cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preferences for Nonrepresentational Drawings by Navaho and other Children

Children (N = 320) who were mostly 11 and 12 years old and from four different cultures-the Navaho Indian, suburban U.S., Israeli, and Costa Rican-selected preferred pictures. Two of five pictures were chosen from 32 different picture arrays in which all pictures were nonrepresentational drawings. Navaho and suburban children also picked the best and the least-liked pictures across all arrays. Preferences among cultural groups were discriminated by three scales scoring picture attributes of High Quality, Low Action, and Uniqueness. The Navaho girls produced the most extreme scores on each of the scales with most High Quality and Low Action choices and fewest Unique choices. It was concluded that (a) as a group the Navaho girls already conformed to the stereotype that adult Navahos have conservative but superior esthetic preferences, (b) sex differences that are of only borderline significance within a culture may still be important in cross-cultural comparisons, and (c) the overall best-liked pictures for...
Tissue Distribution, Ontogeny, and Regulation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (Aldh) Enzymes mRNA by Prototypical Microsomal Enzyme Inducers in Mice

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (Aldhs) are a group of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide spectrum of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Tissue distribution and developmental changes in the expression of the messenger RNA (mRNA) of 15 Aldh enzymes were quantified in male and female mice tissues using the branched DNA signal amplification assay. Furthermore, the regulation of the mRNA expression of Aldhs by 15 typical microsomal enzyme inducers (MEIs) was studied. Aldh1a1 mRNA expression was highest in ovary; 1a2 in testis; 1a3 in placenta; 1a7 in lung; 1b1 in small intestine; 2 in liver; 3a1 in stomach; 3a2 and 3b1 expression was ubiquitous; 4a1, 6a1, 7a1, and 8a1 in liver and kidney; 9a1 in liver, kidney, and small intestine; and 18a1 in ovary and small intestine. mRNAs of different Aldh enzymes were detected at lower levels in fetuses than adult mice and gradually increased after birth to reach adult levels between 15 and 45 days of age, when the gender difference began to appear. Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands induced the liver mRNA expression of Aldh1a7, 1b1, and 3a1, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activators induced Aldh1a1 and 1a7, whereas pregnane X receptor (PXR) ligands and NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators induced Aldh1a1, 1a7, and 1b1. Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) ligands induced the mRNA expression in liver of almost all Aldhs. The Aldh organ-specific distribution may be important in elucidating their role in metabolism, elimination, and organ-specific toxicity of xenobiotics. Finally, in contrast to other phase-I metabolic enzymes such as CYP450 enzymes, Aldh mRNA expression seems to be generally insensitive to typical microsomal inducers except PPAR alpha ligands.
Teens’ vulnerability to substance use disorder: Excess reward or deficient inhibition?

Aims: Abused drugs activate dopaminergic (DA) “reward” regions (dorsal and ventral striatum, midbrain), promoting further drug-taking. While adverse effects lead most adolescents to limit risky drug use, some with genetic vulnerabilities to substance use disorders (SUD) and conduct problems, undeterred by risks, press on, developing SUD. We asked: (1) is the enhanced vulnerability of those youths mediated by excess reward-system activity, or by deficient inhibition of risky behaviors; (2) do those mechanisms differ by gender? Methods: Our fMRI analyses of 41 adolescent patients with severe SUD and conduct problems (20 males) and 40 comparison youths (20 males) continue. In each of 90 risky-decision trials youths decided between pressing a cautious button to earn 1 cent, or a risky one that either won 5 or lost 10 cents. Riskypress “win” odds gradually fell from 0.78 to 0.22. We analyzed brain activity during 4-sec pre-response deliberations with voxel-level and cluster-level FWE correction before risky, and separately before cautious, presses. Results: Making cautious responses required inhibiting the more-rewarded risky ones; to do so, bothmale and female comparison youths significantly activated frontopolar, temporal, parietal, or cerebellar regions, or DLPFC, more than patients; the regions differed by gender. No group activated DA regions before cautious responses. Before risky responses all four groups showed reward anticipation, activating DA regions. Comparison boys activatedmanymore, andcomparisongirlsmany fewer,DAvoxels than patients, but those differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Patients’ DA regions did not differ significantly from comparison youths’ at the power available here. Before cautious responses comparison youths more than patients activated other regions that may sustain cautious decisions despite temptations (e.g., drug availability, peer pressure). Those control-related regions may underlie patients’ and healthy youths’ differing vulnerabilities to SUD. Financial support: NIDA DA 011015; Kane Family Foundation.
Phonon Confinement in Germanium Nanowires

Raman spectra for different size Ge nanowires were measured with different excitation laser powers and wavelengths. By eliminating the heating of the sample under illumination, the phonon confinement effect for small size nanowires was clearly identified.
What Is Bayesian Statistics

In almost every field of human activity, people use data to further their learning and to guide decision-making and action. The following steps, paraphrased from Berry, have been described as “the scientific method.” However, they are equally appropriate for use by a biologist seeking to better understand the behavior of monarch butterflies, the marketing director of a grocery store chain determining where to open a new store, or a new university graduate deciding whether to accept a particular job offer.
A tensor artificial viscosity for SPH

A tensor generalization of the Monaghan-Gingold artificial viscosity for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is formulated. We also develop a new limiter to restrict the effects of the artificial viscosity to the direction of shock travel, while maintaining enough of the artificial viscous dissipation to keep the SPH technique stable. We present a series of test problems comparing the new viscosity formalism with the standard method for fluid flows in two and three dimensions, such as shearing systems undergoing shocks. We also present tests of the conservation and transport of angular momentum, since total angular momentum conservation is not guaranteed with the new viscosity formalism.
The Intergovernmental Politics of Internet Sales Taxation in the United States

This article examines the moratorium on Internet sales taxation in the U.S. through perspectives of federalism and intergovernmental relations. First, it provides a brief overview of the literature describing contemporary theories of federalism and intergovernmental relations in the U.S. Second, it describes the efforts of U.S. governors to shape federal policy on the issue with a specific focus on the lobbying efforts of the National Governors Association to repeal the Internet sales tax moratorium. Finally, the paper describes the states' attempts to devise an interstate compact designed to streamline state tax policy across the states with the goal of developing a mechanism to allow states to collect Internet sales taxes outside the purview of Congressional control. Arguing that the relatively recent development of e-commerce and the associated politics have allowed a unique relationship between the state and federal governments to emerge, the paper concludes with a discussion of the possible implications for state/federal relations in the area of e-commerce in the future.
International migration, migrant stock, and remittances: Reexamining the motivations to remit

Abstract This paper empirically examines the factors causing the recently increased flow of workers’ remittances to developing countries. The main question we seek to answer is whether these increased remittances are the result of increased amounts sent by existing migrants (intensive margin) or the result of more migration (extensive margin). Thus, this paper reexamines the hypotheses concerning motivations to remit. Using a large data set on migrant stock and remittances we show that home income contractions do not appear to induce existing migrants to send more remittances. Thus our results do not support the pure altruism hypothesis concerning workers’ remittances, according to which migrants send more remittances when their home country's relative income declines. However, our results indicate that the flow of remittances increases in response to income shocks at home which cause people to migrate to earn a higher income abroad.
Assessing the quality of pain care in ambulatory patients with advanced stage cancer

Abstract Context Pain is common among patients with advanced cancer despite the dissemination of clinical pain care guidelines. Objectives We sought to assess the quality of pain care among patients with advanced disease. Methods We reviewed the records of 85 adult ambulatory patients with advanced breast, lung, and gastrointestinal cancer treated in 2004–2006. Patients' screening pain intensity scores were at least 7 of 10. Nurse reviewers completed medical record reviews of care rendered at the index visit and over the subsequent 30 days based on the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network pain guideline. An expert panel then rated the quality of the evaluation, treatment, and overall pain care. We used a multivariable model to analyze guideline compliance and resolution of severe pain. Results Among advanced cancer patients with severe pain, clinicians adjusted pain medications only half the time and made few timely referrals for pain-related consultations. By 30 days after the index visit, 34% of patients continued to report severe pain. The expert panel judged the overall quality of pain care as "fair" or "poor" in about two-thirds of cases because more timely and effective intervention could have reduced the severity and duration of pain. Resolution of severe pain was associated with adjustment of pain medications at the index visit (adjusted odds ratio 3.8, 95% CI 1.3–10.6). Conclusion There is room for improvement in the pain care of patients with advanced cancer. Additional research is needed to understand the reasons for poor performance.
Investigation of Three-Dimensional Flowfield at the Exit of a Turbine Nozzle

The objective of the research reported in this article is to gain a detailed understanding of the flowfield at the exit of turbine nozzles. The flowfield was measured at two axial locations downstream of the nozzle of a single-stage turbine with a miniature five-hole probe. An area traverse was carried out to resolve the flowfield accurately, including the nozzle wake, secondary flow region, horseshoe vortex, and losses. All three components of the velocity, stagnation pressure, static pressure, and pitch and yaw angles have been resolved accurately. A distinct vortex core has been observed near the tip and at the hub. The indications are that the horseshoe vortex and the passage vortex have merged to produce a single-loss core region. Roughly, a third of the blade height passage near the tip and a third of the blade height near the hub is dominated by secondary flow phenomena. Only the middle third of the nozzle behaves according to design. The nozzle wake decay is compared to the wake decay of other blades. The nozzle wake decays much faster than a compressor cascade wake, an annular turbine nozzle cascade wake, or a turbine nozzle wake with a large rotor-stator spacing. This faster decay is attributed to effect of the downstream rotor at very small rotor-stator spacing (20% of nozzle axial chord). These and other data are presented, interpreted, and synthesized to understand the nozzle flowfield.
Accelerated Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Lupus Mouse Models

Abstract The accelerated development of atherosclerosis with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is not well understood. An appropriate mouse model would greatly help to understand the mechanisms of this association. We have therefore combined the ApoE−/− model of atherosclerosis with three different murine models of SLE. We found that induction of cGVH in B6.ApoE−/− mice, breeding a Fas null gene onto the B6.ApoE−/− mice, and breeding the ApoE−/− defect onto MRL/lpr mice all caused a modest increase of atherosclerosis at 24 weeks of age compared to B6.ApoE−/− controls. B cells in B6.ApoE−/− mice had certain phenotypic differences compared to congenic C57BL/6 mice, as indicated by high expression of MHC II, Fas, CD86, and by increased number of cells bearing marginal zone phenotype. Furthermore, B6ApoE−/− mice had significant titers of anti-oxLDL and anti-cardiolipin autoantibodies compared to their B6 counterparts. Our studies also indicate that, following induction of cGVH, marginal zone B cells in B6.ApoE−/− are depleted, and there is considerable increase in anti-oxLDL and anti-cardiolipin abs along with secretion of lupus-specific autoantibodies, such as anti-dsDNA and anti-chromatin abs. Histological sections showed that cGVH and/or Fas deficiency could exacerbate atherosclerosis. The production of anti-oxLDL and anti-cardiolipin in ApoE−/− mice was also increased. These observations define a connection between induction of lupus-like symptoms and development of severe atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient lupus mouse models.
Effect of β-adrenergic stimulation on the QRS duration of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram

Isoproterenol, a [3-adrenergic agonist, shortens ventricular effective refractory period and may facilitate the induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by programmed electrical stimulation. 1 Isoproterenol has also been shown to enhance the voltage-sensitive sodium current in rabbit cardiac myocytes. 2 In both dissociated rabbit cardiac myocytes and isolated rabbit hearts, isoproterenol reverses blockade of the sodium channel by lidocaine. 3 Because the sodium current is a major determinant of conduction Velocity, it stands to reason that [3-adrenergic stimulation could enhance conduction in the myocardium. This supposition may be important in helping to explain both the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and the variable effects of antiarrhythmic therapy in patients. The QRS duration may be used as an indicator of conduction in the ventricle. We used the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) to measure QRS duration in this study to test the hypothesis that isoproterenol shortens QRS duration in human beings. Seven randomly selected patients who were undergoing an electrophysiology (EP) study for various clinical indications were included. The study was approved by the University of Iowa Committee on Human Subjects Research, and all patients gave written informed consent. At the time of the initial EP study, two quadripolar electrode catheters were percutaneously inserted into a femoral vein and advanced to the right ventricular apex and to the His bundle position under fluoroscopic guid-
Hierarchical models of plasticity: dislocation nucleation and interaction

One avenue being pursued in the development of dislocation-based models of plasticity is the explicit simulation of the dynamics of dislocations, based on the recognition that such dislocations are the carriers of plasticity. The construction of models of dislocation dynamics requires insights into both the nucleation and interaction of dislocations, many of the details of which fall outside the domain of validity of the linear theory of elasticity. The aim of the present paper is to show how preliminary steps have been made to elucidate the mechanisms of dislocation nucleation and interaction, and to illustrate how such information can be imported into explicit models of dislocation dynamics. This effort reflects, in part, the research program of Gilles Canova, to whom the present volume is dedicated and to whom the authors dedicate this paper.
Termination at sTop2

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Fachinetti et al. provide the first comprehensive map of replication termination sites (TERs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fachinetti et al., 2010). Strikingly, the majority of TERs are occupied by topoisomerase 2, which shields these regions against genomic instability.
The Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) Studies

The Childrens Cancer Group has undertaken studies using chemotherapy for osteosarcoma since 1976. These trials were based on the premise that the progression-free survival of patients with high-grade osteosarcoma was 25% or less when adjuvant chemotherapy was not used. Thus, randomized trials assessing the overall role of adjuvant chemotherapy were not undertaken: instead, the thrust of the CCG studies was an attempt to improve chemotherapy by evaluating new ways to administer the therapy or by evaluating new strategies to treat the disease.
Social determinants of oral health and disease in U.S. men

Abstract Oral diseases are among the most prevalent chronic diseases in the United States (U.S.), disproportionately affect males, and exhibit profound disparities among socioeconomic and ethnic groups. The potentially modifiable proximal risk factors for these diseases are relatively small in number though difficult to modify at the individual level, and largely are the same as those associated with increased risk for the major chronic diseases affecting Americans. This paper gives a brief overview of disparities in oral health in the U.S., presents a conceptual model of social determinants involved in one of the most common oral diseases, and discusses the implications of a social determinant perspective for oral health policy and research.
Toyota v. Williams: determining disability under the ADA.

In Toyota v. Williams, the Supreme Court narrowed the interpretation of when impaired manual skills can be considered to be a “substantial limitation” of a “major life activity” under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The Court concluded that it is insufficient to demonstrate impairment only at occupation-specific tasks. Claimants must demonstrate permanent or long-term impairment in ability to perform “activities that are of central importance to most people’s daily lives.”
Studies of Peroxide Curing of cis-1,4-Polyisoprene/Diallyl Phthalate Blends by Spectroscopic Techniques

Abstract Peroxide curing of cis-1,4-polyisoprene/diallyl phthalate blends was studied by the analytical techniques of equilibrium swelling, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Although the overall curing kinetics are controlled by the peroxide decomposition rate, the addition of a coagent into the rubber matrix catalyzes the curing reactions. The increase in peroxide and coagent concentrations in the blend results in a decrease in T2 relaxation times, which is caused by restricted segmental mobility due to the increase in crosslink density. It is suggested that phase separated coagent domains are chemically bound with the rubber matrix, providing the decrease in segmental mobility.
1023 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF VAGINAL AMNIOTIC FLUID L/S RATIO IN PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES

Use of the L/S ratio in management of pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is well documented. Samples are usually obtained by amniocentesis, but there are complications and limitations to that approach. The availability of amniotic fluid per vaginum with PROM suggests attention be given to vaginal fluid determinations. Specimens collected by protocol were obtained from 25 women with pregnancies ranging from 29 to 36 weeks, PROM, and no other complications. All infants were managed in our ICN and pulmonary diagnosis was rigidly defined. Twenty-three infants with L/S ratios from 1.3 to 5.8 had no respiratory problems. Two infants, both of 32 weeks gestational age, developed respiratory difficulties: 1 with L/S ratio of 1.1 had RDS, and 1 with L/S ratio of 2.4 had aspiration pneumonitis. Of 23 cases with no respiratory problems, 2 L/S ratios were immature (1.3 and 1.4) and 5 were transitional (1.6 to 1.9). No infants had signs of sepsis. This range of results is comparable to studies reporting samples obtained by amniocentesis. Our study to date suggests that vaginally obtained amniotic fluid for L/S determination has predictive value for neonatal pulmonary maturity and is useful in the management of PROM.
Assessing Men's Social-Sexual Effectiveness: A Self-Report Instrument:

The development of a brief self-report scale of men's social effectiveness in the areas of dating and sexual relating is described. For a college sample, the 14-item Likert scale showed adequate in...
In vitro tests for distinguishing possible immune-mediated aplastic anemia from transfusion-induced sensitization

Forty-two patients with aplastic anemia (AA) were studied to determine whether or not transfusion-induced sensitization is responsible for the in vitro inhibition by patient lymphocytes of HLA-identical erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E). The results indicate that lymphocytes from 12 of 34 transfused patients inhibited normal colony growth. In contrast, lymphocytes from none of the 8 untransfused patients demonstrated inhibition. These data were interpreted to mean that coculture studies would not be useful for identifying immune-mediated AA in transfused patients. Therefore, in order to identify possible immune-related AA, we assayed BFU-E from patient blood before and after T-cell depletion. In all 32 patients studied, BFU-E failed to grow from peripheral blood cells before T-cell depletion, but in 8 cases, normal- appearing BFU-E grew after T cells had been removed. Growth of patient BFU-E colonies was inhibited in 6 cases when patient T cells were added back to the culture, indicating that in these 6 patients, an “autoimmune” mechanism may have been present.
The History Written on the Body: Photography, History and Memory in Pynchon's Vineland

When, near the middle of Vineland, DL and Takeshi open their "karmic adjustment" office in the Thanatoid Village, DL, looking out the window at the residents of their new hideaway, comments.
Transparent bionanocomposite films based on chitosan and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties

The development of biobased active films for use in food packaging is increasing due to low cost, environmental appeal, renewability and availability. The objective of this research was to develop an effective and complete green approach for the production of bionanocomposite films with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. This was accomplished by incorporating TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) into a chitosan matrix. An aqueous suspension of chitosan (100-75wt%), sorbitol (25wt%) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TEMPO-CNFs, 0-25wt%) were cast in an oven at 40°C for 2-4days. Films were preconditioned at 25°C and 50% RH for characterization. The surface morphology of the films was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thermal properties and crystal structure of the films were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Incorporation of TEMPO-CNFs enhanced the mechanical strength of the films due to the high aspect ratio (3-20nm width, and 10-100nm length) of TEMPO-CNFs and strong interactions with the chitosan matrix. Oxygen and water vapor transmission rates for films that are prepared with chitosan and TEMPO-CNFs (15-25wt%) were significantly reduced. Furthermore, these bionanocomposite films had good thermal stability. Use of TEMPO-CNFs in this method makes it possible to produce bionanocomposite films that are flexible, transparent, and thus have potential in food packaging applications.
Data systems for the Linac Coherent Light Source

The data acquisition and data management systems for X-ray free-electron laser experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source are described. These systems are designed to acquire and to reliably transport shot-by-shot data at a peak throughput of 5 GB s−1 to the offline data storage, where experimental data and the relevant metadata are archived and made available for user analysis. A case study of a serial femtosecond crystallography pipeline is presented.
Connecting student information resource uses to learning outcomes in guided discovery-based game design

This research study investigates middle school and high school students’ use of a wiki-based learning management system as a coordinating representation in the context of their guided discovery-based game design work. The study aims to (a) consider/validate the quality of Google Analytics page read data as a source of insight for research; (b) describe activity patterns; (c) investigate possible relationships between measured activity patterns and student learning outcomes; and (d) consider implications for practice, such as enhanced teacher training, program improvements, and even development of LMS information system diagnostic tools. Findings indicate positive relationships between resource uses and game quality outcome scores (a measure of student knowledge-building), across as several LMS curriculum page types including social media pages (Profile pages and Team pages) and information resource pages (Intro, Unit 3, and Actionscript tutorials). The research supports effectiveness of guided discovery-based learning in supporting knowledge-building, and holds local pragmatic implications for optimization of the e-learning system under investigation, as well as methodological and theoretical implications for the bridging fields of information and learning sciences.
Blood as a Vehicle for the Spread of AIDS

The dissemination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by transfusion of blood, fresh-frozen plasma, and plasma used for concentrate preparation is described in this chapter. HIV-positive blood donors infected the national blood supply beginning in 1978, but it was not until Mar. 1983 that members of high-risk groups for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were discouraged from donating blood. Blood bankers resisted using questionnaires and laboratory tests for donor screening because they did not want to alienate donors and increase costs. People needing transfusions became concerned about the risk of getting AIDS and requested “directed” donations, whereby the potential recipient would request blood only from designated donors; however, this was often impractical and potentially unsafe. A major step forward was the introduction of the HIV antibody test in 1984. This test could detect HIV in donor blood and confirmed that transfusion of HIV-infected blood induced AIDS in recipients. It was not until Jul. 1985 that routine HIV screening was instituted by blood collection agencies.
Bone Metastases from Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid cancer incidence has been increasing for decades in the United States. There are known risk factors for thyroid cancer including female gender, advancing age, family history, and radiation exposure, but none of these has fully explain the changing pattern of this disease over such a short period of time. Much of the rise has been attributed to increased medical surveillance, diagnostic imaging, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, but this probably does not explain the entire observed upsurge. With increased evaluation of patients in an asymptomatic stage, it might be expected that the highest rate of increase would be seen in tumors 4 cm among men and women and for distant metastases among men. The more frequent diagnosis of late-stage disease has led to the rising occurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and bone metastases, even as the initial presentation of disease. It is suspected that a combination of environmental factors, iodine deficiency, and genetic factors (i.e.: BRAF mutations) may explain the rising incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer, particularly more aggressive, late-stage disease.
“A Run-in with the Cops Is Really Few and Far Between”: Negative Evidence and Ethnographic Understanding of Racial Discrimination by Police

ABSTRACTStatistics show that blacks are subjected to disproportionately more policing than whites, and more often interpret their encounters with police as affected by racial discrimination. The ethnographic evidence supports the numbers, but this body of work, I suggest, has been too focused on blacks’ experiences with prejudicial policing. A fruitful but largely unexplored way to advance the ethnographic study of police discrimination is to collect and analyze data from the group receiving preferential treatment from officers: whites. In practice, this often involves collecting and analyzing nonevents, such as not being stopped by police. This article’s purpose is to outline and illustrate the benefits and difficulties of such research by drawing on Lewis and Lewis’s 1980 typology of “negative evidence” and findings from my study of 30 white drug dealers.
Tight binding of heme to Staphylococcus aureus IsdG and IsdI precludes design of a competitive inhibitor

The micromolar equilibrium constants for heme dissociation from IsdG and IsdI reported in the literature call into question whether these enzymes are actually members of the iron-regulated surface determinant system of Staphylococcus aureus, which harvests heme iron from a host during infection. In order to address this question, the heme dissociation constants for IsdG and IsdI were reevaluated using three approaches. The heme dissociation equilibrium constants were measured using a UV/Vis absorption-detected assay analyzed with an assumption-free model, and using a newly developed fluorescence-detected assay. The heme dissociation rate constants were estimated using apomyoglobin competition assays. Analyses of the UV/Vis absorption data revealed a critical flaw in the previous measurements; heme is 99.9% protein-bound at the micromolar concentrations needed for UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, which renders accurate equilibrium constant measurement nearly impossible. However, fluorescence can be measured for more dilute samples, and analyses of these data resulted in dissociation equilibrium constants of 1.4 ± 0.6 nM and 12.9 ± 1.3 nM for IsdG and IsdI, respectively. Analyses of the kinetic data obtained from apomyoglobin competition assays estimated heme dissociation rate constants of 0.022 ± 0.002 s-1 for IsdG and 0.092 ± 0.008 s-1 for IsdI. Based upon these data, and what is known regarding the post-translational regulation of IsdG and IsdI, it is proposed that only IsdG is a member of the heme iron acquisition pathway and IsdI regulates heme homeostasis. Furthermore, the nanomolar dissociation constants mean that heme is bound tightly by IsdG and indicates that competitive inhibition of this protein will be difficult. Instead, uncompetitive inhibition based upon a detailed understanding of enzyme mechanism is a more promising antibiotic development strategy.
Microarray analysis of aging-associated immune system alterations in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of F344 rats

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is an area of the brain stem that contains diverse neural substrates that are involved in systems critical for physiological function. There is evidence tha...
Intergenerational and Familial Influences on Mental Illness in Rural Settings and Their Relevance for School Mental Health

Little direct research has examined intergenerational familial mental health variables in relation to school-based mental health services in rural communities. However, theory and empirical findings suggest they are critically important to consider. In an effort to guide practice and future research in this area, we describe Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model of behavior to contextualize the importance of the family and other environmental variables in the understanding of student mental health concerns. The literature on the relationships between student mental health and family variables as well as their relationships with school-based mental health services, particularly in rural environments, is reviewed. We describe a model of investigation and integrate original findings from a contextual examination of depression in a particular rural community, and discuss a school-based mental health clinic that serves that same community. Finally, evidence-based suggestions for working with students and families in the context of school-based mental health practice are offered.
Load consumption prediction utilizing historical weather data and climate change projections

The weather impact a major factor in operation of power systems. From the long-term planning perspective, it is not enough to predict whether impacts caused by short-term changes in the atmosphere but one also needs to account for the impact of long-term climate change as well. This paper demonstrates how to utilize the historical weather data and climate change projections in a large (macro) geographical area to predict future load patterns in a relatively small (micro) geographical area. The results show that the impact of temperature rising can have either positive or negative impact on the load, and the deviations may be large depending on the projected climate change data.
Measurement of Internal Boundaries in Three-Dimensional Structures By Random Sectioning

It is shown, from a study of geometric probabilities, that the average number of intercepts per unit length of a random line drawn through a three-dimensional structure is exactly half the true ratio of surface to volume. Since the surfaces can be internal or external, the area of grain boundary or of the interface between any two constituents in a microstructure can be measured. Other metric relations are tabulated that may be of use in studies of the microstructure of polycrystalline, cellular, or particulate matter generally.
G244 How good are paediatric doctors in interpreting ecgs

Aim Conduct a survey among Yorkshire paediatric doctors and identify deficiencies in paediatric ECG interpretation skills and knowledge. Assess the need for a paediatric ECG e–module. Methods An online questionnaire was sent out to all Yorkshire Paediatric doctors. The questionnaire dealt with topics ranging from lead placements to common paediatric abnormalities in seperate sections. In each subsection, subjective questions relating to confidence in interpretation were followed by objective questions. Participants were also asked about the usefulness of a problem based ECG e-module and were asked to provide suggestions for topics to be included. Results Total numbers: None of the responders answered all the questions correctly. There were wide discrepancies between objective and subjective knowledge of several aspects of ECGs. Subjective interpretation of ECG axis scored the lowest with none of the level 1 doctors stating that they were confident; objective scores were better for this group at 21.8%. The highest scores in the objective section were for calculating rates (100% in the level 2 group). Only 69% of the level 1 doctors said they were confident in lead placement against 87% of the consultants. Level 1 doctors scored only 51% in objective questions dealing with lead placement. Confidence in interpretation of common ECG abnormalities was low with level 1 doctors at 5% and consultants at 36%.Objective scores scored better. ECGs on myocarditis, SVT and heart block scored better over pre-excitation, axis deviation and hypertrophy. ECG showing Q waves were correctly identified by only 3 responders. Only 34% of the responders identified QTC interval as abnormal. Responses were not always consistent with level of training and hade wide variations. 93% of doctors responded favourably to an e-module for paediatric ECGs.Frequent requests for topics included age related changes, neonatal ECGs, tachyarrythmias, axis and QT interval interpretation. Conclusions This survey revealed gaps and variations in ECG interpretation skills among paediatric doctors. Majority felt that an online problem based e-module on paediatric ECG interpretation would help in improving knowledge and confidence. This will be developed and uploaded to the e-learning for health care(ww.e-lfh.org.uk)website.
Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a significant number of deaths and disability annually. Most persons with moderate or severe TBI require services within a variety of settings, from the intensive care unit to the rehabilitation spectrum due to the natural history of the injury. A person with moderate-severe TBI may suffer from physical, cognitive, psychological, or spiritual impairments that create obstacles in each of these settings. The need for highly complex care places a major strain on resources within the Department of Defense, Veterans Health Administration, and civilian sector. Thus, coordinated care is required to create the best outcomes.
The Urology Match and Postinterview Communication.

Abstract Objective To understand the frequency and nature of postinterview communication as it relates to the rules and regulations of the American Urological Association Urology Residency Match, as well as the impact of such communication on the outcomes of the match. Methods An anonymous, electronic survey questionnaire was sent to all applicants to a single urology residency training program during the 2017 American Urological Association match cycle. The survey was administered 1 month after the release of match results and queried applicants regarding their experiences with postinterview communication. Results Of 231 surveys sent, 78 were returned completed for a 34% response rate. Among respondents, 47 (60%) reported receiving postinterview communication from at least one residency program, 20 (26%) were asked to reveal where they would be ranking a program on their rank list, and 15 (19%) reported that postinterview communication caused them to rank a program higher than initially planned, or to keep the program ranked at #1 if currently ranked there. Postinterview communication via telephone was associated with significantly increased odds of matching at the contacting program (odds ratio 20.0, 95% confidence interval 2.12-188.66, P = 0.003). Conclusion Postinterview communication between applicants and urology residency programs is prevalent, with numerous violations of the rules of the match. Prohibited communication may impact the rank lists of urology applicants.
Manipulating Membrane Fatty Acid Compositions of Soybean Plants

A system for altering the membrane fatty acid composition of cultured soybean cells by adding Tween-fatty acid esters to their growth medium has been recently described (4). Cells transferred large amounts of fatty acids from Tweens to all acylated lipids detected, resulting in major changes in membrane fatty acid composition. However, although this system seemed useful for a variety of studies related to membrane and lipid metabolism, its usefulness was limited by the requirement to work with cultured cells. This paper reports that Tween-fatty acid esters may also be used to modify the membrane fatty acid compositions of whole plants. Exogenous fatty acids supplied as Tweens were incorporated into membranes of both the tissues to which they were applied, and tissues elsewhere in the plant.
Creating and Contesting Boundaries: Exploring the Dynamics of Conflict and Classification

While it is clear that cultural boundaries shape the ways we think and act, the processes by which some emerge as dominant while others languish is less well understood. Drawing on a case study of a conflict among climbers, I show how an innovation's evolution from heresy to orthodoxy was shaped by the relationship between borders enacted by players on different sides of the issue. I argue that because boundaries emerge in an interactional nexus, the nature of the boundaries that prevail can only be understood in the context of prior boundaries through and against which they are created.
Caring for the Domus: On the Evolution of Ecopoetics in the West

This intimate non-fiction essay traces a lineage of Western ecopoetics and ecological thought to its ancient Roman origins by calling upon David Ferry’s inspired translations of Horace’s Odes , and reading them in light of the philosophical imperatives described by David Orr, Wendell Berry, and other important thinkers, in order to formulate an understanding of how the ongoing environmental crisis is ultimately a crisis of the human spirit. Through creating a linguistic mosaic of Horace’s didactic wisdom enmeshed with current sustainability dialogues and personal experience, the essay lays bare the connections and contingencies between poetry, virtue, sustainability, and ecological existence.
In Vivo Characterization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels with Thio-β Esters

Resorbable hydrogels have numerous potential applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery due to their highly tunable properties and soft tissue-like mechanical properties. The incorporation of esters into the backbone of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels has been used to develop libraries of hydrogels with tunable degradation rates. However, these synthetic strategies used to increase degradation rate often result in undesired changes in the hydrogel physical properties such as matrix modulus or swelling. In an effort to decouple degradation rate from other hydrogel properties, we inserted thio-β esters into the poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate backbone to introduce labile bonds without changing macromer molecular weight. This allowed the number of hydrolytically labile thio-β esters to be controlled through changing the ratios of this modified macromer to the original macromer without affecting network properties. The retention of hydrogel properties at different macromer ratios was confirmed by measuring gel fraction, swelling ratio, and compressive modulus. The tunable degradation profiles were characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Following confirmation of cytocompatibility after exposure to the hydrogel degradation products, the in vivo host response was evaluated in comparison to medical grade silicone. Collectively, this work demonstrates the utility and tunability of these hydrolytically degradable hydrogels for a wide variety of tissue engineering applications.
Investigating a Quantitative Measure of Student Self-authorship for Undergraduate Medical Education:

Construct:In this study, the authors investigated the validity of a quantitative measure of self-authorship among medical students. Self-authorship is a cognitive-structural theory incorporating th...
Chapter 4 – Computer Clouds

Computer clouds have altered our thinking about computing and in this chapter, we first provide a down-to-earth view of the new paradigm and present the cloud delivery models. Next we discuss the hierarchical organization of the cloud infrastructure, consisting of multiple warehouse-scale computers. Cloud elasticity, the effects of over-provisioning on costs and energy consumption, and existing cloud resource management (CRM) policies and mechanisms for implementing these policies are analyzed. Alternative CRMs based on market mechanisms, such as auctions and server coalitions are then introduced. Combinatorial auctions allow access to packages of resources for applications with a complex workflow.
Vecindad, Tiradero, Metro: Espacios que apuestan a modernidades alternas

El desarrollo de la modernidad, expuesto por el critico Marshall Berman, sugiere que el elemento transformado debe producir experiencias humanas y materiales. La continua modernizacion no resulta exclusivamente del impulso humano, sino tambien de hechos catastroficos como el terremoto mexicano de 1985. Dicho terremoto encapsula un antes, un durante y un despues en la historia de espacios fisicos en el D.F. Desde esta perspectiva, se busca hacer evidente que procesos como el caos, el orden y la transformacion son elementos lineales que permiten la creacion de espacios modernos. De esta manera, las cronicas de los escritores mexicanos, Monsivais, Villoro y Guillermoprieto, permiten hacer evidente que espacios como la vecindad, el tiradero y el Metro son espacios modernos por albergar elementos lineales.
Passive stiffness characteristics and neutral zone quality of the scoliotic lumbar torso in the principle anatomical planes of motion.

Abstract Background The 1–10% prevalence rate of adult scoliosis frequently requires expensive therapy and surgical treatments and demands further research into the disease, especially with an aging population. Most studies examining the mechanics of scoliosis have focused on in vitro testing or computer simulations. This study quantitatively defined the passive stiffness properties of the in vivo scoliotic spine in three principle anatomical motions and identified differences relative to healthy controls. Methods Adult scoliosis (n = 14) and control (n = 17) participants with no history of spondylolisthesis, spinal fracture, or spinal surgery participated in three different tests (torso lateral side bending, torso axial rotation, and torso flexion/extension) that isolated mobility to the in vivo lumbar spine. The spinal stiffnesses and spinal neutral zone width were calculated. These parameters were statistically compared between factor of population and within factor of direction. Findings Torque-rotational displacement data were fit using a double sigmoid function, resulting an in excellent overall fit (Avg. R2 = 0.95). There was a significant interaction effect between populations when comparing axial twist neutral zone width vs. lateral bend neutral zone width and axial twist stiffness vs. lateral bend stiffness. The axial twist neutral zone width magnitude was significantly larger in scoliosis patients. Interpretation The present study is the first investigation to quantify the whole trunk neutral zone of the scoliotic lumbar spine. Future research is needed to determine if lumbar spine mechanical characteristics can help explain progression of scoliosis and complement scoliosis classification systems.
Modeling the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 immunity waning, antigenic drifting, and population serology patterns

The authors have withdrawn this manuscript for the following reason. Upon following their strategy for making valid decisions, they found that making the escape from immunity steps in the model more biologically realistic, the model behavior changed so significantly that the first version of the model was no longer valid. Specifically, the old version misdirected drifting toward instead of away from immunity. The authors intend to upload a new version of their manuscript in the coming weeks. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Advances in integrative structural biology: Towards understanding protein complexes in their cellular context

Abstract Microorganisms rely on protein interactions to transmit signals, react to stimuli, and grow. One of the best ways to understand these protein interactions is through structural characterization. However, in the past, structural knowledge was limited to stable, high-affinity complexes that could be crystallized. Recent developments in structural biology have revolutionized how protein interactions are characterized. The combination of multiple techniques, known as integrative structural biology, has provided insight into how large protein complexes interact in their native environment. In this mini-review, we describe the past, present, and potential future of integrative structural biology as a tool for characterizing protein interactions in their cellular context.
Biomass logistics: Mythistory and sociotechnical imaginary in trans-Atlantic wood pellet assemblage:

The paper focuses on the role of mythistory and the sociotechnical imaginary in stabilizing the links of a particular biomass supply chain running from the forests of Georgia in the US Southeast to...