cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Environmental Low-Level Shear and Cold Pools on Tornadogenesis: Insights from Idealized Simulations

AbstractIdealized, dry simulations are used to investigate the roles of environmental vertical wind shear and baroclinic vorticity generation in the development of near-surface vortices in supercell-like “pseudostorms.” A cyclonically rotating updraft is produced by a stationary, cylindrical heat source imposed within a horizontally homogeneous environment containing streamwise vorticity. Once a nearly steady state is achieved, a heat sink, which emulates the effects of latent cooling associated with precipitation, is activated on the northeastern flank of the updraft at low levels. Cool outflow emanating from the heat sink spreads beneath the updraft and leads to the development of near-surface vertical vorticity via the “baroclinic mechanism,” as has been diagnosed or inferred in actual supercells that have been simulated and observed.An intense cyclonic vortex forms in the simulations in which the environmental low-level wind shear is strong and the heat sink is of intermediate strength relative to the...
Inability of Angiotensin to Stimulate RNA Synthesis in Isolated Rat Atria

SummaryContrary to a previous report by other investigators, angiotensin was shown not to increase the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA of rat atria in culture.We would like to thank Lee W. Grotyohann for his fine technical assistance and Dr. Marshall Jones for the statistical analysis. This project was supported, in part, by a grant from the American Heart Association Pennsylvania Affiliate, South Central Chapter.
DTN routing as a resource allocation problem

Many DTN routing protocols use a variety of mechanisms, including discovering the meeting probabilities among nodes, packet replication, and network coding. The primary focus of these mechanisms is to increase the likelihood of finding a path with limited information, so these approaches have only an incidental effect on such routing metrics as maximum or average delivery latency. In this paper, we present RAPID, an intentional DTN routing protocol that can optimize a specific routing metric such as worst-case delivery latency or the fraction of packets that are delivered within a deadline. The key insight is to treat DTN routing as a resource allocation problem that translates the routing metric into per-packet utilities which determine how packets should be replicated in the system.We evaluate RAPID rigorously through a prototype of RAPID deployed over a vehicular DTN testbed of 40 buses and simulations based on real traces. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to report on a routing protocol deployed on a real DTN at this scale. Our results suggest that RAPID significantly outperforms existing routing protocols for several metrics. We also show empirically that for small loads RAPID is within 10% of the optimal performance.
The Empathy Index An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of a New Empathy Measure for Sex Offenders

This article examines the analysis of the psychometric properties, including the validity and reliability, of the Empathy Index (EI), a new instrument designed to measure empathy deficits of sex offenders. The EI was tested with a sample of 158 sex offenders incarcerated in North Carolina prisons. An exploratory factor analysis yielded three subscales: social aggression; instrumental (proactive) aggression; and justification. Social aggression was an unexpected finding, given this type of aggression is more commonly found in young females rather than adult male sex offenders. The instrument demonstrates promising construct and concurrent validity as well as strong internal reliability. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Early squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue: comparing margins obtained from the glossectomy specimen to margins from the tumor bed.

Summary Objectives To evaluate the impact of margin sampling on local recurrence in patients with pT1-2 pN0 conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Materials and methods Based on margin sampling, 126 cases were divided into group 1 (margins sampled from the glossectomy specimen only), group 2 (with revision of glossectomy margins), and group 3 (margins primarily sampled from the tumor bed). Results The probability of local progression-free survival at 3 years was .90, .76 and .73 (p = .0389) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Groups differed by frequency of positive glossectomy specimen margins (p = Conclusions Status of the glossectomy specimen margins rather than that of tumor bed margins was prognostically relevant. Reliance on tumor bed margins appears to be associated with worse local control, perhaps due to the narrower initial resection.
DDT metabolites and analogs: ring fission by Hydrogenomonas.

A Hydrogenomonas cleaved one of the rings of p,p′-dichlorodiphenylmethane, a product of DDT metabolism, to yield p-chlorophenylacetate and further metabolized the latter compound. Products of micro...
COMMENTS ON “COST INCREASES DUE TO DEMAND UNCERTAINTY IN MRP LOT SIZING”: A VERIFICATION OF ORDERING PROBABILITIES

In a recent article in this journal, De Bodt and Van Wassenhove [1] presented analytic derivations related to lot-sizing behavior under uncertainty. Although their models appear to have been verified in the aggregate by simulation experiments, detailed justifications for several of the derivations are missing. The present paper looks at De Bodt and Van Wassenhove's analysis and provides verifications of (and corrections to) the ordering probabilities and order cycles used by the authors to estimate the cost effects of forecast errors in the particular operating environment studied. The probabilities simulated in this study also generate additional insight into the “system nervousness” caused by lot-sizing and forecast errors.
Social work and unemployment: Role of social policy

(1985). Social work and unemployment: Role of social policy. Social Thought: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 36-44.
The fate of a spring phytoplankton bloom: export or oxidation?

Abstract The hypothesis that a large fraction of the primary production on continental shelves is exported to the deep ocean basins was investigated during the spring of 1984 off the coast of Long Island, New York. Using data collected aboard ship and from moored instruments, we constructed a carbon budget to account for the production and utilization of the spring bloom. We observed a strong cross-shelf gradient in the species composition of the phytoplankton and in chlorophyll a throughout the spring. Shelf waters were separated from slope water by a front, which was located between the 80- and 100-m isobaths. Between mid-February and mid-April chlorophyll concentrations increased from 10 μg l−1 in waters shallower than 70 m. This increase is typical of a spring bloom on the shelf. However, records from moored fluorometers near the shelf-slope front did not document an increase in chlorophyll, and it appears that very little of the bloom from the shelf was transported across the front, even during storms. Grazing pressure by zooplankton on the shelf increases throughout the spring, and copepods cropped about 34% of the daily production in early spring. About 51% of the daily production sank and formed a nepheloid layer which was oxidized on the shelf. Despite the lack of vertical density stratification on the shelf, there was a vertical gradient in dissolved oxygen. The oxidation and decomposition of organic matter regenerated nutrients that sustained high productivity until the onset of stratification in late spring. We conclude that the export of shelf-derived production to the deep ocean is small, averaging only 10–20% of the spring bloom.
Digestibilities of the protein in various foods as determined in vitro by an immobilized digestive enzyme assay (IDEA).

The digestibility of the protein in various foods or food components was analyzed using an immobilized digestive enzyme assay (IDEA) system. The assay consists of two bioreactors, one containing pepsin and the other containing trypsin, chymotrypsin and intestinal mucosa peptidases. The fraction of the peptide bonds hydrolyzed during an extent of hydrolysis assay was correlated with independentin vivo determinations of the digestibilities. A correlation coefficient of 0.80 was obtained. The derived linear regression equation can be used to predict digestibility. The method is sensitive to structural modification of protein, as for example, those caused by effects of heat treatment.
Characteristics of lath martensite: Part I. crystallographic and substructural features

This investigation, using an Fe-20 pct Ni-5 pct Mn (wt pct) alloy, was carried out to provide more detailed and accurate information on the crystallographic features of ferrous lath martensite than is presently available. The martensite observed was typical of that found in low carbon steels, but with the present alloy substantial amounts of retained austenite are found, which can be used as a crystallographic reference basis. Analysis of some twenty laths showe_d_the average austenite-martensite orientation relationship to be (lll)f ‖ (011)b: [•101]f 3.9 deg from [•1•1l]b, using an electron diffraction method involving an error of only a fraction of a degree. Adjacent laths within a packet of lath martensite were found to exhibit the same variant of the orientation relationship although such laths may be misoriented relative to each other by up to 2 deg. Thick layers of austenite found between adjacent laths indicate that the laths do not form by self-accommodation. The lath martensite habit plane is irrational, close to (575)f [equivalently (•154)b], but since the habit plane is of the type hkh, 12 apparent habit planes are observed although 24 variants of the orientation relationship may be found. The martensite-austenite interface on one side of a given lath is relatively planar, while that on the opposite side is irregular, suggesting that the laths thicken mainly in one direction. The martensite laths contain screw dislocations in all four ( 111 )b directions, but one set of the four with Burgers vector α/2 [•111]b is clearly dominant as a result of accommodation deformation imposed by the large lath martensite shape strain. Austenite dislocation arrays associated with the straight and irregular lath interfaces are very different, again suggesting that the thickening of a lath takes place mainly in one direction away from the initial straight interface.
Laser-Beam Zooming to Mitigate Crossed-Beam Energy Losses in Direct-Drive Implosions

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA(Received 19 December 2012; published 1 April 2013)Spherically symmetric direct-drive-ignition designs driven by laser beams with a focal-spot size nearlyequal to the target diameter suffer from energy losses due to crossed-beam energy transfer (CBET).Signiﬁcant reduction of CBETand improvements in implosion hydrodynamic efﬁciency can be achievedby reducing the beam diameter. Narrow beams increase low-mode perturbations of the targets because ofdecreased illumination uniformity that degrades implosion performance. Initiating an implosion withnominal beams (equal in size to the target diameter) and reducing the beam diameter by 30%–40% afterdeveloping a sufﬁciently thick target corona, which smooths the perturbations, mitigate CBET whilemaintaining low-mode target uniformity in ignition designs with a fusion gain 1.
Best practices and lessons learned from deploying and operating large-scale data-centric parallel file systems

The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) has deployed multiple large-scale parallel file systems (PFS) to support its operations. During this process, OLCF acquired significant expertise in large-scale storage system design, file system software development, technology evaluation, benchmarking, procurement, deployment, and operational practices. Based on the lessons learned from each new PFS deployment, OLCF improved its operating procedures, and strategies. This paper provides an account of our experience and lessons learned in acquiring, deploying, and operating large-scale parallel file systems. We believe that these lessons will be useful to the wider HPC community.
Effects of cyclosporin A on model lipid membranes.

Abstract Cyclosporin A (CSA) is a widely used immunosuppressant drug for transplant therapy, however its limitation is its toxicity. The effect of CSA on model membranes such as dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers was studied using small-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). CSA abolishes the pretransition and affects the transition of DMPC model membranes in a concentration-related manner as is shown by DSC. CSA induces a second peak at the high temperature side of the main transition, which is interpreted as a phase separation between areas rich and poor in CSA concentration. Small angle X-ray diffraction shows that the repeat distance of the DMPC bilayers in the lamellar Lα state increases as a function of concentration up to 10 mol% and remains constant thereafter. Furthermore, CSA affects the fatty acyl chains of the bilayer, especially the part of the chain proximal to the head group. In conclusion, CSA, as both small-angle X-ray diffraction and DSC show, affects in a concentration-wise manner the DMPC model membranes and perturbs the bilayer, in particular the acyl chain region.
Spatial configurations for visual hyperacuity

Abstract The threshold for discrimination of relative position of two features in the fovea is lowest—a few sec of arc—when the two features are separated by 2–5′ arc. and is not significantly changed when the features are reduced to dots. Discrimination for lateral displacement, e.g. vernier acuity, is as good as for spatial intervals, e.g. the separation of two lines, dots or edges. Two widely-held concepts are thus found to lack validity: that averaging of local signs along lines or contours is a prerequisite to hyperacuity and that the detection is necessarily performed according to the criterion of explicit or implicit orientation.
The ‘entrepreneurial turn’ and regional economic development mission of universities

In the last 20 years many research universities in the US have added regional business and economic development as a core mission to the traditional ones of instruction and scholarly research. It has been claimed by many critics, however, that this ‘entrepreneurial turn’ presents conflicts with long established academic norms, procedures, and reward systems. This paper utilizes a national survey of faculty attitudes towards academic entrepreneurship to investigate the extent to which the ‘entrepreneurial turn’ has become accepted and taken-for-granted, to identify which academic entrepreneurial activities are deemed appropriate, or legitimate, and those that are widely regarded as inappropriate, and to identify the most salient dimensions by which faculty attitudes vary. The results provide evidence that the entrepreneurial turn within research universities in the US has not yet become ‘taken-for-granted’, that the norm of open science is still widely accepted and conflicts with some academic entrepreneurship activities. There seems to be a broad—though not consensual—agreement on the boundaries of what are deemed appropriate and legitimate entrepreneurial activities that spans disciplines and across prior levels of faculty experience in academic entrepreneurship.
Socialization of emotion: Who influences whom and how?

Emotion socialization begins within the family setting and extends outward as children transition into expanded social worlds. Children contribute to their socialization from the first years of life, so the dynamics between parents and children are reciprocal in nature. Because socialization influences are best inferred from patterns that unfold over time, longitudinal research can help to untangle these processes. Laboratory observations of emotion exchanges and discussions or experimental manipulations of environmental processes also provide valuable information about causal influences and direction of effects. Parents and children must be studied within the same research designs to understand emotion socialization.
A longitudinal study of quality of life in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 8931

A quality of life (QOL) endpoint supplemented standard clinical endpoints of survival, tumor response, and toxicity in a double-blind study conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) where 291 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin/vinblastine with either hydrazine sulfate (HS) or placebo. The difficulties associated with the analysis of the longitudinal QOL data, and the contributions that the QOL endpoint made to the understanding of treatment differences, will be the focus of this paper.
Genome-guided transcript assembly by integrative analysis of RNA sequence data

Boley et al. describe an automated approach for integrating multiple types of RNA sequence data to assemble transcripts.
A model for fluid ingress in closed cell polymeric foams

Foam cored composite sandwich panels are used in the marine structures. These structures are exposed to sea water environment, which may degrade their structural properties and diminish their performance. This article concerns the ingress of sea water into polymeric foams, which was observed to result in substantial weight gain ratios and noticeable damage to cellular foam walls. The water ingress phenomenon modeled herein is based on the assumption that it is governed by the cell wall breakage, rather than caused by diffusion. The foam structure is represented by means of Voronoi cell geometries. Numerical simulations using the proposed model are presented.
Impact of faculty caring on student retention and success

Nurse educators devote caring efforts to those that they educate, and there needs to be an understanding as to how caring relates to the needs of nursing students. Through caring, nurse educators may assist with the challenges of at-risk students and the areas of retention while promoting success in the educational process. Assuring student success is a key to assisting with the nursing shortage and producing of well-educated beginning nurse practitioners.
Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy in the Equatorial Pacific

Planktonic foraminiferal datums for the Pleistocene of the Equatorial Pacific have frequently been shifted vertically by dissolution and bioturbation. Evolutionary initial appearances and final extinctions are altered to first and last lithostratigraphic occurrences, respectively. Shallow cores with high sedimentation rates are least affected by these processes and provide the most reliable chronostratigraphic resolution. Ten datum levels are proposed for the Quaternary and five for the latest Pliocene, all of which have been dated by palaeomagnetic stratigraphy.
Psychological Distress in Spouses of Men Treated for Early-Stage Prostate Carcinoma

BACKGROUND The authors examined levels and predictors of psychological distress in the wives of men treated for early-stage prostate carcinoma (PCa). METHODS Patients with PCa (N = 165) and spouses were interviewed to assess general and cancer-specific distress. Social and intrapersonal factors of spouses as well as clinical characteristics and quality of life of patients were assessed as potential predictors of spouses' distress. RESULTS Spouses reported more cancer-specific distress than did patients (P < 0.001), but did not differ from patients in general distress. Several spouse-reported factors predicted higher spouses' distress, including less education (P < 0.005), worse marriage quality and less social support (Ps < 0.005), more negative social interaction with the patient (Ps < 0.001), lower self-esteem (Ps < 0.001), less positive coping (Ps < 0.005), searching for meaning (P < 0.001), not finding meaning (P < 0.005), and greater illness uncertainty (Ps < 0.001). Patients' bowel function and mental health also predicted greater spouses' distress (Ps < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that overall distress in spouses of early-stage patients with PCa was modest, and it was more likely to be predicted by psychosocial than medical factors. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Active MnO2. Oxidative Dehydrogenations

Abstract We recently required substantial quantities of 5,8-disubstituted naphthoquinone IV as a precursor for the synthesis of a cyclophane. The sequence chosen to provide the necessary intermediate (IV) utilized a Diels-Alder reaction, between I and p-benzo-quinone, followed by aromatization. Several attempts however at dehydrogenating adduct II (Br2;2 air;3 DDQ or chloranil4) failed, or afforded poor conversions (10–25%). During our research, a report appeared describing the use of commercial grade MnO2in the oxidation of hydroquinones to quinones. 5 Encouraged by the results described in the publication we attempted the oxidation of II with MnO2. When adduct II was stirred in benzene with ordinary MRO2
An Approach to Counselor Education—in Europe

I find myself wanting to deal with one of the topics about which we as counselor educators know least, namely the bearing of motivation on the behavior of adult learners. In 1962 C. Gilbert Wrenn and the Com mission of Guidance in American Schools wrote pro foundly that the quality of a graduate program in coun selor preparation depends upon: (1) the quality of the total institutional resources and the extent to which they are appreciated and utilized, (2) the extent to which the graduate faculty involved are professionally qualified for their teaching, advising, and supervising responsibili ties in the program, and (3) a student-faculty ratio for the core faculty in counselor education which permits attention to individual graduate student development and the most effective use of institutional resources in this development.1 I offer some conjectures about a number of develop ments of a European counselor education program which have a bearing on the proposals outlined by Wrenn in 1962. The Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services, Ball State University offers a Mas ters of Arts degree program in Counseling at six United States Air Force bases in Europe. The degree is open to military, military-related, dependents, and school per sonnel. Courses are offered in rotation, two per ten week quarter, each of the four quarters of the year. Classes meet 6:30 to 10:20 two nights per week. A student may complete the program overseas in as few as six 10-week quarters. Admission requires a bachelor's degree, with any major, from an accredited college or university. Study includes such courses as Abnormal Psychol ogy, Psychology of Occupations, Psychology of Adult Adjustment, Introduction to the Study of Personality, Tests and Measurements, Process and Techniques of Group Counseling, Social Psychology, Theories of Counseling, and Practicum in Counseling. We en deavored to develop a bona fide continuum of learning experience in which totally planned professional learn ing was fused from the beginning in a way that kept duplication from becoming a problem. Personal and professional goals include (1) knowl edge of academic material, a sound foundation prerequi site to any sustained motivation; (2) facilities available for self-exploration, for the individual to extend him self and to learn more about himself which then gives direction to his total being; (3) understanding of the humanness of the individuals who are in charge and under our influences, being fully aware that qualities of warmth, sincerity, and responsiveness make a counselor effective no matter what his techniques; (4) the profes sional skills, sensitivities, and abilities of the counselor; (5) "professional insight," a sound attitude toward other individuals, viewing them clinically, respecting their opinions, and avoiding the temptations to exploit another in order to meet one's own unmet personal needs.
INTEGRATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY: Hormones and Animal Social Behavior

![Figure][1] All animals display some form of social behavior, ranging from more simple dyadic interactions such as attracting a mate or chasing off a competitor to the elaborate and complex social behaviors displayed by group-living animals. Hormones are important regulators of social
Opium Alkaloids XII: Quantitative Determination of Morphine in Opium by Isotope Dilution

A method was developed for quantitative determination of morphine in opium based on the isotope dilution technique. Morphine-2-3H and morphine-N-14CH3 are used as radioactive standards. A mixture of opium and the radioactive morphine standard is triturated with dimethyl sulfoxide, dispersed on diatomaceous earth and acidic aluminum oxide, and suspended in water. The aqueous suspension is transferred to a chromatographic column of acidic aluminum oxide, and the alkaloids are eluted with water. Alternatively, the mixture of opium and radioactive morphine is triturated with a little water and dispersed on diatomaceous earth, and the alkaloid bases are liberated with ammonia. The powder mixture is transferred to a column of neutral aluminum oxide and eluted with chloroform-isopropyl alcohol (3:1). Phenolic and nonphenolic alkaloids are separated by extraction at pH 13, and morphine crystallizes from the aqueous phase after adjustment of pH to 9. The crystals are collected and recrystallized to constant radioactivity. Both extraction methods gave the same results. No loss of tritium occurred during the assay, and morphine-2-3H and morphine-N-14CH3 were equally satisfactory as radioactive standards. The method is specific for morphine, has good precision (0.4%), and requires no elaborate technique.
An Assessment of VAS-Derived Retrievals and Parameters Used in Thunderstorm Forecasting

VAS satellite retrievals and derived parameters used in forecasting severe local storms were evaluated against corresponding radiosonde values. VAS products were also compared with the first-guess input to the retrieval algorithm. The evaluation methodology was to pair each radiosonde observation with the closest VAS retrieval within 50 km during a four-month period in 1986. VAS temperatures agreed closely with radiosonde values; dewpoints showed less agreement. Sounding differences were poorly correlated with the number of pixels from which the retrievals were prepared. VAS discrepancies usually were not well correlated with first-guess errors. Horizontal gradients of VAS products were stronger than those from radiosondes. VAS precipitable water agreed better with ground truth than did dewpoints at individual levels, but VAS thicknesses were not much improved. Results for severe storms forecasting parameters indicated that discrepancies increased with the amount of manipulation required during computation. The lifted index showed the best agreement; positive bouyant energy showed poor comparisons.
Impact of Aging on Dendritic Cell Functions in humans

Aging is a paradox of reduced immunity and chronic inflammation. Dendritic cells are central orchestrators of the immune response with a key role in the generation of immunity and maintenance of tolerance. The functions of DCs are compromised with age. There is no major effect on the numbers and phenotype of DC subsets in aged subjects; nevertheless, their capacity to phagocytose antigens and migrate is impaired with age. There is aberrant cytokine secretion by various DC subsets with CDCs secreting increased basal level of pro-inflammatory cytokines but the response on stimulation to foreign antigens is decreased. In contrast, the response to self-antigens is increased suggesting erosion of peripheral self tolerance. PDC subset also secretes reduced IFN-α in response to viruses. The capacity of DCs to prime T cell responses is also affected. Aging thus has a profound affect on DC functions. Present review summarizes the effect of advancing age on DC functions in humans in the context of both immunity and tolerance.
Turbine Flowmeter Performance Model

Abstract : The purpose of this addendum is to incorporate additional turbine flowmeter test case information that may be of interest to the user of the computer program, and also to include several minor corrections in the questionnaire. (Author)
Isolation and characterization of the gene expressing the major salivary gland protein of the female mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

Abstract We have undertaken a molecular analysis of the salivary glands of hematophagous insects in order to better understand their role in blood feeding and in the transmission of infectious diseases. To that end, genomic and cDNA clones of a gene designated D7, expressed abundantly in the adult female salivary glands of the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti , have been isolated and characterized. This gene encodes a mRNA shown by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization to tissue sections to be specifically transcribed in the distal-lateral and medial lobes of the glands, regions that are highly differentiated in females. The deduced gene product, a protein of approximately 37 kDa appears to be novel. Polyclonal antibodies made to a recombinant D7 product recognize a protein with the proper molecular weight in female salivary glands and saliva. These studies indicate that the D7 gene probably encodes the major secreted protein synthesized in the female salivary glands. The stage- and sex-limited expression of the D7 gene, and the secretion of its product, indicate that the product is most likely involved with the blood feeding capabilities of the female mosquito.
A fourier transform solution for radiative transfer in a slab with isotropic scattering and boundary reflection

Abstract The Fourier transform method is used to formulate an exact solution for radiative heat transfer in an isotropically scattering, absorbing and emitting plane-parallel slab with specularly reflecting boundaries. The analysis leads to a solution involving expansion coefficients which can be determined from a matrix equation to the desired degree of accuracy. The numerical results obtained for the hemispherical reflectivity and transmissivity show that even the lowest order solution gives good accuracy.
Adsorption and Exchange of β-Lactoglobulin onto Spread Monoglyceride Monolayers at the Air−Water Interface

Spread monolayer isotherms of β-lactoglobulin, monopalmitin, monolaurin, and their mixtures were measured at the air−water interface. The isotherms exhibited hysteresis behavior. A phase transition...
The combined Laplace transform-Adomian decomposition method for handling nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations

In this work, a combined form of the Laplace transform method with the Adomian decomposition method is developed for analytic treatment of the nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations. The combined method is capable of handling both equations of the first and second kind. Illustrative examples will be examined to support the proposed analysis.
Early vascular modifications induced by asbestos fibers in the hamster cheek pouch

Abstract The vascular response of the hamster cheek pouch to direct application of five UICC-standardized types of asbestos fibers was studied in vivo by the transparent chamber technique. The resulting vascular modifications were different from those in studies of the inflammatory process, but similar to changes induced in the cheek pouch by several chemical carcinogens or transplanted malignant tumors. Although definite conclusions may not yet be drawn as to the mechanism and/or significance of the induced vascular response, its relationship to the respective abilities of the various fiber types to induce mesothelial tumors is considered.
The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012

Abstract This is a review of papers published in the year 2012 that focus on the synthesis, reactivity, or properties of compounds containing a carbon-transition metal double or triple bond.
Mechanism of action and clinical development of platelet thrombin receptor antagonists

Atherothrombotic disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and ADP receptor antagonists has shown improved short- and long-term clinical outcomes but is associated with increased bleeding risk, and the rates of recurrent ischemic events still remain high. Selective inhibition of the principal protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 for thrombin, the most potent platelet activator, represents a promising novel strategy to reduce ischemic events without increasing the risk of bleeding. Two PAR-1 antagonists are currently being tested in clinical trials: SCH 530348 and E5555. Both have demonstrated an antiplatelet effect without increasing bleeding time in preclinical trials. Results of Phase II trials showed that SCH 530348, in addition to standard antiplatelet therapy, was well tolerated and not associated with increased bleeding risk. The safety and tolerability of E5555 is being evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease and non-ST-segment elev...
Microstructures of Melt-Processed and Spark Plasma Sintered Ceramic Waste Forms

Hollandite-rich ceramic waste forms have been demonstrated to exhibit high durability while simultaneously accommodating a wide range of radionuclides in their matrices. This paper presents preliminary results on the preparation and characterization of ceramic waste forms prepared by two different methods—melt processing and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Both processes resulted in similar phase assemblages but exhibited different microstructures depending on processing method. The SPS samples exhibited fine-grained (<1 µm) and dispersed phases, whereas the melt-processed sample contained larger grains (10–20 µm) of specific phases. Additional data will need to be collected on the aqueous leaching durability and radiation resistance to evaluate each processing method for waste form performance.
An ecological valence theory of human color preference

Color preference is an important aspect of visual experience, but little is known about why people in general like some colors more than others. Previous research suggested explanations based on biological adaptations [Hurlbert AC, Ling YL (2007) Curr Biol 17:623–625] and color-emotions [Ou L-C, Luo MR, Woodcock A, Wright A (2004) Color Res Appl 29:381–389]. In this article we articulate an ecological valence theory in which color preferences arise from people’s average affective responses to color-associated objects. An empirical test provides strong support for this theory: People like colors strongly associated with objects they like (e.g., blues with clear skies and clean water) and dislike colors strongly associated with objects they dislike (e.g., browns with feces and rotten food). Relative to alternative theories, the ecological valence theory both fits the data better (even with fewer free parameters) and provides a more plausible, comprehensive causal explanation of color preferences.
Generalization of the theory of holographic coherence confocal imaging

The theory of optical sectioning of holographic image plane coherence methods is developed, with emphasis on the use of broad spectrum holographic methods to enhance the process.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Analysis of Turbulence in the Tip Region of a Waterjet Pump Rotor

A series of high resolution planar particle image velocimetry measurements performed in a waterjet pump rotor reveal the inner structure of the tip leakage vortex (TLV) which dominates the entire flow field in the tip region. Turbulence generated by interactions among the TLV, the shear layer that develops as the backward leakage flow emerges from the tip clearance as a “wall jet”, the passage flow, and the endwall is highly inhomogeneous and anisotropic. We examine this turbulence in both RANS and LES modelling contexts. Spatially non-uniform distributions of Reynolds stress components are explained in terms of the local mean strain field and associated turbulence production. Characteristic length scales are also inferred from spectral analysis. Spatial filtering of instantaneous data enables the calculation of subgrid scale (SGS) stresses, along with the SGS energy flux (dissipation). The data show that the SGS energy flux differs from the turbulence production rate both in trends and magnitude. The latter is dominated by energy flux from the mean flow to the large scale turbulence, which is resolved in LES, whereas the former is dominated by energy flux from the mean flow to the SGS turbulence. The SGS dissipation rate is also used for calculating the static and dynamic Smagorinsky coefficients, the latter involving filtering at multiple scales; both vary substantially in the tip region, and neither is equal to values obtained in isotropic turbulence.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Categorical and Agent-neutral Reasons in Kantian Justifications of Morality

The dispute between Kantians and Humeans over whether practical reason can justify moral reasons for all agents is often characterized as a debate over whether reasons are hypothetical or categorical. Instead, this debate must be understood in terms of the distinction between agent-neutral and agent-relative reasons. This paper considers Alan Gewirth’s Reason and Morality as a case study of a Kantian justification of morality focused on deriving categorical reasons from hypothetical reasons. The case study demonstrates first, the possibility of categorical agent-relative reasons, and second, that inattention to this possibility has caused considerable confusion in the debate between Kantians and Humeans.
Helical Assemblies of Gold Nanoparticles

Chiral metallic nanohelices with periodicity in the submicrometer regime are made from twisted CdTe nanoribbons. These helices are highly effective in polarization rotation at wavelengths centered at their pitch length. Interestingly, the chiro-optical performance of helical nanoparticle assemblies is better than that of solid gold nanowires with similar geometries, which sets an important target for the design of metamaterials.
Low-temperature mechanism for formation of coarse crystalline hematite through nanoparticle aggregation

We have discovered a low-temperature mechanism for the formation of coarse specular hematite grains. Either freezing and subsequent thawing or cryodesiccation of aqueous nanoparticle suspensions under confinement leads to aggregation of hematite platelets with initial diameters of ~ 10 nm into domains < 100 nm in diameter. Crystallographic alignment of particles in the (001) basal plane only occurs on the scale of the 50–100 nm domains, is absent for air-dried grains, and increases for freeze–thawed and freeze-dried samples. Stacking of the domains accommodates curvature at the microscale, leading to final grain sizes greater than 1 mm with curved but smooth surfaces reflective to visible light. Confinement of freezing suspensions increases ordering of aggregates. No spherules were produced; however, thermal emission spectra of the nanoparticle aggregates are consistent with coarse crystalline spectra from Mars. TIR spectra of air-dried, freeze–thawed, and cryodesiccated samples are similar, suggesting that the crystallographic alignment observed at the nanoscale is not responsible for the lack of 390 cm−1 feature. Aqueous alteration of Fe-bearing sulfates has been demonstrated to form hematite nanoparticles in systems analogous to Meridiani Planum. Evaporation and aggregation of resulting nanoparticles is consistent with the context of low-temperature playa-groundwater models, while freezing and/or cryodesiccation are consistent with models of low-temperature ice-hosted weathering. Additionally, this new mechanism for specular hematite formation may lead to re-evaluation and re-interpretation of coarse hematite formation throughout Earth history.
Routine use of anaerobic blood cultures: are they still indicated?

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the number of patients with bacteremia and fungemia and to evaluate the utility of routine anaerobic blood cultures as part of the work-up for suspected bacteremia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of microbiology data followed by selective chart review at a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. We determined the number of bacterial blood cultures drawn from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1996, and the number of anaerobic, aerobic, and fungal isolates. Chart reviews were then performed on all patients with a positive anaerobic result. RESULTS: There were 6,891 sets of blood cultures processed through the laboratory, yielding 1,626 patients with positive results. Anaerobic isolates were recovered from 36 patients (2.2%) in 48 bottles. Aerobic isolates were recovered from 1550 patients (95.3%), and fungal isolates were recovered from 40 patients (2.5%). Seven patients (0.4%) had true anaerobic bacteremia. All seven patients had an obvious source of anaerobic infection that was known or suspected before the cultures were drawn. Antibiotic changes were made in four of these patients after the positive anaerobic results were known. Antibiotic changes led to clinical improvement in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of anaerobic blood cultures rarely results in clinically important diagnostic or therapeutic benefits, based on the low incidence of anaerobic bacteremia in patients who are not at increased risk. Anaerobic blood cultures should be selectively ordered in patients at risk for anaerobic infections.
A SEX ATTRACTANT OF THE OLIVE FRUIT FLY, DACUS OLEAE AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

Volatile substances collected by various methods from laboratory and wild female Dacus oleae (Gmelin) flies attracted males of the same species during the hours of sexual activity (dusk) in laboratory and field tests. The presence of an air-borne sex pheromone in this species, previously suspected, was thus verified. Laboratory and field cage tests showed pheromonal communication between laboratory-reared and wild insects. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG EIN SEXATTRAKTANT DER OLIVENFLIEGE, DACUS OLEAE, UND SEINE BIOLOGISCHE AKTIVITAT UNTER LABOR-UND FELDBEDINGUNGEN Fluchtige Substanzen von Laborzucht- und wilden Weibchen von Dacus oleae (Gmelin) wurden mit verschiedenen Methoden gewonnen; sie lockten Mannchen derselben Art wahrend der Stunden ihrer sexuellen Aktivitat (Abenddammerung) in Labor- und Feldversuchen an. Die Existenz eines fluchtigen Sexualpheromons bei dieser Art, bisher nur vermutet, wurde somit bewiesen. Labor- und Feldkafigversuche zeigten eine Pheromon-Kommunikation zwischen Laborzucht- und wilden Insekten.
Potential added value of three-dimensional reconstruction and display of single photon emission computed tomographic gated blood pool images

Single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) acquisition provides potential advantages for blood pool imaging. However, the method has been little applied. An improved method of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction and display of SPECT equilibrium blood pool scintigrams and related phase data was developed. Dynamic slices and volume-rendered dynamic 3-D images were displayed. Images were viewed from each of 34 solid angles referenced to a sphere surrounding the reconstruction field. Each image pixel was “painted” with intensity-coded regional amplitude and color-coded for its phase angle. The method was applied to evaluate the cardiac anatomy, regional contraction, and related conduction sequence at rest in 17 patients. Twelve had normal left ventricular function including 7 patients with minimal septal preexcitation. Five patients had abnormal left ventricular function, including 2 with left bundle branch block. Slices contained all of the functional information, but necessary data integration was time-consuming and evaluation of chamber size and anatomy was difficult. Three-dimensional projection images condensed and integrated the data, presenting new vantage points on anatomy, contraction, and conduction not otherwise available in the clinically limited angulations of planar images. This provided excellent visual separation of cardiac chambers with full and increased visualization of right and left ventricular wall motion in all segments compared with the conventional projections acquired clinically (p<0.05). Atria and great vessels were well separated with evident size and function. Phase-angle progression paralleled the electrocardiogram, permitting bypass pathway localization and the direct noninvasive localization of posteroseptal pathways. The 3-D method permits greater access to and utilization of SPECT blood pool image data. It suggests specific advantages for clinical use.
The SHRM learning system—A brief history

This article presents an historical overview of the HR Learning System of the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), the origins of the Learning System, and its ties to the process of certification by the Human Resource Certification Institute (HRCI). The evolution of the Learning System is described, as well as how content is developed. The growth of the Learning System in its many platforms will be utilized in 1999 by over 14,000 individuals—many, as mentioned above, for purposes of certification and an equal number for purposes of general professional development in human resource management. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
September 11: Participant Webservation of the "War on Terrorism"

L'internet et le cyberespace ont joue un role particulierement important dans la communication sur et autour des attaques terroristes du 11 septembre aux Etats-Unis et dans la mediatisation de la guerre contre le terrorisme. A partir de son experience de ces evenements, l'A. propose quelques reflexions sur les nouveaux defis et les nouvelles possibilites que represente l'internet pour l'anthropologie, tant du point de vue de l'analyse que du point de vue de la methode. Quelle est la signification d'etre present sur l'internet, pour l'anthropologue ?
Modeling microstructural effects on the evolution of cube texture during hot deformation of aluminum

Abstract The origin and development of cube ({0 0 1}〈1 0 0〉) texture during hot deformation and subsequent recrystallization of aluminum alloys remains a topic of considerable interest in materials research. Finite element modeling at the mesoscale was used to study the hot deformation of microstructures containing cube-oriented grains distributed among grains with S ({1 2 3}〈6 3 4〉) and copper ({1 1 2}〈1 1 1〉) orientations. Discretization of each grain with a large number of elements enables the model to capture the heterogeneous deformation of individual grains. The constitutive response of the material is modeled using crystal plasticity, thereby enabling the prediction of texture evolution in the microstructure. The deformation at elevated temperatures has been modeled by including slip on the non-octahedral {1 1 0}〈1 1 0〉 systems, in addition to the usual {1 1 1}〈1 1 0〉 systems. Microstructures with different grain sizes and some special configurations for the cube grain have been deformed in plane strain compression. The effects of the local environment, grain size and plastic strain on the stability of the cube texture during hot deformation are examined. The inclination of the cube grain boundary relative to the compression axis appears to play a role in the distributions of stored energy and misorientation across the boundary.