cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic ordering in the presence of fast spin fluctuations: A neutron scattering study of Ce In 3

We report results of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the trivalent spin-fluctuation metal Ce${\mathrm{In}}_{3}$. Antiferromagnetic order occurs at 10.23 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.01 K. The magnetic reflections can be indexed on a doubled chemical cell of cubic symmetry. The saturated ordered moment $0.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per cerium atom is comparable to the value $0.71{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ expected for ordering within the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ doublet, which is the ground level expected for $J=\frac{5}{2}$ cerium moments in a cubic crystal field. The critical behavior of the order parameter is of the form $\frac{{M}_{\mathrm{st}}^{2}(T)}{{M}_{\mathrm{st}}^{2}(0)}=A{[\frac{({T}_{N}\ensuremath{-}T)}{{T}_{N}}]}^{2\ensuremath{\beta}}$ where ${M}_{\mathrm{st}}$ is the staggered magnetization, $A=2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$; in addition the critical fluctuations are extremely weak. We discuss this nearly mean-field behavior in the context of recent theories which describe critical behavior in systems where the critical temperature is much smaller than a characteristic spin-fluctuation temperature. The inelastic scattering measurements provide evidence for the existence of such a characteristic energy. At low temperatures the inelastic cross section is dominated by an anomalously broad magnetic scattering peak, centered near 13 meV and with a half-width of about 10 meV. We interpret the large linewidth as arising from fast spin fluctuations, which arise from strong Kondo-type exchange coupling of the $4f$ spins to the conduction electrons.
Ethnic communication: A comparative analysis of satisfying communication

Abstract Ethnic communication is a significant area for interpersonal communication research. Although previous research has shown differences in patterns of typical communication behavior, no systematic study has demonstrated distinctive patterns in satisfying interpersonal communication. In this study, the intra-ethnic communication of three ethnic groups (blacks, Hispanics and whites) was compared. Self-report measures of satisfying communication were derived from the conversational descriptions of members of each group. These measures were used to differentiate intra-ethnic social conversations (blacks talking to blacks, Hispanics talking to Hispanics, whites talking to whites). Analyses indicated significant between group differences. These differences were interpreted in terms of ethnic group membership.
Effects of diazoxide on insulin secretion and metabolic efficiency in the db/db mouse.

Abstract The genetically diabetic mouse ( db/db ) exhibits hyperphagia, progressive weight gain, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia during the first four months of life. In an attempt to define certain features of the metabolic efficiency portrayed in this mutant species, the following studies were undertaken. Beginning at one month and continuing for twelve weeks, diabetics were subjected to controlled food intake (eating permitted 1–3 hours per day) to prevent obesity and maintain their weight identical to non-diabetic heterozygotes (+/ db ). Control diabetics (adlib food intake) consumed approximately 40 grams per week. Non-diabetics ate 20 grams per week whereas diet restricted diabetics consumed 10 grams/week. Their ability to maintain a weight identical to non-diabetics while consuming half the food intake was evidence of their metabolic efficiency. The diet restricted diabetics had normal blood glucose and water intake, but remained hyperinsulimic. In a second experiment, a similar protocol was utilized, except that diet restricted diabetics were given progressively increasing doses of oral diazoxide to suppress insulin. Achieved plasma insulin levels were comparable in diet restricted diabetics and heterozygotes, but food consumption in the treated group was unchanged, indicating persistence of their metabolic efficiency. In a third experiment, diabetics fed ad lib received high dose oral diazoxide and were compared with heterozygote non-diabetics. The food intake and growth pattern of the diabetics was not altered, as compared to control diabetics in Experiment 1, Plasma insulin was not suppressed, but water intake approached normal levels suggesting improved glucose control. It is concluded that insulin is not the only factor contributing to the metabolic efficiency in the db/db mouse. Hyperinsulinemia is a primary and fundamental abnormality in this species. High dose oral diazoxide appears to improve glucose tolerance in the fed state, and may act by increasing the number or sensitivity of insulin receptors.
Approximate calculations of spectral absorption coefficients in infrared vibration-rotation spectra

Abstract The limitations involved in the use of nearly profiles for individual vibration rotation bands are examined for CO and CO 2 . Although the harmonic-oscillator approximation is useful in estimations of band emission or band absorption, large errors are normally obtained in calculations of spectral absorption coefficients because first-order effects on ground-state populations are produced by anharmonicities at all wavenumbers except those lying very close to the band centers. Inclusion of first-order corrections for low and moderate rotational energies yields good results for the spectral absorption coefficients of CO and CO 2 at 300 and 1200°K. Furthermore, our simplified theoretical formulae provide an acceptable description for previously published spectral-absorption-coefficient profiles for the fundamental and first-overtone bands of CO at room temperature.
Tachyonic neutrinos and the neutrino masses

Abstract With a recent claim of superluminal neutrinos shown to be in error, 2012 may not be a propitious time to consider the evidence that one or more neutrinos may indeed be tachyons. Nevertheless, there are a growing number of observations that continue to suggest this possibility – albeit with an m ν 2 0 having a much smaller magnitude than was implied by the original OPERA claim. One recently published non-standard analysis of SN 1987A neutrinos supports a tachyonic mass eigenstate, and here we show how it leads to 3 + 3 mirror neutrino model having an unconventional mass hierarchy. The model incorporates one superluminal active–sterile neutrino pair, and it is testable in numerous ways, including making a surprising prediction about an unpublished aspect of the SN 1987A neutrinos. Additional supporting evidence involving earlier analyses of cosmic rays is summarized to add credence to the tachyonic neutrino hypothesis.
Feline immunodeficiency virus infection of cats as a model to test the effect of certain in vitro selection pressures on the infectivity and virulence of resultant lentivirus variants

Three groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) domestic cats, each containing 5 animals, were infected with one of three closely related FIV variants and monitored for 36 weeks. A fourth group of 5 cats was sham-infected and served as uninfected controls. FIV variants included: (1) a fully virulent animal passaged FIV-Petaluma; (2) a Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cell-adapted FIV-Petaluma (FIV-CrFK); and (3) a variant of FIV-CrFK (FIV-CrFKAZT) that had been selected in vitro for resistance to azidothymidine. Cats infected with fully virulent FIV-Petaluma strongly seroconverted, became persistently viremic, and exhibited lymphadenopathy, neutropenia, and inversion of the CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio. Cats infected with FIV-CrFK seroconverted but the antibody responses were much weaker and more variable; two of the cats became transiently viremic and no hematologic abnormalities or clinical signs of illness other than a very mild lymphadenopathy were observed. None of the five cats inoculated with FIV-CrFKAZT seroconverted, became viremic, or exhibited any gross or hematologic signs of disease, even though proviral DNA was transiently detected in tissue following inoculation. This study demonstrates that the FIV infection model can be used to assess differences in the virulence of FIV variants, including variants selected for antiretroviral drug resistance.
The Separation of Mo, Ti, In, and Ga by Di-n-butylphosphate and Tri-n-butylphosphate, and Its Mechanism

Data are given for the possibility of extracting molybdenum, titanium, indium and gallium with di-n-butyl phosphate dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, at various concentrations of acid. The extraction of peroxymolybdate and normal molybdate from hydrochloric and sulphuric acid with tri-n-butylphosphate was investigated. The extraction maxima of indium and gallium occur at pH's corresponding to the existence of their hydroxides.
Properties of Na-K pump in primary cultures of kidney cells.

Activities related to Na-K transport were measured in cell cultures of ground squirrel kidney cortex in order to compare these cells with those of intact kidney and of continuous cell lines. A microsomal preparation containing plasma membrane Na,K-ATPase from fresh kidney showed twice the activity of a similar preparation from 72-hour cultured cells. Na,K-ATPase of homogenates of 72-hour cells showed one-third to one-fourth the specific activity of that from 6-hour cultured cells. The associated K-dependent phosphatase activity also declined as a function of time in culture. The ouabain-sensitive influx of K into 6-hour cultured cells was twice as great as the K influx into 72-hour cells. The number of sites binding 3H-ouabain in intact cultured cells declined 81% on a cell protein basis between 6 and 72 hours in culture. This decline in ouabain binding sites was relatively greater than that of K influx, so that the K turnover number increased over this same time period. The decline in ouabain-sensitive K influx during culture was complementary to an increase in furosemide-sensitive K influx. Measurements of unidirectional and net K fluxes showed that there were three components of K influx into 3-day cultured cells: ouabain-sensitive Na:K exchange, furosemide-sensitive K:K exchange, and K diffusion. In the 6-hour cultures, however, there was no furosemide-sensitive K:K exchange. Thus, after three days in culture ground squirrel kidney cells lose a feature characteristic of the original parent cells (high Na,K-ATPase activity), and gain a feature common to many undifferentiated cultured cells (furosemidesensitive K:K exchange).
Effects of gaster extract trail concentration on the trail following behaviour of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)

Abstract In the Argentine ant, optimum trail following to gaster extracts was displayed to 0.1 and 1.0 equivalents/50 cm of circular trail. Trail following to airborne components was demonstrated when ants exhibited normal trail following behaviour while walking 3 or 6 mm below a 0.1 ant equivalent trail. However, at 8 or 12 mm separation, following ceased, indicating that the height of the active space was ca. 6–8 mm. The average horizontal distance from the centre of the trail at which ants exhibited following behaviour increased with concentration to 3–4 mm beyond the applied trail boundaries, indicating both an ability to follow airborne chemicals, and possibly a non-tolerance of excessively high concentration. Activity of 0.1 ant equivalent trails on filter paper declined to about half the original level by four hours; after eight hours, responses were significantly different from, but almost as low as, solvent controls.
Clostridium chauvoei myositis infection in a neonatal calf.

A 3-day-old 63-kg Simmental bull calf was presented to lected would have markedly decreased the chance of recovery the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with of the organism by culture. the client complaint of inability to rise. The dam was a firstcalf heifer, and the birth was complicated by dystocia. The manager reported that excess forefeet traction was required during delivery. After birth, the calf was fed 1 1/2 quarts of Surgical exposure of the affected formed. This allowed for drainage of muscle mass was perclostridial toxins as well as exposure of the area to air. Penicillin (40,000 IU/kg) was given intravenously. Two liters of plasma were administered as failure of passive transfer was suspected due to the history colostrum and then an unknown amount of powdered milk. When held in a standing position he could not bear weight and low total plasma protein. Antiserum was not available. on his rear legs. The farm has had a history of clostridial Despite these efforts, the calf died 6 hours after admission. myositis (blackleg), and a vaccination program against ClosA complete necropsy was performed. Gross examination revealed that the right hind leg was markedly swollen and tridium chauvoei was practiced.
Dopamine modulates excitability of basolateral amygdala neurons in vitro.

The amygdala plays a role in affective behaviors, which are modulated by the dopamine (DA) innervation of the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA). Although in vivo studies indicate that activation o...
The Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

From the patient’s standpoint, the introduction of any therapeutic intervention raises quality-of-life questions, such as, “Will I live longer?” or “Will I feel better?” However, the introduction of a therapy can often raise additional questions: These questions are valid and applicable to both drug treatments and nondrug treatments, including implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). We will attempt to provide answers to these types of questions for patients with ICDs (Table). View this table: Questions and Answers About ICDs ICDs have been proven to prolong survival in patients who either have suffered or are at risk of suffering serious abnormal heart rhythms that are most often the result of a damaged heart. The modern ICD is a relatively small (now 40 cm3) device (Figure 1) that is implanted under the skin, most commonly in the upper chest (Figure 2) but occasionally beneath the abdominal skin or muscles, with the use of a combination of local anesthesia and light sedation. The implantation procedure, much like implanting a permanent pacemaker, has become very safe. The ICD consists of a battery (which can last 3 to 6 years), energy delivery components, and electronic circuitry, which all are sealed in one case. The ICD is connected to the heart via one or more thin, coated wires (electrodes) that travel in the veins between the implant site and the heart. Through these electrodes, the ICD monitors a patient’s heart rhythm and delivers corrective electrical treatments appropriate for the specific types of heart rhythm disturbances that it may detect. These treatments may consist of either a single or very brief series of low-energy electrical pulses, …
Daphnia vertical distribution and the presence of toxic cyanobacteria

Daphnia can alter its vertical position in the water column in response to chemical cues from predators. In this study we tested the hypothesis that a Daphnia pulex clone with little evolutionary exposure to cyanobacteria would move away from patches of cyanobacteria (Anabaena affinis and A. flos-aquae) which contain potent endotoxins. Daphnia was censused at 2 h intervals for 6 h in laboratory columns in which there was a steep vertical gradient of cyanobacteria. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Control (no Anabaena) and experimental columns showed no significant differences in Daphnia distributions. Daphnia in experimental columns frequently moved into areas with dense concentrations of Anabaena and stayed there for long periods of time. Our results show that this D. pulex clone does not exhibit a rapid (within 6 h) avoidance response to toxic Anabaena.
Probing the Functional Link between Androgen Receptor Coactivator and Ligand-binding Sites in Prostate Cancer and Androgen Insensitivity

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor required for male sex development and virilization and contributes to prostate cancer initiation and progression. High affinity androgen binding triggers conformational changes required for AR transactivation. Here we characterized naturally occurring AR gene mutations in the region of activation function 2 (AF2) that decrease or increase AR transcriptional activity by altering the region bounded by AF2 and the ligand binding pocket without affecting equilibrium androgen binding affinity. In the androgen insensitivity syndrome, germ line AR mutations increase the androgen dissociation rate and reduce AR FXXLF motif binding and the recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)/p160 coactivator LXXLL motifs. In prostate cancer, somatic AR mutations in AF2 or near the bound ligand slow androgen dissociation and increase AR stabilization and coactivator recruitment. Crystal structures of the AR ligand binding domain bound to R1881 and FXXLF or LXXLL motif peptide indicate the mutations are proximal to the AF2 bound peptide, adjacent to the ligand pocket, or in a putative ligand gateway. The results suggest a bidirectional structural relay between bound ligand and coactivator that establishes AR functional potency in vivo.
Cirrus Cloud Properties and the Large-Scale Meteorological Environment: Relationships Derived from A-Train and NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis Data

AbstractEmpirical knowledge of how cirrus cloud properties are coupled with the large-scale meteorological environment is a prerequisite for understanding the role of microphysical processes in the life cycle of cirrus cloud systems. Using active and passive remote sensing data from the A-Train, relationships between cirrus cloud properties and the large-scale dynamics are examined. Mesoscale cirrus events from along the A-Train track from 1 yr of data are sorted on the basis of vertical distributions of radar reflectivity and on large-scale meteorological parameters derived from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis using a K-means cluster-analysis algorithm. With these defined regimes, the authors examine two questions: Given a cirrus cloud type defined by cloud properties, what are the large-scale dynamics? Vice versa, what cirrus cloud properties tend to emerge from large-scale dynamics regimes that tend to form cirrus? From the answers to these questions, the links between the large-scale dynamics regimes and the...
Chebyshev Solution of the Nearly-Singular One-Dimensional Helmholtz Equation and Related Singular Perturbation Equations: Multiple Scale Series and the Boundary Layer Rule-of-Thumb

The one-dimensional Helmholtz equatione 2 u xx -u=f(x), arises in many applications, often as a component of three-dimensional fluids codes. Unfortunately, it is difficult to solve for e»1 because the homogeneous solutions are exp (±x/e), which have boundary layers of thickness O(1/e). By analyzing the asymptotic Chebyshev coefficients of exponentials, we rederive the Orszag-Israeli rule [16] that $$N \approx 3/\sqrt \varepsilon $$ Chebyshev polynomials are needed to obtain an accuracy of 1% or better for the homogeneous solutions. (Interestingly, this is identical with the boundary layer rule-of-thumb in [5], which was derived for singular functions like tanh ([x−1]/e).) Two strategies for small e are described. The first is the method of multiple scales, which is very general, and applies to variable coefficient differential equations, too. The second, whenf(x) is a polynomial, is to compute an exact particular integral of the Helmholtz equation as apolynomial of the same degree in the form of a Chebyshev series by solving triangular pentadiagonal systems. This can be combined with the analytic homogeneous solutions to synthesize the general solution. However, the multiple scales method is more efficient than the Chebyshev algorithm when e is very, very tiny.
High current, fast turn-on pulse generation using thyristors

The dynamic turn-on characteristics of inverter type SCR's can be employed to achieve high current densities with short rise times (106a/cm2µs). Little carrier modulation occurs during these turn-on times which results in large forward voltage drops. Resultant dissipations necessitate short pulse width operation but repetition rates up to 50KHz are reported. By comparing turn-on voltage waveforms of specially developed 35A (rms) devices when gate and dv/dt triggered, it was concluded that about 50% of the gate triggered emitter area is effective during the rise time interval. These devices were life tested and should prove usefull as modulators for radar or GaAs injection laser applications. It was determined that the properly designed SCR could out-perform all of the functions served by: 1) Avalanche transistors in laser pulsers, 2) Hydrogen thyratrons, ignitrons and spark gaps in radar modulators and, 3) High speed (turn-on) switching transistors where turn-off is not critical.
Adding and invariant imbedding equations in matrix notation for all the scattering functions

Abstract Previous work by the author introduced a radiative formulation, containing a delta interior illumination, that allowed scattering solutions driven by internal sources to be handled in complete analogy to those for the standard problem (external delta illumination scattering through a medium). This analogy was made explicit by defining the three levels of scattering functions, S s -level, S s - and S F -level, and S F -level, that characterize scattering through, into and out of, and within a finite medium, respectively. For an inhomogeneous medium the invariant imbedding method was employed to solve for these functions. This paper continues the work by showing that: (1) Adding equations can be derived for all the scattering functions using one superposition formula. (2) Adding and invariant imbedding computational methods are closely related and should be used in combination for efficient calculations. (3) A new set of functions can be defined that represent scattering out of a medium driven by thermal sources. (4) All scattering functions can be converted to represent a planetary problem by one adding step. References are given for numerical results using this formulation.
Studies of optical nonlinearity in bis-thienyl polyenes

We measure the magnitude and phase of the degenerate third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (chi) (3)llll of solutions of various bis-thienyl polyenes (n-BTP) with the number n of the conjugated double bonds ranging from 3 to 9. We study both neutral and bipolaronic (i.e., doubly ionized) forms of n-BTP. We find that, within experimental error, (chi) (3)llll is proportional to nb where b-5.5 at 532 nm for our neutral n-BTP samples which have 3 <EQ n <EQ 9, and b-14 at 1.06 micrometers for the bipolaron state samples which have 6 <EQ n <EQ 9 where the probing laser wavelength is close to an absorption band. We calculate (chi) (3)llll of the bipolaronic n-BTP assuming it is associated with this absorption band acting as a two-level system and find good agreement with experiment.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Implant reconstruction in the posterior mandible: A long-term retrospective study

Abstract Statement of problem. Because there is a lack of long-term data, it is unclear whether the determinants of implant and prosthesis survival include the location, angle, design, or number of implants and use of prosthesis cantilevers. Purpose. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term outcome, determinants of outcome, and the type and prevalence of prosthetic complications in a series of patients treated consecutively with Branemark implants in the partially edentulous posterior mandible. Material and methods. A total of 392 consecutively placed Branemark implants were inserted in 152 partially edentulous patients and restored with 56 single-tooth and 168 fixed partial dentures restorations. Results. The cumulative success rates of implants and prostheses were 89.0% ± 0.03% and 81.9% ± 0.03%, respectively, at 6 years, with no further decrease in success noted during the remainder of the 10-year study. Significantly fewer major complications were found in prostheses supported by one or more implants, located exclusively in premolar sites, versus prostheses supported by either molar implant(s) or both premolar and molar implants. In single-tooth restorations, fewer major complications were seen in the cemented restorations, compared with the screw retained. Conclusion. The results were strongly influenced by the phase of experience. (J Prosthet Dent 1997;78:34-42.)
Detrimental effects of tumor progression on cognitive function of patients with high-grade glioma

Purpose There is growing recognition that the primary cause of cognitive deficits in adult patients with primary brain tumors is the tumor itself and more significantly, tumor progression. To assess the cognitive performance of high-grade glioma patients, prospectively collected cognitive performance data were analyzed. Patients and Methods We studied 1,244 high-grade brain tumor patients entered onto eight consecutive North Central Cancer Treatment Group treatment trials that used radiation and nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. Imaging studies and Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores recorded at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were analyzed to assess tumor status and cognitive function over time. Results The proportion of patients without tumor progression who experienced clinically significant cognitive deterioration compared with baseline was stable at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (18%, 16%, 14%, and 13%, respectively). In patients without radiographic evidence of progression, clinically significant deterioration in MMSE scores was a strong predictor of a more rapid time to tumor progression and death. At evaluations preceding interval radiographic evidence of progression, there was significant deterioration in MMSE scores for patients who were to experience progression, whereas the scores remained stable for the patients who did not have tumor progression. Conclusion The proportion of high-grade glioma patients with cognitive deterioration over time is stable, most consistent with the constant pressure of tumor progression over time. Although other factors may contribute to cognitive decline, the predominant cause of cognitive decline seems to be subclinical tumor progression that precedes radiographic changes.
Mobile elements and mammalian genome evolution

Mobile elements make up large portions of most eukaryotic genomes. They create genetic instability, not only through insertional mutation but also by contributing recombination substrates, both during and long after their insertion. The combination of whole-genome sequences and the development of innovative new assays to test the function of mobile elements have increased our understanding of how these elements mobilize and how their insertion impacts genome diversity and human disease.
Police Perceptions of Sexual Assault Victims: Exploring the Intra-Female Gender Hostility Thesis

This study explores variation in the perception of sexual assault victims among male and female police officers in a Midwestern police agency. Surveys that include both qualitative and quantitative...
Association of C-reactive Protein and Circulating Leukocytes with Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Endotoxin-treated Mice and Rabbits

Abstract The response of rabbits and mice to treatment with Escherichia coli endotoxin, as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte levels, and resistance to Staphylococcus aureus infection was studied to evaluate the significance of these responses and their associations. In both species, there was an initial leukopenia without early recovery of normal lymphocyte levels. This was followed by an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a return to near the normal range. The CRP level was slightly altered during the stage of decreased resistance and increased throughout the remainder of the period of observation. The resistance level was decreased initially, recovered to normal levels, and continued to increase. The changes in CRP and resistance levels were closely associated. It would appear that this association between CRP and resistance, the antibacterial activity of CRP, and its action on the polysaccharides obtained from bacterial cell walls are evidence for the participation of CRP in nonspecific resistance to infection.
Allozyme genotype and time to death of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (baird and girard), during acute exposure to inorganic mercury

Genetic plasticity in a mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard) population was examined relative to acute mercury toxicity. Genotypes at eight loci (isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and -2, mannosephosphate isomerase, glucosephosphate isomerase-2, fumarate hydratase, malate dehydrogenase-1, leucylglycylglycine peptidase and phenylalanylproline peptidase) were scored using starch gel electrophoresis. Two null hypotheses were tested: (a) time to death does not differ between genotypes at individual loci and (b) time to death does not differ with multiple-locus heterozygosity. Genotypes at three of the eight loci displayed significant effects on mosquitofish time to death. Multiple-locus heterozygosity also had a significant effect on time to death. Significant amounts of genetic plasticity were found in a population of mosquitofish with no previous exposure to inorganic mercury.
From Divine Action to Divine Presence: The Next Step in an Integrated Cosmology of Science and Theology

One of the challenges facing contemporary theologians has been an increasingly perceived rift between the disciplines of theology and scientific cosmology. A common narrative maintains that the incompatibility of these disciplines is a result of the rise of modern science during which the doctrinal claims of theology as they relate to our understanding of the universe as a whole were disproven. Within this narrative framework, theology is reduced to issues of human experience and moral life. In contrast to this myth, this paper establishes the claim that the perceived rift between theology and cosmology is not merely due to the advances of modern science but also to particular philosophical and theological developments in the realms of epistemology and the social imaginary. Furthermore, the author suggests that these sources of the exclusion of cosmology from theological discourse indicate a need for the development of an Irenaean cosmological framework in which the Eucharistic tension between the simultaneous presence and absence of Christ is upheld.
The influence of speaker reliability on first versus second label learning.

Children’s confidence in their own knowledge may influence their willingness to learn novel information from others. Twenty-four-month-old children’s (N = 160) willingness to learn novel labels for either familiar or novel objects from an adult speaker was tested in 1 of 5 conditions: accurate, inaccurate, knowledgeable, ignorant, or uninformative. Children were willing to learn a second label for an object from a reliable informant in the accurate, knowledgeable, and uninformative conditions; children were less willing to apply a novel label to a familiar object if the speaker previously was inaccurate or had expressed ignorance. However, when the objects were novel, children were willing to learn the label regardless of the speaker’s knowledge level.
Shark Week and the Rise of Infotainment in Science Documentaries

This study used content analysis to determine if the Discovery Channel's Shark Week incorporated more elements of science or entertainment frames after partnering with ocean conservation organizations in 2010. Drawing on cultivation and framing theories, and discussing the rise of infotainment in science communication, the study determined that the Discovery Channel did incorporate more science frames after 2010 but continued to depict sharks primarily as violent killers.
Teoría de la Cohesión Circular en el Matrimonio y las Redes Sociales

La cohesion circular, como teoria relevante de la cohesion social, se presenta en el analisis de los reencadenamientos matrimoniales como el resultado de una aproximacion estructural: «Los estudios estructurales son, en las ciencias sociales, el resultado indirecto de los modernos desarrollos matematicos que han ido dando cada vez mas importancia al punto de vista cualitativo en contraste con el punto de vista cuantitativo de las matematicas tradicionales. Esto ha hecho posible en campos como la logica matematica, la teoria de conjuntos, la teoria de grupos y la topologia, el desarrollo de una aproximacion rigurosa a los problemas que no admiten una solucion metrica. Los destacados iogros en esta conexion —que ofrecen por si mismos un trampolin todavia no utilizado por el cientifico social— se encuentran en Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour de J. von Neumann y O. Morgenstern, Cybemetics de N. Wiener y The Mathematical Theory of Communication de C. Shannon y W. Weaver». [Levi-Strauss, Structural Anthropology, 1963, Capitulo XV, Social Structure, seccion de «Structure and Measure», p. 283]. Ring cohesion, as a theory relevant to social cohesion, offers itself in the analysis of matrimonial relinking as an outgrowth of a structural approach: “Structural studies are, in the social sciences, the indirect outcome of modern developments in mathematics which have given increasing importante to the qualitative point of view in contradistinction to the quantitative point of view of tradicional mathematics. It has become possible, therefore, in fields such as mathematical logic, set theory, group theory, and topology, to develop a rigorous approach to problems which do not admit of a metrical solution. The outstanding achievements in this connection – which offer themselves as springboards not yet utilized by social scientist – is to be found in J. von Neumann y O. Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour; N. Wiener, Cybernetics; and C. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication”. [Levi-Strauss, Structural Anthropology, 1963, “Capitulo XV, Social Structure, seccion Structure and Measure”, p. 283].
Should You Sleep on It? The Effects of Overnight Sleep on Subjective Preference-based Choice

Conventional wisdom and studies of unconscious processing suggest that sleeping on a choice may improve decision making. Although sleep has been shown to benefit several cognitive tasks, including problem solving, its impact on everyday choices remains unclear. Here we explore the effects of ‘sleeping on it’ on preference-based decisions among multiple options. In two studies, individuals viewed several attributes describing a set of items and were asked to select their preferred item after a 12-hour interval that either contained sleep or was spent fully awake. After an overnight period including sleep, individuals showed increases in positive perceptions of the choice set. This finding contrasts with previous research showing that sleep selectively enhances recall for negative information. In addition, this increase in positive recall did not translate into a greater desire to purchase their preferred item or into an overall benefit for choice satisfaction. Time-of-day controls were used to confirm that the observed effects could not be explained by circadian influences. Thus, we show that people may feel more positive about the choice options but not more confident about the choice after ‘sleeping on’ a subjective decision. We discuss how the valence of recalled choice set information may be important in understanding the effects of sleep on multi-attribute decision making and suggest several avenues for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the performance of artificial neural networks and support vector machines for the prediction of traffic speed

The ability to predict traffic variables such as speed, travel time or flow, based on real time data and historic data, collected by various systems in transportation networks, is vital to the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) components such as in-vehicle route guidance systems (RGS), advanced traveler information systems (ATIS), and advanced traffic management systems (ATMS). In the contest of prediction methodologies, different time series, and artificial neural networks (ANN) models have been developed in addition to the historic and real time approach. The present paper proposes the application of a recently developed pattern classification and regression technique called support vector machines (SVM) for the short-term prediction of traffic speed. An ANN model is also developed and a comparison of the performance of both these techniques is carried out, along with real time and historic approach results. Data from the freeways of San Antonio, Texas were used for the analysis.
Learning from Degree-Seeking Older Adult Students in a University Library

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of library resources and services by degree-seeking older adult students (aged 50 years and over) and it is driven by the role of libraries in serving this often overlooked student population. Older adult students bring many benefits to the life of college campuses; nevertheless, many of these students also face challenges in meeting their information needs in academic libraries. Design/methodology/approach – The authors surveyed degree-seeking older adult students at a comprehensive metropolitan university in the western USA. Surveys were distributed to 579 students enrolled in the spring semester 2013, 134 students completed the 15-question online survey about the use of the library, information-seeking behaviors and use of other university services. Findings – The self-reported findings confirmed that the library meets most of the information needs of this student population. Students commented on satisfaction with the library services, barriers...
Not all who stand tall are proud: Gender differences in the proprioceptive effects of upright posture

Research shows that individuals feel and later perform better when given positive feedback in the context of an upright posture, as opposed to a slumped one, even if unaware that their bodily position is meant to express emotion. We sought to determine whether proprioceptive feedback from body postures operate differently for women and men. Participants received success feedback when in either an upright or slumped posture, which was covertly manipulated. Results showed that for men the effects of posture were intuitive and appropriate: receiving success feedback while upright enhanced performance self-ratings. In contrast, after adopting an upright posture, women went on after success feedback to perform more poorly and make more negative self-ratings, than after adopting a slumped posture. A number of theories are offered as potential explanations for this gender effect.
Quasi-guided-optical-waveguide VCSELs for single-mode high-power applications

Novel quasi-guided optical waveguide (QGOW) VCSELs is presented and analyzed for lateral mode control in large-aperture single-mode high-power VCSELs, with large modal discrimination in excess of 20 cm-1 and low fundamental mode loss.
Praise, Reproof and Persistence in Preadolescent Girls

Sixty ten and eleven year-old girls worked on a two-choice discrimination task under one of five conditions: no feedback; positive feedback following successes; positive feedback following failures; negative feedback following successes; and negative feedback following failures. The girls persisted longest on the task when they received positive feedback following failures. The argument is made that preadolescent girls attend most readily to the affective dimension of verbal feedback and that they are most motivated by positive statements that are not contingent on achievement or merit.
What Helps Students Thrive? An Investigation of Student Engagement and Performance

Graduation rates, academic success, and health status are top priorities of universities related to student success. Overall it has been found that students academically and socially integrated to the campus are more likely to remain in college and graduate. This article presents a strategy and results of a study that analyzed the overall relationship Student Affairs programs had with student GPA and health status. The goal of this research was to discover what helps students thrive, not just survive at school. To study thriving, the theoretical model of salutogenesis was adapted to investigate factors related to student success as measured through academic performance and health status. Using electronically collected data from a sample of 691 students, the results of relationships between student engagement in Student Affairs programs, student academic performance, and health status have been reported. Emphasis areas for student affairs programs are suggested.
Impact of Parental Notification on Illinois Minors Seeking Abortion.

Abstract Purpose To describe the impact of the Illinois Parental Notification of Abortion Act on minors presenting for first-trimester abortion at an urban clinic in Chicago, Illinois. Methods Descriptive, retrospective review looked at minors obtaining a first-trimester abortion at John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital Reproductive Health Services during the 12 months prior (August 15, 2012–August 14, 2013) and after (August 15, 2013–August 14, 2014) the Illinois Parental Notification Act was in effect. Young women, ages 18–21 years, unaffected by the law, served as the control group. Results Before the law, 320 minors of a total of 5,505 patients (5.8%) obtained a first-trimester abortion and after the law went into effect, 311 minors of a total of 6,311 patients (4.9%) obtained an abortion. This constituted a 2.8% decrease in procedures among minors before and after the law went into effect ( p = .003). However, this decrease was not significant when compared to an 8.8% growth in procedures among the control group, ages 18–21 years ( p = .079). Among minors, there was no difference in race/ethnicity, age, and mean gestational age at the time of abortion before and after the law ( p = .189, p = .116, and p = .961). There was a trend toward a larger decline in the youngest minors, aged 12–15 years and in those with at least one prior abortion. Conclusions The impact of a parental notification law on minors at an urban, public clinic is unclear. The 3% decrease warrants further study of both teen pregnancy rates and legislative barriers to minors' abortion access.
Examining the Decision Process of Students' Cheating Behavior: An Exploratory Study

This research examines the association between attitudes on cheating and cognitive moral development. In this research, we use Rest's (1979a) Defining Issues Test, the Attitudes on Honesty Scale (Authors) and Academic Integrity Index (Authors); the last two are adaptations of the DIT. A total of 220 students from three universities participated in the study (66 psychology majors and 154 business majors). The data indicate that 66.4 percent of the students reported that they cheated in high school, college, or both high school and college. Psychology majors scored higher than business majors on both the Defining Issues Test (Rest, 1979a) and the Attitudes on Honesty Scale (AHS, Authors). Using factor analysis, we found significant associations between students' ratings of the importance considerations present in the three cheating scenarios and their estimates of whether cheating would occur (i.e., the Academic Integrity Index). Finally, using logistic regression, we found that the scores on the Attitudes on Honesty Scale and Academic Integrity Index associate with the self-reported cheating behavior of college students.
Finite Element Based Monte Carlo Simulation of Options on Lévy Driven Assets

This paper extends the simulation algorithm by Andreasen & Huge (2011) to the simulation of option prices and deltas on Levy driven assets. The simulation is performed relying on the inverse transition matrix of the discretized PDE. Each row describes the evolution of option prices and can thus be seen as the underlying’s transition probability distribution. We demonstrate how one can get accurate prices and deltas of European options on VG and CGMY via Monte Carlo simulations.
Modeling Non-Heme Iron Halogenases: High-Spin Oxoiron(IV)–Halide Complexes That Halogenate C–H Bonds

The non-heme iron halogenases CytC3 and SyrB2 catalyze C-H bond halogenation in the biosynthesis of some natural products via S = 2 oxoiron(IV)-halide intermediates. These oxidants abstract a hydrogen atom from a substrate C-H bond to generate an alkyl radical that reacts with the bound halide to form a C-X bond chemoselectively. The origin of this selectivity has been explored in biological systems but has not yet been investigated with synthetic models. Here we report the characterization of S = 2 [Fe(IV)(O)(TQA)(Cl/Br)](+) (TQA = tris(quinolyl-2-methyl)amine) complexes that can preferentially halogenate cyclohexane. These are the first synthetic oxoiron(IV)-halide complexes that serve as spectroscopic and functional models for the halogenase intermediates. Interestingly, the nascent substrate radicals generated by these synthetic complexes are not as short-lived as those obtained from heme-based oxidants and can be intercepted by O2 to prevent halogenation, supporting an emerging notion that rapid rebound may not necessarily occur in non-heme oxoiron(IV) oxidations.
Chapter 5: Coordinating the Overlapping Regulation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, in the Law and Policy of Environmental Federalism

States have traditionally played a substantial role in managing wildlife, but play a very small role in implementing the Endangered Species Act, and an even smaller role with other federal wildlife statutes. The state and federal programs operate largely independently of one another, only minimally taking each other into account in making policy choices. This disconnect between the federal government and states results in both inefficiencies and potentially harmful incentives. While states and local governments are best positioned to manage local habitat, federal oversight is needed to ensure that our widely shared benefits (biodiversity) are not lost to a tragedy of the commons problem, so each has something valuable to bring to the table, but perhaps do not need to function as distinctly as they do. As climate change worsens, and wildlife migrates or needs to be assisted with relocation, on-the-ground federal involvement will likely become even more necessary. While it may be possible to develop work-arounds for federal wildlife laws, there may be conflicts with state regulation of endangered species. Cutting-edge active management techniques designed to assist species adaptation to climate change will require multi-jurisdictional collaboration among land managers. This chapter will explore the existing federalism structure, which developed somewhat unintentionally and at random. Then, taking into account the changing needs of species, especially the more climate-sensitive species, it will draw attention to aspects of the current system that are not likely carry well into the future.