cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF FRACTURING FLUID WASTE WATER BY Fe/C MICRO-ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS

This is the first time that fracturing fluid waste water after coagulation has been treated by Fe/C micro-electrolysis process, and four factors, namely pH value, detention time, Fe/C volumetric ratio, grain size of scrap iron, dose of ammonium chloride (NH 4CI) have been studied. By calculation, the consume of the scrap iron has been determined. Results show that removal rate of color is nearly 100%, removal rate of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) arrives at 58%, the consume of the scrap iron is 0.28?kg/m~3, while pH value is 2, detention time is 25 minutes, Fe/C volumetric ratio is 1-1.5, iron grain is 60-80 mesh, adding content of NH 4CI is 1?000?mg/L.
Transient stability calculation considering traction load model

The UPI(User Program Interface) function of PSASP is adopted to embed the traction load model into power grid for the calculation of transient stability simulation in Windows environment by exchanging the file and data information with the dynamic link library.Its impact on system transient stability is compared between traction load model and conventional load model,and results show that,the sensitivity of traction load model to voltage disturbance is bigger than that of constant impedance model while smaller than that of inductive motor model;the power-angle and damping characteristic of traction load model is superior to that of constant impedance model while inferior to that of inductive motor model;along with the increase of traction load penetration,the damping rate raises while the critical clearance time decreases;the transient stability calculated with traction load model is higher than that calculated with inductive motor model.
Relationship of intrapartum and delivery room events to long-term neurologic outcome

Our current ability to predict long-term neurologic outcome based upon intrapartum information is very limited. Adding information on the neurologic state during the first days of life adds powerfully to the ability to predict outcome. An understanding of causation requires consideration of antepartum factors, since many characteristics commonly labelled as indicators of "neonatal hypoxia" may be the first evidence in the infant of abnormality that predated labor.
The Potency and Time Course of the Neuromuscular Effects of SZ1676 and Its Hydroxy Analogs in Guinea-Pigs

SZ 1676,1-[3α,17β-bis(acetyloxy)-2β-(1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4, 5]dec-8-yl)-5α-androstan-l6β-yl]-1-(2-propenyl)pyrrolidinium.Br, and its 3-OH (SZ 1677), 17-OH (SZ 1824) and 3,17-OH (SZ1823) analogs are now being evaluated for eventual clinical use. In the present study the neuromuscular (NM) potencies and time courses of these compounds were compared to those of rocuronium. These studies were carried out on guinea-pigs (g.p.) because the relative potencies of steroid type muscle relaxants (MR) in clinical use were found to be relatively constant in g.p. and man1.
H+ and HCO3- flux across apical surface of rat distal colon.

Colonic ion transport is postulated to occur via simultaneous operation of Na(+)-H+ exchange and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange. Accordingly H+ and HCO3- should be transported simultaneously by the colon. To assess simultaneous H+ and HCO3- transport, net acid-base flux was measured in isolated segments of rat distal colon. When both tissue surfaces were bathed in symmetrical solutions containing Cl-, net base was secreted (-1.0 +/- 0.1 mu eq.cm-2.h-1). Cl- substitution with gluconate in the mucosal medium caused net base flux to switch from secretion to absorption (2.0 +/- 0.2 mu eq.cm-2.h-1). To evaluate whether base absorption was dependent on H+ secretion via Na(+)-H+ exchange, mucosal Na+ was substituted with N-methylglucamine, and amiloride, an inhibitor of Na(+)-H+ exchange, was applied. Na+ substitution and 1 mM amiloride inhibited base absorption by 37 and 38%, respectively, suggesting operation of Na(+)-H+ exchange. Because base absorption persisted, an additional mechanism was considered, HCO3- absorption via Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange. This was evaluated with an inhibitor of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange 4-acetamido-4'-isothiostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS). SITS (1 mM) inhibited HCO3- absorption by 40%. The effects of amiloride and SITS were additive, suggesting that the Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers operate simultaneously. Amiloride also inhibited H+ secretion when net HCO3- was secreted, suggesting that the direction of HCO3- movement does not influence Na(+)-H+ exchange activity. These data suggest that the colon transports both H+ and HCO3- across the apical surface via Na(+)-H+ exchange and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange; H+ is secreted via Na(+)-H+ exchange, whereas HCO3- can be secreted or absorbed via Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange.
Meanings of the Human Body in Modern Christian Theology

Abstract This study was conducted to survey twentieth century Christian theology for agreements and disagreements among concepts of the meanings of the human body and to develop a concise statement of the meanings. By utilizing suitable bibliographic techniques and by consulting several theologians recent Christian theological literature regarding the human body was identified, subsequently reviewed and notes taken in accord with a set of directive questions. The report of the meanings found in the literature takes place in four categories: basic existence of the body, bodily being as performing theological functions, bodily being as performing functions in life, and bodily being as flesh, as person and personality, and as participant in unity. Christian theology affirms belief in the human body as a nonevil dimension of the intimate unity of body and soul which is the nature of the human person. The body is viewed as performing many important functions in fully human life as well as providing significant...
Intention and interpretation : Manet's Luncheon in the Studio

L'A. s'appuie sur un tableau d'Edouard Manet pour evoquer les notions d'intention et d'interpretation en philosophie de l'art. Comment faut-il interpreter l'intention du peintre qui produit un tableau ? Il s'agit pour l'A. d'argumenter en faveur d'une theorie intentionnaliste equilibree entre Wimsatt et Hirsch. C'est l'occasion d'aborder le statut de la biographie du peintre dans la comprehension de son intention artistique
Bistability and multistability in cyclotron resonance

Etude du mouvement d'un electron dans un champ magnetique uniforme sous l'influence d'une onde electromagnetique plane. Les effets relativistes donnent naissance a une resonance cyclotron bistable et a des resonances sous-harmoniques
Phylogeny, ecology, morphological evolution, and reclassification of the diatom orders Surirellales and Rhopalodiales.

Abstract The Surirellales and Rhopalodiales are large, widespread, and morphologically diverse groups of raphid pennate diatoms (Bacillariphyta) whose raphe, a structure that facilitates active motility, opens internally into a siliceous canal. We collected 202 representatives of the lineage and sequenced genes from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes to infer phylogenetic relationships as a basis for comparative study of ecology and morphological evolution as well as reclassification. The lineage was ancestrally marine, and we report the first evidence for a ‘stepping stone’ model of marine–freshwater transitions in which freshwater invasions were preceded by adaptation to intermediate brackish habitats. Phylogenetic comparative analyses also showed that the shift from an apical (e.g., Entomoneis) to transapical major axis of development (e.g., Surirella) did not have to proceed through subcircular intermediate forms (i.e., Campylodiscus). Rather, subcircular forms evolved both within lineages with longer apical axis or longer transapical axis. We also used the inferred phylogeny as a basis for genus-level reclassification of the lineage. Campylodiscus now includes the fastuosoid members of Surirella and Campylodiscus, but excludes other marine Campylodiscus which are now classified as Coronia. Surirella includes the Surirella striatula clade, Surirella Pinnatae group, and species formerly classified as Cymatopleura. We resurrected the genus Iconella to accommodate Stenopterobia and the robustoid members of Surirella and Campylodiscus. We broadened Epithemia to include members of the paraphyletic genus Rhopalodia. Finally, we discuss the challenges of constructing a classification that best leverages available phylogenetic data, while minimizing disruption to the research community and recognizing practical considerations stemming from the slow rate of progress on systematic studies of understudied organisms.
Relationship between the system of Astronomical constants and the radar determinations of the Astronomical Unit

Radar determinations of astronomical unit, speed of light, solar parallax, and other constants
Main Equations of the Theory of the Electron Fermi Liquid of Anisotropic Metal

Originally Landau-Silin Fermi liquid theory described the electron characteristics of metals in the framework of a semiclassical approach. However, later the main equations of the theory were generalized to study quantum phenomena. The fundamentals of the quantum theory of the electron liquid are expounded in [27]–[29], [94], [95]. The detailed justification of the equations given below is contained in [27], [95]. Here we will give a brief summary.
The combination of functional and anatomical imaging improves has a high accuracy in the detection of carcinoid tumors

1651 Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of combining functional imaging of carcinoid tumors using In-111 pentetreotide (Octreoscan), and anatomical imaging (AI) using CT and MRI alone or in combination. Methods: Following the approval of the institutional board review, we retrospectively reviewed the reports of 80 Octreoscans that were performed at our institution for patients with suspicious carcinoid tumor, or to determine the extent of the disease in a biopsy proven carcinoid malignancy. The final diagnosis was based on the histolopathology and immunohistochemical staining of surgical or biopsy specimen, and/or clinical follow up (minimum two years) which included specific biologic markers. The results of CT and/or MRI performed within 1±1 month from the Octreoscan were collected. Results: When Octreoscan results were interpreted independently, the sensitivity (sens), specificity (spec), accuracy (acc), positive predictive value (ppv) and negative predictive values (npv) were 83%, 97%, 89%, 98%, and 79% respectively. When AI results were interpreted independently, the sens, spec, acc, ppv, and npv were 88%, 91%, 89%, 93%, and 83% respectively. When Octreoscan and AI results were combined, there were 67 concordant and 13 discordant results. When concordant, the sens, spec, acc, ppv, and npv were 95%, 97%, 96%, 97%, and 93% respectively. When Octreoscan and AI had discordant results, the sens, spec, acc, ppv, and npv of Octreoscan were 40%, 100%, 54%, 100%, and 33% respectively, and the sens, spec, acc, ppv, and npv of AI were 60%, 33%, 54%, 75%, and 20% respectively. Conclusions: While AI and Octreoscan have both good sensitivity and specificity in the detection of carcinoid tumors, the combination of their results improves the accuracy leading to a better clinical management. When AI and Octreoscan are concordant, the results can be interpreted with confidence, while when they are discordant a positive Octreoscan can be interpreted with more confidence than a positive AI. However, and negative Octreoscan has to be interpreted cautiously, and further evaluation to exclude the diagnosis of active carcinoid tumor is recommended.
Understanding and Promoting Stress Management Practices Among College Students Through an Integrated Health Behavior Model

ABSTRACTBackground: College students are susceptible to undermanaged stress and its detrimental effects, and though they could use evidence-based stress reduction techniques (SRTs) to remedy this, many do not. Unfortunately, little is known about what might encourage greater use. Purpose: This study examined to what extent a framework integrating cognitive, social, behavioral, and experiential factors related to influential health behavior models could account for increased intention to use SRTs (intention) and willingness to recommend SRTs (promoter willingness). Methods: College students (n = 233) completed a survey assessing health beliefs, past and intended future use of SRTs, willingness to recommend SRTs, and potential changes in intention or promoter willingness following brief Health Education messages. Results: Health Belief Model components, theory of planned behavior descriptive norms, and prior SRT use predicted significant variability in intention and promoter willingness (experienced effecti...
The use of oral appliances in obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective cohort study spanning 14 years of private practice experience

In 2005, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine stated, “Oral appliances are indicated for use in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who prefer them to CPAP therapy, or who do not respond to, are not appropriate candidates for, or who fail treatment attempts with CPAP.” However, this recommendation is based upon variable results from only six studies with more than 100 participants. These studies have assessed the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in specific groups (military populations, academic institutions, or hospital settings) with no large study conducted in a fee-for-service private practice where the majority of patients receive MADs for OSA. The purpose of this study is to report outcomes of a board-certified dental sleep practitioner managing mild, moderate, and severe OSA using customized titratable MADs. We hypothesize that patients will demonstrate a significant reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores after adjusting their customized titratable MADs. This is a 14-year retrospective study design with pre- and post-treatment sleep studies. An AHI score < 10 respiratory events per hour with therapy is defined as treatment success. This study was performed by a single private practitioner. Of 2419 patient records analyzed, 544 (22%) had pre- and post-treatment sleep studies (89% polysomnograms). Of 510 patients with complete data, 459 (90%) revealed a decrease in AHI score < 10 respiratory events per hour indicating treatment success. Only 51 of these patients (10%) had a final AHI ≥ 10 and were considered treatment failures. Among the patients who lacked post overnight polysomnogram, 66/1921 (3%) discontinued the MAD due to adverse effects. Considering these patients as treatment failures as well, and therefore adding their number to the patients with complete sleep study data, the total treatment failures were 117/576 or 20%. Of the treatment successes, OSA was categorized by AHI at baseline as mild in 170 (34%), moderate in 181 (36%), and severe in 138 (28%). In patients with evaluable data, there was an 80% success rate for treatment of OSA using a custom-fabricated adjustable MAD including substantial numbers of patients with moderate and severe disease.
Anisotropy and Spatial Heterogeneity in Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters: Relevance to the Study of the Human Cervix.

Abstract Imaging biomarkers based on quantitative ultrasound can offer valuable information about properties that inform tissue function and behavior such as microstructural organization ( e.g., collagen alignment) and viscoelasticity ( i.e., compliance). For example, the cervix feels softer as its microstructure remodels during pregnancy, an increase in compliance that can be objectively quantified with shear wave speed and therefore shear wave speed estimation is a potential biomarker of cervical remodeling. Other proposed biomarkers include parameters derived from the backscattered echo signal, such as attenuation and backscattered power loss, because such parameters can provide insight into tissue microstructural alignment and organization. Of these, attenuation values for the pregnant cervix have been reported, but large estimate variance reduces their clinical value. That said, parameter estimates based on the backscattered echo signal may be incorrect if assumptions they rely on, such as tissue isotropy and homogeneity, are violated. For that reason, we explored backscatter and attenuation parameters as potential biomarkers of cervical remodeling via careful investigation of the assumptions of isotropy and homogeneity in cervical tissue. Specifically, we estimated the angle- and spatial-dependence of parameters of backscattered power and acoustic attenuation in the ex vivo human cervix, using the reference phantom method and electronic steering of the ultrasound beam. We found that estimates are anisotropic and spatially heterogeneous, presumably because the tissue itself is anisotropic and heterogeneous. We conclude that appropriate interpretation of imaging biomarkers of cervical remodeling must account for tissue anisotropy and heterogeneity.
Administrative racism: Public administration education and race

Public administration has an ethical problem with race and racism. Researchers find that race is a nervous area of government public administrators avoid confronting, resulting in their eschewing d...
New Forms of Work and Employment in the Digital Economy

To what extent does the accelerated development of the digital economy contribute to the political process of deconstruction of employment and reformulation of the category of ‘worker’? This paper considers some recent innovations in the digitalisation of the economy, which are intertwined with new forms of work and employment: Internet-based virtual work, on-demand work through online platforms, crowd working, and ‘prosumer’ work. Several dimensions of the employment relationship are called into question by these trends: concept of workplace (and its aspects related to working conditions); formation of wages; meaning and measurement of working time; blurring of reporting lines; representation of workers’ interests; and more generally the meaning of work and solidarity.
Multi-Axis Nanopositioning System for the Hard X-ray Split-Delay System at the LCLS

Modern optical laser technology has enjoyed great success thanks to the large variety of optical elements that are available to manipulate the beams with sub-wavelength precision. With the advent o...
Identifying an appropriate carrier for nonnutritive sweeteners in metabolic and controlled feeding investigations via sensory evaluation

To strengthen metabolic study designs on nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), sensory characteristics of NNS combined with different carriers should be better understood. The research objective was to determine an appropriate carrier (water or applesauce) for a high dose of specific NNS types (aspartame, sucralose, or stevia) to inform future metabolic and controlled feeding study designs. Adult participants (n = 67) sampled six sweetener‐carrier combinations (water and applesauce containing high concentrations of aspartame [30 g/oz], sucralose [8.25 g/oz], and stevia [6.75 g/oz]). Participants completed Check‐All‐That‐Apply emotional terminology questionnaires, affective attribute questionnaires, and paired preference questionnaires. Applesauce was preferred (sucralose = 83.6%; aspartame = 79.1%; stevia = 74.6%) significantly more than water for all sweetener types (p < .001) and mean acceptability scores were significantly higher for all applesauce samples. Participants preferred NNS delivered in applesauce rather than water. Applesauce is likely a more appropriate and tolerable carrier for high‐dose NNS, which may contribute to designing effective intervention studies with greater participant compliance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This investigation will allow researchers to understand which carrier (applesauce or water) is more tolerable for participants consuming high doses of NNS and to design future research studies to determine health outcomes associated with NNS consumption. Applesauce is likely a more appropriate and tolerable carrier for high‐dose NNS in research studies. Using an acceptable carrier for delivery of high doses of NNS to research participants may contribute to designing effective intervention studies, with greater participant compliance. An acceptable method for delivering NNS to research participants will be valuable for designing intervention studies aimed at examining how NNS consumption impacts health outcomes.
Cortical Activation Elicited by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Predicts Postoperative Motor Side Effects

OBJECTIVE Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for movement disorders, improvement varies substantially in individuals, across clinical trials, and over time. Noninvasive biomarkers that predict the individual response to DBS could be used to optimize outcomes and drive technological innovation in neuromodulation. We sought to evaluate whether noninvasive event related potentials elicited by subthalamic DBS during surgical targeting predict the tolerability of a given stimulation site in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. METHODS Using electroencephalography, we measured event related potentials elicited by 20 Hz DBS over a range of stimulus intensities across the spatial extent of the implanted electrode array in 11 patients. We correlated event related potential timing and morphology with the stimulus amplitude thresholds for motor side effects during postoperative programming at ≥130 Hz. RESULTS During surgical targeting, DBS at 20 Hz elicits large amplitude, high frequency activity (evoked HFA) with mean onset latency of 9.0 ± 0.3 msec and a mean frequency of 175.8 ± 7.8 Hz. The lowest DBS amplitude that elicits the HFA predicts thresholds for motor side effects during postoperative stimulation at ≥130 Hz (p < 0.001, ANOVA). CONCLUSION Event related potentials elicited by DBS can predict clinically relevant corticospinal activation by stimulation after surgery. Noninvasive scalp physiology requires no patient interaction and could serve as a biomarker to guide targeting, postoperative programming, and emerging technologies such as directional and closed-loop stimulation.
Stable Principal Component Pursuit via Convex Analysis

This paper aims to recover a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix from their superposition observed in additive white Gaussian noise by formulating a convex optimization problem with a non-separable non-convex regularization. The proposed non-convex penalty function extends the recent work of a multivariate generalized minimax-concave penalty for promoting sparsity. It avoids underestimation characteristic of convex regularization, which is weighted sum of nuclear norm and $\ell _1$ norm in our case. Due to the availability of convex-preserving strategy, the cost function can be minimized through forward-backward splitting. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated for both numerical simulation and hyperspectral images restoration.
Estrogen controls mTOR signaling and mitochondrial function via WNT4 in lobular carcinoma cells

Abstract Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast (ILC) is strongly estrogen-driven, and represents a unique context for estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. In ILC, ER controls the expression of the Wnt ligand WNT4, which is critical for endocrine response and anti-estrogen resistance, yet signaling mediated by WNT4 is poorly understood. We utilized reverse phase protein array (RPPA) to characterize ER and WNT4-driven signaling in ILC cells, and identified WNT4 as a mediator of downstream mTOR signaling via p70-S6K. Independent of mTOR/p70-S6K, ER and WNT4 control levels of MCL-1, which is associated with mitochondrial function. In this context, knockdown of WNT4 caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased ATP production that precede cell death. WNT4 regulation of both mTOR signaling and MCL-1 levels was also observed in anti-estrogen resistant models of ILC. Further, we identified that high WNT4 expression is associated with similar mTOR pathway activation in serous ovarian cancer tumors, suggesting that this WNT4 pathway is important in multiple tumor types. The identified downstream pathways represent potential targets to inhibit WNT4 signaling in ovarian cancer and overcome anti-estrogen resistance for patients with ILC.
Joint Estimation of the Two-Level Gaussian Graphical Models Across Multiple Classes

The Gaussian graphical model has been a popular tool for investigating the conditional dependency structure between random variables by estimating sparse precision matrices. The estimated precision...
Combustion of aqueous HAN/methanol propellants at high pressures

Abstract “Green” monopropellants based on hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) are of interest for replacing highly toxic hydrazine in space propulsion systems and for other applications. However, their combustion mechanisms at high pressures are not well understood. In the present paper, decomposition of HAN at pressures up to 15 MPa was studied with differential scanning calorimetry, while combustion of an aqueous HAN/methanol solution (70.1 wt% HAN and 14.9 wt% methanol) was studied in a strand burner at pressures up to 30 MPa. The experiments in both setups were conducted in a nitrogen environment. It has been shown that the decomposition temperature of HAN significantly decreases with increasing pressure from atmospheric to 2 MPa and remains virtually constant with further increasing pressure to 15 MPa. The decrease with pressure is explained by suppressing evaporation of HNO3 and H2O formed during the decomposition process. The strand burner experiments have revealed an increase in the linear burning rate by over 50% at 12−14 MPa, explained by reaching the critical pressure of the liquid. Other observed pressure dependencies of the burning rate include a decrease at 9–12 MPa, a plateau at 14–19 MPa, a decrease at 20 MPa, and an increase at 22–30 MPa.
Phase Motion of the Scalar $\pi \pi$ Amplitudes in $D^+$, $D^+_s \to \pi^-\pi^+\pi^+$ Decays

We make a direct and model-independent measurement of the low $\pi^+\pi^-$ mass phase motion in the $D^+ \to \pi^-\pi^+\pi^+$ decay. Our preliminary results show a strong phase variation, compatible with the isoscalar $\sigma(500)$ meson. This result confirms our previous result where we found evidence for the existence of this scalar particle using full Dalitz-plot analysis. We apply the Amplitude Difference (AD) method to the same Fermilab E791 data sample used in the preceding analysis. We also give an example of how we extract the phase motion of the scalar amplitude, looking at the $f_0(980)$ in $D^+_s \to \pi^-\pi^+\pi^+$ decay.
Computational Modeling of the Effects of the Science Writing Heuristic on Student Critical Thinking in Science Using Machine Learning

This study is intended to provide an example of computational modeling (CM) experiment using machine learning algorithms. Specific outcomes modeled in this study are the predicted influences associated with the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) and associated with the completion of question items for the Cornell Critical Thinking Test. The Student Task and Cognition Model in this study uses cognitive data from a large-scale randomized control study. Results of the computational model experiment provide for the possibility to increase student success via targeted cognitive retraining of specific cognitive attributes via the SWH. This study also illustrates that computational modeling using machine learning algorithms (MLA) is a significant resource for testing educational interventions, informs specific hypotheses, and assists in the design and development of future research designs in science education research.
Unkind roll of the dice: drivers of lottery crimes in the United States

Using data on U.S. states, this paper studies the factors driving lottery-related crimes, focusing on spillovers from other gambling and corruption. Although state-sponsored lotteries have become q...
Ferroptotic stress promotes the accumulation of pro-inflammatory proximal tubular cells in maladaptive renal repair

Abstract Overwhelming lipid peroxidation induces ferroptotic stress and ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death that has been implicated in maladaptive renal repair in mice and humans. Using single-cell transcriptomic and mouse genetic approaches, we show that proximal tubular (PT) cells develop a molecularly distinct, pro-inflammatory state following injury. While these inflammatory PT cells transiently appear after mild injury and return to their original state without inducing fibrosis, they accumulate and contribute to persistent inflammation after severe injury. This transient inflammatory PT state significantly downregulates glutathione metabolism genes, making them vulnerable to ferroptotic stress. Genetic induction of high ferroptotic stress in these cells after mild injury leads to the accumulation of the inflammatory PT cells, enhancing inflammation and fibrosis. Our study broadens the roles of ferroptotic stress from being a trigger of regulated cell death to include the promotion and accumulation of proinflammatory cells that underlie maladaptive repair.
Disclosing Genetic Risk of Alzheimer's Disease to Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: Findings from the Study of Knowledge and Reactions to APOE Testing (SOKRATES II).

BACKGROUND Current practice guidelines recommend against Apolipoprotein E (APOE) testing. However, advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and care may soon change this. OBJECTIVE To examine longitudinally the experience of learning an APOE result and, if an ɛ4 carrier, taking a disease-specific treatment to reduce one's risk of AD. METHODS Fifty ɛ4 carriers and 20 non-carriers completed semi-structured interviews 3 months and 15 months after APOE disclosure. RESULTS Individuals generally understand their APOE results. While non-carriers felt relief, ɛ4 carriers often described themselves as disappointed by their result but nevertheless glad to know. Carriers expressed concerns about stigma and discrimination, including in the workplace. Carriers adopted new health behaviors at higher rates than non-carriers and revised their future plans to account for their increased risk of AD. Individuals participating in research were hopeful that their participation would help them or others; individuals who learned they were at increased risk for AD but who could not participate in research were disappointed. CONCLUSION Providers disclosing APOE results should be sensitive to how APOE results shape emotions, self-perceptions, and attitudes about memory; raise concerns about stigma and discrimination in personal and professional relationships; influence health behaviors and decision-making; and can have follow-on effects on family members.
A QUICK INTRODUCTION TO SIMPLE LIE ALGEBRAS AND THEIR REPRESENTATIONS

Simple Lie algebras, their matrix representations and their subalgebra structure have long been studied by many mathematicians and physicists. Since physicists are interested in the Hilbert space of a quantum-mechanical theory, the traditional approach is to form the generators of a symmetry of a Lagrangian from the fields and then to analyze the symmetry directly in terms of the quantum operators. However, this approach is often cumbersome for dealing with the big groups that appear in string theory. It sometimes helps to proceed somewhat differently, similar to that popular in mathematics. There the focus is on the quantum number labels that appear in the state vectors [1].
GENETIC PROGNOSIS AND COUNSELING.

P R o G N o s I s in medicine implies a forecast of the probable course of a given disease in the patient suffering from that disease. Genetic prognosis differs from medical prognosis in predicting the probability of recurrence of an hereditary disease in offspring or relatives of parents who usually have had an affected child. Genetic prognosis may be very exact in conditions caused by a single mutant gene and a definite numerical risk for recurrence may often be quoted. Usually, giving the numerical risk to the parents is not sufficient. Careful consideration of the many medical, emotional, religious, and social factors pertinent to the disease and its impact on the family is required. The total process of exchange of information relative to the genetic prognosis and its attendant problems is often referred to as genetic counseling. Good genetic advice requires certainty about the diagnosis. Since different genes and nongenetic causes may produce similar disease patterns, genetic counseling always should be preceded by a meticulously taken family history as well as by full clinical and laboratory examination of the affected patient and, if need be, of relatives. The many problems raised by genetic prognosis will be discussed in this paper using some examples from our experience.
The Asparagine Synthetase of Escherichia coli II. STUDIES ON MECHANISM

Asparagine synthetase, purified 370-fold from extracts of Escherichia coli K-12, catalyzed the transfer of oxygen from 18O-labeled aspartate to AMP. No 18O was found in the pyrophosphate produced in the reaction. Initial velocities of asparagine synthesis were obtained when the concentrations of two of the three substrates, aspartate, ATP, and ammonia, were varied; the third substrate was kept constant. A parallel initial velocity pattern was seen when the concentration of either aspartate and ammonia, or ATP and ammonia, was varied. On the other hand, an intersecting initial velocity pattern was seen when aspartate and ATP were the variable substrates. These results supported a two-step reaction mechanism involving an aspartyl enzyme intermediate. The kinetics of product inhibition ruled out any obligatory order of addition of aspartate and ATP. Kinetic studies of the pyrophosphate-ATP exchange catalyzed by the synthetase confirmed the random order of substrate addition. A general rate equation for this exchange reaction is presented. We could not show directly that substrates bind to the enzyme. Nevertheless an indication of binding was obtained since a combination of either aspartate and ATP-Mg2+ or asparagine and AMP-Mg2+ greatly protected the enzyme from inactivation both by iodoacetamide and by heat.
HIV inhibits endothelial reverse cholesterol transport through impacting subcellular Caveolin-1 trafficking

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to decreased reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in macrophages, and Nef mediated down-regulation and redistribution of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) are identified as key factors for this effect. This may partially explain the increased risk of atherosclerosis in HIV infected individuals. Since endothelial dysfunction is key in the initial stages of atherosclerosis, we sought to determine whether RCT was affected in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). We found that apoA-I does not significantly stimulate cholesterol efflux in HAECs while cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was dramatically reduced in HAECs co-cultured with HIV infected cells. Studies with wild type and Nef defective HIV revealed no significant differences suggesting that multiple factors are working perhaps in concert with Nef to affect cholesterol efflux to HDL from HAECs. Interestingly, treating HAECs with recombinant Nef showed similar effect in HDL mediated cholesterol efflux as observed in HAECs co-cultured with HIV infected cells. Using a detergent-free based subcellular fractionation approach, we demonstrated that exposure of HAECs to HIV infected cells or Nef alone disrupts caveolin 1 (Cav-1) subcellular trafficking upon HDL stimulation. Moreover, Nef significantly enhanced tyrosine 14 phosphorylation of Cav-1 which may have an impact on recycling of Cav-1 and caveolae. These results suggest that HIV interferes with cholesterol efflux by HDL in HAECs through the disruption of Cav-1s’ cellular distribution and that multiple factors are involved, possibly including Nef, for the inhibition of HDL mediated cholesterol efflux and alteration of cellular distribution of Cav-1.
Tetralogy of Fallot with suprasystemic pressure in the right ventricle. A case report and review of the literature.

Abstract A 2 3 4 - year-old girl with tetralogy of Fallot with suprasystemic pressure in the right ventricle has been described. The clinical findings of severe right ventricular dominance suggested an intact ventricular septum. At operation the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve was attached unusually high and aberrantly on the annulus of the right ventricle, causing obstruction of the ventricular septal defect during systole. The literature has been reviewed and the pathophysiology of the lesion described. It is emphasized that it is possible to suspect the lesion clinically.
Susceptibility of Populations of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Brazil and the United States to a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

Populations of velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, were sampled in different regions of Brazil (Dourados, Londrina, Rancho Alegre, and Passo Fundo) and the United States (Texas an...
An Analysis of Initial Global Citizenship in a Liberal Arts College in Northeastern Pennsylvania.

There are an increasing number of organizations conducting business in the global environment (Hill, 2011). Expatriate employees are frequently used and are critical for success in these assignments (Carpenter, Sanders, & Gregersen, 2000). Adjusting to a foreign culture is one reason for high failure rates of expatriates (Garonzik, Brockner & Siegel, 2000). According to Morais and Ogden (2010), there is a need to measure global citizenship in a way that can validate the outcomes of a study abroad experience, specifically, and the development of a global citizen, generally. College and University Study Abroad programs introduce students to global cultures and citizenship; however, college graduates are not prepared to enter the global workforce (Hunter, 2011). This article analyzes and measures initial global citizenship in a liberal arts college in Northeastern Pennsylvania. This study utilizes the Global Citizenship Scale to explore the initial levels of social responsibility, global competence and global civic engagement (Morais & Ogden, 2010). The researchers will discuss the implications for educators, administrators, and researchers. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations will be presented.
The annual cycle in ENSO growth rate as a cause of the spring predictability barrier

The spring predictability barrier increases the uncertainty in ENSO forecasts starting before and during the boreal spring. Recent work has shown that the annual cycle of ENSO growth rate is responsible for phase locking of peak ENSO development to the boreal winter, suggesting that this annual cycle may play a role in the spring predictability barrier. To test this hypothesis, the annual cycle of ENSO growth rate is added to a damped, noise-driven conceptual recharge oscillator model. When the annual cycle of ENSO growth rate is included, a spring predictability barrier develops, whereas without it ENSO predictability is independent of the forecast start date. When state-dependent noise is included in the simulations in addition to the annual cycle of the growth rate, the spring predictability barrier is enhanced and more realistic.
The Complexity of Quickly ORM-Decidable Sets

The Ordinal Register Machine (ORM) is one of several different machine models for infinitary computability. We classify, by complexity, the sets that can be decided quickly by ORMs. In particular, we show that the arithmetical sets are exactly those sets that can be decided by ORMs in times uniformly less than ${\ensuremath{\omega^\omega}}$. Further, we show that the hyperarithmetical sets are exactly those sets that can be decided by an ORM in time uniformly less than $\omega_1^{CK}$.
Crisis Cities: Disaster and Redevelopment in New York and New Orleans, by Kevin Fox Gotham and Miriam Greenberg

Few topics have captivated the planning profession in the past decade like those of resilience and disaster recovery. Catastrophic events like the September 11 attacks in 2001 and Hurricane Katrina...
1‐Methoxy‐3‐buten‐2‐one

[43042-58-6] C5H8O2 (MW 100.13) InChI = 1S/C5H8O2/c1-3-5(6)4-7-2/h3H,1,4H2,2H3 InChIKey = QTDSKVOHJOFQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (methyl vinyl ketone equivalent used in Robinson annulation,1 and Diels–Alder,2 [2 + 2],3 and Michael addition4 reactions) Alternate Name: methoxymethyl vinyl ketone. Physical Data: bp 52 °C/30 mmHg. Solubility: sol dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether. Form Supplied in: generated in situ from 1,4-dimethoxy-2-butanone,5 which is in turn synthesized from 2-butyne-1,4-diol (widely available). Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR1a [(CDCl3, δ 3.43 (s, 3H, Me); 4.25 (s, 2H, CH2); 5.83 (dd, 1H, J = 1.7, 10 Hz, 4-H); 6.32 (dd, 1H, J = 1.7, 18 Hz, 4-H); 6.49 (dd, 1H, J = 10, 18 Hz, 3-H)] and GC. Preparative Methods: the precursor, 1,4-dimethoxy-2-butanone, is prepared5 by dimethylation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol, followed by oxidation with red Mercury(II) Oxide. In situ generation is possible either by acid-induced elimination using p-Toluenesulfonic Acid,1a base-induced elimination using ethanolic Potassium Hydroxide,1b or pyrolysis in the presence of sodium benzoate.6 Purification: distillation at reduced pressure. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the colorless liquid is best used immediately upon generation. This toxic reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
Gender and the Human: An Introduction

This forum offers critical perspectives on the intersection between gender and the politics of the human. The three articles that comprise it showcase dilemmas that have produced an impasse in feminist politics, as well as the possibilities that feminist analysis offers for rethinking the politics of humanity. The introduction traces the historical intertwining of gender and the human, beginning with the paradox of Enlightenment universalism and female exclusion that launched modern western feminism. It considers both the resilience of this dominant framework of feminist analysis and the limitations it has produced. By examining both the implications of the juridical focus on women's inclusion and rights, and the significance of gender and the body for new forms of modern state power particularly in colonial and post-colonial contexts, it seeks to sustain new feminist interrogations of the modern politics of the human.
"The Sphinx must solve her own riddle": Emerson, secrecy, and the self-reflexive method

This article offers a fresh approach to the religious thought of Ralph Waldo Emerson, exploring (1) the particular conception of secrecy in connection with which he understands the human spiritual predicament and (2) his response to this predicament by means of a self-reflexive turn in his writing-a procedure designed to undermine quests for truth elsewhere and so to restore the self to the wholeness implicit in its initial conditions. The operation of this method will be traced through a number of Emerson's major works, including the second "Nature" (from Essays: Second Series), "History," and the poem "The Sphinx." Along the way, Emerson's thought will be discussed in relation to the history of Emerson criticism, alternative views of secrecy in religion, and the theory and practice of religious nondualism, to which Emerson's intellectual project bears considerable resemblance.
Aggressive hepatic angiomyolipoma in a child.

Angiomyolipoma is a tumor of the kidney and more rarely the liver which histologically consists of smooth muscle cells, adipose cells, and abnormal blood vessels in varying proportions. This tumor is generally benign and resection is curative, but here we present the case of a 14 year old girl with an unusual primary hepatic angiomyolipoma that recurred following resection and behaved aggressively. Despite stabilization with a number of novel therapies, the child ultimately died of progressive disease.
Prima facie obligation

This paper presents a nonmonotonic deontic logic based on commonsense entailment. It establishes criteria a successful account of obligation should satisfy, and develops a theory that satisfies them. The theory includes two conditional notions of prima facie obligation. One is constitutive; the other is epistemic, and follows nonmonotonically from the constitutive notion. The paper defines unconditional notions of prima facie obligation in terms of the conditional notions.
Hyphenation of capillary separations with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The hyphenation of small-volume separations to information-rich detection offers the promise of unmatched analytical information on the components of complex mixtures. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides information about molecular structure, although sensitivity remains an issue for on-line NMR detection. This is especially true when hyphenating NMR to capillary separations as the observation time and analyte mass are decreased to the point where reduced information is obtained from the eluting analytes. Because of these limitations, advances in instrumental performance have a large impact on the overall performance of a separation-NMR system. Instrumental aspects and the capabilities of cLC-NMR, CEC-NMR and CE-NMR are reviewed, and applications that have used this technology highlighted. Recent trends towards small volume capillary scale separations are emphasized, as is the recent success of capillary-isotachophoresis (cITP)-NMR.
Unemployment and The Entitled Worker: Job-Entitlement and Radical Political Attitudes Among The Youthful Unemployed

This paper explores a tentative theory of an emerging culture of entitlement among young workers. Using a sample of predominantly college-educated, young, unemployed workers, I explore the new sources of entitlement-belief and examine the proposition that believing oneself to be entitled to a good job heightens dispositions toward radicalism among the unemployed. The findings show strong jobentitlement beliefs among these workers and support the notion that the highlyentitled worker is more likely to develop radical views of his or her unemployment. The findings also indicate a significantly broader bases of entitlement-belief, from its traditional legitimation by individualistic performance to a new universalistic ideology. “Universalistic” entitlement is overwhelmingly expressed by the less educated, working-class young and by a substantial majority of the more educated workers. “Individualistic” entitlement remains strong, however, among the educated workers. The potential of a radical movement's emerging among young, highlyentitled workers is discussed.
Mitral valve prolapse. Cross sectional and provocative M-mode echocardiography.

False-negative supine M-mode echocardiograms occur in some patients with proved mitral valve prolapse. To investigate further, we performed M-mode echocardiography (MME) during standing and after the inhalation of amyl nitrite in 17 patients (group 1) selected for auscultatory evidence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) but negative supine MME. To validate the standing MME technique, eight patients with classic auscultatory MVP with positive supine MME for MVP (group 2) and 15 control subjects (group 3) were studied. Supine cross-sectional echocardiography (CSE) was compared to MME in all three groups. Standing MME elicited echocardographic evidence of MVP in 14/17 (82 percent) of group 1—auscultatory evidence of MVP but negative supine MME; CSE demonstrated MVP in 8/13 (62 percent) of the same patients. There was no clear advantage of the CSE long axis view over the CSE apical four chamber view in the diagnosis of MVP in these selected subjects; however, the two views were complementary. Amyl nitrite was ineffective in eliciting echocardiographic evidence of MVP.