cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimal-order observer for linear stochastic time-delay systems

A minimal-order observer for obtaining state estimates in linear stochastic time-delay systems is presented. The system model considered contains white noise disturbance in both the process and the output measurements. An observer gain matrix is derived which minimizes the estimation error in the mean-square sense. The error variance of the observer has been compared to that of an optimal Kalman filter using a second-order time-delay system as an example
Disulfide Transfer between Two Conserved Cysteine Pairs Imparts Selectivity to Protein Oxidation by Ero1

The membrane-associated flavoprotein Ero1p promotes disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by selectively oxidizing the soluble oxidoreductase protein disulfide isomerase (Pdi1p), which in turn can directly oxidize secretory proteins. Two redox-active disulfide bonds are essential for Ero1p oxidase activity: Cys100-Cys105 and Cys352-Cys355. Genetic and structural data indicate a disulfide bond is transferred from Cys100-Cys105 directly to Pdi1p, whereas a Cys352-Cys355 disulfide bond is used to reoxidize the reduced Cys100-Cys105 pair through an internal thiol-transfer reaction. Electron transfer from Cys352-Cys355 to molecular oxygen, by way of a flavin cofactor, maintains Cys352-Cys355 in an oxidized form. Herein, we identify a mixed disulfide species that confirms the Ero1p intercysteine thiol-transfer relay in vivo and identify Cys105 and Cys352 as the cysteines that mediate thiol-disulfide exchange. Moreover, we describe Ero1p mutants that have the surprising ability to oxidize substrates in the absence of Cys100-Cys105. We show the oxidase activity of these mutants results from structural changes in Ero1p that allow substrates increased access to Cys352-Cys355, which are normally buried beneath the protein surface. The altered activity of these Ero1p mutants toward selected substrates leads us to propose the catalytic mechanism involving transfer between cysteine pairs evolved to impart substrate specificity to Ero1p.
Post‐Mortem Changes in Subcelllular Fractions from Normal and Pale, Soft, Exudative Porcine Muscle. 2. Electron Microscopy.

SUMMARY— Myofibrillar, mitochondrial, heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum, and light sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions were isolated from homogenates of normal and pale, soft, exudative (PSE) porcine muscle at 0 and 24 hr post-mortem and examined by electron microscopy. No differences were observed between normal and PSE myofibrils obtained at death. PSE myofibrils prepared at 24 hr post-mortem had more granular appearing filaments and wider Z lines than normal myofibrils at 24 hr. The PSE heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction obtained at death had a higher proportion of granular material than the same fraction from normal muscle. Several structural differences between the other PSE and normal fractions were also observed, especially at 24 hr postmortem. This study indicated that the composition of the subcellular fractions changed with time post-mortem and that this change should be considered when analyzing biochemical data from these fractions. However, the differences observed could not explain the large changes in calcium accumulating ability that have been shown to occur post-mortem.
Gap gene properties of the pair-rule gene runt during Drosophila segmentation

The Drosophila Runt protein is a member of a new family of transcriptional regulators that have important roles in processes extending from pattern formation in insect embryos to leukemogenesis in humans. We used ectopic expression to investigate runt's function in the pathway of Drosophila segmentation. Transient over-expression of runt under the control of a Drosophila heat-shock promoter caused stripe-specific defects in the expression patterns of the pair-rule genes hairy and even-skipped but had a more uniform effect on the secondary pair-rule gene fushi tarazu. Surprisingly, the expression of the gap segmentation genes, which are upstream of runt in the segmentation hierarchy was also altered in hs/runt embryos. A subset of these effects were interpreted as due to an antagonistic effect of runt on transcriptional activation by the maternal morphogen bicoid. In support of this, expression of synthetic reporter gene constructs containing oligomerized binding sites for the Bicoid protein was reduced in hs/runt embryos. Finally, genetic experiments demonstrated that regulation of gap gene expression by runt is a normal component of the regulatory program that generates the segmented body pattern of the Drosophila embryo.
Mutualism (carpooling) of ecologists and taxonomists

Ecologists and taxonomists have a common stake in the biodiversity enterprise but approach problems differently. Ecologists use structured designs to obtain multispecies samples and supporting information which they transform to data for analysis. Taxonomists obtain collections by less formal search, are specimen- rather than data-focused, target rare and undescribed species, and organize specimens and data by taxon with less attention to associated species and environmental data. Ecologists undervalue their contributions to taxonomic and distributional research. Taxonomists pass by the multispecies and negative occurrence data in collections. Complementarity of taxonomic and ecological approaches guarantees a stronger scientific product but effective collaboration requires continuing reciprocal involvement by both parties.
What is the Evidence

Less than 10 min by car from Beverly Hills, when the traffic is cooperative, on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles, you will find the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and George C. Page Park. In the park you will find the Page Museum and a large, somewhat foul smelling pond with statues of mastodons around and in it.
Integrated-circuit diagnostics using micromachined photoconductive-sampling probes

A high-impedance, fiber-mounted, photoconductive-sampling probe is utilized for performing calibration-free, absolute-voltage electrical measurements at internal nodes of high-speed digital and analog integrated circuits. The photoconductive sampling probe is thus found to be a valuable tool for circuit diagnostics, failure analysis, and model validation.
Visualizing Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus by Using the tdTomato Fluorescent Protein

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the delta subgroup of proteobacteria and is characterized by a predatory life cycle. In recent years, work has highlighted the potential use of this predator to control bacteria and biofilms. Traditionally, the reduction in prey cells was used to monitor predation dynamics. In this study, we introduced pMQ414, a plasmid that expresses the tdTomato fluorescent reporter protein, into a host-independent strain and a host-dependent strain of B. bacteriovorus 109J. The new construct was used to conveniently monitor predator proliferation in real time, in different growth conditions, in the presence of lytic enzymes, and on several prey bacteria, replicating previous studies that used plaque analysis to quantify B. bacteriovorus. The new fluorescent plasmid also enabled us to visualize the predator in liquid cultures, in the context of a biofilm, and in association with human epithelial cells.
Estimating and Fusing Quality Factors for Iris Biometric Images

Iris recognition, the ability to recognize and distinguish individuals by their iris pattern, is one of the most reliable biometrics in terms of recognition and identification performance. However, the performance of these systems is affected by poor-quality imaging. In this paper, we extend iris quality assessment research by analyzing the effect of various quality factors such as defocus blur, off-angle, occlusion/specular reflection, lighting, and iris resolution on the performance of a traditional iris recognition system. We further design a fully automated iris image quality evaluation block that estimates defocus blur, motion blur, off-angle, occlusion, lighting, specular reflection, and pixel counts. First, each factor is estimated individually, and then, the second step fuses the estimated factors by using a Dempster-Shafer theory approach to evidential reasoning. The designed block is evaluated on three data sets: Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA) 3.0 interval subset, West Virginia University (WVU) non-ideal iris, and Iris Challenge Evaluation (ICE) 1.0 dataset made available by National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). Considerable improvement in recognition performance is demonstrated when removing poor-quality images selected by our quality metric. The upper bound on computational complexity required to evaluate the quality of a single image is O(n2 log n).
A Storyville Education Spatial Practices and the Learned Sex Trade in the City That Care Forgot

Storyville, the legalized red-light district of New Orleans (1897-1917), was a designated space containing informal opportunities for learning in which its residents practiced the sex trade. Althou...
Multi-Modal CT Delays Initiation of Intravenous rt-PA for Acute Ischemic Stroke (P07.023)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of intravenous rt-PA treatment delays in our comprehensive stroke center. Background Timely administration of intravenous rt-PA improves outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Guidelines endorse rt-PA treatment in eligible patients within 60 minutes of emergency department (ED) arrival. Design/Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients who received intravenous rt-PA over 8 months. Time intervals from ED arrival to neuroimaging and treatment with rt-PA were calculated. Door-to-needle (DTN) time was defined as the interval from ED arrival to initiation of rt-PA treatment. Patients with DTN times ≤ 60 minutes were compared to those with DTN times > 60 minutes using the Student9s t-test for continuous variables and Fisher9s exact test for categorical variables. Results: 18 /154 (11.7%) patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke were treated with rt-PA. In the overall treatment cohort, the mean age was 68.7±20.3 years, 44 % were male, and baseline NIHSS ranged from 1- 31. The mean DTN time was 67±34 minutes and 10/18 (56%) had DTN time ≤ 60 minutes. Patients with DTN times > 60 minutes were older (mean age 79 vs.61; p=0.05) and more likely to undergo multi-modal CT imaging (75% vs. 20%; p=0.05) prior to administration of rt-PA. The mean DTN time in those patients who underwent multi-modal CTA was 88±38 minutes vs. 50±17minutes in those who did not undergo multi-modal CTA (p=0.01). No significant differences in baseline stroke severity, time of day, day of week or time from symptom onset to ED arrival were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: In our comprehensive stroke center, performance of multimodal CT in patients eligible for intravenous rt-PA was associated with treatment delays. The diagnostic value of CTA and CTP should be carefully considered in acute ischemic stroke patients who present within 3 hours of symptom onset. Disclosure: Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Raper has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mooney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shaw has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meschia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barrett has nothing to disclose.
Nitric Oxide: Diverse Actions in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Nitric oxide (NO) has revolutionized our conceptions about neurotransmission. NO is not stored in synaptic vesicles, is not released by exocytosis, and does not mediate its action by binding to cell surface receptors. Instead, NO simply diffuses to its targets, and its actions are mediated through molecules that accept or share its unpaired electron. NO has diverse biological roles, including functions as the nitrergic transmitter of the peripheral nervous system, the major regulator of blood vessel tone, and actions as the cytotoxic agent of activated macrophages. In the CNS, NO function is just beginning to be explored, but it seems to play prominent roles in plasticity and the regulation of complex behaviors. Under conditions of excessive formation. NO has emerged as an important endogenous neurotoxin. Strategies aimed at reducing NO formation may therefore have therapeutic benefit. NEUROSCIENTIST 4:96–112, 1998
Credibility and the world wide web

This chapter focuses on Web credibility—credibility is a key factor in a Web site's ability to persuade. Without credibility, sites are not likely to persuade users to change their attitudes or behaviors—to embrace the site's cause, register personal information, make purchases, click on ads, complete surveys, or bookmark the site for return visits. Web credibility has two sides, one that relates mostly to Web surfers and one that relates to Web designers. Web credibility, like the general concept of credibility is made up of two dimensions—trustworthiness and expertise. When a Web site conveys both qualities it is credible and when it lacks one of these qualities, credibility suffers. The chapter discusses the elements that increase and decrease credibility. A website has increased credibility when it fulfills users' positive expectations. The chapter also describes the four types of Web credibility—presumed, reputed, surface, and earned.
Applications of Animal Embryo Culture Research to Human IVF and Embryo Transfer Programs

The motivation for many reproductive biologists to study early developmental processes is the specter of overpopulation. The figures are grim; for example, India is estimated to have a billion inhabitants by the year 2000. Similarly, birth rates remain extremely high throughout Africa, a continent that is facing continual shortfalls in food production. However, the other side of the coin is the problem of infertility. In traditional societies, particularly those of Asia and Africa, a childless woman is the object of scorn and pity. Even in Western societies where adoption has been common, the combination of increased rates of infertility and the difficulty of finding appropriate adoptive babies has exacerbated the problems of the childless couple. Thus, many reproductive biologists have come to realize that although the global imperative of halting population growth is still of paramount importance, the individual right to reproduction must be recognized, and in cases of infertility, ameliorated in so far as is possible. Furthermore, the study of normal processes, albeit in vitro, may lead to important new insights regarding in vivo early reproductive processes, and enhance our ability to develop new and acceptable contraceptive techniques.
Nuss bar migrations: occurrence and classification

Pectus excavatum results from dorsal deviation of the sternum causing narrowing of the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest. It can result in significant cosmetic deformities and cardiopulmonary compromise if severe. The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive technique that involves placing a thin horizontally oriented metal bar below the dorsal sternal apex for correction of the pectus deformity. To identify the frequency and types of Nuss bar migrations, to present a new categorization of bar migrations, and to present examples of true migrations and pseudomigrations. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records and all pertinent radiologic studies of 311 pediatric patients who underwent a Nuss procedure. We evaluated the frequency and type of bar migrations. Bar migration was demonstrated in 23 of 311 patients (7%) and occurred within a mean period of 26 days after surgery. Bar migrations were subjectively defined as deviation of the bar from the position demonstrated on the immediate postoperative radiographs and categorized as superior, inferior, rotation, lateral or flipped using a new classification system. Sixteen of the 23 migrations required re-operation. Nuss bar migration can be diagnosed with careful evaluation of serial radiographs. Nuss bar migration has a wide variety of appearances and requires exclusion of pseudomigration resulting from changes in patient positioning between radiologic examinations.
Crafting & Managing Effects: The Evolution of the Profession of Arm

Recent operations conducted against U.S. businesses and its citizens have once again exposed a critical vulnerability in how the United States government thinks about and defends itself against non-kinetic instruments of power. This is particularly true in the new man-made domain of cyber.
State of Confusion: A Non-Profit's Right to Withhold Information from State Regulators

A tempest is brewing, and the non-profit community is sounding an alarm. What started as a simple overlooked regulatory requirement has blossomed into a battlefield as Federal circuits from east to west are weighing the breadth of power state regulators may wield when dealing with charities. The trouble started when some states made the bold move to start enforcing their existing laws. More specifically, the Attorneys General in New York and California started requiring non-profits to disclose the identity of their donors before allowing solicitation activities to occur.Initially, two organizations filed suit to enjoin the states from collecting their donor information. The charities argued that being compelled to disclose this information would result in a chilling effect, reasoning that donors would shy away from making contributions, which would cause the charities to lose support. Early on in the litigation, courts held that the states had every right to the charities’ donor information and denied injunctive relief. Then a third organization joined the fray with a similar plan, but in the midst of a wending judicial path, a different course was forged. The organization was granted a full trial and walked away with a win on the merits. While this signaled a temporary change in fortunes for the affected charities, the inconsistent judicial results have left all parties with more uncertainty than when they began. Now, this nascent line of jurisprudence is muddled, and it is up to either the courts or Congress to bring resolution and consistency to this sensitive Constitutional issue.
Lateral Orbitotomy Approach for Lesions Involving the Middle Fossa: A Retrospective Review of Thirteen Patients.

Background Classically used for treatment of orbital lesions, the lateral orbitotomy with cantholysis can be combined with a temporal craniectomy for lesions involving the middle cranial fossa. Objective To present a single-center experience with the lateral orbitotomy approach for lesions involving the middle fossa. Metuods Twenty-five patients underwent lateral orbitotomies from April 2012 to July 2015. Excluding patients with solely intraorbital pathologies, 13 patients’ clinical and radiographic records were retrospectively reviewed. Results Signs/symptoms in the 13 patients (ages 28-81) included proptosis (69%), decreased visual acuity (31%), diplopia (54%), and afferent pupillary defect (69%). Pathologies were meningioma (8), esthesioneuroblastoma, lymphoma, chordoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical goals were maximal safe resection in 8 patients, palliative debulking in 3 patients, and cavernous sinus biopsy in 2 patients. In 8 patients for whom maximal resection was the goal, 2 had gross total resection, while 6 had near-total resection. All patients (3) for whom palliation was the goal had symptomatic improvement. Both cavernous sinus biopsies obtained diagnostic tissue without complications. All patients with proptosis (n = 9) and diplopia (n = 7), and 2 of 4 patients with decreased visual acuity had improvement in their symptoms. No patient reported worsening of their symptoms. Mean follow-up was 12 mo (2-30 mo). Complications included oculorrhea (1), pseudomeningocele (2), transient ptosis (2), and forehead numbness (1). Conclusion The lateral orbitotomy is a promising approach for carefully selected lesions with involvement of both the lateral orbit and middle cranial fossa. It provides minimally invasive access for biopsy, decompression, or resection.
Abstract 526: Macrophage Clearance from Resolving Inflammation Depends on Apoptosis Rather than Migration to Lymph Nodes

Resolution of acute inflammation is a key step in the return to homeostasis after initiation of tissue injury, and its failure ultimately leads to a state of chronic inflammation known to favor the initiation and/or the progression of numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis. However, the cellular mechanisms governing inflammatory macrophages (iM f ) clearance during the process of resolution are not completely understood. To better investigate iM f clearance in acute inflammation, we for the first time compared the importance of emigration through lymphatics to that of local death using a classical model of acute resolving peritonitis induced by thioglycollate. Of note, Ly-6C hi monocyte-derived iM f that accumulated in the peritoneum became CD11c+ cells, but gene expression profiling revealed these cells as macrophages, not dendritic cells. Although these iM f migrate to draining lymph nodes, this appeared in a kinetic and a quantity that doesn’t fit with the onset and extend of macrophage contraction during resolution. We found that migration out of the peritoneal cavity surprisingly did not rely on CCR7 but was partially dependent on CCR2. Moreover, blocking migration using a Gαi signaling inhibitors (that block all chemokine-dependent migrations and others) minimally impact on iM f clearance. By contrast, competition assays between WT and CD68-Bcl2 transgenic or Bim -/- iM f revealed that macrophage protected from apoptosis were much less susceptible to be cleared from the cavity during resolution. Thus, we conclude that in a model previously claimed to remove macrophages via emigration, local death of macrophages is quantitatively the main mode of clearance. As we recently reported that iM f removal from regressing atherosclerotic plaques is an emigration-independent process, we are now completing experiments to study the role of apoptosis in this phenomenon. Overall, removal by local death and control of new recruitment may be universally dominant mechanisms for macrophage clearance.
A Multidimensional Study of Vocal Function Following Radiation Therapy for Laryngeal Cancers.

Background:Radiation therapy (XRT) has proven to be an effective curative modality in the treatment of laryngeal cancers. However, XRT also has deleterious effects on vocal function.Aim:To demonstr...
Co-Workers as Trainers for Entry-Level Workers: A Competitive Employment Model for Individuals with Disabilities.

A competitive employment transition model for individuals with mental retardation, learning disabilities, and behavior problems was evaluated in northern Utah. Employees in community businesses wer...
Towards expressive instrument synthesis through smooth frame-by-frame reconstruction: From string to woodwind

We consider the task of mapping the performance of a musical excerpt on one instrument to another. Our focus is on excitation-continuous instruments, where pitch, amplitude, spectrum, and time envelope are controlled continuously by the player. The synthesized instrument should follow the target instrument's expressive gestures as much as possible, while also following its natural characteristics. We develop an objective function that balances distance of the synthesis to the target and smoothness in the spectral domain. An experiment mapping violin to bassoon playing by concatenating together short excerpts of audio from a database of solo bassoon recordings serves as an illustration.
The Three Futures of World Literature

"Current world-literature discussions are located far from Hugo’s place on the spectrum, and far from Baudelaire’s and Flaubert’s too. In their attention to measurable proxies of success and influence, they waver between the 'American' and 'rosy' alternatives set forth by Bouvard and Pecuchet. If the debate about world literature, whether as fact or as value, seems to be a recycled motif from the stockpile of nineteenth-century cultural anxieties, perhaps what it needs is more 'structure,' to echo Bourdieu again: an avowal of its fatedness, repetitiveness, and overdetermination.... The question has never been 'What Is World Literature?' but 'Whence comes this fantasy, and what is the hold it still has on us?'"
The effect of different loading scenarios on deformation shape and fatigue life of plastics

Compliant mechanisms are a relatively new technology which often utilize elastic body deformation to transfer an input force and displacement to an output force and displacement at a different location. The inherent function of these devices makes them susceptible to field failures. Consider the Britax B-Safe 35 infant car seat series, which was recalled in June of 2017. The products were recalled because of the potential for a compliant member in the unit's chest clip to fail in field, presenting a choking hazard for the children in the seat. This single component failure led to full-system failure as the infant car seat's primary function was no longer fulfilled. Field failures like this underscore the importance that testing be properly performed to ensure compliant mechanisms in the marketplace do not affect product reliability. One such form of applicable testing is for fatigue; however, further research is needed to ensure the deformation shape tested during fatigue tests resembles that of the compliant member in the system in the field. Three-point bending tests and dual-directional cyclic loading tests were performed using three different testing apparatuses with various deformation shapes which may reflect various loading scenarios in reality. Fatigue data was generated using ABS plastic sheets with multiple deformation shapes. This paper includes the results from the three-point bending and fatigue tests on ABS plastic sheets (5.0” × 0.5” × 0.125”) which provides insight on the influence that different deformation shapes have on the fatigue life of ABS plastic.
Mechanisms of Glomerular Permselectivity

The hydraulic pressure gradient acting across the glomerular capillary wall serves as the principal driving force for the separation of plasma into a nearly ideal ultrafiltrate. In spite of its remarkably low resistance to water flow, however, this capillary network retains within it the plasma proteins, so that only a small fraction of these circulating macromolecules appear in the glomerular urine. The basis for this retention of proteins within the glomerular capillary has been investigated primarily by clearance techniques and by ultrastructural analyses, using various types of tracer macromolecules. These studies have demonstrated that the filtration of macromolecules is influenced both by the intrinsic permeability properties of the glomerular capillary and by the presures and flows determining the filtration rate of water. The intrinsic permeability properties of the various membrane and cell layers of the glomerulus derive from their ability to discriminate on the basis of molecular size and net molecular charge. In this review, the operation of these mechanisms in health and in disease will be explored.
Short Tandem Repeat Markers

Short tandem repeat (STR) sequences are named by the length of DNA regions with the repeat unit. STRs have become popular DNA repeat markers because they are easily amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without the problems of differential amplification. This chapter discusses the types of STR markers. STR allele nomenclature, a common nomenclature, is developed to aid in interlaboratory reproducibility and comparisons of data in the forensic DNA community. An allelic ladder is an artificial mixture of the common alleles present in the human population for a particular STR marker. For DNA typing markers to be effective across a wide number of jurisdictions, a common set of standardized markers must be used. Today both Applied Biosystems and the Promega Corporation have STR kits that address the needs of the DNA typing community and cover a common set of STR loci. Each manufacturer of STR kits provides allelic ladders that may be used for accurate genotyping. Applied Biosystems introduced two new technologies with their AmpF l STR Identifiler kit when it was released in 2001. By far the most popular method for sex typing today is the amelogenin system because it can be performed in conjunction with STR analysis. STR Base, an Internet-accessible informational database, officially launched in July 1997 in anticipation of the impact of STR markers on DNA typing and the need for a common source of information that could evolve as the process improved.
Initial characterization of lens beta-adrenergic receptors

Crude plasma membranes were prepared from chick lens epithelial and fiber cells and assayed for specific binding of the beta-adrenergic antagonist dihydroalprenolol. Both membranes specifically bound the ligand, with the epithelial membranes exhibiting a greater number of higher affinity sites. This is the first demonstration of lens beta-adrenergic receptors using this type of assay and the first direct demonstration of beta-adrenergic receptors in lens fiber cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:2190-2194,1989
Abstract WP365: Meet in CT: The Development of an Ischemic Stroke Transfer team

Background and Issues: Our stroke center accepts patients from a large rural catchment area for advanced treatment, including endovascular intervention. An ischemic stroke transfer is initiated by ...
ScanAlert: Electronic Medication Monitor and Reminder to Improve Medical Adherence

Patients medication adherence deems essential to achieving favorable health outcomes. However, poor medication adherence accounts for wasted funds in medical costs and high morbidity rates. Electronic medication monitors have been developed to approach this issue by providing a means to collect patients nonadherence rates. Nonetheless, there is a lack of direct intervention in a patients life to ensure his/her medication adherence supported by confirmation of an external source. This paper presents an Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)-based electronic medication monitor and reminder that may communicate to a physician directly via e-mail. An RFID reader and a modified RFID tag were used to validate patients consumption of the prescriptions. Modified with rubber and aluminum to be scanned on only one side, the tag would attach underneath the prescription bottle, so the user would be incentivized to open the prescription bottle, take the medication, and scan the caps interior tag over the reader. A buzzer reminds the user to consume medication thirty minutes prior to and at the scheduled time. The user has a one-hour window after the first buzz to scan the tag. If scanned, the device will recognize consumption and deactivate until the next scheduled intake; if not scanned, the device will send an e-mail to a care taker, physician, or database to record nonadherence. Results of the hardwares power consumption indicated that the device would last about 3 hours on a 9V 500mAh battery.
Towards the development of a standardized method for extraction and analysis of PFAS in biological tissues

The stability and surface activity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) led to their extensive and diverse commercial and industrial use. However, these properties are accompanied by generally high aqueous solubility and toxic effects, resulting in growing scientific and public concern. Given the surge in PFAS analyses in recent years, recurrent incidents of analytical inconsistencies reported in the literature, and the demand for robust, standardized analytical methods, an effort to condense and quantitatively define/describe PFAS analytical issues was necessary. Thus, this work had two objectives. A review of PFAS analytical literature identified and compiled analytical challenges with specific attention to interlaboratory studies and information related to low analyte recoveries. Data from a series of systematic experiments quantitatively helped to identify those differences in the analytical methodologies that caused inconsistencies and may compromise PFAS analytical results. The adsorptive properties of these unique compounds were identified as the primary source of analytical irreproducibility, particularly for analytes with a perfluoroalkyl chain length exceeding nine carbons. More specifically, solvent composition (water/methanol ratio) was found to be the primary contributor to adsorptive analyte losses with a significant increase in adsorption occurring when water content of the analyzed solution was raised beyond 25%. The container material used also affected adsorptive losses for solutions with elevated water fractions. Contrary to literature reports, polypropylene containers generally resulted in greater analyte losses compared to amber borosilicate glass containers. These findings led to modifications of sample preparation procedures to provide a more robust analytical methodology. This methodology was subsequently utilized in the analysis of 300 biological tissue samples. A detailed procedure and discussion of its performance are provided. These findings and the connections made to the cited literature will provide the framework for a standardized method for PFAS extraction and analysis of biological tissues.
Chromatin engineering offers an opportunity to advance epigenetic cancer therapy.

Misregulation of gene cohorts, which is caused by aberrant chromatin features and is observed in various cancers, has spurred the development and use of epigenetic anti-cancer drugs. Here, we argue that, in addition to small-molecule inhibitors that target chromatin regulators, synthetic reader-effectors that are recruited to abnormal chromatin features have the potential to correct gene misregulation in epigenetic therapy.
Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Management of Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness: A Review

Purpose The purpose of this article is to review the advancing understanding, differential diagnosis, and integral role of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) in the relatively new but very common diagn...
Reconfigurable emergent patterns in active chiral fluids.

Active fluids comprised of autonomous spinning units injecting energy and angular momentum at the microscopic level represent a promising platform for active materials design. The complexity of the accessible dynamic states is expected to dramatically increase in the case of chiral active units. Here, we use shape anisotropy of colloidal particles to introduce chiral rollers with activity-controlled curvatures of their trajectories and spontaneous handedness of their motion. By controlling activity through variations of the energizing electric field, we reveal emergent dynamic phases, ranging from a gas of spinners to aster-like vortices and rotating flocks, with either polar or nematic alignment of the particles. We demonstrate control and reversibility of these dynamic states by activity. Our findings provide insights into the onset of spatial and temporal coherence in a broad class of active chiral systems, both living and synthetic, and hint at design pathways for active materials based on self-organization and reconfigurability. Chiral active particles are known to exhibit intriguing emergent patterns of collective motion. Here, the authors employ pear-shaped Quincke rollers to generate reversible transitions between different states of collective motion by varying the strength of the applied electric field.
Development of strain-hardening cementitious composites utilizing slag and calcium carbonate powder

Abstract Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCCs), utilizing slag to replace fly ash and a calcium carbonate powder to replace silica sand, were developed in this study. The underlying motivations were to reduce the variation in SHCC’s mechanical properties caused by the inherent variation in fly ash properties and to investigate the influence of using calcium carbonate powder along with slag on these properties. A response surface design of experiments was used to systematically investigate the effects of the two ingredients – slag and calcium carbonate powder – on the mechanical properties of SHCC and determine the optimum mixture composition. These two ingredients showed significant independent effects as well as interaction effects on the properties of SHCC. The best-performing SHCCs developed in this study exhibited mechanical properties similar to conventional SHCCs but with reduced variability in mechanical properties and improved material sustainability.
A geometry-guided deep learning technique for CBCT reconstruction.

Purpose: Although deep learning technique has been successfully used for CT reconstruction, its implementation on cone-beam CT (CBCT) reconstruction is extremely challenging due to memory limitations. In this study, a novel deep learning technique is developed to resolve the memory issue, and its feasibility is demonstrated for CBCT reconstruction from sparsely sampled projection data. Methods: The novel geometry-guided deep learning (GDL) technique is composed of a GDL reconstruction module and a post-processing module. The GDL reconstruction module learns and performs projection-to-image domain transformation by replacing the traditional single fully connected layer with an array of small fully connected layers in the network architecture based on the projection geometry. The deep learning post-processing module further improves image quality after reconstruction. We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of the model by comparing ground truth CBCT with CBCT images reconstructed using 1) GDL reconstruction module only, 2) GDL reconstruction module with deep learning post-processing module, 3) Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress (FDK) only, 4) FDK with deep learning post-processing module, 5) ray-tracing only, and 6) ray-tracing with deep learning post-processing module. The differences are quantified by peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Results: CBCT images reconstructed with GDL show improvements in quantitative scores of PSNR, SSIM, and RMSE. Reconstruction time per image for all reconstruction methods are comparable. Compared to current deep learning methods using large fully connected layers, the estimated memory requirement using GDL is four orders of magnitude less, making deep learning CBCT reconstruction feasible. Conclusion: With much lower memory requirement compared to other existing networks, the GDL technique is demonstrated to be the first deep learning technique that can rapidly and accurately reconstruct CBCT images from sparsely sampled data.
Structural Dynamics of the NSD Family Histone Methyltransferases

The nuclear SET domain containing protein (NSD) family of histone methyltransferases is an oncogenic family of proteins, whose overexpression is directly involved in cancers, such as acute lymphobl...
I Photon Bunching and Antibunching

Publisher Summary This chapter describes photon bunching and antibunching. The chapter reviews the theory pertaining to the generation of bunched and super-Poisson light within the semiclassical theory. The quantum theory of light generation from superpositions of independent emissions is developed. The implementation of physical mechanisms that lead to this kind of light is discussed. The chapter demonstrates that the loss of photons randomizes the statistical properties of an anticorrelated stream of photons, converting it into random (Poisson) form. The nonlinear optics mechanisms—atomic resonance fluorescence and parametric downconversion—that generate small clusters of conditionally sub-Poisson photons are discussed. The use of excitation feedback for generating useful antibunched and cw unconditionally sub-Poisson light is also discussed. The chapter discusses the use of sub-Poisson light for carrying information, such as in a direct-detection lightwave communication system. Sources of light considered for use in direct-detection lightwave communications should (1) be strongly sub-Poisson, (2) exhibit a large photon flux, (3) be small in size, (4) be fast, and (5) produce a collimated output.
Vertebrate Respiration and Circulation in Extreme Conditions

The acquisition and internal transport of respiratory gases and metabolic fuels depend on linked processes, with design and function related to energetic demands and attributes of the environment. Environmental challenges to these processes reflect variation in the density of gases and the pressures that prevail in the environmental medium. Keywords: respiration; circulation; altitude; diving; hypoxia; gravity
Disk Inoculum-Solid Medium Method To Test Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation by Yeast Isolates

Carbon and nitrogen assimilation for 50 yeasts isolated from White Riesling fermentation were tested by using a disk inoculum-solid medium method. This method was quicker and gave results comparable to the conventional liquid medium methods. Yeast characteristics (growth response, pigment production, morphology) could also be compared with this method.
Molecular weights of coliphages and coliphage DNA. 3. Contour length and molecular weight of DNA from bacteriophages T4, T5 and T7, and from bovine papilloma virus.

Abstract DNA has been prepared for electron microscopy at ionic strength 0.20. The lengths of DNA molecules from the following viruses were found to be: bovine papilloma virus, (2.49 ± 0.05)μ (circular DNA); T7, (12.15 ± 0.25)μ; T5, (36.2 ± 0.8)μ; and T4, (52.0 ± 1.0)μ. The limits given are estimated systematic errors of unknown sign plus sample standard deviations. In units of T7 DNA, the relative lengths and their maximum errors are: bovine papilloma virus, 0.205 ± 0.003; T5, 2.98 ± 0.06; and T4, 4.28 ± 0.06; these values should equal relative molecular weights except for T4 DNA (4.71). Based on the mean value of 25.1 × 10 6 daltons, obtained from three recent and independent determinations of T7 DNA molecular weight, the molar linear density of duplex DNA as prepared by standardized electron microscopy was found to be 2.07 × 10 10 for DNA with common bases, 2.28 × 10 10 for T4 DNA, and 2.23 × 10 10 daltons/cm for T2 DNA. Consequently, molecular weights of the following viral DNA's are: bovine papilloma virus, 5.15 × 10 6 ; T5, 74.9 × 10 6 ; T4, 119 × 10 6 ; and T2, 116 × 10 6 daltons.
Eosinophilic Fasciitis Occurring Four Weeks after the Onset of Dialysis in a Renal Failure Patient

Background: Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare, scleroderma-like disease that usually affects the extremities of young to middle-aged males. The disease may cause flexion contractures and limit joint mobility and is associated with peripheral eosinophilia. The fascia, by definition, is infiltrated with mononuclear cells and typically with eosinophils. Eosinophilic fasciitis may be separated from another sclerodermatous disorder, linear scleroderma, by its response to systemic corticosteroids. The etiology is unclear but eosinophilic fasciitis has numerous disease associations. However, it has not previously been associated with renal failure and hemodialysis. Objective: This article reports a case of eosinophilic fasciitis occurring four weeks following the onset of hemodialysis. Methods: The clinical and histologic features confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis. He was treated with systemic corticosteroids with good response. Conclusion: This is the first reported patient who developed eosinophilic fasciitis in close temporal relationship with the start of hemodialysis. While eosinophilic fasciitis may be coincidental with a common disorder, namely, renal failure, it is interesting to note that hemodialysis patients often have immune-regulation abnormalities and peripheral eosinophilia.
Association of potentially inappropriate medication use with patient and prescriber characteristics in Medicare Part D.

Purpose The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in older people is associated with increased risk of adverse drug events and hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the contribution of primary prescribers to variation in PIM use.
Dynamic Model of the Induction Motor

The well known equivalent circuit of the induction motor allows calculation of the basic quantities of a given motor, such as stator current, power factor, developed torque, etc., when the motor operates in the steady state, with constant speed and fixed, balanced, sinusoidal supply voltage. The electrical quantities are represented as phasors and the developed torque is calculated as the output power divided by the angular velocity of the rotor. Since the output power is computed as an average (per cycle), and not as an instantaneous, quantity, it follows that it is also an average, not an instantaneous, value of the torque that is determined. The equivalent circuit is, therefore, insufficient for analysis of transient operating conditions. Also, if a non-sinusoidal voltage, typical for power electronic converters, is applied to the stator then, even in the steady state, calculation of the motor performance using the harmonic decomposition and superposition principles is very tedious.
Punishment, Compensation, and Law: A Theory of Enforceability

1. The means of enforcement 2. The goals of enforcement 3. Measuring enforceability in the pre-violation state of affairs 4. Measuring enforceability in the post-violation state of affairs 5. The relationship between pre-violation expectations and post-violation practice 6. Limitations on the means of enforcement 7. Special problems with legal remedies 8. The value of nominal rights.
Factors contributing to success in research and publications: insights of influential accounting authors

Abstract In the current accounting academic environment, success in research and publications is an increasingly important precondition to professional success and advancement. The objective of this study is to help accounting faculty members to better understand how they might increase their success in the research and publication arena. A survey was conducted of 119 influential accounting researchers, defined as those with annual citation counts of 4.0 or more to their bodies of work in five top accounting journals. These authors were asked to identify and rate the most important factors contributing to their success in research and publications. Over half (62) responded and listed a total of 391 items. These are organized under several major headings as an aid to readers understanding of their commonalities and areas of emphasis.
Global regulation by the seven-component Pi signaling system

This review concerns how Escherichia coli detects environmental inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) to regulate genes of the phosphate (Pho) regulon by the PhoR/PhoB two-component system (TCS). Pi control by the PhoR/PhoB TCS is a paradigm of a bacterial signal transduction pathway in which occupancy of a cell surface receptor(s) controls gene expression in the cytoplasm. The Pi signaling pathway requires seven proteins, all of which probably interact in a membrane-associated signaling complex. Our latest studies show that Pi signaling involves three distinct processes, which appear to correspond to different states of the sensory histidine kinase PhoR: an inhibition state, an activation state, and a deactivation state. We describe a revised model for Pi signal transduction of the E. coli Pho regulon.