cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beginnings and the Representation of Time in Jacques le fataliste

The present essay attempts to throw new light on the question of time in Jacques le fataliste by studying this aspect as a structure, rather than as a theme, and the way this principle is encoded in, as well as influenced by, the various incipit the reader encounters on the way. Two categories of beginnings in this novel are analyzed as to their temporal structure and its relation to meaning. The first contains narratives that experience difficulties in beginning, and are, therefore, considered “reflexive,” in that they turn back on themselves. The second are considered “projective” in that they reach beyond toward what follows. The reflexive beginning is further distinguished from a real or “radical” beginning which has no example in literature; it is a concept, and not a reality. The mixture of reflexive and projective beginnings in Jacques le fataliste reveals a narrative that is aware of its status as fiction, and questions itself and its relation to those arbitrary rules that implicitly govern fictions. The relation between the two types of beginnings and their representation of time is only one example of how the narrative consciously creates itself as an entity freed from the reality of chronological time.
Rubidium Chloride and Cesium Chloride Sprayed on Maize Plants and Evaluated for Marking Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Mark–Recapture Dispersal Studies

Experiments were undertaken to determine the potential for using rubidium chloride (RbCl) or cesium chloride (CsCl) to mark southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, for use in applied ecological studies. Maize, Zea mays L., plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of RbCl or CsCl at rates of 100, 1000, or 10,000 μg/g and inoculated with D. grandiosella neonates. Rubidium and cesium were successfully absorbed and translocated in maize plants. There were only a few minor effects of the treatment on maize or on southwestern corn borers. Rb and Cs were detected in plants, but not in insects, by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) allowed identification of Rb and Cs in adults. Rb and Cs were detected by GF-AAS in feral unmarked adults, and they contained higher levels of Rb than Cs. Males and females contained similar amounts of Rb, but Cs levels were higher in males than in females. Adults recovered from field maize treated with 1000 μg/g Cs had higher levels of Cs than did those from untreated plants. Using NAA, neither Rb nor Cs was detected in adults recovered from greenhouse-grown untreated maize. Males and females recovered from maize treated with 1000 μg/g RbCl and CsCl contained similar amounts of Rb, but females contained more Rb than Cs. We conclude that application of 1000 μg/g RbCl or CsCl on plants is effective in marking adults of D. grandiosella with Rb or Cs and would be useful for mark–recapture dispersal studies.
Source Characterization of Nevada Test Site Explosions and Western U.S. Earthquakes using Lg Waves: Implications for Regional Source Discrimination

An investigation is made of the Lg waves from 15 nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and 25 shallow western United States earthquakes to obtain a scheme for discriminating between possible source mechanisms. The data were recorded at four broadband stations, operated by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), which encircle the NTS. The Lg wave spectra are modeled through a genetic algorithm search to find optimal values for (1) the seismic moment ( M o ), (2) the corner frequency of the amplitude spectrum ( f c ), (3) the 1-Hz attenuation quality factors ( Q o ) for all of the paths, and (4) the frequency dependence (η) of attenuation along the paths. Because the inversion solves for the path attenuation characteristics, little a priori information is needed for the analysis. The resulting M o and f c values are used in conjunction with the m b values as seismic discriminants. The populations of earthquakes and explosions have nearly identical relationships between their moments and corner frequencies. For earthquakes, the relationship is log M o = 16.07 – 2.93 log f c . For the set of NTS explosions (using an earthquake source model), the relationship is log M o = 15.87 – 2.76 log f c . A source discriminant is found, however, through a comparison of the moments and m b values. This gives a line, log M o = 10.20 + 1.16 m b , which cleanly separates the earthquake and explosion populations, with earthquakes falling above and explosions below the line. Reliability tests examine the inverse trade-off between moments and Q o values. Noise in the Lg spectra has a limited effect on the scaling relations.
Disruption of Mitochondrial Function in Interpopulation Hybrids of Tigriopus Californicus

Electron transport system (ETS) function in mitochondria is essential for the aerobic production of energy. Because ETS function requires extensive interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear gene products, coadaptation between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes may evolve within populations. Hybridization between allopatric populations may then expose functional incompatibilities between genomes that have not coevolved. The intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus has high levels of nucleotide divergence among populations at mitochondrial loci and suffers F2 hybrid breakdown in interpopulation hybrids. We hypothesize that hybridization results in incompatibilities among subunits in ETS enzyme complexes and that these incompatibilities result in diminished mitochondrial function and fitness. To test this hypothesis, we measured fitness, mitochondrial function, and ETS enzyme activity in inbred recombinant hybrid lines of Tigriopus californicus. We found that (1) both fitness and mitochondrial function are reduced in hybrid lines, (2) only those ETS enzymes with both nuclear and mitochondrial subunits show a loss of activity in hybrid lines, and (3) positive relationships exist between ETS enzyme activity and mitochondrial function and between mitochondrial function and fitness. We also present evidence that hybrid lines harboring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRPOL) from the same parental source population have higher fitness than those with mtDNA and mtRPOL from different populations, suggesting that mitochondrial gene regulation may play a role in disruption of mitochondrial performance and fitness of hybrids. These results suggest that disruption of coadaptation between nuclear and mitochondrial genes contributes to the phenomenon of hybrid breakdown.
Use of recombinant vaccinia virus vectors for cell biology.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the use of several of the recombinant vaccinia expression systems, focuses on the systems that are most useful for cell biologists, and discusses their advantages and limitations. Vaccinia-mediated expression can be used for assessing cellular localization, posttranslational modifications, oligomerization, and transport and turnover rates. The system provides a rapid method for screening mutant proteins for expression and targeting. It is an excellent way of quickly deciding which mutant proteins might be worth further studying using stable expression systems. Expression of foreign genes using Vaccinia virus is based on recombinant viruses constructed by insertion of complementary DNA (cDNA) into the nonessential thymidine kinase (TK) gene. Both direct and indirect methods of expression are possible. The foreign gene can be inserted into the vaccinia genome by homologous recombination using a plasmid with flanking regions of vaccinia DNA. The recombinant virus is selected, expanded, and used to infect cells, which then express high levels of the foreign protein. Recombinant vaccinia viruses are generated by subcloning the foreign gene into a plasmid transfer vector so it is flanked by DNA from the vaccinia (TK) gene, which is nonessential for growth of the virus in tissue culture. This plasmid is then transfected into vaccinia-infected cells. Homologous recombination of the plasmid and the vaccinia genome generates a recombinant virus with an inactive TK gene.
The Prevalence of Meta-Cognitive Routes to Judgment

Meta-cognitive routes to judgment may be taken more often than suggested by Schwarz (2004). First, judgments that appear to be consistent with a systematic processing account may be based on higher-order meta-cognitive theories. Specifically, individuals' inferential judgments based on naive theories about retrieval ease may be interpreted to be potentially biased, resulting in an adjustment in the opposite direction of the initial judgment to correct for the bias. Second, whereas favorable attitudes may reflect the positive experience of processing fluency, favorable attitudes may also reflect naive theories at work. When the target (e.g., brand name, logo, etc.) can be more easily processed, the hedonic experience of processing fluency gives rise to more favorable attitudes toward the target. When information about the target (e.g., an ad highlighting benefits of the brand) can be more easily processed, individuals may interpret the experience of processing fluency based on naive theory, attribute the experience to the information being more persuasive, and in turn evaluate the target more favorably.
Writing-to-Learn the Nature of Science in the Context of the Lewis Dot Structure Model

Traditional methods for teaching the Lewis dot structure model emphasize rule-based learning and often neglect the purpose and function of the model. Thus, many students are unable to extend their understanding of molecular structures in new contexts. The assignment described here addresses this issue by asking students to read and write about the 1916 paper, in which Lewis proposed the original ideas that led to the dot structure model taught in modern general chemistry courses. This directed writing-to-learn approach is designed to promote conceptual learning of the Lewis dot structure model and to transform students’ beliefs about the nature of science as they evaluate the early model presented by Lewis and compare it to the conventional model taught in lecture. Participating students responded to a pre–post survey, which indicated modest gains in their conceptions of the nature of science. The assignment is designed for college-level general chemistry students but may be modified for use in high schoo...
Phrygian Painted Animals: Anatolian Orientalizing Art

As early as 1900, with the Korte brothers' excavation of Tumulus III at Gordion, Anatolian archaeology has been aware of the existence of a Phrygian linear animal style. In 1941, further examples of the same style were retrieved from the mound of Alaettin Tepe in Konya. Since 1950 and the beginning of the University of Pennsylvania's excavations at Gordion, the corpus of examples of this style has grown considerably. While important in itself as the only attested school of early Phrygian figure painting, the style also bespeaks importance in a larger sphere, for the evidence at hand strongly suggests that the forms were derivative, adopted by the Phrygians from the world of North Syrian art. As such, the style represents an important addition to the growing list of fields in which Phrygian indebtedness to the North Syrian sphere can be documented. The present study will use the evidence of Gordion as its focal point, since this city has yielded the greatest number of examples of Phrygian linear animals.
Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlations Among Several Traits in a Meat-Type Poultry Population,

Abstract THERE are many published estimates of the heritabilities of economic traits in chickens. With the exception of early body weight, most estimates have been obtained from production lines or crosses. There are considerably fewer published estimates of genetic correlations among economic traits, particularly estimates from meat-type lines or crosses. Methods of estimating heritability and the possible biases associated with the various methods have been discussed by Lush (1948), Lerner (1950 Lerner (1958), Falconer (1960), and others. The methods which have been commonly used to estimate the heritability of traits in poultry are the paternal or maternal half-sib correlation, full-sib correlation, and the regression of offspring on parent. The estimates of additive genetic variance and/or phenotypic variance may be biased by the following: a. genotype environment interactions b. dominance variance c. epistatic variance d. maternal effects e. selection of sires or dams f. non-random mating g. sources of non-genetic variation other than…
A polyamine formaldehyde resin. IV. Clinical evaluation in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

The literature concerning the use of an anion exchange resin in the treatment of peptic ulcer has been reviewed.
The physiological age of female horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) emigrating from a natural population.

The dispersal of a naturally occurring population of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), was examined, and age-grading techniques were applied to females as an indicator of the age structure of the dispersing population. Age structures of native and emigrant populations were found to be substantially different. Parous females were a principal component of the native population; their frequency in the population oscillated but seldom was <50%. Parous females were only 11.3% of the recent emigrants, and their frequency varied little during the season. Previtellogenic, nulliparous females were <15% of the native population on all but one occasion, when they were 30%. In contrast, the frequency of these young females among emigrant females was 36.2-59.1%. An hypothesis of independence of vitellogenic stage and population was rejected. Almost all (98%) parous females examined for spermatozoa were mated, and their frequencies were essentially identical for the native and emigrant populations. Insemination rates for nulliparous females were considerably lower than for parous females and were at different levels for the populations. Frequency of insemination increased from zero for previtellogenic nulliparous females to 100% for gravid females. Insemination and stage of vitellogenesis were significantly correlated. We attribute the difference in insemination rates for nulliparous females of native and emigrant populations to the different proportions of the previtellogenic nulliparous females in the two populations. The data support the conclusions that older females in an extant population did not have the same propensity to disperse as did younger females, or that the principal source of migrating flies was newly emerged adults from the larval habitat rather than the extant adult population.
Microwave induced stimulation of32Pi incorporation into phosphoinositides of rat brain synaptosomes

Exposure of synaptosomes to microwave radiation at a power density of 10 mW/sq cm or more produced stimulation of the32Pi-incorporation into phosphoinositides. The extent of32Pi incorporation was found to be much more pronounced in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) as compared to phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA). Other lipids were also found to incorporate32Pi but no significant changes in their labeling were seen after exposure to microwave radiation. Inclusion of 10 mM lithium in the medium reduced the basal labeling of PIP2, PIP and PI and increased PA labeling. Li+ also inhibited the microwave stimulated PIP2, PIP and PI labeling but had no effect on PA labeling. Calcium ionophore, A23187, inhibited the basal and microwave stimulated32Pi labeling of PIP and PIP2, stimulated basal labeling of PA and PI and had no effect on microwave stimulated PA and PI labeling. Calcium chelator, EGTA, on the other hand, had no effect on basal labeling of PA and PI, stimulated basal PIP and PIP2 labeling but did not alter microwave stimulated labeling of these lipids. Exposure of synaptosomes to microwave radiation did not alter the chemical concentration of phosphoinositides indicating that the turnover of these lipids was altered. These results suggest that low frequency microwave radiation alter the metabolism of inositol phospholipids by enhancing their turnover and thus may affect the transmembrane signalling in the nerve endings.
From solid to core@shell to hollow Pt–Ag nanocrystals: thermally controlled surface segregation to enhance catalytic activity and durability

Hollow bimetallic nanostructures exhibit increased durability and utilization efficiency compared to their solid counterparts, and therefore have become promising new candidates for catalytic applications. Here we demonstrate that hollow structured Pt–Ag nanocrystals can be fabricated through a simple one-pot synthesis by employing thermal treatment. During the reaction, Ag-rich Pt–Ag alloy nanocrystals were obtained shortly after co-reduction of Pt and Ag precursors. Subsequent reduction of Pt on the surface of the nanocrystals induced the alloyed Pt atoms to migrate outward to form Ag@Pt core@shell nanocrystals. They finally evolved into hollow alloy structures at an elevated temperature due to the surface energy difference of the metals and the Kirkendall effect. The hollow Pt–Ag nanocatalysts exhibited a substantial enhancement in the current density at 0.9 V and CO-tolerance toward the methanol oxidation reaction, and also showed excellent durability in acid media for methanol oxidation and in alkaline media for p-nitrophenol reduction. This new method of synthesizing hollow nanocrystals can be used towards the design and fabrication of a wide range of Pt-based bimetallic hollow nanostructures.
Vaccine Efficacy of Measles Vaccine in China:A Meta Analysis

Objective To learn the vaccine efficacy of measles vaccine(MV).Method We did a meta analysis on MV efficacy published during March 1998 and March 2007 using fixed model or random model according to the heterogeneity of the studies.Results Seven studies were included which are all case control studies.We found that the MV efficacy was 82.9%(95%CI:66.5%～91.7%).The efficacy was 85.2%(95%CI:65.2%～93.7%)in lower age children,and 65.7%(95%CI:42.3%-79.6%)in older children.Conclusion MV efficacy was lower than expected.We must maintain a high coverage for both primary dose and revaccination in order to prevent outbreak.
Thyroid hormone depletion inhibits astrocytoma proliferation via a p53-independent induction of p21 (WAF1/CIP1).

Background: Clinical hypothyroidism has been associated with prolonged survival in several types of malignancies, but the mechanism of this effect is unknown. Material and Methods: In vitro studies of thyroid hormone depletion (via culture in medium containing 5% thyroid hormone-depleted fetal bovine serum {FRS}) were carried out using a human glioblastoma cell line (WITG3) which expresses a mutant, non-functional p53. Results: Thyroid hormone depletion inhibited WITG3 proliferation compared to control medium containing 5% euthyroid FBS. There was no evidence of apoptosis and viability was not compromised. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry indicated that thydroid hormone depletion accumulated WITG3 cells in G 1 , with fewer cells progressing into S than in euthyroid medium. By immunoblotting, p21 (WAF1/CIP1) was only slightly detectable in lysates from WITG3 cells grown in control euthyroid medium; however in thyroid hormone-depleted FBS, a marked induction of p2 1 occurred which could be reversed by exogenous thyroid hormone Conclusions: These data indicate that thyroid hormone depletion may cause a G, arrest in astrocytoma mediated by a p53-independent induction of p21 (WAFl/ClP1). Results suggest a mechanism which may explain the effect of hypothyroidism on suppression of tumor cell growth.
Promoting author identifiers at colleges and comprehensive universities

ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID, 2016) and ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters, 2016) are services that assign author identifiers and index authors' works to their identification number. ORCID ...
Intracellular pH regulation in the rabbit cortical collecting duct A-type intercalated cell

The A cell may possess multiple H+ transporters, including H(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) and H(+)-K(+)-ATPase. The current study examines the relative roles of proton transporters in the A cell by observing their contribution to both basal intracellular pH (pHi) regulation and pHi recovery from an intracellular acid load. CCD were studied using in vitro microperfusion, and pHi was measured in the individual A cell using the fluorescent, pH-sensitive dye, 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxy-fluorescein (BCECF). Inhibiting H(+)-ATPase with luminal bafilomycin A1 decreased basal pHi, whereas inhibiting apical H(+)-K(+)-ATPase with either luminal Sch-28080 or luminal potassium removal did not. The predominant mechanism of pHi, recovery from an intracellular acid load was peritubular sodium dependent and peritubular ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) sensitive, identifying basolateral Na+/H+ exchange activity. In the absence of peritubular sodium, pHi recovery was inhibited by luminal bafilomycin A1 but not by luminal Sch-28080 addition or by luminal potassium removal. However, when Na+/H+ exchange was inhibited with EIPA, both bafilomycin A1 sensitive and potassium dependent, Sch-28080-sensitive components of pHi recovery were present. Quantitatively, the rate of H(+)-ATPase proton secretion was greater than the rate of H(+)-K(+)-ATPase proton secretion. We conclude that basolateral Na+/H+ exchange is the predominant mechanism of A cell pHi recovery from an intracellular acid load. An apical H(+)-ATPase is the primary apical transporter contributing to A cell pHi regulation. An apical H(+)-K(+)-ATPase, while present, plays a more limited role under the conditions tested.
SU-A-BRC-00: AAPM Medical Physics Student Meeting: The Many Paths of Medical Physics

This year's Annual Student Meeting consists of a panel of professionals who have pursued a traditional education in medical physics and have since pursued a variety of careers. These range from chief medical physicist, small business founder, FDA scientist, industry R&D scientist, and academic researcher. Each panelist will discuss their education, positions that they have held leading to their current one, and factors that influenced them to pursue their careers. Time will be left at the end of the talk to open the floor for questions from students and trainees. Discussion between the presenters and participants is encouraged. Learning Objectives: 1.The audience will learn about how to prepare for a career in medical physics. 2.The audience will be able to consider some of the widely different job opportunities open to medical physicists. 3.The audience will gain a better understanding of some future challenges facing medical physics graduates. N. Childress, I am the owner of Mobius Medical Systems, LP.
Photorefractivity in doped non-linear polymers

Photorefractive polymer materials offer a number of potential advantages over inorganic materials, particularly low cost of material, low dc dielectric constant, ease of fabrication, and compatibility" with integrated optics. In these materials, a host matrix that is optically nonlinear by virtue of either poling or crystal growth is made photoconducting by the addition of dopant molecules which allow for charge generation, transport, and/or trapping. In comparison with organic crystals, the poled polymer materials in general offer additional flexibility in that they are easily doped, readily formed into thin films for waveguide experiments, and made acentric by poling. The detailed properties of the polymer materials are therefore of current interest so that the ultimate limits of performance of this new materials class can be determined.
Locating Palestine Within American Studies: Transitory Field Sites and Borrowed Methods

This chapter charts my circuitous arrival at solidarity tourism in Palestine as my subject of study and details how I fashioned a program of fieldwork from within the field of American Studies. I describe the stitching together of resources that enabled my fieldwork alongside fragments of interviews and field notes in order to trace the processes that allowed me to see solidarity tourism as a business and strategy that is both embedded in and working against histories of sustained displacement in Palestine. I thus show how my approach has treated fieldwork as interdisciplinarity, centralizing Palestine within American Studies and crafting an ethnographic practice shaped by a study of empire that exceeds the boundaries of disciplinary training.
Trade-Off of Expenditures for Food Away from Home for the Wife’s Housework Time by Employment Status

This research studies the impact of wives' housework time reduction of expenditures for food away from home. Results of the tobit analysis indicate that for both employed and non-employed wives, expenditures for food away from home are significantly and negatively related to housework time; however, employed wives spend twice as much for food away from home for every hour of reduced housework time than non-employed wives. The wife's estimated wage rate was positively related to food away from home expenditures. As income increases, wives will spend more on food away from home, but at a decreasing rate.
Comparison of Research Framing Preferences and Information Use of State Legislators and Advocates Involved in Cancer Control, United States, 2012-2013.

INTRODUCTION Evidence-based policy plays an important role in prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. The needs of actors involved in policy decision-making should inform knowledge translation strategies. This study examines the differences between state legislators and advocates in how they seek and use information and what their preferences are for how research information is framed. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional comparison of survey responses by US advocates (n = 77) and state legislators (n = 265) working on issues related to cancer control. RESULTS Advocates differed significantly from legislators on all demographic characteristics. Advocates reported seeking and using information more frequently than legislators, though legislators used legislative research bureaus more often (0.45 point difference, P = .004). Both legislators and advocates prioritized the presentation and timeliness of research information similarly but reported different preferences for source (information bias, information relevance, delivery of information by trusted person) of research information. Several differences between advocates and legislators were modified by participant age. CONCLUSION Our study provides insights for development of knowledge translation strategies to enhance evidence-based policy making for cancer control that are tailored to state-level legislators and advocates. Additional research efforts should evaluate the effectiveness of such knowledge translation strategies, particularly among advocates.
Comparison of Circle and Dodecagon Clock Designs for Visualizing 24-Hour Cyclical Data

Radial visualization is an important technique to depict serial periodic data. Circle clock design is intuitive to encode 24-hour cyclical data. However, the biggest limitation of the design is the accuracy of reading time points on circle. Dodecagon is another way to represent time series data. We empirically evaluated the effectiveness of circle and dodecagon clock design in perceiving specific points in time. A post-testing interview was also conducted to understand participants’ strategies to read the times. Results show that dodecagon is more accurate than circle in terms of reading time points. Dodecagon was voted as a powerful approach to read the time points and circle was regarded as a better beautiful visualization method.
Symmetric Duality: A Prelude

In deriving our results concerning infinite vector series [3], R. G. Jeroslow and I discovered a new framework for certain infinitely constrained problems which results in a symmetric primal-dual pair of programs. This pairing subsumes the standard primal-dual pair of linear programming, semi-infinite programming and even finite convex programming. In this paper, we present the abstract model as well as its reduction to the linear programming case and the semi-infinite case. In addition, we show how certain semi-infinite duality results extend in this setting. We leave to a subsequent joint paper the development of a complete duality theory.
Air Separation by Catechol-Ligated Transition Metals: A Quantum Chemical Screening

The separation of O2 and N2 from air is of great importance in a variety of industrial contexts, but the primary means of accomplishing the separation is cryogenic distillation, an energy-intensive process. A material that could enable air separation to occur at conventional temperatures would be of great economic and environmental benefit. Metalated catecholates within metal–organic frameworks have been considered for other gas separations and are shown here to have significant potential for air separation. Calculations of interaction energies between catecholates with first-row transition metals and guests O2 and N2 were performed using density functional theory and multireference complete active space self-consistent field followed by second-order perturbation theory. A general recipe is offered for active space selection for metalated catecholate systems. The multireference results are used to rationalize O2 binding in terms of redox activity with the metalated catecholate. O2 is predicted to bind mor...
Engineering Considerations for Remote Refabrication of EBR-II Fuel Elements

The development of remote-control methods for manufacturing EBR-II fuel elements is influenced by many interacting factors. Radiation levels within the process cell are predicted to range from 103 to 107 rad per hour. Radiation damage to organic lubricant, electrical insulations, elastic seals, and protective coatings precludes the use of many standard machine components. Heat generated in the fuel by absorbed radiation makes forced cooling necessary in many operations. Oxygen must be excluded from all operations in which the fuel is exposed. Equipment must be designed for remote maintenance and component replacement within the limitation of available manipulators. The EBR-II fuel consists of fissium alloy pins, sodium-bonded in stainless steel tubes. Precision casting is chosen as the basis for refabricating the fuel pins. Remote- control equipment is developed to cast, assemble, and inspect the EBR-II fuel elements. Radiation resistant, plug-in machine components are developed to give reasonable life expectancy and to allow remote maintenance and replacement.
Statistical Models of Heavy Ion Collisions and Their Parallels

Collisions between heavy ions produce highly fragmented nuclei, and at very high energies many new particles are produced. One approach to understanding the outcome of such collisions is based on statistical thermodynamics. This article discusses a simple statistical framework and shows its connection to several other approaches and fields. In the collision of two heavy ions or, in general, any two objects, the distribution of products and fragments is of concern. For example, the EOS collaboration1 reported a power law distribution of fragments with an exponent τ = 2.2. Namely, the number of clusters of size k falls as k −τ. This τ is related to the critical point properties of a nuclear liquid-gas phase transition, and using a percolative picture2 other critical exponents were obtained. Data on basalt-basalt collisions3 has a similar behavior: The number of fragments dN in a mass interval dm falls as dN/dm ~ m −τ with τ = 1.68, and this behavior occurs over 16 orders of magnitude in m. This feature also appears in the fragmentation of a piece of gypsum4 with an exponent τ = 1.63, and this property is used as an example of a behavior known as self-organized criticality.5 Even in the shuffling of a deck of cards, a power law can be found. Some of the specific ideas to be discussed will be illustrated with this simple example.
A multilevel, multicomponent childhood obesity prevention group-randomized controlled trial improves healthier food purchasing and reduces sweet-snack consumption among low-income African-American youth

Consumption of foods and beverages rich in sugar remains high across all races and ages in the United States. Interventions to address childhood obesity and decrease sugar intake are needed, particularly in low-income settings. B’more Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) was a group-randomized, controlled trial implemented among 9–15-year olds in 30 low-income areas of Baltimore. We increased access to low-sugar foods and beverages at wholesalers and small food stores. Concurrently, we encouraged their purchase and consumption by children through youth-led nutrition education in recreation centers, in-store promotions, text messaging and a social media program directed at caregivers. Sugar consumption (sugar sweetened beverage (SSB), sweets) in youth was assessed pre- (n = 534) and post-intervention (n = 401) using the Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire. Purchasing of 38 healthier and 28 less healthier food/beverage varieties in the previous 7 days was assessed via self-report. Multilevel models at the community and individual levels were used. Analyses were stratified by age (younger: 9–12-year olds (n = 339) vs older: 13–15 (n = 170)). Models were controlled for child’s sex, race, total daily caloric intake, and caregiver’s age and sex. Overall baseline mean healthier food purchasing was 2.5 (+ 3.6; min. 0, max. 34 items per week), and unhealthier food purchasing 4.6 (+ 3.7; 0–19 items per week). Mean intake at baseline for kcal from SSB was 176 (+ 189.1) and 153 (+ 142.5), and % of calories from sweets (i.e. cookies, cakes, pies, donuts, candy, ice cream, sweetened cereals, and chocolate beverages) was 15.9 (+ 9.7) and 15.9 (+ 7.7) in comparison and intervention youth, respectively. Intervention youth increased healthier foods and beverages purchases by 1.4 more items per week than comparison youth (β = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.1; 2.8). After the intervention, there was a 3.5% decrease in kcal from sweets for older intervention youth, compared to the control group (β = − 3.5; 95% CI: -7.76; − 0.05). No impact was seen on SSB consumption. BHCK successfully increased healthier food purchasing variety in youth, and decreased % calories from sweet snacks in older youth. Multilevel, multicomponent environmental childhood obesity programs are a promising strategy to improve eating behaviors among low-income urban youth. NCT02181010 (July 2, 2014, retrospectively registered).
Planning for regional sustainability and justice: The role of collective impact

ABSTRACTIn order to incentivize regional sustainability planning efforts, in 2010 and 2011 the US Department of Housing and Urban Development awarded Sustainable Communities Initiative Regional Pla...
Resurgence of Organomanganese(I) Chemistry. Bidentate Manganese(I) Phosphine–Phenol(ate) Complexes

As part of the United Nations 2019 celebration of the periodic table of elements, we are privileged to present our studies with the element manganese in this Forum Article series. Catalysis with organomanganese(I) complexes has recently emerged as an important area with the discovery that pincer manganese(I) complexes that can activate substrates through metal-ligand cooperative mechanisms are active (de)hydrogenation catalysts. However, this rapidly growing field faces several challenges, and we identify these in this Forum Article. Some of our efforts in addressing these challenges include using alternative precursors to Mn(CO)5Br to prepare manganese(I) dicarbonyl complexes, the latter of which is usually a component of active catalysts. Specifically, the synthesis of a new bidentate phosphine-phenol ligand along with its corresponding coordination chemistry of five new manganese(I) complexes is described. The complexes having two phenol-phenolate moieties interact with the secondary coordination sphere to enable facile loss of the bromido ligand and even one of the CO ligands to afford manganese(I) dicarbonyl centers.
Hospital Readmission Rates in Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare: A Retrospective Population-Based Analysis.

Background Medicare's Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program reports risk-standardized readmission rates for traditional Medicare but not Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. Objective To compare readmission rates between Medicare Advantage and traditional Medicare. Design Retrospective cohort study linking the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) file with the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS). Setting 4748 U.S. acute care hospitals. Patients Patients aged 65 years or older hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 841 613), congestive heart failure (CHF) (n = 1 458 652), or pneumonia (n = 2 020 365) between 2011 and 2014. Measurements 30-day readmissions. Results Among admissions for AMI, CHF, and pneumonia identified in MedPAR, 29.2%, 38.0%, and 37.2%, respectively, did not have a corresponding record in HEDIS. Of these, 18.9% for AMI, 23.7% for CHF, and 18.3% for pneumonia resulted in a readmission that was identified in MedPAR. However, among index admissions appearing in HEDIS, 14.4% for AMI, 18.4% for CHF, and 13.9% for pneumonia resulted in a readmission. Patients in Medicare Advantage had lower unadjusted readmission rates than those in traditional Medicare for all 3 conditions (16.6% vs. 17.1% for AMI, 21.4% vs. 21.7% for CHF, and 16.3% vs. 16.4% for pneumonia). However, after standardization, patients in Medicare Advantage had higher readmission rates than patients in traditional Medicare for AMI (17.2% vs. 16.9%; difference, 0.3 percentage point [95% CI, 0.1 to 0.5 percentage point]), CHF (21.7% vs. 21.4%; difference, 0.3 percentage point [CI, 0.2 to 0.5 percentage point]), and pneumonia (16.5% vs. 16.0%; difference, 0.5 percentage point [95% CI, 0.4 to 0.6 percentage point]). Rate differences increased between 2011 and 2014. Limitation Potential unobserved differences between populations. Conclusion The HEDIS data underreported hospital admissions for 3 common medical conditions, and readmission rates were higher among patients with underreported admissions. Medicare Advantage beneficiaries had higher risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates than traditional Medicare beneficiaries. Primary funding source National Institute on Aging.
Open Educational Resources in Behavior Analysis

Open educational resources (OERs) are materials that can be freely downloaded, edited, and shared to better serve all students. These resources are typically free of cost, reducing barriers to access for students and ensuring that all learners can have access to educational materials regardless of their financial status. OERs have been demonstrated to improve student performance and retention, especially for students traditionally underrepresented in higher education (e.g., first-generation, non-White students). Although there have been informal calls for additional OERs in behavior analysis, it is unclear whether behavior-analytic OERs exist. The aim of the current study was to use an OER aggregating metafinder to review what OERs are available on topics related to behavior analysis and whether sufficient resources exist to serve as primary course materials. Results indicate that OERs for behavior-analytic content exist but tend to be written by nonbehaviorists for use in survey courses in mainstream psychology. There also do not appear to be sufficient resources to support a course. Implications for promoting the development and dissemination of OERs, particularly with respect to increasing the recruitment and retention of diverse students in the field of behavior analysis, are discussed.
Lenalidomide and Vorinostat Maintenance after Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: Long- Term Follow-Up

ABSTRACT Post-autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) maintenance therapy with lenalidomide is standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Effective and tolerable drug combinations may further enhance the clinical response post-ASCT. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induces antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in patients with MM. We hypothesized that combination maintenance therapy would further prolong the clinical response achieved from transplantation. We previously reported that the combination of lenalidomide and vorinostat as maintenance post-ASCT was tolerable in 16 patients with MM. We now present the long-term follow up of these patients. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes were characterized using the Kaplan-Meier method. Five patients (31%) had high-risk disease, and the median number of lines of therapy before ASCT was 1 (range, 1 to 5). With a median follow-up of 89.8 months from ASCT, the median PFS was 64.3 months (range, 21.7 months to not reached [NR]), and OS was not reached (median, 53.0 months to NR). At the time of this report, 5 patients remained on the study. The combination of vorinostat and lenalidomide as maintenance post-ASCT is tolerable and induces a durable response. A phase III randomized study of lenalidomide versus a combination with vorinostat is warranted.
Cognitive performance and cognitive workload in multiple sclerosis: Two different constructs of cognitive functioning?

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (iwMS) is traditionally diagnosed using performance measures on cognitive tests. Yet, performance on cognitive tests does not convey the amount of mental effort or cognitive workload it takes to complete the task. The main aim was to evaluate whether cognitive performance and cognitive workload are two different constructs of cognitive functioning in iwMS. Methods IwMS were categorized into cognitive impairments (iwMS+, n = 10) and no cognitive impairments (iwMS-, n = 12) using their performance on Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS). Their scores on BICAMS, Stroop, and trail making tests were compared to age- and education-matched controls (n = 22). Cognitive workload was assessed using the self-reported NASA Task Load Index and the Index of Cognitive Activity, derived from pupillary response. Results IwMS+ performed worse on most cognitive tests compared to iwMS- and controls. However, iwMS+ did not report or exhibit greater cognitive workload compared to the other groups. Potential confounding variables, such as sex, use of antidepressants, and symptoms of depression, fatigue, and dysautonomia did not influence the lack of correlation between cognitive performance and cognitive workload in all three groups. Conclusion Cognitive performance and cognitive workload seem to measure different cognitive constructs of cognitive functioning in MS. Our results suggest that iwMS+ do not show effective allocation of cognitive resources to compensate for deteriorated performance in cognitive tests.
Glycans, Glycosite, and Intact Glycopeptide Analysis of N-Linked Glycoproteins Using Liquid Handling Systems

Aberrant glycosylation has been shown to associate with disease progression, and with glycoproteins representing the major protein component of biological fluids this makes them attractive targets for disease monitoring. Leveraging glycoproteomic analysis via mass spectrometry (MS) could provide the insight into the altered glycosylation patterns that relate to disease progression. However, investigation of large sample cohorts requires rapid, efficient, and highly reproducible sample preparation. To address the limitation, we developed a high-throughput method for characterizing glycans, glycosites, and intact glycopeptides (IGPs) derived from N-linked glycoproteins. We combined disparate peptide enrichment strategies (i.e., hydrophilic and hydrophobic) and a liquid handling platform allowing for a high throughput and rapid enrichment of IGP in a 96-well plate format. The C18/MAX-Tip workflow reduced sample processing time and facilitated the selective enrichment of IGPs from complex samples. Furthermore, our approach enabled the analysis of deglycosylated peptides and glycans from enriched IGPs following PNGase F digest. Following development and optimization of the C18/MAX-Tip methodology using the standard glycoprotein, fetuin, we investigated normal urine samples to obtain N-linked glycoprotein information. Together, our method enables a high-throughput enrichment of glycan, glycosites, and IGPs from biological samples.
Faculty Incivility Toward Graduate Students: Voices of Two African American Women

Student workers are placed at a disadvantage as they have little social power, making them vulnerable to maltreatment by those with higher social power such as supervisors and other faculty members. There is little research that documents incidences of incivility toward student workers. In this study, we delineated the experiences of two African American women who encountered faculty incivility while serving in the role of graduate student worker. The related literature offers insight into the existence of incivility, including the prevalence of workplace incivility, incivility in higher education, social identities and personal accounts. We offered the Student Worker Support (SWS) model that can serve as a reference for adult educators as they encounter, supervise, or instruct student workers.
Cylindrical rotating Rayleigh–Taylor instability

We consider a spun-up system of an inner cylinder of fluid surrounded by an outer fluid layer within a rotating cylindrical container, in the absence of gravity. The outer layer may be of differing density and viscosity to the inner layer. If the inner layer is denser than the outer layer then the effect of rotation, in the presence of a perturbation to the interface between the two layers, is to force the inner fluid outwards and the outer fluid inwards, subject to possible surface tension stabilisation. The relative importance of viscosity to rotation is described by an Ekman number. We investigate the behaviour of perturbations to the interface in the inviscid limit and low and high viscosity limits. In the low viscosity limit, perturbations grow as an . In the absence of surface tension, the preferred mode of growth is independent of the layer density difference and depends only upon the domain aspect ratio, initial position of the interface, and viscosity contrast. Numerical simulations of the flow are carried out using a volume-of-fluid formulation. The growth rates from these simulations are compared with the theoretical predictions in both low and high viscosity limits and the agreement is seen to be good. Finally, we examine the special case of a single-layer rotating viscous column and describe the preferred-mode boundary between a varicose mode and a spiral mode in the high viscosity, high surface tension limit.