cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Should the target for blood pressure control specify both a systolic and a diastolic component

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) Report recommends, as the target for hypertension control, achieving both a systolic and diastolic goal. We suggest, however, that specifying both a systolic and a diastolic component for the blood pressure goal can be confusing to physician and patient. Furthermore, literal interpretation and application of this JNC 7 recommendation could result in overtreatment, undertreatment, or institution of treatment for hypertension when none is needed. Specific scenarios illustrating how inappropriate treatment could result from literal interpretation and application of the JNC 7 recommendations are presented. Our recommended blood pressure goal for hypertensives is: Sitting systolic blood pressure consistently in the 120s or less, if tolerated. This recommendation is evidence based, easy to understand, and achievable. Its rationale is discussed.
Unloaded shortening velocity in single permeabilized vascular smooth muscle cells is independent of microtubule status.

Microtubules may influence smooth muscle contraction either via involvement in signal transduction processes or by serving as an internal load that opposes contraction. To test the latter hypothesis, microtubule distribution and the unloaded shortening velocity were investigated in freshly isolated single vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with microtubule modulating drugs. Immunocytochemical studies showed that microtubules run mainly longitudinally in relaxed VSMCs. They are oriented more obliquely, almost transversely to the long axis of the cells after contraction, suggesting that microtubules are compressed during shortening, and thus might impart an internal passive load. Quantitative immunocytochemical analysis revealed that, relative to the control group, colchicine (15 μM) decreased the microtubule density by 40% while taxol (10 μM) increased the microtubule density by 46%. However, alteration of microtubule polymerization status by these microtubule-modulating drugs did not have a significant effect on unloaded shortening velocity in α-toxin permeabilized VSMCs under maximal activating conditions or submaximal activating conditions (about 36% of maximal velocity). These results suggest that microtubules do not present an appreciable internal load to dampen single VSMCs shortening in the present experimental system, and that their influence on smooth muscle contraction is primarily via signal transduction mechanisms.
Photodissociation of sulfur dioxide: The Ẽ state revisited

The pump−probe technique has been employed to study the photodissociation processes of sulfur dioxide (SO2). The SO2+ transient has been fit to a biexponential with decay times of 230 ± 9 fs and 8 ± 4 ps. The growth of 32SO+ was determined to be 225 ± 10 fs with a decay of 373 ± 27 fs. The response of the isotope 34SO2+ was also fit to a biexponential decay with lifetimes of 195 ± 14 fs and 4 ± 1 ps. The decay of 34SO+ was fit to 381 ± 30 fs. The results display that an inverse kinetic isotope effect is operative during dissociation of SO2 through the Ẽ state.
A restatement of the “narrowing cells test” of the permanent-income hypothesis

Abstract This paper contains an analysis of the test by group means and the narrowing cells test of the permanent-income hypothesis. It is shown that the narrowing cells test provides no information that is not provided by a test by group means. Furthermore, a prediction coefficient (a measure of the relative consistency of the permanent-income hypothesis and the measured-income hypothesis with consumption data) can be obtained from a test by group means while no such measure can be obtained from a narrowing cells test. It is concluded that future use of the narrowing cells test should be avoided.
NaOH Dissolution of Some Oxide Impurities from Kaolins

A working definition for allophane includes amorphous silica and alumina that are quickly soluble in boiling n/2 NaOH. Kinetic studies are used to differentiate and to make a rough estimation of the amount of allophane and certain other impurities present in some kaolin minerals. Solution rate studies on opal, gibbsite, two allophanes, volcanic ash, quartz, two halloysites, and two kaolinites are presented and in most cases the reaction rate orders with respect to the hydroxide treatment are determined. No interpretation of the observed rate orders are presented. The decomposition of the two kaolinites followed a third order rate law and their rate constants varied approximately by a factor of ten. The decomposition of the two halloysites followed a second order rate law and their rate constants varied approximately by a factor of five. It is not known why specimens of the same mineral species from different localities should have such large variations in their dissolution rates. Differences in their degree of crystallinity and the resulting surface area may be responsible.
Improving performance and quality of working life: A model for organizational health assessment in emerging enterprises

The organization of work has been addressed through numerous perspectives by a diverse set of disciplines. While job stress research has focused on the promotion of worker well-being, contemporary business-improvement initiatives (e.g., lean manufacturing, six sigma) have sought to optimize effectiveness through work processes. However, these two aims, although traditionally viewed as contradictory, are actually interdependent variables in the determination of long-term profitability. The concept of organizational health blends the pursuit of individual wellness with organizational effectiveness to yield a strategy for economic resilience. This article introduces a novel model for organizational health assessment using a systemic approach that addresses work factors at the individual, job, process, and organizational levels. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 81–95, 2004.
Menstrual effects on surgical treatment for breast cancer

In 1989, Hrushesky et al. (1) reported preliminary results of a retrospective study which identified the timing of breast cancer surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle as an independent predictor of disease-free survival for 41 premenopausal women. At least a dozen reports have subsequently appeared, some supporting and others refuting the claim. The debate has been played out both in the medical literature and in the lay press, resulting in much confusion for patients and physicians alike. This review will examine the biological plausibility of the hypothesis that the menstrual cycle can influence surgical outcome, the results of clinical studies done to date, and the potential methodological pitfalls inherent in performing these retrospective reviews.
Rotational excitation of HF in slow collisions with He

Low-energy rotational-excitation cross sections have been calculated from model-potential surfaces constructed to represent the interaction of atomic helium with hydrogen fluoride (HF). Quantum-mechanical solutions of the coupled equations were obtained including as many rotational states (open and closed) as needed for convergence. The behavior of the cross sections as a function of energy and the sensitivity to various model-potential surfaces are discussed.
Remarks on a maintenance policy for machines subject to intermittent failure

The performance of a machine is modelled by an observable diffusion process whose drift is an unobservable random telegraph signal. When the drift takes its larger value, the machine is operating in the failed mode, which costs one dollar per unit time. A maintenance procedure increases by a finite amount the probability that the drift will return to its smaller value, but implementing it costs k dollars per unit time. We show here that a policy which minimizes the long-term total average cost is of bang-bang type, and we derive non-trivial bounds on its cost and on the optimal switching level.
Regenerative Fractional Frequency Generators

A new regenerative frequency divider circuit is presented which offers several advantages over other available circuits. These advantages are large lock-in or "stability" range, ability to produce either relatively constant output or amplitude modulated output, circuit simplicity and the fact that it is self-starting. An approximate nonlinear analysis is given which provides a reasonable prediction of the operation. This analysis is a quasi-linear, semigraphical technique which clearly shows the dependence upon diode characteristics and transistor input impedance. Results are also given for harmonic generation, in order to actually give a fractional frequency output and not merely a subharmonic.
Salt effect on hydrophobic interactions in precipitation and chromatography of proteins: an interpretation of the lyotropic series.

Abstract The effect of neutral salts on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in salting out and chromatography of proteins is treated by a simple theory. The electrostatic energy change in these processes is expressed according to the classical theory. The corresponding hydrophobic energy change is evaluated from the nonpolar contact area of the interacting species and the corrected surface tension of the medium. The property of a salt that affects hydrophobic interactions is quantified by its molal surface tension increment. This parameter is a measure of the increase in surface tension by the salt and forms the basis of a natural lyotropic series. In agreement with the theory, the analysis of solubility and Chromatographic data shows that the overall salt effect can be described by the two antagonistic effects of salts on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The expression derived for the salting-out constant is employed to calculate the relative surface hydrophobicity of proteins. The results suggest that the salt effect is not only useful in the quantitative treatment of hydrophobic interactions but also in the measurement of hydrophobic properties.
Effectiveness of Supported Employment for Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury: 2-Year Results

Abstract Objective To examine if supported employment (SE) remains more effective than treatment as usual (TAU) in returning veterans to competitive employment after spinal cord injury (SCI) at 2-year follow-up. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled, multisite trial of SE versus TAU with 24 months of follow-up. Setting SCI centers. Participants Subjects (N=201) were enrolled and completed baseline interviews. At interventional sites, subjects were randomized to SE (n=81) or TAU (n=76). At observational sites, 44 subjects were enrolled in a nonrandomized TAU condition. Intervention The intervention was a SE program called the SCI Vocational Integration Program, which followed the principles of the individual placement and support model of SE for persons with mental illness. Main Outcome Measures Competitive employment in the community within 2 years. Results For the entire 2-year follow-up period, SE subjects were significantly more likely to achieve employment (30.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8–41.6) than either the TAU subjects at the intervention sites (10.5%; 95% CI, 5.2–19.7; P P Conclusions SE was better than usual practices in improving employment outcomes for veterans with SCI across a 2-year follow-up period. Although SE continued to be superior to traditional practices over the entire study, the first year of participation in SE may represent a critical window for achieving employment after SCI.
A role for the hinge/ear domain of the β chains in the incorporation of AP complexes into clathrin-coated pits and coated vesicles

The clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes drive the polymerization of clathrin in coated pits to form coated vesicles. It has previously been shown that the carboxyl-terminal hinge/ear domain of the β2 chain contains a binding site for clathrin and that removal of this domain from APs or from isolated β2 chains abrogates their ability to form clathrin coats in vitro. We show here that the hinge/ear domain is necessary for efficient incorporation of AP complexes into coated pits and coated vesicles in cells, a result that is consistent with the view that the β chains indeed provide an important interaction between the AP complexes and clathrin.
Contemporary thinking about the role of genes and environment in eating disorders

OBJECTIVE To review recent literature documenting how family, twin and molecular genetic studies of eating disorders have revolutionized our conceptualizations of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. METHODS We summarized extant literature on genetic epidemiology of eating disorders. RESULTS Results of extant studies highlight the underlying biological vulnerabilities associated with these conditions. Genetic research has also opened up new avenues and approaches for exploring how the environment exerts its influence on risk. CONCLUSIONS We discuss state-of-the-science findings in the genetics of eating disorders, explore various mechanisms of gene-environment interplay, and discuss implications of this research for science, practice, families and individuals with eating disorders.
The Dilemma of Difference: Enriching the Disproportionality Discourse with Theory and Context

A critical aspect underlying the disproportionate representation debate is the dilemma of human difference. I briefly describe this dilemma and analyze three unstated assumptions about difference that permeate disproportionality discussions. I also make two critical recommendations. First, we must strengthen the theoretical sophistication of the debate in two ways, by bringing philosophical and ethical perspectives to the analyses and by increasing the breadth of the theoretical paradigms used in inquiry efforts. Second, I recommend that we bring context to our research endeavors by acknowledging that issues related to ethnicity, race, and language background are highly contentious in our society. We must also contextualize research by including the perspectives of investigators and of ethnic minority students. This will allow us to become aware of the culturally situated meanings that we bring to our research endeavors and to appreciate the complexity in the lives of the people who participate in our inv...
Flexure modelling at seamounts with dense cores

SUMMARY The lithospheric response to seamounts and ocean islands has been successfully described by deformation of an elastic plate induced by a given volcanic load. If the shape and mass of a seamount are known, the lithospheric flexure due to the seamount is determined by the thickness of an elastic plate, Te, which depends on the load density and the age of the plate at the time of seamount construction. We can thus infer important thermomechanical properties of the lithosphere from Te estimates at seamounts and their correlation with other geophysical inferences, such as cooling of the plate. Whereas the bathymetry (i.e. shape) of a seamount is directly observable, the total mass often requires an assumption of the internal seamount structure. The conventional approach considers the seamount to have a uniform density (e.g. density of the crust). This choice, however, tends to bias the total mass acting on an elastic plate. In this study, we will explore a simple approximation to the seamount’s internal structure that considers a dense core and a less dense outer edifice. Although the existence of a core is supported by various gravity and seismic studies, the role of such volcanic cores in flexure modelling has not been fully addressed. Here, we present new analytic solutions for plate flexure due to axisymmetric dense core loads, and use them to examine the effects of dense cores in flexure calculations for a variety of synthetic cases. Comparing analytic solutions with and without a core indicates that the flexure model with uniform density underestimates Te by at least 25 per cent. This bias increases when the uniform density is taken to be equal to the crustal density. We also propose a practical application of the dense core model by constructing a uniform density load of same mass as the dense core load. This approximation allows us to compute the flexural deflection and gravity anomaly of a seamount in the wavenumber domain and minimize the limitations recognized from the analytic tests. Then, the dense core model is applied to predict the lithospheric flexure beneath Howland Island in the Tokelau seamount chain; these results are compared with the predictions of the uniform density model. Based on age dating of Howland and the age of the seafloor, traditional Te versus age curves predict the elastic plate thickness beneath the seamount to be around 20 km, which is comparable to the best dense core model of Te = 26 km. However, the best uniform density model is found at Te = 12 km, which is significantly less than the predicted. From our investigations of synthetic and real seamount cases, we conclude that the dense core model approximates the true mass distribution of a seamount better than the uniform density model. Finally, we suggest that the role of underplating in flexure modelling may need to be reexamined because the dense core model predicts substantially less deflections than the uniform density model without requiring additional buoyancy caused by underplated material.
Decline and Conflict: Causes and Consequences of Leadership Transitions in Religious Congregations

Changes in leadership can be difficult for any organization. Leadership transitions in religious congregations might be especially challenging given the personal relationships involved and the spiritual dimension of a leader's position. This complexity often makes it difficult to separate the reasons for the transition from the impacts of the transition. For example, loss of membership and congregational conflict can be both a cause and a consequence of leadership change. Using the 2006–2007 National Congregations Study, this research explores how membership decline and congregational conflict are associated with leadership transitions in religious congregations. Although we find that leadership transitions are associated with conflict and membership decline, we also find that certain factors, such as whether the leader comes from within the congregation and context of the transition, moderate these associations.
Reflection and transmission at isotropic-biaxial interface

The problem of wave reflection and transmission at the interface between an isotropic (air) medium and biaxially anisotropic medium is solved and analyzed. We observe behavior that differs from the typical behavior at an isotropic-isotropic interface. It is seen that rotating the permittivity tensor of the biaxial medium with respect to the reference coordinate system significantly affects the reflection and transmission behavior.
Scalable, absolute position recovery for omni-directional image networks

We describe a linear-time algorithm that recovers absolute camera positions for networks of thousands of terrestrial images spanning hundreds of meters in outdoor urban scenes, under uncontrolled lighting. The algorithm requires no human input or interaction. For real data, it recovers camera pose globally consistent on average to roughly five centimeters, or about four pixels of epipolar alignment. The paper's principal contributions include an extension of Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation techniques to the case of unknown numbers of feature points, unknown occlusion and deocclusion, large scale (thousands of images, and hundreds of thousands of point features), and large dimensional extent (tens of meters of inter-camera baseline, and hundreds of meters of baseline overall). Also, a principled method is given to manage uncertainty on the sphere; a new use of the Hough transform is proposed; and a method for aggregating local baseline constraints into a globally consistent pose set is described.
Information Privacy Management in Smart Home Environments: Modeling, Verification, and Implementation

In this paper, we describe our efforts at modeling and verifying information privacy management in smart home environments. By proposing a three-step research plan, this work will help us and others better understand and define the behavior of smart home technology, information privacy, and the relationship between them.
Inferring synaptic conductances from spike trains with a biophysically inspired point process model

A popular approach to neural characterization describes neural responses in terms of a cascade of linear and nonlinear stages: a linear filter to describe stimulus integration, followed by a nonlinear function to convert the filter output to spike rate. However, real neurons respond to stimuli in a manner that depends on the nonlinear integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Here we introduce a biophysically inspired point process model that explicitly incorporates stimulus-induced changes in synaptic conductance in a dynamical model of neuronal membrane potential. Our work makes two important contributions. First, on a theoretical level, it offers a novel interpretation of the popular generalized linear model (GLM) for neural spike trains. We show that the classic GLM is a special case of our conductance-based model in which the stimulus linearly modulates excitatory and inhibitory conductances in an equal and opposite "push-pull" fashion. Our model can therefore be viewed as a direct extension of the GLM in which we relax these constraints; the resulting model can exhibit shunting as well as hyper-polarizing inhibition, and time-varying changes in both gain and membrane time constant. Second, on a practical level, we show that our model provides a tractable model of spike responses in early sensory neurons that is both more accurate and more interpretable than the GLM. Most importantly, we show that we can accurately infer intracellular synaptic conductances from extracellularly recorded spike trains. We validate these estimates using direct intracellular measurements of excitatory and inhibitory conductances in parasol retinal ganglion cells. The stimulus-dependence of both excitatory and inhibitory conductances can be well described by a linear-nonlinear cascade, with the filter driving inhibition exhibiting opposite sign and a slight delay relative to the filter driving excitation. We show that the model fit to extracellular spike trains can predict excitatory and inhibitory conductances elicited by novel stimuli with nearly the same accuracy as a model trained directly with intracellular conductances.
Information technology fashions: lifecycle phase analysis

Over the last decade, studies of management fashions have shown that the rise and fall of the fashions can be seen as a reflection of a knowledge enterprise, where knowledge of new management techniques is selectively proposed, promoted, and propagated by different stakeholders. This research on management fashions has yielded a number of insightful research questions and a set of methods for investigating them. Like management fashions, there are many IT fashions. Testing the extent to which the theory of management fashions apply to IT fashions help us better understand not only IT fashions but also what is generic to the fashion phenomenon and what is unique to particular fashions. This study contributes to this goal by building on an earlier work that tested three hypotheses that illuminate the similarities and differences between IT fashions and management fashions: the duration of its ascent period is (1) shortening over time, (2) shortening at a rate faster than that for management fashions, (3) but yet longer in absolute magnitude than that for management fashions. The earlier work provided confirmation of these hypotheses. In this paper, we go further by first providing operational definitions of the latency and growth phases that make up the ascent phase in the fashion lifecycle and using a bibliometric study to test whether the hypotheses still hold for each of the individual phases. The result does show phase-specific differences: in particular, the hypotheses hold for the growth phase but not the latency phase. We explore explanations and implications for this finding. We also underscore the usefulness of the theoretical framework by identifying areas for future research.
A Probabilistic Concept Annotation for IT Service Desk Tickets

Ticket annotation and search has become an important research subject in the IT service desk delivery. Millions of tickets are created yearly to address business users' IT related problems. In IT service desk management, it is critical to first capture the pain points for a group of tickets to determine root cause; secondly, to obtain the respective distributions in order to layout the priority of addressing these pain points. An advanced ticket analytics system utilizes a combination of topic modeling and clustering to address the above issues and the integration of these features into information architecture will allow for a wider distribution of this technology and progress to a remarkable financial impact for IT industry. Topic modeling has been used to extract topics from given documents; each topic is represented by unigram distributions. However, it is not clear how to interpret the results. Due to the inadequacy to render top concepts, in this paper, we propose a probabilistic framework, which integrates topic models, POS tags, query expansion and so on, for the practical challenge. The rigorously empirical experiments demonstrate the consistent and utility performance of the proposed method on real datasets.
Sensor-in-the-loop tractor stability control: Look-ahead attitude prediction and field tests

Rollover protective structures (ROPS) have been recognized as the most effective device to prevent tractor-related fatalities due to tractor rollover. However, ROPS provide only passive protection from rollover-caused fatalities. The most effective way to eliminate rollover-caused fatalities is to prevent the rollover from occurring. This research proposes the use of ''sensor-in-the-loop (SIL)'' online tractor attitude and motion simulation to provide rollover warnings based on estimated look-ahead tractor attitude and motion status. A stereovision camera was used as the visual sensor for the SIL system to create a three-dimensional virtual terrain map on which a virtual vehicle travels. This progressively estimates the tractor attitude and motion on the terrain to provide warning of potential rollovers. A series of field tests on various terrains were conducted to evaluate the dynamic performance of the SIL tractor motion simulator in an actual field environment. The validation test results indicated that the SIL vehicle attitude simulator could predict the attitude and motion status of the vehicle approximately 8.0m ahead of its actual position with favorable and consistent accuracy at all test sites. Such information can be used as baseline data for a warning signal to prevent rollovers from occurring.
Semantic reference and phrasal grouping in the acquisition of a miniature phrase structure language

In this study we examine the roles of semantic reference and of grammatical morphology in the learning of an artificial syntax. Subjects assigned to one of three training conditions viewed sentences from a miniature phrase structure language. In the reference field condition, subjects saw sentences which each referred to an array of geometric figures. In the morphology condition no reference field was present, but inflectional suffixes marked each sentence’s constituent structure. Control condition subjects studied sentences lacking semantic reference and inflectional morphology. Unlike control subjects, subjects in both the reference field and morphology conditions learned the miniature syntax, as evidenced by successful discrimination of novel grammatical versus ungrammatical sentences. Therefore, when surface features mark constituents, adult learning of complex syntactic regularities proceeds even in the absence of semantic reference. c 1986 Academic Press. Inc. One method for experimentally examining the language acquisition process involves the exposure of adult subjects to sentences from miniature artificial languages (Braine, 1963; Esper, 192.5; Miller, 1967; Reber, 1967). Use of such artificial languages in the laboratory enables the rigorous-and ethical-manipulation of the input to the language learner. Although the analogy between these experiments and first language learning is necessarily imperfect (Bever, Fodor, & Weksel, 1965). we suggest that these experiments can address hypotheses about the language acquisition process which are difficult, if not impossible, to test in the natural languagelearning environment. In the experiment reported here, we examine the role of semantic reference in the learning of the syntax of a miniature phrase structure language. In particular, we will argue that the syntax of a referenceless language can be
Does The (Largely Unknown) Administrative Law Process Protect Or Abuse Citizens Rights

Administrative law consists generally of the rules, orders, and decisions of federal, state, and local government agencies established to perform a specific function.The Administrative Procedure Act, other legislation, and court decisions have established administrative agencies as a large power base, largely insulated from electoral accountability, at both the federal and state levels.Most citizens are unaware of the extent of such power, and of the extent such power can be exercised with minimal transparency. This paper reviews and evaluates the federal administrative law process, examines differing practices followed in various states and foreign countries, and suggests potential changes to make the process more accountable and transparent, and to preserve better the rights of parties to both procedural and substantive due process.
Metal Fuel-Cladding Interaction

While developing advanced nuclear energy systems, one needs to carefully consider the performance of the fuel in a particular reactor. If a metallic fuel is used in a sodium fast reactor (SFR), many phenomena can affect the performance of the fuel, including the one that this chapter discusses, namely, fuel–cladding chemical interaction (FCCI). During irradiation, a metallic fuel swells and eventually contacts the cladding, at which time FCCI can occur. During this process, interdiffusion occurs between the fuel, cladding, and fission products, which can result in the formation of interaction zones on the inner surface of the cladding that can become brittle or may contain relatively low-melting phases. The result of this process can be cracking and failure of the cladding. Detailed information on FCCI in irradiated metallic SFR fuel is minimal in the literature. The metallic fuels with the most data include U–Zr and U–Pu–Zr alloys. The bulk of the irradiation data that is available was generated from the destructive examination of individual fuel elements irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II over the course of a 30-year time frame. Three examination techniques were employed to characterize FCCI in these fuel elements: optical metallography, electron probe microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results of these examinations have led to a reasonable understanding of FCCI and how it affects fuel performance. The fuel elements that were characterized included U–Zr or U–Pu–Zr alloy fuels and HT-9, D9, or Type 316 stainless steel cladding. Out-of-pile testing has also been conducted using annealed diffusion couples comprised of alloy and cladding constituents to improve the understanding of fuel–cladding interactions. Furthermore, to investigate liquefaction in FCCI zones, actual irradiated fuel segments or complete fuel pins have been heated to high temperatures and then characterized to ascertain the development of liquid phases at the fuel–cladding interface. Finally, transient tests have been performed on irradiated fuel pins to investigate microstructural development at the fuel–cladding interface. This chapter describes the data that is available with respect to out-of-pile and in-pile testing that can be employed to develop an understanding of FCCI in irradiated metallic nuclear fuels.
Pathophysiology of Lymphocyte Transformation: A Study of So-called Composite Lymphomas

The occurrence of two different histologic types of lymphoma in one organ, or in two different organs at the same time, or during the course of the disease, forms an intriguing biologic phenomenon. This report describes an immunohistologic study of ten such cases; seven consisting of two different non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, together with three cases in which Hodgkin’s disease was one of the components. The findings in the non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma group are in keeping with emerging immunologic and physiologic concepts: i.e. , the different component parts appear to represent different maturation stages of the neoplastic B lymphocyte. The cases in which Hodgkin’s disease and a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma were observed showed a surprising similarity between the malignant cells of both tumors when studied with immunoperoxidase technics for anti-light-chain and anti-heavy-chain antibodies. These observations may serve to resurrect an old belief in the common origin of certain of the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, and possibly also of Hodgkin’s disease. It is concluded from this study that true composite lymphomas are extremely rare and that the majority of the cases described as such are better considered as different morphologic expressions of a single malignant cell type—the lymphocyte.
EXPERIENCE WITH OPERATION FOR HEPATOLITHIASIS ASSOCIATED WITH ANOMALOUS BILIARY ANATOMY-A CASE REPORT-

A 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of epigastralgia and jaundice. Abdominal ultrasound examination and computed tomography revealed dilated intrahepatic bile ducts in the right posterior and left medial segments. ERCP radiographs showed anomalous biliary anatomy with the right posterior segmental duct inserting into the right anterior segmental duct. In addition, the latter was drained into the left lateral duct. A right posterior segmentectomy and a left medial segmentectomy were conducted. No bilioenteric anastomosis was placed. The patient was discharged on the 21st postoperative day. The general rules for the treatment of hepatolothiasis are to remove calculi completely and to relieve bile stagnation. This case highlights the importance of an awareness of biliary tract anomaly and the necessity of appropriate treatment for hepatolithiasis with anomalous anatomy where a hepatecotmy sholud be employed by making the most use of intraoperative US and cholangioscopy, if it can be a radical operation.
Estimation of the Universality of Freudian and Jungian Sexual Symbols

Examination of sexuality of 36 nouns in French, German, and Spanish suggests that universality of Jungian or Freudian sexual symbols in terms of their power to predict gender of nouns is lacking.
Nucleation dynamics of active particles.

We present a model of a collection of active and adhesive Brownian particles that are capable of aggregation. Besides the mechanical interaction between particles, a simple active dynamics term (motility) is included to provide an active movement. At a given instant, each particle is either in an active (swim) or unanimated (stop) state, which is controlled by a random process. The model includes important features that are inspired by the phenomenon of biological cell–cell association. One feature is the mean motility that is related to the percentage of the particle being active and the maximum swimming speed. Another feature is the stochastic nature of switching between the swim and stop state. We explored how these key features affect the nucleation dynamics and the stability of the aggregates using simulations. Interestingly, particles can change their collective behavior by solely altering the frequency of switching between the swim and stop state while keeping the mean motility unchanged. These res...
Development of the therapeutic drug monitoring techniques in pediatrics

The therapeutic drug monitoring is one of the important tasks in clinical pharmacy,and play an important role in pediatric clinical care.Recently,accompanied by the development of instrument,lots of new techniques and new methods rushed into the therapeutic drug monitoring territory.The monitoring variety increased gradually,and the quality of the monitoring improved,which greatly advanced the development of therapeutic drug monitoring.We provide some opinions through consulting the domestic and abroad pertinent literatures,inspecting the latest progress of some common therapeutic drug monitoring techniques in pediatrics,and based on our study experience.
Treatment of Type III Esophageal Atresia after Operation

Objective To study treatment of type Ⅲ esophageal atresia after operation.Methods Retrospectively reviewed 9 cases type Ⅲ esophageal atresia clinical data and analyzed treatment and outcome after operation.Results Eight cases were cured.9 cases complicated with pneumonia,4 cases complicated with jaundices,2 cases compliated with infections of thorax,2 cases compliated with septicemias,2 cases Compliated with fistulas. Ventilated from 0.7 to 13 days.started to feed from 3 to 22 days after operation.Length of stay from 13 to 58 days. Cured cases had no dyspnea and dysphagia and their body weight increased when they discharged.3 cases were found esophageal stricture during following-up and were cured with esophageal dilation.Conclusion Type Ⅲ esophageal atresia cases should be reinforced management of respiration,anti-infection and nutrition after operation.
Risk Assessment for Biological Agents in the Laboratory

Risk assessments for using biological agents in the laboratory are qualitative rather than quantitative. A number of risk factors for performing the assessment are identified and discussed in terms...
Medicolegal Issues and Fine Needle Aspiration of the Breast: What You Can Do to Decrease Your Risk of Being Sued

Carcinoma of the breast is the most litigated cancer in women. This article discusses steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of being sued. Topics covered include laboratory practices, patient contact, informed consent, documentation, record keeping, interpretive problems, triple test, diligence, and reporting results as well as what to do if sued.
Can Employers Ask Workers, Applicants for Social Media Login Information?

This article examines whether employers can ask workers and applicants for social media login information.
Communication over Diffusion-Based Molecular Timing Channels

This work studies communication over diffusion- based molecular timing (DBMT) channels. The transmitter {\em simultaneously} releases {\em multiple} small information particles, where the information is encoded in the time of release. The receiver decodes the transmitted information based on the random time of arrival of the information particles, which is represented as an additive noise channel. For a DBMT channel, without flow, this noise follows the L\'evy distribution. Under this channel model, the maximum- likelihood (ML) detector is derived and shown to have high computational complexity. It is further shown that for {\em any} additive noise channel with $\alpha$-stable noise, $\alpha &#60; 1$, such as the DBMT channel, a linear receiver is {\em not able to take advantage} of the release of multiple information particles. Thus, instead of the common low-complexity linear approach, a new detector, which is based on the first arrival (FA) among all the transmitted particles, is derived. Numerical simulations indicate that for a small to medium number of released particles, the performance of the FA detector is very close to the performance of the ML detector.
Electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs in stretchable geometries

Abstract Many biological materials are naturally soft and stretchable, far more so than crystalline semiconductors. Creating systems that can be placed directly on a surface such as human skin has required new approaches in electronic device design and materials, a field known as stretchable electronics. One common method for fabricating a highly brittle semiconductor device able to survive tens of percent strain is to incorporate stress relief structures (‘waves’). Although the mechanical advantages of this approach are well known, the effects on the electrical behavior of a device such as a transistor compared to a more traditional geometry have not been studied. Here, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on rigid sapphire substrates were fabricated in a common wavy geometry, a sinusoid, with dimensions similar to those used in stretchable electronics. The study analyzes control parameters available to the designer including gate location along the sinusoid, angle the source-drain contacts make with the gate, as well as variation of the gate length at the peak of the sinusoid. Common electrical parameters such as saturation current density, threshold voltage, and transconductance were compared between the sinusoidal and conventional straight geometries and results found to fall to within experimental uncertainty, suggesting shifting to a stretchable geometry is possible without appreciably degrading semiconductor device performance.
A Critique of the Openness Case for Creation ex Nihilo

Citing biblical scholarship, we aim to critique open theists’ argument that creation ex nihilo is founded in the Bible. We will examine John 1:1-3, Colossians 1:16, Hebrews 11:3, Romans 4:17, 2 Maccabees 7:28, and Wisdom of Solomon 11:17, and demonstrate how these scriptures not only fail to prove that creation ex nihilo is the only possible biblical interpretation, but also are more plausibly read as favoring creation ex materia .
Visualizing data sets on the Grassmannian using self-organizing mappings

We extend the self-organizing mapping algorithm to the problem of visualizing data on Grassmann manifolds. In this setting, a collection of k points in n-dimensions is represented by a k-dimensional subspace, e.g., via the singular value or QR-decompositions. Data assembled in this way is challenging to visualize given abstract points on the Grassmannian do not reside in Euclidean space. The extension of the SOM algorithm to this geometric setting only requires that distances between two points can be measured and that any given point can be moved towards a presented pattern. The similarity between two points on the Grassmannian is measured in terms of the principal angles between subspaces, e.g., the chordal distance. Further, we employ a formula for moving one subspace towards another along the shortest path, i.e., the geodesic between two points on the Grassmannian. This enables a faithful implementation of the SOM approach for visualizing data consisting of k-dimensional subspaces of n-dimensional Euclidean space. We illustrate the resulting algorithm on a hyperspectral imaging application.
Serving the Gifted: Evidence-Based Clinical and Psychoeducational Practice

Designed for practitioners who work with the gifted, this volume is intended to serve as a practical and easy-to-use resource for working with gifted students, their teachers, and their parents and families. It provides timely, practical, evidence-based techniques and guidelines to help these practitioners better help an underserved group. The book is written in a user-friendly style that makes this a quick, simple, and easy reference. Topics covered include identification and assessment of gifted students; important information for understanding the needs of the gifted; counseling and psychotherapy strategies; career counseling for gifted and talented students; methods for working with the families of the gifted; and legally-correct and ethically-smart counseling techniques. An accompanying CD will contain valuable resources such as PowerPoint presentations and reproducible handouts and forms.
EU Law and Social Benefits – Some Key Cases From 2017

This short article summarises some significant 2017 cases in the area of EU law and social benefits. Given the breadth of the subject area, this article does not attempt to cover every single case....
Die Level Sensor Integration in SiC Power Modules

Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) detectors have been integrated in terminals of 2-in-1 Si IGBT modules for galvanically isolated current sensing. This work integrates GMRs into the region directly adjacent to the die of SiC MOSFET modules. A fully integrated, ultra-low noise sensing system with a bandwidth of 2 MHz is developed. The Cu layers in the DBC substrate influence the near die magnetic field. This field is analyzed and field differentiation is developed to extend the flat bandwidth (FBW). FEA and experimental results of the developed sensing methodologies are presented. The die level sensor integration is crucial for compact EV applications.
Cluster Significance Analysis: A New Qsar Tool for Asymmetric Data Sets:

Cluster Significance Analysis (CSA) and Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) can complement each other in the analysis of asymmetric (embedded) data. CSA evaluates the significance o...
Stabilization and Extraction of Fluoride Anion Using a Tetralactam Receptor

A neutral tetralactam macrocycle was prepared in a few minutes in one pot and at high concentration using commercially available starting materials. NMR titration studies in DMSO revealed an anion ...
Addressing Inequities in African American Student Achievement: Using Cultural Proficiency and a Dual Capacity Building Framework

The amalgamation of race and disability produces a complex set of challenges for school leaders seeking to provide equitable opportunities for African American students and families. Culturally proficient school leaders and their influence in schools is second only to classroom instruction. Although concern is often focused on student achievement, little attention has been given to how schools have fallen into re-segregation practices that lead to gaps in opportunity and achievement for these students.. Realizing that there are steps school leaders can take to address re-segregation practices and inequities, we offer recommendations and strategies for addressing schools’ disproportional segments of special education, discipline, and Gifted and Talented Education (GATE) programs by using culturally proficient leadership and a dual capacity building framework.
Noradrenergic terminal density varies among different groups of hypoglossal premotor neurons.

Abstract In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, contraction of the muscles of the tongue is needed to protect the upper airway from collapse. During wakefulness, norepinephrine directly excites motoneurons that innervate the tongue and other upper airway muscles but its excitatory effects decline during sleep, thus contributing to OSA. In addition to motoneurons, NE may regulate activity in premotor pathways but little is known about these upstream effects. To start filling this void, we injected a retrograde tracer (beta-subunit of cholera toxin-CTb; 5–10 nl, 1%) into the hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus in 7 rats. We then used dual immunohistochemistry and brightfield microscopy to count dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH)-positive axon terminals closely apposed to CTb cells located in five anatomically distinct XII premotor regions. In different premotor groups, we found on the average 2.2–4.3 closely apposed DBH terminals per cell, with ˜60% more terminals on XII premotor neurons located in the ventrolateral pontine parabrachial region and ventral medullary gigantocellular region than on XII premotor cells of the rostral or caudal intermediate medullary reticular regions. This difference suggests stronger control by norepinephrine of the interneurons that mediate complex behavioral effects than of those mediating reflexes or respiratory drive to XII motoneurons.