolorectal cancer; p = 0.01), but site of biopsy (primary vs. metastatic) and VAF (%ctDNA) was not impactful. The presence of KRAS alterations in both tests was independently associated with shorter survival from diagnosis (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.86) and from recurrent/metastatic disease (1.70; 1.03-2.81). Positive concordance of KRAS alterations between ctDNA and tissue was negatively affected by a longer time period between blood and tissue sampling and was higher in colorectal cancer than in other malignancies. The presence of KRAS alterations in both tests was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival.
PET-CT in neuroradiology:

Positron emission tomography (PET) has a long history in the assessment of brain physiology and pathology; however, its initial use was limited to more academic and scientific settings. This changed radically with the clinical introduction of PET– computed tomography (PET-CT). PET-CT has become an integral part of the radiological armamentarium, especially in the assessment of patients with oncological or cardiovascular disorders. It has until now not found a clear role in neuroradiology. Indeed, magnetic resonance techniques have proven superior for the investigation of brain tumors and inflammatory diseases. However, some newer applications are emerging that can re-center PET-CT clearly in the neuroradiological world such as the investigation of vascular diseases.
Phase 2 Trial of Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Concurrent With Fixed-Dose Rate-Gemcitabine in Patients With Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Purpose Preoperative therapy in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) is intended to increase R0 resection rates. An optimal approach in BRPC is yet to be defined. Methods and Materials Patients with BRPC, confirmed adenocarcinoma, performance status ≤1, and adequate organ function enrolled in a single-institution, phase 2 trial. Patients received FOLFIRINOX × 6 cycles, then radiation therapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions) concurrent with fixed-dose rate gemcitabine (1 g/m2 over 100 minutes) followed by 2 additional gemcitabine infusions. Computed tomography scans were performed at 2-month intervals during treatment. Patients without distant disease were offered surgical exploration. The primary objective was R0 resection rate with an alternate hypothesis of 55%. Secondary objectives included median progression-free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), response rate, and safety. The trial registration number is NCT01661088. Results Twenty-five patients with median age of 60 years (range, 47-77 years) enrolled from November 2011 through January 2017. Twenty-one (84%) completed FOLFIRINOX and 19 (76%) completed all protocol therapy. Treatment-related grade 3 to 4 toxicities included neutropenia (40%), nausea and vomiting (28%), diarrhea (16%), and fatigue (12%). Eighteen patients (72%) underwent laparotomy, 13 (52%) were resected (all R0). The median PFS and OS in 25 patients were 13.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3-24.7) and 24.4 months (95% CI, 12.6-40.0), respectively. For resected patients, median PFS was 21.6 months (95% CI, 8.2-37.1) and OS was 37.1 months (95% CI, 15.4–not reached). Conclusions Neoadjuvant therapy with FOLFIRINOX, followed by intensity modulated radiation therapy concurrent with fixed-dose-rate gemcitabine in BRPC is feasible and tolerated. Although the alternate hypothesis was not met, the OS of the resected cohort was favorable.
How and when to use clozapine

Objective Clozapine is the only approved strategy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, although it is highly underutilized. We aim to generate practical and actionable evidence-based recommendations for the use of this drug considering prescription barriers. Method Narrative review. Results A consistent body of evidence supports the efficacy of clozapine reducing morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia. The main obstacles to its use are the lack of experience by prescribers and perceived treatment burden. Systematic screening of eligibility, utilization of available resources for consultation, developing a professional network with other stakeholders, as well as optimizing how clozapine is presented to patients is discussed. Furthermore, specific evidence-based recommendations for initiation, maintenance, and safety monitoring with clozapine are provided. Conclusion Clozapine prescription is one of the areas in psychiatry with the greatest mismatch between efficacy and utilization in clinical practice. Although multiple barriers to the use of clozapine exist, some of these may be overcome by updates of routine clinical practice.
Heterologous viral protein interactions within licensed seasonal influenza virus vaccines.

Currently, licensed influenza virus vaccines are designed and tested only for their ability to elicit hemagglutinin (HA)-reactive, neutralizing antibodies. Despite this, the purification process in vaccine manufacturing often does not completely remove other virion components. In the studies reported here, we have examined the viral protein composition of a panel of licensed vaccines from different manufacturers and licensed in different years. Using western blotting, we found that, beyond HA proteins, there are detectable quantities of neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix proteins (M1) from both influenza A and influenza B viruses in the vaccines but that the composition differed by source and method of vaccine preparation. We also found that disparities in viral protein composition were associated with distinct patterns of elicited antibody specificities. Strikingly, our studies also revealed that many viral proteins contained in the vaccine form heterologous complexes. When H1 proteins were isolated by immunoprecipitation, NA (N1), M1 (M1-A), H3, and HA-B proteins were co-isolated with the H1. Further biochemical studies suggest that these interactions persist for at least 4 h at 37 °C and that the membrane/intracytoplasmic domains in the intact HA proteins are important for the intermolecular interactions detected. These studies indicate that, if such interactions persist after vaccines reach the draining lymph node, both dendritic cells and HA-specific B cells may take up multiple viral proteins simultaneously. Whether these interactions are beneficial or harmful to the developing immune response will depend on the functional potential of the elicited virus-specific CD4 T cells.