cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZING EFFECTIVE BUILT-IN CURLING FROM CONCRETE PAVEMENT FIELD MEASUREMENTS

Instrumented concrete slabs were constructed in Palmdale, Calif., in order to fail the slab sections under accelerated pavement testing. Prior to fatigue failure testing, these slabs were monitored over 24 h cycles without load, and under a slow-moving 40 kN rolling wheel load. Slab temperature profiles, edge and corner deflections, and interior vertical deflections were collected at 2 h intervals. A finite element program was used to analyze the deflection data and calculate an effective built-in temperature difference (EBITD) through the slab, which represented the combined effects of nonlinear “built-in” temperature gradients, irreversible shrinkage, and creep. Differences in restraints (from adjacent slabs, shoulder, and base friction) and variability in material and structural properties resulted in wide variation in the measured EBITD. High EBITD values (−20 to −35°C) were observed for sections with low restraint, and low to moderate EBITD values (0 to −20°C) observed for sections with higher restraint.
Ion pairing between Cl- or ClO4- and alkali metal complexes of ionophore antibiotics in organic solvents: a multinuclear NMR and FT-IR study.

The extent of ion pairing in chloride and perchlorate salts was studied by measurement of the Cl- and ClO4- resonances and the observation of the perchlorate stretching frequency by use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively, for a variety of ionophores in various solutions and in large unilaminar vesicles (LUVs). The NMR line widths of chloride and perchlorate were larger in solutions containing the neutral ionophores valinomycin (Val) and nonactin (Non) than in solutions containing the negatively charged ionophores nigericin (Nig), lasalocid (Las), and monensin (Mon). The viscosity-corrected perchlorate NMR line widths in solutions containing Val and Las were significantly negatively correlated (r2≥ 0.99) with the dielectric constant of the solvent. Solvents with low dielectric constants favored ion pair formation. From methanolic solutions containing the Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+ salts of Cl- and ClO4-, it was determined that the c...
Capillarity of red, white and intermediate muscle fibers in trained and untrained guinea pigs.

Le dressage des cochons d'Inde sur un moulin de discipline augmente la capillarite des fibres musculaires rouges, tandis que les fibres blanches et intermediaires ne changent pas. Ces resultats sont compatibles avec les donnees precedentes qui conseillent d'employer de preference les fibres rouges dans les exercices de resistance.
Teacher Talk: One Teacher's Reflections During Comprehension Strategies Instruction

This study examined one tutor's evolving use of particular talk moves during comprehension strategies instruction in a university-based clinical setting. Through engaging in audiotape reflection and transcript analysis with a coach, the tutor made shifts toward more explicit and purposeful strategies instruction, yet did not consistently transfer these talk moves to routine practice. The viability of these reflection processes and directions for future research are discussed.
Round window application of d-methionine provides complete cisplatin otoprotection

Objective: Cisplatin is a widely used, very effective chemotherapeutic agent that can cause severe ototoxicity. In this study, d-methionine was tested as an otoprotectant via round window membrane (RWM) application in the chinchilla. Methods: A minute amount of cisplatin alone, or d-methionine followed by cisplatin, was applied topically directly to the intact RWM of anesthetized adult chinchillas. Auditory brainstem responses were measured before and 1 week after topical round window application. Animals were killed, and the cochleas were examined. Results: The ears pretreated with d-methionine were completely protected from hearing loss and hair cell loss in the organ of Corti compared with controls. The ears receiving cisplatin without d-methionine protection sustained nearly complete hearing loss with threshold shifts of >60 dB, with extensive outer hair cell loss throughout the organ of Corti but particularly in the basal turn. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that topical d-methionine provides excellent otoprotection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity both electrophysiologically and structurally. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;126:683-689.)
Micromechanical and geometrical properties of tomato skin related to differences in puncture injury susceptibility

To better understand puncture injury susceptibility of tomatoes during handling, the relationship between micromechanical properties (e.g., rupture stress and rupture strain) of different sections of the tomato pericarp (cuticle, epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma) and the microstructure of tomato pericarp of 2 tomato cultivars were determined at harvest and after 14 days of storage. Different sections of the tomato pericarp were isolated before determining their strength using a universal testing machine. Additionally, resin sections of the pericarp tissue were evaluated with light microscopy to determine their geometrical properties. Significant differences between both tomato cultivars were found for the thickness of the cuticle and hypodermis layers, the perimeter of the epidermis cells embedded with cuticle, as well as the cell shape of the hypodermis layer. Additionally, significant differences were found in the micromechanical properties of the different sections of the tomato pericarp. The difference in the microstructural organisation of both tomato cultivars seems, therefore, to influence the strength of the tomato pericarp, which plays a role in the puncture injury susceptibility of different tomato cultivars. During storage, puncture injury susceptibility increases as the rupture stress of the skin and the thickness of the cuticle decrease as well as the proportion of embedded perimeter of the epidermal cells decreases.
The term structure of interest rates within a production economy: A parametric example☆

Abstract The behavior of the term structure of interest rates is studied analytically within a simple stochastic growth model. It is shown that the qualitative characteristics of interest rate behavior within this setting do not differ from those in more general settings which have been studied previously through numerical methods. Specifically, it is demonstrated that interest rates are countercyclical; the yield curve will invert in recessions, but, on average will have a positive slope implying a positive term premium.
Caffeine Consumption, Expectancies of Caffeine-Enhanced Performance, and Caffeinism Symptoms among University Students:

The expectancies paradigm developed in alcohol research was used to study caffeine consumption and signs of caffeinism in two groups of college students. A survey questionnaire was developed to gather self-report data on expectations of caffeine-enhanced performance (EP-CAFF), level of beverage caffeine consumed daily, and DSM-111 caffeinism signs reportedly experienced after consumption of caffeinated beverages. A positive association between EP-CAFF and both caffeine consumption and caffeinism signs was predicted. In both initial (n = 527) and cross-validation (n = 270) samples, significant correlations between EP-CAFF scores and both caffeine consumption and caffeinism symptoms were found. A small, but statistically significant, relationship was also found between caffeinism symptoms and both alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Of the 797 subjects in the combined sample, 151 (18.9%) endorsed five or more DSM-III caffeinism signs. Subjects endorsing five or more signs of caffeinism scored higher on the EP-CAFF scale, and consumed more caffeine and alcohol in both studies and smoked more cigarettes in study one--but not in study two--than did subjects who endorsed fewer than five caffeinism signs. Results support the utility of extending the expectancies model of substance use motivation from alcohol to caffeine.
Electrostatic control of block copolymer morphology

Block copolymers can self-assemble into nanostructures that simultaneously facilitate ion transport and provide mechanical stability. Highly asymmetric charge cohesion effects are now shown to induce the formation of nanostructures with percolated phases desired for ion transport. This strategy could lead to the design of enhanced battery electrolyte materials.
The religious creativity of modern humanity: some observations on Eliade's unfinished thought

Eliade proposed to ‘undertake to analyze the religious creativity of modern societies’ in his History of Religious Ideas but never did so. In this paper I have attempted to suggest the general direction that his analysis would have taken – the identification of the real with the actual is a religious valorization of contemporary humanity. This is not a generic shift from religion to non-religion but a belief of a religious nature which constitutes a novel departure from the traditional operations of the religious mind. It is accompanied by a refusal to countenance our creative involvement in the construction of reality. This Eliade labels ‘modern’ and ‘historical’.
Coupled Markov Random Fields and Mean Field Theory

In recent years many researchers have investigated the use of Markov Random Fields (MRFs) for computer vision. They can be applied for example to reconstruct surfaces from sparse and noisy depth data coming from the output of a visual process, or to integrate early vision processes to label physical discontinuities. In this paper we show that by applying mean field theory to those MRFs models a class of neural networks is obtained. Those networks can speed up the solution for the MRFs models. The method is not restricted to computer vision.
Angular diversity — prominent for compact devices of wireless sensor network in indoor environments

Applying angular diversity in wireless sensor network provides significant impact by providing more reliable wireless connection and larger margin for link budget. Spatial, polar, and angular diversity techniques are applied to achieve diversity benefits. However, not all diversity schemes are suitable for WSN, especially for those devices that are constrained to be compact. The proposed angular diversity not only creates sufficient high diversity order but also can be retrofit to small sensor nodes. Comparisons are obtained by measurements in realistic, indoor environments. The proposed angular diversity is shown to provide high diversity gain for WSN with slightly increase of the form factor of the sensor nodes.
Effects of Processing Temperature and Layup on Springback

Tests were performed to assess the effects of processing conditions and laminate layup on the change in shape (springback). Twelve inch long and one inch wide coupons made of Fiberite T300/976 graphite/epoxy were tested. Coupons of different layups were cured using different types of molds and different types of vacuum bagging arrangements. The curing was performed with different temperature cycles. Springback was measured from the change in shape of initially flat coupons. The results indicated the effects of the applied temperature, applied pressure, material of the mold, arrangement of the teflon surrounding the coupon, and laminate layup on springback.
More than sexual function: predictors of sexual satisfaction in a sample of women age 40-70.

ABSTRACT Introduction The literature provides a complex picture of sexual satisfaction and its predictors. To date, studies have provided a list of predictors of sexual satisfaction, including relational and psychological factors, but very little information is available on the direct effects of these predictors in midlife women, independently from the effects of sexual function on sexual satisfaction. Aim The main aim of this article is to provide empirical evidence on factors that predict sexual satisfaction in middle-aged women above and beyond the explanation provided by sexual function. Main Outcome Measures The three items on sexual satisfaction from the Female Sexual Functioning Index were used to assess different aspects of sexual satisfaction. Methods A sample of 86 women age 40–70 years recruited from a clinic completed a battery of questionnaires on sexual satisfaction and potential predictors, including, psychological well-being, body attitudes, menopausal symptoms, and relationship adjustment. Results Relationship adjustment, psychological well-being, and menopausal symptoms predicted sexual satisfaction above and beyond sexual functioning. Body attitudes did not predict sexual satisfaction in midlife women. Conclusions Data supported the hypothesis that sexual satisfaction is only partially explained by sexual function. Other factors involved in women's lives, such as psychological well-being, relationship adjustment, and, to a lesser extent, menopausal symptoms, affect sexual satisfaction independently from sexual function. Dundon CM, and Rellini AH. More than sexual function: Predictors of sexual satisfaction in a sample of women age 40–70.
Active Sites in Sn-Beta for Glucose Isomerization to Fructose and Epimerization to Mannose

Framework Lewis acidic tin sites in hydrophobic, pure-silica molecular sieves with the zeolite beta topology (Sn-Beta) have been reported previously to predominantly catalyze glucose−fructose isomerization via 1,2 intramolecular hydride shift in water and glucose–mannose epimerization via 1,2 intramolecular carbon shift in methanol. Here, we show that alkali-free Sn-Beta predominantly isomerizes glucose to fructose via 1,2 intramolecular hydride shift in both water and methanol. Increasing extents of postsynthetic Na+ exchange onto Sn-Beta, however, progressively shifts the reaction pathway toward glucose–mannose epimerization via 1,2 intramolecular carbon shift. Na+ remains exchanged onto silanol groups proximal to Sn centers during reaction in methanol solvent, leading to nearly exclusive selectivity toward epimerization. In contrast, decationation occurs with increasing reaction time in aqueous solvent and gradually shifts the reaction selectivity to isomerization at the expense of epimerization. Decat...
RESPONSE TO “STEPS TOWARD A SCIENCE OF FREE WILL”: Determinism, Nondeterminism, and the Distinction Between Uncaused and Unpredictable Behavior

Howard's (1993) reconceptualization of free will and determinism is elaborated to distinguish between uncaused and unpredictable actions by drawing on principles derived from chaos theory. Findings from research on the career alternatives pursued by women are related to the distinctions proposed in these models. Further debate, elaboration, and empirical scrutiny of these ideas are encouraged.
ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: THE EMIDE APPROACHES TO MEET THE NEW CHALLENGES

The pace of globalization is accelerating. It has been forecast that the Gross Domestic Products of the BRIC nations are expected to surpass those of the G6 countries by 2038. Regional economies will change rapidly, suggesting that engineering managers in the East will need to take different approaches to achieve success in the marketplace. This paper outlines five specific approaches, which constitute the EMIDE model, for engineering managers in the East to customize their engineering management practices, in order to capture these new growth opportunities, to expand beyond their local regions and to meet the challenges ahead.
Problems for a quantificational theory of complex demonstratives

This paper presents a number of objections to Jeffrey King’s quantificational theory of complex demonstratives. Some of these objections have to do with modality, whereas others concern attitude ascriptions. Various possible replies are considered. The debate between quantificational theorists and direct reference theorists over complex demonstratives is compared with recent debates concerning definite descriptions.
Exploiting locality for query processing and compression in scientific databases

Improvements in the efficiency of scientific simulations have lead to requirements of large databases. The data captured in such simulations is of large scale and poses challenges in storage, transfer and query processing. However, the data are collected every fraction of a second, storing some redundant information. Thus, the temporal and spatial locality of the data gives us an opportunity to store and transfer over networks efficiently. The data locality also helps in efficiently processing complex analytical queries that are popular in scientific databases. Many scientific data analysis queries involve more than one object/body of interest. Processing such queries pose super-linear computational complexity. In this paper, we propose preliminary solutions to some of these problems along with initial results. Mainly, we try to exploit the spatial and temporal proximity of the data to achieve high levels of compression for efficient storage and analytical query processing.
Effects of dietary zinc supplementation on hen performance, ammonia volatilization, and nitrogen retention in manure.

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary ZnSO4 supplementation on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen retention in hen manure. One hundred twenty, 45-wk-old commercial Leghorn laying hens were sequentially fed diets with 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm Zn as ZnSO4 (Zn-1000, Zn-2000, and Zn-3000), then followed by two control dietary periods with 114 ppm Zn (Control-1 and Control-2) for a total of five consecutive eight-day experiment periods, respectively. When hens were fed the 1000 and 2000 ppm Zn treatment diets, room ammonia levels were significantly reduced compared to the control diets. Dietary Zn treatments reduced the decomposition of uric acid, resulting in an increase in manure total-N retention compared to the control fed birds. The 1000 ppm Zn supplement had no adverse effects on hen body weight, feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, albumen height, or shell thickness. However, hens fed the diet containing 3000 ppm Zn had significantly depressed body weight, feed c...
Growth-parameter dependence of deep levels in molecular-beam-epitaxial GaAs

Deep levels in GaAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy have been examined. Dependence of both electron and hole trap densities on growth parameters such as growth temperature have been obtained.
Interventions that effect change in psychotherapy: A model based on infant research

At the present time we are experiencing wide interest in rethinking and reformulating the conceptual and the clinical bases for understanding the way in which change takes place in psychotherapy. Almost daily one encounters new books, journal articles, and conferences that are directed toward this goal. We are moving psychology from traditional psychoanalytic language and conceptual frameworks to new vocabularies of chaos theory and nonlinear dynamic systems as we seek to describe “process” in the therapeutic interaction. Discussion has moved from explanations of change in the psychotherapeutic process as based on insight, as the unconscious becomes conscious through effective interpretation, to explanations described in terms of shifts in the organization of consciousness. These shifts in consciousness are brought about through moments of shared awareness—Tronick’s hypothesized dyadic states of consciousness—between patient and therapist as they experience “moments of meeting” within their “intersubjective environment.” With these changes in explanation, we are aligning our thinking with new information about the way the brain works in its construction of perception and memory and the way brain morphology becomes shaped by early experience. We are beginning to speak of “themes of organization” in the construction of expectancy for the flow of sequence and consequence in the stream of the recurrent daily events that construct one’s
Glasses from melts and glasses from gels, a comparison

Abstract In recent years, an increasing number of glasses have been prepared by the sol-gel method. Many of these glasses have identical chemical compositions to glasses prepared by the conventional method of cooling the melts. The sol-gel glasses do not involve the melting of crystalline mixtures. It is of both scientific and technical interest to make comparisons between the two different processes of preparing glasses which have the same chemical compositions. It is important to inquire in the structure and microstructure of these glasses are similar, and if not, whether some important properties for certain applications are then different. In this paper, published data on one-component and polycomponent sol-gel glasses are utilized for comparison. The advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel method as compared with the conventional melting method are discussed.
Synthetic studies toward the immunosuppressant FR901483. Facile construction of the azatricyclic skeleton

Abstract A concise synthesis of the azatricyclic core structure of FR901483, a potent immunosuppressant, has been accomplished. The key elements of the approach involve a nucleophilic addition to an acyl iminium ion, a ring closing metathesis and a lactone–lactam rearrangement to provide the tricyclic structure.
The business value of health care information technology.

The American health care system is one of the world's largest and most complex industries. The Health Care Financing Administration reports that 1997 expenditures for health care exceeded one trillion dollars, or 13.5 percent of the gross domestic product. Despite these expenditures, over 16 percent of the U.S. population remains uninsured, and a large percentage of patients express dissatisfaction with the health care system. Managed care, effective in its ability to attenuate the rate of cost increase, is associated with a concomitant degree of administrative overhead that is often perceived by providers and patients alike as a major source of cost and inconvenience. Both providers and patients sense a great degree of inconvenience and an excessive amount of paperwork associated with both the process of seeking medical care and the subsequent process of paying for medical services.
Irbesartan Substitution for Valsartan or Losartan in Treating Hypertension

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether subjects whose therapy was converted from losartan or valsartan to irbesartan maintained equivalent blood pressure measurements, determine the safety and tolerability of irbesartan in the veteran population, and assess the number of subjects attaining their goal blood pressure before and after conversion.METHODS:A retrospective review of medical records for subjects whose antihypertensive was converted to irbesartan was conducted. Demographic data were collected, and subjects' past medical histories were used to determine their goal blood pressure. Blood pressures were compared at baseline, 2 weeks, and 2 months after conversion to determine efficacy, and adverse effect occurrence was compared between visits to assess safety.RESULTS:Conversion was attempted in 79 subjects; 72 met the criteria for review. Mean baseline, 2-week, and 2-month blood pressures for all subjects were 143/74, 139/72, and 139/73 mm Hg, respectively (p values NS). The number of subjects achieving their...
CONDITIONS INFLUENCING THE DISAPPEARANCE OF LIVING BACTERIA FROM THE BLOOD STREAM

1. The simultaneous intravenous injection into normal and actively immunized rabbits of equal quantities of living staphylococci or paratyphoid bacilli is followed by a distinctly accelerated rate of removal of the bacteria from the blood streams of the immune animals. 2. This altered reactivity is due essentially to specific active immunization. 3. The bacteria pass rapidly through the capillary bed of the lungs, extracellularly and dispersed for the most part, and become generalized through the blood stream. 4. The bacteria are quickly removed from the circulating blood in the immune animals and less rapidly in the normal ones, by various organs, particularly the liver and spleen, where they accumulate in enormous numbers, become adherent to the lining membrane of the sinusoids of the liver and apparently to the macrophages of the spleen and are phagocytosed by the macrophages and leucocytes in these organs. 5. Associated with this effect are morphological changes in the bacteria as shown by swelling, loss of staining power and evidences of increased cohesiveness and decreased viscosity, these changes being apparent as early as 2 minutes after their intravenous injection. 6. Inasmuch as these changes are not seen to a marked degree within the lungs or other organs, they are probably the result of a local antigen-antibody reaction of a bacteriotropic type in the two organs generally considered to be most actively concerned with the production of immune bodies. 7. By means of this accelerated bacteriotropic effect in the actively immunized animals, phagocytosis is facilitated and intracellular digestion of the bacteria is enhanced.
Topics in compressed sensing

Compressed sensing has a wide range of applications that include error correction, imaging, radar and many more. Given a sparse signal in a high dimensional space, one wishes to reconstruct that signal accurately and efficiently from a number of linear measurements much less than its actual dimension. Although in theory it is clear that this is possible, the difficulty lies in the construction of algorithms that perform the recovery efficiently, as well as determining which kind of linear measurements allow for the reconstruction. There have been two distinct major approaches to sparse recovery that each present different benefits and shortcomings. The first, L1-minimization methods such as Basis Pursuit, use a linear optimization problem to recover the signal. This method provides strong guarantees and stability, but relies on Linear Programming, whose methods do not yet have strong polynomially bounded runtimes. The second approach uses greedy methods that compute the support of the signal iteratively. These methods are usually much faster than Basis Pursuit, but until recently had not been able to provide the same guarantees. This gap between the two approaches was bridged when we developed and analyzed the greedy algorithm Regularized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (ROMP). ROMP provides similar guarantees to Basis Pursuit as well as the speed of a greedy algorithm. Our more recent algorithm Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP) improves upon these guarantees, and is optimal in every important aspect.
Día de los Muertos: Learning About Death Through Observing and Pitching In

The chapter explores how young children in the state of Puebla, Mexico are socialized with respect to death by observing and pitching in during the annual celebration for dia de los muertos. This chapter focuses on observations made of children's participation in practices related to dia de los muertos and their experiences with death as explored through ethnographic interviews of preschool children and adults from the cities of Cholula and Puebla. We found that children were included in all aspects of dia de los muertos and participated by hanging out, observing, pitching in, and listening. Parents (and grandparents) viewed this active participation as crucial for children to acquire the skills and traditions necessary to be responsible adults in their culture. The current research provides new perspectives regarding the study of children and death within the field of developmental psychology by focusing on how multiple modes of participation are an integral part of young children's socialization with death.
Role of balloon dilation in the management of adult idiopathic subglottic stenosis.

ObjectivesWe evaluated the efficacy of balloon dilation for adjunctive and symptomatic management of isolated idiopathic subglottic stenosis in adults.MethodsAdults with airway obstruction symptoms...
A new electroreceptive teleost: Xenomystus nigri (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae)

The African knife fish,Xenomystus nigri, is found to be sensitive to weak electric fields by the method of averaged evoked potentials from the brain. Slow waves and spikes were recorded in or near the lateral line area of the medulla and the torus semicircularis of the mesencephalon in response to long pulses (best > 50 ms) and low frequency sine waves (best ca. 10 Hz) of voltage gradients down to < 10 μV/cm. Evoked waves in the lateral line area are a sequence of negative and positive deflections beginning with a first peak at ca. 24 ms; in the torus semicircularis the first peak is at ca. 37 ms. Spikes are most likely in the torus between 50 and 80 ms after ON. At each recording locus there is a best axis of the homogeneous electric field and a better polarity. Effects of stimulus intensity, duration and repetition are described. The physiological properties are similar to those of ampullary receptor systems in mormyriforms, gymnotiforms and siluriforms. Confirming Braford (1982),Xenomystus has a large medullary nucleus resembling the nucleus otherwise peculiar to mormyriforms, gymnotiforms and siluriforms and now called the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELLL; formerly the posterior lateral line lobe). We describe the projections of anterior and posterior lateral line nerves by HRP applied to the proximal stump of a cut nerve. A descending central ramus of the anterior lateral line nerve and a lateral component of the ascending ramus of the posterior lateral line nerve end in part in the ELLL. Electroreception, including the system of discrete central structures mediating it, is for the first time found to be less than an ordinal or even a family character, but apparently a characteristic of the subfamily Xenomystinae. Species of the other subfamily, Notopterinae as well as of the other families of osteoglossiforms (Osteoglossidae, Hiodontidae and Pantodontidae), lack the ELLL.Notopterus andPantodon are found to lack the evoked potential. The positive finding of evoked activity to feeble electric field is found to be the most practical method for searching widely among fishes for the presence of the electrosense modality and its central pathways. The anatomical criterion of an ELLL can now be taken to be a good criterion for the presence of this sensory system. The absence of evoked response correlates well with the absence of an ELLL.
Light controlling light in a coupled atom-cavity system

We present a theoretical study of a multiatom cavity quantum electrodynamics system consisting of three-level atoms confined in a cavity and interacting with a control laser from free space. A probe laser is coupled into the cavity, and the transmitted cavity field and reflected probe field from the cavity are analyzed. We show that the free-space control laser induces large nonlinearities for the intracavity probe field, which can be used to control the amplitude and phase of the reflected probe light and the transmitted probe light. Under appropriate conditions, large cross-phase modulation for the reflected and transmitted light fields can be obtained with a weak control field, which renders the system useful for studies of all-optical switching and quantum phase gates.
Abstract 4910: The search for the stem cells of human and canine osteosarcoma: evaluation of stemness markers and sarcosphere formation.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor of both humans and dogs. The high recurrence rate, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy indicate that novel approaches to treatment are needed. In various cancers, a small population of cells with capacity for self-renewal, tumor growth and metastasis have been identified and designated cancer stem cells, CSCs. Identification and effective targeting of CSCs are necessary for successful treatment of these cancers. The heterogeneous cell types of OS suggest the involvement of CSCs in OS. In some studies, the ability to form spheres in semi-solid media has been proposed as a characteristic of CSCs and in others, the expression of the general stemness markers such as OCT4 has been proposed as a major phenotype of the CSCs. In this study, we evaluated the sarcosphere forming fraction of two cell lines, D17 and SAOS2, a canine and a human OS cell line, respectively. Both D17 and SAOS2 cells were transfected with an OCT4-YFP (yellow florescent protein) reporter construct. The YFP positive and negative cell fractions were isolated from both cell lines and evaluated for sarcosphere forming ability. In addition, expression of OCT4 and other stemness markers, NANOG and SOX2 were evaluated. All cells were characterized for their tumorigenic potential in vitro, including invasion through Matrigel, as well as for their ability to form sarcospheres. Our data show that OCT4 positive cells were more invasive than negative subsets in both D17 and SAOS2 cell lines. In addition, while both subsets were able to form spheres, OCT4 positive cells formed larger spheres than negative cells. These findings further highlight the heterogeneity of the osteosarcoma tumor cells, and suggest that neither sarcosphere formation nor OCT4 expression are sufficient to define the CSCs in either canine and human OS. Further studies incorporating other markers are ongoing to identify and characterize the CSCs in OS. Citation Format: Ya-Ting Yang, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan. The search for the stem cells of human and canine osteosarcoma: evaluation of stemness markers and sarcosphere formation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4910. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4910
Distribution, Abundance, and a Probability Model for Larval Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on Dairy Farms in New York State

Aquatic habitats on New York State dairy farms were sampled to determine the distribution and abundance of larval Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett), and to develop a probability model for the presence of the species. Late-instar larvae were found on five to seven of eight dairies selected randomly in each of seven geographically widespread counties; overall, larvae were present on 46 of 56 (82%) farms. Of 626 substrate samples examined, 294 (47%) contained C. variipennis larvae. Larval density was I to 10, II to 49, and >49 larvae per 150-cm3 sample in 72, l4, and 14% of positive samples, respectively. Larvae occurred in a wide variety of farm habitat “types” and “locations” but were particularly abundant in cattle-modified substrates in pastures and cow yards where the source of water was “spring fed” or “milkhouse effluent.” Only I of 108 samples from 20 dairy manure storage systems contained C. variipennis larvae. Nine variables associated with larval habitats contributed significantly to a stepwise logistic regression equation that predicted the presence or absence of C. variipennis with an accuracy of 80.07%. The “degree of animal access,” “pH,” “nitrate concentration,” “water source = milkhouse effluent,” “phosphorous concentration,” “habitat type = stream,” “water source = spring fed,” and “sample period” were positively associated with the presence of larvae; “percent organic matter” was negatively associated. These findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to Northeast dairy operations.
Chimeric oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1 induces apoptosis of hematopoietic cells by a p53-independent mechanism that is suppressed by Bcl-2

The chimeric oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1 results from fusion of the E2A and PBX1 genes following t(1;19) chromosomal translocations in B cell precursor acute leukemias. Experimentally B cell progenitors do not tolerate constitutive expression of E2a-Pbx1 which contrasts with transformation of several other cell types following its stable expression both in vitro and in vivo. To further investigate the effects of E2a-Pbx1 on the B cell progenitors, we conditionally expressed E2a-Pbx1 under control of a metal response element in hematopoietic precursor cell lines in vitro. Inducible expression of E2a-Pbx1 resulted in cell death with the morphologic and molecular features of apoptosis. A structure-function analysis demonstrated that induction of apoptosis was not a dominant-negative effect of the E2a moiety but, rather, required the DNA-binding homeodomain of Pbx1. E2a-Pbx1-induced apoptosis proceeded through a BCL2-responsive checkpoint eventuating in PARP inactivation but did require p53. Constitutive expression of E2a-Pbx1 did not induce apoptosis or continued cycling of Rat-1 fibroblasts in low serum conditions. These studies demonstrate that E2a-Pbx1 initiates programmed cell death of hematopoietic precursers by a mechanism that requires its chimeric transcriptional properties, but, unlike other nuclear oncoproteins, is independent of p53.
Quality Assurance of Histopathologic Diagnoses: A Prospective Audit of Three Thousand Cases

The purpose of this study was to examine a system of quality assurance in which microscopic slides from all surgical cases were subject to peer review before completion of the final pathology report. Three thousand surgical pathology cases were evaluated and the diagnoses entered on preliminary diagnosis sheets. Microscopic slides were reviewed and coded reviewer opinions entered on photostatic copies of preliminary diagnosis sheets. Reviewer comments were incorporated into the final pathology reports at the discretion of the responsible pathologist. Two hundred thirty-three (7.8%) cases were identified in which at least one reviewer disagreed with the preliminary diagnosis; in 67 of the 233 cases (2.2%) the final diagnosis was modified as a result of the review process. Changes in final diagnoses were judged to be significant in 29 (0.96%) cases. These results suggest that systematic review of surgical pathology diagnoses prior to preparation of final pathology reports may be a useful tool in assuring quality and consistency in diagnoses.
Assumptions and Dilemmas in the Study of Americans' Foreign Policy Beliefs: A Caveat

The preceding contributions to this Symposium have focused on the substantive interpretation of evidence regarding stability and change in Americans' foreign policy beliefs. The purpose of this essay is to further this dialogue by focusing on the methodological and epistemological issues involved generally in the study of foreign policy beliefs. The salient assumptions underlying the approach to inquiry taken by the Holsti–Rosenau and Wittkopf projects are identified, and the obstacles to understanding and threats to valid inference posed by these assumptions are illuminated. After highlighting some cautionary principles surrounding the interpretation of research findings, the essay concludes with a series of prescriptions for subsequent research in this area of investigation.
Measuring the Complexity of Treatment for Challenging Behavior using the Treatment Intensity Rating Form.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a tool to measure the complexity and intensity of psychotropic medication interventions, behavioral interventions, and issues related to crisis management for challenging behavior using a standardized rating form.Method: The Treatment Intensity Rating Form (TIRF) is a 10-item scale with three categories: pharmacological interventions, behavior supports, and protective equipment. In a retrospective review, we examined the final treatment recommendations for 74 individuals with self-injurious behavior (SIB) based on psychiatric and behavioral notes and reports. We also compared whether TIRF scores differed across individuals for whom SIB was maintained by social reinforcement (e.g. to access attention or toys/activities, or escape from tasks) vs. those for whom SIB was maintained by automatic reinforcement (e.g. occurs independent of social variables, and is presumed to be maintained by sensory reinforcement).Results: The TIRF was demonstrated t...
The design and application of sewage which contains cyanogens handicraft automatic control system

As the strengthen of people’s environmental protection consciousness and the strict demand of the country to the chemical enterprise sewage discharge. The sewage of the chemical enterprise can be discharged only through strict processing. In order to en-hance sewage’s processing efficiency,considering the technical character of the fluidization burning,we designed an automatic control system for the device of dealing with the sewage which contains cyanogens. Unified through perfect software and the hardware,have successfully implemented the automatic control of dealing with the sewage which contains cyanogens.
Assurer une cohérence entre les outils de gestion des inondations : application au bassin versant de la Vilaine

Afin de mettre en œuvre une gestion pertinente du risque inondation, plusieurs « outils » d'information, d'actions, reglementaires ou financiers co-existent impliquant des acteurs dont les statuts et missions sont diverses. On distingue principalement trois dispositifs qui s'appliquent a un bassin versant dans sa totalite ou en partie : le SAGE (Schema d'Amenagement et de Gestion des Eaux), le PAPI (Programme d'Actions de Prevention des Inondations) et l'application en droit francais de la Directive europeenne Inondations. Ces dispositifs qui ont des portees differentes (outil de planification, financier, reglementaire) doivent pouvoir s'appuyer sur un socle commun pour etre efficaces, ce qui n'est pas toujours le cas. Ainsi, l'Etablissement Public Territorial de Bassin Vilaine (EPTB Vilaine) a œuvre afin qu'ils reposent sur une meme strategie, s'appliquent a un seul territoire, soient portes par une meme structure et pilotes par une unique instance de decision. Cette coherence assuree entre les differents dispositifs sur le bassin versant de la Vilaine a permis de faire emerger une strategie et un plan d'actions partages par l'ensemble des acteurs pour la gestion du risque inondation. Elle a permis aux acteurs de se rencontrer et d'etablir des reseaux.
Metropolis-hastings adaptive algorithm and its application

Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) methods is an important class of computer based simulation techniques.This paper investigates one MCMC method known as the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm.In this paper,we first introduce readers the proceedings of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm.Then we prove the resulting chain satisfies detailed balance,and hence has the target distribution as the invariant distribution.Next,we provide some illustrative examples that show the influence of the proposal function and its variance on the resulting chain,and develop an adaptive method to find optimal proposal for the random walk sampler.Finally,we discuss the relationship between M-H algorithm and Bayesian analysis.The Bayesian Logistic model is used to illustrative the application of M-H algorithm in Bayesian analysis and to test the proposed adaptive method.
Molecular Basis of Genetic Disease and Molecular Methods

Nucleic acid testing is possible because of the physical and biomechanical properties of DNA and RNA such as hybridization, which also form the basis for the physiologic role of nucleic acids. The entire framework of genetic analysis involves the nucleotide sequence of genes, intragenic structure, supragene organization, and mapping of genes onto chromosomes. Genetic diseases are the consequence of mutations affecting one to many nucleotides. Such genetic alterations are detectable by several special assays for examining nucleic acids that are now common in genetic laboratories.
Emerging Technologies for Clinical Practice

Recent technological advances have allowed far greater flexibility and environmentally valid methods for clinicians to interact with clients. This chapter surveys several recent developments that are either in their nascent stages of development or are imminently coming to market, which are expected to provide powerful additional options for treatment delivery. These include smart-phone apps (including therapy apps and ecological momentary assessment), smart-phone sensors, cognitive rehabilitation “games,” other video game intervention platforms, and activity monitors. It is anticipated that these advances will substantially alter the face of treatment delivery, and that methods for training psychologists in the applications of these therapy options will soon develop.
The Future of the Media

Over 150 years ago, the famed French observer Alexis de Tocqueville traveled to the United States for a firsthand look at the New World. Visiting hamlets all across the country, he compiled his impressions into what became the classic book entitled Democracy in America. In that volume, de Tocqueville emphasized how important newspapers were to the American experiment with popular rule, but how personally ambivalent he felt about the press of his day. Writing of newspapers in 1831 and 1832, he confided to his readers that “I do not feel toward freedom of the press that complete and instantaneous love which one accords to things by their nature supremely good.”1 In his view, newspapers were overly personalistic and nasty in their coverage. Their poor quality reflected the coarse and vulgar origins of leading journalists, he thought.
Beyond Diagonal Sciences: Applying Roger Caillois’s Concepts of Symmetry and Dissymmetry to Journey:

The article aims to problematize the perspective of Roger Caillois beyond the relative more influential Les Jeux et les Hommes for Game Studies and then put the use of his theories to the test. By ...
Supercoiling Effects on Short-Range DNA Looping in E. coli.

DNA-protein loops can be essential for gene regulation. The Escherichia coli lactose (lac) operon is controlled by DNA-protein loops that have been studied for decades. Here we adapt this model to test the hypothesis that negative superhelical strain facilitates the formation of short-range (6–8 DNA turns) repression loops in E. coli. The natural negative superhelicity of E. coli DNA is regulated by the interplay of gyrase and topoisomerase enzymes, adding or removing negative supercoils, respectively. Here, we measured quantitatively DNA looping in three different E. coli strains characterized by different levels of global supercoiling: wild type, gyrase mutant (gyrB226), and topoisomerase mutant (ΔtopA10). DNA looping in each strain was measured by assaying repression of the endogenous lac operon, and repression of ten reporter constructs with DNA loop sizes between 70–85 base pairs. Our data are most simply interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that negative supercoiling facilitates gene repression by small DNA-protein loops in living bacteria.
2.07 – Coding Processes

Coding processes are the psychological processes intervening between sensory reception and memory storage. These processes yield a memory code or trace, the function of which is to explain the causal influence of past experience on current performance. This chapter begins with a discussion of the definition and history of coding in memory research and proceeds to a description of research methods used to determine the characteristics of the memory code. Variables known to affect the coding processes are selectively reviewed, and the discussion then turns to the broad metaphors that are used to conceptualize the code. The structural and skill metaphors are described, and the implications for memory coding are discussed in the context of specific variants of each metaphor.
Impact of Investors in Distressed Housing Markets

We examine a recent trend in the market where investors purchase residential properties. We find that investors purchase at a discount of 9.5% compared to individuals purchasing in the same time period and geographic area. More specifically, we find that small investors purchase at a discount of 8.0%, medium investors purchase at a discount of 11.1%, large investors purchase at a discount of 13.6%, and institutional investors purchase at a discount of 7.7%. We also find that the presence of investor buyers in a market helps improve house values. A 10% increase in the percentage of houses purchased by investors in a census block leads to a 0.20% increase in house prices.