cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cataloging Internet resources.

The number of resources available on the Internet continues to expand exponentially, but finding appropriate resources is still a fragmented, hit-or-miss operation. Traditional library expertise in bibliographic description and access should be applied to the management of this emerging body of material. In the process, catalogers will be able to assess the adequacy of current tools (e.g., cataloging codes, machine-readable cataloging formats, integrated library systems) for providing access to Internet resources and will contribute credibly to design or redesign of access tools. This paper outlines the major issues that must be considered in cataloging electronic resources.
Urinary Tract Stones: From the Invisible to the Clearly Distinct and Discernible Stone !

The human body can manufacture a variety of different stone types (See Fig. 6.1). The more common types of stones include calcium, uric acid, struvite and cystine. There are a variety of other stones that while unique, are rarely seen in clinical practice. This chapter will address some of the more common and unusual stone types.
Collaboration and Connections: Investigating the Use of Teacher Candidate-Created Protocols to Connect Research to Classroom Practice in an Educator Preparation Program.

This study investigated the effects of using teacher candidate-created observation protocols based on current research on classroom practices to connect research to practice. The study examined the extent to which mentor teachers modeled current research-based practices as measured by the protocols and explored the frequency with which the practices were observed. Findings indicated that teacher candidates had a positive experience applying research to practice, that utilization of the protocols created an awareness of best practices being used, and the importance of individualizing the practices to meet student needs. Individualization of utilization based on mentor teacher personalities was also observed and many practices the teacher candidates selected were utilized in the mentor classrooms, particularly in the areas of lesson planning and reading instruction.
Applications of “Omics” Technologies to Study Gut Health in Poultry

The US poultry industry is one of the most successful sectors in agriculture supplying products to consumers globally. The poultry industry implements good management practices, improved genetic selection, and judicious nutritional strategies to provide consumers with wholesome, nutritious, and safe poultry products. With recent advancements in next-generation “omics” technology, the chicken gut has become the focus of extensive research for improving poultry productivity and resistance against various enteric pathogens. Systems biology approaches are now able to describe poultry gut microbiota at both genetic and functional levels. At present, limited information is known about avian microbiome as it relates to poultry health and safety; however, extensive research efforts are underway to delineate the effect of poultry gut microbiota on various production parameters, disease resistance, and overall health of birds. In addition, the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate the gut microbiome are being studied. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge and novel research that are using various omics approaches to study gut health in poultry.
Temporal Coordination and Sonority of Jazani Arabic Word-Initial Clusters

Previous research on the organization of syllable-structure, relying on the timing of the articulators suggests that though both English and Moroccan Arabic have word-initial consonant clusters, Moroccan Arabic does not have complex onsets, while English does (Browman and Goldstein, 1988; Byrd, 1995; Shaw et al., 2011). However, typically, such research employs expensive articulatory equipment. This limits the research to those who have access to such technology. Here, we advocate the use of the acoustic measurements with carefully selected stimuli. We conducted an experiment on 7 native speakers of Jazani Arabic, who produced 6 repetitions of 78 target words (34 real, 44 nonce), which varied in the number of onset consonant (C1, C2), and the sonority profiles. Similarly, to Moroccan Arabic, the results show that onset consonant alignments in Jazani Arabic are consistent with the simplex onset organization. Unlike Italian, the temporal pattern of Jazani Arabic remained the same, as simplex onsets across the sonority profiles. The study shows the effectiveness of acoustic measurements as a tool to understand syllabic organization, through studying the temporal co-ordination patterns.
The Plains Political Tradition: Essays on South Dakota Political Culture

Review of: "Plains Political Tradition: Essays on South Dakota Political Culture," edited by Jon K. Lauck, John E. Miller and Donald C. Simmons Jr. .
The Rise of Jonas Olsen: A Norwegian Immigrant’s Saga

Review of: "The Rise of Jonas Olsen: A Norwegian Immigrant’s Saga," by Johannes B. Wist, translated by Orm Overland.
Structural Identification of Monounsaturated Branched Chain Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Combination of Electron Ionization and Covalent Adduct Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Monounsaturated normal fatty acids (n-MUFA) and saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) are structurally characterized by separate tandem mass spectrometry methods for double bond localization and for chain branching in their respective fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derivatives; however, these methods have never been applied to branched monounsaturated FAME. Here, we report application of electron ionization (EI)-MS/MS and solvent-mediated covalent adduct chemical ionization (CACI)-MS/MS of monounsaturated BCFA methyl esters (MUBCFAME) of a chain length of 15–20 carbons. A novel system was used to implement CI with low vapor pressure reagents in a tabletop triple quadrupole MS. Anteiso-MUBCFA EI-MS/MS of the molecular ion (M) yields a characteristic diagnostic ion [M-29]+. iso-MUBCFA can be distinguished from n-MUFA by an ion intensity ratio of [M-32]+/[M-43]+, with iso-MUBCFA yielding a ratio greater than 1.7, while n-MUFA yields a ratio less than 1.0. Chain branching at the iso and anteiso position...
Brand Extension Strategies in the Film Industry: Factors behind Financial Performance of Adaptations and Sequels

In the film industry, which is notoriously high risk, sequels and adaptations stand out as successful films. Conceptualizing adaptations and sequels as extended brands, this paper takes an in-depth...
Integrative Activity of Mating Loci, Environmentally Responsive Genes, and Secondary Metabolism Pathways during Sexual Development of Chaetomium globosum.

ABSTRACT The origins and maintenance of the rich fungal diversity have been longstanding issues in evolutionary biology. To investigate how differences in expression regulation contribute to divergences in development and ecology among closely related species, transcriptomes were compared between Chaetomium globosum, a homothallic pathogenic fungus thriving in highly humid ecologies, and Neurospora crassa, a heterothallic postfire saprotroph. Gene expression was quantified in perithecia at nine distinct morphological stages during nearly synchronous sexual development. Unlike N. crassa, expression of all mating loci in C. globosum was highly correlated. Key regulators of the initiation of sexual development in response to light stimuli—including orthologs of N. crassasub-1, sub-1-dependent gene NCU00309, and asl-1—showed regulatory dynamics matching between C. globosum and N. crassa. Among 24 secondary metabolism gene clusters in C. globosum, 11—including the cochliodones biosynthesis cluster—exhibited highly coordinated expression across perithecial development. C. globosum exhibited coordinately upregulated expression of histidine kinases in hyperosmotic response pathways—consistent with gene expression responses to high humidity we identified in fellow pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Bayesian networks indicated that gene interactions during sexual development have diverged in concert with the capacities both to reproduce asexually and to live a self-compatible versus self-incompatible life cycle, shifting the hierarchical roles of genes associated with conidiation and heterokaryon incompatibility in N. crassa and C. globosum. This divergence supports an evolutionary history of loss of conidiation due to unfavorable combinations of heterokaryon incompatibility in homothallic species. IMPORTANCE Fungal diversity has amazed evolutionary biologists for decades. One societally important aspect of this diversity manifests in traits that enable pathogenicity. The opportunistic pathogen Chaetomium globosum is well adapted to a high-humidity environment and produces numerous secondary metabolites that defend it from predation. Many of these chemicals can threaten human health. Understanding the phases of the C. globosum life cycle in which these products are made enables better control and even utilization of this fungus. Among its intriguing traits is that it both is self-fertile and lacks any means of propagule-based asexual reproduction. By profiling genome-wide gene expression across the process of sexual reproduction in C. globosum and comparing it to genome-wide gene expression in the model filamentous fungus N. crassa and other closely related fungi, we revealed associations among mating-type genes, sexual developmental genes, sexual incompatibility regulators, environmentally responsive genes, and secondary metabolic pathways.
Acceleration of glass alteration rates induced by zeolite seeds at controlled pH

Abstract As the glass-water reaction proceeds, certain glass compositions undergo a delayed acceleration in the alteration rate – a phenomenon that is commonly referred to as Stage III behavior – which generally coincides with zeolite formation. However, studying Stage III in the laboratory is difficult because the time scale required to observe Stage III behavior can vary from months to several years, and the solution conditions that initiate this acceleration remain poorly understood. Consequently, the development of a corrosion test method capable of quantifying Stage III rates in a timely manner would be of great benefit to both the scientific community and policy makers concerned with nuclear waste disposal. In this work, we induced and measured the acceleration in the corrosion rate of the AFCI glass by seeding static corrosion tests with zeolite Na–P2 at imposed pH90°C values ranging from 9.5 to 11.5. The log10 induced Stage III rates increased linearly with increasing pH and were measured to be between the forward and residual rates of AFCI. Tests designed to compare induced Stage III rates obtained for different seeding times showed that the induced Stage III rates were faster in the absence of an alteration layer. In summary, the use of the seeded test method allows for a quantification of induced Stage III rates in a relatively short, one-month time period.
Fumbling to the future? Socio-technical regime change in the recorded music industry

Abstract In this paper, I draw on the institutional entrepreneurship and sociotechnical imaginaries literature to develop a prospective and actor-centric approach to understanding technological transitions. Empirically, I examine the initiatives that newcomers and incumbents engaged in between 1990 and 2005 to transition the socio-technical regime associated with recorded music. My account reveals the limited ability of these actors to effectively migrate the regime despite initiating several efforts to do so – a pattern of behavior I term the fragility of institutional entrepreneurship. I identify underlying factors for why this is the case and suggest that these can contribute to a regime remaining in a state of flux for an extended period of time. I also demonstrate the emergence of provisional regimes or temporary settlements between actors that either gain traction or are themselves transformed over time. In specifying the micro-processes that unfold as part of such transitions, I provide a complementary perspective to the current theorizing around socio-technical regime migration, and contribute fresh insights to the institutional entrepreneurship and sociotechnical imaginaries literature.
Use of theory to guide development and application of sensor technologies in Nursing

Sensor technologies for health care, research, and consumers have expanded and evolved rapidly. Many technologies developed in commercial or engineering spaces, lack theoretical grounding and scientific evidence to support their need, safety, and efficacy. Theory is a mechanism for synthesizing and guiding knowledge generation for the discipline of nursing, including the design, implementation, and evaluation of sensors and related technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. In this paper, three nurse scientists summarize their presentations at the Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science 2019 Advanced Methods Conference on Expanding Science of Sensor Technology in Research discussing the theoretical underpinnings of sensor technologies development and use in nursing research and practice. Multiple theories with diverse epistemological roots guide decision-making about whether or not to apply sensors to a given use; development of, components of, and mechanisms by which sensor technologies are expected to work; and possible outcomes.
Contributors to Independent Research Funding Success from the Perspective of K12 BIRCWH Program Directors.

ABSTRACT Introduction Faculty training awards are an important means of advancing early career faculty in research. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) is a long-running K12 career development program and has been integral in promoting the research success of faculty nationally. We surveyed BIRCWH program directors to understand factors likely to influence long-term research careers and funding success. Materials and Methods We developed an online survey containing open-ended questions about individual and programmatic attributes and activities that promote success in achieving independent research funding. Domains of interest included: 1) strategies for funding success; 2) traits for predicting success; 3) groups considered vulnerable to attrition; and 4) existing resources and means of support. Results Fifteen institutions (75%) were included in the final analysis. Passion for research, persistence, resilience, and strong mentorship relationships were identified by all directors as factors important to scholar success. Responses also revealed an important pattern: program directors attributed attrition either to individual or organizational characteristics. This distinction has meaningful consequences for framing efforts to diminish attrition. Faculty who were clinicians, women, parents and underrepresented minorities were identified as vulnerable to attrition from the research careers. Common perceived challenges in these groups included isolation/feeling alienated, juggling numerous priorities, inadequate research time, lack of role models, and work-life balance issues. Conclusion K12 BIRCWH directors identified persistence and resilience and developing community, networks, and other support opportunities as elements of scholar success. Programs and mentors can help early career faculty by teaching skills and providing tools they can use to maximize the value of these opportunities and expand their mentees’ research relationships. Our study also highlights the importance of social factors, particularly isolation, on clinicians, women, and minoritized scholars on career success.
Constructing Causal Networks Through Regressions: A Tutorial.

Background Significant progress has been made in the practice of conducting causal analysis using network models. Despite this progress, there is limited evidence that hospital risk managers are using these analytical models. Objective This article introduces the causal network, its related concepts, and methods of analysis. The article demonstrates how hospital risk managers can use existing regression software to construct a causal network and identify root causes of an adverse event. Methods Causal networks depict cause and effect in a set of variables. In this context, causes are strong correlations that meet 3 additional criteria: (1) causes occur prior to effects, (2) there is an articulated mechanism for how causes lead to effects, and (3) the association between cause and effect is not spurious, meaning the association persists even after other variables are statistically controlled for (a method of analysis called counterfactual). A causal network can be constructed through repeated use of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. In the proposed regressions, the response variable is any variable in the data. The independent variables are variables that occur prior to the response variable. By design, the statistically significant coefficients in the time-constrained LASSO regressions identify "direct" causes of the response variables. When direct causes of all variables are identified, then the entire network model, including root causes, has been specified. In the final step, the parameters of the network model (ie, strength of causal associations) are estimated by fitting the network structure to the available data. We demonstrate these concepts through fitting a network model to simulated data for causes of excessive boarding in emergency departments. Results The network (involving 12 causes, over 4 periods, and 1 sentinel event) was accurately recovered from the simulated case reports. The recovered network did not differ from the original network used to simulate the data in any of the 156 possible links. The recovered network allowed the identification of root and direct causes. It showed that hospital occupancy rate, and not emergency department efficiency, was root cause of excessive emergency department boarding. Discussion Causal networks can provide insights into root, and direct, causes of an adverse event. These models provide empirical tests of causes of adverse events. We encourage the use of these methods by hospital risk managers.
Tomographic color Schlieren refractive index mapping for computed axial lithography

Computed axial lithography, when used in polymeric systems, directly solidifies freeform three-dimensional geometries inside liquid or gelled materials. Currently, this patterning system operates in open loop where projections are designed prior to the print so identification of errors and corrections can only be done after the printed object has been processed. This work introduces an in-situ 3D refractive index monitoring system to track localized material conversion by performing tomographic reconstruction from color Schlieren images. Our system successfully reconstructed evolving phase objects inside resins and the reconstruction quality was verified by comparison with isosurface laser scans. The technique provides support for physics-based real-time pattern modification to improve print fidelity and reduce manual iteration time when experimenting with new materials.
Mortality in patients with hepatic gas on point‐of‐care ultrasound in cardiac arrest: Does location matter?

Purpose Prior research has suggested an association of hepatic venous gas with mortality in cardiac arrest. As point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is frequently used in the context of resuscitation, we sought to evaluate if the presence of hepatic gas on POCUS had a similar mortality association. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients who experienced nontraumatic cardiac arrest. Archived ultrasound images were independently reviewed to determine the presence of gas in the hepatic parenchyma and vasculature. Electronic medical records were then reviewed to collect remaining clinical data. Results From 1 January 2017 through 16 June 2019, 87 patients met inclusion criteria. Among them, 68 (78.2%) patients died. Among those who died, 40 (58.8%) had hepatic gas, while 28 (41.2%) had none. Only a single survivor demonstrated hepatic venous gas (11%). While the difference in mortality with respect to presence of undifferentiated hepatic gas was not significant (P = .37), there was a significant difference with respect to the presence of venous gas (P = .004). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the incidence of postarrest hepatic gas on POCUS was common, and that the presence of hepatic venous gas during cardiac resuscitation was associated with increased mortality, while hepatic parenchymal gas alone was not.
Jews, Imperial Liberalism, and the Predicament of “Small Nations”: Lewis B. Namier’s Gentry Nationalism

This chapter aims to draw the lines connecting the three strands in Lewis B. Namier’s work: the Jewish-Zionist, the central European, and the British-imperial. A first section assesses the impact the early exposure to new colonial history and federalist imperial ideas had on him in subsequent years. The second section focuses on Namier’s wartime activities and involvement at the Paris Peace Conference, and on his close contacts with R. W. Seton-Watson’s “New Europe” group and Tomas Masaryk and his circle of supporters. The third section examines Namier’s Zionist activities and the way in which his enthusiastic endorsement of the forgotten scheme of turning Palestine into a British dominion was compatible with his earlier notions of liberal imperialism and views of national self-determination under the aegis of empire.
Molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variability in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases

Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are a group of rheumatologic disorders caused by dysregulation in the innate immune system. The molecular mechanisms of these disorders are linked to defects in inflammasome-mediated, NF-κB-mediated or interferon-mediated inflammatory signalling pathways, cytokine receptors, the actin cytoskeleton, proteasome complexes and various enzymes. As with other human disorders, disease-causing variants in a single gene can present with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. In some cases, pathogenic variants in the same gene can be inherited either in a recessive or dominant manner and can cause distinct and seemingly unrelated phenotypes, although they have a unifying biochemical mechanism. With an enhanced understanding of protein structure and functionality of protein domains, genotype-phenotype correlations are beginning to be unravelled. Many of the mutated proteins are primarily expressed in haematopoietic cells, and their malfunction leads to systemic inflammation. Disease presentation is also defined by a specific effect of the mutant protein in a particular cell type and, therefore, the resulting phenotype might be more deleterious in one tissue than in another. Many patients present with the expanded immunological disease continuum that includes autoinflammation, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and atopy, which necessitate genetic testing.
World dividends and tax shocks

Abstract For a sample of 28,895 firms across 30 countries and 29 years, there is a negative relation between dividend tax rates and dividend payout. Firms increase dividend payout in response to both absolute and relative (to capital gains tax rates) decreases in dividend tax rates. This negative relation is robust to both increases and decreases and both shocks and continuous variation in dividend tax rates and affects both dividend payer status and dividend payout level. However, dividend payers do not increase dividend payout levels following decreases in dividend tax rates. The negative relation between dividend tax rates and dividend payout is stronger in countries and firms with better governance and suggests a dividend taxation elasticity of −0.45.
Outcomes for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer with Radical Cystectomy or Trimodal Therapy in US Veterans.

Background Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains undertreated despite multiple potentially curative options. Both radical cystectomy (RC) with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trimodal therapy (TMT), including transurethral resection of bladder tumor followed by chemoradiotherapy, are standard treatments. Objective To evaluate real-world clinical outcomes of RC with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RC-NAC), RC without NAC, TMT with National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-preferred radiosensitizing chemotherapy including cisplatin or mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil (pTMT), and TMT with nonpreferred chemotherapy (npTMT). Design setting and participants US veterans with nonmetastatic MIBC (T2-4aN0-3M0) were studied. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Overall mortality (OM) was evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. Bladder cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) was evaluated with multivariable Fine-Gray regression. Salvage cystectomy rates were obtained by chart review. Results and limitations Overall 2306 patients were included: 1472 (64%) with RC without NAC, 506 (22%) with RC-NAC, 163 (7%) with pTMT, and 165 (7%) with npTMT. On multivariable analysis, pTMT was associated with similar OM (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-1.50; p = 0.15) and BCSM (HR 1.34; 95% CI 0.99-1.83; p = 0.06) to RC-NAC; npTMT was associated with worse OM (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.61; p = 0.02) and BCSM (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.09-1.94; p = 0.01). RC without NAC was associated with similar OM (HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.95-1.24; p = 0.24) and BCSM (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.86-1.21; p = 0.79). When stratified by age, among patients ≥65 yr of age, treatment with pTMT was associated with similar OM (HR 1.14; 95% CI 0.87-1.50; p = 0.35) and BCSM (HR 1.11; 95% CI 0.76-1.62; p = 0.60). Among patients <65 yr of age, pTMT was associated with worse OM (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.14-2.91; p = 0.01) and BCSM (HR 2.51; 95% CI 1.52-4.13; p < 0.01). The 5-yr cumulative incidence of salvage cystectomy in the TMT group was 3.6%. Conclusions In MIBC, patients receiving pTMT have comparable survival in RC-NAC patients ≥65 yr and inferior survival in RC-NAC patients <65 yr. Salvage cystectomy rates were low. Patient summary Management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a multidisciplinary effort requiring thoughtful discussions with patients about treatment options, including trimodal therapy, which is an effective treatment option.
P22 COVID-19 Impacts on Self-Reported Food Safety Behaviors in Florida Youth

Background Measures to protect against the spread of COVID-19 include guidance on personal and environmental hygiene. Some guidelines related to COVID-19 directly align with or have similarity to evidence-based food safety practices (FSP) taught in nutrition education classes, including handwashing and washing produce before eating. Objective To understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth handwashing and washing produce before eating behaviors. Study Design, Setting, Participants Data were collected from youth (N = 1,098) in grades 3-5 who participated in SNAP-Education (SNAP-Ed) and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) in Florida. Utilizing common self-report survey measures, baseline measures from 3 years prior to the pandemic and 3 months during the pandemic were compared for handwashing before eating and washing produce before eating. Due to incomplete data collection during the first 8 months of the pandemic, only behaviors from October 20-January 31 intervals (October 2018- January 2021) were compared to control for seasonal differences. Measurable Outcomes/Analysis Behavioral measures are based on a frequency scale from 1 to 4 (4 being the most frequent). An independent samples t test was used to compare baseline FSP scores from intervals before and during the pandemic. Results No significant difference was found in the frequency of handwashing before and during COVID-19 (3.16 vs 3.18, respectively; P = 0.76). A significant increase was found in the frequency of washing produce before eating before and during COVID-19 (3.14 vs 3.31, respectively; P = 0.008). Conclusion This study did not find any significant changes in handwashing frequency during COVID-19, however, a significant increase in washing produce prior to eating was found. Handwashing prior to eating is a current CDC guideline for COVID-19 mitigation while washing produce prior to eating is not (CDC 2021). Changes in lifestyle and/or eating arrangements during the pandemic might explain these findings.
The role of prenatal posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma exposed women in predicting postpartum depression.

Research suggests that a history of trauma and prenatal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are predictive of postpartum depression (PPD). Pregnant women at risk for PPD are often identified through depression symptom measures, while PTSS also may help to identify those at increased risk. Women who do not endorse depressive symptoms, though experience PTSS, may be missed when screening is exclusively based on depressive symptoms. The current study aimed to determine if prenatal PTSS were associated with PPD at 4- and 12-week postpartum in trauma-exposed women. Pregnant women (N = 230) in their third trimester were assessed for depression and PTSS at pregnancy, 4 and 12 weeks postpartum. Traumatic life events were assessed during pregnancy. Hierarchical regression analyses examined predictors of PPD, including history of depression, number of past traumas, and symptoms from the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist short-form (PCL-6). At 4 and 12 weeks postpartum, history of trauma and depression did not predict depressive symptoms, however, irritability and unwanted intrusive memories of trauma were predictive of increased depressive symptoms. Prenatal irritability and unwanted memories may be predictive of elevated PPD symptoms. Future research should examine whether these symptoms represent increased risk of postpartum depressive symptoms to improve screening, prevention, and treatment efforts.
All Together Now: Becoming Global Citizens (1968–2003)

This chapter tracks the processes leading to the unraveling of the bi-polar world of the Cold War and the emergence of neoliberal globalization, from the global revolt of 1968 to the global revolution of 1989. A third tour around the world depicts how a new paradigm based on the shrinking of state interventionism and the unleashing of corporate power combined with the emergence of information economy resulting from the information revolution and the fostering of liberal and globalist ideologies has been taking root around the world since the 1970s and for more than three decades to come.
The Intelligence of Architectural Research

The three-volume The Handbook for Artificial Intelligence, proposed in 1975 and finally published in 1981, was intended to be an encyclopedic documentation of the first 25 years of work in the fiel...
An LDA Gating Technique for Bubble Measurement in Dilute Three-Phase Suspension Flows

A new method of measuring bubble size and velocity simultaneously in three-phase suspension flows by using a reference beam LDA system is developed in response to the need of the new, novel method of extracting additional underground oil by the introduction of compressed gas. Three photodetectors are used to obtain velocity, blocking period and other information of bubble characteristics. The operational principle, calculations, the block diagrams of discrimination and control logic circuits are described. Experimental investigations and sample results on bubble size and velocity measurements are also presented.
Successful pregnancies in the presence of spinal muscular atrophy: Two case reports

Abstract We report two cases of successful pregnancy in women with chronic, infantile onset, or type II spinal muscular atrophy, both of whom delivered healthy, unaffected babies. The patients required concurrent management by a physiatrist, pulmonologist, and perinatologist throughout the pregnancy. Complications included recurrent urinary tract infections, dyspnea and worsening of pulmonary function, wheelchair seating and positioning problems, and musculoskeletal and low back pain. These problems resolved postpartum. One woman had vaginal delivery, the other had caesarean section, both of which were well-tolerated. Because of severe musculoskeletal deformity, pelvic assessment is necessary to determine the mode of delivery. The uterus has normal contractility and effective labor patterns can be established. Spinal/epidural anesthesia may be contraindicated because of spine deformity. The pregnancies had no deleterious effect on the progression of the disease in our patients, both of whom reported a positive experience with great personal fulfillment.
Leader‐level influence on motivating language: A two‐level model investigation on worker performance and job satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the motivating language (ML) theory conceptualization by examining the role of leader‐level communication (as compared to the current dyadic level conceptualization) in employee performance and job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – Partial least squares (PLS) analysis is used to test how leader and dyadic‐based ML effects employee outcomes. PLS analysis is applied in an incremental fashion, adding leader‐level language after dyadic‐level ML had been included in the model. Such an incremental approach shows the extent of added variance by leader‐level ML. The sample is drawn from 151 health care workers in a Southeastern health facility.Findings – Results indicate that leader‐level ML significantly and positively effects follower performance. In comparison, dyadic‐level ML significantly and positively effects both employee performance and job satisfaction.Research limitations/implications – This research only examines a subset of the outcome variabl...
Perfect care improves value for ischemic stroke patients, hospitals, and payors (S11.001)

OBJECTIVE: To apply and test value driven metrics in stroke care BACKGROUND: Value is replacing volumes of care as the determinant for reimbursement. Value-based health care links patient care, cost of care and reimbursement for care. Value may be defined as quality+service+access (the numerator) divided by cost of care (the denominator). We created a “value team” to explore value of care for our patients. A subset of the value team was assigned to ischemic stroke. DESIGN/METHODS: We identified key metrics for ischemic stroke in the domains of quality, safety, and service and we measured those metrics in all ischemic stroke patients for five months (n=356). We defined “perfect care” as meeting all defined metrics. We measured direct cost of care for each patient. RESULTS: Of 356 patients, 183 met criteria for perfect care (51[percnt]). Mean direct hospital costs for patients receiving perfect care (n=183) was $4851. For patients who failed one or more care metric (n=173), mean direct cost of care was $11,583 (P<.0001). Missing just one metric (n=128) caused substantially higher mean direct cost of care ($10,630) compared to perfect care (p<.0001). Missing additional metrics added to the cost burden. The most costly metrics to fail were: 1) having a complication ($24,754), 2) exceeding projected length of stay ($8266), and missing the 60 minute target of door to intravenous tPa ($4938). CONCLUSIONS: Achieving perfect care in our cohort resulted in significantly less direct care costs. Failing just one care metric caused substantially higher direct costs. We plan to continue prospective measurement of value in stroke care at our facility, using perfect care as a benchmark and a goal. We plan to add metrics measuring patient-centered outcomes. We encourage other hospitals to test our method further and report their results. Disclosure: Dr. Dobbs has nothing to disclose. Dr. Heck has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elkins has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blackburn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boulanger has nothing to disclose.
An Evaluation of Techniques for Clustering Search Results

Abstract : The ability to effectively organize retrieval results becomes more important as the focus of Information Retrieval (IR) shifts towards interactive search processes. Automatic classification techniques are capable of providing the necessary information organization by arranging the retrieved data into groups of documents with common subjects. In this paper, we compare classification methods from IR and Machine Learning (ML) for clustering search results. Issues such as document representation, classification algorithms, and cluster representation are discussed. We introduce several evaluation techniques and use them in preliminary experiments. These experiments indicate that the proposed techniques have promise, but it is clear that user experiments are required to carry out more thorough evaluation.
Staphylococcus via an Interaction With the ELR+ CXC Chemokine ENA-78 Is Associated With BOS

Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated gram-positive bacterium after lung transplantation (LT) and has been associated with poor posttransplant outcomes, but its effect on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and death in the context of the allograft inflammatory environment has not been studied. A three-state Cox semi-Markovian model was used to determine the influence of allograft S. aureus and the ELR+ CXC chemokines on the survival rates and cause-specific hazards for movement from lung transplant (State 1) to BOS (State 2), from transplant (State 1) to death (State 3), and from BOS (State 2) to death (State 3). Acute rejection, pseudomonas pneumonia, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) CXCL5 and its interaction with S. aureus all increased the likelihood of transition from transplant to BOS. Transition to death from transplant was facilitated by pseudomonas infection and single lung transplant. Movement from BOS to death was affected by the interaction between aspergillus, pseudomonas and CXCL5, but not S. aureus. S. aureus isolation had state specific effects after LT and only in concert with elevated BALF CXCL5 concentrations did it augment the risk of BOS. Pseudomonas and elevated BALF concentrations of CXCL5 continued as significant risk factors for BOS and death after BOS in lung transplantation.
Origins of Initiation Rate Differences in Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Containing Chelating Benzylidenes

A series of second-generation ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts was investigated using a combination of reaction kinetics, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations in order to determine the relationship between the structure of the chelating o-alkoxybenzylidene and the observed initiation rate. Included in this series were previously reported catalysts containing a variety of benzylidene modifications as well as four new catalysts containing cyclopropoxy, neopentyloxy, 1-adamantyloxy, and 2-adamantyloxy groups. The initiation rates of this series of catalysts were determined using a UV/vis assay. All four new catalysts were observed to be faster-initiating than the corresponding isopropoxy control, and the 2-adamantyloxy catalyst was found to be among the fastest-initiating Hoveyda-type catalysts reported to date. Analysis of the X-ray crystal structures and computed energy-minimized structures of these catalysts revealed no correlation between the Ru–O bond length and Ru–O bond s...
Validity of using Gaussian Schell model for extended beacon studies

In many military applications that use Adaptive Optics (AO) a point source beacon is ideally required at the target to measure and to correct for the wavefront aberrations caused by propagation through the atmosphere. However, it is rarely possible to create a point source beacon at the target. The "extended beacons" that are created instead have intensity profiles with a finite spatial extent and exhibit varying degrees of spatial coherence. The Gaussian Schell model might be a convenient way to model these extended sources because of its analytical tractability. The present work examines the validity of using such a model by evaluating the scattered field from a rough surface target using a full wave electromagnetic solution (method of moments). The full wave electromagnetic calculation improves the fidelity of the analysis by capturing all aspects of laser-target interaction i.e. shadowing/ masking, multiple reflections etc. A variety of rough surface targets with different roughness statistics has been analyzed. This analysis will ultimately aid in understanding the key parameters of extended beacons and how they impact the Adaptive Optics (AO) system performance.
A concrete realization of the Hoare powerdomain

The lattice of non-empty Scott-closed subsets of a domain D is called the Hoare powerdomain of D. The Hoare powerdomain is used in programming semantics as a model for angelic nondeterminism. In this paper, we show that the Hoare powerdomain of any domain can be realized as the lattice of full subinformation systems of the domain’s corresponding information system as well as the lattice of non-empty down-sets of the system’s consistency predicate.
Glassy optical coatings by multisource evaporation

In this presentation, the concepts of bulk glass formation are discussed in light of their possible application to the production of glassy thin films for optical applications. Specifically, the systems Zr02-Si02 and Zr02-Mg0 were explored using electron beam coevap-oration for the film production. The films so produced were characterized using x-ray dif-fraction and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that while coevaporation of a traditional bulk glass former (Si02) to Zr02 was more effective in producing an amorphous mixture coating, other dopants (Mg0) could also achieve the same end if used in higher con-centrations. Key words: Ceramic coatings; Glassy; MgO; Si02; Thin films; and Zr02.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Anal adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive review

Adenocarcinoma of the anal canal is a rare form of a rare tumor. It remains less prevalent than both basaloid and keratinizing tumors of the anal canal. Within the category of anal adenocarcinomas, uniformity in histology, biology, or etiology is lacking. This makes subdivision of this rare entity by various parameters necessary. Several etiologic associations have been described, such as chronic fistula-in-ano, anal Crohn's disease, and anal sexual intercourse, raising the issue of cancer prevention and early detection. Various available therapeutic options are also discussed with emphasis on the seemingly promising results of preoperative chemo- and radiation therapy. Because of the rarity and apparent heterogeneity of this tumor, no comparative or analytic epidemiologic studies have been conducted that might resolve these issues. Whether histology differentiates anal adenocarcinoma from anal squamous or cloacogenic tumors in the determination of natural history and allocation to optimal therapy remains unclear. It may be that the gross anatomic location of the tumor alone determines the above and histology is superfluous.
Borehole sensor records quake

A permanent, self-contained borehole seismometer placed at 44°N, 160°E in the northwest Pacific on September 11, 1982, recorded the May 26 Japan quake while being serviced by the R/V Kana Keoki. The signal was recorded digitally (100 samples per second) and is undipped. Data are well above noise level from 0.03 Hz to over 40 Hz, a frequency span of more than 10 octaves, on all three orthogonal seismic components (4.5 Hz geophones). The 30 sec signals are shear and surface waves recorded 84 dB below the peak response of the geophones.
Trees as memory representations for simple visual patterns

The form of the memory representation for visual patterns consisting of a few line segments was investigated with three tasks. One task was the reproduction of remembered patterns using pencil and paper. The order in which the subparts of those patterns were reproduced was used to make suggestions about possible memory representations for the patterns. The second task involved rating the “goodness” of subparts of the patterns. These ratings were also interpreted as reflecting the underlying representations of the patterns. In the third task, the time required to recognize that a small pattern was part of a larger remembered pattern was used as further evidence about the memory representations of the patterns. The results from all three tasks are consistent with the theory that the memory representations are tree structures. Methods for deriving and comparing tree structures are discussed.
ACTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH B.C.G. FOR RECURRENT MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Abstract Adjuvant immunotherapy with B.C.G. was administered by scarification to twenty-eight patients after surgical resection of recurrent advanced malignant melanoma (stage III and IV). A lyophilised strain of B.C.G. (Tice) was compared to liquid B.C.G. (Pasteur) in various doses. Eight out of nine patients treated with Tice B.C.G. are alive and disease-free beyond one year (median, 60+ weeks). Sixteen out of nineteen patients treated with Pasteur B.C.G. are still alive (median, 40+ weeks), but only eight of these are disease-free. There has been a significant decrease in the relapse-rate and a significant improvement in the survival of patients treated with Tice B.C.G. compared to similar patient treated by surgery alone. There has been only slight improvement in prognosis in Pasteur B.C.G. treated patients. High doses of Tice B.C.G. induced a striking improvement in delayed-hypersensitivity skin reactions. Immunotherapy with lyophilised Tice B.C.G. seems to improve the prognosis of patients with resectable advanced malignant melanoma.
Urinary angiostatin levels are elevated in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective The poor prognosis associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is due to the lack of overt early symptoms and the absence of reliable diagnostic screening methods. Since many tumors over express angiogenic regulators, the purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated levels of the angiogenic or angiostatic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), endostatin (ES), and angiostatin (AS) were elevated in plasma and urine from patients with EOC. Methods VEGF, HGF, ES and AS were assayed by ELISA in samples from pilot cohort consisting of healthy women ( N =48; pre-menopausal N =23, post-menopausal N =25), women with benign gynecological disease ( N =54), patients with primary peritoneal cancer (PP) ( N =2) and EOC ( N =35). Wherever possible, parallel serum samples were measured for CA125 levels by ELISA. Results AS was the angioregulator that independently discriminated EOC patients from healthy individuals. Levels of urinary AS (uAS) from healthy individuals or women with benign gynecological disease averaged 21.4 ng/mL±3.7 and 41.5 ng/mL±8.8, respectively. In contrast, uAS averaged 115 ng/mL±39.2 and 276 ng/mL±45.8 from women with Stage I ( N =6) and late stage ( N =31) EOC, respectively. Furthermore, uAS was elevated in EOC patients regardless of tumor grade, stage, size, histological subtype, creatinine levels, menopausal status, or patient age, but appeared to complement CA125 measurements. Conclusions Levels of AS are elevated in the urine of patients with EOC and may be of diagnostic and/or prognostic clinical importance. Further studies of uAS as a biomarker for EOC alone or in combination with other markers are warranted.