cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wild flies hedge their thermal preference bets in response to seasonal fluctuations

Fluctuating environmental pressures can challenge organisms by repeatedly shifting the optimum phenotype. Two contrasting evolutionary strategies to cope with these fluctuations are 1) evolution of the mean phenotype to follow the optimum (adaptive tracking) or 2) diversifying phenotypes so that at least some individuals have high fitness in the current fluctuation (bet-hedging). Bet-hedging could underlie stable differences in the behavior of individuals that are present even when genotype and environment are held constant. Instead of being simply ‘noise,’ behavioral variation across individuals may reflect an evolutionary strategy of phenotype diversification. Using geographically diverse wild-derived fly strains and high-throughput assays of individual preference, we tested whether thermal preference variation in Drosophila melanogaster could reflect a bet-hedging strategy. We also looked for evidence that populations from different regions differentially adopt bet-hedging or adaptive-tracking strategies. Computational modeling predicted regional differences in the relative advantage of bet-hedging, and we found patterns consistent with that in regional variation in thermal preference heritability. In addition, we found that temporal patterns in mean preference support bet-hedging predictions and that there is a genetic basis for thermal preference variability. Our empirical results point to bet-hedging in thermal preference as a potentially important evolutionary strategy in wild populations.
Radical Response That Challenges the Status Quo

A requisite part of testimonio research is a call to action. This chapter foregrounds the radical response our testimonalistas’ experiences ask of us. We explore how we might name and interrogate the mono-mainstream assumption through our pursuit of complex truth(s) of literacies and languaging from a critical sociocultural perspective, in light of the many “turns” in literacy and language education. Next, we center the place of armed love in this pursuit and describe how our collective practices through reflexivity, research, pedagogy, and policy might work toward our unfinished attempts at transformative justice.
Moments of Student's t-distribution: A Unified Approach

In this paper, we derive the closed form formulae for moments of Student's t-distribution in the one dimensional case as well as in higher dimensions through a unified probability framework. Interestingly, the closed form expressions for the moments of Student's t-distribution can be written in terms of the familiar Gamma function, Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function, and the hypergeometric function.
Impacts of aerosol nuclei on amine emissions

Amine emissions are an environmental and economic concern for CO2 capture by amine scrubbing. Aerosol nuclei, including hydrolyzed SO3 and fly ash, can lead to amine aerosol emissions. Aerosol grows by collecting water and amine while passing through the absorber column; current mitigation techniques are ineffective at capturing the aerosol prior to atmospheric release. This work measures the varying impacts of aerosol nuclei on amine emissions at multiple pilot plants. Aerosol emissions were quantified by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). MEA emissions were measured in the Slipstream Solvent Test Unit (SSTU) at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC). The effect of baghouse pretreatment of the inlet flue gas on the aerosol emissions was observed by FTIR and Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI); these tests were performed before and after the installation of a pulsed-jet baghouse designed for flue gas mercury control. The baghouse resulted in a ten-fold reduction of amine aerosol emissions, due to the collection of SO3 aerosol nuclei, probably on injected Ca(OH)2. This emissions reduction was due to a decrease in the inlet SO3 content from a max of 9 ppm to 0.5 ppm. FTIR sampling was used to quantify this emissions reduction. PDI analysis confirmed the absence of aerosol at diameters greater than 0.1 μm. Aerosol generation was performed through the injection of sulfur trioxide into the process inlet at the University of Texas Separations Research Program (UT-SRP) Pilot Plant. SO3 was generated by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in air over a heated vanadium pentoxide catalyst bed. The 8% SO2/Air mix was fed at flow rates up to 6 liters per minute, and resulted in up to 110 ppm of SO3 at the absorber inlet. The generator converted an average of 94 % SO2 into SO3, with production rates up to 1.7 grams per minute of SO3. The injected aerosol was allowed to grow within the absorber and water wash. SO3 was found to increase PZ emissions by up to 7.6 mol PZ per mol SO3. Increasing inlet SO3 correlated with increasing PZ emissions.
A Case of Argyria and Acute Leukopenia Associated with the Use of an Antimicrobial Soft Silicone Foam Dressing

Silver has had an important role in preventing burn-related infections for decades. Relatively few side effects is one factor that has led to its wide spread use. Here, the authors present the first case of argyria, acute leukopenia, and possibly acute kidney injury associated with the use of a silver-containing soft silicone foam dressing. A 56-year-old female was transferred to the burn center with an exfoliating skin condition involving 70% TBSA diagnosed as toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. On presentation she appeared to have clinical sepsis and was started on vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Clinical sepsis resolved within several days. Initial wound care consisted of daily topical double antibiotic and 3% bismuth tribromophenate petroleum gauze. After several days, the wounds were covered with a silver-containing soft silicone foam dressing. After 7 days, the leukocyte count declined from 18,000 to 600/cm. Silver toxicity was suspected and the dressings removed. Initial serum silver level was 190 and 249 μg/L 1 week later. The leukocyte level normalized within 7 days. Over the following days and weeks, the patient's skin began to show blue-gray coloration consistent with argyria. The patient subsequently developed acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis and multiple organ failure. Although controversy exists about the causal relationship between silver-containing dressings and leukopenia, the authors believe that this case represents a case of acute leukopenia and argyria from the use of a silver-containing soft silicone foam dressing. It may have been a contributing factor to the development of acute kidney injury as well.
The Myth of Spiro Agnew's “Nattering Nabobs of Negativism”

In books, trade publications and newspaper articles, journalists often report that former Vice President Spiro T. Agnew described journalists as “nattering nabobs of negativism.” That journalistic ...
Environmental Disasters, Natural Recovery and Human Responses

Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Natural disturbances - synergistic interactions with humans 3. Infertile and unstable habitats 4. Infertile and stable habitats 5. Fertile and unstable habitats 6. Fertile and stable habitats 7. The lessons learned Glossary Illustration credits Further reading Index.
Measuring competitive costs in non-ferrous metal production: The case of aluminium

Abstract In recent years, production of non-ferrous metals has been shifting toward LDCs as low dollar denominated commodity prices have made producers in the USA and other industrial countries uneconomic. Taking the case of aluminium, this study uses a worldwide cost model to estimate costs on a standardized US price and LDC price basis. It shows that on such a standardized basis, US production costs are as low or lower than costs in the LDCs, suggesting that the current competitive advantage of the LDCs is a matter of exchange rates.
The Effects of a Static and Dynamic Balance-Training Program in Female Volleyball Players

The Effects of a Static and Dynamic Balance-Training Program in Female Volleyball Players Acute ankle injuries are prevalent in female volleyball players. Despite relatively mild severity and time away from sport, most individuals will experience recurrent sprains. Based on the high incidence rate of ankle injuries in female volleyball players, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week static and dynamic balance training program on self-reported disability and functional reach.
Measuring internal forces of redundant structures

Certain guidelines were formulated for conducting mechanical and electronic design, calibration and installation of steel or aluminum transducers, which may be utilized to monitor internal forces in selected elements of a redundant structure, directly and independently, without a need for analysis. Two different transducers are discussed as examples. These were implemented in reinforced-concrete test structures at U.C. Berkeley, and revealed significant information regarding actual force responses. It is assessed that this information could not have been analytically predicted or experimentally measured in any other manner. Possible practical applications of such force transducers, in addition to their potential in experimental research, are suggested.
Histopathological Features of the Terminal Ileum in Lymphocytic and Collagenous Colitis: A Study of 32 Cases and Review of Literature

Biopsy specimens from the terminal ileum of 32 patients with the histopathological diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis or collagenous colitis and 11 control individuals were evaluated for the presence or absence of ileal mucosal abnormalities and for the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, assessed by immunohistochemical stains for the pan T-cell marker, CD3. We found that the mean CD3 counts in patients with lymphocytic/collagenous colitis were significantly higher than those in the control group. Seven of 14 patients with collagenous colitis and 14 of 18 patients with lymphocytic colitis revealed an increase in intraepithelial T lymphocytes when compared with the control group (P = .001). Other notable changes included ileal villous atrophy in one case of lymphocytic colitis and in three cases of collagenous colitis and epithelial damage with thickened subepithelial collagen in two cases of collagenous colitis.
Nonclassical Franck-Condon processes

Abstract Franck-Condon factors govern many important molecular processes, including electronic spectroscopy and radiationless transitions. A better understanding of the propensities for exciting various kinds of motion in nonclassical, nonvertical transitions is necessary to attach the right significance to certain experiments. Picosecond and femtosecond laser pulse experiments in the wings of absorption bands are possible which may reveal some of the new effects discussed here.
Martian lake basins and lacustrine plains

Outflow channels and valley systems are evidence of water flow on the surface of Mars. Whenever there is a consequent flow of water on an irregular surface, temporary impoundment in surface depressions will form lakes. A classification of martian lake basins based on the location of the basin in respect to water sources is proposed. The classes are Type 1: Valley-head basins, Type 2: Intravalley basins, Type 3: Valley-terminal basins, and Type 4: Isolated basins. Martian lakes are ephemeral features. Many craters and irregular depressions impounded water only until the basins filled and overflowed. Water escaping by spillover rapidly cut crevasses in the downstream side of basins and drained the ponds. Clastic lacustrine sediments collected in the lakes as flowing water lost velocity and turbulence. Evaporitic deposits may be significant in those basins that were not rapidly drained. Sediments deposited in lake basins form smooth, featureless plains. Lacustrine plains are potentially candidate sites for Mars landings and for the search for evidence of ancient life.
Specular surface reconstruction from multi-angle interrogation (SRMI) using a piston-array-based transducer for enhanced bone delineation

Bone surface detectability with ultrasound is limited due to several factors including off-axis reflection artifacts and low sensitivity to bone surfaces that are not perpendicular to the central axis of the transducer. To address these limitations, a technique termed specular surface reconstruction from multi-angle interrogation (SRMI) was investigated. The SRMI approach uses an array of individual mechanically sector-scanned pistons with overlapping fields of view. Simulations were performed in FIELD II to characterize the angular sensitivity to specular surfaces with varying sectorscan angular span and with comparison to a representative linear array-based spatial compounding technique. The SRMI approach was tested experimentally in an ex vivo, fractured, porcine rib bone embedded in tissue-mimicking phantom material. The SRMI approach with piston-array-based transducer produced several advantages over standard B-mode imaging including generally higher SNR gains with compounding than is readily achieved using a linear array - e.g. √6 versus √3.2. At fixed imaging depth, angular sensitivity improved by approximately 10 degrees with increased sector-scan angular span of 100 degrees versus 40 degrees. The SRMI approach avoids grating lobes typical of linear arrays, and thus provides an inherent advantage for bone imaging. Experimentally, the SRMI approach yielded enhanced bone delineation compared with a single aperture sector scan (6.7 dB contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvement).
Water Net— A computerized design aid

Water Net makes it possible to perform hydraulic analyses with ease. The complexity of the system to be analyzed is limited only by the user's imagination and the capacity of the computer being used. The user need not have been trained in computer programing.
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Left ventricular apical pseudoaneurysm: echocardiographic and intraoperative findings

A 57-year-old man with a history of hypertension and tobacco use was emergently transferred to our facility for management of a myocardial rupture. Three weeks before transfer, the patient had experienced an episode of chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, and near syncope. After evaluation at an outside facility, the patient was sent home with a provisional diagnosis of pleurisy. Blood cultures drawn at that time later grew peptostreptococcus , and the patient was admitted to an outside hospital for intravenous antibiotics. An …
Generation of fluorescent silver nanoclusters in reverse micelles using gamma irradiation: low vs. high dosages and spectral evolution with time

Reverse micelles (RMs) containing aqueous solutions of Ag ? ions in their core produce fluorescent Ag nanoclusters (NCs), upon exposure to gamma irradiation. The fluorescence spectra of the NCs evolve over days to weeks after the exposure, and usually show large increases in intensity. Responses of as high as 2.8 9 10 4 CPS/Gy were reached. A dosage as low as 0.5 Gy (10 % of the lethal dosage for humans) produces NCs having fluores- cence intensities higher than background. The RMs can be employed in novel gamma radiation detectors with appearance of fluorescence indicating that radiation was once present. In applications involving detection and tracking of fissile materials, the evolution of the fluores- cence spectra over time may provide additional informa- tion about the radiation source. A two-phase liquid system is used for RM formation in a simple procedure. It is likely that this synthesis method may be adapted to produce NCs from other metal ions.
Chemical analyses of soils and oak tree tissues from two forest habitats in Pennsylvania differing in their sensitivity to acid precipitation

Abstract In this study we report the soil chemical analyses and the elemental contents of fine roots and foliage of red oak (Quereus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) from two forest habitats in eastern Pennsylvania differing in their sensitivity to acidic deposition. The acidic soils of Pocono Mountains (pH range 3.7–4.2), compared to those of the Lehigh Valley (pH range 5.6–6.3), contained higher concentrations of iron, manganese and nearly double the amount of aluminum, but lower amounts of essential plant elements, namely calcium and magnesium. The Pocono soils were found to be enriched in available nitrogen and organic matter. Fine root analysis data revealed that the roots of oaks growing in acid‐stressed Pocono soils contained a marked decreased quantity of potassium, calcium, iron and aluminum, and an elevated amount of manganese. Except for manganese, no substantial differences in elemental contents of the oak foliage between the Pocono and Lehigh Valley environments could be detected.
Aggressive management leads to improved survival in patients with small cell lung carcinoma.

Background Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for 17–25% of all cases of lung cancer, and remains the most lethal form of this disease.
Value of Board Certification in the Hospital Setting: A Survey of Academic and Nonacademic Medical Centers

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the current attitudes toward pharmacist specialty board certification in an array of hospital practice settings as perceived by directors of pharmacy (DOP) and to identify incentives available to pharmacists to become board certified.Methods: A seven-question survey was developed that assessed demographic information along with information regarding overall value of board certification in the view of the institution. The types of incentives provided to become a board-certified pharmacist were also evaluated. The survey was administered via the Internet to 295 DOPs within two large listserves, the University HealthSystem Consortium and Pharmacy Systems, Inc. Responses were collected for a total of 4 weeks, with a reminder e-mail sent 2 weeks after survey distribution to encourage survey completion.Results: A total of 85 DOPs completed the survey. Academic institutions (AIs) had a higher percentage of board-certified pharmacists versus nonacademic institutions (N...
Benzo[f]isoindole analogs II. Thieno[3,4-b]quinoxaline

The transient existence of thieno[3,4-b]quinoxaline (2d) as a product of dehydration of 1,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]quinoxaline 2-oxide (5) was demonstrated by trapping experiments with N-phenylmaleimide and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. Attempts to isolate 2d from reaction mixtures arising from dehydration of 5 and from dehydrogenation of 1,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b]quinoxaline (8) were unsuccessful.
Parallel architectures for computing cyclic convolutions

In the paper two parallel architectural structures are developed to compute one-dimensional cyclic convolutions. The first structure is based on the Chinese remainder theorem and Kung's pipelined array. The second structure is a direct mapping from the mathematical definition of a cyclic convolution to a computational architecture. To compute a d-point cyclic convolution the first structure needs d/2 inner product cells, while the second structure and Kung's linear array require d cells. However, to compute a cyclic convolution, the second structure requires less time than both the first structure and Kung's linear array. Another application of the second structure is to multiply a Toeplitz matrix by a vector. A table is listed to compare these two structures and Kung's linear array. Both structures are simple and regular and are therefore suitable for VLSI implementation.
Association of hereditary cataracts in strain guinea-pigs with mutation of the gene for ζ-crystallin

Abstract Congenital nuclear cataracts transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene are present in a line of strain 13 N guinea-pigs. Studies on the lens proteins from these animals demonstrate changes in both the composition and structure of the crystallins relative to normal controls. The most prominent difference is in the ζ-crystallin, a taxon-specific crystallin which has been shown to be related to the alcohol dehydrogenases. In animals homozygous for the cataract phenotype the normal ζ-crystallin polypeptide is absent from the lens. Quantitation is difficult in the cataractous lenses from heterozygotes because of protein changes secondary to opacification: however in liver and kidney which have catalytic levels of the protein, the concentrations are approximately half that present in tissue from normal control animals. These findings suggest that in the cataractous animals a mutation has occurred in the gene for ζ-crystallin. In addition, a novel protein which is very similar to ζ-crystallin is synthesized only in the lenses of animals with cataract. This protein appears to be the product of the mutant gene for ζ-crystallin. These data support the hypothesis that this hereditary congenital cataract results from a specific mutation in the ζ-crystallin gene.
Identification of aniline as an air pollutant through biological assay with loblolly pine

Abstract Investigation of death and injury to pine trees near Raleigh, North Carolina, points to air pollution, with aniline being the most likely causal agent. About 50% of the pine trees in the area were sensitive and responded with one or both of two syndromes, characterised by needle necrosis and needle abscission. Other species appeared to be more tolerant of the injurious agent. A combination of field and controlled exposures allowed four primary conclusions. First, development of injury symptoms could be delayed for several weeks after an exposure either in the field or in chambers under greenhouse conditions. This delay depended on the time of year and/or the dormant or active physiological condition of the plant, and indicated that the toxic effects might have been cumulative. Secondly, the needles on susceptible trees were injured, but the tree remained alive and new needles were formed. However, repeated defoliation resulted in mortality. Thirdly, under greenhouse conditions, genotypes of loblolly pine known to be sensitive or resistant from field trials responded to aniline with the same selectivity, that is to a degree predictable from field observations. Exposures of loblolly pine to other chemicals present in the affected area (biphenyl, toluene, xylene, acetic acid, acetic anhydride and nitrobenzene) either did not produce a response or did not show appropriate genetic selectivity in their effects. Fourthly, trees found to be resistant or sensitive to aniline in greenhouse exposures responded also with the expected genetic specificity in subsequent field exposures. Analyses of the ambient air show intermittent concentrations of aniline in the same order of magnitude as those that induced damage in experimental fumigations.
Mycobacterial disease associated with HIV infection

Mycobacterial disease is a major part of the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) associated with HIV infection.Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) andMycobacterium tuberculosis are the most common mycobacterial pathogens afflicting HIV-positive patients. Infection with MAI tends to be an OI of advanced AIDS, and the results of treatment are frequently unsatisfactory.M. tuberculosis tends to attack patients much earlier in the course of their HIV disease, responds to standard treatment, and is the most contagious of the life-threatening HIV-related pathogens. This article provides concise information about the management of mycobacteriosis in the context of HIV infection. It is directed especially at primary care physicians. Emphasis is on clinical manifestation, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.
Linewidth reduction of site-controlled InGaN quantum dots by surface passivation

Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) semiconductor quantum dots are an attractive candidate for scalable room temperature quantum photonics applications owing to their large exciton binding energy and large oscillation strength. Previously, we reported single photon emission from site-controlled InGaN quantum dot structures. However, large homogeneous linewidth and significant non-radiative recombination were thought to be linked to the nearby surface charge centers. These charge centers can lead to spectral diffusion and excessive non-radiative recombinations at high temperature. In this work, ammonium sulfide passivation was investigated. Nitrogen vacancies were successfully passivated by ammonium sulfide ((NH 4 ) 2 S x ) treatment, and the emission linewidth of a single quantum dot was reduced by 5 meV. Furthermore, the linewidth broadening with an increasing temperature was suppressed in the temperature range from 9 K to 95 K in this study. Satellite emission peak believed to be associated with the nitrogen vacancy was observed for un-passivated quantum dots. The satellite peak was 55 ~ 80 meV away from the main InGaN emission peak and was eliminated after sulfide passivation.
Assessing the registration of CT-scan data to intraoperative x rays by fusing x rays and preoperative information

This paper addresses a key issue of providing clinicians with visual feedback to validate a computer-generated registration of pre-operative and intra-operative data. With this feedback information, the clinician may decide to proceed with a computer-assisted intervention, revert to a manual intervention, or potentially provide information to the computer system to improve the registration. The paper focuses on total hip replacement (THR) surgery, but similar techniques could be applied to other types of interventions or therapy, including orthopedics, neurosurgery, and radiation therapy. Pre-operative CT data is used to plane the surgery (select an implant type, size and precise position), and is registered to intra-operative X-ray images, allowing to execute the plan: mill a cavity with the implant's shape. (Intra-operative X-ray images must be calibrated with respect to the surgical device executing the plan). One novel technique presented in this paper consists of simulating a post-operative X-ray image of the tissue of interest before doing the procedure, by projecting the registered implant onto an intra-operative X- ray image (corrected for distortion or not), providing clinicians with familiar and easy to interpret images. As an additional benefit, this method provides new means for comparing various strategies for registering pre-operative data to the physical space of the operating room.
Analyzing the costs to deliver medication therapy management services.

Abstract Objectives To provide pharmacy managers and consultant pharmacists with a step-by-step approach for analyzing of the costs of delivering medication therapy management (MTM) services and to describe use of a free online software application for determining costs of delivering MTM. Practice description The process described is applicable to community pharmacies and consultant pharmacists who provide MTM services from nonpharmacy settings. Practice innovation The PharmAccount Service Cost Calculator is an Internet-based software application that uses a guided online interview to collect information needed to conduct a comprehensive cost analysis of any specialized pharmacy service. In addition to direct variable and fixed costs, the software automatically allocates indirect and overhead costs to the service and generates an itemized report that details the components of service delivery costs. Results The service cost calculator is sufficiently flexible to support the analysis of virtually any specialized pharmacy service, irrespective of whether the service is being delivered from a physical pharmacy. The software application allows users to perform sensitivity analysis to quickly determine the potential impact that alternate scenarios would have on service delivery cost. It is therefore particularly well suited to assist in the design and planning of a new pharmacy service. Conclusion Good management requires that the cost implications of service delivery decisions are known and considered. Analyzing the cost of an MTM service is an important step in developing a sustainable business model.
Delay in Pulmonary Glycogen Degradation in Fetuses of Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

The developmental profile of pulmonary glycogen was investigated in fetuses of rats made diabetic before conception with the injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin. Lungs of control litters showed increasing pulmonary glycogen concentration from day 16-20, followed by significant decline by term (= 22 days). In contrast, the diabetic litters, which had pulmonary glycogen concentration equal to controls until day 20, showed significantly higher glycogen values (P less than 0.01) on days 21 and 22, consistent with a delay in glycogen degradation. This coincided with the finding of decreased amounts of fetal pulmonary phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine on day 21 of the diabetic gestation (P less than 0.05), but not before that time. Pulmonary glycogen phosphorylase A activity was significantly decreased in the diabetic litters on the final days of gestation, at the same time that the delay in glycogen breakdown became evident. Pulmonary glycogen synthase activity did not differ in the control and diabetic fetuses. The delay in pulmonary glycogen degradation seen in the fetus of the diabetic gestation is thus temporally related to the delay in lung maturation seen in this model and may be secondary to a decrease in the activity of the glycogenolytic enzyme phosphorylase A. Decreased availability of pulmonary glycogen stores for surfactant synthesis may be important in elucidating the mechanism of the delayed pulmonic maturation seen in fetuses of diabetic pregnancies.
Nursing Informatics, Outcomes, and Quality Improvement

Nursing informatics actively supports nursing by providing standard language systems, databases, decision support, readily accessible research results, and technology assessments. Through normalized datasets spanning an entire enterprise or other large demographic, nursing informatics tools support improvement of healthcare by answering questions about patient outcomes and quality improvement on an enterprise scale, and by providing documentation for business process definition, business process engineering, and strategic planning. Nursing informatics tools provide a way for advanced practice nurses to examine their practice and the effect of their actions on patient outcomes. Analysis of patient outcomes may lead to initiatives for quality improvement. Supported by nursing informatics tools, successful advance practice nurses leverage their quality improvement initiatives against the enterprise strategic plan to gain leadership support and resources.
Granulomatous lobular mastitis: two case reports with focus on radiologic and histopathologic features

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare, benign condition with an unknown etiology that can appear as cancer on mammogram, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. The terminology of GLM was first named by Going et al (J Clin Pathol 1987;40:535-540) in 1987 after he noted the lobule centered distribution on histologic exam. We present 2 case reports of GLM that clinically and radiographically appeared as malignant lesions. The first case was a 31-year-old woman with a 1-month history of breast mass, and the second case was a 33-year-old woman with a 2-week history of breast mass. Both cases were histologically diagnosed as GLM. Retrospectively, we identified ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics that may be used in the future to classify the breast mass before biopsy.
Taxonomy of Pedicularis parryi (Scrophulariaceae)

The karyology and taxonomy ofPedicularis parryi A. Gray is discussed, and it is proposed that the species consists of three subspecies: ssp.parryi, ssp.purpurea, and ssp.mogollonica. A key to these taxa, and also a key to the Rocky Mountain species most likely to be confused with them are presented.
SU-E-J-48: Development of An Abdominal Compression Device for Respiratory Correlated Radiation Therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop the abdominal compression device which could control pressure level according to the abdominal respiratory motion and evaluate its feasibility. Methods: In this study, we focused on developing the abdominal compression device which could control pressure level at any point of time so the developed device is possible to use a variety of purpose (gating technique or respiratory training system) while maintaining the merit of the existing commercial device. The compression device (air pad form) was designed to be able to compress the front and side of abdomen and the pressure level of the abdomen is controlled by air flow. Pressure level of abdomen (air flow) was determined using correlation data between external abdominal motion and respiratory volume signal measured by spirometer. In order to verify the feasibility of the device, it was necessary to confirm the correlation between the abdominal respiratory motion and respiratory volume signal and cooperation with respiratory training system also checked. Results: In the previous study, we could find that the correlation coefficient ratio between diaphragm and respiratory volume signal measured by spirometer was 0.95. In this study, we confirmed the correlation between the respiratory volume signal and the external abdominal motion measured by belt-transducer (correlation coefficient ratio was 0.92) and used the correlated respiratory volume data as an abdominal pressure level. It was possible to control the pressure level with negligible time delay and respiratory volume data based guiding waveforms could be properly inserted into the respiratory training system. Conclusion: Through this feasibility study, we confirmed the correlation between the respiratory volume signal and the external abdominal motion. Also initial assessment of the device and its compatibility with the respiratory training system were verified. Further study on application in respiratory gated therapy and respiratory training system will be investigated. This work was supported by Radiation Technology R&D program (No. 2013M2A2A7043498)and Basic Atomic Energy Research Institute (BAERI)(No. NRF-2009-0078390) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT&Future Planning.
A Shear-Lag Model for Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Systems Under Transient Heat Transfer

Understanding the stress transfer between nanotube reinforcements and matrix is an important factor in determining the overall mechanical properties of nanotube-reinforced composites. The classical shear-lag model in which the fiber and the matrix are equally long can not be applied to nanotube-based composite structures. Recently, a shear-lag model under mechanical loading for a concentric composite cylinder embedded with a capped nanotube has been introduced as the representative volume element (RVE). In this study, using similar approach the shear lag model is extended for a system under both mechanical and thermal loadings. The outer surface of RVE is prescribed to heating and cooling conditions, and transient heat transfer concept is used to find the temperature distribution in the matrix and on the surface of the nanotube. Using constitutive, geometrical and equilibrium equations for a given RVE, new shear-lag model for a nanotube-reinforced composite is then derived. It is demonstrated that the proposed model at room temperature could reduce to the same results obtained previously. These equations can be used to predict the mechanical properties of nanocomposite systems in real applications.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Physical optics: Backwards Doppler shifts

Researchers have observed the inverse Doppler effect at optical frequencies, using a technique that combines a moving negative-index photonic crystal and heterodyne interferometry.
Electrocardiogram signal modeling using interacting multiple models

The automatic classification of different heart diseases for monitoring cardiac health through the use of dynamic modeling of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals would yield innovative findings of immense clinical importance. This has been a difficult problem, however, as ECG signals consist of fiducial points with different morphologies within a single heart beat; the points vary between persons and disease states and cannot be described by a single representation. Current statistical ECG models depend on user-specified parameters and a priori information that requires pre-processing. In this paper, we propose a novel method for dynamically modeling, estimating and classifying ECG signals by representing different heart diseases using the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm, which can adaptively choose between different representations depending on the ECG data morphology. Using real ECG signals, we demonstrate that the IMM-based model can accurately represent different morphologies with minimal prior information. Using the estimated model parameters as a low-dimensional feature set, we also showed high classification performance between different cardiac arrhythmias.
Commander: The Life and Exploits of Britain's Greatest Frigate Captain. By Stephen Taylor. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2012. Pp. xi, 354. $28.95.)

In 1770, Spain seized a British fort in the Falkland Islands. As Britain prepared for a war to recover it, Captain John Stott recruited Edward Pellew, a penniless Cornish boy of thirteen, for the f...
Thermal shrinkage of small single acrylic fibers — A technique of forensic potential

Abstract Single fibers less than 1 mm long of nine types of acrylic fibers were thermally shrunk from 85°C to 285°C by hot stage optical microscopy. A surprisingly wide variety of behavior was observed. The temperature for the onset of shrinkage ranged from 105°C to 190°C; total contraction ranged from 2% to 64%; and some fibers contracted rather steadily, whereas others contracted abruptly. Reproducibility of shrinkage was excellent for most monocomponent fibers but was less reproducible for bicomponent fibers. In general, it was found that the technique may be used to discriminate among fiber types within a single fiber generic class using submicrogram sized samples.
Major Events in the Evolution of the Oxygen Carriers

SYNOPSIS. Major events in the history of the blood O2 carriers in multicellular animals include: 1) The origin of the red blood cell hemoglobins, which are both the most primitive and the most advanced O2 carriers. At the molecular level, they are believed to have arisen only once; at the animal level, there is no cogent reason to postulate more than two origins. 2) The origin of the hemerythrins, which occur at about the same phylogenetic level as the primitive red blood cell hemoglobins. They may not have been selected in higher animals because of their temperature sensitivity. The origins of 3) the molluscan hemocyanins and 4) the arthropod hemocyanins. These two events occurred independently, though for similar reasons. Both kinds of hemocyanins offered physiological advantages over the primitive hemoglobins that were important in the context of the more advanced molluscan and arthropod cardiovascular systems. 5) The origins of extracellular heme proteins, which arose independently many tunes, and probably for as many different reasons. 6) The loss of urea sensitivity, and the acquisition of organic Po4 sensitivity and additional cooperativity and pH dependence by the red blood cell hemoglobins, which occurred well after the origin of the vertebrates.
The Reconciliation Project: Separation and Integration in Business Ethics Research

This article is about the relationship between business and ethics in academic research. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the status of the separation and the integration theses. In the course of this article, I defend the claim that neither separation nor integration is entirely accurate; indeed they are both potentially confusing to our audience. A strategy of reconciliation of normative and descriptive approaches is proposed. The reconciliation project does not entail synthesizing or dividing prescriptive and empirical approaches, but rather respecting the identity of both inquiries, while recognizing the limitations they place on each other. The research agenda of the reconciliation project is discussed.
Interviewing for the Principalship

Donna Rensick is a candidate for the Southside High School principalship. When she arrives for her interview, she learns more details concerning issues the school has been experiencing, including: racial strife prompted by changing demographics, sagging achievement scores, low teacher morale, a poorly maintained building, and a leadership void. At the conclusion of the interview, she is asked how she would improve the school's learning environment and whether she is capable of accepting this challenge.
3,7-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-N-ethylphenothiazine: a redox shuttle with extensive overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries

3,7-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-N-ethylphenothiazine (BCF3EPT) was evaluated as a redox shuttle for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries. Constant-charging experiments were performed to compare the compound to 1,4-di-tert-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene and N-ethylphenothiazine. BCF3EPT showed significantly longer overcharge protection when compared to either benchmark at the same concentrations in LiFePO4/graphite batteries.
Cognitive set and level of anxiety: Effects on thinking processes in problematic situations

Subjects' thinking processes and reactions to manipulation of initial thoughts were studied in four types of problematic situations through the use of the thought-listing technique. Subjects were asked to list their thoughts in response to written vignettes. They were randomly assigned to receive one of three types of cognitive set: an initial positive thought, an initial negative thought, or no initial prompt. Thoughts were coded on valence and content/function dimensions (facilitative vs. debilitative; self-referent, attitude, or problem-solving). Manipulation of cognitive set appeared to have little influence on later thoughts, although different types of thoughts were listed more often in certain situations than in others. Prior to the study, subjects completed a number of self-report inventories of social-evaluative anxiety and assertion. Fear of negative evaluation was predictive of subjects' thoughts across situations and was also highly related to other questionnaires. These findings suggest that a concern with negative evaluations by others (perhaps a construct similar to public self-consciousness) may be a common factor in social-evaluative anxiety.
Antibody microarray detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7: Quantification, assay limitations, and capture efficiency.

A sandwich fluorescent immunoassay in a microarray format was used to capture and detect E. coli O157:H7. Here, we explored quantitative aspects, limitations, and capture efficiency of the assay. When biotinylated capture antibodies were used, the signal generated was higher (over 5-fold higher with some cell concentrations) compared to biotinylated protein G-bound capture antibodies. By adjusting the concentration of reporter antibody, a linear fluorescent response was observed from ∼3.0 × 106 to ∼9.0 × 107 cells/mL, and this was in agreement with the number of captured bacteria as determined by fluorescence microscopy. Capture efficiency calculations revealed that, as the number of bacteria presented for capture decreased, capture efficiency increased to near 35%. Optimization experiments, with several combinations of capture and reporter antibodies, demonstrated that the amount of bacteria available for capture (106 versus 108 cells/mL) affected the optimal combination. The findings presented here indi...
Remembering Past Media Use: Toward the Development of a Lifetime Television Exposure Scale

Cultivation theory, and the study of long-term media effects in general, could benefit from the development of a scale that measures long-term television exposure levels. Theory and research into the organization, storage, and retrieval of long-term memory are used to develop a scale for measuring past and present television exposure levels. In a survey of 207 young adults, a Lifetime Television Exposure (LTE) scale is submitted to tests of criterion validity. Findings show the scale positively predicts cultivation outcomes above and beyond existing measures of current television exposure. Television viewing during early childhood, in particular, predicts young adults' current social reality beliefs. Methodological considerations and directions for future research are discussed.
A potential individual cell malignancy indicator: focal length

The label-free technique of optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy (OFIS) utilizes the optical transmission spectrum of a cell in a microfluidic Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity to distinguish cells from cancerous cell lines and baseline normal blood cells. The classification between canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cancer cells and monocytes in canine normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) had been demonstrated with 95% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Now with a new optical model that treats the cell settled at the bottom of the cavity as a thin lens, the focal length of cells was extracted and used as an individual cell malignancy indicator.
J. B., Job, and the Biblical Doctrine of Man

HERE has been on Broadway this winter one of the most interesting and provocative plays in many seasons to audience and critics alike, and at the same time one which is of special concern to all who study or teach the Bible. This is, of course, J.B., the drama in verse, based upon the Book of Job, written by the distinguished American poet, Dr. Archibald MacLeish. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to see it can testify that the reviewers are right in describing the excitement of the production while the play is in progress. At the same time, the reviewers also speak of the confusion in which the audience finds itself at the end as to what is the real outcome of the play, what the author has finally concluded concerning the problem of the sufferings of the innocent. It is clear that J.B. gets his property and his wife back; but it is far from clear what is the position between Job and God.
Credit Rationing and Payment Incentives

A model of borrowing for production is presented where default leads to exclusion from the capital market. This means contracts are enforceable, provided the current payment is less than or equal to the value of future access to the capital market. The main result of the paper is to show that if this constraint binds then credit is rationed.
Identification of Binary Interactions between Human Cytomegalovirus Virion Proteins

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions are composed of a DNA-containing nucleocapsid surrounded by a tegument layer and host-derived lipid envelope studded with virally encoded glycoproteins. These complex virions are estimated to be composed of more than 50 viral proteins. Assembly of HCMV virions is poorly understood, especially with respect to acquisition of the tegument; however, it is thought to involve the stepwise addition of virion components through protein-protein interactions. We sought to identify interactions among HCMV virion proteins using yeast two-hybrid analysis. Using 33 known capsid and tegument proteins, we tested 1,089 pairwise combinations for binary interaction in the two-hybrid assay. We identified 24 interactions among HCMV virion proteins, including 13 novel interactions among tegument proteins and one novel interaction between capsid proteins. Several of these novel interactions were confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of protein complexes from transfected cells. In addition, we demonstrate three of these interactions in the context of HCMV infection. This study reveals several new protein-protein interactions among HCMV tegument proteins, some of which are likely important for HCMV replication and pathogenesis.