cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health Examination Results of Pupils in Rizhao City in 2009

[Objective]To investigate the health status of pupils in Rizhao city,explore the influencing factors,and put forward the intervention measures.[Methods]6909 school students were selected from primary schools directly under city government.The examination items included internal medicine,surgery,ophthalmology,stomatology and otorhinolaryngology.The health examination methods and evaluation standard were in accordance with the regulations of the Management Method for Health Examination of Primary and Middle School Students promulgated by the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education.[Results]There were significant differences in the poor eyesight rate and caries incidence among different grades.In same grade,the poor eyesight rate and caries incidence of girls was higher than that of boys,and the abnormal color vision rate and overweight rate of boys was higher than that of girls (P0.01).[Conclusion]The detection rate of dental caries and poor eyesight among pupils in this city was high.The relevant administrative department,schools and families should pay enough attention to physical constitution and health status of students,establish the guiding ideology of "Health First",develop the quality education,and lighten the learning burden,so as to improve the health levels of students.
ECoG signal classification based on nonlinear dynamics using GA-MLPNN

In order to classify electrocorticogram(ECoG) signals of different mental tasks in a brain-computer interface(BCI) system,a method based on the combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and multilayer perceptron neural network(MLPNN) was presented.The GA approach was used to opti mize ECoG channels selection,which mini mized the number of channels while maxi mizing the classification performance.Error back-propagation(EBP) algorithm was used as the learning mechanismof MLPNN.The nonlinear dynamics features(e.g.permutation entropy (PE) and Hurst exponent(HE)) were chosenfor the channel selection and classification because the two nonlinear parameters gave high calculation performance and great discri minative ability.The results showthat the average classification rate of 87 % was obtained using the 15 selected channels as opposed to only 79 %by using all 64 channels.
Challenging Managed Temporary Labor Migration as a Model for Rights and Development for Labor-Sending Countries

As global labor mobility increases, international organizations and States have intensified efforts to find ways to manage migration in the best interests of States and migrants. In recent years, a consensus has emerged among international organizations involved in labor migration that properly managed temporary labor migration is an effective way of balancing the interests of sending countries, receiving countries, and migrants themselves. In this Note, I contend that this emerging paradigm is unlikely to achieve both its touted goals: promoting long term economic development for sending countries and protecting migrant workers' rights. Not only do many sending countries lack the institutional capacity to properly design and implement migration and development policies, but also the very assumptions underlying the paradigm are flawed. I conclude that international organizations and migration experts should be cautious about promoting temporary labor migration to sending countries.
Chapter 1 – MHC Class I

This chapter reviews the current knowledge of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) biology and its impact on the treatment of diseases that involve CD8+ T cell responses. The importance of the high degree of allelic potymorphism present in class I MHC heavy chains is discussed. The influence of processing of antigens for class I MHC presentation on the immune response to be generated is explored, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms involved. Genetic and physical mapping analyses by many laboratories show complete sequence of the human MHC region. The presence of dozens of class I loci, including the well known HLA-A, B, and C loci, as well as a number of other class I genes, both functional and nonfunctional, are revealed. Of these, only HLA-A, B, and C are shown definitively to present peptide antigens to CD8+ T cells. HLA-C interacts with receptors on natural killer (NK) cells that either inhibit or activate lytic function. In contrast, the best known function of HLA-A and -B molecules is to present peptide antigens to CD8+ T cells. .
Dynamic cue use in pigeon mid-session reversal

The systematic anticipation and preservation errors produced by pigeons around the reversal point in midsession reversal (MSR) learning experiments suggest that an internal time estimation cue, instead of a more efficient external cue provided by reinforcement, controls behavior over the course of a session. The current experiments examined the role and effectiveness of other external cues in the MSR task. In Experiment 1, providing differential outcomes based on response key location produced fewer errors prior to, but not after, the reversal as compared with a non-differential outcomes condition. Experiment 2a used alternating differentially colored ITIs (cued sessions) or dark ITIs (un-cued sessions) during each half of the session. The ITI cues improved switch efficiency both prior to and after the reversal. Experiment 2b introduced probe trials around the reversal, testing ITI color cues added to un-cued sessions or removed from cued sessions. Results showed control by the ITI cues when they were available and control by the time-based cue when they were unavailable. This suggests both cues were being simultaneously processed when available and that the cues could also independently provide sufficient information about future reinforcement. In Experiment 2c, ITI cues were inserted as probe trials in the opposite half of the session (miscues). The closer such miscue trials were to the reversal, the more the ITI cues exerted control over behavior. Together, these results indicate that as the utility of internal temporal cues is reduced, the use of external visual cues increases. These results have implications for the way in which cues dynamically shift in controlling behavior over time based on their relative rates of utility, and are discussed in light of an occasion setting perspective.
A Language-Based Approach to Content Instruction (LACI) in Science for English Language Learners

To learn about science, English language learners (ELLs) need to be able to understand the language of science, as language is an integral part of learning science content. Science teachers need to be prepared for meeting ELLs’ content and language needs. Because of the growing number of ELLs in mainstream classes, all teachers – not just bilingual or English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) specialists – need to be prepared for meeting ELLs’ content and language needs. The context of this chapter is a teacher preparation model that started in California and was applied in Indiana, New York, and Florida with both in-service and pre-service teacher. Over the course of the past 10 years, elementary and secondary teachers learned about a language-based approach to content instruction (LACI) to address the content and language needs of ELLs in their classes. This chapter argues that LACI enables teachers to simultaneously focus on language and content in the content area of science. Using examples from classroom discourse in a fourth-grade classroom in Indiana, the chapter presents principles – the 6 Cs of support – for implementing LACI in science instruction.
Correctness evaluation model for composite web service

Web service playing the vital role in today's business environment. Business work flows are implemented as composite web service. Web services are growing day by day. Identifying the reliable web service is a tedious task. One of the reliability metric is correctness of the service. In this paper functional correctness model is designed for composite web service using black box testing technique.
Tradeoffs in Industrial Market Segmentation: Theory and Practice

Market segmentation is one of the basic concepts in marketing. However, the issues of costs and profits have typically been ignored in discussions of segmentation. This paper introduces a straightforward framework to assess these issues. Various revenue and cost interactions are considered, and problems in implementing this process are discussed.
Expanding the Language Network: Direct Contributions from the Hippocampus

New research suggests that the same hippocampal computations used in support of memory are also used for language processing, providing direct neurophysiological evidence of a shared neural mechanism for memory and language. This work expands classic memory and language models and represents a new opportunity for studying the memory–language interface.
The cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: A survey of the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) in advanced disease

Other than weight loss, most traditional methods of nutritional assessment are not acceptable in advanced cancer patients because they are inaccurate, too expensive for routine use, or too difficult for a debilitated person to complete. The prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) is a formula devised to evaluate nutritional status and prognosis in critically ill patients. It has been suggested that the PINI score can be used to follow most pathological conditions. It has been measured in several settings and has been found to be a reliable indicator of both nutritional status and prognosis in trauma, burn, infected, and cardiac patients. In this pilot study, we evaluated the PINI in 50 consecutive patients referred to a palliative care service. Compared to a value in normal, healthy people of <1, the mean score in this sample was 102 (SD = 142, 95% CI = 62-142). The mean protein values were: alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1409 mg/l (SD = 556, 95% CI = 1251-1567); C-reactive protein (CRP) 106 mg/l (SD = 89, 95% CI = 81-131); albumin 24 g/l (SD = 7, 95% CI = 23-26); and prealbumin 147 mg/l (SD = 73, 95% CI = 126-168). There was no significant association between the PINI and corticosteroid use, weight loss over time, age, or sex. These data indicate that the PINI is highly abnormal in our population. The CRP may be the most important value.
Coevolution of soil and topography across a semiarid cinder cone chronosequence.

Abstract Soil evolution and the development of surface and subsurface diagnostic horizons affects hydrologic partitioning of precipitation to infiltration and runoff, and the vegetative carrying capacity of landscapes, all of which affect rates of hillslope erosion. Rates of erosion, in turn, feedback on soil development by removing or preserving soil horizons. This coevolution is difficult to investigate because landscape age and initial conditions are often poorly constrained. In this paper we investigated the coevolution of the soils and hillslope topography by exploiting differences in vegetation type and density as a function of slope aspect across a semiarid basaltic cinder cone chronosequence, spanning cone ages from 1.065 to 1000 kyr, in the San Francisco volcanic field (SFVF) of northern Arizona, USA. We document that soils on south-facing hillslopes exhibit systematically more aeolian-derived dust despite having higher rates of erosion. We attribute this to the fact that south-facing slopes likely had more dust-trapping vegetation cover during the glacial climates that dominated the Quaternary. The higher dust contents of soils on south-facing slopes was associated with formation of argillic horizons, lower saturated hydrologic conductivity and increased water holding capacity. Greater water retention, in turn, likely increased rates of erosion by bioturbation and freeze-thaw-driven creep in a positive feedback. Over time, dust accumulation at the hillslope point of inflection increased with age up to several hundred thousand years, then decreased with time as the cones degraded by erosion. Data suggest that approximately 200 kyr of time was required before the soils developed sufficient water-holding capacity to drive in situ weathering of the basalt cinders. These results further demonstrate the importance of feedbacks among soil development, hydrology, and geomorphology in the evolution of hillslopes.
Transportation Routes, Apartment Rents, and the Assessment of Value

This study examines the rent gradient of a medium-sized city. A regression analysis is performed on the connection between apartment rents and distances to the city center, a freeway, and the closest intersection between freeways. A vector of other attributes is included in the equation to control for differences between sampled apartments. We find all three distance variables to be statistically significant, which indicates that they should be included in rent-estimation models. Moreover, we estimate a quadratic relationship between the rents and both highway variables and a third degree polynomial form for the distance to the city center.
Early hominids may have been weed species

Panid, gorillid, and hominid social structures appear to have diverged as dramatically as did their locomotor patterns as they emerged from a late Miocene last common ancestor (LCA). Despite their elimination of the sectorial canine complex and adoption of bipedality with its attendant removal of their ready access to the arboreal canopy, Australopithecus was able to easily invade novel habitats after florescence from its likely ancestral genus, Ardipithecus sp. Other hominoids, unable to sustain sufficient population growth, began an inexorable decline, culminating in their restriction to modern refugia. Success similar to that of earliest hominids also characterizes several species of macaques, often termed "weed species." We here review their most salient demographic features and find that a key element is irregularly elevated female survival. It is reasonable to conclude that a similar feature characterized early hominids, most likely made possible by the adoption of social monogamy. Reduced female mortality is a more probable key to early hominid success than a reduction in birth space, which would have been physiologically more difficult.
Ultrasound-Assisted Assessment of Medial Elbow Stability

Objectives An assessment of medial elbow stability is essential to the patient with an ulnar collateral ligament injury. Ultrasound imaging can be used to assess medial elbow stability. This study determined the effect of the elbow flexion angle on the medial elbow joint space during clinical tests of medial elbow stability. Methods Ultrasound images of the nondominant elbow were collected during 3 tests of medial elbow stability: valgus stress test, weighted valgus test, and milking maneuver. The elbow flexion angle increased between the valgus stress test and milking maneuver. The width of the medial joint space was measured on ultrasound images collected in unstressed and stressed conditions. Results Across test conditions, the medial joint width was greater in the stressed condition (mean ± SD, 3.7 ± 0.1 mm) than in the unstressed condition (2.9 ± 0.09 mm). The medial elbow joint space width was less (mean difference, 0.16 ± 0.01 mm; P = .01) in the milking maneuver position compared to the valgus stress test positions. Conclusions This study provides evidence that changes in the width of the medial elbow during clinical evaluation of the unimpaired elbow can be detected by ultrasound. Changing the elbow flexion angle did not affect the change in width of the medial elbow during valgus loading.
Exploring Societal Impact of Nanomedicine Using Public Value Mapping

Scholars looking to promote the idea that public values, like equity, should guide scientific research often run into a tricky problem: who decides which values are most important? It can be a bit presumptuous for individual scholars to claim that they know what is best for the world and which values should be pursued. One recent technique developed to deal with this dilemma is Public Value Mapping or PVM. The basic idea behind PVM is that while deciding which values should be pursued by scientific institutions can open a can of worms in regards to representation and ethics, at the very least institutions should be held accountable for the values they public claim they are pursuing.
THE CHALLENGE OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY TO THE ELDERLY PATIENT WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Demographic, Epidemiologic, Fiscal, and Health Policy Implications

Old age as our society is experiencing it is a new phenomenon. Never before in history have societies of developed countries enjoyed such longevity of life. In the next several decades the United States will face an unparalleled increase in the absolute number of elderly persons in our population. How will health care professionals, policy-makers, and society in general face the mammoth task of providing quality cardiovascular care for the elderly in an environment of limited financial resources? This article discusses the demographic, fiscal, and health policy implications of our aging society with particular emphasis on existing and anticipated impediments to the delivery of cardiovascular care to this rapidly expanding segment of our population.
Health informatics: a required skill for 21st century clinicians

Cognition depends critically on working memory, the active representation of a limited number of items over short periods of time. In addition to the maintenance of information during the course of cognitive processing, many tasks require that some of the items in working memory become transiently more important than others. Based on cognitive models of working memory, we hypothesized two complementary essential cognitive operations to achieve this: a selection operation that retrieves the most relevant item, and an updating operation that changes the focus of attention onto it. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, high-resolution oculometry, and behavioral analysis, we demonstrate that these two operations are functionally and neuroanatomically dissociated. Updating the attentional focus elicited transient activation in the caudal superior frontal sulcus and posterior parietal cortex. In contrast, increasing demands on selection selectively modulated activation in rostral superior frontal sulcus and posterior cingulate/precuneus. We conclude that prioritizing one memory item over others invokes independent mechanisms of mnemonic retrieval and attentional focusing, each with its distinct neuroanatomical basis within frontal and parietal regions. These support the developing understanding of working memory as emerging from the interaction between memory and attentional systems.
Development of an isotope dilution assay to determine the T-cell mass in guinea pigs.

Evidence is accumulating which suggests that T-lymphocytes, both in humans and animals, have a remarkably long lifespan (1–4). Large numbers of T-lymphocytes with unstable chromosome forms have been observed in patients ten years after receiving radiotherapy (5) and some abnormal T-cells persisted 25 years after atomic bomb radiation in survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6). Thus a number of workers have suggested that the maximum lifespan of the small lymphocyte may well approach that of the animal and that after maturity T-cell clones may well be irreplaceable (2). In humans the serum level of the thymic hormone thymosin is stable until the age of 15 but then it declines steadily (7, 8). The levels observed at 30 years are below those found to be effective in laboratory assays of thymosin activity (9).
Two-Stage Analog Combining in Hybrid Beamforming Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs

In this paper, we investigate hybrid analog/digital beamforming for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters for millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. In the receiver, we propose to split the analog combining subsystem into a channel gain aggregation stage followed by a spreading stage. Both stages use phase shifters. Our goal is to design the two-stage analog combiner to optimize mutual information (MI) between the transmitted and quantized signals by effectively managing quantization error. To this end, we formulate an unconstrained MI maximization problem without a constant modulus constraint on analog combiners, and derive a two-stage analog combining solution. The solution achieves the optimal scaling law with respect to the number of radio frequency chains and maximizes the MI for homogeneous singular values of a MIMO channel. We further develop a two-stage analog combining algorithm to implement the derived solution for mmWave channels. By decoupling channel gain aggregation and spreading functions from the derived solution, the proposed algorithm implements the two functions by using array response vectors and a discrete Fourier transform matrix under the constant modulus constraint on each matrix element. Therefore, the proposed algorithm provides a near-optimal solution for the unconstrained problem, whereas conventional hybrid approaches offer a near optimal solution only for a constrained problem. The closed-form approximation of the ergodic rate is derived for the algorithm, showing that a practical digital combiner with two-stage analog combining also achieves the optimal scaling law. Simulation results validate the algorithm performance and the derived ergodic rate.
Hospitalization trends and health resource use for adult congenital heart disease-related heart failure

Background This study assessed trends in heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and health resource use in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Methods and Results The Nationwide Inpat...
Biodegradable Simvastatin-Containing Polymeric Prodrugs with Improved Drug Release

Simvastatin was previously converted to a polymeric prodrug with higher drug loading, but the hydrophobic nature of the poly(simvastatin) component of the block copolymer led to slow release of the drug in vitro. In this study, we hypothesized that degradation could be accelerated by chemically modifying the polymer backbone by introducing glycolide and lactide comonomers. Copolymers were formed by ring-opening polymerization using 5 kDa monomethyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) as the microinitiator in presence of triazabicyclodecene catalyst. In addition to simvastatin, modified reaction mixtures contained lactide or glycolide. Incorporation of the less hydrophobic glycolide comonomer led to in vitro degradation of up to two times greater mass loss, release of up to ~7 times more simvastatin, and a 2-3 times increase in compressive modulus compared to the lactide-containing and parent polymers.
IGH translocations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes.

The prevalence, clinicopathologic correlates, and outcomes of previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with IGH-BCL2 and IGH-BCL3 translocations are not well known. Using the Mayo Clinic CLL database, we identified patients seen between March 1, 2002 and September 30, 2016 who had FISH testing performed within 3 years of CLL diagnosis. The prognostic profile, time to first therapy (TTT), and overall survival (OS) of patients with IGH-BCL2 and IGH-BCL3 translocation were compared to patients without these abnormalities (non-IGH group). Of 1684 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 38 (2.2%) had IGH-BCL2, and 16 (0.9%) had IGH-BCL3 translocation at diagnosis. Patients with IGH-BCL3 translocation were more likely to have high and very-high CLL-International Prognostic Index, compared to patients with IGH-BCL2 translocation and the non-IGH group. The 5-year probability of requiring therapy was significantly higher for IGH-BCL3 compared to IGH-BCL2 and non-IGH groups (84% vs 33% vs 29%, respectively, P < 0.0001). The 5-year OS was significantly shorter for IGH-BCL3 compared to IGH-BCL2 and non-IGH groups (45% vs 89% vs 86%, respectively, P < 0.0001). On multivariable analyses, IGH-BCL3 translocation was associated with a shorter TTT (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7; P = 0.005) and shorter OS (HR = 5.5; P < 0.0001); IGH-BCL2 translocation did not impact TTT and OS. In conclusion, approximately 3% of all newly diagnosed CLL patients have either an IGH-BCL2 or IGH-BCL3 translocation. Patients with IGH-BCL3 translocations have a distinct prognostic profile and outcome. These results support the inclusion of an IGH probe during the routine evaluation of FISH abnormalities in newly diagnosed CLL.
Utilization rates of tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke and underlying malignancy.

Objective Relatively little is known about the effect of malignancy on patient outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or utilization rates of stroke interventions in this population. We aimed to assess the effect of underlying malignancy on outcomes and treatment of AIS at a population level. Methods Outcomes after AIS between patients with and without malignancy were compared using a national database of hospital reported outcomes. Results There were 351 institutions reporting the outcomes of 3 18 127 admissions for AIS. Of these admissions, 16 141 patients carried a pre-existing diagnosis of malignancy at the time of admission. Administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) was less common in patients with malignancy compared with patients without malignancy (7.3% vs 10.7%; P Conclusion A diagnosis of malignancy on admission for acute stroke was associated with a higher rate of mortality. Malignancy was also associated with a lower rate of IV tPA administration but no difference in mechanical thrombectomy utilization.
Lifetimes and Occurrence Rates of Dark Vortices on Neptune from 25 Years of Hubble Space Telescope Images

We scoured the full set of blue-wavelength Hubble Space Telescope images of Neptune, finding one additional dark spot in new Hubble data beyond those discovered in 1989, 1994, 1996, and 2015. We report the complete disappearance of the SDS-2015 dark spot, using new Hubble data taken on 2018 September 9–10, as part of the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) program. Overall, dark spots in the full Hubble data set have lifetimes of at least one to two years, and no more than six years. We modeled a set of dark spots randomly distributed in time over the latitude range on Neptune that is visible from Earth, finding that the cadence of archival Hubble images would have detected about 70% of these spots if their lifetimes are only one year, or about 85%–95% of simulated spots with lifetimes of two or more years. Based on the Hubble data set, we conclude that dark spots have average occurrence rates of one dark spot every four to six years. Many numerical models to date have simulated much shorter vortex lifetimes, so our findings provide constraints that may lead to improved understanding of Neptune’s wind field, stratification, and humidity.
Disturbance intensity and above- and belowground herbivory effects on long-term (14 y) recovery of a semiarid grassland

The importance of disturbance intensity and herbivory by cattle and white grubs, or the larvae of June beetles (including Phyllophaga fimbripes), to recovery of shortgrass steppe ecosystems in Colorado, U.S.A. were evaluated over a fourteen year time period. Disturbance intensity was defined by survival of the dominant grass species (Bouteloua gracilis) after an outbreak of root feeding activity by white grubs. Sixteen patches of vegetation consisting of four pairs of adjacent ungrazed-grazed by cattle locations with two replicates that were recently affected by white grubs were selected in 1977. Disturbance intensity was determined in 1977 by the area in each patch that contained live tillers of B. gracilis. Permanent plots were located both within and outside of each patch. Plant basal cover and density by species were estimated at time of peak aboveground biomass in six different years on each plot.
The logic of ground

I explore the logic of ground. I first develop a logic of weak ground. This logic strengthens the logic of weak ground presented by Fine in his ‘Guide to Ground.’ This logic, I argue, generates many plausible principles which Fine’s system leaves out. I then derive from this a logic of strict ground. I argue that there is a strong abductive case for adopting this logic. It’s elegant, parsimonious and explanatorily powerful. Yet, so I suggest, adopting it has important consequences. First, it means we should think of ground as a type of identity. Second, it means we should reject much of Fine’s logic of strict ground. I also show how the logic I develop connects to other systems in the literature. It is definitionally equivalent both to Angell’s logic of analytic containment and to Correia’s system G.
The great transformation: the future of the data-driven transportation workforce

Abstract As the core business of Departments of Transportation (DOTs) shifts from construction to preservation, transportation professionals must increasingly manage complex transportation systems under continually constrained revenues. Limited resources challenge DOTs as they attempt to maintain existing infrastructure while satisfying an ever-increasing set of performance expectations from the public. As a result, increasingly transportation agencies are turning to a wide range of new technologies, driven by the desire to make more strategic decisions that lead to more effective and efficient transportation systems. This transformation is leading to a sea change in the skill sets that will be required for the future transportation workforce. The future transportation knowledge workers will need to be much more versed in emerging technologies, in informational technology and good data management practice, and in data analysis and structured decision-making methodologies. Attracting, training, and developing those workforce skills will remain a central challenge for most transportation agencies.
Agronomic Performance of Brassicaceae Oilseeds in Multiple Environments Across the Western USA

Brassicaceae oilseed crops can provide rotation benefits to dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and supply feedstock for biofuel production. However, growers face decisions about what oilseed crop is best suited for an environment. The objective of this study was to determine how varying production environments affect the agronomic performance of modern cultivars of six Brassicaceae crop species and identify ideal genotypes for seven growing environments spanning four ecoregions. A field experiment was replicated in Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and Oregon, USA, between 2013 and 2016 to measure seed and oil yields of seed for four cultivars of Brassica napus, two of B. carinata, two of B. juncea, two of Sinapis alba, one of B. rapa, and one of Camelina sativa. Also, δ13C signature of seed was used as an indicator of water limitation. Generally, across all genotypes, seed and oil yields increased with increased growing season precipitation. Modern commercial cultivars of B. napus and B. juncea had the highest seed oil contents and generally produced the greatest oil yields across most environments, although they were not always the highest seed yielders. For instance, B. carinata over six site years in North Dakota and Minnesota yielded greater than B. napus producing as much as 2471 kg ha−1 in Minnesota. Camelina produced competitive seed yields in some of the drier environments and its δ13C signature indicated that it had the greatest drought resistance. However, seed oil content of some of these high yielding genotypes may need improvement before they are viable as biofuel feedstock.
Federated Multimodal Big Data Storage & Analytics Platform for Additive Manufacturing

Additive technologies are expected to revolutionize manufacturing across almost every industry, but there is a sizable gap between the current state of the technology and the maturity required for it to achieve widespread adoption. Advanced analytics are required to improve the reliability and repeatability of additive manufacturing, and those analytics require data. Large volumes of multimodal data are generated and used throughout the additive manufacturing lifecycle, from material design to part design and simulation, part printing to post-processing and inspection. To capture and link that diverse Big Data together, we have designed and developed a federated multimodal Big Data storage and analytics platform comprised of three tiers—a distributed polyglot data storage and analysis tier with different repositories for different data structures, a metadata knowledge graph tier for modeling the data and their relationships across the various repositories, and a user interface tier for visualizing, exploring and invoking analytics on the data. The platform has been used to integrate a collection of previously disparate steps to optimize the process parameters used to build a new additive material, enabling materials scientists and other non-software experts to capture, visualize and analyze the requisite data through a single user interface.
Preparing Mass Communications Students for an Evolving Industry: The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Extracurricular Involvement on Career Adaptability:

Career paths of entry-level professionals in media fields are more ambiguous and complex than ever before. To make a successful transition into their careers, graduates must possess career manageme...
Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.

Background Frailty is a geriatric syndrome of decreased physiologic reserve and resistance to stressors that results in increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes with aging. Diabetes and hyperglycemia are established risk factors for frailty. We sought to examine whether the odds of frailty among individuals at high risk of diabetes randomized to treatment with intensive lifestyle (ILS), metformin, or placebo differed after long-term follow-up. Method The sample comprised participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) clinical trial, who continued follow-up in the DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS) and completed frailty assessments in DPPOS Years 8 (n = 2385) and 10 (n = 2289), approximately 12 and 14 years after DPP randomization. Frailty was classified using Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria. GEE models adjusting for visit year with repeated measures pooled for Years 8 and 10 were used to estimate pairwise odds ratios (ORs) between ILS, metformin, and placebo for the outcomes of frail and prefrail versus nonfrail. Results Frailty prevalence by treatment group was ILS = 3.0%, metformin = 5.4%, placebo = 5.7% at Year 8, and ILS = 3.6%, metformin = 5.3%, placebo = 5.4% at Year 10. Odds ratios (95% CI) estimated with GEE models were ILS versus placebo, 0.62 (0.42-0.93), p = .022; metformin versus placebo, 0.99 (0.69-1.42), p = .976; and ILS versus metformin, 0.63 (0.42-0.94), p = .022. Odds of being frail versus nonfrail were 37% lower for ILS compared to metformin and placebo. Conclusions Early ILS intervention, at an average age of about 50 years, in persons at high risk of diabetes may reduce frailty prevalence in later life. Metformin may be ineffective in reducing frailty prevalence. Clinical trials registration numbers NCT00004992 (DPP) and NCT00038727 (DPPOS).
Assessment of Aeroacoustic Simulations of the High-Lift Common Research Model

This paper presents further validation of PowerFLOWR aeroacoustic simulations of the High-Lift Common Research Model through comparisons with experimental data from a recently completed wind tunnel test. Preliminary time- averaged surface pressure and microphone array data from the experiment are in reasonably good agreement with the simulations, and the slat is shown to be a dominant noise source on this model. The simulations did not predict slat tones that were very prominent in the experiment, but they did capture the broadband component of slat noise in the low-frequency range up to 1 kHz at full scale. Future tests are planned to demonstrate slat noise reduction technology, and simulations are being used to guide this development.
Towards Adaptive Simulations of Dispersive Tsunami Propagation from an Asteroid Impact.

The long-term goal of this work is the development of high-fidelity simulation tools for dispersive tsunami propagation. A dispersive model is especially important for short wavelength phenomena such as an asteroid impact into the ocean, and is also important in modeling other events where the simpler shallow water equations are insufficient. Adaptive simulations are crucial to bridge the scales from deep ocean to inundation, but have difficulties with the implicit system of equations that results from dispersive models. We propose a fractional step scheme that advances the solution on separate patches with different spatial resolutions and time steps. We show a simulation with 7 levels of adaptive meshes and onshore inundation resulting from a simulated asteroid impact off the coast of Washington. Finally, we discuss a number of open research questions that need to be resolved for high quality simulations.
Voltage compartmentalization in dendritic spines in vivo.

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system, so their function must be critical for the brain. Spines are biochemical compartments, but could also electrically ...
R-TIK Digital Literacy towards Indonesian MSMEs (UMKM) Digital Energy of Asia

In accordance with the commitment of the World Summit on the Information Society, it is stated that Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) are providers of employment for the community. In Indonesia, SMMEs are known as UMKM (Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises Indonesia). The existence of ICT is considered capable of increasing economic growth as well as providing new employment field during the Covid-19 Pandemic. One way to encourage the rise of UMKM) is through the Indonesian R-TIK (Indonesia ICT Volunteers). The purpose of this research is to determine the involvement of R-TIK in the UMKM Go Online program. Whereas the theories and concepts used are the Information Society, Digital Literacy and Empowerment of UMKM. The research method used is a case study, R-TIK with UMKM in Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi. The results indicate that digital literacy activities carried out by R-TIK together with the Department of Industry, Trade, Cooperatives, and UMKM encouraged the growth of UMKM in Polewali Mandar. The presence of QRen in the UMKM online program has push the pace of the Indonesian economy in the context of realizing Indonesia as a Digital Energy of Asia.
The Influence of Feeding Patch Size and Relative Fruit Density on the Foraging Behavior of the Black Spider Monkey Ateles chamek

Black spider monkey Ateles chamek foraging data from eastern Bolivia are examined in relation to the size of fruit patches and the relative fruit density within the patch. In general, spider monkeys exhibited a preference for larger fruit patches and foraged for longer and in larger subgroups as patch size and relative fruit density increased. Nevertheless, results for specific resources revealed considerable variation in the primary variables influencing foraging behavior and subgroup size with certain specific resources more influenced by patch size, and others more influenced by relative fruit density. The results are discussed in relation to the foraging ecology of fission–fusion primate social systems and previous studies on the influence of patch size on primate foraging decisions. RESUMEN Informacion sobre el comportamiento de forrajeo del mono arana negro o marimono Ateles chamek en el este de Bolivia es examinado en relacion al tamano del parche de fruto y la densidad relativa de frutos dentro del parche. En general, marimonos prefieren parches de frutos grandes y forrajean para mas tiempo y en subgrupos mas grandes en la manera que el tamano del parche y la densidad relativa de frutos dentro del parche se incrementan. Sin embargo, resultados para recursos especificos han demostrado variaciones considerables con respeto al variable principal influyendo comportamiento de forrajeo y tamano de subgrupo con ciertos recursos mas influidos por el tamano del parche y otros mas influidos por la densidad relativa de frutos. Los resultados estan presentados en el contexto de teorias de ecologia de forrajeo de primates que demuestran una sistema social de fision-fusion y estudios anteriores sobre la influencia del tamano del parche sobre decisiones de forrajeo en primates.
Probes of inhomogeneities

There are a number of problems with redshift surveys and their interpretation. The first is the simple fact that taking redshifts is time consuming: it is much easier to get the angular positions of galaxies than it is to also measure redshifts. With the much greater statistics, angular surveys often compensate for the lack of radial information. Indeed, some claim that the best information one have on large-scale clustering comes from angular surveys. Clearly, then, a skill one must acquire is the ability to make predictions about the angular correlation function. Redshift surveys suffer from another, more profound problem than the fact that they are time consuming. Although it is true that the redshift gives a reasonable estimate of radial distance, it is not true that this estimate is completely accurate. Most galaxies have non-negligible peculiar velocities—that is, they are moving on this grid.
Challenging the Conclusion That Lower Preinduction Cognitive Ability Increases Risk for Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in 2,375 Combat-Exposed, Vietnam War Veterans

ABSTRACT Objective: Among U.S. Vietnam War veterans, we assessed whether preinduction cognitive abilities were associated with the risk of developing combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: The sample included 2,375 single-term, enlisted, male, Army, Vietnam War veterans who reported exposure to combat during the war. There were two measures of cognitive abilities obtained before military induction, the Armed Forces Qualification Test and the General Technical Examination. Associations of ability with current and lifetime diagnoses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, combat-related PTSD were assessed. An index was used to grade the severity of combat exposure. Results: Among low-combat exposure veterans, higher preinduction cognitive abilities decreased the risk for lifetime, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, combat-related PTSD. For veterans with higher levels of combat exposure, higher scores ...
STING for vesicoureteral reflux

Vesicouretal reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary system. It affects 1% of boys and girls. The ureterovesical junction is compromised by short submucosal ureteral length, insufficient detrusor backing to the ureter, and/or periureteral diverticuli. Vesicoureteral reflux is present in 29% to 70% of children with urinary infections1,2 and is typically diagnosed by contrast voiding cystourethrogram or nuclear cystogram. The association among VUR, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and renal scarring has been noted for years. The overall goal of managing the child with UTIs is to prevent renal scarring, hypertension, or chronic renal failure. In fact, 3% to 25% of children with end-stage renal disease lost their renal function because of reflux nephropathy.2,3 Renal scarring is detected best by DMSA scanning. However, some of the radiologically detected changes are congenital in nature and not acquired from postnatal UTIs (males > females).4,5
The future of the American law school or, how the “Crits” led Brian Tamanaha astray and his Failing Law Schools fails

Debate over the impact of the economic crisis on the future of the American law school has reached an exceptional level of intensity. Brian Tamanaha’s short book, Failing Law Schools, serves as the manifesto for those who believe the law school must undergo radical restructuring and cost cutting. While there is room for disagreement with almost all aspects of the reform argument no critic of Tamanaha has attempted to place his critique in the context of his pre-existing scholarly work on the rule of law. This review essay argues that only an appreciation for the dual nature of the modern rule of law allows us to explain what is happening to the American law school and to see clearly the limitations of the critics’ arguments. The essay suggests that diversity within a tenure based academic model is a valuable characteristic of the current model that must be preserved.
Morphology and deformation of melt-spun polyethylene fibers

Abstract Studies have been conducted on the melt-spinning and tensile properties of polyethylene fibers. The process whereby a filament of molten polyethylene is converted into a fiber has been noted to occur within an identifiable constriction zone. It has been inferred that this constriction zone results from a mechanical instability caused by different viscous compliances in fiber exterior and interior. This difference makes the skin move faster than the core and creates a flow field that produces a stress-crystallized morphology in the final melt-spun fibers. Birefringence studies on transverse thin sections suggest that the chains are tilted with respect to the fiber axis at an angle which varies with radius but is axially symmetric. Elastic strain in these fibers results largely from cooperative bending and bowing of lamellae. Plastic deformation beyond the yield point appears chiefly to be derived from lamellar tilting in combination with the formation of microfibrillar crystallites.
A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development

Antimicrobial factors form one arm of the innate immune system, which protects mucosal surfaces from bacterial infection. These factors can rapidly kill bacteria deposited on mucosal surfaces and prevent acute invasive infections. In many chronic infections, however, bacteria live in biofilms, which are distinct, matrix-encased communities specialized for surface persistence. The transition from a free-living, independent existence to a biofilm lifestyle can be devastating, because biofilms notoriously resist killing by host defence mechanisms and antibiotics. We hypothesized that the innate immune system possesses specific activity to protect against biofilm infections. Here we show that lactoferrin, a ubiquitous and abundant constituent of human external secretions, blocks biofilm development by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This occurs at lactoferrin concentrations below those that kill or prevent growth. By chelating iron, lactoferrin stimulates twitching, a specialized form of surface motility, causing the bacteria to wander across the surface instead of forming cell clusters and biofilms. These findings reveal a specific anti-biofilm defence mechanism acting at a critical juncture in biofilm development, the time bacteria stop roaming as individuals and aggregate into durable communities.
Impact of fiberoptics on grounding of distributed electronics

How fiber optics is being used for proper single-point grounding of distributed electronic systems in industrial facilities with varying existing grounding approaches is outlined. Grounding schemes such as the conventional approach, single-point ground, total single-point ground, and signal reference grid are discussed. A fiber optics solution for a single-point ground system is presented. The author stresses that in all situations, grounding must be recognised first and foremost as a safety method and must adhere to the National Electrical Code. >