cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rotating black holes on codimension 2 branes

It has recently been demonstrated that certain types of nontensional stress-energy can live on tensional codimension-2 branes, including gravitational shockwaves and small Schwarzschild black holes. In this paper we generalize the earlier Schwarzschild results, and construct the exact gravitational fields of small rotating black holes on a codimension-2 brane. We focus on the phenomenologically interesting case of a three-brane embedded in a spacetime with two compactified extra dimensions. For a nonzero tension on the brane, we verify that these solutions also show the ``lightning rod'' effect found in the Schwarzschild solutions, the net effect of which is to rescale the fundamental Planck mass. This allows for larger black hole parameters, such as the event horizon, angular momentum, and lifetime than would be naively expected for a tensionless brane. It is also found that a black hole with angular momentum pointing purely along the brane directions has a smaller horizon angular velocity than the corresponding tensionless case, while a hole with bulk components of angular momentum has a larger angular velocity.
Time trends in mortality for thiamethoxam and fipronil against formosan subterranean termites and eastern subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Time trends in mortality for the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), were determined for thiamethoxam and fipronil. Filter paper treated with 50 ppm thiamethoxam led to >80% mortality in 2-4 d for R. flavipes, whereas 5 ppm thiamethoxam resulted in >80% mortality in 2-3 d for C. formosanus. Filter paper treated with 1 ppm fipronil resulted in >80% mortality in 5 d for R. flavipes and 9 d for C. formosanus, indicating that thiamethoxam is faster acting than fipronil. As concentration decreases for slow-acting termiticides, the time required for adverse effects to be fully expressed increases.
Dihydropyridine- and Neurotoxin-Sensitive and -Insensitive Calcium Currents in Acutely Dissociated Neurons of the Rat Central Amygdala

Yu, Baojian and Patricia Shinnick-Gallagher. Dihydropyridine- and neurotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive calcium currents in acutely dissociated neurons of the rat central amygdala. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 690–701, 1997. The central amygdala (CeA) is an area involved in emotional learning and stress, and identification of Ca2+ currents is essential to understanding interneuronal communication through this nucleus. The purpose of this study was to separate and characterize dihydropyridine (DHP)- and neurotoxin-sensitive and -resistant components of the whole cell Ca2+ current ( I Ca) in acutely dissociated rat CeA neurons with the use of whole cell patch-clamp recording. Saturating concentrations of nimodipine (NIM, 5 μM), a DHP antagonist, blocked 22% of I Ca; this NIM-sensitive (L-type) current was recorded in 68% of CeA neurons. The DHP agonist Bay K 8644 (5 μM) produced a 36% increase in I Ca in a similar proportion of CeA neurons (70%). ω-Conotoxin GVIA (CgTx GVIA, 1 μM) in saturating concentrations inhibited 30% of I Ca, whereas ω-agatoxin IVA (Aga IVA, 100 nM), in concentrations known to block P-type currents, did not affect I Ca. Higher concentrations of Aga IVA (1 μM) alone reduced I Ca by 34%, but in the presence of NIM (5 μM) and CgTx GVIA (1 μM) blocked only 18% of I Ca. ω-Conotoxin MVIIC (CgTx MVIIC, 250 nM) reduced I Ca by 13% in the presence of CgTx GVIA (1 μM). Application of NIM (5 mM), CgTx GVIA (1 μM), and Aga IVA (1 μM) blocked ∼67% of I Ca. A similar portion (63%) of Ca2+ current was blocked with CgTx MVIIC (250 nM) in the presence of NIM (5 μM) and CgTx GVIA (1 μM). The current resistant to NIM and the neurotoxins represented 37% of I Ca, whereas in neurons not having L-type currents the resistant current made up ∼53% of I Ca (49 ± 2%, mean ± SE). The resistant current activated at around −40 mV and peaked at ∼0 mV with half-activation and -inactivation potentials of −17 and −58 mV and slopes for activation and inactivation of −5 and 13 mV, respectively. The resistant current was sensitive to Cd2+ (IC50 = 2.5 μM) and Ni2+ (IC50 = 86 μM), was larger in Ca2+ than in Ba2+ (ratio = 1.31:1), and showed a moderate rate of decay. In summary, our results show that the high-voltage-activated calcium current in rat CeA neurons is composed of at least four pharmacologically distinct components: L-type current (NIM sensitive, 22%), N-type current (CgTx GVIA sensitive, 30%), Q-type current [Aga IVA (1 μM) and CgTx MVIIC sensitive, ∼13–18%], and a resistant current (Non-L, -N, and -Q current, 33 ∼ 37%), amounting to 37–53% of the total current. The resistant current has some electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics in common with doe-1, α1E, and R-type calcium currents, but remains unclassified.
Steady-state economics

A controversial treatise on the economics of global sustainability, which explains how to integrate ecological and economic concerns. The text has been revised and updated since the first edition was published in 1977, in order to include new essays and to take account of recent developments.
Quantification of Cinematography Semiotics for Video-based Facial Emotion Recognition in the EmotiW 2015 Grand Challenge

The Emotion Recognition in the Wild challenge poses significant problems to state of the art auditory and visual affect quantification systems. To overcome the challenges, we investigate supplementary meta features based on film semiotics. Movie scenes are often presented and arranged in such a way as to amplify the emotion interpreted by the viewing audience. This technique is referred to as mise en scene in the film industry and involves strict and intentional control of color palette, light source color, and arrangement of actors and objects in the scene. To this end, two algorithms for extracting mise en scene information are proposed. Rule of thirds based motion history histograms detect motion along rule of thirds guidelines. Rule of thirds color layout descriptors compactly describe a scene at rule of thirds intersections. A comprehensive system is proposed that measures expression, emotion, vocalics, syntax, semantics, and film-based meta information. The proposed mise en scene features have a higher classification rate and ROC area than LBP-TOP features on the validation set of the EmotiW 2015 challenge. The complete system improves classification performance over the baseline algorithm by 3.17% on the testing set.
Prehistoric Genetic and Culture Change: A Bioarchaeological Search for Pre-Inka Altiplano Colonies in the Coastal Valleys of Moquegua, Peru, and Azapa, Chile

This investigation uses a bioarchaeological approach to test the existence of pre-Inka colonists within the Andean coastal valleys of Moquegua, Peru, and Azapa, Chile, as predicted by Murra's (1972) classic model of verticality. The archaeological evidence and biodistance results obtained using genetically controlled dental traits from 859 skeletal and mummified remains indicate that the Late Intermediate period (A.D. 1100-1476) coastal Chiribaya people of the Moquegua Valley, Peru, likely represent descendants of altiplano populations that migrated to the coastal region following the disintegration of the Middle Horizon (A.D. 750-1100) Tiwanaku colony located in the middle Moquegua Valley. In the neighboring Azapa Valley, Chile, genetic change among prehistoric populations was due to gradual in situ microevolution of local populations rather than colonization by altiplano people. Coastal populations of the Azapa Valley maintained biocultural continuity with the Archaic period Chinchorro coastal population. It is concluded that Murra's model of direct verticality should be evaluated using both biological and archaeological data on a case-by-case basis.
The Evolving Demographics of the Union Movement

Trend analyses indicate that the union movement is becoming less white and more female. In this research, the author examines the transitions of persons in and out of the union movement in order to understand whether diversification is due to behavior or structure. Results indicate that African Americans transitioned comparatively faster than others from nonunion to union employment, even after controlling for industry and occupation. Latina/os also display evidence of an above-average preference for union representation, with transitions into unions suppressed by immigrant status. For women, the growing demographic numbers appear to be due to the relative stability of the industry or occupation in which persons are employed. In general, the findings for part-time workers, education, and annual trends point to an increasingly challenging environment for unionizing over the decade.
Medical Ethics in Today’s Society

I want to express my great thanks to the Board of Regents for the high honor to be chosen as the 1993 Ethics and Philosophy Lecturer. Cognizant of the great importance of ethics in surgical practice and the implications of our decisions, I accepted this challenge with alacrity but also with humility. On occasions such as this lecture, this speaker wonders if he will say the correct things or at least say them with the conviction and vitality that surgical and ethical principles demand. However, being in the company of colleagues — Fellows of the American College of Surgeons — makes my task an easier one in this regard. The College is deeply indebted to John Conley, MD, FACS, who proposed and financially supports this lecture, which is devoted to the essence of medicine — its character, style, discipline, and philosophy. Further, it allows us to consider the ethical dilemmas that confront surgeons today.
Approximation of Measures by Fractal Generation Techniques

In this paper we discuss the constructive approximation aspects of a measure generating technique that was developed in the last decade by fractal geometers. Measures are generated as stationary distributions of Markov chains that are related to function iteration. The general framework provides a robust machine for constructing parametric families of measures and is, thus, very well suited for measure approximation problems. This formalism — called iterated function system theory — has found application in computer image synthesis and image compression. In fact some of the early work was motivated by a desire to create more realistic images for flight simulators. Other areas of potential application include dynamical systems, signal processing - especially chaotic signals, and quadrature theory.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in post stroke aphasia and primary progressive aphasia: Current knowledge and future clinical applications

Background The application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in chronic post stroke aphasia is documented in a substantial literature, and there is some new evidence that tDCS can augment favorable language outcomes in primary progressive aphasia. Anodal tDCS is most often applied to the left hemisphere language areas to increase cortical excitability (increase the threshold of activation) and cathodal tDCS is most often applied to the right hemisphere homotopic areas to inhibit over activation in contralesional right homologues of language areas. Outcomes usually are based on neuropsychological and language test performance, following a medical model which emphasizes impairment of function, rather than a model which emphasizes functional communication. Objective In this paper, we review current literature of tDCS as it is being used as a research tool, and discuss future implementation of tDCS as an adjuvant treatment to behavioral speech-language pathology intervention. Methods We review literature describing non-invasive brain stimulation, the mechanism of tDCS, and studies of tDCS in aphasia and neurodegenerative disorders. We discuss future clinical applications. Results/conclusions tDCS is a promising adjunct to traditional speech-language pathology intervention to address speech-language deficits after stroke and in the neurodegenerative disease, primary progressive aphasia. Limited data are available regarding how performance on these types of specific tasks translates to functional communication outcomes.
Terawatt lasers produce faster electron acceleration

Article de synthese sur les accelerateurs d'electrons par laser. Sources de rayons X basees sur ces accelerateurs
Equations over Finite Fields

We have seen that for each prime p, there is a field F p of p elements. In fact, given any prime p and an integer r ≥ 1, there is one and only one field F q of q = p r elements. The field F q ⊇ F p and for each α in F q , pα = 0. Conversely, any finite field is F q , for some q = p r (cf. Ref. 18). The field F q is characterized by the property $$f\left( X \right) = X^q - X = \mathop \Pi \limits_{\alpha \varepsilon {\text{F}}_q } \;\left( {X - \alpha } \right)$$ .
Measurement of phase resetting curves using optogenetic barrage stimuli.

Abstract Background The phase resetting curve (PRC) is a primary measure of a rhythmically firing neuron's responses to synaptic input, quantifying the change in phase of the firing oscillation as a function of the input phase. PRCs provide information about whether neurons will synchronize due to synaptic coupling or shared input. However, PRC estimation has been limited to in vitro preparations where stable intracellular recordings can be obtained and background activity is minimal, and new methods are required for in vivo applications. New method We estimated PRCs using dense optogenetic stimuli and extracellular spike recording. Autonomously firing neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) of Thy1-channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) transgenic mice were stimulated with random barrages of light pulses, and PRCs were determined using multiple linear regression. Results The PRCs obtained were type-I, showing only phase advances in response to depolarizing input, and generally sloped upward from early to late phases. Secondary PRCs, indicating the effect on the subsequent ISI, showed phase delays primarily for stimuli arriving at late phases. Phase models constructed from the optogenetic PRCs accounted for a large fraction of the variance in ISI length and provided a good approximation of the spike-triggered average stimulus. Comparison with existing methods Compared to methods based on intracellular current injection, the new method sacrifices some temporal resolution. However, it should be much more widely applicable in vivo , because only extracellular recording and optogenetic stimulation are required. Conclusions These results demonstrate PRC estimation using methods suitable for in vivo applications.
Magnetically Frustrated Quaternary Chalcogenides with Interpenetrating Diamond Lattices

A series of quaternary sulfides of the composition Na3MGaS4 (M = Mn (1), Fe (2), and Co (3)) have been synthesized in sealed quartz ampules. In these compounds, divalent transition metal and Ga occupy the same crystallographic site in the Ga–S network, forming a supertetrahedral, T2 (adamantane) unit, through the corner-sharing of four M/GaS4 tetrahedra. The corner sulfur atoms of the T2 clusters are further connected to similar T2 units to form an open continuous three-dimensional (3D) anionic framework of composition {[Ga2M2S8]n}6–. The framework resembles a zinc blende structure type if each T2 cluster is considered as a single tetrahedron and two such frameworks are intertwined to generate channels wherein reside the extra-framework Na+ ions. Placement of transition metals (Mn or Fe or Co) in the corner of a perfect supertetrahedron, adamantane building unit, generates an ideal lattice for geometrical magnetic frustration, which, on dilution with nonmagnetic metal (Ga), creates an ideal case for rando...
Special protections for mental health treatment notes.

A discussion of how to handle the documentation of mental health care in electronic medical records so that patient wishes for confidentiality are balanced with the need for interdisciplinary communication and care coordination.
Digitalization of Human Operations in the Age of Cyber Manufacturing: Sensorimotor Analysis of Manual Grinding Performance

Author(s): Bales, GL; Das, J; Tsugawa, J; Linke, B; Kong, Z | Abstract: This paper presents new techniques to analyze and understand the sensorimotor characteristics of manual operations such as grinding, and links their influence on process performance. A grinding task, though simple, requires the practitioner to combine elements from the large repertoire of his or her skillset. Based on the joint gaze, force, and velocity data collected from a series of manual grinding experiments, we have compared operators with different levels of experience and quantitatively described characteristics of human manual skill and their effects on manufacturing process parameters such as cutting energy, surface finish, and material removal rate (MRR). For instance, we find that an experienced subject performs the task in a precise manner by moving the tool in complex paths, with lower applied forces and velocities, and short fixations compared to a novice. A detailed understanding of gaze-motor behavior broadens our knowledge of how a manual task is executed. Our results help to provide this extra insight, and impact future efforts in workforce training as well as the digitalization of manual expertise, thereby facilitating the transformation of raw data into product-specific knowledge.
On the practical usefulness of least squares for assessing uncertainty in hydrologic and water quality predictions

Abstract Sophisticated methods for uncertainty quantification have been proposed for overcoming the pitfalls of simple statistical inference in hydrology. The implementation of such methods is conceptually and computationally challenging, however, especially for large-scale models. Here, we explore whether there are circumstances in which simple approaches, such as least squares, produce comparably accurate and reliable predictions. We do so using three case studies, with two involving a small sewer catchment with limited calibration data, and one an agricultural river basin with rich calibration data. We also review additional published case studies. We find that least squares performs similarly to more sophisticated approaches such as a Bayesian autoregressive error model in terms of both accuracy and reliability if calibration periods are long or if the input data and the model have minimal bias. Overall, we find that, when mindfully applied, simple statistical methods such as least squares can still be useful for uncertainty quantification.
Control of Estrus in Gilts with a Progestogen

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a synthetic progestogen, allyl trenbolone, for control of estrus and ovulation in gilts. Estrus was effectively synchronized with 33 of 38 gilts exhibiting estrus 2 to 7 days after last progestogen feeding. There was no effect on fertilization rate in gilts free of ovarian abnormalities. Ovulation rate was higher in gilts fed the progestogen in both Trial 1 (P less than .01) and Trial 2 (P less than .10). Progestogen treatment caused an increase (P less than .01) in the incidence of cystic follicles which resulted in a decrease (P less than .01) in conception rate in Trial 1.
Coadministration of intramuscular olanzapine and benzodiazepines in agitated patients with mental illness

Abstract Introduction: Intramuscular antipsychotics are commonly used to manage agitated patients. In 2005, Eli Lilly placed a warning on olanzapine's prescribing information following post-marketi...
Interventions for Pediatric Sepsis and Their Impact on Outcomes: A Brief Review

In the current era, pediatric sepsis remains a public health problem of significant prevalence and impact. With mortality rates practically unchanged over the years, this review hopes to briefly summarize the epidemiology and the current interventions for pediatric sepsis and point towards possible areas of improvement. Most pediatric studies of sepsis are either small, retrospective or observational. Given information technology spreading across country, and a stronger presence of clinical networks, development of multicenter prospective studies over the next decade should enable better treatments for pediatric sepsis, and improved outcomes.
On Durban’s Docks: Zulu Workers, Rural Households, Global Labor

The fundamental problem of labor history begins and ends with the manner in which we define “labor.” Ralph Callebert’s recent book begins with this question, and uses it as a conduit to help clarif...
Closing the Gap: Redesigning Data Capture to Support Both Clinical Operations and Outcomes Reporting

Background As HSCT outcomes data reporting demand and case management documentation grows with patient volume and associated long term survival, transplant centers are seeking opportunities to improve the quality and more readily access the large variety of data available. A transplant and cell therapies workflow reengineering approach was developed at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) to leverage the functionality of a new combined case management and outcomes reporting system. While the workflow redesign impacts many disciplines in the program, special attention is drawn to a key workflow change that moves the outcomes data reporting team members from delayed retroactive reporting to contemporaneous data capture that supports both optimal CIBMTR outcomes repository reporting and case management during and throughout phases of care. The goal of this project was to leverage timely data capture to better inform optimal patient management as well as improve the quality of outcomes data collected. Methods A detailed current state work flow mapping process of the HSCT and cell therapies program was completed in 2017 to serve as a baseline during a series of workshops that engaged key stakeholders from all disciplines involved in patient care, coordination, and outcomes reporting to identify inefficiencies, workarounds, and pain-points. The workflows were organized into segments so that each can be modified using the SIPOR method (Suppliers, Input, Process, Output, Recipients). This framework enabled the creation of future state maps for implementation to enable staff to tap into functionality of the new consolidated data repository, outcomes reporting and case management application. Outcomes The future state design project using the SIPOR method enabled the production of highly detailed workflows that align effectively with software configuration. A special workshop series focused on the specific problem of moving CIBMTR and other outcomes data reporting into the case management stages of the overall workflow. This includes pre-treatment evaluation, donor or collection evaluation and donor selection, active treatment period and acute post-treatment information, and long term follow-up outcomes. The SIPOR method allowed the workshops to quickly achieve key program goals to ensure ready access to currently available patient progress information that optimizes patient coordination, eliminate multiple and late data reporting, provide access to readily available data for analytics alongside all other clinical data, and improve accuracy and quality of reported data. A key human factor improvement includes the melding of data reporting staff into the clinical and coordination teams that allowed for quick access to providers and others for learning and timely resolution of data problems.
Abstract # 3163 Patterns of resting brain activity, mood disturbance and intermediate (CD14++ CD16+) monocyte expansion in post-menopausal women living with HIV

HIV-positive individuals are susceptible to expansion of the non-classical and intermediate pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Persistent HIV-related inflammation contributes to neurodegeneration but effects on limbic brain centers are not well understood. Here, we compare PBMCs and their expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to resting brain activity and mood within and between 19 HIV + and 19 HIV- (mean age = 54.5, SD = 5.68) post-menopausal women. Mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (mALFF), Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (POMS) and PBMCs immunophenotyped by flow cytometry were collected on consecutive days. PBMCs were classified into classical (CD14++ CD16−), intermediate (CD14++ CD16+) and non-classical (CD14low/+ CD++) monocyte subsets. PBMCs underwent intracellular staining for IL-6, TNF-a, IL1-b and IL-10 cytokines. One sample t-tests indicated that, compared to classical PBMCs, there was greater nonclassical IL-6 and intermediate IL-6, IL1-b and IL-10 expression. Total mood disturbance correlated with intermediate (r = .474, p = .003) and non-classical (r = .425, p = .010) PBMCs (Bonferroni corrected). Percentage of intermediate PBMCs also predicted greater activity within the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), (T = 3.35, k = 50 p=.002, cluster thresholded), a region associated with sickness behavior and depression. However, using a 5-mm sphere surrounding the sgACC parameter estimates failed to correlate with mood disturbance (r = .196, p > .05). Our findings suggest that expansion of the intermediate monocyte pool may reflect increased activation within neurovisceral limbic regions.
Understanding the Emergence of Authoritarian Capitalist States: Looking Backward to See Forward:

This paper examines how contemporary analysts can use the analytical legacy of earlier Marxist writers on fascism and authoritarianism to understand the present. I argue that the emergence of dicta...
Prototyping for context: exploring stakeholder feedback based on prototype type, stakeholder group and question type.

Engineering designers frequently use prototypes to gather input from stakeholders. Design guidelines recommend the use of quick and simple prototypes early and often in a design process. However, the type and quality of a prototype can influence how stakeholders perceive a new design concept and can, therefore, impact their responses. Additionally, different levels of experience, expertise, and preparedness for providing input to designers may lead stakeholders from different geographical or cultural settings to provide different responses, making the format of a prototype even more influential. Although design practitioners are known to intentionally align their prototyping approaches with the specific design question to be answered, it is unclear the extent to which prototyping approaches should vary based on the stakeholder, context, and setting of a design project. To investigate how the format and quality of prototypes influence stakeholders’ responses, we conducted a field study with various medical professionals in Ghana. We presented prototypes for a medical device in different formats to stakeholders and collected responses to the design through semi-structured interviews. Our findings indicate that professional expertise, prototype format, and question type influenced the types of responses that stakeholders provided. These findings suggest that designers seeking input from stakeholders on new concepts should consider context-specific prototyping strategies, especially when designing at distance and across cultures.
Individual differences in model-based planning are linked to the ability to infer latent structure

Abstract To behave adaptively, people must choose actions that maximize their expected future rewards. Engaging in such goal-directed decision-making in turn requires the capacity to (1) develop an internal model of one’s environment (i.e., representing the relationship between current and future states; structure inference), and (2) navigate this cognitive model to determine the action(s) that will lead to the most rewarding future state (model-based planning). While previous work has identified putative mechanisms underlying these two processes, it has yet to test the prediction that one’s ability to infer structure should constrain their ability to engage in model-based planning. Here we test this prediction using a novel task we developed to specifically isolate individual differences in structure inference ability. Participants (N=77) viewed a series of object pairs. Unbeknownst to them, each pair was drawn at random from adjacent nodes in an underlying graph. They then performed two tasks that measured the extent to which participants were able to infer the graph structure from these disjointed pairs: (1) judging the relative distances of sets of three nodes, (2) constructing the graph. We identified a single underlying factor that captured variability in performance across these tasks, and showed that this variability in this measure of structure inference ability was selectively associated with the extent to which participants exhibited model-based planning in the two-step task (Daw et al., 2011), a well-characterized assay of such behavior. Our work validates a new method for isolating one’s capacity for structure inference, and confirms that individuals who are more limited in this capacity are less likely to engage in model-based planning. These findings bridge separate areas of research that examine goal-directed planning and its component processes. They further provide a path towards better understanding deficits in these component processes, and how they constrain one’s ability to achieve long-term goals.
Zinc finger protein 593 is upregulated during skeletal muscle atrophy and modulates muscle cell differentiation.

Abstract Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that can arise due to aging, cancer, corticosteroid use, and denervation. To better characterize the molecular genetic events of neurogenic atrophy, a previous study analyzed gene expression patterns in gastrocnemius muscle following sciatic nerve transection and found for the first time that Zinc Finger Protein 593 (Zfp593) is expressed in skeletal muscle and is induced in response to denervation. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that Zfp593 is expressed in both proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. To assess sub-cellular location, GFP-tagged Zfp593 was expressed in C2C12 cells and found to localize to the nucleus. The Zfp593 protein possesses a putative zinc finger domain and is believed to function as a modulator of the Oct-2 transcription factor. Interestingly, ectopic expression of Zfp593 did not affect the ability of Oct-1 or Oct-2 to inhibit an Oct reporter gene in muscle cells. Finally, Zfp593 overexpression in cultured muscle cells resulted in significant repression of muscle cell differentiation and attenuation of ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation, but did not vitiate protein synthesis. The discovery that Zfp593 is expressed in skeletal muscle combined with the observation that it is induced in response to neurogenic atrophy furthers our understanding of the molecular genetic events of muscle wasting.
Physical Layer Security Analysis in The Priority-Based 5G Spectrum Sharing Systems

In this work, we study an eavesdropping attack in a priority-based 5G spectrum sharing system and analyze the secrecy performance of the sharing systems through the secrecy outage probability analysis. We consider two spectrum sharing scenarios for the analysis of such a priority-based sharing. In the first scenario, the higher priority system fairly shares the spectrum with a lower priority system, and we show the impact of jointly securing the transmissions can be balanced between the higher priority and the lower priority system. In the second scenario, the higher priority system requires to decode the messages of the lower priority system. In this case, we observe that the lower priority transmissions could help the higher priority system achieve a better secrecy performance. For each scenario, we present a secrecy outage probability analysis which can be used as an indicator of the level of secrecy for each sharing system.
Exploration of Environmental DNA (eDNA) to Detect Kirtland's Snake ( Clonophis kirtlandii)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys utilize DNA shed by organisms into their environment in order to detect their presence. This technique has proven effective in many systems for detecting rare or cryptic species that require high survey effort. One potential candidate for eDNA surveying is Kirtland's Snake (Clonophis kirtlandii), a small natricine endemic to the midwestern USA and threatened throughout its range. Due to its cryptic and fossorial lifestyle, it is also a notoriously difficult snake to survey, which has limited efforts to understand its ecology. Our goal was to utilize eDNA surveys for this species to increase detection probability and improve survey efficiency to assist future conservation efforts. We conducted coverboard surveys and habitat analyses to determine the spatial and temporal activity of snakes, and used this information to collect environmental samples in areas of high and low snake activity. In addition, we spiked artificial crayfish burrows with Kirtland's Snake feces to assess the persistence of eDNA under semi-natural conditions. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using a hydrolysis probe was developed to screen the environmental samples for Kirtland's Snake eDNA that excluded closely related and co-occurring species. Our field surveys showed that snakes were found in the spring during the first of two seasons, and in areas with abundant grass, herbaceous vegetation, and shrubs. We found that eDNA declines within a week under field conditions in artificial crayfish burrows. In environmental samples of crayfish burrow water and sediment, soil, and open water, a single detection was found out of 380 samples. While there may be physicochemical and biological explanations for the low detection observed, characteristics of assay performance and sampling methodology may have also increased the potential for false negatives. We explored these outcomes in an effort to refine and advance the successful application of eDNA surveying in snakes and groundwater microhabitats.
Thermal Erasure in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Finite-size scaling is utilized to study the erasure mechanism in heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). Predicted scaling equations are evaluated both numerically and experimentally by using the write current-assist percentage (WCAP) method. The method estimates the erasing temperature of an external magnetic field by writing and erasing magnetization patterns at different frequencies. In particular, WCAP modeling shows that the Curie temperature scales according to the time scale that the recording grain is exposed to the elevated temperature. The deviation of the erase temperature from $T_{c}$ for different values of the applied field is also used to estimate the scaling behavior of the anisotropy field $H_{k}$ and the critical exponent $\beta $ . In addition, the Stoner–Wohlfarth model is shown to be an accurate approximation for field angle dependence of the erasing process for the FePt media. Faster roll-off in the effective field is observed at small angles for the thermal ECC media.
Land is now the biggest gun: climate change and conflict in Karamoja, Uganda

Places that are both recovering from violent conflict and dependent on natural recourses face the overlapping challenges of reducing the risk of recurring conflict, promoting economic recovery, and...
Conveying quality and value in emerging industries: Star scientists and the role of signals in biotechnology

This paper addresses the role that scientific status plays in initial public offerings of technology focused firms. The paper builds on the literature of the sociology of science as well as the work of Spence (1974) and Podolny (1993) and argues that the presence of a Nobel laureate affiliated with a firm making an IPO provides a signal of firm quality to potential investors. Moreover, and building on the work of Podolny and Scott Morton (1999) and Stuart et al. (1999) we hypothesize that the importance of status diminishes as other measures of firm quality become available. We test our hypothesis for two periods of initial public offerings in biotechnology. We document that there is a clear difference in “maturity” of the firms across the two windows on a number of metrics. Consistent with our hypothesis that Nobel laureates play an important role as a non-financial signal of firm quality, we find that first-window firms with a Nobel laureate affiliate realize greater IPO proceeds in the amount of $24 million. In the second window the amount of money raised is not significantly different between Nobel and non-Nobel firms. This finding is consistent with the signaling literature that argues that the importance of a signal is inversely related to the availability of cogent information on firm quality. Consistent with this view, we also find a change between the two windows in the importance of other non-financial metrics used to convey value. Our research is one of the first to examine the dynamic nature of signals. Because we are unable to distinguish the extent to which the reduction in uncertainty at the firm level is correlated with the reduction of uncertainty at the industry level, the question remains as to the extent to which the diminished importance of signals in our second period is due to a change in market uncertainty versus a change in firm uncertainty.
Fatigue damage tracking and life prediction of fiberglass composites using a laser induced graphene interlayer

Abstract Fiberglass-reinforced composite materials are commonly used in engineering structures subjected to dynamic loading, such as wind turbine blades, automobiles, and aircraft, where they experience a wide range of unpredictable operating conditions. The ability to monitor these structures while in operation and predict their remaining structural life without requiring their removal from service has the potential to drastically reduce maintenance costs and improve reliability. This work exploits piezoresistive laser induced graphene (LIG) integrated into fiberglass-reinforced composites for in-situ fatigue damage monitoring and lifespan prediction. The LIG is integrated within fiberglass composites using a transfer-printing process that is scalable with the potential for automation, thus reducing barriers for widespread application. The addition of the conductive LIG within the traditionally insulating fiberglass composites enables direct in-situ damage monitoring through simple passive resistance measurements during tension-tension fatigue loading. The accumulation and propagation of structural damage are detected throughout the fatigue life of the composite through changes to the electrical resistance measurements, and the measurement trends are further used to predict the onset of catastrophic composite failure. Thus, this work results in a scalable and multifunctional composite material with self-sensing capabilities for potential use in high-performing, dynamic, and flexible composite structures.
E-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury and the risks and benefits of a thorough infectious work-up

As of February 2020, over 2800 cases of lung injury associated with vapes have been reported in all 50 states (Cullen et al., 2019) [1]. This case is about a 29-year-old female with a five-year history of vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) who presented with symptoms consistent with e-cigarette, or vaping, product-use associated lung injury (EVALI). This case report is unique because this patient clinically improved on a lower dose of corticosteroids compared to other reported cases of EVALI. Additionally, this case report highlights the importance and difficulty of excluding other disease processes prior to treating patients for EVALI, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic.
Association of family characteristics with health status and needs among children with congenital heart disease.

INTRODUCTION Low socio-economic status is associated with poorer quality of life among children with congenital heart disease (CHD), but this finding is based on disparities among children remaining under cardiology follow-up. We used a population-based health survey data set to analyse the impact of socio-economic status on health and functional status among children with CHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 2007-2018 National Health Interview Survey data, selecting children 2-17 years of age who had been diagnosed with CHD. Outcomes included caregiver-rated general health, presence of functional limitations, number of missed school days, need for special education, and need for special equipment related to the child's health conditions. Socio-economic status measures included maternal educational attainment, food stamp programme participation, poverty status, and insurance coverage. RESULTS Based on a sample of 233 children with CHD, 10% had fair or poor health, 38% reported having any health-related limitation on their usual activities, 11% needed special equipment, and 27% received special education services. On multivariable analysis, lower maternal educational attainment was correlated with worse caregiver-rated health, and children without insurance were especially likely to experience functional limitations. Black children with CHD had significantly worse caregiver-rated health compared to White children (ordered logit odds ratio: 0.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.45; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In a population-based survey of children with CHD, race and several measures of socio-economic status disadvantage were associated with worse health outcomes. Further evaluation of social determinants of health during cardiology follow-up may help improve outcomes for children with CHD in socio-economically disadvantaged families.
Anipose: A toolkit for robust markerless 3D pose estimation.

Summary Quantifying movement is critical for understanding animal behavior. Advances in computer vision now enable markerless tracking from 2D video, but most animals move in 3D. Here, we introduce Anipose, an open-source toolkit for robust markerless 3D pose estimation. Anipose is built on the 2D tracking method DeepLabCut, so users can expand their existing experimental setups to obtain accurate 3D tracking. It consists of four components: (1) a 3D calibration module, (2) filters to resolve 2D tracking errors, (3) a triangulation module that integrates temporal and spatial regularization, and (4) a pipeline to structure processing of large numbers of videos. We evaluate Anipose on a calibration board as well as mice, flies, and humans. By analyzing 3D leg kinematics tracked with Anipose, we identify a key role for joint rotation in motor control of fly walking. To help users get started with 3D tracking, we provide tutorials and documentation at http://anipose.org/.
Bacterial Heme and Hemoprotein Receptors

This chapter focuses on describing the general features of heme acquisition systems by using the most extensively studied heme transport systems. General heme receptors have been identified in numerous bacteria. These receptors recognize either free heme or heme bound to host-carrier proteins. Three examples of general heme receptors, which can recognize numerous heme-containing substrates, are HmuR of Yersinia pestis, HemR of Yersinia enterocolitica, and HmuR of Porphyromonas gingivalis. HpuAB is unusual among heme receptors because it consists of two outer membrane-associated proteins. Current understanding of these proteins is based on the elucidated function of nonheme permeases and ATPases. The newly identified heme utilization systems of these three bacteria have laid the foundation for our understanding of heme-iron utilization in gram-positive bacteria. Structural information about receptors and other system components will undoubtedly follow, allowing one to investigate structure-function relationships and further understand the mechanism of heme transport. Results ranging from heme transport being essential to virulence to being dispensable for virulence have been reported for different model systems of bacterial infection.
Tunable dual color source for multiphoton imaging

We present a tunable-wavelength, multi-color source for imaging several fluorophores simultaneously. The source is based on amplitude modulation of the seed in a chirped-pulse amplification system, followed by soliton self-frequency shift in a large-mode-area fiber.
An efficient Jacobian updating technique for analog circuit optimization

A new methodology is proposed to update the Jacobian matrix of the circuit performance functions with respect to the noise parameters to minimize the number of circuit simulations at each iteration during an optimization process. This matrix is required at each iteration to estimate the variance of the performances, as the optimizer moves the nominal point in the space of designable parameters. The current method of evaluating the Jacobian at each iteration using the finite difference method is computationally too expensive. The new methodology uses the results from the previous circuit simulations to update the Jacobian matrix, and greatly reduce the number of circuit evaluations required during the optimization process. An example of the optimization of an operational amplifier is given, and the savings in computation time is described.
Vav and the B cell signalosome.

Genetic ablation experiments have shown that Vav is critical for TCR signaling. Evidence is now emerging that the Vav family of signaling molecules play a critical role in antigen receptor signaling in B cells as well as in T cells.
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms predict greater decrease in calcium absorption (373.1)

Genetic variation may account for more than 70% of the variance in Ca absorption, and several studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms influence absorption. Estrogen is also known to affect Ca absorption, yet only one study has examined the influence of estrogen-α (ESR1) gene polymorphisms. Ca absorption is attenuated during caloric restriction (CR) and is increased by vitamin D supplementation (VitD). We therefore studied whether the ESR1 and VDR polymorphisms influence the Ca absorption response 6 weeks after either CR or VitD supplementation. True fractional calcium absorption (TFCA) was measured in 180 pre- and post-menopausal women. Genotypes for the VDR (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI) and the ESR1 (XbaI, PvuII) polymorphisms were determined through PCR-RFLP analysis and the haplotypes were reconstructed using PHASE v2.1.1. Multiple linear regression and two-way ANOVA analyses using dietary interventions and the dominant/recessive models as predictors showed that in the absence a...
A Parameterization of Scale-Dependent Radiative Damping Rates in the Middle Atmosphere

Abstract An analysis of the radiative damping of slowly modulated sinusoidal wave disturbances is presented. It is shown that it is possible to incorporate scale-dependent effects in a manner no more difficult than that used in the usual “Newtonian cooling” approximation. Explicit calculations show that these effects can be very important in the middle atmosphere. Detailed graphs of the scale-dependent relaxation times due to CO2 and O3 are given, as well as simple analytical parameterizations.
International Whaling Convention

There are close to 100 species of cetaceans in the world ocean. The major species which supported most of the whaling industry number about 10, and there are a few others which for various reasons deserve mention. Before discussing the measures that led to signing of the International Whaling Convention, and to attempts to manage these valuable resources, brief summaries of the essential details of the life histories of the major species are in order.
SAS 99 and Fraud Detection

Over the past decades, fraud has been the major issue facing the Accounting Profession in the United States and all over the World. Financial Statement Fraud causes both economic and social consequences in our society. This paper includes a discussion of the four recent fraud cases: Enron, WorldCom, Tyco International and the role of Arthur Andersen. This paper also includes a summary of the Statements on Auditing Standards (SASs), the procedures required to implement SAS 99 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). The objective is to highlight the major impact of SAS 99 and SOX on the Financial Statement Audits and how it could be effective in assisting auditors in the discovery of frauds.