cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revision total hip arthroplasty. Current role of polymethylmethacrylate.

In 29 consecutive failed total hip arthroplasties revised during a 15-month period, cement fixation was used in 14 and cementless fixation in 11. A combination of the two techniques was used in four patients. Analysis of the indications for one or the other fixation type showed that the quality of bone stock and the location of bone deficiency were the most important criteria. The use of a fixation technique that suited the method of bone repair, i.e., autografts, allografts, or a combination of the two, was all-important. Cement technique alone was generally used when bone stock was intact and healthy. Cement was also used in combination with protrusio screens and allografts for gross acetabular deficiencies. Cementless, porous ingrowth technique, together with autografts, was preferred for femoral deficiencies or minor acetabular deficiencies. Bipolar prostheses with compressed, fragmented allografts were used as salvage procedures in gross acetabular deficiencies in older patients, especially when the femoral component did not need to be exchanged.
A Note on Bootstrapping M-Estimators in ARMA Models

Kreiss and Franke (Bootstrapping stationary autoregressive moving-average models. J. Time Ser. Anal.13 (1992), 297–317) proposed bootstrapping a linear approximation to the M-estimator in autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) models. In this paper, it is argued that it may be better to apply the bootstrap principle directly to the M-estimator itself. A number of simulation results are presented to compare the two procedures for estimating the sampling distribution of an M-estimator. The theoretical asymptotic validity of the standard bootstrap applied to the M-estimator is established.
Ill-posed problems with unbounded operators

Abstract Let A be a linear, closed, densely defined unbounded operator in a Hilbert space. Assume that A is not boundedly invertible. If Eq. (1) A u = f is solvable, and ‖ f δ − f ‖ ⩽ δ , then the following results are provided: Problem F δ ( u ) : = ‖ A u − f δ ‖ 2 + α ‖ u ‖ 2 has a unique global minimizer u α , δ for any f δ , u α , δ = A * ( A A * + α I ) −1 f δ . There is a function α = α ( δ ) , lim δ → 0 α ( δ ) = 0 such that lim δ → 0 ‖ u α ( δ ) , δ − y ‖ = 0 , where y is the unique minimal-norm solution to (1). A priori and a posteriori choices of α ( δ ) are given. Dynamical Systems Method (DSM) is justified for Eq. (1).
STUDIES ON ARTIFICIAL ANTIGENS : III. THE GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HAPTEN-POLY-L-LYSINE CONJUGATES IN GUINEA PIGS

The genetic transmission of the capacity to develop an immune response to hapten-polylysine conjugates was studied in guinea pigs. 82 per cent of the 22 offspring of 8 pairs of responder (guinea pigs which are capable of an immune response) parents were also responders, whereas, none of the 26 offspring of 9 pairs of non-responder parents were responders. None of 11 strain 13 guinea pigs and 100 per cent of 40 strain 2 guinea pigs were responders. These findings are consistent with the view that the capacity to respond immunologically to hapten-polylysine conjugates is genetically transmitted as a unigenic Mendelian dominant.
Exploration Potential of Remote Sensing: ABSTRACT

Remote Sensing is the detection and measurement of physical quantities at a distance, and the term covers such established fields as geophysical prospecting, aerial photography, and the various military reconnaissance systems. With passing time and increased specialization, these fields tend to become parochial. The recent symposia on Remote Sensing show that there is also a strong interdisciplinary trend, and that collective development of new techniques and the rapid dissemination of information are likely to stimulate application of the resultant systems in widely separated technical fields. Eventually Remote Sensing should become End_Page 518------------------------------ a general service field providing new concepts and techniques to industry, but this will require: (1) better utilization of publications and meetings, (2) early declassification of non-critical military information and greater awareness of its availability, and (3) training and utilization of a new class of physical scientist. As an example, a general investigation into the effects of laser beams on natural targets led to a concept of compositional probing which is specific for one material, ruby. The same principles may have interesting applications in the direct detection of oil and gas at the surface from low-flying aircraft. In any case, the petroleum geologist needs to be aware that this and other new systems are constantly appearing, and that some of them may aid him in his specialized work. End_of_Article - Last_Page 519------------
GI-cube: an architecture for volumetric global illumination and rendering

The power and utility of volume rendering is increased by global illumination. We present a hardware architecture, GI-Cube, designed to accelerate volume rendering, empower volumetric global illumination, and enable a host of ray-based volumetric processing. The algorithm reorders ray processing based on a partitioning of the volume. A cache enables efficient processing of coherent rays within a hardware pipeline. We study the flexibility and performance of this new architecture using both high and low level simulations.
A simulation tool to support recovery bed planning for surgical patients

The cardiovascular (CV) surgery department at Mayo Clinic is planning recovery bed (ICU and step down) needs for the next 10 years. While the current practice focuses on high service level (60% ICU utilization level), e.g., zero surgery cancelation, no shared rooms and no early discharges due to overloading; expected increasing patient volumes will require high level (system) planning in order to maintain the same level of care. A simulation model was developed to support quantitative decision making for the planning process. The model accounts for variability due to surgery scheduling (with seasonal effects), patient mix (with different growth rates), and patient length of stay (both in the ICU and the step-down unit). The model provides decision makers with a means to understand the relationship between patient service level and bed capacity/utilization level. It also provides a tool to evaluate the effects of proposed clinical and process improvements.
Electrostatic accelerators for free electron lasers

Abstract Because of their capability of recovering efficiently ampere level electron beams and their ability of generating high quality electron beams, electrostatic accelerators are ideally suited to drive free electron lasers (FELs) in the mm, far infrared (FIR) and infrared (IR) region. This paper deals with the utilization of electrostatic accelerators as drivers of free electron lasers. In particular, it reviews the efforts carried out to build and operate one such device at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Morover, this paper discusses some of the features that are unique to electrostatic acelerator driven FELs, including narrow spectral bandwidth, high overall efficiency and high average power. A few technological applications are also reviewed.
Microstructural and chemical characterization of the inconel/Ti(N) thin film and multilayer system

Single layer and multilayer films of titanium and Inconel 600 (76 at.% Ni, 16 at.% Cr, 8 at.% Fe) have been prepared by sputtering in argon/nitrogen atmospheres, with nitrogen partial pressures ranging from 0% to 40%. The microstructure and chemistry of the sputtered films were characterized using transmission/high-resolution electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and ion beam analysis with MeV helium beams. The microstructure depended on deposition power and individual layer thickness, as well as the sputtering atmosphere composition. Metal nitrides were formed in single layers of both materials whereas, for multilayers, nitrogen was preferentially incorporated into the titanium layer.
Combination lithography for photonic crystal circuits

We propose a novel method for creating photonic crystals with designed defects. The method exploits a newly discovered property of some photoresists, which under ultraviolet (UV) illumination exhibit positive contrast whereas at the same time they behave as negative resists under electron beam exposure. In the process, substrate is spin-coated with the resist and then soft-baked to remove solvent. In order to define a defect, the sample is exposed with electron beam using a Raith50 e-beam lithography system. Subsequently, large area containing the e-beam patterned defect is exposed with a regular pattern of photonic crystal structure using ultraviolet illumination. Upon chemical developing, large photonic crystal region with local patterned defects is created in resist. This patterned resist acts as a template for etching high index material. We detail the fabrication process and present the resulting structures.
Determining optimal torsional ultrasound power for cataract surgery with automatic longitudinal pulses at maximum vacuum ex vivo.

Purpose To determine the optimal longitudinal power settings for Infiniti OZil Intelligent Phaco (IP) at varying torsional amplitude settings; and to test the hypothesis that increasing longitudinal power is more important at lower torsional amplitudes to achieve efficient phacoemulsification. Design Laboratory investigation. Methods setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. procedure: Individual porcine nuclei were fixed in formalin, then cut into 2.0 mm cubes. Lens cube phacoemulsification was done using OZil IP at 60%, 80%, and 100% torsional amplitude with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 75%, or 100% longitudinal power. All experiments were done using a 20 gauge 0.9 mm bent reverse bevel phaco tip at constant vacuum (550 mm Hg), aspiration rate (40 mL/min), and bottle height (50 cm). main outcome measure: Complete lens particle phacoemulsification (efficiency). Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant increase in efficiency with increasing longitudinal power at 60% torsional amplitude ( R 2 = 0.7269, P = .01) and 80% torsional amplitude ( R 2 = 0.6995, P = .02) but not at 100% amplitude ( R 2 = 0.3053, P = .2). Baseline comparison of 60% or 80% vs 100% torsional amplitude without longitudinal power showed increased efficiency at 100% ( P = .0004). Increasing longitudinal power to 20% abolished the efficiency difference between 80% vs 100% amplitudes. In contrast, 75% longitudinal power abolished the efficiency difference between 60% vs 100% torsional amplitudes. Conclusions Results suggest that longitudinal power becomes more critical at increasing phacoemulsification efficiencies at torsional amplitudes less than 100%. Increasing longitudinal power does not further increase efficiency at maximal torsional amplitudes.
Evolving concepts in the quantitative analysis of the determinants of the plasma water sodium concentration and the pathophysiology and treatment of the dysnatremias.

Evolving concepts in the quantitative analysis of the determinants of the plasma water sodium concentration and the pathophysiology and treatment of the dysnatremias. The physiologic and clinical implications of the empirical formula originally discovered by Edelman et al [J Clin Invest37:1236–1256, 1958] relating the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na+]pw) to the total exchangeable sodium (Nae), total exchangeable potassium (Ke), and total body water (TBW) have recently been elucidated. It is quite remarkable that the full significance of the Edelman equation discovered almost 50 years ago had remained unrecognized by clinicians and physiologists until recently. Although Edelman and colleagues had shown that the [Na+]pw is proportional to the magnitude of (Nae + Ke)/TBW, the linear equation relating [Na+]pw to (Nae + Ke)/TBW had a slope greater than unity of 1.11, and a non-zero y intercept of –25.6 whose significance was unrecognized and more often than not ignored. It has recently been demonstrated that the slope and y intercept in this equation are quantitatively determined by several additional physiologic parameters, which in addition to (Nae + Ke)/TBW, play a role both in modulating the [Na+]pw and in the generation of the dysnatremias. Even more remarkably, based only on the theoretical principles of Gibbs-Donnan and osmotic equilibrium, all the physiologic parameters that determine the magnitude of the [Na+]pw can be incorporated into a simple conceptual and mathematical framework that sheds light on a broad of range of seemingly unrelated topics that have heretofore been treated separately clinically, including (1) effect of changes in the mass balance of Na+, K+, and H2O on the [Na+]pw; (2) modulation of [Na+]pw in hyperglycemic states; (3) definition of an isonatric solution; (4) current formulas used to quantitate electrolyte-free water excretion; (5) complex role of K+ in modulating the [Na+]pw; and (6) quantitative analysis of the generation and treatment of the dysnatremias. Moreover, this analysis has also proven to be an indispensable tool for deriving new formulas to aid the clinician in both interpreting the pathogenesis and treating the dysnatremias.
Tensor Algebra in Transformer Circuits

The application of tensor algebra to the solution of multiwinding transformer circuits is discussed in this paper for comparison with the methods more commonly used for the solution of such circuits. By means of the applications to transformer circuits given herein, elementary tensor methods are illustrated.
The Grand Coulee Power Development

The grand coulee power development is a part of the Columbia Basin Project which is primarily an irrigation enterprise. The Grand Coulee dam raises the water level in the Columbia River over 300 feet, but a tremendous amount of power is required to raise water an additional 300 feet for irrigation purposes. This power requirement can be met largely by off-peak power developed at the Grand Coulee power plant consisting of two powerhouses which will have an ultimate installation of almost 2,000,000-kva generating capacity.
Comparing genetic robustness in generational vs. steady state evolutionary algorithms

Previous research has shown that evolutionary systems not only try to develop solutions that satisfy a fitness requirement, but indirectly attempt to develop genetically robust solutions as well -solutions where average loss of fitness due to crossover and other genetic variation operators is minimized. It has been shown that in a simple "two peaks" problem, where the fitness landscape consists of a broad, low peak, and a narrow, high peak, individuals initially converge on the lower (less fit), but broader peak, and that increasing an individual's genetic robustness through growth is a necessary prerequisite for convergence on the higher, narrower peak 18. If growth is restricted, the population remains converged on the less fit solution. We tested whether this result holds true only for generational algorithms, or whether it applies to steady state algorithms as well. We conclude that although growth occurs with both algorithms, the steady state algorithm is able to converge on the higher peak without this growth. This result shows that the role of genetic robustness in the evolutionary process is significantly different in generational versus steady state algorithms.
Photoreversible hydrogen migration system in a solid argon matrix formed by the reaction of methyl fluoride with laser-ablated titanium atoms

The photoreversible system of titanium methylidene and methyltitanium fluoride complexes has been formed by the reaction of methyl fluoride and laser-ablated Ti atoms and isolated in a solid argon matrix. There are two major groups of absorptions based on broad-band irradiation and annealing behavior. The increase of group I is accompanied by the decrease of group II on photolysis with UV light (240 nm 530 nm). The methylidene CH2TiHF and methyltitanium fluoride CH3−TiF are responsible for these absorptions, and the photochemical interconversion occurs via α-H migration between carbon and titanium atoms. The methylidene complex appears to be stabilized by an agostic hydrogen interaction. Absorptions for the higher coordinated (CH3)2TiF2 complex are observed to increase on UV irradiation and on annealing where CH3TiF spontaneously adds CH3F.
Design of and Experiments on a Dragonfly-Inspired Robot

This paper describes the design of dragonfly-inspired robots. Dragonflies demonstrate unique and superior flight performance compared with most other insect species. They are equipped with two pairs of independently controlled wings. The high level of dexterity in wing motion of the dragonfly allows it to hover, fly fast forward, make turns rapidly, fly sideways and even glide. A dragonfly-inspired robot that could effectively mimic those kinematics would potentially exhibit superior flight performance compared with existing designs of insect robots. In this paper, we introduce two generations of robotic dragonfly prototypes developed to implement simplified dragonfly kinematics. Preliminary experiments on kinematics and aerodynamic force measurements of the prototypes are also presented.
Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy by speckle tracking echocardiography using different software approaches.

Background Although several echocardiographic approaches exist to quantify mechanical dyssynchrony, the comparative ability of different manufacturers' speckle-tracking software programs to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is unknown. Methods Eighty-four patients with heart failure referred for CRT were studied (mean age, 64 ± 12 years; mean ejection fraction [EF], 26 ± 7%; mean QRS duration, 157 ± 26 ms). Dyssynchrony was assessed using the same midventricular short-axis digital cine loop for each patient with 3 different offline speckle-tracking strain analysis programs: software A, speckle-tracking two-dimensional strain; software B, velocity vector imaging strain; and software C, speckle-tracking strain. Significant dyssynchrony was defined as an anterior septum–to–posterior wall delay ≥130 ms. Follow-up was available for 57 patients (mean, 7 ± 4 months). Response to CRT was defined as an EF increase ≥15%. Results Variability between software results was observed when patients had large degrees of dyssynchrony (≥200 ms), with limits of agreement from 123 to 214 ms. However, close agreement for identifying patients with significant dyssynchrony was observed: 91% for software A versus B, 96% for software A versus C, and 93% for software B versus C. Importantly, the 3 software approaches' ability to predict EF outcome had similar sensitivities, specificities, and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves: 0.87, 0.86, and 0.86, respectively. Conclusions Radial strain dyssynchrony analyses by 3 different speckle-tracking software programs were similarly able to predict EF response to CRT. Although variability in absolute values of dyssynchrony was observed, there was close agreement for determining the presence or absence of significant dyssynchrony. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has potential as a means to quantify dyssynchrony in a multicenter clinical trial or clinical practice.
The fate of desmosomes in trypsinized tissue

Embryonic animal epithelial tissue in which desmosomes are well developed has been dispersed by trypsinization and the behavior of desmosomal halves observed. An earlier report left open the question of whether desmosomes were broken down or reincorporated into the reorganized tissue. A more detailed study shows that dispersed cells, or cells which are partially separated, phagocytize half desmosomes left at the cell surface. The resulting vacuoles are angular during early stages of the process indicating that desmosomes are relatively rigid. They later become spherical and characteristic desmosomal morphology disappears. These results are discussed in connection with morphology in genetic disturbances and in development.
"Let's See": Contrasting Conversations About Teaching

Two common aims of supervision and observation are to evaluate and to help. Supervisors and observers with these aims provide products to those they visit: "helpful" prescriptions for improvement or a rating of the observed performances. The aims of supervision and observation presented in this article are to explore, to see teaching differently, not to evaluate or help; the emphasis is on a process-visited and visiting teachers sharing ways of looking to discover self. This process includes taping and transcribing excerpts from classes, grouping parts of the excerpts, arriving at a common language to discuss them, and making multiple interpretations about them, based not only on preconceived notions but also on a range of contrasting beliefs and goals. In short, this article tries to provide ways of looking so each of us can see our own teaching differently through observing others, reminding us all that we "are capable of acting on the world, and that these actions can transform the world" (Mehan, 1979, p. 207).
Effects of irrigation on global climate during the 20th century

Various studies have documented the effects of modern ]day irrigation on regional and global climate, but none, to date, have considered the time ]varying impact of steadily increasing irrigation rates on climate during the 20th century. We investigate the impacts of observed irrigation changes over this century with two ensemble simulations using an atmosphere general circulation model. Both ensembles are forced with transient climate forcings and observed sea surface temperatures from 1902 to 2000; one ensemble includes irrigation specified by a time ]varying data set of irrigation water withdrawals. Early in the century, irrigation is primarily localized over southern and eastern Asia, leading to significant cooling in boreal summer (June.August) over these regions. This cooling spreads and intensifies by century fs end, following the rapid expansion of irrigation over North America, Europe, and Asia. Irrigation also leads to boreal winter (December.February) warming over parts of North America and Asia in the latter part of the century, due to enhanced downward longwave fluxes from increased near ]surface humidity. Precipitation increases occur primarily downwind of the major irrigation areas, although precipitation in parts of India decreases due to a weaker summer monsoon. Irrigation begins to significantly reduce temperatures and temperature trends during boreal summer over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and tropics beginning around 1950; significant increases in precipitation occur in these same latitude bands. These trends reveal the varying importance of irrigation ]climate interactions and suggest that future climate studies should account for irrigation, especially in regions with unsustainable irrigation resources.
Effects of Five Diets on Sensitivity of Rainbow Trout to Eleven Chemicals

Abstract This study evaluated the acute toxicity of 11 chemicals to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fry (average weight 1 g) that had been reared for about 8 weeks on one of five diets: (1) Silver Cup, (2) a purified diet (H440, National Research Council), (3) SD-9 starter diet of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (4) ground beef liver, and (5) brine shrimp (Artemia). Chemicals tested against the fish were antimycin, carbaryl, chlorine, copper sulfate, sodium cyanide, formalin, malathion, Noxfish, permethrin, salicylanilide 1, and the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl 4-nitrophenol (TFM). Responses of the fish to the chemicals were consistent in all five groups. No group demonstrated superior resistance to these chemicals. Diet appears to have little influence on the sensitivity of young rainbow trout to chemicals in acute toxicity tests.
Elevated hypothalamic orexin signaling, sensitivity to orexin A, and spontaneous physical activity in obesity-resistant rats.

Selectively-bred obesity-resistant [diet resistant (DR)] rats weigh less than obesity-prone [diet-induced obese (DIO)] rats, despite comparable daily caloric intake, suggesting phenotypic energy ex...
Identification of the self-incompatibility locus F-box protein-containing complex in Petunia inflata

The polymorphic S-locus regulating self-incompatibility (SI) in Petunia contains the S-RNase gene and a number of S-locus F-box (SLF) genes. While penetrating the style through the stigma, a pollen tube takes up all S-RNases, but only self S-RNase inhibits pollen tube growth. Recent evidence suggests that SLFs produced by pollen collectively interact with and detoxify non-self S-RNases, but none can interact with self S-RNase. An SLF may be the F-box protein component of an SCF complex (containing Cullin1, Skp1 and Rbx1), which mediates ubiquitination of protein substrates for degradation by the 26S proteasome. However, the precise nature of the complex is unknown. We used pollen extracts of a transgenic plant over-expressing GFP-fused S2-SLF1 (SLF1 of S2-haplotype) for co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) followed by mass spectrometry (MS). We identified PiCUL1-P (a pollen-specific Cullin1), PiSSK1 (a pollen-specific Skp1-like protein) and PiRBX1 (an Rbx1). To validate the results, we raised transgenic plants over-expressing PiSSK1:FLAG:GFP and used pollen extracts for Co-IP–MS. The results confirmed the presence of PiCUL1-P and PiRBX1 in the complex and identified two different SLFs as the F-box protein component. Thus, all but Rbx1 of the complex may have evolved in SI, and all SLFs may be the F-box component of similar complexes.
A singular quasilinear diffusion equation in $L^{1}$

On considere le probleme aux valeurs limites et initiales u t −Δv+w=f, v∈α(u), w∈β(u) dans Ω; v=0 sur ∂G×(0,T); u=u 0 sur G×{0}, ou G est un domaine borne de R n , Ω=G×(0,T), α et β sont des graphes monotones maximaux dans R×R, chacun contenant l'origine
Comparative analysis of diacylglyceryl-trimethylhomoserine in Ochromonas danica and in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+

Abstract The fatty acid compositions of the ether lipid 1(3),2-diacylglyceryl-(3)- O -4′-( N,N,N -trimethyl)homoserine (DGTS) from Ochromonas danica a
Low cost electronic load for out-door testing of photovoltaic panels

Characterization of photovoltaic panel is important to predict its long-term performance. In this study a test facility has been designed and built to trace the IV curve of four photovoltaic panels. The system contains four subsystems, Four PV panels containing temperature and radiation sensors (external elements), IV tracer with panel switcher, data acquisition system, and computer command and treatment. As results of the tests, the IV and PV curves were obtained at different irradiation and temperature, with and without partial shading. All obtained data are stored in MySQL database for ease exploitation and treatment. The designed system is reliable for long-term outdoor performance testing.
Tunable Biopolymers for Heavy Metal Removal

Tunable biopolymers were synthesized for the removal of heavy metals from dilute waste streams. Protein−protein interaction was tailored specifically into tunable, metal-binding biopolymers using elastin-like polypeptides composed of either one or two hexahistidine clusters. These tunable biopolymers retained the functionality of the elastin domain, undergoing a reversible phase transition above the transition temperature. Aggregation could be tuned within a wide range of temperatures by controlling the chain length of the biopolymers. The presence of the histidine clusters enabled Cd2+ to bind strongly to the biopolymers. Recovery of biopolymer−Cd2+ complexes was easily achieved by triggering aggregation either by raising temperature or by salt addition. Regenerated biopolymers could be reloaded with Cd2+ and reused for repeated cycles with similar efficiency. This system is very flexible as both domains can be engineered to respond to various phase transition conditions and to provide various levels of ...
Heretic Queen: Queen Elizabeth I and the Wars of Religion. By Susan Ronald. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 2012. Pp. xv, 334. $27.99.)

This book purports to offer a new perspective on Elizabeth I of England by situating the Queen within the wars of religion that tore apart much of Western Europe during the second half of the sixte...
Female reproductive cycles of wild female felids

Many felid species are endangered because of destructive human activities. As a result, zoos are being tasked with sustaining genetically healthy populations in case of catastrophic extinctions. Unfortunately, with the exception of a few species, most felids do not reproduce well in captivity. The ability to track reproductive activity via hormones is key to developing successful ex situ breeding programs. Through the development of noninvasive fecal hormone monitoring techniques, a high degree of variability in estrous cycle characteristics has been found to exist across the taxon, including the type of ovulation. For example, although all felids have induced ovulations, the occurrence of spontaneous ovulations varies across species, and even between individuals within a species. Clouded leopards, fishing cats and margays frequently have spontaneous ovulations, whereas these are rarely observed in the cheetah, tigrina and ocelot. There are marked species differences in the impact of season on reproductive function, with some being exquisitely sensitive to photoperiod (e.g., Pallas’ cat), some moderately affected (tiger, clouded leopard, snow leopard), and others that are not influenced at all (e.g., ocelot, tigrina, margay, lion, leopard, fishing cat). One of the greatest challenges remaining is overcoming the problems associated with highly variable ovarian responses to ovulation induction therapies used with assisted reproductive procedures, like artificial insemination (AI). Success is relatively high in the cheetah and ocelot, but few pregnancies have resulted after AI in clouded leopard, fishing cat and tiger. Current knowledge of the reproductive physiology of nondomestic felids, including aspects of the anatomy, behavior and ovarian cycles will be presented, and how the rapidly growing endocrine database is aiding ex situ management efforts.
The Costs and Benefits of Self-monitoring for Higher Functioning Children and Adolescents with Autism

The ability to regulate behaviors and emotions depends in part on the ability to flexibly monitor one’s own progress toward a goal. Atypical patterns of response monitoring have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the current study we examined the error related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological index of response monitoring, in relation to behavioral, social cognitive, and emotional presentation in higher functioning children (8–16 years) diagnosed with autism (HFA: N = 38) and an age- and IQ-matched sample of children without autism (COM: N = 36). Both HFA and COM participants displayed larger amplitude responses to error compared to correct response trials and these amplitudes did not differ by diagnostic group. For participants with HFA, larger ERN amplitudes were associated with more parent-reported autistic symptoms and more self-reported internalizing problems. However, across the full sample, larger ERN amplitudes were associated with better performance on theory of mind tasks. The results are discussed in terms of the utility of electrophysiological measures for understanding essential moderating processes that contribute to the spectrum of behavioral expression in the development of ASD.
Implicit attitudes and explicit motivation prospectively predict physical activity

Contemporary approaches to physical activity motivation and promotion focus on explicit motivational processes which regulate intentional physical activity. Less is known about the role of implicit processes, which may be instrumental in regulating habitual aspects of unintentional (i.e., incidental) physical activity (PA). To test the proposition that the routine nature of unintentional PA makes it amenable to control by implicit processes. Participants (N = 201) completed measures of explicit motivation (i.e., efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, behavioral intentions, perceived behavioral control) and implicit attitudes toward physical activity, and then wore a pedometer for 1 week. Implicit attitudes positively predicted PA after controlling for well-established predictors of intentional physical activity. PA motivation involves both explicit and implicit processes, and PA promotion efforts may be enhanced by attending to relevant implicit motivation processes.
Multiple beam feed networks using an even number of beam ports

An aperture illumination compatible with the use of an even number of adjacent beam ports in a multiple beam feed network is discussed. The antenna pattern characteristics of near-in sidelobe levels, half-power beamwidth, aperture efficiency, and feed network loss are evaluated. Maximization of the available antenna gain at adjacent beam crossover points is shown to be possible for either sequential or simultaneons operation of a receiving system. The results presented indicate that lossy feed networks are quite suitable for certain array antenna applications.
Augmenting the Activity of Monoterpenoid Phenols against Fungal Pathogens Using 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde that Target Cell Wall Integrity

Disruption of cell wall integrity system should be an effective strategy for control of fungal pathogens. To augment the cell wall disruption efficacy of monoterpenoid phenols (carvacrol, thymol), antimycotic potency of benzaldehyde derivatives that can serve as chemosensitizing agents were evaluated against strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type (WT), slt2Δ and bck1Δ (mutants of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK kinase kinase, respectively, in the cell wall integrity pathway). Among fourteen compounds investigated, slt2Δ and bck1Δ showed higher susceptibility to nine benzaldehydes, compared to WT. Differential antimycotic activity of screened compounds indicated "structure-activity relationship" for targeting the cell wall integrity, where 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2H4M) exhibited the highest antimycotic potency. The efficacy of 2H4M as an effective chemosensitizer to monoterpenoid phenols (viz., 2H4M + carvacrol or thymol) was assessed in yeasts or filamentous fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium) according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing or Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A protocols, respectively. Synergistic chemosensitization greatly lowers minimum inhibitory or fungicidal concentrations of the co-administered compounds. 2H4M also overcame the tolerance of two MAPK mutants (sakAΔ, mpkCΔ) of Aspergillus fumigatus to fludioxonil (phenylpyrrole fungicide). Collectively, 2H4M possesses chemosensitizing capability to magnify the efficacy of monoterpenoid phenols, which improves target-based (viz., cell wall disruption) antifungal intervention.
Source and Nonsource Cues in Advertising and Their Effects on the Activation of Cultural and Subcultural Knowledge on the Route to Persuasion

This article examines how ads with different combinations of source and nonsource cues activate culture-bound cognitions among members of a dominant culture and members of a subculture within that dominant culture. As participants in both the dominant culture and their own subculture, members of subcultures are posited to possess knowledge of both groups. As such, their reactions to mainstream advertising are expected to be similar to those of members of the dominant culture. However, because members of the dominant culture are not as familiar with the subculture, their reactions to cues contained in subculture-targeted ads will differ from those of members of the subculture. Results of an experiment show that dominant culture source cues activate highly internalized dominant cultural models for all participants, leading to self-referencing and favorable ad attitudes. However, subculture source and nonsource cues interact to activate subcultural knowledge, induce self-referencing, and enhance ad attitudes only among members of the subculture.
Studies in Asthma

Abstract 1.Asthma, hay fever, eczema, urticaria, migraine and probably other symptom-complexes are merely manifestations of fundamental allergy. They depend upon a specific hypersensitiveness to one or other foreign substances and the symptoms are produced by the effects on smooth muscles, capillaries, or both. 2.The characteristics of allergic individuals include: a.A characteristic symptom-complex b.The presence of other allergic manifestations in the same patient c.A positive family history of allergy d.The presence of positive skin tests e.Eosinophilia. 3.The physical characteristics of allergic individuals are not abnormal when averaged for the whole group, but variations in both weight and blood pressure are wider than in the normal group. 4.The relation of allergy to other diseases indicates, in the group, that allergic individuals are more susceptible to acute respiratory infections and to tuberculosis than the normal. The relation to cancer is about the same in allergy as in normal individuals. However, the numbers are so small that final conclusions on these points cannot be drawn.
Mechanisms of Disease: Epigenesis

Genome-wide epigenetic modification plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression through chromatin structure and stability, tissue-specific and embryonic developmental specific gene regulation, and genomic imprinting. Mechanisms include chromatin remodeling through histone modification and DNA methylation, RNA associated gene silencing and chromosome inactivation, and genomic imprinting. These epigenetic mechanisms provide an added layer of transcriptional control of gene expression beyond those associated with variation in the sequence of the DNA. Variation in epigenetic regulation helps explain genetic diversity, but significant changes in epigenetic regulation can produce diseases. Advances in understanding epigenetic mechanisms have been accompanied by new therapeutic options and targets for treatment. This review focuses on a basic understanding of epigenetics and some of the diseases associated with epigenetic alterations.
Probabilistic Graphical Models of Fundamental Diagram Parameters for Simulations of Freeway Traffic

Freeway traffic simulations must account for the probabilistic nature of model parameters to capture observed variations in traffic behavior. Fundamental diagrams specify freeway section parameters describing the flow-density relationship in macroscopic simulation models. A triangular fundamental diagram—specified with the free-flow speed, congestion wave speed, and capacity—is commonly adopted in first-order cell transmission models. Capacity (defined as the maximum flow observed in a given freeway section over a particular day) exhibits significant day-to-day variation, and capacity variations across different sections of the freeway are significantly correlated. Free-flow speeds do not exhibit significant variation, but congestion wave speeds exhibit variation uncorrelated with section capacities or parameters from other sections. A probabilistic graphical approach is presented to model the probabilistic distribution of fundamental diagram parameters of an entire freeway section chosen for simulation. ...
Continuous infusion of a standard combination solution in the management of hyperkalemia

Background. Hyperkalemia, due to its effect on cardiac conductivity, is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte abnormality. Multiple therapeutic agents may be used alone or in combination for its prompt management. Methods. We report on the safety and efficacy of continuous infusion of a solution containing fixed concentrations of calcium gluconate, insulin, dextrose and sodium acetate (HyperK-Cocktail) for the treatment of hyperkalemia. This solution is prepared at our institution and is infused parenterally until the plasma potassium level stabilizes. Twentyone consecutive hyperkalemic patients managed with HyperK-Cocktail on 23 occasions are reported. Results. None of the subjects had intravenous extravasation injuries, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia or alkalosis during HyperK-Cocktail infusion. Transient hyperglycemia developed in nine subjects and hypoglycemia in one subject. The decrease in serum potassium was similar in the initial hour when compared to prior studies using a beta-agonist and/or insulin and glucose; a larger decrease was present from 2 to 8 h with the HyperKCocktail. The plasma potassium decreased by a mean of 1.0, 1.7, 2.1 and 2.1 mmol/L at 1, 2, 4 and 8 h, respectively. The mean serum potassium at hours 1–8 was significantly lower than the initial level. Conclusion. The results of our study demonstrated that HyperK-Cocktail is a safe and effective combination therapy for children with hyperkalemia.
Heat-induced growth retardation and attempts at its prevention in barley and wheat coleoptiles

Intact barley coleoptiles subjected to high temperature stress of 46°C for up to 4 h showed a significant decrease in their growth rate, and in the final length attained by the coleoptiles before exsertion of the true leaves within. These effects of high temperature were progressively more pronounced with increase in duration of stress. Excised wheat coleoptile sections also experienced a similar growth retardation due to heat stress. This heat-induced growth retardation could not be prevented by exogenous applications of 0·5–100 ppm indole-3-acetic acid or 0·5–5 ppm gibberellic acid; nor by dilute aqueous solutions of calcium chloride, cobalt nitrate or zinc sulphate. The agronomic significance of heat-induced coleoptile stunting is briefly discussed.
The Evaluation of Race Theory: A Perspective.

Let the institutional order be so interpreted as to hide, as much as possible, its constructed character. Let that which has been stamped out of the ground ex nihilo appear as the manifestation of something that has been existent from the beginning of time, or at least from the beginning of this group. Let the people forget that this order was established by men and continues to be dependent upon the consent of men. Let them believe that, in acting out the institutional programs that have been imposed upon them, they are but realizing the deepest aspirations of their own being and putting themselves in harmony with the fundamental order of the universe.
A Eudaimonist Approach to the Problem of Significance

Some beliefs seem more significant than others. This paper suggests an approach to explaining this apparent fact. As there are multiple senses in which one belief may be more significant than another, multiple possible sources of such significance, and, moreover, no prima facie reason to expect a single, unified account under which all these senses and sources can be subsumed, I propose the modest approach of articulating just one feature in virtue of which a belief may fairly be called significant: that of bearing a certain relation to human flourishing, a relation that more trivial truths do not bear. From such modest projects can a complete solution to the problem (or, more accurately, problems) of significance emerge.
Arylation reactions of trichlorophosphazo-substituted trimeric phosphonitrilic chloride

Abstract Reactions of the trichlorophosphazo derivatives of trimeric phosphonitrilic chloride with aryl Grignard reagents readily yield triarylphosphazo compounds but effect substitution of a ring-bonded chlorine atom only with the compound N3P3Cl5(NPCl3). The resulting compounds and the related compound N3P3Cl4(NH2)[NP(C6H5)3] have been evaluated by infrared and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reaction pattern and nuclear magnetic resonance data for the species N3P3Cl4Z(NPAr3), ZCl, NH2, C6H5, and NP(C6H5)3 indicate 1,1, or geminal, positioning of the NPAr3 and Z groups on the N3P3 ring and support earlier conclusions that the compound N3P3Cl4(NH2)2 has a geminal molecular structure. Chemical shift data are systematized in terms of types of phosphorus-atom environments. A mass-spectrographic fragmentation pattern for the compound N3P3Cl4[NP(C6H5)3]2 indicates clearly the stability of the N3P3 heterocyclic arrangement.
Techniques for Reducing the Overhead of Run-Time Parallelization

Current parallelizing compilers cannot identify a significant fraction of parallelizable loops because they have complex or statically insufficiently defined access patterns. As parallelizable loops arise frequently in practice, we have introduced a novel framework for their identification: speculative parallelization. While we have previously shown that this method is inherently scalable its practical success depends on the fraction of ideal speedup that can be obtained on modest to moderately large parallel machines. Maximum parallelism can be obtained only through a minimization of the run-time overhead of the method, which in turn depends on its level of integration within a classic restructuring compiler and on its adaptation to characteristics of the parallelized application. We present several compiler and run-time techniques designed specifically for optimizing the run-time parallelization of sparse applications. We show how we minimize the run-time overhead associated with the speculative parallelization of sparse applications by using static control flow information to reduce the number of memory references that have to be collected at run-time. We then present heuristics to speculate on the type and data structures used by the program and thus reduce the memory requirements needed for tracing the sparse access patterns. We present an implementation in the Polaris infrastructure and experimental results.
An Emotional Intelligence/Aesthetic Education Program Using The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank

Literature that explores children's lives can be a valuable tool in teacher education programs, as an effective means for helping preservice teachers understand young children's development of emotional intelligence. It is critically important that preservice teachers enhance their understanding of themselves as well as others if they are to successfully facilitate social emotional learning (SEL) among their students. SEL is an important component for success in school, social adaptation at home, and the public good of society. This article discusses the quality indicators of a SEL program as part of a teacher education curriculum and its implementation within a school setting. It implies the importance of school and community collaborations in attaining an emotionally intelligent school culture.
Inversion of a distributed system for open-loop trajectory following

A method for the dynamic inversion of a class of SISO nonlinear, boundary-controlled distributed systems is developed. Based on recent results in the manipulation of flexible robots, the new technique is shown to have very good convergence properties. Implementation of the algorithm is discussed, and experimental results are given from a full-scale ocean towing experiment with a long cable.
Sperm Wars: The Science of Sex. By Robin Baker

(1998). Sperm Wars: The Science of Sex. By Robin Baker. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 163-164.
Conflict of Laws: DOMA, State Law, and the Bankruptcy Code

Both the federal and state DOMAs can affect everything in bankruptcy from the creation of the estate to the distribution priority scheme to the availability of exemptions to the discharge of certain debts. This article is intended to alert practitioners to the complexities wrought by the intersection of the Bankruptcy Code, DOMA and the various state laws involving relationship recognition and prohibition, with special emphasis on DOMA's so-called choice of law provision. Unfortunately, at this point there are more questions than answers.