cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A DOUBLE-YIELD SURFACE MODEL WITH REVISED PLASTIC WORK AS HARDENING PARAMETER AND ITS APPLICATION

Double-yield surface models for soils are firstly reviewed;and the necessity and reasonability of the concept of double-yield surface are confirmed.Based on a series of tests carried out by an improved plane strain test apparatus on Toyoura and Seto sands,a new double-yield surface model is proposed.The functions for elastic property,plastic volumetric property and plastic shear property in this model are derived directly from the test results with less hypothesis.Young′s modulus and Poission′s ratio are derived separately as functions of mean principal stress σm.The spherical surface is adopted as volumetric yield loci and the plastic work is used as hardening parameter.For shear yield loci,a function of principal stresses is adopted,which is derived from the test results and similar to that of Matsuoka model,but the hardening parameter is revised to couple with the unique relationship between hardening surface and the parameter.To simulate the hardening-softening process of the yield loci,the hardening function is built by combining a hyperbolic function and an exponential function.Nonassociated flow rule is adopted for plastic shear property based on test results.To make it convenient to be applied to numerical analysis,the elastoplastic rigid matrix of the model is derived.Finally,by using the parameters derived from the test results,verification of the model is carried out by both interpreting laboratory test results and applying it to calculation of the deformation of a high soil-fill project,Both cases agree well with each other,indicating a potential application of this model.
Bullying and Students With Disabilities A Systematic Literature Review of Intervention Studies

Bullying is a serious issue affecting the psychological, social, and physical well-being of students. Although a substantial amount of bullying research has been conducted with general education students, there is a paucity of experimental prevention or intervention studies specifically focused on students with disabilities. The aim of this article is twofold. First, we introduce a special issue on bullying and students with disabilities. Summaries of recent studies conducted on the bullying and students with disabilities are described. Next, we report the findings from a systematic literature review on bully intervention studies focused on students with disabilities. We identified six experimental studies meeting the search criteria. One study met all of the quality research indicators. Findings, future directions, and conclusions are discussed taking into consideration quality research indicators for evidence-based bullying prevention or intervention studies.
Duplicate Copies in Monographs Acquisitions: Examining 1,000 Cases

Abstract Processing duplicate titles is a time-consuming and costly activity in a monographs acquisitions operation. Since it is usually considered an acquisitions routine, its cost is often not measured. To gain a better understanding of this issue, a study of 1,000 duplicate titles was conducted. This article describes the study, analyzes duplication errors, and identifies their causes. It examines the disposition methods currently employed in the author's library and outlines the economics of these methods. It also summarizes observations that suggest closer examination of library practice and vendor performance. Finally, it includes recommendations for more effective and efficient processing of duplicate titles.
Technical Considerations in Percutaneous Placement of Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices

The last several decades have witnessed exponential advances in the technology and use of spinal cord neuromodulation for the treatment of chronic refractory pain syndromes in patients whom medical and surgical management have been exhausted. This chapter focuses on the technical aspects of percutaneous placement of SCN devices, emphasizing patient selection, technique, and complications.
Plasma Control Requirements and Concepts For ITER

Plasma control requirements for the International thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are identified, and an overview of proposed ITER plasma control concepts is presented. ITER will operate with a burning deuterium-tritium plasma to produce 1.5 GW of fusion power for durations of 1000 s or more. Key plasma control requirements to achieve these objectives encompass (a) plasma scenario and sequencing: plasma initiation, current rampup, divertor formation, auxiliary heating, ignition and burn, deignition (fusion power shutdown), and current rampdown and termination; (b) plasma magnetics control: plasma current and shape (R 0 , a, κ, δ) versus time, plus control of critical plasma-to-first-wall clearance gaps, including ion-cyclotron coupling gap and divertor magnetic configuration, during the diverted heating/ignition/burn/deignition phase of the plasma scenario; (c) plasma kinetics and divertor control: core plasma density and/or fusion power, core impurity content and/or radiated power fraction; core profile control (auxiliary heating and/or current drive), and divertor control (pumping, in-divertor gas and/or impurity injection and magnetic configuration optimization for divertor performance); and (d) fast plasma shutdown: fusion power and current shutdown by means of impurity injection. Physics and hardware concepts are presented as to how these plasma control junctions will be implemented. Diagnostic measurements needed for plasma control are summarized. The relationship of plasma control to machine protection and public safety is also addressed.
Barriers to Quality End-of-Life Care for Latinos: Hospice Health Care Professionals’ Perspective

Hospice is an option that serves the care needs of terminally ill patients. However, promoting awareness of pursuing end-of-life (EOL) care among Hispanics is challenging. Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic minority group in the United States but the most unlikely to use hospice services for E
The War on Cops: How the new attack on law and order makes everyone less safe

Heather Mac Donald’s The War on Cops: How the New Attack on Law and Order Makes Everyone Less Safe is sure to be controversial for many criminologists. Building on her previous work, Mac Donald del...
Raman computational and experimental studies of dopamine molecules on silver nanocolloids

Combined theoretical and experimental analysis of dopamine is presented in this work to better understand phenomena related to this neurotransmitter's detection and monitoring at very low concentrations specific to physiological levels. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on silver nanoparticles was employed for recording dopamine concentrations as low as 10−11 molar. Quantum chemical density functional calculations were carried out using Gaussian-09 analytical suite software. Relatively good agreement between the simulated and experimentally determined results indicates the presence of all dopamine molecular forms, such as neutral DA0, ionic DA− and DA+, and of dopaminequinone as well. Disappearance of the strongest bands of dopamine at 750 cm−1 and 795 cm−1, which suggests its adsorption onto the metallic surface, is consistent with the appearance of the latter molecular configuration. Thus, through coordinated experiment and theory, valuable insights into changes observed in the vibrational signatures of this important neurotransmitter can be analyzed and comprehended.
Association of sleep with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the association of sleep with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on literature search from databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords “SUDEP”, or “sudden unexpected death in epilepsy”, or “sudden unexplained death in epilepsy”. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy was considered to occur during sleep if the patient was found in bed, if the SUDEP cases were documented as in sleep, or if the patient was found at bedside on the bedroom floor. Results Circadian pattern was documented in 880 of the 1025 SUDEP cases in 67 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 880 SUDEP cases, 69.3% occurred during sleep and 30.7% occurred during wakefulness. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy was significantly associated with sleep as compared to wakefulness (P Conclusions There is a strong association of SUDEP with sleep, suggesting that sleep is a significant risk factor for SUDEP. Although the risks of SUDEP associated with sleep are unknown and likely multifactorial, the prone position might be an important contributory factor.
A high resolution measurement of the morning ABL transition using distributed temperature sensing and an unmanned aircraft system

We used an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to lift and suspend distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technologies to observe the onset of an early morning transition from stable to unstably stratified atmospheric conditions. DTS employs a fiber optic cable interrogated by laser light, and uses the temperature dependent Raman scattering phenomenon and the speed of light to obtain a discrete spatial measurement of the temperature along the cable. The UAS/DTS combination yielded observations of temperature in the lower atmosphere with high resolution (1 s and 0.1 m) and extent (85 m) that revealed the detailed processes that occurred over a single morning transition. The experimental site was selected on the basis of previous experiments and long term data records; which indicate that diurnal boundary layer development and wind sectors are predictable and consistent. The data showed a complex interplay of motions that occur during the morning transition that resulted in propagation and growth of unstable wave modes. We observed a rapid cooling of the air aloft (layer above the strong vertical temperature gradient) layer directly after sunrise due to vertical mixing followed by an erosion of the strong gradient at the stable layer top. Midway through the transition, unstable wave modes were observed that are consistent with Kelvin–Helmholtz motions. These motions became amplified through the later stages of the transition.
Dissertation 101: A Research and Writing Intervention for Education Graduate Students.

The vast breadth of information sources available in the field of education and the dearth of institutional resources for native graduate writers have left many graduate students overwhelmed, struggling to conduct an exhaustive review of the literature and to compose their literature reviews. To remedy this concern, collaboration between library and writing center faculty resulted in Dissertation 101, a seminar designed for graduate education students who are about to commence research for this high-stakes document. Bolstering the connections between academic librarians, writing center faculty, and graduate students has proven effective in refining the information seeking, evaluation, and synthesis skills of graduate education students. The seminar, now in its second year, is presented as a model intervention, a first step toward greater institutional accountability for graduate student writers.
Readmissions after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective The care of patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) can be resource intensive, which can be driven by readmissions. Our objective was to characterize index readmissions at 30, 90, and 180 days after TEVAR. Methods A retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database was performed for patients who underwent TEVAR in 2013. Multivariable analysis identified independent predictors for index readmission at 30, 90, and 180 days. Results There were 4045 TEVARs performed for descending thoracic aortic dissection (37.7%), nonruptured aneurysm (56%), and ruptured aneurysm (6.3%). There were 419 (11.1%) index readmissions at 30 days, 895 (23.6%) at 90 days, and 1131 (29.8%) at 180 days. The most frequent reason for index readmission was heart related at 30 days (15.5%) and aorta related at 90 days (18%) and 180 days (19.6%). Reinterventions were performed at 6.4%, 9.5%, and 9.7% of 30-, 90-, and 180-day readmissions, respectively. The majority of these included additional endovascular stent graft placement (51.9% of reinterventions at 30 days, 67.7% at 90 days, and 65.9% at 180 days). In multivariable analysis, 30-day index readmission was associated with initial ruptured presentation (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.5; P = .023) and diagnosis-related group (DRG) severity grades of moderate (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.74-2.73), major (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.28-4.74), and extreme (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.76-3.36; P = .009). Index readmission at 90 days was independently associated with initial ruptured presentation (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18-3.01; P = .008), urgent/emergent TEVAR (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08-1.85; P = .014), and DRG severity grades of moderate (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.95-2.47), major (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.39-3.7), and extreme (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.43-4.18; P = .002). Finally, at 180 days, initial ruptured presentation (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.05-2.62; P = .029), urgent/emergent TEVAR (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.08-1.79; P = .013), and DRG severity grades of moderate (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.01-2.38), major (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.38-3.33), and extreme (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.47-3.89; P = .002) were, again, independently associated with index readmission. Conclusions A large portion of patients treated with TEVAR were readmitted most commonly for heart-related reasons at 30 days and aorta-related reasons at 90 and 180 days. TEVAR performed to treat initial aortic rupture and greater DRG severity grade were independently associated with an index readmission at 30, 90, and 180 days. Urgent/emergent TEVAR was independently associated with an index readmission at 90 and 180 days. These factors are important to consider in using readmissions as a quality measure.
Problem-Solving in the Nursing Home Environment: Age and Experience Differences in Emotional Reactions and Responses

This study examined age differences in the perception of problems occurring in a nursing home. A predominantly female sample (N = 120) varying in age and in exposure to nursing homes watched videotaped vignettes depicting a woman experiencing problems in a nursing home. For each vignette, research participants reported how they thought the protagonist felt, how she should respond, and how confident they would feel to respond similarly if faced with the same situation. Age, more than experience, was related to differences in perceptions, with older adults reporting that the protagonist felt sad more often than did younger adults, who perceived the protagonist as feeling angry. Younger age was associated with more action-oriented coping strategies. No age differences emerged for how well the participants felt they could handle the situation. Results suggest that nursing home employees differ from the residents in both their perceptions of the problems and recommended strategies used to deal with the problem.
The Detection Of A Large, Powerful Fr I Radio Galaxy In A Spiral Host

We report the detection of a FR I-like radio galaxy with a total extent of more than 200 kpc in a disk-dominated host. Traditional wisdom maintains that these types of radio sources are only found in elliptical hosts. We confirm the optical classification of this galaxy from deep, multicolor optical/NIR imaging and the detection of a spiral arm, an optical rotation curve, and line-ratios in the disk consistent with HII regions and star formation. At 20cm, we find a 36kpc knotty, jet extending into the southern lobe. At 3.6cm we detect a kpc-scale jet with the same position angle. With the exception of the radio source, this galaxy appears to be a fairly ordinary, dusty, star-forming spiral, with some evidence for a weak, obscured, AGN.
Morphological Aspects of Meiosis and Their Genetical Significance

The ultimate aim of meiosis is to segregate four haploid cells from a single diploid cell as a result of two successive cell divisions. The prerequisite for this segregation of haploid sets is the exact longitudinal pairing between two homologous chromosomes which takes place during early phases of first meiosis. Furthermore, peculiar behavior of the centromere at first meiotic anaphase is required for this segregation. In ordinary mitosis, the centromere of each chromosome splits, and, during anaphase, two chromatids move away from each other toward opposite division poles. As a result, two diploid daughters are produced from one diploid cell. In the case of first meiotic anaphase, on the other hand, two chromatids of each chromosome are held together by the unsplit centromere, and the repulsive movement is between one whole chromosome against the whole of its homologous counterpart. As a result, two haploid daughters result from a diploid mother cell. Inasmuch as each chromosome thus produced and included in the haploid nucleus is already made of two chromatids, new DNA replication does not take place between first and second meiosis. The second meiosis is purely mechanical in that it merely serves to separate one chromatid of each chromosome from the other.
BINDING OF BILIRUBIN IN NEONATAL SERUM STUDIED BY FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING

The technique of fluorescence quenching was utilized to study the binding of bilirubin to serum albumin in certain jaundiced infants; e. g., babies with prematurity, possible kernicterus, isoimmunization, and biliary atresia. Free bilirubin, bilirubin binding capacity, and binding affinity (Ka) for bilirubin were determined from a 25-μl serum sample. An infant with biliary atresia and mixed hyperbilirubinemia was studied to determine whether conjugated bilirubin affects binding of unconjugated bilirubin. While only unconjugated bilirubin is thought to be toxic to cells, both forms bind to albumin; therefore, conjugated bilirubin would be effectively toxic if its binding decreased the binding capacity or affinity of albumin for unconjugated bilirubin. Total serum bilirubin was 700 μM, with 410 μM direct and 290 μM indirect. By fluorescence quenching the capacity was 0.93 moles unconjugated bilirubin/mole albumin, very close to the maximal capacity of 1.00. Binding affinity was 5.2 × 108 M−1, slightly greater than the average neonatal value. Hence, even a marked elevation of conjugated bilirubin did not affect the ability of albumin to detoxify unconjugated bilirubin. A 600-gram, 28-week newborn was studied to determine binding properties of serum albumin in a premature infant. They were similar to those found in term infants; this baby's ability to detoxify bilirubin was therefore limited by her lower serum albumin concentration.
Angular momentum transfer in non-axisymmetric accretion

Etude du probleme de l'accretion de la masse et du moment angulaire dans un objet gravitant provenant d'un vent supersonique sans symetrie axiale
An Introduction to Hankel Operators

In this introductory chapter we define the Hankel operators and study their basic properties. We introduce in §1 the class of Hankel operators as operators with matrices of the form \( {\left\{ {{\alpha _{i}} + k} \right\}_{{j,k}}} \geqslant 0\) and consider different realizations of such operators. One of the most important realization is the Hankel operators H φ , from the Hardy class \( H_{-}^{2}\mathop{ = }\limits^{{def}} {L^{2}} \odot {H^{2}} \). We prove the fundamental Nehari theorem, which describes the bounded Hankel operators, and we discuss the problem of finding symbols of minimal norm. We introduce the important Hilbert matrix, prove its boundedness, and estimate its norm. Then we study Hankel operators with unimodular symbols. We conclude §1 with the study of commutators of multiplication operators with the Riesz projection on L2 and reduce the study of such commutators to the study of Hankel operators.
Gaining a New Perspective: Co-teaching with Elementary Preservice Teachers

By teaching inquiry-based lessons alongside preservice teachers in elementary classrooms, Leslie Bradbury learned more about the realities of the elementary grade teaching context. To facilitate this process she worked with students to prepare lessons, peer-teach them in the methods class, and co-teach them in elementary school classrooms. Preservice teachers participating in the experience appreciated the ideas that they shared while working with others, the insights that they gained from peer teaching, and the realizations that they came to about preparation. Dr. Bradbury increased her understanding of the developmental level of elementary students, the importance of modeling higher-level questioning, and new uses of instructional technology.
CEOs imbue organizations with feelings, increasing punishment satisfaction and apology effectiveness

Abstract Organizations are easy to blame for wrongdoing because they seem capable of intention and planning (i.e., they possess perceived agency). However, punishing organizations for wrongdoing is often unsatisfying, perhaps because organizations seem incapable of feeling pain (i.e., they lack perceived experience). Without the ability to suffer, corporations and organizations cannot slake people's thirst for retribution, even with large fines and other penalties. CEOs may provide a potential solution to this “organization experience deficiency.” As feeling humans who embody the organizations they lead, CEOs provide a possible source of suffering and therefore organizational redemption. Across five experiments and one pre-registered experiment, we found that CEOs imbue their organizations with the ability to feel (Experiments 1–4b) and ability to suffer (Experiments 2a, 2b, and 3), which makes organizational punishments more satisfying (Experiments 2a, 2b, and 3), and apologies more effective (Experiments 4a and 4b). Implications for justice and mind perception in organizations are discussed.
Bluesky's Ahead: A Multi-Facility Collaboration for an a la Carte Software Project for Data Acquisition and Management

To address the growing scale of data at user facilities, a multi-facility collaboration is developing a collection of Python libraries, which are co-developed but may be used a la carte, to leverag...
Issues in Estimating Developmental Level and Cognitive Function in Rett Syndrome

Abstract Severe deficits in communication and cognitive ability are among the necessary diagnostic criteria for Rett syndrome (RTT), a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder that affects almost exclusively females. Traditional assessments, which rely on motor and verbal responding to assess comprehension and cognition, may not accurately reflect functioning in this population. To date, however, there are no comprehensive, systematic reviews of the literature regarding estimates of developmental and cognitive functioning in RTT. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature regarding functioning in comprehension, cognition, and adaptive behavior with a specific focus on the limitations of existing assessment approaches. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Deer do not affect short-term rates of vegetation recovery in overwash fans on Fire Island after Hurricane Sandy

Coastal resilience is threatened as storm-induced disturbances become more frequent and intense with anticipated changes in regional climate. After severe storms, rapid recovery of vegetation, especially that of dune-stabilizing plants, is a fundamental property of coastal resilience. Herbivores may affect resilience by foraging and trampling in disturbed areas. Consequently, assessing the impacts of herbivores on recovering vegetation is important for coastal land management.We combined imagery classification, wildlife monitoring, and trend analysis to investigate effects of white-tailed deer on recovery rates of vegetation four years poststorm in nine overwashed areas. We estimated local deer density with trail cameras, how it relates to an index of primary productivity, and assessed the relationship between deer density and rates of vegetation recovery in overwash fans.Prestorm vegetation cover consisted of shrubs and sporadic patches of beach grass. Poststorm cover was dominated by beach grass. At current rates, vegetation coverage will return to prestorm conditions within the decade, though community transition from grasses to shrubs will take much longer and will vary by site with dune formation.The effect of deer on rates of vegetation recovery was negative, but not statistically significant nor biologically compelling. Although effects of deer trampling on beach grass are evident in classified imagery, deer foraging on beach grass had little effect on its rate of spread throughout overwash fans.While the rate of spread of the primary dune-building grass was not deleteriously affected by deer, locally high deer densities will likely affect the future establishment and development of herbs and shrubs, which are generally more palatable to deer than beach grass.
Between- and within-person associations between opioid overdose risk and depression, suicidal ideation, pain severity, and pain interference.

Abstract Background To better understand overdose (OD) risk and develop tailored overdose risk interventions, we surveyed 234 opioid-using veterans residing in New York City, 2014–2017. Our aim was to better understand how predictors of OD may be associated with physical and mental health challenges, including pain severity and interference, depression and suicidal ideation over time. Methods Veterans completed monthly assessments of the Overdose Risk Behavior Scale (ORBS), pain severity and interference, suicidal ideation, and depression for up to two years and were assessed an average of 14 times over 611 days. To estimate between-person and within-person associations between time-varying covariates and opioid risk behavior, mixed-effects regression was used on the 145-person subsample of veterans completing the baseline and at least three follow-up assessments. Results The level of each time-varying covariate at the average of study time (between-person effect) was positively related to ORBS for pain severity and interference, suicidal ideation, and depression. Deviations from individuals’ personal trajectories (within-person effect) were positively related to ORBS for pain severity and interference, suicidal ideation, and depression. Conclusions US military veterans endure physical and mental health challenges elevating risk for opioid-related overdose. When pain severity, pain interference, suicidal ideation and depression were higher than usual, opioid risk behavior was higher. Conversely, when these health issues were less of a problem than usual, opioid risk behavior was lower. Assessing the physical and mental health of opioid-using veterans over time may support the development and implementation of interventions to reduce behaviors that increase the likelihood of overdose.
Interprofessional education for complex neurological cases

There is a growing necessity for healthcare professionals to collaborate across disciplines in order to adequately treat patients. Interprofessional education (IPE) is one strategy that can be used...
Advocacy: An Essential Competency of the Clinical Nurse Specialist

In 1956 Dr Hildegarde Peplau established the first Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) program, resulting in the first advanced practice nursing role. The CNS is one of 4 advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) roles prepared by education at the master’s or doctoral level. Clinical nurse specialists are APRNs who provide expert care with a population health focus and historically have practiced mostly in acute care environments including critical care, medical surgical care, maternal/child care, and mental health. The key responsibilities of the role are to assess, diagnose, and manage patient problems and to work with the health care team to manage the health care of a patient population. Inherent in this role is serving as an advocate, one who “proactively speaks for another to ensure certain needs or wishes are met.”
Flavored Tobacco Sales Prohibition (2009) and Noncigarette Tobacco Products in Retail Stores (2017), New York City

Objectives. To assess explicit- (products clearly labeled flavored) and emergent concept- (products implying flavoring but not clearly labeled) flavored tobacco product availability following New Y...
Additive Scoring Rules for Discrete Sample Spaces

In this paper, we develop strictly proper scoring rules that may be used to evaluate the accuracy of a sequence of probabilistic forecasts. In practice, when forecasts are submitted for multiple un...
LIBS application to powder samples

Abstract Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a robust analytical technique with great prospects and with the capability of analyzing very light to heavy elements of the periodic table. Several books have been published on the application of LIBS for qualitative and quantitative analysis. LIBS consists of generating a plasma by focusing a laser pulse on the sample. The optical emission from the plasma is collected with a spectrometer; the resulting signal is then used for qualitative analysis (identification of elements) and for quantitative analysis (sample composition through calibration curves). The use of temporally and spatially resolved plasma provides great advantages over other standard analytical techniques. Without being exhaustive, among other advantages are its ability for in situ and standoff analysis due to the use of fiber optics; multielemental analysis at low and high atomic number; real-time and fast analysis; and little sample preparation. In this chapter, LIBS application for powder samples analysis is briefly discussed.
High-index crystal plane of ZnO nanopyramidal structures: Stabilization, growth, and improved photocatalytic performance

Abstract While the low-index planes of Wurtzite ZnO, such as { 0001 } and { 10 1 ¯ 0 } are well-understood, the high-index crystal surfaces have not yet been thoroughly researched despite possessing structural characteristics that make them suitable for many important surface chemistry processes. The high surface energy of high-index ZnO crystal surfaces makes synthesis challenging to achieve due to their instability during crystal growth. In this work, we present a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of growth and photocatalytic activity of ZnO high-index crystal facets. Density functional theory calculations are performed to determine the thermodynamic conditions necessary to stabilize the high-energy semi-polar { 11 2 ¯ 2 } facets of pyramidal ZnO nanostructures grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The photocatalytic properties of as-synthesized nanopyramidal structures for water splitting applications showed a 73% improved photocatalytic performance compared to CVD-grown hexagonal ZnO nanorods with dominating low-index { 10 1 ¯ 0 } facets.
Identification of Cardiac Glycosides as Novel Inhibitors of eIF4A1-Mediated Translation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex (eIF4F) is a potential chemotherapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This complex regulates cap-dependent translational initiation and consists of three core proteins: eIF4E, eIF4G, and eIF4A1. In this study, we focus on repositioning compounds as novel inhibitors of eIF4A1-mediated translation. In order to accomplish this goal, a modified synthetic reporter assay was established. More specifically, a (CGG)4 motif, which confers eIF4A dependency, was incorporated into the 5’-leader region of a luciferase-tdTomato lentiviral reporter construct. The Prestwick Chemical Library was then screened in multiple TNBC cell lines by measuring the tdTomato fluorescent intensity. We identified several cardiac glycosides as potential inhibitors of eIF4A1-mediated translation. Based on our studies, we find that cardiac glycosides inhibit the expression of eIF4A1. To identify a potential mechanism by which this was occurring, we utilized the Integrative Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (iLINCS). Our pursuits led us to the discovery that cardiac glycosides also decrease levels of c-MYC. Quantitative PCR confirmed that decreases in c-MYC and eIF4A were occurring at the transcriptional level. As such, disruption of the eIF4A1-c-MYC axis may be a viable approach in the treatment of TNBC. The novel combination of rocaglamide A and digoxin exhibited synergistic anti-cancer activity against TNBC cells in vitro. The findings in this study and others are important for formulating potential combination chemotherapies against eIF4A1 in vivo. Thus, drug repositioning may be one classical approach to successfully target eIF4A1 in TNBC patients.
Part 2. Review and meta‐analysis of studies on modulation of longitudinal bone growth and growth plate activity: A micro‐scale perspective

Macro-scale changes in longitudinal bone growth resulting from mechanical loading were shown in Part 1 of this review to depend on load magnitude, anatomical location, and species. While no significant effect on longitudinal growth was observed by varying frequency and amplitude of cyclic loading, such variations, in addition to loading duration and species, were shown to affect the morphology, viability, and gene and protein expression within the growth plate. Intermittent compression regimens were shown to preserve or increase growth plate height while stimulating increased chondrocyte presence in the hypertrophic zone relative to persistent and static loading regimens. Gene and protein expressions related to matrix synthesis and degradation, as well as regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis were shown to exhibit magnitude-, frequency-, and duration-dependent responses to loading regimen. Chondrocyte viability was shown to be largely preserved within physiological bounds of magnitude, frequency, amplitude, and duration. Persistent static loading was shown to be associated with overall growth plate height in tension only, reducing it in compression, while affecting growth plate zone heights differently across species and encouraging mineralization relative to intermittent cyclic loading. Lateral loading of the growth plate, as well as microfluidic approaches are relatively understudied, and age, anatomical location, and species effects within these approaches are undefined. Understanding the micro-scale effects of varied loading regimes can assist in the development of growth modulation methods and device designs optimized for growth plate viability preservation or mineralization stimulation based on patient age and anatomical location.
Fundamentals of solid phase extraction and its application to environmental analyses

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fundamentals of solid phase extraction (SPE), which can be defined as the separation or removal of an analyte or analytes from a mixture of compounds by selectively partitioning the compounds between a stationary solid phase (sorbent) and a mobile liquid phase (solvent). This process depends on the extraction of the analytes from their matrix and their retention on a solid surface. Once the analyte is extracted from the matrix, it can be eluted from the sorbent using a selective solvent. In SPE, a liquid phase is immobilized onto a solid surface. The analyte is partitioned between the liquid phase (sample matrix) and the modified solid surface. The various factors that affect SPE include the sample loading and elution rates, choice of sorbent materials, and selection and volume of conditioning, equilibration, and rinse and elution solvents. SPE can be used as an alternative to the liquid–liquid extraction procedure. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the applications of SPE
Topography, the geoid, and compensation mechanisms for the southern Rocky Mountains

The southern Rockies of Colorado are anomalously high (elevations greater than 2800 m), topographically rough (implying active uplift), and underlain by significant low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle that suggest an intimate relationship between mantle geodynamic processes and the surface topography. The region is in isostatic equilibrium (i.e., near-zero free-air gravity anomaly); however, the poor correlation between the high topography and crustal thickness makes the application of simple compensation models (e.g., pure Heiskanen or Pratt-Hayford) problematic. Knowledge of how the current topography of the Rockies is isostatically compensated could provide constraints on the relative role of sublithospheric buoyancy versus lithospheric support. Here we evaluate the geoid and its relationship to the topography (using the geoid-to-elevation ratio (GTR) in the spatial domain and the admittance in the frequency domain) to constrain the mechanism of compensation. We separate the upper mantle geoid anomalies from those with deeper sources through the use of spherical harmonic filtering of the EGM2008 geoid. We exploit the fact that at wavelengths greater than the flexural wavelength where features are isostatically compensated, the geoid/topography ratio can be used to estimate the depth of compensation and the elastic thickness of the lithosphere. The results presented below indicate that the main tectonic provinces of the western United States have moderate geoid/topography ratios between 3.5 and 5.5 m/km (∼3.9 for the southern Rockies, ∼4.25 for the Colorado Plateau, and ∼5.2 for the Northern Basin and Range) suggesting shallow levels of isostatic compensation. In terms of the elastic thickness of the lithosphere, our results indicate an elastic thickness of less than 20 km. These value support the notion that a major portion of the buoyancy that has driven uplift resides at depths less than 100 km and that upper mantle processes such as small-scale convection may play a significant role in the buoyant uplift of the southern Rockies (as well as other actively uplifting areas of the western United States). Further support for this hypothesis is provided by high coherence for the geoid-topography relationship for nearly all wavelengths between 50 and 1000 km.
Adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus. An overrated risk?

Abstract The risk of developing esophageal cancer in Barrett's esophagus has been estimated at about 10%. This estimate is based primarily on data concerning the prevalence of that association in series of hospitalized patients and autopsies—a practice that tends to exaggerate the risk. We have reviewed retrospectively our experience with 115 patients whom we treated for Barrett's esophagus between September 1962 and March 1983, and have distinguished our data on the prevalence of esophageal cancer from that on incidence. For 8 patients, we found both Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma during the initial evaluations for a prevalence ratio of 7%. We followed 105 patients not found to have esophageal cancer initially for a total of 350 person-years. Only 2 patients developed adenocarcinoma during that follow-up period for an incidence of 1 case per 175 person-years. This incidence, although some 40-fold greater than that of the general population, is substantially lower than previously estimated. Routine endoscopic and histologic surveillance has been recommended for patients with Barrett's esophagus because of the alleged high incidence of esophageal cancer. Inasmuch as that incidence now appears to be low, we question the value of such surveillance for these patients.
Another Reason Why Conceptual Graphs Need Actors

Conceptual graphs (CGs) are a knowledge representation formalism that models monotonic first-order logic. However, in the case of an active knowledge base and in other cases, it is necessary to modify a CG dynamically, rendering the preceding static first-order CG possibly inconsistent and in need of further analysis. In order to extend monotonic first-order logic to non-monotonic second-order computation, and therefore achieve all of the power of a modern computer, CGs need to use atomic actors to represent change. To illustrate the power of actors, we represent the well-defined Turing machine; this has the added effect of showing that CGs can represent any of the power of a modern computer. This addition to the CG theory will have other similar practical effects.
Behavioral effects of phencyclidine and ketamine alone and in combination with other drugs.

Abstract The behavioral effects of phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine administered alone and in combination with naloxone, atropine, methyl atropine, chlorpromazine and d-amphetamine were studied in squirrel monkeys trained to press a response lever under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule maintained by the termination of a stimulus associated with electric shock presentation. Under non-drug conditions, a period of high-rate responding in the presence of the stimulus associated with shock presentation was followed by a period of no responding during a 40-s timeout scheduled between fixed-ratio components. Mean rates of responding fixed-ratio components decreased monotonically as PCP dose increased from 0.1 to 0.56 mg/kg, and doses of 3.0 and 5.6 mg/kg ketamine produced decreases in mean response rate comparable to doses of 0.3 and 0.56 mg/kg PCP. The dose-effect functions revealed that ketamine was approximately one-tenth as potent as PCP. The present data also characterized the time-course effects of PCP and ketamine, with the former having effects that were slower in onset yet more persistent in time. None of the drugs studied in combination with PCP and ketamine provided evidence of a pharmacological antagonism of the behavioral effects of the latter two drugs. Rather, the data indicated an enhancement of behavioral effects when certain drug combinations ere studied.
An Implantable Battery System for a Continuous Automatic Distraction Device for Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

Distraction osteogenesis is a method of generating new bone formation by the gradual application of tensile stress across an osteotomy site (a complete cut through the bone). Internal or intraoral distraction devices have become the most common clinical apparatus in craniofacial distraction osteogenesis, although actuating the distraction devices relies upon manual length adjustment under patients' compliance, introducing inconvenience and potential error in the procedure. To realize a fully implantable automatic distraction device, we propose a device design comprising a continuous miniature motor-driven distractor with a controller and an on-board lithium-ion battery. A benchtop prototype was fabricated to demonstrate the device's structural design capable of transmitting sufficient loads with sufficient strain accuracy; it is capable of using a battery selection algorithm to determine an appropriate electrochemistry temperature, sealability, and form factor and a control algorithm and a testing protocol with a laboratory-fabricated control circuit. This new distraction osteogenesis device enables completely automated and continuous distraction by the application of a low strain magnitude with multiple steps potentially leading to enhanced osteogenic activity.
Seasonal effects of prolactin on aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

Abstract 1. 1. Diurnal and seasonal variations of certain aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to ovine prolactin (PRL) treatment in the goldfish, Carassius auratus , were examined. 2. 2. PRL treatment late in the light phase of a long photoperiod during spring depletes liver glycogen stores. During fall liver glycogen levels are not affected by PRL treatment in fishes acclimated to long or short photoperiods. PRL is hypoglycaemic in fall and spring. 3. 3. PRL administered late in the light phase of a long photoperiod during spring increases plasma and liver total lipids and plasma cholesterol, while decreasing plasma triglycerides. In fall PRL may increase or decrease plasma organic-bound P levels dependent upon injection time.
Increased Inactivation and Degradation of Messenger RNA in an Escherichia coli Strain containing a Thermolabile Polynucleotide Phosphorylase

THE physiological role of the enzyme polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase), which seems to exist in many different bacteria (unpublished work), is not known. This enzyme can polymerize or depolymerize single stranded polyribonucleotides in a truly reversible reaction (ApUpGpCp)n+nPi⇄nADP +nUDP+nGDP+nCDP1−3. The phosphorolysis of polyribonucleotides by this enzyme proceeds processively from the 3′ end to the 5′ end of the polynucleotide chain4.
Young adults' media use and attitudes toward interpersonal and institutional forms of aggression

Links between media violence exposure and favorable attitudes toward interpersonal violence are well established, but few studies have examined whether associations extend to include favorable attitudes toward institutional forms of aggression. Studies on this topic have not assessed multiple forms of media use and statistically controlled for individual characteristics likely to influence attitudes beyond sociodemographic information. In this study, undergraduate students (N=319) aged 18-20 years (56% male) completed a survey assessing media use (number of hours per week spent playing videogames, watching movies/TV shows, watching TV sports) and attitudes toward interpersonal violence, punitive criminal justice policies, and different types of military activities (preparedness/defense and aggressive intervention). Greater number of hours spent watching TV contact sports was associated with more favorable attitudes toward military preparedness/defense, aggressive military intervention, and punitive criminal justice policies among men independently of parental education, lifetime violence exposure within the home and community, aggressive personality, and constrained problem solving style. Greater number of hours spent watching violent movies/TV was associated with more favorable attitudes toward military preparedness/defense among men and with more favorable attitudes toward interpersonal violence and punitive criminal justice policies among women, but these associations became non-significant when adjusting for covariates.
Sensitivity of Cladosporium caryigenum to Propiconazole and Fenbuconazole.

ABSTRACT Monoconidial isolates of the pecan scab fungus, Cladosporium caryigenum, were obtained in 1993 and 1994 from one pecan orchard each in Jeff Davis and Troup counties in Georgia, counties with no previous history of exposure to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides. Isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with propiconazole or fenbuconazole at 0,0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 µg ml-1. After 4 to 5 weeks at 25°C, the diameter of each colony was measured. Relative growth was expressed as the colony diameter for each fungicide concentration as a percentage of the diameter on unamended PDA. (ED)50 values for both fungicides in all years and locations were lognormally distributed. Mean (ED)50 values ranged from 0.19 to 0.30 µg ml-1 for fenbuconazole and 0.12 to 0.17 µg ml-1 for propiconazole. There were highly significant positive correlations between sensitivity to propiconazole and sensitivity to fenbuconazole at all locations and years, indicatin...
Scattering parameter transient analysis of transmission lines loaded with nonlinear terminations

An approach for the time-domain simulation of transients on a dispersive and lossy transmission line terminated with active devices is presented. The method combines the scattering matrix of an arbitrary line and the nonlinear causal impedance functions at the loads to derive expressions for the signals at the near and far ends. The problems of line losses, dispersion, and nonlinearities are first investigated. A time-domain formulation is then proposed using the scattering-matrix representation. The algorithm assumes that dispersion and loss models for the transmission lines are available and that the frequency dependence is known. Large-signal equivalent circuits for the terminations are assumed to be given. Experimental and computer-simulated results are compared for the lossless dispersionless case, and the effects of losses and dispersion are predicted. >