cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A stable diazo photoaffinity label with high absorptivity and effective photoactivation beyond 300 nm.

Abstract The sulfosuccinimidyl active ester of 3-(3-carbethoxy-4-diazo-5-oxo-2-pyrrolin-1-yl)propanoic acid (DIAZOPY-SE) has been synthesized for use as a photoaffinity labeling reagent. This compound was obtained from commercial chemicals by a four-step synthesis requiring no complex procedures or special apparatus. The active ester efficiently derivatizes protein amino groups with the chromophore 3-carbethoxy-4-diazo-5-oxo-2-pyrroline (DIAZOPY, ϵ 8800 m −1 cm −1 at λ max 330 nm), which on irradiation yielded products expected from formation of a reactive carbene intermediate. Brief irradiation of DIAZOPY in 2-propanol using wavelengths >300 nm for photolysis yielded mainly an isopropyl ether resulting from insertion of the carbene into the OH bond of the alcohol. Formed concurrently and to a somewhat lesser extent was an isopropyl ester, resulting from a ring-contracting Wolff rearrangement of the carbene and subsequent reaction with isopropanol. Analogous products were produced by photolysis in 2-propanol of DIAZOPY-PA (for DIAZOPY propanoic acid), the carboxylic acid precursor of DIAZOPY-SE. Facile protein derivatization by DIAZOPY-SE was demonstrated using actin and sheep IgG. Actin labeled with DIAZOPY-SE and irradiated while in the F-actin (reversibly polymerized) form was crosslinked to yield a covalently-linked dimer, illustrating the potential of the reagent in photoaffinity applications. Advantages of DIAZOPY-SE as a photoaffinity labeling reagent include ease of synthesis, chemical and photostability, efficient photolysis at wavelengths >300 nm, and a capacity for crosslinking by carbene insertion processes.
Flexible-body dynamics modeling of a vehicle moving on the rails of a structure

The problem of dynamics modeling of a flexible structure that moves on the surface of another flexible structure is nominally beyond the scope of available commercial codes, and is addressed in the published literature only in a limited sense. The dynamics of the system comprising the space station and the moving mobile transporter, mated to the orbiter or to the payload-carrying robotic arm, offers related challenges. A novel analytical approach is presented that can be used to study the dynamics behavior of such time-variant structural systems as the mobile transporter during space station operation and/or assembly. The approach developed herein is based on the formation of a linear transformation that expressses displacement compatibility at the time-variant interface domain of two flexible bodies. The methodology is readily applicable to large structural systems. The required inputs that characterize the structural system constitute readily available finite-element data. A model reduction scheme is developed wherein component modes of the parent linear-time-invariant problem are employed. Numerical results are provided.
Mechanics of fluid-activated, clustered satellite bellows

A bellows, or a closed thin-walled elastic tube with corrugated walls, undergoes longitudinal extension when subjected to internal fluid pressure. Investigated herein is the mechanical behavior of several pressurized bellows in clusters, which are designed to bend and twist as well as to extend and compress longitudinally. Bellows in clusters can be employed as robotic limbs, such as manipulator arms and legs for walking machines. For limb bending, analysis shows that there is an optimal geometry for satellite bellows, or a set of identical bellows clustered longitudinally about a central core. For limb torsion, the bellows are clustered in a cylindrical helix whose angle is chosen to produce the desired load–displacement relationships, for instance the highest rotation for a given torque. For both bending and torsional limbs, experimental results are included that exhibit the predicted mechanical behavior.
Hotspots, mantle convection and plate tectonics: A synthetic calculation

A model is developed that unifies vigorous hotspots with global-scale mantle convection and plate tectonics. The convection dynamics are assumed to generate flow patterns that emerge as closely packed polygonal cells in approaching the asthenosphere, and whose geometry is completely determined by a defining set of vigorous hotspots. Overlying viscously coupled rigid plates are driven with unique velocities (Euler vectors) at which the area integral of the shear forces is zero; these velocities are dynamically stable. The computed plate velocities, resulting from convection based on 15 hotspots, are compared with the velocities of plate motion models AM1-2 (Minster andJordan, 1978) and HS-NUVEL1 (Gripp andGordon, 1990), which combine transform fault geometries, magnetic anomalies and seismic data. The comparison shows a striking agreement for a majority of the plates. Geophysical implications of this numerical exercise are discussed.
Centrality dependence of the charged particle multiplicity near mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ (NN) = 130-GeV and 200-GeV

The PHOBOS experiment has measured the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV as a function of the collision centrality. Results on dN/deta(eta , are presented as a function of . As was found from similar data at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV, the data can be equally well described by parton saturation models and two-component fits which include contributions that scale as Npart and the number of binary collisions, Ncoll. We compare the data at the two energies by means of the ratio R(200/130) of the charged particle multiplicity for the two different energies as a function of . For events with >100$, we find that this ratio is consistent with a constant value of 1.14+-0.01(stat.)+-0.05(syst.).
Decoherence Dynamics in Low-Dimensional Cold Atom Interferometers

We report on a study of the dynamics of decoherence of a matter-wave interferometer, consisting of a pair of low-dimensional cold atom condensates at finite temperature. We identify two distinct regimes in the time dependence of the coherence factor of the interferometer: quantum and classical. Explicit analytical results are obtained in both regimes. In particular, in the two-dimensional case in the classical (long time) regime, we find that the dynamics of decoherence is universal, exhibiting a power-law decay with an exponent, proportional to the ratio of the temperature to the Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature of a single 2D condensate. In the one-dimensional case in the classical regime we find a universal nonanalytic time dependence of decoherence, which is a consequence of the nonhydrodynamic nature of damping in 1D liquids.
400) Theranostics nanoemulsions as new tools for studying inflammation in chronic pain preclinical models

Inflammatory cells (e.g. macrophages) infiltrate the affected tissue in response to neuronal injury at varied levels. As the neuronal healing process progresses, inflammatory cells undergo profound activity and phenotypic changes. New methods to assess inflammatory cell phenotype and quantify in vivo aspects of the neuroinflammatory processes in neuronal injury are needed. Theranostic nanomedicine represents a new nanotechnology strategy where therapeutic and imaging agents are combined into a single nanosystem. Our group recently designed and developed novel perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions for treatment and imaging of inflammation (Patel et al, PLOS One 2013; Janjic et al, SPIE 2013, Patel et al, JBO 2013). These nanodroplets are designed to specifically accumulate in inflammatory cells (e.g. macrophages) and deliver anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, these novel nanoemulsions allow formonitoring of inflammation response to the drug using combination of F magnetic resonance and near-infrared imaging. In this report, we present in detail theranostic nanoemulsions development adapted for neuropathic chronic pain preclinical studies. Design, development and formulation strategies are presented. Nanoemulsions presented are in size range of 85-150 nm. They are highly stable under biologically relevant conditions, safe and biocompatible. They can deliver varied anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. celecoxib, curcumin, resveratrol, and others). In short term, the presented work will lead to unique biological nanoprobes for studying the effects of inflammation in neuronal injury and the role of inflammatory cells in prolonged and intractable neuropathic pain development. In long term, the proposed nanomedicine can serve as the basis for a novel approaches to both prevent and treat chronic neuropathic pain, where molecular imaging can help to individualize therapeutic treatment. We present design of novel theranostic nanoemulsions and offer a starting point for not fully unexplored area of research and we hope this example prompts others to utilize theranostic nanosystems in chronic pain research.
Wastewater use in algae production for generation of renewable resources: a review and preliminary results

Microalgae feedstock production can be integrated with wastewater and industrial sources of carbon dioxide. This study reviews the literature on algae grown on wastewater and includes a preliminary analysis of algal production based on anaerobic digestion sludge centrate from the Howard F. Curren Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (HFC AWTP) in Tampa, Florida and secondary effluent from the City of Lakeland wastewater treatment facilities in Lakeland, Florida. It was demonstrated that a mixed culture of wild algae species could successfully be grown on wastewater nutrients and potentially scaled to commercial production. Algae have demonstrated the ability to naturally colonize low-nutrient effluent water in a wetland treatment system utilized by the City of Lakeland. The results from these experiments show that the algae grown in high strength wastewater from the HFC AWTP are light-limited when cultivated indoor since more than 50% of the outdoor illumination is attenuated in the greenhouse. An analysis was performed to determine the mass of algae that can be supported by the wastewater nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorous) available from the two Florida cities. The study was guided by the growth and productivity data obtained for algal growth in the photobioreactors in operation at the University of South Florida. In the analysis, nutrients and light are assumed to be limited, while CO2 is abundantly available. There is some limitation on land, especially since the HFC AWTP is located at the Port of Tampa. The temperature range in Tampa is assumed to be suitable for algal growth year round. Assuming that the numerous technical challenges to achieving commercial-scale algal production can be met, the results presented suggest that an excess of 71 metric tons per hectare per year of algal biomass can be produced. Two energy production options were considered; liquid biofuels from feedstock with high lipid content, and biogas generation from anaerobic digestion of algae biomass. The total potential oil volume was determined to be approximately 337,500 gallons per year, which may result in the annual production of 270,000 gallons of biodiesel when 80% conversion efficiency is assumed. This production level would be able to sustain approximately 450 cars per year on average. Potential biogas production was estimated to be above 415,000 kg/yr, the equivalent of powering close to 500 homes for a year.
Utility of a Clinical Risk Factor Scoring Model in Predicting Infection with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae on Hospital Admission

Objective. To validate the utility of a previously published scoring model (Italian) to identify patients infected with community-onset extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EKP) and develop a new model (Duke) based on local epidemiology.Methods. This case-control study included patients 18 years of age or more admitted to Duke University Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010, with culture-confirmed infection due to an ESBL-EKP (cases). Uninfected controls were matched to cases (3∶1). The Italian model was applied to our patient population for validation. The Duke model was developed through logistic-regression-based prediction scores calculated on variables independently associated with ESBL-EKP isolation. Sensitivities and specificities at various point cutoffs were determined, and determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) was performed.Results. A total of 123 cases and 375 controls were identified. Adjusted odds ra...
Exploring the performance and mapping of HPC applications to platforms in the cloud

This paper presents a scheme to optimize the mapping of HPC applications to a set of hybrid dedicated and cloud resources. First, we characterize application performance on dedicated clusters and cloud to obtain application signatures. Then, we propose an algorithm to match these signatures to resources such that performance is maximized and cost is minimized. Finally, we show simulation results revealing that in a concrete scenario our proposed scheme reduces the cost by 60% at only 10-15% performance penalty vs. a non optimized configuration. We also find that the execution overhead in cloud can be minimized to a negligible level using thin hypervisors or OS-level containers.
0.13- $\mu$ m CMOS Phase Shifters for X-, K u -, and K-Band Phased Arrays

Two 4-bit active phase shifters integrated with all digital control circuitry in 0.13-mum RF CMOS technology are developed for X- and Ku-band (8-18 GHz) and K-band (18-26 GHz) phased arrays, respectively. The active digital phase shifters synthesize the required phase using a phase interpolation process by adding quadrature-phased input signals. The designs are based on a resonance-based quadrature all-pass filter for quadrature signaling with minimum loss and wide operation bandwidth. Both phase shifters can change phases with less than about 2 dB of RMS amplitude imbalance for all phase states through an associated DAC control. For the X- and Ku-band phase shifter, the RMS phase error is less than 10o over the entire 5-18 GHz range. The average insertion loss ranges from to at 5-20 GHz. The input for all 4-bit phase states is typically at -5.4 plusmn1.3 GHz in the X- and Ku-band phase shifter. The K-band phase shifter exhibits 6.5-13 of RMS phase error at 15-26 GHz. The average insertion loss is from 4.6 to at 15-26 GHz. The input of the K-band phase shifter is at 24 GHz. For both phase shifters, the core size excluding all the pads and the output 50 Omega matching circuits, inserted for measurement purpose only, is very small, 0.33times0.43 mm2 . The total current consumption is 5.8 mA in the X- and Ku-band phase shifter and 7.8 mA in the K-band phase shifter, from a 1.5 V supply voltage.
Design of a high-performance unsteady Naiver-Stokes solver using a flexible-cycle additive-correction multigrid technique

A multigrid technique, based on a flexible-cycle additive-correction multigrid (FCAC-MG) scheme, is utilized to design a high-performance solver for the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The unsteady incompressible N-S solver discussed here incorporates the fractional step method and finite volume discretization over a staggered Cartesian grid. The current research indicates that the FCAC-MG acceleration technique is highly efficient, reliable and robust, which makes it feasible for CPU-intensive computations, such as large eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS). The high efficiency and the robustness of the solver are achieved through developing the FCAC-MG acceleration technique as well as flow-physics oriented solving strategies. The flow solver based on the FCAC-MG technique is applied to both temporal and spatial turbulence simulations using both LES and DNS. The residuals of the large-scale algebraic equation system are guaranteed to be continuously driven down to the level of the computer machine round-off error on each time marching step, which warrants strong conservations of mass and momentum satisfied over all the control volumes. In addition, the flow solver developed in the current research possesses the potential capability for handling complex geometry flows since the performance of the solver does not rely on the use of special type of operations on the large-scale algebraic equation system, unlike the cyclic reduction algorithm, but instead it is driven by a flow-physics oriented solving strategy. LES for flows in a square duct, a square annular duct and a confined square coaxial jet are performed to present the advantages of the FCAC-MG technique and the flow-physics oriented solving strategy. The analyses of the simulation results for these three flow configurations provide strong evidence that the flow solver based on FCAC-MG method is capable of capturing the major characteristics of turbulence physics and correctly predicting the relevant turbulent flow phenomena.
Polarization field engineering with Type-II InGaN-GaNAs quantum well for improved nitride gain media at 420–550 nm

Novel type-II InGaN-GaNAs quantum well is presented and analyzed as improved gain media for efficient light emitting diodes and laser diodes emitting at 420-nm up to 550-nm, with a large electronhole wavefunction overlap (Gammae_hh >65-70%).
Chain internal/chain end latent crosslinking in thermoset polymer systems

The combination of both chain-internal/chain-end latent crosslinking in a single thermoset polymer system is the subject of this study. A series of linear carbosiloxane/hydrocarbon homopolymers were synthesized by metathesis polycondensation, polymers which serve as the soft phase in the target chain-internal/chain-end latent crosslinked materials. These carbosiloxane/hydrocarbon "soft phase" homopolymers exhibited excellent performance parameters, displaying purely amorphous character with glass transition temperatures ranging between ―104 °C and ―90 °C depending on the run length of siloxane or hydrocarbon methylene units within the carbosi-loxane/hydrocarbon monomer. These soft phase monomers were then copolymerized with latent chain-internal crosslinking carbosilane monomers in the presence of latent chain-end crosslinking molecules thereby generating a new class linear copolymers capable of being moisture cured to produce a new class of silicon-based thermoset systems. Mechanical properties of these thermosets, show breaking strengths up to 0.5 MPa and elongations up to 100%. Both elastic and plastic behavior can be observed in such systems, depending upon the molar ratio of carbosiloxane/hydrocarbon co-monomer and the carbosilane co-monomer.
Extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center: A survey of patient attitudes and opinions

Abstract Statement of problem. Measures of satisfaction after extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation have been sparsely reported. Purpose. This article reviews the care-related opinions of patients who were provided extraoral prostheses at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center over the course of 10 years. Material and methods. A questionnaire was delivered to 263 extraoral prosthetic patients to elucidate their degree of satisfaction with several parameters, including prosthetic use, care, quality, durability, longevity, and cost. In addition, issues relating to self-image, socialization frequency, and income-earning ability before and after rehabilitation were surveyed. Results. The views of 76 respondents demonstrated a general satisfaction with their prostheses. A majority believed that their prostheses fit comfortably, and most were satisfied with cosmesis. In addition, a preponderance of respondents reported no substantial alteration in social activity after rehabilitation. Although the number of respondents relying on their own employment fell by more than 50% after rehabilitation, nearly all reported a relatively static income before and after rehabilitation. Conclusion. The survey revealed a high degree of patient satisfaction with extraoral maxillofacial prostheses. Nevertheless, areas of potential improvement were not lost on the survey's population. The patients desired prostheses that last longer and have improved color stability. An interest in improved retentive mechanisms was mentioned by several patients, and only about half of the respondents perceived prosthetic cost to be completely reasonable. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:608-13.)
Ion transport during hypothermia in cultured heart cells: implications for protection of the immature myocardium.

Abstract In non-adult hearts, hypothermia influences protection of the myocardium by exerting effects on specific ion transporters, thereby altering the normal balance between ion pumps and ion leaks. We studied the effects of hypothermia on individual ion transporters in cardiac myocytes to better understand how to preserve the normal ion balance at reduced temperatures, and thereby enhance myocardial protection. Cardiocytes obtained from 11 day chick embryos were cultured for 3 days, and then equilibrated in a glucose containing HEPES-TRIS buffered salt solution at 37°C (pH = 7.4). The cells were incubated at 10 ± 2°C for 5 to 360 min in the absence or presence of specific ion transport inhibitors, and ion contents were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Intracellular Na content increased from approximately 90 nmol/mg protein (control) to 2-3 times this value within 30 min, and then returned to control levels by 60 min. This increase in Na was accompanied by a small rise in total Ca (1.5 times control). Acidotic pH (6.4) and/or ethylisopropyl amiloride (100 μM), but not bumetanide (100 μM) prevented the rise in Na content, suggesting the Na/H exchanger contributed to the initial Na influx. Ouabain (1 mM), exacerbated the Na rise and prevented its recovery to control values at 10°C, although Rb flux measurements revealed only a low level of Na/K ATPase activity throughout 240 min at 10°C (15% of 37°C activity). Calcium content rose to 10 times control values in the presence of ouabain at 37°C only, consistent with a lack of significant Na/Ca exchange activity during hypothermia. In conclusion, the effects of hypothermia on ion pumps and ion leaks in embryonic heart cells are as follows: (1) a low level of Na/K ATPase activity contributes significantly to ion regulation; (2) activity of the Na/H exchanger must be attenuated to minimize Na loading; (3) slowing of the Na/Ca exchanger may reduce Ca induced cell injury. We suggest that reducing Na/H exchange activity during hypothermia, using cardioplegic solutions with a slightly acidic pH or with added ethylisopropyl amiloride, may enhance the protective effects of hypothermia in non-adult hearts.
PERFORMANCE PAY IMPROVES ENGAGEMENT, PROGRESS, AND SATISFACTION IN COMPUTER‐BASED JOB SKILLS TRAINING OF LOW‐INCOME ADULTS

Advancing the education of low-income adults could increase employment and income, but adult education programs have not successfully engaged low-income adults. Monetary reinforcement may be effective in promoting progress in adult education. This experiment evaluated the benefits of providing incentives for performance in a job-skills training program for low-income, unemployed adults. Participants worked on typing and keypad programs for 7 months. Participants randomly assigned to Group A (n = 23) earned hourly and productivity pay on the typing program (productivity pay), but earned only equalized hourly pay on the keypad program (hourly pay). Group B (n = 19) participants had the opposite contingencies. Participants worked more on, advanced further on, and preferred their productivity pay program. These results show that monetary incentives can increase performance in a job-skills training program, and indicate that payment in adult education programs should be delivered contingent on performance in the training program instead of simply on attendance.
New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from New Zealand and adjacent regions

Seven new species of antipatharian corals are described from the territorial waters of New Zealand and adjacent regions. Differential diagnoses are given and comparisons are made to related nominal species. Described as new are: Antipathes leptocrada; Antipathes craticulata; Asteriopathes octocrada; Phanopathes zealandica; Tetrapathes latispina; Parantipathes dodecasticha; and Parantipathes robusta.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DCF9A2BD-63DE-4240-AA4E-0B8BE7E095F1
Factors Associated with Providers’ Perceptions of Mental Health Care in Santa Luzia’s Family Health Strategy, Brazil

Brazil has a unique mental health care system, characterized by universal coverage delivered by interdisciplinary teams both in the community and in specialized centros de atencao psicossocial (CAPS—psychosocial care centers). Provision of patient-centered mental health care is an important principle of Brazilian mental health care, but this topic has not been well-studied. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey of 151 community health workers (CHWs), nurses, and physicians in Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chi-squares, t-tests and multivariate regression analyses examined differences in socio-demographics, caseload, engagement in evidence-based practices (EBPs), and transdisciplinary collaboration between providers who reported providing high levels of patient-centered mental health care and those who did not. In multivariate regression models, components of transdisciplinary collaboration were significantly associated with providers’ perceptions of patient-centered mental health care (p < 0.05). CHWs were also significantly more likely to report providing patient-centered care than physicians and nurses. EBP engagement and sociodemographics were not associated with perceptions. Results suggest that training efforts to improve patient-centered mental health care in Brazil could build upon CHWs’ skills and focus on transdisciplinary collaboration. Findings may inform practice in other countries with similar health care systems.
Correlation between Gene Variants, Signaling Pathways, and Efficacy of Chemotherapy Drugs against Colon Cancers.

Efficacies, toxicities, and resistance mechanisms of chemotherapy drugs, such as oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), vary widely among various categories and subcategories of colon cancers. By understanding the differences in the drug efficacy and resistance at the level of protein–protein networks, we identified the correlation between the drug activity of oxaliplatin/5-FU and gene variations from the US National Cancer Institute-60 human cancer cell lines. The activity of either of these drugs is correlated with specific amino acid variant(s) of KRAS and other genes from the signaling pathways of colon cancer progression. We also discovered that the activity of a non-DNA-binding novel platinum drug, phosphaplatin, is comparable with oxaliplatin and 5-FU when it was tested against colon cancer cell lines. Our strategy that combines the knowledge from pharmacogenomics across cell lines with the molecular information from specific cancer cells is beneficial for predicting the outcome of a possible combination therapy for personalized treatment.
Basic coaxial mass driver construction and testing

A basic coaxial mass driver has been constructed by a group of students to verify performance predictions in the acceleration range envisaged for the first lunar device. The bucket is guided by four copper tubes which also supply direct current excitation for its single aluminum coil, and is accelerated by twenty coaxial coils along a 2 m track, followed by a deceleration section. The coils are individually energized by electrolytic photoflash capacitors triggered by solid state switches on the basis of bucket position.
An Analysis of Alternative Causal Models of Salesperson Role Perceptions and Work-Related Attitudes:

Data from a salesforce of a national industrial manufacturer were used to test relationships among leadership, role conflict and ambiguity, job satisfaction, and job anxiety. Two alternative models were evaluated. One model proposes that job anxiety leads to dissatisfaction and the other that job anxiety is a consequence of dissatisfaction. Results reveal a converged theoretical model. A need for further theorizing on causal relationships among various satisfaction facets and role variables is apparent. Contrary to previous research findings, no causal linkages are found between job anxiety and satisfaction.
Implementation of Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO)

TEMPO, the first NASA Earth Venture Instrument, will be launched in 2019-2020 to measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from a geostationary orbit. Using UV and visible spectroscopy, TEMPO will measure hourly at ~10 km2 resolution.
Framing homosexual identities in Cameroonian literature

What language exists to describe the lives of women and sexual minorities who live in Cameroon? In this paper, I demonstrate how a selection of contemporary works of fiction use their narratives to create a space and language for the experiences of LGBT individuals within the cultural imaginary of Sub-Saharan Africa. Texts such as my own Jeune fille de Bona Mbella (2010), Max Lobe’s 39 Rue de Berne (2013) and Chimamanda Adichie’s “Jumping Monkey Hill” describe the personal lives of both women and sexual minorities, and show how their experiences are intertwined with socio-political realities. I give close attention to the stories’ different possible meanings, and place them in their socio-historical contexts in order to make an important intervention into the literary history of Cameroon: LGBT work must be included in our discussions of contemporary Cameroonian cultural production. It is part of our modernity.
Motion Control Research based on the Servo System

This article in view of the servo system motion control technology development and the present situation of a brief analysis of research,this paper introduces two ways of the AC servo control.At the same time for the future development of the movement control system presented their views,this paper introduces based on PC and network the servo motion control.
Production Technique and Material of Pulping Blade for Disk Pulping Machine

The pr oduction process and material of the pulping blades was discussed.Some pulping blades used in some Chinese and foreign paper mills were investigated and anal yzed that would be a guide for Chinese paper mills.
Study on the Inhibitive Effects of CIITA Ribozyme on Hepatocytes MHC II Molecules Expression

Objective: To study the inhibitive effects of MHC class Ⅱ transactivator CⅡTA ribozyme on hepatocytes MHC Ⅱ molecules expression. Methods: Ribozyme which aimed at CⅡTA 134,218 and 464 sites served as Rz134,Rz218,Rz464 respectively and CⅡTA target gene were designed and cloned. They were inserted in the pGEM-T vector respectively, and were undergone extracellular incision activity screening. Rz464 which had obvious incision effect was sub-cloned into the pIRES2-EGFP vector pIRES2-EGFP-Rz464, pRz464 for intracellular incision analyses. Hepatocytes were stably transfected by pRz464, classical MHC Ⅱ HLA-DR,-DP,-DQ antigen expression were detected by flow cytometer, and mRNA level of CⅡTA was measured by RT-PCR. Results: The expressions of HLA-DR,-DP, and-DQ on pRz464 positive hepatocytes were 1.01 ± 0.51%,4.37 ± 1.28%, and 1.98 ± 0.42% respectively, and were down-modulated by 90.65%, 89.11%, 65.32% respectively compared with that in control group. The mRNA content of CⅡTA decreased significantly P 0.01. Conclusion: Anti-CⅡTA ribozyme Rz464 decreases mRNA content of CⅡTA and inhibits the expression of MHC Ⅱ molecules regulated by CⅡTA.
On the Group of Automorphisms of a Group

AbstractThis note gives a generalization of the classical result asserting that if the center of a group G is trivial, then so is the center of its automorphism group Aut(G).
Adenosine in Acute Theophylline Intoxication

Although it appears that adenosine would be theoretically useful in the emergent therapy of theophylline toxicity, published clinical data supporting the efficacy and safety of using adenosine for such a situation are currently lacking. The use of adenosine also is not without some risk. In addition, the use of adenosine infusions can be relatively expensive. Until more clinical evidence can be obtained, the routine use of adenosine in the treatment of acute theophylline ingestion cannot be recommended.
Transurethral Prostatic Resection with Suprapubic Trocar Technique

AbstractThe use of a suprapubic trocar in transurethral prostatic resection was evaluated between 1975 and 1982. Of 884 transurethral prostatic resections performed 577 were done using the trocar, and 307 using the conventional filling and emptying technique. There was no difference in operative time when resecting small glands. All large glands (more than 30gm.) were resected using the trocar technique. Severe cases of the so-called transurethral resection syndrome have been eliminated completely by this procedure. The blood loss was slightly higher when the trocar technique was used, probably because of the low pressure in the prostatic fossa during resection. We recommend the trocar in transurethral prostatic resection, since it facilitates the procedure by allowing uninterrupted resection, keeps the bladder pressure low and, thereby, minimizing the amount of absorbed irrigating fluid, and has practically no complications.
Nondestructive measurement of esophageal biaxial mechanical properties utilizing sonometry

Malignant esophageal pathology typically requires resection of the esophagus and reconstruction to restore foregut continuity. Reconstruction options are limited and morbid. The esophagus represents a useful target for tissue engineering strategies based on relative simplicity in comparison to other organs. The ideal tissue engineered conduit would have sufficient and ideally matched mechanical tolerances to native esophageal tissue. Current methods for mechanical testing of esophageal tissues both in vivo and ex vivo are typically destructive, alter tissue conformation, ignore anisotropy, or are not able to be performed in fluid media. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical properties of swine esophageal tissues through nondestructive testing utilizing sonometry ex vivo. This method allows for biomechanical determination of tissue properties, particularly longitudinal and circumferential moduli and strain energy functions. The relative contribution of mucosal-submucosal layers and muscular layers are compared to composite esophagi. Swine thoracic esophageal tissues (n = 15) were tested by pressure loading using a continuous pressure pump system to generate stress. Preconditioning of tissue was performed by pressure loading with the pump system and pre-straining the tissue to in vivo length before data was recorded. Sonometry using piezocrystals was utilized to determine longitudinal and circumferential strain on five composite esophagi. Similarly, five mucosa-submucosal and five muscular layers from thoracic esophagi were tested independently. This work on esophageal tissues is consistent with reported uniaxial and biaxial mechanical testing and reported results using strain energy theory and also provides high resolution displacements, preserves native architectural structure and allows assessment of biomechanical properties in fluid media. This method may be of use to characterize mechanical properties of tissue engineered esophageal constructs.
Designing a radiation sensing UAV system

Gathering radiation information in the event of a nuclear disaster is limited by the vulnerability of static sensor networks and the safety of human data collectors. A remotely controlled drone that can combine locational and radiological data gives emergency responders a safe and efficient alternative in the event of damaged or destroyed static sensor networks. The goal of this project is to develop a prototype radiation detection and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle system to safely identify irradiated areas in the event of a nuclear emergency. The UAV platform for this project is the EDF-8, a small ducted-fan UAV, developed by AVID LLC. Our team is responsible for developing the hardware necessary to integrate the radiation sensor into the EDF-8 platform. The main tasks in this project include programming microcontrollers to communicate with the radiation sensor as well as EDF-8's on board communication protocols, building housings for both the sensor and circuit boards, building simulation programs for testing, and the manipulation of collected data for presentation in a GIS software program. Upon project completion, AVID will have a prototype system for adapting EDF-8 into a radiological detection system for commercial or governmental use.
Biology of Malaria Transmission

Understanding transmission biology at an individual level is a key component of intervention strategies that target the spread of malaria parasites from human to mosquito. Gametocytes are specialized sexual stages of the malaria parasite life cycle developed during evolution to achieve crucial steps in transmission. As sexual differentiation and transmission are tightly linked, a deeper understanding of molecular and cellular events defining this relationship is essential to combat malaria. Recent advances in the field are gradually revealing mechanisms underlying sexual commitment, gametocyte sequestration, and dynamics of transmissible stages; however, key questions on fundamental gametocyte biology still remain. Moreover, species-specific variation between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax transmission dynamics pose another significant challenge for worldwide malaria elimination efforts. Here, we review the biology of transmission stages, highlighting numerous factors influencing development and dynamics of gametocytes within the host and determinants of human infectiousness.
Making robots mill bone more like human surgeons: Using bone density and anatomic information to mill safely and efficiently

Surgeons and robots typically use different approaches for bone milling. Surgeons adjust their speed and tool incidence angle constantly, which enables them to efficiently mill porous bone. Surgeons also adjust milling parameters such as speed and depth of cut throughout the procedure based on proximity to sensitive structures like nerves and blood vessels. In this paper we use image-based bone density estimates and segmentations of vital anatomy to make a robot mill more like a surgeon and less like an industrial computer numeric controlled (CNC) milling machine. We produce patient-specific plans optimizing velocity and incidence angles for spherical cutting burrs. These plans are particularly useful in bones of variable density and porosity like the human temporal bone. They result in fast milling in non-critical areas, reducing overall procedure time, and lower forces near vital anatomy. We experimentally demonstrate the algorithm on temporal bone phantoms and show that it reduces mean forces near vital anatomy by 63% and peak forces by 50% in comparison to a CNC-type path, without adding time to the procedure.
Building the Trade Wall to Mexico: What NAFTA, Brexit, and TPP Mean for the Future of U.S. Trade

The recent election of President Donald Trump calls into question the United States’ future in international trade. During Trump’s campaign for office, he promised to attempt to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and, if negotiations fail, withdraw from the agreement. While elections often invite isolationist rhetoric, such a policy would be a departure from the policies of the last five decades. Withdrawal from NAFTA would create significant uncertainty for the future of North American trade, not only for U.S. companies but especially for the U.S.’s role in the negotiation of future trade agreements. This Article is the first to examine the possible effects of U.S. withdrawing from NAFTA, drawing conclusions from the United Kingdom’s “Brexit” experience. While the European Union’s customs union operates differently than a free trade agreement, both U.S. protectionist sentiment and Brexit stem from the same ideological fears, namely immigration. The central claim of this Article is that NAFTA has ultimately benefited the U.S., and, while improvements can be made, U.S. withdrawal from NAFTA will harm the American economy, not help it. Instead, the United States must pursue further trade agreements, similar to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). This Article argues that although Donald Trump has officially withdrawn from TPP, the agreement should act as a template to build future trade agreements. As the future of the United States’ international trade policy remains uncertain, the most sensible path lies in more trade agreements in the future, not less.
Technological transfer to China: major rules and issues

Technology transfer to China has become more flexible and liberalized since the mid–1980s, but is still subject to detailed regulation, customs and practices. This paper reviews the principal restrictions and incentives facing companies wishing to enter into technology transfer deals with Chinese enterprises, and provides practical advice regarding State regulations. Some of the less obvious aspects are covered, including arbitration provisions, terms of payment (including countertrade and offsets), and requirements for the training of personnel.
Measurement of infrared refractive indices of organic and organophosphorous compounds for optical modeling

The complex optical refractive index contains the optical constants, n(ῦ)and k(ῦ), which correspond to the dispersion and absorption of light within a medium, respectively. By obtaining the optical constants one can in principle model most optical phenomena in media and at interfaces including reflection, refraction and dispersion. We have developed improved protocols based on the use of multiple path lengths to determine the optical constants for dozens of liquids, including organic and organophosphorous compounds. Detailed description of the protocols to determine the infrared indices will be presented, along with preliminary results using the constants with their applications to optical modeling.
Role of Surface-Capping Ligands in Photoexcited Electron Transfer between CdS Nanorods and [FeFe] Hydrogenase and the Subsequent H2 Generation

Complexes of CdS nanorods and [FeFe] hydrogenase I from Clostridium acetobutylicum have been shown to photochemically produce H2. This study examines the role of the ligands that passivate the nanocrystal surfaces in the electron transfer from photoexcited CdS to hydrogenase and the H2 generation that follows. We functionalized CdS nanorods with a series of mercaptocarboxylate surface-capping ligands of varying lengths and measured their photoexcited electron relaxation by transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy before and after hydrogenase adsorption. Rate constants for electron transfer from the nanocrystals to the enzyme, extracted by modeling of TA kinetics, decrease exponentially with ligand length, suggesting that the ligand layer acts as a barrier to charge transfer and controls the degree of electronic coupling. Relative light-driven H2 production efficiencies follow the relative quantum efficiencies of electron transfer, revealing the critical role of surface-capping ligands in determining the pho...
Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: new epidemiology and management concepts.

Purpose of reviewThe prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-related pulmonary disease has been increasing because of environmental factors, changes in organism virulence, and evolving host susceptibility. Treatment is often complicated by adverse effects, development of drug resistance, and
La resolución de consignas en situación de examen y sus problemáticas. Incidencia de lo cognitivo, de lo socio-cultural y de las consignas del docente

El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar la incidencia de lo cognitivo, las estrategias discursivas del docente y lo socio-historico-cultural en la resolucion de consignas por parte de alumnos de primer ano de escuelas de ensenanza media. Para ello se han recogido y analizado evaluaciones escritas de tres escuelas de Santa Fe (Argentina). Los participantes fueron 98 alumnos que pertenecian a diferentes estratos socioculturales (alto, medio y bajo). La muestra fue analizada siguiendo, principalmente, el modelo de procesamiento cognoscitivo de los textos propuesto por van Dijk (1983). Los resultados demuestran que la mayoria de los alumnos no pueden responder correctamente las preguntas porque no poseen los conocimientos pertinentes, no los modifican ni amplian a traves del razonamiento para resolver la situacion problematica que se les presenta en la consigna. Estas dificultades se agravan cuando los alumnos proceden de contextos familiares cuyos padres no completaron su educacion primaria.
Evaluation of the Colic in Horses. Decision for Referral

This article presents an overview of key factors that should alert the practitioner toward referral of a colic patient to a facility capable of surgical exploration or intensive medical management. Discussion includes a review of important aspects of colic history, signalment, physical examination findings, and diagnostic test results that indicate that a more serious medical or surgical condition exists, and advanced therapy is necessary.
Colloidal effects of acrylamide polyampholytes: Part 2: Adsorption onto cellulosic fibers

Colloidal titrations of commercial acrylamide-based terpolymers having both weak-acidic and weak-basic groups were carried out at pH 3 and 11, using a streaming current technique. At these pH values it was found that the polyampholytes could be considered as simple polyelectrolytes, though it was necessary to use a modified titration procedure. The titration endpoint defined by zero streaming current (SC) output deviated from a 1:1 stoichiometry, depending on the salt concentration. The endpoint also depended at the speed of titration, consistent with a relatively slow rate of forming equilibrated poly-ion complexes between polyampholytes and titrants. The adsorption of the amphoteric polyacrylamide copolymers onto bleached hardwood fibers was maximized near to its iso-electric pH, such that the net charge of the polymer was relatively low, but opposite to that of the substrate. Neutral and negatively charged polyampholytes also adsorbed in significant amounts onto the negatively charged fibers, though the amounts were lower than when the net charges were opposite. Addition of salt generally increased adsorption up to a conductivity value of 1000 μS/cm. Adsorption increased slightly with increasing time, until reaching a plateau. The rate of fluid agitation during adsorption did not affect adsorption significantly under the conditions employed.