cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A survey on effect of industrial impulse noise on hearing in workers for punching

Objective To explore the effect of industrial impulse noise on hearing in workers for punching.Methods 442 workers for punching and 128 workers for grinding were assigned to impulse noise group and steady-state noise group； 208 assembly workers without noise exposure were selected as control group.The results of pure-tone air conduction threshold audiometry were analyze.Results High-frequency hearing loss was detectable in 44.3％ of the workers for punching observed objects was in 4.1％; and noise-induced deafness was in 2.0％.Rate of hearing loss was higher in the impulse noise group than in the steady-state noise group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).With an elevation in CNE of 1dB ( A ) ·year,the risk of hearing loss in the workers for punching increased 12.3％ ( P＜ 0.01 ) and the risk in those for grinding increased 9.3％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Industrial impulse noise is worse than steady-state noise in damage to hearing. Key words: Impulse noise; Steady-state noise; Hearing loss; Cumulative noise exposure
Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery and Hysterectomy in Transmasculine Patients: Concomitant Versus Separate Surgeries

Study Objective To compare surgical complications and operative time in transmasculine patients receiving gender-affirming chest surgery and hysterectomy, either concomitantly or separately. Design Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting Large integrated health care system serving approximately 4.5 million members. Patients or Participants Patients 18 years or older undergoing gender-affirming chest surgery and hysterectomy between May 2012- December 2017. Interventions N/A Measurements and Main Results We identified 140 patients who underwent gender-affirming chest surgery and hysterectomy either on the same date (group 1) or different dates (group 2). Analysis was performed using Chi-square, Student's T-test, with significance defined at p Groups 1 and 2 had similar baseline characteristics. In both groups, the majority had oophorectomy performed. The route of hysterectomy differed, with vaginal more common in group 1 (Table 1). Group 1 had longer operative times than the combined operative times of both procedures in group 2. There were no significant differences in complications between groups 1 and 2 (Table 2) Conclusion Compared to separate surgeries, concomitant gender-affirming surgeries had longer operating times, but no statistical difference in complications or blood loss. Thus, concomitant chest surgery and hysterectomy are reasonable to offer transmasculine patients desiring a single surgical episode.
Combine Cryo-EM Density Map and Residue Contact for Protein Structure Prediction: A Case Study

Cryo-electron microscopy is a major structure determination technique for large molecular machines and membrane-associated complexes. Although atomic structures have been determined directly from cryo-EM density maps with high resolutions, current structure determination methods for medium resolution (5 to 10 A) cryo-EM maps are limited by the availability of structure templates. Secondary structure traces are lines detected from a cryo-EM density map for α-helices and β-strands of a protein. When combined with secondary structure sequence segments predicted from a protein sequence, it is possible to generate a set of likely topologies of α-traces and β-sheet traces. A topology describes the overall folding relationship among secondary structures; it is a critical piece of information for deriving the corresponding atomic structure. We propose a method for protein structure prediction that combines three sources of information: the secondary structure traces detected from the cryo-EM density map, predicted secondary structure sequence segments, and amino acid contact pairs predicted using MULTICOM. A case study shows that using amino acid contact prediction from MULTICOM improves the ranking of the true topology. Our observations convey that using a small set of highly voted secondary structure contact pairs enhances the ranking in all experiments conducted for this case.
No Equivalent Invariant Measures: Type III Maps

In this chapter we address the following question: if \((X,\mathcal B,\mu ,f)\) is an ergodic, invertible, nonsingular dynamical system, is there always a σ-finite invariant measure ν ∼ μ? And if not, what can be said about the measurable dynamics of f on X?
A Bayesian Regression Analysis of the Effects of Alert Presence and Scenario Criticality on Automated Vehicle Takeover Performance

ObjectiveThis study investigates the impact of silent and alerted failures on driver performance across two levels of scenario criticality during automated vehicle transitions of control.Background...
Impact of a pilot elective course to address student pharmacist well-being

Introduction Survey results from 2016 and 2018 at the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy highlighted mental health concerns for the student population, including struggles with depression, anxiety, and academic distress. This led to creation of a pilot well-being elective course for first year doctor of pharmacy students. This article describes how this course was assessed and adapted for the future. Methods The well-being elective course used a course-specific survey and the Brief Inventory of Thriving to assess student outcomes. The course-specific survey was based upon the course objectives and the University of Michigan Common Agenda for Well-Being. Both surveys were given pre- and post-course to identify change. Results Course survey results illustrated an improvement in student well-being over a single semester. Compared with pre-course responses, students who completed the course were significantly more likely to agree with statements indicating they had strong time management skills, resilience to manage the fluctuations of life, were able to make thoughtful choices to reduce harm and promote well-being, and overall rated their well-being as excellent. Additionally, nearly all students felt a sense of strengthened community with peers and faculty within the course, better able to recognize or refer a peer for help, and felt the course contributed to their overall well-being. Conclusions Implementation of this well-being elective pilot course provided students the tools and resources to improve upon their overall well-being in an effort to address anxiety, depression, and academic distress.
Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids in, Cell Structures and Functions

Publisher Summary Several methods are recognized that permit the separation of morphological constituents of the cell, in quantities sufficient for biochemical analysis. This chapter deals with the direct study of nature of a number of cellular complexes and the integration of biochemical functions. The reactivity of chemical compounds is determined not only by their elementary composition, but to a much greater extent, by the spatial disposition of the individual atoms within the molecule, and by the configuration of the molecule as a whole. This property that allows for considerable variations is fully utilized by biological systems and is considered the basis of the specificity of biochemical reactions. Proteins are products and constituents of cells. In the cell, proteins are the parts of the structures of considerable complexity, often in association with phospholipids or nucleic acids. Essentially, proteins and nucleic acids constitute the most popular structural constituents of the cell. However, lipids also account for as much as one-third of the cell mass, and that growing and metabolically active cells have a high phospholipid turnover. Phospholipids and ribonucleic acid are often found together in the cell, being especially concentrated in microsomes, mitochondria, and nucleoli.
Some Shortcomings of OCL, the Object Constraint Language of UML

We illustrate some shortcomings of the Object Constraint Language of UML, and ways in which it may be improved, by comparing it to Alloy, a simile object modeling language. We use the core package of the UML metamodel as a basis for the comparison.
Immunization coverage and its relationship to preventive health care visits among inner-city children in Baltimore.

Objective To provide empirical data on immunization coverage and the receipt of preventive health care to inform policy makers' efforts to improve childhood immunization. Design and methods We surveyed a random sample drawn from a birth cohort of 557 2-year-old children living in the inner-city of Baltimore. Complete information on all their preventive health care visits and immunization status was obtained from medical record audits of their health care providers. Main outcome measures Age-appropriate immunizations and preventive health care visits. Results By 3 months of age, nearly 80% made an age-appropriate preventive health visit, but by 7 months of age, less than 40% had a preventive visit that was age-appropriate. In the second year of life, 75% made a preventive health visit between their 12- and 17-month birthdays. The corresponding age-appropriate immunization levels were 71% for DTP1, 39% for DTP3, and 53% for measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Infants who received their DTP1 on-time were twice as likely to be up-to-date by 24 months of age. Conclusions Our analyses focus attention on the performance of the primary health care system, especially during the first 6 months of life. Many young infants are underimmunized despite having age-appropriate preventive visits, health insurance coverage through Medicaid, and providers who receive free vaccine from public agencies. Measles vaccination coverage could be improved by initiating measles-mumps-rubella vaccine vaccination, routinely, at 12 months among high risk populations.
Local Preferences in Affordable Housing: Special Treatment for Those Who Live or Work in a Municipality

Local governments are increasingly granting preference to local residents and employees when selecting occupants for affordable housing set-asides. These preferences risk being invalidated for three reasons. First, courts could view the preferences as a penalty on non-residents’ fundamental right to travel and migration. Second, preferences implemented with the intention of excluding protected classes of persons could violate the Equal Protection Clause. Finally, preferences could violate the Federal Fair Housing Act by creating or perpetuating discriminatory racial impacts. In order to avoid these legal risks, this Note proposes that local governments should structure their affordable housing selection programs as broadly and inclusively as possible. Specifically, local governments should: (1) offer multiple ways for an applicant to receive preference; (2) base the preferences on an expanded geographic area beyond the local government's particular jurisdictional boundaries; and (3) limit the scope and duration of the preferences.
Computer ethics and online learning

This millennium is experiencing a growth in online distance education and instructional technology. The concept of hybrid courses that have both an on-site and online component and pure online courses are becoming extremely popular. The increased use of computers across the curriculum necessitates that our students be knowledgeable about computer ethics and the related social and legal issues. This is true even more so for online students who are working in a more independent academic venue than their counterparts in the traditional classroom. A natural means of accomplishing this is to integrate the study of computer ethics across the curriculum. This paper describes examples of ethical issues some of which are subject independent and some that are subject dependent, including concerns such as intellectual property rights, critical thinking and data mining. A format for an instructor to generate his/her own examples and activities is also developed. Worksheets as well as class activities are included. Case studies and scenarios are presented as well.
Robust stability in matching markets

In a matching problem between students and schools, a mechanism is said to be robustly stable if it is stable, strategy-proof, and immune to a combined manipulation, where a student first misreports her preferences and then blocks the matching that is produced by the mechanism. We find that even when school priorities are publicly known and only students can behave strategically, there is a priority structure for which no robustly stable mechanism exists. Our main result shows that there exists a robustly stable mechanism if and only if the priority structure of schools is acyclic (Ergin 2002), and in that case, the student-optimal stable mechanism is the unique robustly stable mechanism.
Phosphorylation of β-Catenin at S33, S37, or T41 Can Occur in the Absence of Phosphorylation at T45 in Colon Cancer Cells

Several previous studies in a variety of systems have suggested that phosphorylation at S45 of beta-catenin is essential for subsequent phosphorylation at more NH(2)-terminal residues. Using genetic models expressing beta-catenin under endogenous regulation, we find that phosphorylation of beta-catenin at S45 is not required for phosphorylation at residues S33, S37, or T41 in human colon cancer cells, in contrast to prevailing models. These findings suggest that there are important cell- and organism-specific differences in even the most highly conserved signaling pathways and emphasize the importance of examining these pathways in the cancer cell types in which the pathways are actually deregulated.
Behavioral, Cognitive, and Motor Preparation Deficits in a Visual Cued Spatial Attention Task in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abnormalities in motor skills have been regarded as part of the symptomatology characterizing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been estimated that 80 % of subjects with autism display "motor dyspraxia" or clumsiness that are not readily identified in a routine neurological examination. In this study we used behavioral measures, event-related potentials (ERP), and lateralized readiness potential (LRP) to study cognitive and motor preparation deficits contributing to the dyspraxia of autism. A modified Posner cueing task was used to analyze motor preparation abnormalities in children with autism and in typically developing children (N = 30/per group). In this task, subjects engage in preparing motor response based on a visual cue, and then execute a motor movement based on the subsequent imperative stimulus. The experimental conditions, such as the validity of the cue and the spatial location of the target stimuli were manipulated to influence motor response selection, preparation, and execution. Reaction time and accuracy benefited from validly cued targets in both groups, while main effects of target spatial position were more obvious in the autism group. The main ERP findings were prolonged and more negative early frontal potentials in the ASD in incongruent trials in both types of spatial location. The LRP amplitude was larger in incongruent trials and had stronger effect in the children with ASD. These effects were better expressed at the earlier stages of LRP, specifically those related to response selection, and showed difficulties at the cognitive phase of stimulus processing rather that at the motor execution stage. The LRP measures at different stages reflect the chronology of cognitive aspects of movement preparation and are sensitive to manipulations of cue correctness, thus representing very useful biomarker in autism dyspraxia research. Future studies may use more advance and diverse manipulations of movement preparation demands in testing more refined specifics of dyspraxia symptoms to investigate functional connectivity abnormalities underlying motor skills deficits in autism.
Adaptive matched subspace detectors for hyperspectral imaging applications

Real-time detection and identification of man-made objects or materials ("targets") from airborne platforms using hyperspectral sensors are of great interest for civilian and military applications. Over the past several years, different algorithms for the detection of targets with known spectral signature have been developed. Most of these algorithms have been reviewed by Manolakis, Shaw and Keshava (see Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery, Orlando, FL, April 2000, SPIE) within a unified theoretical and notational framework. In this paper we study adaptive matched subspace detection algorithms for low probability, single-pixel or subpixel targets. These algorithms explore the linear mixing model to both specify the desired target and characterize the interfering background. The derived algorithms are theoretically and experimentally evaluated with regard to two desirable properties: capacity to operate in constant false alarm rate (CFAR) mode and target "visibility" enhancement. Furthermore, an approach is presented for taking into account target variability, when present, to improve detection.
Sunflower Cultivation on Coal Mine Refuse Piles in Appalachia for Diesel Biofuel Production from a Life-cycle Perspective☆

Abstract As demand for alternatives to petroleum fuels increases to meet renewable fuel policy requirements (an attempt to address global climate change concerns) both agricultural production of biofuel feedstock and feedstock-to-fuel conversion pathways must be examined for both energy efficiency and sustainability. The overarching agricultural method evaluated in this research is that of cultivating low-input biofuel feedstock on marginal lands. With a growing body of literature on sunflower crops cultivated on marginal land, as well as previous work by these researchers, describing positive overall outcomes, this study extended the scope of that previous research conducted by this group, specifically, examining low-input sunflower feedstock production on abandoned mine lands in the Appalachia, and subsequent feedstock conversion to diesel fuel alternatives. The previous life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrated that growing sunflower feedstock on a specific abandoned coal mine refuse pile in Appalachia for production of biodiesel would be environmentally sound and net-energy positive if conducted with low input agricultural practices, and if production continues five years after initial soil amelioration [1]. This LCA normalized the data and generalized the method in order to apply them to over 1000 coal mine refuse piles in three Appalachian states located through global information systems (GIS). Additionally, this study included two conversion pathways for diesel replacement biofuels, namely transesterification of sunflower oilseed for biodiesel production – included in the original LCA – and fast pyrolysis of sunflower silage for green diesel production – new to this study. The results of this study indicate when cultivating sunflower feedstock for biodiesel production on the average coal refuse pile in the Appalachian region produce approximately 11.6 barrels of biodiesel, plus 18.5 barrels of green diesel, with a similar environmental impact landscape to that of the specific site explored in the original LCA. Including the additional biofuel pathway of fast pyrolysis does alter the energy return outlook for the average Appalachian site, depending on the transportation distances and yields, the energy return varies greatly between sites, however overall environmental impacts only increase nominally. Site by site evaluation should be conducted before implementation to ensure the benefits outweigh negative impacts and a positive energy return is achieved. Because of the approximately 32 thousand barrels per year of renewable diesel biofuel which could be produced from 6642 ha of coal refuse piles in only three states, it is highly recommended that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) consider expanding the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) to include biofuel production on marginal land for Renewable Identification Number (RIN) assignment.
Impaired Chemiluminescence During Phagocytosis of Opsonized Bacteria

A simple technique is presented for rapid screening of leukocytes of patients suspected of having a defective intracellular mechanism for the bactericidal and digestive disposal of bacteria.
Soluble Antigens of Vaccinia-infected Mammalian Cells I. Separation of Virus-induced Soluble Antigens into Two Classes on the Basis of Physical Characteristics

Cohen, Gary H. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia), and Wesley C. Wilcox. Soluble antigens of vaccinia-infected mammalian cells. I. Separation of virus-induced soluble antigens into two classes on the basis of physical characteristics. J. Bacteriol. 92:676-686. 1966-Infection of mammalian cells with members of the poxvirus group elicits production of a number of virus-induced, soluble antigens. Immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion techniques employing soluble antigen preparations obtained from vaccinia virus-infected KB cells revealed at least seven well-defined immunoprecipitin bands. On the basis of fractionation and subsequent characterization of the soluble antigen mixture by gel filtration, calcium phosphate chromatography, isoelectric precipitation, disc electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation studies, two distinct classes of virus-induced antigens differing markedly in molecular weight were recognized. A high molecular weight class (200,000 and greater) contained at least three virus-induced antigens; a low molecular weight class (50,000 to 100,000 range) contained at least four immunoprecipitins. Further separation of the antigens within the two groups was accomplished. The two classes were distinguished also by their ability to stimulate synthesis of virus-neutralizing antibody. Antisera prepared against the high molecular weight class proved effective in neutralizing vaccinia virus. In contrast, the low molecular weight antigens showed little, if any, ability to induce formation of neutralizing antibody.
Effects of temperature on wood soot pah decay in atmospheres with sunlight and low NOx

Abstract Wood smoke particles were exposed to midday sunlight in outdoor Teflon film chambers. Chamber NO2 concentrations were limited to 0.03 ppm, and less than 0.01 ppm of photochemically generated ozone was produced. The overall initial rate of PAH decay on soot particles could be approximated by a first order rate expression. At moderate temperatures (~ 20°C) the rate of PAH decay on soot particles was appreciable with atmospheric half-lives of individual PAH in the range of 30–60 min. At temperatures of −7°C the rates of decay were substantially slower with half-lives that extended to many hours if not days. When outdoor temperatures changed from 20°C to −7°C the rate of decay of six different PAH decreased by a factor of four to ten. These experiments strongly suggest that the magnitude of PAH decay on soot particles due to photo-induced processes can be strongly influenced by temperature.
Stabilization of the Charged Vacuum Created by Very Strong Electrical Fields in Nuclear Matter

The expectation value of electrical charge in charged vacuum is calculated utilizing the Thomas-Fermi model. We find almost complete screening of the nuclear charge. For any given nuclear density there is an upper bound for the electrical potential. For normal nuclear densities this value is - 250 MeV. This suggests that the vacuum is stable against spontaneous formation of heavy, charged particles.
Path Planning Using Potential Field Representation

Finding a safe, smooth, and efficient path to move an object through obstacles is necessary for object manipulation in robotics and automation. This paper presents an approach to two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional findpath problems that divides the problem into two steps. First, rough paths are found based only on topological information. This is accomplished by assigning to each obstacle an artificial potential similar to the electrostatic potential to prevent the moving object from colliding with the obstacles, and then locating minimum potential valleys. Second, the paths defined by the minimum potential valleys are modified to obtain an optimal collision-free path and orientations of the moving object along the path. Three algorithms are given to accomplish this second step. The first algorithm simply minimizes a weighted sum of the path length and the total potential experienced by the moving object along the path. This algorithm solves only "easy" problems where the free space between the obstacles is wide. The other two algorithms are developed to handle the problems in which intelligent maneuvering of the moving object among tightly packed obstacles is necessary. These three algorithms based on potential fields are nearly complete in scope, and solve a large variety of problems.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Comparison of linear and nonlinear buck converter models with varying compensator gain values for design optimization

Nonlinear phenomena in a closed-loop pulse-width modulated (PWM) buck converter are analyzed. We show three different methods to model the buck converter: a linearized small-signal model, a nonlinear model with a stiff source, and a nonlinear model with a rectified grid source. Using three different compensator gain values that were specifically chosen from a bifurcation diagram, the step responses of the three buck converter models are compared. With the ultimate goal of optimizing the design process of switching converters, the nonlinear dynamics of switching converters is studied using simulation models built in MATLAB/Simulink/PLECS.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Structures of Diethylnitrosamine Metalloporphyrin Complexes of Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium.

Diethylnitrosamine reacts with [(TPP)Fe(THF)2]ClO4 (TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato dianion) in toluene to generate the bis-nitrosamine complex, [(TPP)Fe(Et2NNO)2]ClO4, in 96% isolated yield. The related [(TTP)Fe(Et2NNO)2]SbF6 (TTP = 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinato dianion) complex is prepared in 70% isolated yield via a similar reaction in CH2Cl2. Reaction of [(TPP)Fe(Et2NNO)2]ClO4 in CH2Cl2 with NO gas results in the displacement of one of the Et2NNO ligands to give the air-sensitive and thermally sensitive [(TPP)Fe(NO)(Et2NNO)]ClO4 derivative. Reaction of (OEP)Ru(CO) (OEP = 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato dianion) with NOBF4 in CH2Cl2 gives [(OEP)Ru(NO)(H2O)]BF4 as the final isolated product (after exposure to air) in 71% isolated yield. The aqua ligand is then displaced by Et2NNO in CH2Cl2 to give [(OEP)Ru(NO)(Et2NNO)]BF4 in 82% isolated yield. The valence isoelectronic (OEP)Ru(CO)(Et2NNO) compound is prepared in 71% isolated yield by the addition of excess Et2NNO to (OEP)Ru(CO...
Factors related to persistence among Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White undergraduates at a predominantly white university: Comparison between first and fourth year cohorts

This follow-up study of undergraduate student attrition at Indiana University makes it clear that there exist two different issues: (1) student attrition and the continuing high dropout rates among Blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans on campus, and (2) the negative quality of campus life for ethnic minorities, including Asians, who have relatively low attrition rates and strong feelings of social alienation and dissatisfaction.
Preparation and Properties of CrN/NbN Nanomultilayers by Dual-Target D.C. Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

In this work, CrN/NbN nanometer multi-layers were deposited on the metal substrates by a dual-target DC reactive magnetron sputtering system. X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer were used to analysis the phase composition, crystal structure, surface morphology, fracture morphology and elemental composition of thin films. Micro Hardness Tester and wear-resistant experiments were used to test the hardness and wear properties of the films.
Inhibition of factor XI activation attenuates inflammation and coagulopathy while improving the survival of mouse polymicrobial sepsis

Severe bacterial sepsis often leads to a systemic procoagulant and proinflammatory condition that can manifest as disseminated intravascular coagulation, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Because activation of the contact proteases factor XII (FXII), prekallikrein, and factor XI (FXI) can trigger coagulation and inflammatory responses, the contact factors have been considered potential targets for the treatment of sepsis. However, the pathogenic role of contact activation in severe infections has not been well defined. We therefore investigated whether an anticoagulant antibody (14E11) that selectively inhibits prothrombotic FXI activation by activated FXII (FXIIa) modifies the course of bowel perforation-induced peritoneal sepsis in mice. Early anticoagulation with 14E11 suppressed systemic thrombin- antithrombin complex formation, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and reduced platelet consumption in the circulation and deposition in the blood vessels. Treatment with 14E11 within 12 hours after bowel perforation significantly improved survival compared with vehicle treatment, and the saturating dose did not increase tail bleeding. These data suggest that severe polymicrobial abdominal infection induces prothrombotic FXI activation, to the detriment of the host. Systemic anticoagulation by inhibiting FXI activation or FXIIa procoagulant activity during sepsis may therefore limit the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation without increasing bleeding risks.
Chemistry of HIV-1 virucidal Pt complexes having neglected bidentate sp2 N-donor carrier ligands with linked triazine and pyridine rings. synthesis, NMR spectral features, structure, and reaction with guanosine.

Complexes of the types LPtCl2 and [L2Pt]X2 [L = substituted 3-(pyridin-2‘-yl)-1,2,4-triazine] were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and, for the first time, by X-ray crystallography in an effort to determine the coordination properties of this novel class of inorganic medicinal agents possessing HIV-1 virucidal activity. The agents containing either one or two sp2 N-donor bidentate ligands are referred to as ptt (platinum triazine) agents. The X-ray structures of three LPtCl2 compounds revealed the expected pseudo-square-planar geometry. The X-ray structure of [(pyPh2t)2Pt](BF4)2 [pyPh2t = 3-(pyridin-2‘-yl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine] has the expected trans relationship of the unsymmetrical L and is essentially planar, an unusual property for a PtII complex with two bidentate sp2 N donors. HIV-1 is an RNA virus; the guanosine ribonucleoside (Guo) binds (MepyMe2t)PtCl2 at both (inequivalent) available coordination sites to form [(MepyMe2t)Pt(Guo)2]2+ [MepyMe2t = 3-(4‘-methylpyridin-2‘-yl)...
Nurturing our future through effective mentoring: Developing roots as well as wings aaasp 1993 presidential address

Abstract According to Scanlan, sport psychology is not for the faint hearted. She advises prospective sport psychologists to seriously assess the strength of their “pioneering spirit.” Sport psychologists, Scanlan continues, often have to travel uncharted routes, and they should make sure that they can handle the challenges, risks, and ambiguities. (Straub & Hinman, 1992, p. 307)
Direct Visualization of 2-Butanol Adsorption and Dissociation on TiO2(110)

High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of identical regions of a TiO2(110) surface were gathered before and after controlled doses of 2-butanol (CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3) at ambient temperature (∼300 K). When dosing is initiated, 2-butanol preferentially adsorbs at bridge-bonded oxygen vacancy (BBOV) sites and dissociates via O−H, not C−O, bond scission to form paired 2-butoxy and hydroxyl species evidenced by two local maxima in STM line profiles. As the dose increases, but before all the BBOV's are occupied, there is direct STM evidence of hydrogen hopping of the hydroxyl to an adjacent oxygen anion row. This process is facilitated by species bound to 5-coordinate Ti4+ rows, presumably undissociated 2-butanol, that hop slowly on the STM imaging time scale. The carbon backbones of these mobile species are centered over the Ti4+ rows with a preference for lying parallel to these rows. On the other hand, the carbon backbones of the 2-butoxy species that fill BBOV's are centered over the O2- rows...
Homemaking as an occupational plan: Evidence from a national longitudinal study

Abstract This paper asks a deceptively simple question: “Who expects to become a homemaker?” This question is asked because while we know a good deal about vocational choices, these choices are almost exclusively restricted to a traditional conceptualization and definition of the labor force. One consequence of this is to omit from consideration the choice to be a homemaker, a choice which Lopata London: Oxford University Press 1974) Oakley (New York: Pantheon 1974 and Stevens and Boyd Social Forces 1980 59 186–199 have all suggested can be conceptualized as an occupational outcome. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and comparing black and white respondents, we show that young women who expect to be homemakers (at age 30, the item available to us) are disproportionately represented by fathers with lower occupational status, nonemployed mothers, rural residences, nonacademic track placement, and lower scholastic performance; and as expected, race differences are found. Furthermore, these differences again occur when we examine our items on self-concept, locus of control, and certain life importance items.
Carbon dioxide fixation in neuronal and astroglial cells in culture.

: The concentration of potassium in the extracellular fluid has been found to stimulate the rate of CO2 fixation by astroglial cells grown in primary culture. Raising the concentration of extracellular potassium increased both the initial rate of formation of the 14C-labeled products of 14CO2 fixation and the final steady-state level of these products within the cells. In contrast, neither veratridine nor l-glutamate affected the rate of CO2 fixation in astroglial cells. The very low rate of CO2 fixation found in primarily neuronal cultures was unaffected by increased extracellular potassium as was CO2 fixation in fibroblasts. When cultured alone, astroglial cells release a large fraction of the 14C-labeled products of CO2 fixation into the surrounding medium. Mixed cultures of astroglia and neurons also fix CO2 but, in contrast to astroglia cultured alone, release only a small fraction of the 14C-labeled products into the culture medium.
Food Habits of Smallmouth Bass, Walleyes, and Northern Pikeminnow in the Lower Columbia River Basin during Outmigration of Juvenile Anadromous Salmonids

Abstract I compared the diets of adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, walleyes Stizostedion vitreum, and northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis collected in impounded and unimpounded reaches of the lower Columbia and lower Snake rivers during the outmigration of juvenile anadromous salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. from 1990 to 1996. Gravimetric proportions of fish, crayfish, and other prey consumed by each predator in spring and summer differed among the three river reaches for each predator species. Fish prey were generally the largest dietary component for all three predator species, although crayfish were also prevalent in the diets of smallmouth bass and, to a lesser extent, northern pikeminnow. Numerical proportions of salmonids, cottids, and other fish prey differed among predator species and among study reaches. Juvenile salmonids formed the majority of fish prey consumed by northern pikeminnow, whereas cottids, cyprinids, catostomids, and percopsids were more commonly consumed by smallmou...
Restaging patients with N2 (stage IIIa) non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a prospective study

Background The accuracy of restaging in patients with stage IIIa non–small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is unknown. Methods A prospective trial of patients with biopsy-proven N2 disease who underwent initial clinical staging with mediastinoscopy, integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and CT. Patients then were clinically restaged by the same imaging techniques 4 to 12 weeks after their induction chemoradiation therapy and then underwent definitive pathologic staging. Results Ninety-three patients had their lymph nodes pathologically restaged. Repeat PET/CT after neoadjuvant therapy missed residual N2 disease in 13/65 (20%) patients and falsely suggested it in 7 of 28 (25%). It was more accurate than repeat CT for restaging at all pathologic stages (stage 0, 92% vs 39%, P = .03; and stage I 89% vs 36%, P = .04). When the maximum standardized uptake value of the primary tumor is decreased by 75% or more, it is highly likely (likelihood ratio, +LR, 6.1) the patient is a complete responder; when it decreased by 55% or more, it is highly likely (+LR, 9.1) the patient is a partial responder. When the maximum standardized uptake value of the N2 node initially involved with metastatic cancer is decreased by more than 50%, it is highly likely (+LR, 7.9) the node is now benign. Conclusion Repeat integrated PET/CT is superior to repeat CT for the restaging of patients with stage IIIa non–small cell lung cancer. The percent decrease in the maximum standardized uptake value of the primary and of the involved lymph node is predictive of pathology; however, nodal biopsies are required since a persistently high maximum standardized uptake value does not equate to residual cancer.
Base temperature selection for the prediction of European corn borer instars by the growing degree day method

Abstract Base temperatures for use in the growing degree day prediction method of European corn borer instars were determined based on a 25-year larval-stage observation record from a south-central Minnesota station. The results indicate a linear or curvilinear trend with the base temperatures increasing from about 2.8°C (37°F) to 5.6°C (44°F) for instars one to five. A base temperature of 10°C (50°F) seems to be acceptable only for the mature larval to pupal stages. These results provide useful field operation base temperatures. In addition they substantiate observations of veteran field observers that the corn borer larvae are active during periods too cool for active corn growth, for which 10°C (50°F) is the generally accepted base temperature.
Minimizing prostate brachytherapy-related morbidity☆

A fter permanent prostate brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), most studies have reported favorable long-term biochemical outcomes for patients with low, intermediate, and high-risk features.1 These findings result in part from dose escalation and the ability to treat the periprostatic region aggressively.2–4 With the assimilation of brachytherapy into conventional cancer care, a rapidly expanding body of literature is available regarding therapy-related morbidity.5–8 With the highly demarcated therapeutic geography of brachytherapy, even minor differences in source placement philosophies could lead to significant differences in cancer eradication and radiation-related morbidities. Similarly, with the intense inflammatory reaction that results from prostate brachytherapy, it seems logical that patient management policies could have a substantial effect on postimplant morbidities. With maturation of the brachytherapy literature, it has become increasingly apparent that efficacy and morbidity are highly dependent on implant quality, with substantial differences in the reported incidence and clinical course of radiation-related morbidity.9–13 After analyzing our own data and the data of others, it appears that many of the conflicts are likely related to technical differences in treatment planning, in the implantation process itself, or in variations in patient management philosophies. Accordingly, we have summarized the patient selection factors, technical factors, and management strategies that appear to affect morbidity substantially. In addition, the presumed importance of some patient selection criteria and dosimetric parameters has recently been questioned. Elucidation and widespread adoption of evidencesupported planning philosophies, intraoperative techniques, and medical management should further improve outcomes.
The atmosphere of Jupiter

Current information on the neutral atmosphere of Jupiter is reviewed, with approximately equal emphasis on composition and thermal structure on the one hand, and markings and dynamics on the other. Studies based on Pioneer 10 and 11 data are used to refine the atmospheric model. Data on the interior are reviewed for the information they provide on the deep atmosphere. The markings and dynamics are discussed with emphasis on qualitative relationships and analogies with phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere.
Critical changes in sound velocity near a magnetic phase transition

Abstract Experiments on Dy show that the critical change in sound velocity follows the law Δ V / V ∝ - ω 0 lnϵ. The ratio of Δ V / V and critical sound attenuation α gives the temperature dependence of the spin diffusion relaxation time τ c ∝ ϵ -1.2 ± 0.2 .
Plant regeneration capacity of callus derived from leaf, stem, and root segments of Populus alba L. X P. grandidentata Michx

Expiants for establishing callus cultures originated from in vitro cultured hybrid poplar (Populus alba L. X P. grandidentata Michx.). Plant regeneration was achieved from established callus cultures derived from stem internodes (SI), leaf discs (LD), and root segments (RS). Shoot regeneration from callus occurred within 4 weeks of culture on most of the media tested. Frequency of shoot formation was greatly increased by subculturing the selected organogenic calli on regeneration media. The highest rate of multiple shoot formation (an average number of 7/SI, 11/LD, and 8/RS) was obtained by using 0.05 μM IBA in combination with 22.5 μM 2iP, 22.5 μM zeatin, and 12.5 μM 2iP, respectively. Regenerated shoots were easily rooted in polyterra™ peat plugs in transparent plastic boxes. The rooted plantlets were subsequently transferred to pots containing an artificial potting mix.
Functional-perturbational analysis of non-linear systems under random external and parametric excitations

Abstract A functional-perturbational type approach based on the Volterra-Wiener functional expansion is developed to analyze the non-linear response of dynamic systems to random excitations. The approach is applicable for non-linear systems under parametric excitation provided that the system is also subjected to external excitation. An example of a cantilever beam subjected to axial and lateral excitations is considered. For the linear case the response is determined up to second order approximation. The mean square response is compared with the results of the method of moments. It is found that the response predicted by the functional approach represents an asymptotic approximation to the moment method solution. The condition of mean square stability does not emerge directly from the functional solution. However, one can establish the stability boundary of the system if the expansion is expressed by a closed form analytical function. The non-linear mean square response is determined and also compared with the Gaussian closure scheme solution. The functional solution gives real positive mean square response for all external excitation levels while the Gaussian closure scheme predicts positive mean square response only for a relatively lower spectral density level of external excitation.
Human–animal connections: Recent findings on the anthrozoology of cruelty

Recent findings in anthrozoologythe study of humananimal interactionsshed light on psychological and social aspects of cruelty. Here we briefly discuss four areas that connect animal cruelty and cruelty directed toward humans: (1) voices of perpetrators and their audiences, (2) gender differences in cruelty, (3) cruelty as play, and (4) the putative relationship between animal abuse and interpersonal violence.
Purification of a 32.5 kDa monomeric sulfotransferase from rat liver with activity for bile acids and phenolic steroids

Abstract Both bile acid and phenolic steroid sulfotransferase activities in rat liver cytosol have previously been identified in fractions corresponding to apparent molecular masses of 60–70 and 30–35 kDa. We purified the latter activity corresponding to a monomeric protein. Activity for bile acids and phenolic steroids co-eluted on sequential chromatography on Sephadex G-75 sf, Affigel blue, chromatofocusing and hydroxyapatite. The protein was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE (32.5 kDa).
Principles Of Streak And Framing Photography By Frequency-Encoding On A Chirped Pulse

A frequency-chirped optical pulse provides a natural mapping between time and wavelength. We propose to utilize this correspondence to impress the time-dependence of transmissivity of a sample cell onto the spectrally-varying intensity of a frequency-chirped optical probe. The time-dependent transmissivity encoded this way would then be subsequently recovered from the time-integrated spectrum of the probe. Retaining one dimension of spatial resolution, the technique would produce an optical streak camera of potentially very high time resolution (better than 200 fs); other modifications would produce an optical framing camera having frame times less than 10 ps. Application is not limited to the optical regime: use with x rays is discussed, along with applications to different optical sample cells and detector cells.
A reproducible approach to the reporting of organochlorine compounds in epidemiologic studies.

Abstract A growing body of research indicates that the most biologically active PCB congeners and organochlorines are not the most abundant components in human and wildlife samples. As researchers attempt measurement on a wider pool of less abundant compounds, they inevitably face quantification problems. To address this problem and enhance comparability across studies, we propose a standardized approach to report organochlorines that is based on a reproducible method to determine the limit of quantification (L Q ). Two statistical methods are incorporated into our approach, one by Gibbons termed the Alternative Minimum Level (AML), and one based on determining a region of stable relativestandard deviation in instrument response (RSD). We illustrate our approach using historical samples collected during the 1960s from a cohort of pregnant women enrolled in the Child Health and Development Study. The results are applicable to determining the L Q of any method, and are of utmost importance to environmental scientists conducting trace organic analyses of complex mixtures. Our results demonstrate that: (1) precision as measured by RSD is the most important criterion in determining L Q ; (2) the AML routinely isolates a region of constant RSD; and (3) the precision of the instrument detector response as measured with pure standards locates the L Q applicable for real samples – that is, the true limits of quantification reside in the detector, not the matrix effects or analyte recoveries associated with real samples. A corollary of these findings is that bias due to matrix effects and analyte recoveries can be assessed separately from precision and L Q determination. Previous approaches involved spiking matrix blanks to determine L Q , a problematic strategy for real world, complex matrices. We have now validated the use of pure standards in L Q determination, an approach that is practical and accessible to most analysts.