cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wavelets and molecular structure.

The wavelet method offers possibilities for display, editing, and topological comparison of proteins at a user-specified level of detail. Wavelets are a mathematical tool that first found application in signal processing. The multiresolution analysis of a signal via wavelets provides a hierarchical series of ‘best’ lower-resolution approximations. B-spline ribbons model the protein fold, with one control point per residue. Wavelet analysis sets limits on the information required to define the winding of the backbone through space, suggesting a recognizable fold is generated from a number of points equal to 1/4 or less the number of residues. Wavelets applied to surfaces and volumes show promise in structure-based drug design.
LP-based flow rate control and modeling of capacity collapse propagation over long links

The main focus of this paper is to understand how congestion due to link failure propagates to successive links, and how well the network maintains system flow under abnormal conditions. We consider the multi-commodity flow problem, in which each commodity (origin-destination pair) uses k link-disjoint paths to satisfy flow rate demands. The congestion in the links is used to calculate the prices of the links which affect the cost of travelling. We solve minimum-cost linear-programming to control path flow rate routing decisions triggered by the changes in the cost coefficients. We conclude that efficient path flow rate re-routing in response to the congestion in the links could contribute significantly to network survivability1.
Polypharmacy akathisia and associated suicide attempts

We report a case of a 72-year-old gentleman who developed severe akathisia while on fluoxetine and neuroleptics in a setting of benzodiazepine withdrawal which was associated with a first-time violent suicide attempt. Depression 1:53–55 (1993) © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE BRIGHT ACCRETION RINGS ON MAGNETIC T TAURI STARS

We model the properties of bright rings on accreting classical T Tauri stars whose magnetospheres are tilted with respect to the axis of rotation. These rings have interesting geometries and azimuthal intensity profiles depending on β, the inclination angle of the dipole field, ξ, the ratio of the star's radius to the accretion radius, and , the ratio of the star's luminosity to the total ring luminosity. As the star rotates, the rings may be occulted periodically, and the apparent brightness of the star may vary as a function of time. With knowledge of i, the observer's inclination, it is possible to predict Δm, the amplitude of magnitude variations due to the occultation. Conversely, measurements of Δm and either i or can constrain the values of the other variables. To observe any variation i must be greater than zero. Stars viewed nearly pole-on (i ≈ 10°) must have β 50° to allow any significant variation. On the other hand, with i 60°, even a very small β ≈ 5° can produce a significant Δm. We find that stars that are as bright as their accretion rings ( ≈ 1) cannot produce variations greater than ≈ 0.8 mag; to observe 2 mag variations ≈ 0.1 is required, independently of i or β. We predict a distribution of Δm that is consistent with observed populations of T Tauri stars in the Orion Nebula and in the Taurus-Auriga Molecular Cloud.
First results from a dual photoelastic-modulator-based polarimetric camera

We report on the construction and calibration of a dual photoelastic-modulator (PEM)-based polarimetric camera operating at 660?nm. This camera is our first prototype for a multispectral system being developed for airborne and spaceborne remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols. The camera includes a dual-PEM assembly integrated into a three-element, low-polarization reflective telescope and provides both intensity and polarization imaging. A miniaturized focal-plane assembly consisting of spectral filters and patterned wire-grid polarizers provides wavelength and polarimetric selection. A custom push-broom detector array with specialized signal acquisition, readout, and processing electronics captures the radiometric and polarimetric information. Focal-plane polarizers at orientations of 0 degrees and -45 degrees yield the normalized Stokes parameters q=Q/I and u=U/I respectively, which are then coregistered to obtain degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and angle of linear polarization. Laboratory test data, calibration results, and outdoor imagery acquired with the camera are presented. The results show that, over a wide range of DOLP, our challenging objective of uncertainty within +/-0.005 has been achieved.
Telescope Structures: An Evolutionary Overview

A development history is presented for telescope structural support materials, design concepts, equatorial and altazimuthal orientational preferences, and mechanical control system structural realizations. In the course of 50 years after Galileo, the basic configurations of all reflecting telescopes was set for the subsequent 300 years: these were the Cassegrain, Gregorian, and Newtonian designs. The challenge of making a lightweight ribbed pyrex glass primary mirror for the 5-m Palomar telescope was met by von Karman's use of finite element analysis. Attention is given to the prospects for a 20-m deployable space-based reflecting telescope.
Metal Ion Dependent Binding of Sulphonamide to Carbonic Anhydrase

ACETAZOLAMIDE (2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulphonamide, ‘Diamox’) is the most potent known inhibitor of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase. This communication reports the direct demonstration that binding of acetazolamide to human carbonic anhydrase requires the presence of a metal ion at the active site and that binding depends on the species of divalent metal ion present. Zinc (II) and cobalt (II) ions are the only ions which induce the formation of very stable acetazolamide carbonic anhydrase complexes and are also the ions which most effectively catalyse the hydration of carbon dioxide and the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate. Metal-binding monodentate ions, CN−, HS−, OCN−, and N3−, known as effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, compete for the acetazolamide binding site of the zinc enzyme.
SU‐DD‐A3‐05: On‐Board SPECT: Localization Study Using Scanner‐Acquired Data

Purpose: In previous computer‐simulation studies we have shown that on‐board SPECTimaging is a promising approach to localizing biological structure. The purpose of this study is to investigate SPECT localization using scanner‐acquired data. Method and Materials: A torso phantom was filled with 0.75 Ci/ml of 99mTc. Five targets (A–E) of 6:1 activity ratio — diameters of 22 to 34mm — were positioned in phantom. SPECT data were acquired with one Trionix Triad detector. The product of activity and 1.5‐minute count time models a 4.5‐minute clinical scan. Ensembles of 10 images were reconstructed using MLEM for 3 detector trajectories: 360°, 180° left lateral, and 180° right lateral. Localization was assessed across the noisy ensembles using non‐prewhitening observers that were forced to select the most suspicious target location from a 3.6‐cm diameter search region centered on target. True centroids were derived from a 12‐hour SPECT scan that registered with CT to within l/3mm. Localization error was calculated as the distance between true and measured centroids. Significance was assessed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Mean localization errors for targets (A–E) are A) 0.80mm, B) 1.2mm, C) 1.9mm, D) 1.2mm, and E) 0.90mm using the 180° trajectory more proximal to each target. With the 360° trajectory, mean errors are A) 1.3mm, B) 1.3mm, C) 2.1mm, D) 2.2mm, and E) 1.5mm. Differences between the above 180° and 360° trajectories are significant (p < 0.05) at A, D, and E. Mean error is typically much worse using the more distal 180° trajectory: A) 4.5mm, B) 3.1mm, C) 2.8mm, D) 4.4mm, and E) 6.9mm. Conclusion: This study, using scanner‐acquired SPECT data, demonstrates mean localizations to within 1 or 2mm with 4.5‐minute scans. The study also shows that detector trajectory can substantially affect target localization and should be optimized for specific target sites.
Free radicals in l-arginine·HCl·H2O single crystals X-irradiated at 298 K-EPR, ENDOR and DFT studies

Abstract Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), Electron-Nuclear DOuble Resonance (ENDOR) and ENDOR Induced EPR (EIE) results indicated at least three radicals produced in l -arginine·HCl·H 2 O single crystals irradiated at 298 K. Radical RI dominated the central portion of the EPR spectra and was identified as the main-chain deamination radical, and Density Function Theory (DFT) calculations indicated that RI has protonated carboxyl group, (H 2 …OOC)ĊH(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(NH 2 ) 2 + , and the COOH protons are transferred from the hydrogen bonded amino group and guanidyl group in two different neighboring molecules. Radicals RII and RIII were identified respectively as the radicals dehydrogenated at C5, − (OOC)CH(NH 3 ) + (CH 2 ) 2 ĊHNHC(NH 2 ) 2 + , and at C2, − (OOC)Ċ(NH 3 ) + (CH 2 ) 3 NHC(NH 2 ) 2 + . Two conformations of RII were detected, denoted as RIIa and RIIb, and the conformational differences are mainly due to the different dihedral angles of the two β -protons bonded to C4, which were supported by the modeling calculations for RIIa and RIIb.
Twenty years of RNA: reflections on post-transcriptional regulation.

In retrospect, the establishment of the RNA journal 20 years ago came at a propitious time in the study of RNA biology. In the previous decade the discovery of catalytic RNA, and the variety of different RNA processing pathways required for synthesis of mature RNAs, had expanded our view of RNA from simply being a passive template for carrying the information in DNA for protein sequences to the ribosome for translation, to a much broader role in the cell. The concept of the RNA world had been embraced (at least by RNA biologists). The broad picture of much of RNA metabolism had been elucidated but the details of the complexities of gene expression implied by alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and the details of RNA metabolism, including RNA transport and RNA degradation still needed to be worked out. The decade of new discoveries prior to establishment of the RNA journal clearly showed the broad spectrum of problems remaining to be solved in both the structure and function of RNA.
A three dimensionally periodic, eleven coordinated, dense packing of symmetry equivalent spheres

Abstract Symmetry equivalent equal size spheres can be packed in an array filling 71.87% of space. Each sphere in this packing has eleven neighbors at unit distance. The density of this tetragonal close packing is second only to closest packing with twelve coordination. Anions in numerous compounds, including some which are solid electrolytes, arrange themselves in this pattern. It occurs among others in rutiles, β-BeO, Li4GeO4 and CaSO4.
Health counseling competencies needed by the minister.

The purpose of this study was to characterize current health counseling practices of the Church of Christ minister and to identify areas of needed health counseling competencies which should be addressed during professional preparation of the minister. The subjects who made up the sample for this study came from the population of active local ministers of the Churches of Christ who resided in the states of Arkansas, California, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas.
Evaluation of ultrasound diagnosis of fetal anomalies in women with pregestational diabetes: University of Florida experience.

Fetal congenital anomalies have become the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes. We evaluated the use of level II ultrasound in predicting congenital anomalies, to determine if the management of pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes would be altered by these findings. We examined 43 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. In this group, 10 newborns (23%) were diagnosed either at birth or later to have an abnormality. Of these, four (9%) were diagnosed by ultrasound. Of the seven cases that were undiagnosed, three women did not undergo the level II examination, two women had lesions undetectable by ultrasound, and in two women cardiac abnormalities were missed. Of the four congenital anomalies that were prenatally diagnosed, the findings influenced the management in three cases. The level 11 ultrasound used as a screening test had a 67% sensitivity and a 100% specificity, with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 91%. We conclude that high-resolution ultrasound may be used as a screening tool for congenital anomalies in the insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancy. This study also suggests that the use of fetal echocardiography with evaluation of aortic and pulmonary outflow tracts, the arch of the aorta, and ventricular size may be helpful in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac anomalies in the pregnant woman with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Dermatology's malpractice experience: Clinical settings for risk management

Background Dermatologists need objective information that will help them make rational risk management decisions. Objective We asked, "What can be learned from the limited sources available regarding the clinical situations associated with malpractice litigation against dermatologists?" Methods We searched 2 legal databases, one jury verdict and settlement reporter, and reviewed and analyzed a major report from an association of physician insurers. Results A wide variety of clinical circumstances give rise to malpractice claims. Melanoma is still associated with high risk, and common conditions are associated with relative claim frequency. The clinical details currently available do not encourage optimal responses to reports of malpractice cases. Conclusion Information that clinicians can use in their own risk management efforts can be derived from available sources, but more reliable objective data is needed.
Spectroscopic and kinetic studies of Arabidopsis thaliana sulfite oxidase: nature of the redox-active orbital and electronic structure contributions to catalysis.

Plant sulfite oxidase from Arabidopsis thaliana has been characterized both spectroscopically and kinetically. The enzyme is unusual in lacking the heme domain that is present in the otherwise highly homologous enzyme from vertebrate sources. In steady-state assays, the enzyme exhibits a pH maximum of 8.5 and is also found to function as a selenite oxidase. Sulfite at the lowest experimentally feasible concentrations reduces the enzyme within the dead-time of a stopped-flow instrument at 5 °C, indicating that the A. thaliana enzyme has a limiting rate constant for reduction, kred, at least 10 times greater than that of the chicken enzyme (190 s-1). The EPR parameters for the high- and low-pH forms of the A. thaliana enzyme have been determined, and the g-values are found to resemble those previously reported for the vertebrate enzymes. Finally, the A. thaliana enzyme has been probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy. A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectrum in the region where MoO stretching modes ar...
Renal artery stenosis modifies glomerular injury in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated disease.

A 68-year-old man presented with renal failure, heart failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, and a pulmonary infiltrate. Serologic evaluation revealed a perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) at a titer of 1:1280, which on immunoblot and enzyme immunoassay showed antimyeloperoxidase specificity. Autopsy showed microscopic polyarteritis based on the presence of necrotizing alveolitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis. The extent and activity of the glomerular disease was modified by a right renal artery stenosis (RAS). Twenty percent of glomeruli on the right and 82% glomeruli on the left contained crescentic lesions. Furthermore, predominately active lesions were associated with renal artery stenosis, while the contralateral kidney contained mostly organized crescents. This observation suggests that hemodynamic factors or its sequelae can influence the onset and severity of ANCA-associated disease.
The impact of uncertain yield on capacity acquisition in process plant networks

In this paper, we consider the case of process plant networks, which consolidate production of components. It is well known that such networks take advantage of process commonalities thereby accruing economies of scale advantages. It has also been shown in recent work that besides scale economies, process plant networks also enjoy risk-pooling advantages which are a direct outcome of network structure. In this research, motivated by real-world examples, we study capacity acquisition in a process plant network when demand and process yield are both uncertain. We show that the optimal capacity acquired in such situations may be considerably higher or lower than that acquired when yield is assumed perfect. We develop distribution-free policies for optimal capacity acquisition. We illustrate our results by means of a numerical example and study the sensitivity to important model parameters. For specific distributional assumptions we also provide closed-form results for the optimal capacity acquisition. We consider our work as perhaps the first to bridge the gap between operational level quality control studies and strategic level network configuration research. Overall, we believe that this paper opens up several avenues for future research integrating these two important areas.
Vibrotactile perception of segmental features of speech: a comparison of single-channel and multichannel instruments.

This experiment compared the recognition performance of artificially deafened listeners for segmental stimuli presented through a single-channel tactile device and through a 24-channel vocoder. Bot...
Concepts of value for marine recreational fishing.

fishing. The benefit-cost criterion is one guide for making these decisions. This paper focuses on procedures for estimating changes in marine recreational fishing benefits under resource management options. The theoretical basis for such estimation is clear and there are a number of good studies to guide the research. With benefit-cost analysis, it is appropriate to use the maximum willingness of users to pay to measure gains in benefits and minimum desired compensation to measure losses. Thus, when benefits exceed costs, it is possible for those who gain to compensate those who lose, such that no person is worse off and some are better off. These same concepts are applied to market goods such as commercially caught fish, thus making it possible to evaluate changes in benefits resulting from an option that reduces the commercial catch of salmon but increases the catch by sportsmen. The value of marine recreational fishing experiences depends heavily on their quality and location with respect to users and substitute opportunities. Management options are likely to influence the quality of opportunities in a particular area such as a bay or sound. Thus, it is not appropriate to estimate average values for an activity or a large geographic area, but rather values associated with a particular area. Willingness of users to pay is the appropriate measure of increase in benefits directly associated with an option (e.g., fishing benefits stemming from an increased stock of fish). Willingness to pay for recreation at an area is ordinarily approximated by an area under the demand curve for use of that area. This includes the actual user fees, if any, plus an approximation of the additional amount that consumers are willing to pay (consumers' surplus) rather than go without using the area. This approximation is likely to be satisfactory for recreation because extracting the full willingness to pay for each unit of the good from consumers would not raise expenditures sufficiently to shift the demand curve (i.e., there would be a small income effect). Willig provides formulas for identifying the error in that approximation.
Spatially efficient phase encoded PM-JTC

This paper presents a phase-modulated optoelectronic joint transfer correlator (PM-JTC) in which the reference image is phase encoded using a random phase function. The phase encoding is used to remove extraneous peaks from the correlation plane as well as improve the spatially efficiency of the JTC system. The reference images are phase encoded apriori making the system fast for real-time feedback. The optoelectronic PM-JTC is presented and analyzed as an effective optoelectronic correlator. The architecture of the proposed system is presented and a computer simulations of the systems are shown.
12 Limited social support or religious involvement as risk factors for colon cancer

Previous studies have established a relationship between lack of social ties and all-cause mortality, but few have examined cancer risk and or factors associated with disease-specific survival. This population-based case-control study examined the relationship between social support and religious involvement on stage of colon cancer at diagnosis.
Capturing Shared Mental Models: An Approach for Bona Fide Groups

Research on group cognition has shown positive associations between shared mental models and team performance. A variety of complex, quantitative methods have been used to elicit, represent and analyze shared mental models in groups. However, for bona fide groups to benefit from the positive outcomes from shared thinking, techniques are needed to capture, represent and understand their shared thinking that are easy to incorporate within their regular tasks and procedures. This article describes a qualitative method for eliciting and representing the shared mental models about the task and team interaction in a group of library managers. Findings are presented that show where there was similarity and divergence in the group’s thinking, and how that thinking changed over time. Research limitations of the technique are discussed along with ideas for groups to implement this method in practice.
Energy Propagation for Finite Amplitude Shear Waves

We consider a body of isotropic incompressible Cauchy elastic material to undergo a deformation. We describe the deformation in a fixed rectangular cartesian coordinate system x. Let ξ α be the coordinates in the system x of a generic particle of the body in the reference configuration and let x i be the coordinates of the same particle at time t.
Bortezomib therapy for nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic membranous nephropathy

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic membranous nephropathy is often resistant to glucocorticosteroids and requires an alkylating agent such as chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide to induce remission. Recent studies illustrate that antibodies against the autoantigen M-type phospholipase A2 receptor contribute to a vast majority but not all cases of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Herein, we report a patient with nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy that was resistant to 6 months of therapy with ramipril and high-dose glucocorticosteroids but responded to a single cycle of bortezomib infusion.
Flux Penetration in Cylindrical Superconducting Films. I. Spatially Constant Order Parameter

We calculate the effective penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in thin cylindrical films [$dl\ensuremath{\xi}(T)$, $\ensuremath{\Lambda}(T)$ where $\ensuremath{\xi}(T)$ and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}(T)$ are, respectively, the temperature-dependent coherence length and zero-field penetration depth and $d$ is the film thickness] for rf fields while the film is in an axial static field $H$ close to the tangential critical field ${H}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ for a second-order phase transition. We find ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\approx}[\frac{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{2}(T)}{d}][\frac{H_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{(H_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{H}^{2})}]$. In addition, we show that one may expect sizeable harmonic generation for static fields close to ${H}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ and for sufficiently thin films.
Human cytomegalovirus a sequence and UL144 variability in strains from infected children.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) displays genetic polymorphisms. This variability may contribute to strain-specific tissue tropism and disease expression in HCMV-infected humans. To determine strain variability in a sequence and UL144 gene regions, 51 low-passage isolates from 44 HCMV-infected children were studied. Isolates were obtained from 28 healthy children attending child care centers in Iowa and from 16 congenitally infected infants born in Texas. Isolates demonstrated substantial nucleotide variation in each gene region. Phylogenetic analysis of a sequence variability allowed 39 isolates to be grouped into six clades. The largest clade contained 16 isolates with ≥ 95% nucleotide homology. Forty-eight of the 49 HCMV isolates yielding UL144 amplicons was grouped according to the clades described a few years ago [Lurain et al. (1999) Journal of Virology 73:10040–10050]. No linkage was observed among a sequence, UL144, and glycoprotein B (gB; UL55) polymorphisms. Four Texas and 11 Iowa isolates displayed ≥ 95% sequence homology for a sequence and UL144 regions and possessed identical gB genotypes. No relationship between UL144 polymorphisms and outcome of congenital HCMV infection was observed. These data indicate that HCMV strains circulating among young children have UL144 polymorphisms similar to those of HCMV strains excreted by immunocompromised adults. Identification of conserved nucleotide sequences among Iowa and Texas children suggests genetic stability and biologic importance of these gene regions. J. Med. Virol. 65:90–96, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effect of defect cluster size and interpolation on radiographic image quality

For digital X-ray detectors, the need to control factory yield and cost invariably leads to the presence of some defective pixels. Recently, a standard procedure was developed to identify such pixels for industrial applications. However, no quality standards exist in medical or industrial imaging regarding the maximum allowable number and size of detector defects. While the answer may be application specific, the minimum requirement for any defect specification is that the diagnostic quality of the images be maintained. A more stringent criterion is to keep any changes in the images due to defects below the visual threshold. Two highly sensitive image simulation and evaluation methods were employed to specify the fraction of allowable defects as a function of defect cluster size in general radiography. First, the most critical situation of the defect being located in the center of the disease feature was explored using image simulation tools and a previously verified human observer model, incorporating a channelized Hotelling observer. Detectability index d' was obtained as a function of defect cluster size for three different disease features on clinical lung and extremity backgrounds. Second, four concentrations of defects of four different sizes were added to clinical images with subtle disease features and then interpolated. Twenty observers evaluated the images against the original on a single display using a 2-AFC method, which was highly sensitive to small changes in image detail. Based on a 50% just-noticeable difference, the fraction of allowed defects was specified vs. cluster size.
GENE TRANSFER INTO MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELL-DERIVED CARDIAC MYOCYTES MEDIATED BY RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUS

The main purpose of this study was to examine, for the first time, the ability of recombinant adenovirus to mediate gene transfer into cardiac myocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiating in vitro. In addition, observations were made on the effect of adenovirus infection on cardiac myocyte differentiation and contractility in this in vitro system of cardiogenesis. ES cell cultures were infected at various times of differentiation with a recombinant adenovirus vector (AdCMVlacZ) containing the bacterial lacZ gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Expression of the lacZ reporter gene was determined by histochemical staining for beta-galactosidase activity. LacZ expression was not detected in undifferentiated ES cells infected with AdCMVlacZ. In contrast, infection of differentiating ES cell cultures showed increasing transgene expression with continued time in culture. Expression in ES-cell-derived cardiac myocytes was demonstrated by codetection of beta-galactosidase activity and troponin T with indirect immunofluorescence. At 24 h postinfection, approximately 27% of the cardiac myocytes were beta-galactosidase positive, and lacZ gene expression appeared to be stable for up to 21 d postinfection. Adenovirus infection had no apparent effect on the onset, extent, or duration of spontaneously contracting ES-cell-derived cardiomyocytes, indicating that cardiac differentiation and contractile function were not significantly altered in the infected cultures. The demonstration of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into ES-cell-derived cardiac myocytes will aid studies of gene expression with this in vitro model of cardiogenesis and may facilitate future studies involving the use of these myocytes for grafting experiments in vivo.
Air cargo services in Asian industrialising economies: Electronics manufacturers and the strategic use of advanced producer services*

The use of advanced producer services is critical to manufacturing firms in industrialising economies, but most research on such services has been situated in wealthy post-industrial economies. We examine the use of one class of advanced producer services - those provided by the air cargo industry - by manufacturers in Southeast Asia. The air cargo industry has grown rapidly in this region and plays an increasingly important intra- and interregional integrative role. We are interested specifically in the demand for knowledge-intensive advanced air cargo services, which include for instance time-definite express services, by electronics manufacturers in Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. Employing several analytical approaches, we find that demand for advanced air cargo services is related to the degree to which a firm's operations are knowledge-intensive, its size, and the scope of its internationalisation.
Intersyngenic variations in the esterases and acid phosphatases of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

The esterase and acid phosphatase isozymes were surveyed in strains of syngens 2–12 under conditions found to be optimal for syngen 1. Both intersyngenic and intrasyngenic variations were found. Comparisons of the esterases suggest that homologous enzymes are present in certain syngens and that some ordering of the variations with respect to syngen differences is possible. The acid phosphatases are highly polymorphic in different strains even within a syngen, and the variations cannot be ordered with respect to syngen differences. These results are discussed in terms of other types of studies directed at assessing syngen relationships and in terms of the sources of variation. It was concluded that only characters less vulnerable to intraclonal variation will be capable of revealing syngen relationships.
Thermal Properties of Green Roof Media During Plant Establishment and Growth

In order to ascertain the efficiency benefits of green roofs for buildings, a thermodynamic model must be created for the green roof. This work focuses on the thermal properties (conductivity and specific heat capacity) of several media and how they are affected by root growth within them. The results of this research will be used in creating more accurate thermodynamic green roof models. For this experiment, three repetitions of 16 different planting/media combinations were used to monitor the changing thermal properties of the media with environment changes; a focus being on root growth. This experiment shows that the conductance is probably affected by root propagation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Experimental Coliform (Aerobacter Aerogenes) Mastitis: Distribution of Whey Proteins During the Early Acute Phase

Summary Two trials involving inoculation of lactating quarters of one cow with large numbers of Aerobacter aerogenes are described. Only a mild reaction occurred following the first inoculation. Acute mastitis was produced in the second, with agalactia resulting in all quarters by the fourth milking after exposure. All glands returned to full normal production by 2 wk. In both trials, evidence of increased permeability between blood and milk (increased pH, chlorides, serum albumin, and immune globulin) took place within 3 hr. Serum albumin declined rapidly to normal levels, but the immune globulin fraction remained elevated. Following the period of agalactia, a protein here designated X , with a paper electrophoretic mobility intermediate between α -lactalbumin and immune globulin, appeared. The X protein ultimately completely masked α -lactalbumin and comprised as much as 50% of the total whey protein. It disappeared from whey after the glands returned to full milk production. A similar protein was also found in wheys obtained from cows early in the dry phase of lactation. It did not appear to have the paper electrophoretic mobility of any of the major electrophoretic components of blood or milk. It was postulated the X protein was of cellular origin.
Phosphatidylseryl-transfer RNA in Bacillus licheniformis749C

Abstract Phosphatidylserine has been found in extracts of Bacillus licheniformis made under alkaline conditions but not under neutral or acidic ones and was derived from the tRNA fraction. In tRNA preparations kept below neutrality during purification, phosphatidylserine was the only phospholipid released when the pH was raised to 9.0. The amount of bound phosphatidylserine could be increased by incubating tRNA from B. licheniformis or Escherichia coli with CTP and phosphatidic acid in the presence of an S-30 extract from either organism. The tRNA carrying phosphatidylserine has been separated from the bulk of the tRNA by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography in the presence of a detergent. On deaminoacylation of this material and rechromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, a number of peaks were found, indicating that this behavior is not confined to a single isoaccepting species.
A comparison of findings at second-look laparotomy with preoperative computed tomography in patients with ovarian cancer

Prior to undergoing second-look laparotomy, 57 patients with ovarian cancer were evaluated with computed axial tomography (CT). All patients were clinically free of disease following chemotherapy. At laparotomy, 25 patients had visible evidence of disease, 9 had microscopic disease only, and 23 were free of cancer. Tumor was correctly identified on CT in 9 of the 25 patients (36%) with macroscopic disease. Tumors smaller than 2 cm in size were not detected by CT. CT suggested disease in 8 of the 32 patients (25%) who were free of macroscopic disease. CT provides useful information when it is abnormal. Fine needle aspiration of suspicious areas can spare some patients laparotomy. However, CT has a significant false-negative rate due to its inability to detect small volume disease. Patients with negative CT will continue to require reexploration and tissue confirmation to assess the need for further therapy.
Innate and adaptive immunity: the Yin and Yang of celiac disease

Celiac disease is a multigenetic complex inflammatory disorder with an autoimmune component, induced by gluten, a protein found in wheat. It is a unique human disease model to dissect the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms underlying T-cell-mediated tissue destruction and the development of T-cell lymphoma in conditions of chronic T-cell activation.
Analysis of healthcare supply chain systems exposed to random capacity disruptions

Capacity disruptions caused by forces of nature, process-related hazards, and man-made malignant interventions have shown to be a profound risk factor for lean healthcare supply chain systems, such as pharmaceutical and medical equipment/devices enterprises. At the same time, decision support methodologies suitable for analysing healthcare supply chain risk incurred through capacity disruptions have been largely unavailable. In this paper, we examine capacitated healthcare supply chain systems using a framework of feed-forward flow-matching networks with multiple points of delivery. We analyse two models of stochastic dynamics of such systems in the presence of random disruptions. The proposed closed-form analytics will serve as a foundation for future mathematical methodologies for risk-based design of resilient healthcare supply chains.
Community assessment and planning for maternal and child health programs: a participatory approach in Ethiopia.

This paper describes the use of a participatory approach to community assessment and planning in Ethiopia. The purpose of the assessment was for government health staff and community members to jointly identify and prioritize maternal and child health problems and develop a plan to solve them. Activities were conducted in five “woredas” (districts) in the Southern Nations and Nationalities People’s Region of Ethiopia. Some of the key features of the approach were: 1) use of a limited number of maternal and child health behaviors as a “menu” to guide planning; 2) use of an integrated household survey that measures indicators of caretaker behaviors which must be changed to reduce the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality; 3) implementation by a team of community volunteers and health staff; 4) collection of data that can be used at the community level for planning and at district zonal and regional levels for project monitoring and evaluation; and 5) an emphasis on immediate use of information by community members and health staff to produce joint action plans. The community planning process resulted in: 1) community action plans for the communities in five districts; 2) baseline data on key behaviors for monitoring and evaluation; and 3) trained staff at regional zonal and district levels. Community action plans included activities at both the facility and community levels such as training of health workers integration of health facility services health education and involvement of community organizations. The quantitative data were aggregated to provide baseline indicators for monitoring and evaluation. Follow-up data show changes in key child health behaviors. (authors)
Fluorescence of certain metal 8-quinolinolates as a function of solvent and substituents☆

Abstract Fluorescence spectra, intensities and efficiencies of zinc chelates of 8-quinolinol (oxine), oxine-5-sulfonic acid, 2-methyl-oxine and 5:7-dichloro-oxine were obtained as a function of solvent and substitution. Shifts in fluorescence maxima did not always parallel corresponding solvent shifts for absorption maxima. The fluorescence spectra of chelates of gallium, indium, zinc, magnesium and cadmium with 2-methyl-oxine were also measured and compared. All except zinc experienced blue shifts in the fluorescence bands, which were interpreted as arising from steric inhibition of resonance by the 2-substituent. Fluorescence efficiency was found to be a sensitive function of solvent, being highest in inert solvents. Substitution of the sulfonic-acid group on the ligand gave an unexpected rise in the fluorescence efficiency of the chelates, especially in dimethylformamide. Fluorescence efficiency was found not to be adversely affected by steric hindrance. Analytical implications of the results are discussed.
On some nonelectrochemical methods for investigating the surfaces of electrodes

Abstract The uses of the Nomarski interferometry and interference contrast techniques, elipsometric technique, and Mossbauer spectroscopy in the study of electrode surfaces is discussed. More recent advances in the studies made in the Electrochemistry Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania are reported and discussed.
Performance of a neutralizer for electron bombardment thruster

Results of the SERT II flight indicate that the hollow cathode neutralizer not only represents a power and propellant weight penalty but can be a contributing cause to accelerator grid erosion. Tests with a 30-cm diameter thruster show that a neutralizer position of approximately 9 cm axially downstream of the accelerator grid and approximately 9 cm radially away from the outer edge of the accelerator grid and pointing parallel to the thruster axis provides the best overall performance. The estimated grid wear rate was less than 0.08 mm in 10,000 hours. The coupling voltage was approximately 17 volts at a neutralizer flow rate of 22 equivalent milliamperes of mercury and a beam current of 1.5 amperes. Neutralizer power was 31 watts and the effect of neutralizer flow on overall propellant utilization efficiency is a 1.2 percentage point reduction at a thruster utilization efficiency of 90 percent. The neutralizer position defined in tests with a 30 cm thruster was tested with a 15 cm SERT II thruster. When the neutralizer was relocated further downstream with this different orientation, accelerator impingement current due to neutralizer operation was reduced by approximately a factor of seven and was nearly independent of neutralizer operation.
Assessment of outcomes and morbidity following diaphragmatic peritonectomy for women with ovarian carcinoma.

Objective To describe the technique of diaphragmatic peritonectomy (DP) for ovarian cancer cytoreduction and to assess associated morbidity.
Determining DNA Global Structure and DNA Bending by Application of NMR Residual Dipolar Couplings

The local structure of nucleic acids can be determined from traditional solution NMR techniques, but it is usually not possible to uniquely define the global conformation of DNA or RNA double helices. This results from the short-range nature of the NOE-distance and torsion angle constraints used in generating the solution structures. However, new alignment techniques make it possible to readily measure residual dipolar couplings, which provide information on the relative orientation of individual bond vectors in the molecule. To determine the effects of incorporating dipolar couplings in the structure determinations of nucleic acids, molecular dynamics calculations were performed with simulated constraints derived from two DNA duplex target molecules. Refinements that included NOE, torsion angle, and dipolar coupling constraints were compared to refinements without dipolar couplings. These results show that dipolar couplings significantly improved the local structure while also dramatically improving the ...
Shifts and Oscillations in Deviant Careers: The Case of Upper-Level Drug Dealers and Smugglers

This is the first study of drug trafficking in the United States to penetrate the upper eschelons of the marijuana and cocaine business—the smugglers and their primary dealers. We spent six years observing and interviewing these traffickers and their associates in southwestern California and examining their typical career paths. We show how drug traffickers enter the business and rise to the top, how they become disenchanted due to the rising social and legal costs of upper-level drug trafficking, how and why they either voluntarily or involuntarily leave the business, and why so many end up returning to their deviant careers, or to other careers within the drug world.
Theoretical Models for Transition-State Structure and Catalysis in Carbonyl Addition

The formation of methanediol from water and formaldehyde is suggested by ab initio self-consistent field molecular orbital calculations at the 4-31G level to be a quite difficult process passing through a transition state for simultaneous proton transfer and carbon-oxygen bond format. A significant feature of the transition-state structure is the presence of an essentially planar four-membered ring formed between the O-H band of the attacking water molecule and the C-O bond of formaldehyde. The water is oriented in such a fashion to enable one of its lone pairs to align approximately along the newly forming O-C bond. A rather large activation energy of 44.1 kcal mol/sup -1/ exists for water-formaldehyde addition, and the reaction is exothermic by 16.8 kcal mol/sup -1/. Examination of the transition-state vibrational mode corresponding to the imaginary frequency (v = i1996.6 cm/sup -1/) indicates that the dominant motion is an approximately clockwise rotation of the water molecule about its oxygen atom in the plane of the four-membered ring, coupled to a transfer of the ring proton. The resistance to adduct formation may be removed by either prior protonation of formaldehyde or prior deprotonation of water. The greater ease of adduct formation corresponds to specific acid catalysismore » and specific base catalysis. 2 figures. (DP)« less
Evidence of centennial-scale drought from southeastern Massachusetts during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition

Abstract A principal method for studying past hydroclimatic change is the reconstruction of paleo-lake levels. Here, we provide high-resolution lake-level records from New Long Pond and Rocky Pond in southeastern Massachusetts, which each contain evidence for multiple, sub-centennial-to-millennial scale low stands during the transition between the Late Pleistocene (15.0 ka) and Middle Holocene (ca 7.0 ka). Data from New Long Pond also demonstrate sedimentary evidence for a drop in water levels in the early to mid AD 20th century, when long-term trends in instrumental data show lower-than-average precipitation in the northeastern United States. Local data show the most precipitous declines in precipitation and groundwater levels are concurrent with the most severe drought in the AD 1960s, which occurred during a period of low sea-surface temperatures in the western North Atlantic. Ground penetrating radar and sediment core data indicate five intervals with numerous paleo-shoreline deposits between ca 15.0 and 7.0 ka, similar to the layer deposited in the AD 1960s. Many of the intervals of low lake levels coincide with proposed meltwater release events or abrupt climate oscillations in the circum North Atlantic. For example, we document at least three low stands during the Younger Dryas (12.9–11.6 ka) and in association with the “9.2” and “8.2” ka events. The combined evidence of (1) concurrent paleo-droughts in southeastern New England with documented North Atlantic abrupt cooling events and (2) recent drought with the modern association of low sea-surface temperatures indicates that freshening and cooling of the western North Atlantic is a viable mechanism for decreasing moisture within the region. Large-scale changes in seasonality and ice sheet extent also may have increased the susceptibility of the northeast to dry conditions triggered by changes in the North Atlantic.
Some osteological features ofVarasichthys ariasi Arratia (Pisces, Teleostei) from the Late Jurassic of Chile

Bones of the head and pectoral girdle are studied in additional specimens ofVarasichthys ariasi. The parietal and supraoccipital are similar to those ofLeptolepis and other primitive teleosts. The suborbital is the smallest known in teleosts; it differs from that of other teleosts and holosteans in not contacting the dermopterotic or pterotic, the supratemporal or infraorbital 3. The pattern of the parietals and the supraoccipital, the presence of a suborbital, extension of the infraorbital sensory canal onto the antorbital, and the presence of two postsupracleithra and six postcleithra are primitive features within teleosts. Two postsupracleithra and six broad postcleithra with crenulated posterior border form an unique series within teleosts.
Removable singularities of solutions of semi-elliptic equations

Let P(D) be a quasihomogeneous semi-elliptic linear differential operator with constant coefficients in ℝ n . We prove a metric criterion for the removability of singular sets of solutions of the equation P(D)f = 0 in function classes defined by solutions of this equation with the use of local approximations in mean.