cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinically utilized kappa-opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine combined with low-dose naltrexone prevents alcohol relapse-like drinking in male and female mice

Abstract Alcohol relapse is a treatment goal for alcohol dependence and the target for medications’ development. Clinically utilized nalfurafine (NFF) is a potent and selective kappa- opioid receptor (KOP-r) agonist, with fewer side effects (e.g., sedation or anhedonia) than classic KOP-r full agonists. We have recently found that NFF reduces excessive alcohol drinking in mice via a KOP-r-mediated mechanism. Here, we further investigated whether NFF alone (1–10 μg/kg) or in combination with naltrexone (NTX, mu-opioid receptor [MOP-r] antagonist) altered alcohol relapse-like drinking using a mouse alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) paradigm to mimic the relapse episodes in human alcoholics. Nalmefene (NMF, clinically utilized KOP-r partial agonist with MOP-r antagonism) was used as a reference compound for the effects on mouse ADE of new NFF + NTX combination. After exposed to 3-week intermittent- access alcohol drinking (two-bottle choice, 24-h access every other day), both male and female mice displayed excessive alcohol intake and then pronounced ADE after 1-week abstinence. NFF prevented the ADE in a dose-dependent manner in both male and female mice. A combination of NFF with NTX reduced the ADE without sex differences at doses lower than those individual effective ones, suggesting synergistic effects between the two compounds. NMF prevented the ADE in both sexes, while selective KOP-r antagonist nor-BNI had no effect. Our new study suggests that a combination of clinically-utilized, potent KOP-r agonist NFF with low-dose NTX has therapeutic potential in alcohol “relapse” treatment.
Omissions of Care in Nursing Home Settings: A Narrative Review

Abstract Objectives This review aims to (1) examine existing definitions of omissions of care in the healthcare environment and associated characteristics and (2) outline adverse events that may be attributable to omissions of care among nursing home populations. Design Nonsystematic review. A literature search for published articles on care omissions in nursing home settings and related adverse events was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO Academic Search Premier, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) until January 2019. Articles were excluded if they were published in a language other than English or included samples that were not relevant to nursing home settings. Settings and Participants Adult samples in nursing home settings or settings likely to include nursing homes as part of the continuum of care. Measures Articles must provide a definition of missed or omitted care relevant to nursing home settings or include adverse events that can be attributed to care omissions. Results From a total of 2155 articles retrieved, 34 were retained for thematic synthesis. Key themes included broad agreement that any delay or failure of care is an omission; diverse views on including consideration of risks or occurrence of adverse events within the definition; diverse approaches to including components of care delivery systems in the definition; recognition that care in nursing homes includes both clinical and psychosocial care; and awareness that insufficient or inadequate resources to meet care demands can cause omissions. For research on adverse events attributable to omissions, 327 of 8385 articles were included for review. Nineteen adverse events were identified and omissions contributing to their incidence are highlighted. Conclusions/Implications Definitions of omissions of care for nursing homes vary in scope and level of detail. Substantial evidence connects omissions of care with an array of adverse events in nursing home populations.
Critique of “Planetary Normal Mode Computation: Parallel Algorithms, Performance, and Reproducibility” by SCC Team From University of Washington

One of the tasks for the SC19 Student Cluster Competition is to reproduce the results in the reproducibility challenge article “Computing Planetary Interior Normal Modes with a Highly Parallel Polynomial Filtering Eigensolver”, by J. Shi et al. , which describes a highly parallel algorithm for computing planetary normal modes. In running experiments from the article, we study the weak and strong scalability of the algorithm, as well as the relationship between model size, degree of polynomial filter, and execution time. We investigate these findings on a two-node, 64-core Intel Skylake-based Xeon cluster. Unfortunately, we are able to confirm some, but not all, of the original findings, with discrepancies possibly due to a low number of experimental runs due to competition time limits as well as nonuniform scaling of compute resources.
On the Image Analysis of Conducting Magneto-Responsive Micro-Particles for Applications in Leaky Wave Antenna Beam Steering

Magneto-static responsive micron-sized particles are useful for their ability to be manipulated to create columns of conducting particles. Their uses have mainly been to be concealed in a substrate and connect the top and bottom copper layers, creating a switch. This use in many situations is practical when only ON and OFF states are required. However, more research on the magneto-static responsive particles is needed. The work presented in this paper is further study on the characteristics of the particles and how they can be used for antenna design purposes, such as leaky wave antennas.
Using Student-Led Discussions and Snapshot Lectures to Stimulate Active Learning and Accountability: A Mixed Methods Study on Teaching an Implementation Science Course:

We theorized that integrating student-led class activities would foster accountability and active learning in a graduate-level public health implementation science course. We used mixed methods to ...
Editorial: Ein Blick auf die Digitalisierung der Bildung im Kontext ethischer, rechtlicher und sozialer Implikationen

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit der digitalen Transformation und wirft hierbei einen Blick auf die ethischen, rechtlichen und sozialen Implikationen (ELSI) die sich mit dem Einsatz digitaler Technologien in der Bildung verbinden. Um die Innovationspoten-ziale von Mixed-Reality und Kunstlicher Intelligenz in der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung nutzbar zu machen, wird im Beitrag fur einen konstruktiven Umgang mit den ethischen, rechtli-chen und sozialen Implikationen pladiert. Hierzu werden nach der Einleitung und einer kurzen Darstellung der Potenziale digitaler Technologien ausgewahlte ethische, rechtliche und soziale Implikationen diskutiert, um dann Ansatzpunkte und Empfehlungen fur einen reflektierten Um-gang mit den ELSI-Aspekten darzustellen. Schlusselworter: Digitale Transformation, Mixed Reality (MR), Kunstliche Intelligenz (KI), Learning Analytics (LA), Mensch-Technik-Interaktion (MTI), ELSI
Autonomous vehicles for micro-mobility

Autonomous vehicles have been envisioned for more than 100 years. One of the first suggestions was a front cover of Scientific America back in 1916. Today, it is possible to get cars that drive autonomously for extended distances. We are also starting to see micro-mobility solutions, such as the Nuro vehicles for pizza delivery. Building autonomous cars that can operate in urban environments with a diverse set of road-users is far from trivial. Early 2018 the Contextual Robotics Institute at UC San Diego launched an effort to build a full stack autonomous vehicle for micro-mobility. The motivations were diverse: i) development of a system for operation in an environment with many pedestrians, ii) design of a system that does not rely on dense maps (or HD-maps as they are sometimes named), iii) design strategies to build truly robust systems, and iv) a framework to educate next-generation engineers. In this paper, we present the research effort of design, prototyping, and evaluation of such a vehicle. From the evaluation, several research directions are explored to account for shortcomings. Lessons and issues for future work are additionally drawn from this work.
Crowdsourcing Indie Movies

Internet-centered technology developments are revolutionizing the ways in which movies can be made. The use of crowdsourcing to make indie movies is a possibility that has not yet been explored fully, although the use of crowdsourcing to raise money for artistic works is growing. Crowdsourcing can be used for every step of making a movie, increasing the range of collaboration available to creators and reducing capital requirements. The article uses a fictional account of a team of young moviemakers to explain how they can use crowdsourcing for each step of making their movie, considering what plans they should make for crowdsourcing, the available Web-based and software tools, and the business and legal issues that arise from that use of crowdsourcing. It concludes by identifying desirable technology developments and legal reform.
Isolation of ventral stream EEG sources using Steady State EEG and Independent Components Analysis

Abstract It has long been known that the ventral stream of the visual system contains discrete areas sensitive to object categories, including the Fusiform Face Area (FFA), the Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA) and the Lateral Occipital Complex (LOC). These areas have been well studied using fMRI, but the limited temporal resolution of fMRI has prevented investigation of the temporal dynamics of interactions between them. While event related potentials (ERPs) have high temporal resolution, their limited spatial resolution has hampered the isolation of signals from discrete ventral stream sources, especially non-face areas. Here we explore a possible solution to this problem using a combination of steady state EEG (SSEEG) and Independent Components Analysis (ICA). Our goal is to use ICA to generate a reliable set of spatial filters for ventral stream sources that can be used in ERP paradigms similarly to the way localizer scans are used in fMRI. SSEEG was recorded from 10 subjects while they viewed pictures of objects, faces, scenes, and scrambled objects flashing at a rate of 3.5 hz in a block design. The data for each subject were decomposed using ICA and the scalp distribution and spectral decomposition of each Independent Component (IC) was examined for each stimulus type. After removal of artifactual components, ICs were labeled as face-sensitive, object-sensitive, or scene-sensitive if 1) they showed an increase in power at 3.5 hz and 2) 3.5 hz power was selectively enhanced for a stimulus type. The vast majority of the category-sensitive components had postero-lateral scalp distributions as one would expect from ventral stream sources. All 10 subjects had face-sensitive ICs; object- and scene-sensitive ICs were each seen in 6 subjects. These data suggest that it is possible to isolate ventral stream sources of EEG. Future work will test the reliability and functional validity of category-sensitive ICs. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.
The degradation of l-lysine in guinea pig liver homogenate; formation of alpha-aminoadipic acid.

A summary of the little that is known of the metabolism of lysine in animals is as follows: it is indispensable in the diet, its α-amino group does not participate in reversible transamination reaction in vivo (2), neither the L nor D form is attacked by the appropriate amino acid oxidase, certain e-nitrogen-substituted derivatives can replace lysine in the diet and their α-amino groups are oxidized by amino acid oxidases (3, 4), no α-nitrogen-substituted derivatives yet prepared can substitute for lysine in the diet (4-6).
Performance assessment of optical CDMA systems based on wavelength-time codes from balanced incomplete block designs

A new family of unipolar wavelength-time codes with zero out-of-phase autocorrelation and maximum cross-correlation equal to one, based on balanced incomplete block design is proposed. The system performance is assessed in a realistic simulation environment taking into account multi-access interference, transmitter/receiver imperfections.
Theorem proving with the COQ proof assistant: tutorial presentation

The burgeoning complexity of software systems and our societal dependence on technology has brought safety and correctness assurance to the forefront of concerns in the software development industry. Current research trends indicate that various formal methods for establishing software correctness will (and in some cases, already have) make their way into mainstream practice. Indeed, formal verification is already an important part of hardware systems development in industry and academia. This presentation will introduce the Coq proof assistant[1], a tool for formal proof development whose use is becoming widespread in a variety of contexts related to software (and hardware) correctness and safety. We will discuss briefly the history and logical foundations of the Coq system and present the basic syntax for defining data types, expressing specifications, and implementing proofs (in a functional programming style). The Coq tactic language for semi-automated generation of proofs (hence its label 'proof assistant') will also be demonstrated as well as simple examples of inductive reasoning. We will wrap up with a discussion of possibilities for introducing the use of Coq or similar tools into the undergraduate curriculum.
Polymer-capped fiber-optic Raman probe for in-vivo non-invasive Raman tomography and spectroscopy

As advances in fiber optic probe design move Raman spectroscopy into the clinic, there remain important practical problems. Most in-vivo non-invasive applications employ specialized fiber optic probes. Much effort has been devoted to minimizing Raman and fluorescence background from fiber. Less attention has been paid to the need to generate reference Raman signals proportional to delivered laser power without direct measurement of tissue albedo. Knowledge of laser power is needed for quantification of changes in tissue composition. The need is especially acute in diffuse Raman tomography, where accurate modeling of light transport through the tissue is required for accurate reconstruction of subsurface features. We describe a fiber optic probe that incorporates a transparent polymer cap at the end of each excitation fiber. As laser light propagates through the cap it generates Raman bands whose intensity can directly measure power delivered to the tissue of interest. Our first implementation uses a fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP) cap that is attached to the ferrule at the distal (delivery) end of each excitation fiber. FEP is transparent and functions as a waveguide with only a small insertion loss, about 5%. Importantly, there are few overlaps between the Raman bands of FEP and the bands of tissue constituents. The cap increases the diameter of the structure in contact with the specimen, but with extensive photon diffusion this makes little difference in performance. We present here latest non-invasive bone spectroscopy results with the calibrator. In addition, extensive enhancement of the calibration signal using a fluorocarbon optical fiber is discussed.
Circadian variation in alloxan sensitivity of mice as indicated by mortality and blood glucose alteration.

The objective of this study was to determine in mice if a time-dependent pancreatic β-cell susceptibility to alloxan could be correlated to daily changes in blood glucose levels and to monitor the pattern of blood glucose at various times of day as mice became diabetic. Food was removed from mice standardized to a 12-h light:dark cycle (lights on at 0600 h CST, during the month of June) at 12 h before subcutaneous injection with 0.27 mg/g of alloxan. Six groups of 30 fasted mice were injected at 4-h intervals. Blood glucose levels were measured from each group immediately prior to injection, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 216 h after treatment. Animals receiving alloxan during the early- to middark period had an increase in blood glucose after 2 h, followed by a decline to hypoglycemic levels between 4 and 8 h, and recovery to hyperglycemic levels 48 h after alloxan exposure. Three and 30% of these animals were dead at 8 and 48 h, respectively. Mice treated during the midlight span had decreased blood gl...
Expression of the chicken transferrin gene in transgenic mice

Abstract The chicken transferrin gene was microinjected into the male pronucleus of fertilized mouse eggs, and the eggs were then implanted into foster mothers. Approximately 15%–30% of the offspring from the injected eggs carried chicken DNA sequences; restriction mapping indicated that multiple copies of the chicken gene had integrated into the genome in a tandem arrangement in most of the mice. Six of the seven mice studied expressed the chicken gene, and in five mice there was a 5 to 10 fold preferential expression of chicken transferrin mRNA in liver compared to that in other tissues. Chicken transferrin was secreted into the serum of five of the mice, where it reached steady state concentrations up to 67 μg/ml. Offspring from transgenic parents also expressed the chicken gene; in some cases the expression in offspring was very similar to the parent, but in one line expression in offspring had increased 2 to 4 fold.
Thermal response properties of the Earth's ionospheric plasma

The thermal response of the Earth's ionospheric plasma is calculated for various suddenly applied electron and ion heat sources. The time-dependent coupled electron and ion energy equations are solved by a semi-automatic computational scheme that employs Newton's method for coupled vector systems of non-linear parabolic (second order) partial differential equations in one spatial dimension. First, the electron and composite ion energy equations along a geomagnetic field line are solved with respect to a variety of ionospheric heat sources that include: thermal conduction in the daytime ionosphere; heating by electric fields acting perpendicular to the geomagnetic field line; and heating within a stable auroral red are (SAR-arc). The energy equations are then extended to resolve differential temperature profiles, first for two separate ion species (H+, O+) and then for four separate ion species (H+, He+, N+, O+) in addition to the electron temperature. The electron and individual ion temperatures are calculated for conditions within a night-time SAR-arc excited by heat flowing from the magnetosphere into the ionosphere, and also for typical midlatitude daytime ionospheric conditions. It is shown that in the lower ionosphere all ion species have the same temperature; however, in the topside ionosphere above about 400 km, ion species can display differential temperatures depending upon the balance between thermal conduction, heating by collision with electrons, cooling by collisions with the neutrals, and energy transfer by inter-ion collisions. Both the time evolution and steady-state distribution of such ion temperature differentials are discussed. The results show that below 300km both the electrons and ions respond rapidly (<30s) to variations in direct thermal forcing. Above 600 km the electrons and ions display quite different times to reach steady state, depending on the electron density: when the electron density is low the electrons reach steady state temperatures in 30 s, but typically require 700 s when the density is high; the ions, on the other hand, reach steady state in 700 s when the density is high, and 1500–2500 s when the density is low. Between 300 and 600 km, a variety of thermal structures can exist, depending upon the electron density and the type of thermal forcing; however steady state is generally reached in 200–1000 s.
Management of adenocarcinoma of prostate with diethylstilbestrol diphosphate and cyclophosphamide.

Abstract Eleven patients with terminal metastatic prostatic carcinoma were selected for a pilot study to evaluate how effective diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (Stilphostrol) and cylcophosphamide (Cytoxan) are in this disease. Six of 7 patients had a good response when treated with diethylstilbestrol diphosphate. The mean duration of response was 6.4 months. All 6 patients given cyclophosphamide had marked relief of pain and increased mobility. Of these, 3 died twelve, sixteen, and nineteen weeks, respetively, following initiation of therapy while still benefiting from pain relief. The mean duration of response was 14.8 weeks.
Using Peer Tutoring to Increase Social Interactions in Early Schooling.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of classwide peer tutoring (CWPT), a peer-mediated teaching approach, on the social interaction behavior of children who are English language learners and children who are native English speakers. Two second-grade classrooms from an elementary school were selected as the research setting. CWPT was the independent variable, and children's frequency of social interactions was the dependent variable. All children from the two settings were observed and videotaped during the study. Findings of this study indicated that CWPT was as effective for English language learners as it has been for native English speakers in shaping positive social interactions. In both groups, children engaged in very few negative behaviors. Questionnaires from the teachers and students indicated that both groups enjoyed the CWPT process, and they intended to continue using CWPT. The findings encourage teachers of English language students to implement CWPT regularly in their natural classroom settings. The results also indicate that the appropriate arrangement of learning environments is critical for children's social interactions. The opportunities provided for social interactions contribute significantly to the educational success of English language students despite their limited English proficiency.
Hybrid Faraday rotation spectrometer for sub-ppm detection of atmospheric O_2

Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) of O2 is performed at atmospheric conditions using a DFB diode laser and permanent rare-earth magnets. Polarization rotation is detected with a hybrid-FRS detection method that combines the advantages of two conventional approaches: balanced optical-detection and conventional FRS with an optimized analyzer offset angle for maximum sensitivity enhancement. A measurement precision of 0.6 ppmv·Hz-1/2 for atmospheric O2 has been achieved. The theoretical model of hybrid detection is described, and the calculated detection limits are in excellent agreement with experimental values.
Heat Budget of Tropical Ocean and Atmosphere

Abstract Heat budget estimates for the global tropics are derived from recent calculations of the oceanic heat budget and satellite measurements of net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. Annual mean heat export from the zone 30°N–30°S amounts to ∼101 × 1014 W (=100 units). Of this total 39 and 61 units are performed within the oceanic water body and the atmospheric column over sea and land, respectively. In the zone 0–10°N, to which the planetary cloud band (ITCZ) is essentially limited throughout the year, atmospheric heat export reaches only 13 units, as compared to an oceanic export of 18 units from the zone 0–10°S. In particular, oceanic export in the belt 0–5°S alone contributes 11 units which is 90% of the net radiative heat gain at the top of the atmosphere in this latitude zone. Accordingly, the atmospheric heat export from the realm of the ITCZ related to hot tower mechanisms seems to play a more, modest relative role in the global heat budget than heretofore believed. By comparison, oceanic...
Colonoscopy in rural communities.

To the Editor: The article by Drs. Edwards and Norris[1][1] in the September-October 2004 issue concluded that family physicians can provide safe and competent colonoscopy in a rural setting. Colonoscopy is increasingly being used as one of the screening options for colorectal cancer by many
THE VISUAL GRAMMAR OF SUFFERING Pia Lindman and the Performance of Grief

Pia Lindman is perhaps best known for her Public Sauna at P.S.1 in 2000, where she installed a working sauna in an artspace and invited the audience to join in the performance, defying the taboo of nudity in American culture and foregrounding the centrality of the human body in art. Like Public Sauna, her more recent work belongs in the tradition of minimalist and community-oriented art. Site-specific in nature, it concerns the relation of the body to public space in everyday life and the broader socio-political issues inscribed in those dynamics. Lindman provokes us to think about how everyday interactions with bodies, architecture, media, and public art affect our sense of self and our experience of social space. By drawing attention to how social interactions are themselves performative, her work also reveals the inherent performativity of making and experiencing art. Her recent New York Times demonstrates the tensions between human gestures of private suffering and the political motivations for monumentalizing personal grief. Lindman has performed New York Times in Mexico City, Tokyo, Helsinki, Vienna, Berlin, and most recently at Battery Park, the Vera List Center, and the Luxe Gallery in New York. The actual performance is the last step in a long and complex process of tracing out the mechanics of making and publicizing gestures of grief. Lindman begins by videotaping herself re-enacting some of the 600 photographs of Afghan, American, Iraqi, Sudanese, Palestinian, Israeli, Balinese bodies in pain collected from The New York Times from September 2002 to September 2003. She then sketches out her re-enactments (with particular attention to facial expressions and hand gestures) and shares this set of drawings with the audience at the beginning of each public performance. The drawings outline the bodily gestures of griev ing captured in the photographs, but are devoid of any feature that would indicate where the image comes from, or whom it depicts. By exhibiting her own sketches of her own re-enactments of the images of grief from The New York Times rather than those images themselves, Lindman demonstrates that gestures are not forms of pure expression but interpretations meant to frame information. On one occasion, Lindman begins her New York Times performance dressed in gray and carrying a gray flag to lead a group of spectators through Battery Park, stopping first in front of the National Museum of the American Indian. At the foot of the
Role of protease-activated and ADP receptor subtypes in thrombin generation on human platelets.

Summary. The activated platelet surface serves as an integral part of the prothrombinase complex upon activation by potent platelet agonists such as thrombin and collagen. We determined the receptor specificity through which thrombin was enhancing collagen-induced thrombin generation. Whereas SFLLRN or AYPGKF alone produced minimal thrombin generation or phosphatidylserine exposure through protease activated receptor (PAR) stimulation, they caused a leftward shift in the collagen-induced thrombin generation dose–response curve. Although SFLLRN or AYPGKF potentiated collagen-induced thrombin generation, neither of them potentiated to the same extent as thrombin. However, SFLLRN and AYPGKF together potentiated collagen-induced thrombin generation to the same extent as thrombin. We conclude that thrombin mediates its procoagulant activity through activation of both PAR1 and PAR4 receptors. Similarly, neither PAR1 nor PAR4 stimulation alone mimicked the annexin V-binding response caused by thrombin stimulation. The combination of PAR activating peptides caused minimal increases in annexin V binding, but caused significant thrombin generation, suggesting that events other than phosphatidylserine exposure may play a role in platelet prothrombinase complex formation. We also investigated the ability of ADP to potentiate agonist-induced thrombin generation. Whereas P2Y1 antagonism did not affect collagen or thrombin-induced thrombin generation, P2Y12 antagonism did decrease both collagen- and thrombin-induced thrombin generation, suggesting that ADP potentiates thrombin generation primarily through the P2Y12 receptor. Collectively, these results suggest that stimulation of both the PAR1 and PAR4 receptors are necessary for thrombin-induced procoagulant activity, and that the P2Y12 receptor, but not the P2Y1 receptor, is responsible for the potentiation of agonist-induced platelet procoagulant activity.
‘Aint I de Maine guy in dis paRade?’: towards a radical history of comic strips and their audience since Peterloo

Since the early nineteenth century, comics have been a medium for radical politics. This essay charts one line of history, from William Hone's pamphlets, to Jack Yeats' Chubblock Homes, Richard Felton Outcault's Yellow Kid, Art Young's socialist caricatures and Lynd Ward's early graphic novels. These satirical artists, among many others, have explored the latent political potency of a medium deliberately developed to appeal to an audience out of the cultural and political mainstream.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Knowledge of Evidence-Based Services Questionnaire.

Recent developments for disseminating and implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) have emphasized the importance of increasing therapists’ knowledge of such techniques. However, systematic efforts to measure knowledge in therapists serving youth have mostly relied on poorly researched study-specific measures. This study investigated the structure of EBP knowledge in a large sample of youth community therapists (N = 240) via a therapist report instrument emphasizing therapeutic commonalities across various types of treatment approaches. Findings supported a three-factor structure of knowledge with scores on factors varying by therapists’ primary practice setting and education level. The relationships between therapist knowledge of and attitudes towards EBPs are also discussed.
5-Methylcytosine localised in mammalian constitutive heterochromatin

DEOXY-5-METHYLCYTIDYLIC acid (5-MeC) is an almost universal, although minor component of DNA in plants and animals. It makes up 4–7% of the bases in plants1, no more than 1.5% of the bases in the mouse2 and even less in the human3. 5-MeC itself is not incorporated directly into DNA. Instead, specific deoxycytidylic acid residues in preformed DNA are methylated enzymatically by a highly specific DNA methylase, which transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine to specific sites in DNA4. In the mouse, as in other mammals, virtually all of the 5-MeC is in the 5-MeCpG doublet5, which is distributed non-randomly in the DNA. Mouse satellite DNA contains about 3% 5-MeC in comparison to about 1.3% in main band DNA2 amd is located at the centromeric end of nearly every chromosome6.
DEGREES OF DISENCHANTMENT: A REVIEW ESSAY

In this review essay, Mark Brenneman and Frank Margonis address three recent book-length contributions to the ongoing discussion around cosmopolitanism and educational thought: Mark Olssen's Liberalism, Neoliberalism, Social Democracy: Thin Communitarian Perspectives on Political Philosophy and Education, Sharon Todd's Toward an Imperfect Education: Facing Humanity, Rethinking Cosmopolitanism, and Ilan Gur-Ze’ev's Beyond the Modern-Postmodern Struggle in Education: Toward Counter-Education and Enduring Improvisation. Brenneman and Margonis argue that these contributions exhibit a marked disenchantment with Enlightenment conceptions of human possibilities as these inform concrete recommendations in the field of the philosophy of education. All three books call for a rethinking of modernist categories in educational thought, a call that is supported by the authors' respective distrust and ultimate disenchantment with the residual presence of ideas of human perfectibility harbored in the philosophical categories that animate discussions in multicultural, liberal, neoliberal, and postmodern educational discussion. Brenneman and Margonis argue that each of these books theorizes from its own respective regionally specific circumstances, and they therefore prove valuable to philosophers of education who struggle toward their own local responses to human difference and the pedagogical possibilities of educational relations.
Evaluation of microlysimeters used in turfgrass evapotranspiration studies using the dual-probe heat-pulse technique

Microlysimeters (ML) are commonly used in turfgrass evapotranspiration (ET) studies. No standard exists for ML, which has resulted in multiple designs that may affect soil moisture. The effects of ML design on volumetric soil water content (θ v ) were investigated with the dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) technique. DPHP sensors were installed at 5, 15, and 25 cm in the ambient soil profile and in three designs of ML: (i) 15-cm diam. by 30-cm, mesh base, soil fill (MSL); (ii) 15-cm diam. by 30-cm, Plexiglass base (one drainage hole), soil fill (PSL); 3) 10-cm diam. by 20-cm, mesh base, soil (intact cores) (MSNL). Sleeves and a 5-cm layer of gravel were placed in MSL and PSL. DPHP estimates of θ Y revealed that soils consistently dried faster in MSL and PSL than in the ambient profile, probably because of higher leaf area index (LAI) and biomass in MSL and PSL than in surrounding turf, limitations of roots to extract soil water only from mL, and evaporation through open bases. In MSNL, θ v was similar to but may have been in hydraulic contact with ambient soils. The correlation was good between θ y determined by DPHP and θ v determined by gravimetric methods; DPHP sensors on average (all ML) measured θ v to within 0.025 m 3 m -3 of gravimetric estimates. ET estimates varied significantly among ML and were strongly correlated to LAI and aboveground biomass (r = 0.85). Results suggest that establishment-maintenance of similar LAI and biomass between ML and surrounding turf may be more important than ML design in providing accurate ET estimates, and bases should be sealed during ET measurements to prevent hydraulic contact with soil, drainage, or evaporation through bases.
A time-critical information diffusion model in vehicle ad hoc networks

The diffusion of time-critical information, like traffic alert messages, is critical and challenging in Vehicle Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). It is critical because lives of people on the road are at stake and is challenging due to a combination of highly dynamic mobility patterns, which result in rapidly changing network topologies, combined with the fast movement of vehicles and highly dynamic traffic patterns. Flooding-based alert diffusion among vehicles has a strong similarity with diffusion of a new product among people. Applying a diffusion model to alert messages enables the dissemination modeling of the alert messages among vehicles, and thus opening an opportunity to adopt appropriate strategies to recovery from the traffic accidents. In this paper, a diffusion model is developed for a flooding-based alert message diffusion algorithm and the diffusion speed is explored. The fact that information value (or importance) is decreasing with time and distance, is also considered in the proposed model. We analytically investigate the impact parameters on time-critical information diffusion by mapping to the classic BASS diffusion model [1, 2]. The analytical model allows the evaluation at runtime and enables vehicles to dynamically adapt their diffusion strategies depending on the local node density.
A profile of military veterans in the southwestern United States who use complementary and alternative medicine: implications for integrated care.

Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and expenditures are on the rise in the United States. Although civilian users of CAM have been well described, little is known about military veteran users of CAM. Objective To describe military veteran CAM users in the southwestern United States. Methods The study population comprised 508 military veterans randomly selected from Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System (Tucson) primary care patient lists, who had agreed to participate in a telephone interview. The χ 2 test was used to analyze CAM use by demographic characteristics, military service, military-related health outcomes, and physician-diagnosed health complaints. Logistic regression was used to determine predictor variables. Results Of the 508 subjects, 252 (49.6%) reported CAM use. Military veteran CAM users were significantly more likely to be non-Hispanic white, earn more than $50 000 per year (both P P P Conclusions Ethnicity, education, income, and several chronic health complaints are consistent with civilian CAM use. Findings also suggest, however, that physicians providing conventional medical care need to be aware of experiences unique to CAM-using military veterans.
A Generalized Cross-Shear Wear Algorithm Based on a Novel Modification to Archard’s Law

Archard’s Law [1] has been used extensively for computer simulation of UHMWPE wear in hip [2], knee [3], and disc replacements [4]. It is widely accepted that cross-shear motion increases wear, and models have been proposed to account for this effect [5]. Most of the cross-shear models described previously were designed to work for a specific joint or the models break down under some kinematic conditions [6]. The purpose of the current study was to develop a completely general cross-shear wear algorithm applicable to any geometry or sliding conditions. The proposed algorithm was based on a modified form of Archard’s Law and was implemented in an explicit dynamic finite element framework for validation against experimental wear data reported in the literature.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
An improved semi-implicit runge-kutta method for stiff systems

Abstract An improvement of the semi-implicit Runge-Kutta method is presented. The new formulation achieves close fitting of the characteristic root of the diffe efficient as it requires only one inversion at each step. Numerical results are given for the simulation of a stiff system of reaction equations and a
A program for simulated rodent surgical training

For the inexperienced individual, learning surgical techniques can be taxing. The authors developed a rodent surgery dry lab training program to assist educational and research institutions in providing low-stress training for basic surgical techniques using handmade, cost-effective simulation models. The program not only helps students develop essential skills in basic surgery, but also fulfills the mandate of the 3Rs by allowing students to repeatedly practice and refine their skills on models rather than live animals. This type of training is a valuable tool in bridging the gap between computer training and training with live animals.
Information density, cellular immunity and transfer factor.

Abstract The problem of enzymatic and immunological specificity is considered as a question of recognition of 3-dimensional structure from the standpoint of information content and information density of a molecule. The implication of this model for chemical evolution is given. The idea that a double stranded RNA molecule cannot function as transfer factor (TF) is developed and a model for the formation of TF is suggested.
Gain, Bandwidth and Noise in a Cavity-type Parametric Amplifier using an Electron Beam†

Abstract A modulated electron beam flowing across the gap of a resonant cavity can change the gap capacitance at the modulating frequency, thus producing the variable capacitance needed for a parametric amplifier. Such a beam-type parametric amplifier has boon proposed independently by the authors and by T. J. Bridges and has been constructed by Bridges. This paper presents an investigation of the gain, bandwidth, and noise figure which can be expected. It shows that complete cancellation simultaneously of the two uncorrelated noise sources in the electron beam, while feasible in principle, is virtually impossible in practice. The conflicting requirements of large beam current for acceptable capacitance variation and large plasma wavelength for optimum noise cancellation lend to practical minimum noise figures in the vicinity of 3 dB. A design example is worked out for an amplifier with pump frequency at 2000 Mc/s amplifying at 500 Me/s with a gain of about 15 dn. The resulting bandwidth is 4.3 kc/s. A no...
Resourceable, retargetable, modular instruction selection using a machine-independent, type-based tiling of low-level intermediate code

We present a novel variation on the standard technique of selecting instructions by tiling an intermediate-code tree. Typical compilers use a different set of tiles for every target machine. By analyzing a formal model of machine-level computation, we have developed a single set of tiles that is machine-independent while retaining the expressive power of machine code. Using this tileset, we reduce the number of tilers required from one per machine to one per architectural family (e.g., register architecture or stack architecture). Because the tiler is the part of the instruction selector that is most difficult to reason about, our technique makes it possible to retarget an instruction selector with significantly less effort than standard techniques. Retargeting effort is further reduced by applying an earlier result which generates the machine-dependent implementation of our tileset automatically from a declarative description of instructions' semantics. Our design has the additional benefit of enabling modular reasoning about three aspects of code generation that are not typically separated: the semantics of the compiler's intermediate representation, the semantics of the target instruction set, and the techniques needed to generate good target code.
Multiple-Indicator, Multiple-Cause Models for a Single Latent Variable with Ordinal Indicators

A MIMIC model is developed that contains a one-dimensional latent variable measured by ordinal indicators. The latent variable can be either discrete and ordered or continuous. Parameters for both the measurement and structural components of the model are estimated simultaneously using the EM algorithm. An example of a sociological application is presented.
Test and performance of a BGO Compton-suppression shield for GAMMASPHERE

Abstract Bismuth germanate (BGO) Compton-suppresion shields have been constructed to surround the Ge detectors of the GAMMASPHERE array. A shield consists of six hexagonal tapered BGO elements, each coupled to two 1-in. × 1-in. photomultiplier tubes. In addition, a cylindrical BGO detector is placed behind the Ge detector to intercept the forward scattered γ-rays. One hundred ten such shields are planned for the GAMMASPHERE array. Procedures for measuring the performance of these shields have been developed. Large (70%) Ge detectors when used with these shields give a peak-to-total ratio of better than 0.60. To date 85 shields have been tested and approved for use in GAMMASPHERE.
Design of a decomposed model for assessment of a utility measure on sulphur dioxide air pollution

Abstract The task of assessing a utility function on sulphur dioxide air pollution arises in many studies where the approach of Bayesian decision analysis is applied to problems of environmental impact. A special decomposition of this task is presented which places the emphasis on relating SO2 air pollution to its directly measurable effects. Practical methodological problems are discussed by means of a specific consideration of the effect of SO2 on mortality rates. These problems are generalized to the wider aspects of implementing Bayesian decision analysis in public policy formulation and planning.
How student and parent goal orientations and classroom goal structures influence the math achievement of African Americans during the high school transition

This study examined the effects of student and parent goal orientations and perceived classroom goal structures on grades and self-efficacy in mathematics during the high school transition. From a sample of 50 African American families living in a low-income school district, student survey data and open-ended parent interviews were examined. There were three significant findings. First, students who espoused more mastery goals in high school mathematics experienced more positive changes in self-efficacy and grades in mathematics during the high school transition than did their peers. Second, students who perceived more mastery and less performance goal structures in their high school math classrooms experienced more positive changes in mathematics self-efficacy during the transition than did their peers. Third, adolescents whose parents espoused mastery goals had higher grades than did their peers whose parents did not espouse mastery goals. Results indicate that mastery goals may be more influential in determining achievement and motivation in mathematics for African American students than are performance goals during the high school transition.
Meningioma presenting as an acute subdural hematoma

Most subdural hematomas occur as a sequel of trauma. Non-traumatic subdural hematomas may be found in patients with ruptured aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, dural arteriovenous fistula, amyloid angiopathy, renal insufficiency, and cocaine abuse. Hypervascular primary and metastatic tumors may also present with subdural hematomas. We present the MR imaging features in a patient who presented with an acute subdural hematoma presumably caused by an underlying meningioma.
The importance of message framing for providing information about sustainability and environmental aspects of energy

With a looming energy crisis, energy conservation and attention to environmental problems are warranted. The transport sector experiences great challenges to introduce more environmental friendly renewable energy like biofuels. The majority of the Belgian people are asking for more information about this issue. Because individuals are sensitive to how information is presented, the choice of the message frame can significantly influence attitudes and behavioural intention. Because of the strengthening effect on both concern and PCE, our findings suggest that for the prevention of energy and environmental problems and the promotion of a more sustainable and environmental friendly energy consumption not the gravity of these problems and the possible disadvantages but the possibilities to overcome these problems (e.g. reduction of energy use, environmental friendly energy sources) have to be stressed. Men, higher educated people, people between 35 and 54 years old and people with the most pro-environmental attitude are less affected by the message frame, while the choice of the frame is more important when addressing women, people younger than 35 and older than 55 years, lower educated and less pro-environmental people.
Variants in the HEPSIN gene are associated with prostate cancer in men of European origin

There is considerable evidence that genetic factors are involved in prostate cancer susceptibility. We have studied the association of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HEPSIN gene (HPN) with prostate cancer in men of European ancestry. HPN is a likely candidate in prostate cancer susceptibility, as it encodes a transmembrane cell surface serum protease, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer; HPN is also located on 19q11–q13.2, where linkage is found with prostate cancer susceptibility. In this case-control association study (590 men with histologically verified prostate cancer and 576 unrelated controls, all of European descent), we find significant allele frequency differences between cases and controls at five SNPs that are located contiguously within the gene. A major 11-locus haplotype is significantly associated, which provides further support that HPN is a potentially important candidate gene involved in prostate cancer susceptibility. Association of one of the SNPs with Gleason score is also suggestive of a plausible role of HPN in tumor aggressiveness.