cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The absence of ribonuclease H1 or H2 alters the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hydroxyurea, caffeine and ethyl methanesulphonate: implications for roles of RNases H in DNA replication and repair.

Background RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids can be degraded by ribonucleases H present in all organisms including the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Determination of the number and roles of the RNases H in eukaryotes is quite feasible in S. cerevisiae. Results Two S. cerevisiae RNases H, related to Escherichia coli RNase HI and HII, are not required for growth under normal conditions, yet, compared with wild-type cells, a double-deletion strain has an increased sensitivity to hydroxyurea (HU) and is hypersensitive to caffeine and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). In the absence of RNase H1, RNase H2 activity increases, and cells are sensitive to EMS but not HU and are more tolerant of caffeine; the latter requires RNase H2 activity. Cells missing only RNase H2 exhibit increased sensitive to HU and EMS but not caffeine Conclusions Mutant phenotypes infer that some RNA-DNA hybrids are recognized by both RNases H1 and H2, while other hybrids appear to be recognized only by RNase H2. Undegraded RNA-DNA hybrids have an effect when DNA synthesis is impaired, DNA damage occurs or the cell cycle is perturbed by exposure to caffeine suggesting a role in DNA replication/repair that can be either beneficial or detrimental to cell viability.
Issues in Self-Repairing Robotic Self-Assembly

Robot swarms provide interesting and potentially very useful examples of self-organizing systems. This chapter focuses on a specific approach, dubbed “active self-assembly”, for constructing arbitrary shapes with swarms of identical and identically programmed robots. Important, open issues are identified in the specific context of active self-assembly, but they are of more general applicability. Much of the discussion is centered on the fundamental problems of how to control a swarm to ensure that the structures it builds are self-repairing, and of how to assess the performance of self-assembling swarms.
Droplet Freezing and Solidification

Freezing and solidification processes are discussed and modeled for liquid droplets which undergo first-order phase transitions. First, a four-stage model is presented which accounts for supercooling, nucleation, recalescence, and crystallization. Subsequently, a more detailed discussion of a three-stage solidification model for droplets that do not exhibit supercooling is given. Aspects of the three-stage model validation are presented for a single cocoa butter drop and for a cocoa butter spray.
Fostering Longitudinal Involvement in State Chapter Resident and Fellow Sections: The Maryland Experience.

INTRODUCTION As residents and fellows, we are training at a time of tremendous political and economic upheaval, when radiologists are increasingly required to demonstrate our value to health care systems and society as a whole. As these changes develop, it will become increasingly important to foster clinical and nonclinical habits that allow us to provide valuewithin thehealth care system. One of the best venues by which residents and fellows can actively engage in these issues is through state chapter resident and fellow sections (RFSs). Prior reports have described the importance of participation of trainees in established RFSs,but therehavebeen limitedreports on fostering longitudinal involvement in RFSs [1]. This article provides practical suggestions on engaging residents and fellows, on the basis of the experience of the recently founded Maryland RFS, which was established in 2013.
Emotional Tweets

Detecting emotions in microblogs and social media posts has applications for industry, health, and security. However, there exists no microblog corpus with instances labeled for emotions for developing supervised systems. In this paper, we describe how we created such a corpus from Twitter posts using emotion-word hashtags. We conduct experiments to show that the self-labeled hashtag annotations are consistent and match with the annotations of trained judges. We also show how the Twitter emotion corpus can be used to improve emotion classification accuracy in a different domain. Finally, we extract a word-emotion association lexicon from this Twitter corpus, and show that it leads to significantly better results than the manually crafted WordNet Affect lexicon in an emotion classification task.
Toward a rhetorical theory of deixis

ABSTRACTThis article advances a rhetorical theory of deixis, a theoretical and methodological orientation that infuses the linguistic concept of deixis with rhetorical understandings of ethos, place, and time. Deixis reveals the rhetorical dynamics within the fabric of spoken discourse, dynamics that often refer to what is outside the text to make sense of what is within it. Ultimately, I argue that identifying the deictic indicators within a speech text enables the critic to pinpoint where, how, and why a speaker activates the physical elements of the speech situation as a material means of persuasion. After outlining the theoretical tenets of this approach, I analyze Harry S. Truman's Address to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People on June 29, 1947, to show how a rhetorical theory of deixis orients the critic to the bodies, places, and temporalities implied in and displayed through speech.
Metal–Ligand Synergistic Effects in the Complex Ni(η2-TEMPO)2: Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity

In the current investigation, reactions of the “bow-tie” Ni(η2-TEMPO)2 complex with an assortment of donor ligands have been characterized experimentally and computationally. While the Ni(η2-TEMPO)2 complex has trans-disposed TEMPO ligands, proton transfer from the C–H bond of alkyne substrates (phenylacetylene, acetylene, trimethylsilyl acetylene, and 1,4-diethynylbenzene) produce cis-disposed ligands of the form Ni(η2-TEMPO)(κ1-TEMPOH)(κ1-R). In the case of 1,4-diethynylbenzene, a two-stage reaction occurs. The initial product Ni(η2-TEMPO)(κ1-TEMPOH)[κ1-CC(C6H4)CCH] is formed first but can react further with another equivalent of Ni(η2-TEMPO)2 to form the bridged complex Ni(η2-TEMPO)(κ1-TEMPOH)[κ1-κ1-CC(C6H4)CC]Ni(η2-TEMPO)(κ1-TEMPOH). The corresponding reaction with acetylene, which could conceivably also yield a bridging complex, does not occur. Via density functional theory (DFT), addition mechanisms are proposed in order to rationalize thermodynamic and kinetic selectivity. Computations have also be...
Experimental methods for impact of composite materials

A large number of studies have investigated the energy absorbing characteristics in the impact of composite plates and identified important damage modes. Different damage modes are dominant at different stages of the damage process as shown by Liu. Additionally, Rosario showed that the tensile straining of the fibers in the rear layer of the plate plays a significant role in the energy absorption properties of a composite structure. A study is under way in which determination of the energy absorption of individual damage modes is pursued. This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between impact force and indentation as well as the use of Shadow Moire in the measurement of the rear surface displacement. The indentation law for static loading is well established for static testing. It is known that a power law relationship works well in this case. n k F α = (1) In this equation, F is the force, α is the indentation, and k is a fitting constant. Lee and Liu showed in their experiments that there is a strain rate effect in the force-indentation relationship, thus proving that the static indentation law cannot be used for dynamic analysis. The validity of the power law relationship for dynamic study has not been investigated, however. A Dynatup drop weight impact testing machine was used to dynamically indent a rigidly supported composite panel. The results from dynamic indentation were plotted along with the static restuls from Lee and Liu. It was found that the power law relationship was still an appropriate model for indentation behavior even at impact loading rates. The relationship was significantly different between static and dynamic loading, but did not vary much as the loading rate was further increased. Correlation coefficients for these fitted lines ranged from 0.95790.9948.
Space, Place, and New Orleans on Television From Frank’s Place to Treme

This article compares the HBO series Treme to an earlier television series that was also set in the Treme neighborhood—Frank’s Place. I suggest that whereas for Frank’s Place, media scholars’ emphasis on the show’s representational practices of race and place was entirely appropriate, these questions are not sufficient to make sense of Treme. The latter enjoins media scholars to ask a different set of questions that examine both the show’s practices within the city as well as the city’s practices that implicate the show. Specifically, I suggest that the show requires an analysis of labor and hiring practices, tourism, and corporate social responsibility in the city. In so doing, I propose considering Treme not in terms of its representational practices, but rather, as a set of spatial practices bound up with the material production of city space as well as its citizen-subjects.
THE ECONOMIC PAMPHLETEER: Running Out of Land for Food

First paragraph: The challenge of preserving enough farmland for food production will be a defining challenge for the 21st century. Lester Brown, icon of the Worldwatch Institute, identifies food scarcity as "the weak link" of modern society (Brown, 2012). He points to the growing global demand for food and fuel, eroding soils, declining aquifers, and global climate change as major challenges to the future of human civilization. All of these challenges could be met, but not without a fundamental transformation in current ways of thinking about both land and food. A market economy will neither provide food for the hungry of current generations nor preserve enough farmland to provide food for generations of the future. Any society that allows markets to determine how much and what kind of land is used for food is not sustainable. This could be the defining challenge of the 21st century....
Abstract A50: Phase Ib/II study of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy: Initial results of metastatic cancer patients

Background: A selective anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab (P), blocks the interaction between programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T-cells and PD-L1 and PD-L2 on tumor cells. We report safety and clinical activity of P combined with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic cancer (NCT02331251). Methods: Patients (pts) with confirmed metastatic solid tumors were treated with P 2 mg/kg on day 1 every 21 day cycle on 1 of 6 different arms: gemcitabine (G) on days 1 and 8, G on days 1 and 8 + docetaxel (D) on day 8, G + nab-paclitaxel (NP) on days 1 and 8, G + vinorelbine (V) on days 1 and 8, irinotecan (I) on day 1, or liposomal doxorubicin (LD) on day 1 until progression or toxicity. Eligibility included ≥1 measurable tumor lesion, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) of ≥70%, and adequate organ function. Tumors were assessed every 3 cycles using RECIST 1.1 and immune-related response criteria and best overall response (BOR) was evaluated. Results: 37 pts have been enrolled at the time of submission (Table I). Median age was 55 (range 33-74) and median KPS was 80%. 3 patients (2 sarcoma, 1 ER+ breast cancer) had history of gemcitabine exposure before dosing on the G+V arm, and 2 patients with NSCLC had prior exposure to nivolumab for ≥ 2 months. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was exceeded for arms 3, 4, and 5 (Table I), and arm 3 dosing was subsequently divided into chemo naive (arm 3a) and previously treated (arm 3b) PDAC pts. Any grade drug-related treatment adverse events (AEs) occurred in 95% of patients; the most common (>10% pts) were skin rash, fatigue, diarrhea, anorexia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and extremity edema. 1 infusion-related reaction was observed, related to LD. 24 patients are currently evaluable for BOR, 10 are still too early to evaluate. One PDAC pt is on G+NP for 8+ months with PR. Two SCLC pts continue on I for 7+ months with PR. 1 sarcoma pts continue on LD for 3+ and 6+ months with SD. Conclusions: In pts with metastatic cancer, P plus chemotherapy appears to be safe. P plus G phase 2 has begun enrolling TNBC pts. We anticipate confirmation of the recommended phase 2 dose for ∼3 of the 6 arms by the time of the conference. Citation Format: Glen J. Weiss, Marci Pierog, Lisa Blaydorn, Ashish Sangal, Jiaxin Niu, John H. Farley, Vivek Khemka. Phase Ib/II study of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy: Initial results of metastatic cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A50.
Dynamic Surface Tension of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions: IV Relationship to Foaming

For three series of surfactants: C12 H 25(OC2H4)xOH, with homogeneous head group, where x = 4 – 10; commercial oxyethylenated nonylphenols, with an average of 5–30 oxyethylene units; and sulfated oxyethylenated C12, C13 alcohol mixtures with 1–12 oxyethylene units, it is shown that there is a relationship between the initial foam height, measured by the Ross-Miles technique, and the parameter, n(γo-γm)/t, obtained from dynamic surface tension measurements. γo is the surface tension of the aqueous solvent, γm the surface tension at meso-equilibrium (where the tension shows little change with time), t * the time for the tension to read midway between γo and γm, and n is a constant, essentially independent of surfactant concentration, that increases with increasing tendency of the surfactant to adsorb at the surface.
Effect of Impurities on Subsurface CO 2 Storage Processes

This chapter evaluates the potential effect of highly reactive impurities (SO x , NO x ) on two important aspects of large-scale geological storage of CO 2 —well injectivity and enhanced oil recovery processes. The primary influence on well injectivity is expected to be geochemical alteration of the near-well formation. The simulations of a “worst-case” scenario indicate that the net change in mineral volume is likely to be small, even though extensive changes in the type of minerals may occur. Thus, the effect on injectivity is likely to be insignificant. The presence of impurities in their likely concentrations of less than 1 mole% may speed up the reactions, but otherwise should have little incremental effect on the injectivity. The effectiveness of enhanced recovery processes using CO 2 depends on factors such as minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), mobility ratio, and gravity number. Correlations for these factors developed over several decades of field experience in CO 2 flooding indicate that impurities at the levels typical of flue gases are unlikely to affect recovery adversely.
SCCT Research in the International Context: Empirical Evidence, Future Directions, and Practical Implications

Since its introduction in 1994, social cognitive career theory (SCCT) has attracted attention from researchers and practitioners in the United States and other countries. This article provides a re...
Repetitive non-reentrant ventriculo-atrial synchrony induced atrial fibrillation terminated with inappropriate shock

Abstract Repetitive nonreentrant ventriculo-atrial synchrony (RNRVAS) is an arrhythmia which occurs in patients with dual-chamber devices and requires an intact ventriculo-atrial conduction. It can present with symptoms similar to those of pacemaker-mediated endless loop tachycardia and is an example of functional atrial undersensing and functional loss of atrial capture. In addition to loss of optimal atrioventricular (AV) delay and inappropriate ventricular pacing, RNRVAS may trigger atrial arrhythmias and cause serious complications. We report a case of RNRVAS-induced atrial fibrillation (AF) terminated with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock in a 74-year old female with no prior history of AF.
The Stigma of Mental Illness

Abstract The stigma of mental illness can be explained in terms of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Stereotypes and prejudices often lead to discriminatory behaviors that limit access to rightful opportunities. Four types of stigma: self-stigma, public stigma, label avoidance, and structural stigma, contribute to lower self-esteem, treatment avoidance, and restricted access to adequate housing, employment, and medical care for people with mental illness. Evidence suggests that erasing the stigma of mental illness can be accomplished by adopting targeted, contact-based approaches to stigma change in conjunction with affirming attitudes and behaviors that promote opportunities for people with mental illness.
Aerosol characterization and pulmonary responses in rats after short-term inhalation of fumes generated during resistance spot welding of galvanized steel.

Resistance spot welding is a common process to join metals in the automotive industry. Adhesives are often used as sealers to seams of metals that are joined. Anti-spatter compounds sometimes are sprayed onto metals to be welded to improve the weldability. Spot welding produces complex aerosols composed of metal and volatile compounds (VOCs) which can cause lung disease in workers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12/treatment group) were exposed by inhalation to 25 mg/m3 of aerosol for 4 h/day × 8 days during spot welding of galvanized zinc (Zn)-coated steel in the presence or absence of a glue or anti-spatter spray. Controls were exposed to filtered air. Particle size distribution and chemical composition of the generated aerosol were determined. At 1 and 7 days after exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to assess lung toxicity. The generated particles mostly were in the submicron size range with a significant number of nanometer-sized particles formed. The primary metals present in the fumes were Fe (72.5%) and Zn (26.3%). The addition of the anti-spatter spray and glue did affect particle size distribution when spot welding galvanized steel, whereas they had no effect on metal composition. Multiple VOCs (e.g., methyl methacrylate, acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetone, benzene, xylene) were identified when spot welding using either the glue or the anti-spatter spray that were not present when welding alone. Markers of lung injury (BAL lactate dehydrogenase) and inflammation (total BAL cells/neutrophils and cytokines/chemokines) were significantly elevated compared to controls 1 day after exposure to the spot welding fumes. The elevated pulmonary response was transient as lung toxicity mostly returned to control values by 7 days. The VOCs or the concentrations that they were generated during the animal exposures had no measurable effect on the pulmonary responses. Inhalation of galvanized spot welding fumes caused acute lung toxicity most likely due to the short-term exposure of particles that contain Zn.
Use Case Development to Advance Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics in Manufacturing Operations

Abstract: Manufacturing operations suffer from degradation as equipment and processes are continually used to generate products. The development and integration of monitoring, diagnostic, and prognostic (collectively known as PHM) technologies can enhance maintenance and control strategies within manufacturing operations to improve asset availability, product quality, and overall productivity. As these technologies continue to evolve, it is critical for PHM technologies to be assessed to ensure the manufacturing community is aware of the true capabilities and potential of PHM technologies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a use case that is representative of common manufacturing operations to support the assessment of PHM technologies. This use case will produce test scenarios, reference data sets and protocols, and verification and validation tools. The use case is described including its three constituent research areas: Manufacturing Process and Equipment Monitoring Machine Tool Linear Axes Diagnostics and Prognostics, and Health and Control Management of Robot Systems.
Developing a Relevant Taxonomy to Assess Dental School Clinic Patient Complaints

The aims of this study were to categorize and analyze the most frequent patient complaints at the Rutgers School of Dental Medicine (RSDM) clinic in an effort to identify areas in need of improvement. A retrospective review of patient complaints reported to the RSDM Office for Clinical Affairs from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2015 was conducted. A total of 148 unduplicated patients were selected for evaluation because they made at least one official complaint. In total, 193 patient complaints were made during this period. A published complaint taxonomy was used to categorize RSDM patient complaints into domains, categories, and subcategories, highlighting frequent issues of complaint. Of the 193 complaints made, 256 issues were identified. The results showed that the most frequent domain of complaint was Management, followed by Clinical, then Relationships. Institutional Issues and Quality were the most recurring categories coded. Of the 26 subcategories, nearly 70% of the complaints were coded into one of four: Finance and Billing, Delays, Patient Journey, and Quality of Care. While the results were effective in identifying broad areas of improvement, there were limitations to using the traditional taxonomy in the dental school setting. Based on these data, the RSDM Patient Complaint Taxonomy, specific to the needs of a dental school environment, was created in an effort to gain increased specificity and further enhance quality improvement measures. It is the hope of the research team that this tool will be used across dental schools, opening the door for future collaborations and ultimately improving patient care.
Sequences with Uniformly Decaying Auto-Correlation Coefficients*

Abstract In this paper we present discrete-time signals which are readily implementable and have "random like" uniformly decaying auto-correlation property. Signals with special properties are required in a wide variety of applications ranging from spread-spectrum systems and adaptive equalization in communication systems to real-time and offline identification for the purpose of control design. Traditionally, pseudo random sequences have been widely used to simulate "random like" behavior in signals. However, such inputs are periodic and their auto-correlation coefficients do not uniformly decay with length. Consequently, pseudo-random sequences have serious limitations in highly uncertain environments including model estimation in real-time identification for complex systems and estimation of channel properties in communication systems in an uncertain environment. In this paper we presenta new input to overcome these problems. The new input is a higher order chirp and we show that it not only has uniformly decaying auto-correlation property but also that the auto-correlation decay rate is polynomial with length. These properties bear significant resemblance to random i.i.d. inputs in their first and second order properties.
Feasibility and efficacy of prolonged exposure for PTSD among individuals with a psychotic spectrum disorder

Objective: Few empirical studies have examined the feasibility of trauma-focused treatment among individuals with schizophrenia. This lack of research is important given the substantial overlap of trauma exposure and subsequent PTSD with psychotic spectrum disorders, and the potential for PTSD to complicate the course and prognosis of schizophrenia and other variants of severe mental illness. Method: As part of a larger study, 14 veterans with a psychotic spectrum disorder were enrolled to receive prolonged exposure (PE) for PTSD within a single arm open trial study design. Patient reactions and responses to PE were examined using feasibility indices such as attrition, survey reactions, and treatment expectancy; pre and post changes in PTSD severity and diagnostic status; and thematic interviews conducted post intervention. Results: Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that implementation of PE is feasible, subjectively well-tolerated, and may result in clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms in patients with psychotic spectrum disorders. Conclusions: Consistent with treatment outcome data in clinical populations with a broader range of severe mental illnesses, the current results support the use of PTSD exposure-based interventions, such as PE, for individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Correlates in College Football Players.

This study sought to determine the cardiovascular physiologic correlates of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in American-style football (ASF) participants using echocardiography, vascular applanation tonometry, and peripheral arterial tonometry. Forty collegiate ASF participants were analyzed at pre- and postseason time points with echocardiography and vascular applanation tonometry. WatchPAT (inclusive of peripheral arterial tonometry) used to assess for SDB was then performed at the postseason time point. Twenty-two of 40 (55%) ASF participants demonstrated SDB with an apnea-hypopnea index (pAHI) ≥5. ASF participants with SDB were larger (109 ± 20 vs 92 ± 14 kg, p = 0.004) and more likely linemen position players (83% vs 50%, p = 0.03). Compared with those without SDB, ASF participants with SDB demonstrated relative impairments in left ventricular diastolic and vascular function as reflected by lower lateral e' (14 ± 3 vs 17 ± 3 cm/s, p = 0.007) and septal e' (11 ± 2 vs 13 ± 2 cm/s, p = 0.009) tissue velocities and higher pulse wave velocity (5.4 ± 0.9 vs 4.8 ± 0.5 m/s, p = 0.02). In the total cohort, there were significant positive correlations between pAHI and pulse wave velocity (r = 0.42, p = 0.008) and inverse correlations between pAHI and the averaged e' tissue velocities (r = -0.42, p = 0.01). In conclusion, SDB is highly prevalent in youthful collegiate ASF participants and associated with relative impairments in cardiac and vascular function. Targeted efforts to identify youthful populations with SDB, including ASF participants, and implement SDB treatment algorithms, represent important future clinical directives.
Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Between 5000 and 10,000 hospitalized children receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) each year. The objective of this review is to convey current knowledge regarding pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Rates of survival after pediatric IHCA have improved substantially over the last two decades. This has been largely driven by early recognition and transfer of deteriorating patients to intensive care units prior to cardiac arrest and an enhanced understanding of the importance of delivering high-quality CPR and post-resuscitation care. Areas of active inquiry include CPR quality monitoring methods, physiology-guided CPR, assisted ventilation during CPR, extracorporeal CPR, post-cardiac arrest care, and therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatric IHCA impacts thousands of hospital children each year. Providers who care for critically ill children should understand cardiac arrest and CPR epidemiology and physiology, current CPR guidelines, and the roles of various resuscitation therapies.
Goldstein’s Classical Mechanics (1950)

This book is intended as an advanced text on classical mechanics for the student whose sole desire is to learn quantum mechanics. The author defends teaching mechanics to a physicist despite the fact that “it introduces no new physical concepts... nor does it aid him... in solving the practical mechanics problems he encounters in the laboratory.” He states that “classical mechanics remains an indispensable part of the physicist’s education” because it “serves as the springboard for the various branches of modern physics” and “affords the student an opportunity to master many of the mathematical techniques necessary for quantum mechanics....” After reading this preamble we are not surprised to learn that Goldstein finds “the traditional treatment... no longer adequate” and that at the same time the basic concepts of mechanics “will not be analyzed critically....” His treatment of what is ordinarily called mechanics is little else than formal manipulation; his frequent remarks concerning physics almost invariably fall outside the classical framework and deal with the behavior of small particles. He observes that in some special cases classical principles remain valid even today, and he quotes as illustrations the neutron pile and the V-2 rocket. There are frequent promises of better things to come when the student reaches quantum mechanics.
Paraventricular hypothalamic and amygdalar CRF neurons synapse in the external globus pallidus

Stress evokes directed movement to escape or hide from potential danger. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are highly activated by stress; however, it remains unclear how this activity participates in stress-evoked movement. The external globus pallidus (GPe) expresses high levels of the primary receptor for CRF, CRFR1, suggesting the GPe may serve as an entry point for stress-relevant information to reach basal ganglia circuits, which ultimately gate motor output. Indeed, projections from CRF neurons are present within the GPe, making direct contact with CRFR1-positive neurons. CRFR1 expression is heterogenous in the GPe; prototypic GPe neurons selectively express CRFR1, while arkypallidal neurons do not. Moreover, CRFR1-positive GPe neurons are excited by CRF via activation of CRFR1, while nearby CRFR1-negative neurons do not respond to CRF. Using monosynaptic rabies viral tracing techniques, we show that CRF neurons in the stress-activated paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) make synaptic connections with CRFR1-positive neurons in the GPe an unprecedented circuit connecting the limbic system with the basal ganglia. CRF neurons also make synapses on Npas1 neurons, although the majority of Npas1 neurons are arkypallidal and do not express CRFR1. Interestingly, prototypic and arkypallidal neurons receive different patterns of innervation from CRF-rich nuclei. Hypothalamic CRF neurons preferentially target prototypic neurons, while amygdalar CRF neurons preferentially target arkypallidal neurons, suggesting that these two inputs to the GPe may have different impacts on GPe output. Together, these data describe a novel neural circuit by which stress-relevant information carried by the limbic system signals in the GPe via CRF to influence motor output.
Comparisons of south Florida’s seawall and natural mangrove stands reveal similar structural attributes

Abstract Mangroves are an exceptional group of facultative halophytic trees within tropical and subtropical regions whose structural complexity is derived from the interplay of biotic and abiotic inputs, or energy signatures, which serve as a proxy for their ecosystem function. Mangroves were originally classified into six distinct community types existing in natural landscapes; absent of artificial structures or urban influence. Advancements in the use of mangroves as green infrastructure have resulted in a growing interest in understanding the ecological importance of mangrove stands associated with artificial structures. The question remains as to whether urban mangroves growing alongside hardened barriers (seawalls) differ from the community types originally described, and if so, to what extent does the urban landscape affect their structure and associated function. In order to answer this question, we compared seawall and natural mangrove stands with respect to their relative species contributions to stand complexity, tree diameter, height, leaf size, root density, diameter and tree height size classes, complexity index, and mean stand diameter. Results of this investigation revealed few differences between the structural characteristics of seawall and natural mangrove stands in south Florida and the Neotropical region. These findings bolster the importance of urbanized mangroves, their ecological function, and support the need to incorporate mangroves as part of the urban landscape.
Virtual Track-Based Group Mobility

The virtual track-based group mobility model that deals with heterogeneous mobility behavior with group and individual motion is described. The concept of switch stations and virtual tracks of VTGM model that are used to restrain the group mobility is explained along with simulation results.
Evaluation of Articular Surface Similarity of Hemi-Hamate Grafts and Proximal Middle Phalanx Morphology: A 3D Geometric Morphometric Approach.

Purpose Hemi-hamate arthroplasty has been described as a viable treatment option for unstable proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations . The procedure uses a dorsal distal hamate osteochondral graft to recreate the injured volar middle phalanx (MP) proximal base. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the similarity in shape of these articular surfaces using quantitative 3-dimensional methods. Methods Three-dimensional virtual renderings were created from laser scans of the articular surfaces of the dorsal distal hamate and the volar MP bases of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers from cadaveric hands of 25 individuals. Three-dimensional landmarks were obtained from the articular surfaces of each bone and subjected to established geometric morphometric analytical approaches to quantify shape. For each individual, bone shapes were evaluated for covariation using 2-block partial least-squares and principal component analyses. Results No statistically significant covariation was found between the dorsal distal hamate and volar MP bases of the middle, ring, or little digits. Whereas the volar MP bases demonstrated relative morphologic uniformity among the 4 digits both within and between individuals, the dorsal distal hamates exhibited notable variation in articular surface morphology. Conclusions Despite the early to midterm clinical success of hemi-hamate arthroplasty, there is no statistically significant, uniform similarity in shape between the articular surfaces of the dorsal distal hamate and the volar MP base. In addition, there is wide variation in the articular morphology of the hamate among individuals. Clinical relevance The lack of uniform similarity in shape between the dorsal distal hamate and the volar MP base may result in unpredictable outcomes in HHA. It is recommended that the variation in hamate morphology be considered while reconstructing the injured volar MP base in the procedure.
Neural Morphology and Addiction

Abstract Substance use disorders (SUDs) are major worldwide health problems, and abused drugs do not have effective pharmacotherapies to treat individuals with addiction or prevent high rates of relapse. Preclinical models of drug addiction have been developed to understand how abused drugs affect the brain in an effort to identify novel strategies for treating SUDs. In this chapter, we describe consistent findings in dendrite and dendritic spine adaptations across preclinical models of chronic drug exposure. Specifically, we discuss similarities and differences in how abused drugs elicit complex morphological adaptations in the corticostriatal circuitry. Recent studies using technological advances in imaging to explore the importance of dendritic spine morphology on biochemical compartmentalization and electrical signaling within neurons, as well as understudied area in addiction neuroscience, are also highlighted. In summary, morphological adaptations in the corticostriatal circuitry that occur during drug intake and withdrawal may represent neural correlates that drive relapse behavior.
Document Image Analysis

This chapter provides an overview of document image analysis (DIA). It aims to provide fundamental issues/techniques related to DIA, such textual processing and graphics processing. The chapter focusses on how research scientists, academicians and industrialists see the phrase DIA, and how have they approached since several years. At the end, the importance of graphics recognition has been clearly outlined. Note that the core idea of the chapter is inspired from previous work.
Wheat Height Estimation Using LiDAR in Comparison to Ultrasonic Sensor and UAS

As one of the key crop traits, plant height is traditionally evaluated manually, which can be slow, laborious and prone to error. Rapid development of remote and proximal sensing technologies in recent years allows plant height to be estimated in more objective and efficient fashions, while research regarding direct comparisons between different height measurement methods seems to be lagging. In this study, a ground-based multi-sensor phenotyping system equipped with ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was developed. Canopy heights of 100 wheat plots were estimated five times during a season by the ground phenotyping system and an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), and the results were compared to manual measurements. Overall, LiDAR provided the best results, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.05 m and an R2 of 0.97. UAS obtained reasonable results with an RMSE of 0.09 m and an R2 of 0.91. Ultrasonic sensors did not perform well due to our static measurement style. In conclusion, we suggest LiDAR and UAS are reliable alternative methods for wheat height evaluation.
Abstract P275: Objective Short Sleep Duration Increases the Risk of Cancer Mortality Associated With Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

Introduction: Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases (CBVD) and cancer share cardiometabolic risk factors (CMR) and underlying immune-related pathophysiologic mechanisms. Short sleep duration is a...
Physical activity and quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension

In a longitudinal study of stable pulmonary hypertension patients, there was a nonlinear association between 6MWD and step counts at higher levels of exercise capacity and average step counts were associated with disease-specific and global HRQoLhttp://bit.ly/2JiCvRX
PATHOGEN PREVALANCE IN AMERICAN BLACK BEARS ( URSUS AMERICANUS AMBLYCEPS) OF THE JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO, USA

Informed management of American black bears (Ursus americanus) requires knowledge of the distribution and pathology of diseases affecting the species. Little information is available on pathogen prevalence from black bear populations in the Southwest, US, and it is unknown how these infections may influence black bear populations or disease transmission. We captured New Mexico black bears (Ursus americanus amblyceps) during 2016-17 as part of a long-term monitoring project and opportunistically collected 36 blood samples from 12 female and 17 male black bears. We wanted to determine prior exposure to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, West Nile virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and the tick-borne pathogens, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp. Approximately half (55%, 16/29) of the individuals sampled had antibodies to Y. pestis, and 37% (10/27) had antibodies to T. gondii. Prevalence of antibodies to West Nile virus, F. tularensis, and canine parvovirus were lower (i.e., 11, 10, and 3%, respectively). We detected no antibodies to canine distemper, B. burgdorferi, Rickettsia spp., or Babesia spp. We documented changes in antibody titer levels for both sexes of several recaptured black bears. Our data will inform managers of pathogen prevalence and distribution in black bears in north-central New Mexico and provide a vital baseline dataset for future pathogen monitoring. Additionally, these data support actions to minimize exposure through handling wild individuals or through hunter harvest activities.
Global ocean synoptic thermocline gradient, isothermal-layer depth, and other upper ocean parameters

Different from the existing global ocean climatological datasets of isothermal layer (ITL) depth (h), a global ocean synoptic dataset of h along with other parameters has been established from temperature profiles of the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) world ocean database 1961-2017. The exponential leap-forward gradient method was used to identify h and thermocline gradient (G) from each temperature profile measured by expendable bathythermograph (XBT) and conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) instruments. Due to quality and vertical resolution of the profiling data, the numbers of (G, h) pairs are 446,811 out of 964,942 CTD profiles and 755,086 out of 2,303,433 XBT profiles. With the given h, other parameters such as ITL heat content (HITL), sea surface temperature (SST), temperature below ITL (Tm), and quality measures (Q, I) indices are provided. Altogether, the dataset contains 1,201,897 temporally and horizontally varying sets of (G, h, HITL, SST, Tm, Q-index, I-index). Note that we added 200° to the longitude. This synoptic dataset is located on the NCEI website for public use.
Leveraging copresence to increase the effectiveness of gamified personalized normative feedback.

Abstract Virtual copresence, or the sense of being with others in an online space, is a feeling induced on many apps and websites through user avatars and browsable profile pages. Despite the small/modest effect sizes observed in popular web-based personalized normative feedback (PNF) alcohol interventions for college students, previous research has yet to consider how copresence might boost efficacy. This study builds on previous PNF gamification work to investigate whether specific copresence features (visual and text-based information about peers) increase PNF's ability to reduce alcohol use relative to a standard PNF condition and a gamified PNF condition. Copresence and perceptions of drinking norms (average drinks, peak drinks, and binge episodes) were assessed during a 3-week period following random assignment of college students (N = 235) to 1 of the 4 web-based PNF conditions (Standard PNF, Gamified PNF Only, Gamified PNF + Visual Copresence, and Gamified PNF + Maximum Copresence). These conditions asked the same questions about drinking and delivered identical PNF on alcohol use, but differed in the level of visual and text-based information about peers. Overall, only the gamified condition that featured maximum copresence significantly reduced drinking outcomes relative to standard PNF. However, conditional effects were moderated by pre-intervention drinking. Among heavier pre-intervention drinkers, both gamified conditions that featured copresence significantly improved upon Standard PNF in reducing alcohol use at follow-up. Findings suggest that including social media-like copresence features to visually represent and provide basic information about the peers contributing to the norms can enhance the efficacy of gamified PNF interventions, especially among high-risk heavy drinkers.
An iterative fission matrix scheme for calculating steady-state power and critical control rod position in a TRIGA reactor

Abstract Although Monte Carlo simulations are the most accurate representation of nuclear reactor cores, they can be computationally expensive. This computational expense can prohibit the use of Monte Carlo in situations that require sequences of neutronics calculations, such as accounting for temperature feedback. In the present work, we demonstrate a fission matrix methodology to calculate the fission source in the Penn State Breazeale Reactor while accounting for control rod movement and fuel temperature feedback. A fission matrix A, represents the rate of fission neutron production in a reactor core, where the aij entry of the matrix is equal to the neutrons produced in cell i per neutron born from cell j. The fission source distribution and multiplication factor keff are the principle eigenvector and principle eigenvalue, respectively, of the fission matrix. Given a varied core temperature distribution, a new fission matrix can be obtained by interpolating from a database of pre-calculated fission matrices. This approach shows promise in accurately and quickly calculating the reactivity and fission source distributions for a system with an arbitrary temperature distribution. In the present work, the largest resulting relative error of the calculated power distribution per pin was 1.52% compared to a Serpent criticality simulation, and all calculated eigenvalues were within 50 pcm, which corresponds to 0.1–0.4 cm of rod insertion depending on whether rods are inserted in the center or edge of the core. In contrast, the critical rod position varies by 13.49 cm for the cases considered (0–650 kW). The present database is composed of data from 78 Monte Carlo calculations, but enables subsequent neutronics calculations to be done in a fraction of a second. Future work would be to implement correction factors for neighboring temperature differences in three-dimensional models, incorporate xenon feedback, and investigate ways to decrease database size.
Use of an Accelerated Discharge Pathway in Patients With Severe Cerebral Palsy Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion for Neuromuscular Scoliosis.

Abstract Background Implementation of a coordinated multidisciplinary postoperative pathway has been shown to reduce length of stay after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This study sought to compare the outcomes of nonambulatory cerebral palsy (CP) patients treated with PSF and cared for using an accelerated discharge (AD) pathway with those using a more traditional discharge (TD) pathway. Methods A total of 74 patients with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) class 4/5 CP undergoing PSF were reviewed. Thirty consecutive patients were cared for using a TD pathway, and 44 patients were subsequently treated using an AD pathway. The cohorts were then evaluated for postoperative complications and length of stay. Results Length of stay (LOS) was 19% shorter in patients managed with the AD pathway (AD 4.0 days [95% CI 2.5-5.5] vs. TD 4.9 days [95% CI 3.5-6.3], p = .01). There was no difference between groups with respect to age at surgery, GMFCS class, preoperative curve magnitude, pelvic obliquity, kyphosis, postoperative curve correction, fusion to the pelvis, or length of fusion between groups. Length of stay remained significantly shorter in the AD group by 0.9 days when controlling for estimated blood loss (EBL) and length of surgery. Complication rates trended lower in the AD group (33% AD vs. 52% TD, p = .12), including pulmonary complications (21% AD vs. 38% TD, p = .13). There was no significant difference in wound complications, return to the operating room, or medical readmissions between groups. Conclusions Adoption of a standardized postoperative pathway reduced LOS by 19% in nonambulatory CP patients. Overall, complications, including pulmonary, trended lower in the AD group. Early discharge appears to be possible in this challenging patient population. Although the AD pathway may not be appropriate for all patients, the utility of the AD pathway in optimizing care for more routine PSF for this patient subset appears to be worthwhile. Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic.