cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method for NPC 1161C, a novel 8-aminoquinoline anti-malarial drug.

NPC 1161C (±8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino-5-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline succinate]) is a novel investigational antimalarial drug of interest for its in vivo oral potency, activity against blood and tissue stage parasites, favorable toxicity profile, long duration of action, and utility in both prophylaxis and treatment models. The pharmaceutical development of NPC 1161C warranted the availability of an assay for the detection and quantification of the drug and its separation from the impurities and degradation products. A simple and rapid stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be linear, precise and accurate. It also proved to be selective in the presence of impurities and degradation products during forced degradation studies. The method was found to be robust by factorial experimental design and was well within the recommended parameters of system suitability testing. Degradants of the drug during stress studies were also identified using high resolution mass spectrometry.
Dynamic aortic diameter measurements in vivo

Abstract A method has been described for measurement of the dynamic changes in internal aortic diameter following injection upstream of a radiopaque dye. The method makes use of information available in a video-angiocardiogram and requires special computer techniques to suppress total system noise. Tests to date have demonstrated the limits of accuracy and show it to be a useful technique that might be effectively applied in health and disease and to other structures as well.
Angel Investment and Collective Agricultural Marketing: The Case of the Minnesota Food Network

The Minnesota Food Network is a limited liability company comprised of 52 farmers producing a variety of high-quality, sustainably produced agricultural products in southern Minnesota. The network's goal is to develop a regional food system to provide locally grown food at a price that "is fair" to both consumers and producers. This case outlines the challenges that the network faces in their efforts to expand to take advantage of a market opportunity. One of their biggest challenges is that they face high operating costs because of their disaggregated distribution system and need to purchase a distribution and storage facility and two vehicles. They will fund the purchase of a building through an angel investor. An angel investor is necessary because the network cannot sustain traditional loan payments in its current form. Students are asked to consider a number of questions pertaining to the decisions in this case outlined in the final section of the case study.
Observations of Upper Ocean Temperature and Salinity Structure During the POLE Experiment

Abstract Mid-ocean observations (35°N, 155°W) of temperature and salinity were made from R/P Flip during the period 28 January-14 February 1974 as part of the NORPAX POLE Experiment. Autocorrelations for the time series of depth of several σt surfaces confirm the presence of a semidiurnal internal tide whose amplitude is about 10 m. The period of 12.7 h determined from the autocorrelation analysis is not statistically significantly different from the period of the M2 semidiurnal tide (12.4 h). The coherence between pairs of time series of the depth of the σt surfaces is high, ranging from 0.97 to 0.91 at the frequency of the peak in the spectrum corresponding to the semi-diurnal tide. The coherence between a given σt surface and deeper lying surfaces decreases slowly with the mean separation between surfaces. The vertical coherence scale suggests that most of the energy of the semi-diurnal internal tide is in the low-order modes. The data show that the phase difference between surfaces increases with the ...
Genetics of alcoholism: Simultaneous presentation of a chocolate drink diminishes alcohol preference in high drinking HAD rats

Through selective crossbreeding of the N/Nih heterogeneous stock of rats, two genetic lines of rats have been developed that are categorized by their preference for ethyl alcohol as high alcohol drinking (HAD) and low alcohol drinking (LAD) animals. Corresponding to other strains of rat bred for alcohol selection or rejection, they were subdivided on the basis of their intake of a solution of 10% alcohol vs. water. The present experiments were designed to determine whether the HAD-1 and LAD-1 lines are similar to the P and NP rats in their profile of alcohol consumption. Five successive three-bottle preference tests for alcohol drinking in the presence of water were undertaken in both HAD (n = 9) and LAD (n = 10) rats as follows: 10% alcohol for 5 days; 3-30% concentrations of alcohol increased over 11 days; the maximally preferred concentration of alcohol for 5 days; this maximally preferred concentration of alcohol plus either chocolate Slender for 5 days, or an aspartame solution for 5 days. The intake of alcohol of the LAD rats during the 10% test was 0.4 g/kg/day, whereas during the 3-30% test, the maximum intake was 1.7 g/kg/day; their maximally preferred concentrations ranged between 7% and 9% alcohol. In contrast, the intake of 10% alcohol of the HAD rats was 6.5 g/kg/day, whereas during the 3-30% test the mean daily intake was 6.6 g/kg/day; the maximally preferred solutions of the HAD rats ranged between 13 to 20%, with the mean maximum intake of 10.57 g/kg/day reached at the 20% concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of compressibility and free-stream turbulence on boundary layer transition in high-subsonic and transonic flows

Based on the existing boundary layer transition data, the effects of compressibility, pressure fluctuations, and free-stream turbulence have been reexamined for subsonic and transonic flow speeds. It is confirmed that the compressibility effects may be adequately expressed in terms of a simple correlation with free-stream Mach number. Pressure fluctuations, especially at low levels, do not seem to significantly affect the transition phenomenon. Effects of free-stream turbulence in high-subsonic and transonic flows are similar to the trends observed for low-speed flows and the transition process is hastened. The trends, as seen from slender cone flow data, seem to suggest power law correlations between transition Reynolds number and free-stream turbulence.
Finsler structures of negative curvature in ?-linear fibre spaces

Let X be a reduced compact complex space and E→X a ⊄-linear fibre space. Let P(E) be the associated projective variety over X and let L(E) be the canonical line bundle over P(E). Generalizing a result of Kobayashi, we prove that E carries a Finsler metric of negative curvature if and only if L(E)red→P(E)red carries an Hermitian metric of negative curvature.
Bordering the Future: Resisting Neoliberalism in the Borderlands:

In the last twenty years, and especially since NAFTA, the U.S.-Mexico border has been a site of intensive neoliberal development, particularly in the growth of 2,340 export-processing plants (maquiladoras), ninety percent U.S.-owned. The economic growth this has helped to promote has been both rapid and uneven, and the burdens it has placed on local communities through impoverished conditions of work and life have been immense—no where more so than in Tijuana. Although much of this growth and the associated social and environmental problems have been the subjects of many policy, academic, and journalistic discussions, Tijuana's local community organizations, which have attempted to meet local needs and formulate alternative development paradigms, have not. Based on interviews with community organization representatives in the San Diego/Tijuana region, this text argues that a more complete understanding of these movement efforts to resist neoliberalism, especially the alternative visions for development th...
Conotruncal Cardiac Defects: A Clinical Imaging Perspective

Conotruncal cardiac defects make up a significant portion of congenital heart disease. For proper diagnosis and subsequent care of patients with these defects, different and sometimes multiple imaging modalities are needed at various stages of care. This article reviews the characteristics of some of the most common conotruncal defects and the imaging options available along with the advantages and disadvantages of each. Intricate knowledge of the capabilities of each modality will aid the practitioner in making optimal clinical decisions.
Unilateral peri-substantia nigra catecholaminergic lesion and amygdala kindling

Recent evidence suggests that the substantia nigra (SN) may be involved in the modulation of kindled seizures in adult rats. In this report we investigated the role of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in mediating the SN effect on seizures by lesioning this pathway with unilateral infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the vicinity of the right SN with or without desmethylimipramine pretreatment. Our data suggest that the facilitation of amygdala kindling observed following 6-OHDA lesion in the vicinity of the ipsilateral SN is due to norepinephrine depletion of the ipsilateral forebrain. Selective destruction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons neither facilitates nor inhibits the development of amygdala-kindled convulsions in adult rats.
An Algorithm for the Discrete Fisher's Permutation Test

Abstract An algorithm, especially suitable for a computer, is presented for carrying out Fisher's two sample permutation test for integer-valued data with ties. It is shown that the same method can be applied to carry out the permutation Wilcoxon test in the presence of ties using average ranks. Some numerical examples are given.
Cyclic stress response and cyclic fracture behavior of silicon carbide particulate reinforced aluminum metal-matrix composite

Abstract The cyclic stress response characteristics of a powder metallurgy high purity aluminum alloy 2124 discontinuously reinforced with a varying volume fraction of silicon carbide particulates was studied over a range of plastic strains. The specimens were cycled using tension-compression loading under total strain control. The material, in the as-extruded condition, displayed cyclic hardening at all plastic strain amplitudes and for different volume fractions of ceramic reinforcement. The degree of cyclic hardening was observed to be greater at the higher cyclic strain amplitudes than at corresponding lower cyclic strain amplitudes. Overall, hardening was also found to increase with an increase in volume fraction of carbide particle reinforcement in the aluminum matrix. The observed hardening behavior is attributed to concurrent and competing influences of an increase in dislocation-dislocation interaction, dislocation multiplication and dislocation-particle interactions, and is a mechanical effect. The cyclic fracture behavior of the alloy is discussed in light of composite microstructural effects, plastic strain amplitude and concomitant response stress.
An Integrated Control System for Aircraft D-C Generators

This paper describes an electric system for d-c generators used on aircraft that allows physical integration of all control elements normally associated with the control of the generator. The proposed system differs from the present system used by the Army and Navy primarily in that integration has been accomplished in addition to offering automatic control of the generator without a sacrifice in system performance. No attempt has been made to compare this system with present systems. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the individual control elements of the proposed system and to discuss their characteristics.
Effects of diatomic reagent alignment on the A + BC reaction

A computational study is reported on the A + BC - AB + C bimolecular exchange reaction in which BC is aligned with respect to the approach direction of atom A so that the initial rotational angular momentum vector of BC is either parallel (or equivalently antiparallel) or perpendicular to the initial velocity vector of A. The calculations employ a modification of the extended LEPS potential, which permits straightforward generation of noncollinear minimum energy reaction paths. The calculations clearly demonstrate that diatomic reagent alignment can markedly affect the nature of reaction product early partitioning; they also demonstrate that diatomic reagent alignment affects reactive cross sections.
Nanostructures: Available in print

The ability to print pre-assembled optical and electronic structures with high resolution would greatly reduce the cost of a number of technologies. A printing method that uses a nanoparticle ink moves closer towards this goal.
Percutaneous coil embolization of massive pelvic pseudoaneurysm in an infant

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm formation is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of cardiac catheterization. This case report describes diagnosis and treatment of a large left external iliac artery pseudoaneurysm in a 3-month-old boy following cardiac catheterization and aortic balloon dilatation for aortic coarctation. A 4-cm pulsatile mass in the left hemipelvis was discovered on MRI performed 6 weeks later for possible tethered spinal cord. Sonography and angiography showed a large pseudoaneurysm of the left external iliac artery just distal to the iliac bifurcation with no flow in the external iliac artery distal to the pseudoaneurysm. Percutaneous US-guided thrombin injection was performed twice, with partial recanalization after each treatment. The residual portion of the pseudoaneurysm was then successfully embolized with percutaneous coils deployed under US and fluoroscopic guidance.
Machine vision system for quality control assessment of bareroot pine seedlings

A PC-based machine vision system was used at a forest nursery for two months to make quality control measurements of bareroot pine seedlings. In tests conducted during the lifting season, there was close agreement between machine vision and manual measurement distribution results for seedling samples for both root collar diameter and tap root length. During a second set of tests conducted after adding a bud tip height measurement routine, measurement distribution results for seedling samples were in close agreement for root collar diameter, tap root length, and bud tip height. Machine vision measurements of root collar diameter and tap root length also correlated well with manual measurements on a seedling-to- seedling basis for the second test. With the machine vision system, seedling samples could be measured by one person in approximately the same amount of time that it took two people to measure them manually.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Synthesis and biological activity of four γ-melanotropin derived from the cryptic region of the adrenocorticotropin/β-lipotropin precursor

Abstract A third melanotropin coding fragment named γ-MSH was discovered by Nakanishi et al (Nature 278 , 423–427 (1979)) in the cryptic region outside the portion coding for ACTH and β-LPH in the ACTH/β-LPH precursor mRNA isolated from the intermediate lobe of bovine pituitary. Four possible γ-MSH peptides derived from this coding fragment were synthesized by solid-phase methodology and their bioactivity determined in an in vitro MSH assay as well as the anterior pituitary primary culture assay. Relative to α-MSH, the melanotropic activities of Ac-γ1-MSH, γ1-MSH, γ2-MSH and γ3-MSH are 7.3 × 10−4, 3.3 × 10−5, 1.4 × 10−4 and 4.6 × 10−7 respectively. None of these γ-MSH peptides releases LH, FSH, PRL, GH and TSH in the pituitary culture medium at a dose as high as 100 ng per dish.
College for some to college for all: Social background, occupational expectations, and educational expectations over time

The educational expectations of 10th-graders have dramatically increased from 1980 to 2002. Their rise is attributable in part to the changing educational composition of students' parents and related to the educational profiles of their expected occupations. Students whose parents have gone to college are more likely to attend college themselves, and students expect occupations that are more prestigious in 2002 than in 1980. The educational requirements of particular occupation categories have risen only slightly. These analyses also reveal that educational expectations in recent cohorts are more loosely linked to social background and occupational plans than they were in 1980. The declining importance of parents' background and the decoupling of educational and occupational plans, in addition to a strong and significant effect of cohort on educational expectations, suggest that the expectation of four-year college attainment is indeed becoming the norm.
Steady Convective Motion in a Horizontal Layer of Fluid Heated Uniformly from Above and Cooled Non-uniformly from Below

A gravitationally stable fluid layer is heated non-uniformly (sinusoidally) at the bottom (or top) and a thermal convection regime is established. Examples are worked out for cases (i) without rotation (ii) with uniform rotation, and (iii) with non-uniform rotation (beta-plane). DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01896.x
Dose-dependent deleterious and salutary actions of the Nrf2 inducer dh404 in chronic kidney disease

Oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the progression and complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are, in part, due to impairment of the Nrf2 system, which regulates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying molecules. Natural Nrf2-inducing phytochemicals have been shown to ameliorate kidney disease in experimental animals. However, owing to adverse outcomes a clinical trial of a synthetic Nrf2 activator, bardoxolone methyl (BARD), in CKD patients was terminated. BARD activates Nrf2 via covalent modification of reactive cysteine residues in the Nrf2 repressor molecule, Keap1. In addition to Nrf2, Keap1 suppresses IKKB, the positive regulator of NF-κB. Treatment with a BARD analog, dh404, at 5-20mg/kg/day in diabetic obese Zucker rats exacerbates, whereas its use at 2mg/kg/day in 5/6 nephrectomized rats attenuates, CKD progression. We, therefore, hypothesized that deleterious effects of high-dose BARD are mediated by the activation of NF-κB. CKD (5/6 nephrectomized) rats were randomized to receive dh404 (2 or 10mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 weeks. The vehicle-treated group exhibited glomerulosclerosis; interstitial fibrosis and inflammation; activation of NF-κB; upregulation of oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrotic pathways; and suppression of Nrf2 activity and its key target gene products. Treatment with low-dose dh404 restored Nrf2 activity and expression of its target genes, attenuated activation of NF-κB and fibrotic pathways, and reduced glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation. In contrast, treatment with a high dh404 dosage intensified proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and histological abnormalities; amplified upregulation of NF-κB and fibrotic pathways; and suppressed the Nrf2 system. Thus therapy with BARD analogs exerts a dose-dependent dimorphic impact on CKD progression.
Conventional and Expert-Aided Data-Base Management for Computer-Aided Control Engineering

There has been substantial recent progress in the development of software for computer-aided control engineering. This includes both "conventional" software as well as environments based on the use of expert systems. One major area has not received much attention until very recenty: data-base management. In this paper, we define a framework for database management, describe a set of design assumptions and corresponding functional requirements, and describe several roles that an expert system can play in this activity.
Balancing outreach and privacy in Facebook: five guiding decision points

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight five decision points intended to serve as guideposts for librarians attempting to conceptualize their own efforts within Facebook.Design/methodology/approach – Facebook has tendencies and restrictions that can be troubling for librarians committed to a certain conception of privacy. Each decision point highlighted in this paper is an opportunity to consider the implications of a particular decision in light of the privacy concerns created by Facebook. Rather than attempting to be exhaustive, it is an attempt to give a broad overview of the places that librarians should focus their attention.Findings – Each of the five decision points is discussed and the implications considered.Originality/value – It is hoped that the decision points discussed in this paper serve as a starting point for dealing with social networking privacy issues.
Work in progress — A comparison of mentoring functions in capstone courses across engineering disciplines

In the literature describing capstone courses, authors typically classify their work as “mentoring,” though the term has also been used interchangeably with coaching, supervising, and managing. Yet few studies define these terms concretely, and consistency across studies is unclear. This ambiguity has lead to confusion concerning the responsibilities of faculty in the course, and in turn hindered faculty development efforts. To address this gap, the present study seeks to develop a concrete description of faculty-student interactions in the capstone course. We use the term “mentoring” because it implies a relationship between a a more experienced professional and a novice, where the mentor seeks to aid in the development of the protege. In the case of capstone design, this development focuses on the integration of engineering theory and practice and the ability to comprehend and navigate the open-endedness of design problems. To provide the design education community with a working understanding of this relationship, this study applies Kram's theory of mentoring to the context of capstone design to determine the prominent mentoring functions operating in this context, and identifies variations by engineering disciplines.
Sexual and substance use acts of gay and bisexual male adolescents in New York city

Lifetime and current sexual and substance use behaviors were examined among 131 predominantly Hispanic and Black gay and bisexual adolescent males in New York City. Many youths engaged in anal sex with males (80%), and 22% bartered sex for money or drugs. Condom use with male partners typically was initiated one year after a youth became sexually active, was more common with male than female partners, and was more common with anal than with oral sex. Condoms with male partners were never or inconsistently used by 52% of youths. Youths reported high rates of lifetime alcohol (76%), marijuana (42%), and cocaine I crack (25%) use; none reported intravenous drug use. Current alcohol and drug use was significantly related to sexual risk acts. These findings indicate that HIV‐preven‐tion programs for homosexual and bisexual male youths are critical and must address sex with females, inconsistent condom use, and sexual practices while under the influence of drugs and alcohol.
Polypeptides minimine and melittin from bee venom: effects on Drosophila

Abstract Bee venom was fractionated using methanol, acetone, polyacrylamide, and Sephadex gels, and anion exchangers. Two polypeptides were isolated and found to have unique physiological effects on Drosophila melanogaster larvae. One of these—minimine—has a molecular weight of about 6000, contains all of the usual amino acids, and has not been previously described. Third-instar larvae which survive the LD 50 dose of about 0.005 μg of minimine stop feeding and growing and are lethargic but not paralyzed. They develop into flies as small as one-fourth of normal but normal with regard to feeding and mobility. These reproduce, and their progeny are of normal size at the larval and adult stages. The main component of bee venom—melittin—was isolated in two very similar forms. Its in vivo physiological and in vitro anti acetylcholinesterase effects are described in the accompanying paper.
Spectral estimation of Green leaf area index of oats

Green leaf area index (LAI) is a measure of vegetative growth and development and is frequently used as an input parameter in yield estimation and evapotranspiration models. Extensive destructive sampling is usually required to achieve accurate estimates of green LAI in natural situations. In this investigation, a statistical modeling approach was used to predict the green LAI of oats from bidirectional reflectance data collected with multiband radiometers. Stepwise multiple regression models based on two sets of spectral reflectance factors accounted for 73 percent and 65 percent of the variance in green LAI of oats. Exponential models of spectral data transformations of greenness, normalized difference, and near-infrared/red ratio accounted for more of the variance in green LAI than the multiple regression models.
Juries Don't Make Legal Decisions! And Other Problems: A Critique of Hastie et al. on Punitive Damages

Hastie, Schkade, and Payne (1998) published a simulation experiment intended to study the performance of jurors and juries regarding verdicts on whether punitive damages should be allowed. They concluded that juries were not very competent and discussed the legal policy implications of this conclusion. I identify a fatal conceptual flaw that renders the study irrelevant to legal policy: The jurors were asked to decide law, a decision that is the responsibility of the trial judge, not the jury. I also identify a number of misstatements and unsupported assertions in the article.
Learning Field Compatibilities to Extract Database Records from Unstructured Text

Named-entity recognition systems extract entities such as people, organizations, and locations from unstructured text. Rather than extract these mentions in isolation, this paper presents a record extraction system that assembles mentions into records (i.e. database tuples). We construct a probabilistic model of the compatibility between field values, then employ graph partitioning algorithms to cluster fields into cohesive records. We also investigate compatibility functions over sets of fields, rather than simply pairs of fields, to examine how higher representational power can impact performance. We apply our techniques to the task of extracting contact records from faculty and student homepages, demonstrating a 53% error reduction over baseline approaches.
Epigenetic Repression of PDZ-LIM Domain-containing Protein 2 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

The NF-κB transcription factor plays a pivotal role in breast cancer progression and therapy resistance. However, the mechanisms by which the tightly regulated NF-κB becomes constitutively activated during breast cancer pathogenesis remain obscure. Here, we report that PDZ-LIM domain-containing protein 2 (PDLIM2), an essential terminator of NF-κB activation, is repressed in both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells, suggesting one important mechanism for the constitutive activation of NF-κB. Indeed, PDLIM2 reexpression inhibited constitutive NF-κB activation and expression of NF-κB-targeted genes in those breast cancer cells. Importantly, PDLIM2, but not its mutants defective in NF-κB termination, could suppress in vitro anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumor formation of those malignant breast cells. In addition, we have shown that PDLIM2 repression involves promoter methylation. Accordingly, treatment of the breast cancer cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine reverses the methylation of the PDLIM2 promoter, restored PDLIM2 expression, and suppressed tumorigenicities of human breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These studies thus provide important mechanistic insights into breast cancer pathogenesis. These studies also suggest a tumor suppression function of PDLIM2 and a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Zarathustra: The Tragic Figure of the Last Philosopher

The coast has vanished, now the last chain has fallen from me, the boundless roars around me, far out glisten space and time; be of good cheer, old heart.1
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Methane-Gas-Hydrate Dissociation in Porous Media

Study of methane gas hydrate formation and dissociation in Berea core samples. A three-phase 1D model was developed to simulate the process of gas production from Berea sandstone samples containing methane hydrate by means of a depressurization mechanism. The model closely matched the experimental data of gas and water production, the progress of the dissociation front, and the pressure and saturation profiles.
Isolation, characterization and developmental regulation of the human apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) gene.

Abstract Mammalian apolipoprotein B (apo B) mRNA undergoes site-specific C to U deamination which is mediated by a multicomponent enzyme complex containing a minimal core composed of apobec-1 and a complementation factor, ACF. We have isolated and characterized the human ACF gene and examined its tissue-specific and developmental expression. The ACF gene spans ∼80 kb and contains 15 exons, three of which are non-coding. Multiple alternative splice acceptor sites were found, generating at least nine different transcripts. Of these, the majority (∼75–89%) encode functional protein. In order to examine the role of ACF mRNA expression in the regulation of apo B mRNA editing, we examined a panel of fetal intestinal and hepatic mRNAs as well as RNA from an intestinal cell line. A developmental increase in C to U RNA editing has been previously noted in the human intestine. In both instances, the pattern of alternative splicing and overall abundance of ACF mRNA was relatively constant during development in both liver and small intestine. Taken together, the data demonstrate a complex pattern of differential, tissue-specific splicing of ACF mRNA, but suggest that other mechanisms are responsible for the developmental increase noted in intestinal apo B mRNA editing in humans.
DOCUMENTATION OF SYNDACTYLY AND TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME FOR POSSIBLE CONCOMITANT SPEECH DISORDERS

AbstractThe speech characteristics of four syndactylyly patients and five Treacher Collins patients are described. Each patient was given a battery of tests including X-ray analysis, articulation tests, a diadochokinetic rate analysis, to evaluate the speech proficiency and the functioning of the periphreal speech mechanism.Because of the wide range of associated defects, many involving the speech mechanism, often accompanying these two congenital anomalies, this study does indicate that such cases should be seen and studied by the speech pathologist.
Neutron star matter at sub-nuclear densities

An extremely simple form for the energy density of a nuclear many-body system derived from the two-body nucleon-nucleon interaction is used to determine the ground state configuration of matter at sub-nuclear density. As the baryon density is increased, nuclei become progressively more neutron rich until neutrons eventually escape, yielding a Coulomb lattice of bound neutron and proton clusters surrounded by a dilute neutron gas. The clusters enlarge and the lattice constant decreases with increasing density, approaching a completely uniform state near nuclear density.
A study of the thermal conductivity of alumina/glass dispersed composites

The thermal diffusivity of five groups of alumina/glass composite systems has been measured at room temperature using a laser flash system. These data have been used, in conjunction with specific heat and density measurements, to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of these composites. In each of the five groups a systematic variation in glass concentration was made, and each group represents systematic variations in glass and alumina particle sizes. The thermal conductivities calculated are compared with those predicted by four models. It is apparent from these comparisons that the geometry and orientation of porosity within the sample measured are a key factor in determining which of these models (if any) is appropriate for describing the thermal conductivity of these composites.
xxx As di-aryxxx equivalents in polycyclic axxx synthesis

Abstract 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzenes and analogous napbthalanes react with one or two equivalents of n -butyllithum and various dienes (furans, pyrroles, cyclopentadienes, fulvenes) to form mono- or bis-cycloadducts. Highly substituted arenes can be obtained by removing the oxygen or nitrogens bridges from the furan or pyrrole adducts. By choice of conditions, two identical or two different rings can be fused to the di-aryne epuivalent. Improved short syntheses of permethylnaphthalene, -anthracene and -naphthacene are described. A new triphenylene synthesis is presented.
K-EXACT GROUPS AND COARSELY EMBEDDABLE GROUPS

In this paper we introduce the notion of K-exact C * -algebras, in particular K-exact groups. We prove that K-exactness is stable under direct limits and that coarsely embeddable groups are K-exact groups under a technical condition.
Perceptions and attitudes of adolescents with asthma.

Background. Psychosocial factors can limit one's ability to effectively manage asthma. This can result in asthma morbidity that limits quality of life. While self-perceptions of asthmatic children and parents have been studied, less is known about self-perceptions of inner-city adolescents with asthma. Objective. To examine perceptions and attitudes to treatment among inner-city adolescents with asthma. Design/Methods. We conducted a multistaged stratified sample survey at a high school located in the Bronx, NY. First, an asthma-screening survey was administered to 3800 registered students. Then, we identified a subset of 200 children with the most positive screening results for asthma. Next, a 32-item self-completion questionnaire was administered to this cohort. Students were surveyed regarding severity of asthma, perceptions and attitudes, and demographic information. Differences in proportions were tested by Chi-square analyses. Pearson rank-order correlation and multiple logistic regression were used...
Local adaptation to serpentine soils in Pinus ponderosa

Local adaptation to serpentine soils is studied using both transplant experiments and molecular genetic techniques. In long-lived species, such as pines, it is unclear how soon after germination local adaptation becomes detectable. Here I present results of a 36-year reciprocal transplant experiment using Pinus ponderosa, along with allozyme analyses from the same trees. Using a repeated measures analysis of variance, there is evidence for adaptation to serpentine soils; however, significant differences between source soil types do not become apparent until 20 years after the start of the experiment. Analysis of allozyme data showed no evidence for differentiation between the serpentine and non-serpentine populations. Comparing the performance of families over the course of the experiment found that there was little correlation between performance after 1 or 4 years of growth in the field and performance after 36 years. This suggests that short-term transplant experiments may not provide definitive evidence for adaptation to serpentine soils. A literature survey of all transplant studies using pine species growing on and off of serpentine soils found that studies that lasted fewer than 2 years showed no evidence for adaptation. However, in the two experiments (this one included) that lasted more than 2 years, both showed evidence for adaptation to serpentine soils. More long-term experiments are required to validate these results.
Preponderance of Free Mediator in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Biochemical evidence suggesting that the predominant form of Mediator in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae might be one in which the complex is associated with RNA polymerase II to form a holoenzyme has led to the proposition of a holoenzyme-based model for transcription initiation. We report that polymerase-free Mediator, isolated early on during a whole-cell extract fractionation protocol, is in fact the most abundant form of the Mediator complex. The existence of free Mediator would make possible independent recruitment of Mediator and RNA polymerase II to the preinitiation complex. This is in agreement with reports from in vivo studies of time and spatial independence of Mediator and RNA polymerase II promoter interaction, with current models of preinitiation complex structure in which promoter DNA upstream of the transcription start site is positioned between Mediator and polymerase, and with the proposed role of Mediator as the major component of the Scaffold complex involved in transcription reinitiation.
Sistematización in urban disaster risk reduction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of sistematizacion’s use as a research tool in the operationalization of a “neighborhood approach” to the implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in informal urban settlements. Design/methodology/approach – The first section highlights sistematizacion’s historical origins in Latin America in the fields of popular adult education, social work, and rural development. The second explains why sistematizacion was made a required component of project implementation. The third section addresses the approach to sistematizacion used. The final discusses how this experience both contributes to sistematizacion’s theoretical development and practical application as a methodology. Findings – The introduction of “sistematizacion” as a research tool facilitated real-time assessment of project implementation, providing timely information that positively influenced decision-making processes. This on-going feedback, collective learning, and open-exchange...
Suprasegemental and grammatical control over telegraphic speech in young children

The experiment was designed to test the Brown and Fraser (1963) telegraphic speech hypothesis: that children imitate more content words than function words because of linguistic stress associated with content words in English. Thirty-six children aged 18–36 months were assigned to six treatment groups blocked for linguistic development and were asked to imitate ten simple declarative sentences. In each of five experimental conditions, suprasegmental or grammatical features were systematically manipulated. Results contradicted the Brown and Fraser hypothesis: suprasegmental variables did not influence telegraphic speech production significantly. Imitation strategies were, instead, dependent on grammatical hierarchy.
On the Vibration Damping of a Plate by Means of a Viscous Fluid Layer

Vibration damping of a plate by means of a fluid layer is investigated. First, the frequency-dependent flow resistance of a fluid layer is explained with a simple illustration of the damping mechanism. Then, the vibration response of a plate is examined when it is backed by a rigid plane or another flexible plate with a fluid layer constricted in-between. Effects of the plate motion and acoustic radiation on the damping mechanism are also considered. The numerical results are presented in terms of frequency response of the plates.
Remarks on age determination in deep-sea sediments☆

Abstract The general problem of age determination in ocean sediments is reviewed with special regard to geochemical processes in the ocean. Specifically, the equilibrium condition for chemisorption on sediment particles is discussed under the assumption that the equilibrium constant does not change between sediment and sea water, i.e. between systems of extremely high and low sediment concentration. Included is the problem of the geochemical changes of the speciation of adsorbed nuclides with reference to the solubility of the nuclides in acid solutions. The validity of one of the generally used methods for age determination which is based on the assumption of a constant concentration in sea water over geological time is investigated. It is demonstrated that the uranium/thorium ratio in sea water may change with time. Consideration is given to the conditions under which the ionium/thorium ratio may be utilized for determination of age and, consequently, for the determination of the rate of sedimentation.
Theoretical bases of Mosey's group interaction skills

The primary purpose of this article is to review and analyse the theoretical foundations of Mosey's concepts of five levels of group interaction skill development: parallel, project, egocentric cooperative, cooperative and mature group levels. The organization and synthesis of these conceptual levels of group interaction skills are developed into a schema for validating Mosey's concepts and associated ages. The literature includes 25 years of publication of Mosey's concepts. Approaches to content, construct and criterion validity methods of examination of group interaction skill concepts are reviewed. Empirical methods for future validity studies of the tool are proposed. Three new assumptions regarding the relationship of factors of group interaction skill are presented: (1) most people function at two levels of developmental group interaction; (2) there is a relationship between the nature of the activity and the level of function; (3) adults function at lower developmental levels of group interaction if the activity requires it. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
PHOTOCHROMISM OF 2,6‐DINITRODIPHENYL ETHERS ENHANCED IN THE PRESENCE OF A HOST BIOMOLECULE*

— The photochromic behavior of 2,6-dinitrodiphenyl ethers is described. In the course of a study for the photoaffinity labeling of the binding site for thyroxine on human prealbumin, it was found that the thyroxine analog 3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-dinitrophenyl]propionic acid (1), on irradiation with >350nm light in the presence of prealbumin, gave a pink species (λmax 508 nm). In the absence of prealbumin, no color formation was observed. Irradiation of 3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl]propionic acid (2) and 3-(4-phenoxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)propionic acid (3), analogs of 1, in acetonitrile, aqueous bicarbonate, or ethanol gave a colored species (λmax 500–520 nm depending on the solvent) in the absence of a host molecule. In the presence of β-cyclodextrin, which may be considered a model for a binding site on a protein, photocoloration occurred at a faster rate than in the absence of s-cyclodextrin. For both 2 and 3, the colored species underwent thermal back reaction to the starting compound. The activation energy for the thermal back reaction was estimated to be about 40 kj/mol.
Can nonacid reflux cause heartburn

The role of acid is very well established in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. In the current era of frequent use of proton pump inhibitors, we are seeing increasing numbers of patients with symptoms that are refractory to acid suppression. Recent studies suggest that in patients being treated with proton pump inhibitors, nonacid reflux (composed of buffered gastric contents) can cause symptoms. The approach to measuring nonacid reflux and the clinical importance of this phenomenon are examined in this review. Additionally, concepts surrounding possible pathogenetic mechanisms leading to heartburn as a result of nonacid reflux are explored, and potential treatments for this type of reflux are outlined.
Affirmative Action in Higher Education: How do Admission and Financial Aid Rules Affect Future Earnings?

This paper addresses how changing the admission and financial aid rules at colleges affects future earnings. I estimate a structural model of the following decisions by individuals: where to submit applications, which school to attend, and what field to study. The model also includes decisions by schools as to which students to accept and how much financial aid to offer. Simulating how black educational choices would change were they to face the white admission and aid rules shows that race-based advantages had little effect on earnings. However, removing race-based advantages does affect black educational outcomes. In particular, removing advantages in admissions substantially decreases the number of black students at top-tier schools, while removing advantages in financial aid causes a decrease in the number of blacks who attend college.
Carbonate accretionary lapilli in distal deposits of the Chicxulub impact event

The petrography and chemical composition of carbonate accretionary particles of Chicxulub impact origin are described from Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary deposits at Brazos River, Texas, and Bass River borehole, New Jersey. The particles consist of lapilli and lapilli fragments ranging in size from 0.05 to 0.3 cm; they are white in color, have an accretionary fabric at several scales, and are composed of micrometer-sized microspar of low-Mg calcite with an elevated sulfur content. The internal aggregate microfabric indicates that they formed by accretion of small solid particles, suggesting an origin from carbonate crystals generated within the vapor plume of the Chicxulub impact. Carbonate accretionary lapilli occur with altered glass spherules in Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary deposits at sites in Texas and northern Mexico and in the spherule layer in New Jersey, indicating that a large amount of particulate carbonate was present within the impact plume.
GCAP1 rescues rod photoreceptor response in GCAP1/GCAP2 knockout mice.

Visual transduction in retinal photoreceptors operates through a dynamic interplay of two second messengers, Ca2+ and cGMP. Ca2+ regulates the activity of guanylate cyclase (GC) and the synthesis of cGMP by acting on a GC-activating protein (GCAP). While this action is critical for rapid termination of the light response, the GCAP responsible has not been identified. To test if GCAP1, one of two GCAPs present in mouse rods, supports the generation of normal flash responses, transgenic mice were generated that express only GCAP1 under the control of the endogenous promoter. Paired flash responses revealed a correlation between the degree of recovery of the rod a-wave and expression levels of GCAP1. In single cell recordings, the majority of the rods generated flash responses that were indistinguishable from wild type. These results demonstrate that GCAP1 at near normal levels supports the generation of wild-type flash responses in the absence of GCAP2.
The neural network model of organizational identification

This paper proposes the Neural Network Model of Organizational Identification; the model depicts organizational identification as an associative link within an organization member’s social knowledge structure of self as it relates to a focal organization. Within this knowledge structure, organization identification connects self to organization via an attribute sub-network that includes selfconcept and organization identity and via a valance sub-network that includes organization based self-esteem and attitudinal commitment. This model draws on the principles of balance-congruity, imbalance dissonance, and differentiation [Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Psychological Review, 109, 3–25.] to predict relationships between these organizational constructs. The Neural Network Model of Organizational Identification is parsimonious yet it effectively integrates and synthesizes the burgeoning literature on organizational identification. By operating at a neural network level of analysis, the model departs substantially from existing organization models by (1) specifying unique construct definitions; (2) offering an alternative perspective of the affective/cognitive dimensions and interrelationships; (3) introducing the concept of implicit cognition to the literature on organizational identification, which makes apparent problems with current measures; and (4) explaining phenomena not explained in existing models. This perspective adds precision and reveals that organizational identification is interconnected within a reciprocal network of mutual causality. � 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.