cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learner Control and e-Learning: Taking Stock and Moving Forward

Research has historically adopted one of two views toward learner discretion in training: Learner discretion is controlled by training characteristics (i.e., the instruction-centric view), or learner discretion is a substantive learning process, the understanding of which is essential to developing more effective training (i.e., the learner-centric view). More recently, training scholars have followed the general trend in scientific psychology toward increasingly nuanced and interactionist views of individual behavior. That is, the effectiveness of providing learner discretion is a joint and interactive function of both instruction-centric and learner-centric processes. Taken together, learner-centric, instruction-centric, and interactionist-centric processes propose a constellation of constructs necessary to understand learner control. Here we review the diverse literatures examining learner-control-related constructs and derive specific practical recommendations for designing e-learning. These recommend...
EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL ADMINISTRATION ON VERBAL AND SPATIAL LEARNING

The effects of alcohol and placebo on cognitive functioning in male, Asian-American college students were evaluated with a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design using a multi-trial learning test in which verbal and spatial learning were simultaneously assessed. Verbal recall was impaired consistently across learning trials, while impairment of spatial recall was evident only on later learning trials. Recall of spatial information was influenced by order of presentation and amount of exposure time of items. Results do not support a theory that spatial learning is more impaired by alcohol than verbal learning, and thus do not lend support for the hypothesis that alcohol has a greater effect on right than left hemisphere functioning. Results provide evidence that alcohol increases susceptibility to interference effects.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PgiC IN A TETRAPLOID PLANT AND ITS DIPLOID RELATIVES.

Allotetraploid plant species combine the genomes of related diploid species, but little is known about whether homologous genes from the diploid genomes are expressed, how they interact, or whether they evolve differently when in a common tetraploid nucleus. Polyploidy may lead to gene silencing, but few molecular characterizations of silenced genes encoding enzymes in polyploids and related diploids have been reported. Here we describe the PgiC genes in the tetraploid Clarkia gracilis and related diploid species, which are native from California to southern Washington. PgiC encodes the cytosolic isozyme of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGIC; EC 5.3.1.9). The gene was duplicated in the basal stock of Clarkia and now both genes, PgiC1 and PgiC2, are active in about half of the diploid species, whereas only PgiC1 is active in the others. Clarkia gracilis was found to have three PgiC genes: two PgiC1s and a PgiC2. Reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments, starting with mRNAs prepared from seedling leaves of C. gracilis, showed that the three genes are expressed. Analysis of their sequences showed they are evolving at similar rates to their homologues and that they have the same intron-exon structure. The presence of an expressed PgiC2 in C. gracilis was unexpected because all related diploid species, including one identified as a parent, have only active PgiC1s. The donor of the PgiC2 is now presumed extinct, but parsimony analysis identified its phylogenetic position. None of the PgiC genes that were active when C. gracilis arose were silenced. A possible example of gene conversion involving a 300-nuclectide region of one PgiC1 and PgiC2 was identified, but it probably occurred in the diploid parental species rather than in C. gracilis. PgiC2 is the first known example of an active locus in a tetraploid plant species that is no longer expressed in its diploid relatives.
Detection of gastro-esophageal reflux by simultaneous measurement of intraluminal pressure and pH.

SummarySimultaneous intraluminal pressure and pH recordings at various levels within the esophagus and stomach were performed in 90 subjects. Evidence of esophageal inflammation was present in 52 of 54 individuals manifesting gastroesophageal acid regurgitation but was absent in all of those with normal records. A zone of increased pressure at the diaphragmatic hiatus could not be correlated with presence or absence of acid reflux. The evidence suggests that reflux of gastric contents is important in pathogenesis of esophagitis.
Normal plasma calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels during 1,25(OH)2D3 infusions in rats

The changes in plasma calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels that accompany 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] administration to experimental animals represent major obstacles...
Correlation between fragility and the Arrhenius crossover phenomenon in metallic, molecular, and network liquids

We report the observation of a distinct correlation between the kinetic fragility index $m$ and the reduced Arrhenius crossover temperature ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{A}={T}_{A}/{T}_{g}$ in various glass-forming liquids, identifying three distinguishable groups. In particular, for 11 glass-forming metallic liquids, we universally observe a crossover in the mean diffusion coefficient from high-temperature Arrhenius to low-temperature super-Arrhenius behavior at approximately ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{A}\ensuremath{\approx}2$ which is in the stable liquid phases. In contrast, for fragile molecular liquids, this crossover occurs at much lower ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{A}\ensuremath{\approx}1.4$ and usually in their supercooled states. The ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{A}$ values for strong network liquids spans a wide range higher than 2. Intriguingly, the high-temperature activation barrier ${E}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ is universally found to be $\ensuremath{\sim}11{k}_{B}{T}_{g}$ and uncorrelated with the fragility or the reduced crossover temperature ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{A}$ for metallic and molecular liquids. These observations provide a way to estimate the low-temperature glassy characteristics (${T}_{g}$ and $m$) from the high-temperature liquid quantities (${E}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{A}$).
Re-orienting coupling of organocuprates with propargyl electrophiles from SN2′ to SN2 with stereocontrol

Diorganocuprate(I) reagents derived from lithiated heterocycles and CuCN react with enantioenriched secondary propargyl bromides to give the corresponding propargylated heterocycles. While propargyl electrophiles typically undergo SN2′ displacement, this transformation represents the first example of the reaction of hard carbanions with propargyl electrophiles in an SN2 fashion and occurs with excellent levels of stereoinversion. The new method was applied to the formal synthesis of (+)-frondosin B.
The hydraulic fracture stimulation for pilot wells located in Xinji Coal Area

A method for selecting wells and coal seams to be stimulated is suggested by according to the geology and reservoir characteristics of Xinji Area. It is convinced of sure that 2% KCl water and Lanzhou sands should be the first selections used hydraulic fracture fluid and proppant in Xinji Area by having down eight treatments for eight coal seams of the three pilot wells. On the base of utilization of advanced software doing design before treatment,real-time analysis during treatment and simulation after treatment, the highest gas production rate is as high as 3 278 m3/d by good planning and prompt operating for fracture jobs. All of the results will provide a basic technology for coalbed methane development in future in this area.
The Terri Schiavo Case: Biopolitics, Biopower, and Privacy as Singularity

The Terri Schiavo case, whose denouement came in a Florida hospice in March 2005, provided a strange mix of the juridically mundane, the legislatively bizarre, and the mediatically spectacular. For the American courts, it was a typical ‘right to die’ case; it concerned neither assisted suicide nor euthanasia, only the by now solidly established ability to exercise by proxy the right to refuse treatment. Precious few would have noticed it except for the small matter of the constitutional crisis that the passage by Congress of ‘Terri’s Law’ almost provoked and the national, if not global, media frenzy that ensued. After some time has elapsed, the case offers the opportunity to establish some differences between Agamben and Foucault concerning biopower, biopolitics, sovereignty, law, and medical discipline as well as to advance some ideas on jurisprudence, in particular, the use of the Deleuzean concept of singularity to rethink the notion of privacy.
SU-F-T-186: A Treatment Planning Study of Normal Tissue Sparing with Robustness Optimized IMPT, 4Pi IMRT, and VMAT for Head and Neck Cases

Purpose: We performed a retrospective dosimetric comparison study between the robustness optimized Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (RO-IMPT), volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and the non-coplanar 4? intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). These methods represent the most advanced radiation treatment methods clinically available. We compare their dosimetric performance for head and neck cancer treatments with special focus on the OAR sparing near the tumor volumes. Methods: A total of 11 head and neck cases, which include 10 recurrent cases and one bilateral case, were selected for the study. Different dose levels were prescribed to tumor target depending on disease and location. Three treatment plans were created on commercial TPS systems for a novel noncoplanar 4π method (20 beams), VMAT, and RO-IMPT technique (maximum 4 fields). The maximum patient positioning error was set to 3 mm and the maximum proton range uncertainty was set to 3% for the robustness optimization. Line dose profiles were investigated for OARs close to tumor volumes. Results: All three techniques achieved 98% coverage of the CTV target and most photon plans had less than 110% of the hot spots. The RO-IMPT plans show superior tumor dose homogeneity than 4? and VMAT plans. Although RO-IMPT has greater R50 dose spillage to the surrounding normal tissue than 4π and VMAT, the RO-IMPT plans demonstrate better or comparable OAR (parotid, mandible, carotid, oral cavity, pharynx, and etc.) sparing for structures closely abutting tumor targets. Conclusion: The RO-IMPT's ability of OAR sparing is benchmarked against the C-arm linac based non-coplanar 4π technique and the standard VMAT method. RO-IMPT consistently shows better or comparable OAR sparing even for tissue structures closely abutting treatment target volume. RO-IMPT further reduces treatment uncertainty associated with proton therapy and delivers robust treatment plans to both unilateral and bilateral head and neck cancer patients with desirable treatment time.
Recent progress and applications of AUSM

Since the inception of the numerical flux scheme, AUSM [Liou and Steffen (93)], several versions [Liou (96), Wada and Liou (97), Edwards and Liou (97)] have been proposed, mainly for improving accuracy and robustness. The AUSM-family has been applied by researchers for various flow applications and fields beside the conventional aerospace and mechanical engineering. In this paper, we will focus on the version, AUSM+ [Liou (96)], and report progress that has been recently achieved. We will concern ourselves with flows in practical devices — typically, turbulent flows in complex geometry, manifested with complex physics. Specifically, we will shown calculations using (1) unstructured grid, (2) Chimera (overset) grid, and (3) a new preconditioned AUSM+ [Edwards and Liou (97)]. The calculated results show excellent agreement with measured data.
“Nothing is sweet in my mouth”: Food, identity, and religion in African Lisbon

ABSTRACTHere I explore food and eating and their connection to identity and religion among immigrants and refugees from Guinea-Bissau living in and around Lisbon, Portugal. I first demonstrate the importance of food to fieldwork in transnational settings, as well as to the understanding of the experience of migration. I show how different foods and eating styles mark boundaries and distinctions between homeland and host country, Africans and Europeans, and Muslim and “Christian” (non-Muslim) Guineans, and allow people to play with these boundaries while making powerful statements about identity and religion in African Lisbon. I argue that during the War of June 7th, the inability to taste food—captured by the expression “nothing is sweet in my mouth”—transcended ethnic and religious distinctions and united the Guinean immigrant community by providing a common way of reconciling memories of their war-torn homeland and their ongoing struggle for belonging in Europe.
Meteorological, snow, streamflow, topographic, and vegetation height data from four western juniper-dominated experimental catchments in southwestern Idaho, USA

Abstract. Meteorological, snow, streamflow, topographic, and vegetation height data are presented from the South Mountain experimental catchments. This study site was established in 2007 as a collaborative, long-term research laboratory to address the impacts of western juniper encroachment and woodland treatments in the interior Great Basin region of the western USA. The data provide detailed information on the weather and hydrologic response from four highly instrumented catchments in the late stages of woodland encroachment in a sagebrush steppe landscape. Hourly data from six meteorologic stations and four weirs have been carefully processed, quality-checked, and are serially complete. These data are ideal for hydrologic, ecosystem, and biogeochemical modeling. Data presented are publicly available from the USDA National Agricultural Library administered by the Agricultural Research Service ( https://data.nal.usda.gov/dataset/data-weather-snow-and-streamflow-data-four-western-juniper-dominated-experimental-catchments , doi:10.15482/USDA.ADC/1254010 ).
Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the design of management and conservation strategies of the critically endangered Barrens topminnow (Fundulus julisia, Williams & Etnier, 1982)

The decline of the Barrens topminnow (Fundulus julisia), a small schooling fish endemic to the Barrens Plateau region of Middle Tennessee, is one of the most dramatic cases of species imperilment in eastern North America. Loss of undisturbed habitat, coupled with the introduction of the invasive Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) has led to the extirpation of 12 out of 14 natural populations since the 1980s. Identified is a set of 14 microsatellite loci to improve conservation and management strategies for the species. Four loci were cross‐amplified using primers designed for congeneric taxa and 10 loci were developed from whole genome Illumina sequencing. Initial surveys in two populations suggest significant structuring of genetic variation and differing levels of heterozygosity among populations. These markers will contribute valuable information to ongoing conservation and management efforts.
Microwave Properties of Superconducting Intercalated 2H-TaS2

A new class of superconducting compounds has very recently been investigated.1,2 These compounds are atomically thin metallic layers separated by one or more layers of organic molecules.1 The variety of T c ’s obtainable and the strongly anisotropic critical field behavior invite careful study. The normal-to-superconducting transitions of these materials is usually quite broad (~0.5-1°K)2 In some cases this can be directly attributable to inhomogeneities or other phase regions in the sample.3 Microwaves probe a much smaller region in the material than other types of measurements and yield the critical field and temperature information as well as the penetration of the fields into the material.
Uncovering Hidden Insights for Information Management: Examination and Modeling of Change in Digital Collection Metadata.

This paper reports the study which measured and categorized metadata change in the digital collection of patents. The descriptive metadata in this collection is based on the local version of Dublin Core. The moist frequently occurring categories and subcategories of change are identified, as well as metadata fields that are edited the most often. Comparative analysis between multiple editing events is conducted. Results and future/concurrent research are discussed.
Guided Mindfulness: Optimizing Experiential Learning of Complex Interpersonal Competencies

This paper presents an artificially intelligent platform designed to enable experiential learning of complex interpersonal competencies. Called Guided Mindfulness, the platform supports learning from on-the-job experiences through guided questioning and reflection. The AI platform is described within the context of a year-long learning cycle. Theories of mindfulness are linked to experiential learning with a specific emphasis on how Guided Mindfulness is an improvement over traditional mindfulness interventions for this type of learning.
A modified P3-like approximation to the transport equation

Standard P{sub N} theory is well developed as an approximation to the neutron transport equation. However, this theory contains no physics in the sense that it simply represents the angular flux as a sum of polynomials in angle. Thus, standard P{sub N} theory (with N finite) cannot qualitatively predict correct asymptotic transport behavior except in the limit of pure scattering. In this paper, the authors modify standard P{sub N} theory by incorporating certain transport physics, namely, the Case discrete modes, into a modified P{sub N} expansion of the angular flux. The theory resulting from using this modified P{sub N}-like expansion predicts the exact transport asymptotic growth/decay length, since it contains the discrete Case eigenvalue. Such modified P{sub 3}-like equations and associated boundary conditions are derived in planar geometry according to a recently introduced variational calculus. Analyses and numerical calculations reveal that this modified P{sub 3}-like theory possesses the following features: (a) It reduces to standard P{sub 3} theory in the limit of pure scattering; (b) it conserves neutrons but exhibits a scalar flux discontinuity at a material interface; (c) it is shown numerically to be exceedingly accurate, much more accurate than standard P{sub 3} theory, in predicting various transport theorymore » behavior for homogeneous problems; and (c) for heterogeneous problems, it is necessary that each material region in the system be sufficiently large for this theory to predict better results than standard P{sub 3} theory.« less
An Improved Defect Classification Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Set Theory

The characterization of defects in materials constitutes a major area of research emphasis. Characterization schemes often involve mapping of the signal onto an appropriate feature domain. Defects are usually classified by segmenting the feature space and identifying the segment in which the feature vector is located. As an example Udpa and Lord [1] map differential eddy current impedance plane signals on to the feature space using the Fourier Descriptor approach. Doctor and Harrington [2] use the Fisher Linear Discriminant method to identify elements of the feature vector that demonstrate a statistical correlation with the nature of the defect. Mucciardi [3] uses the Adaptive Learning Network to build the feature vector. In all these cases defect classification is typically accomplished by categorizing the mapped feature vectors using Pattern Recognition methods employing either distance or likelihood functions [4].
Investigating the Use of ACRL Standards in Instruction Programs

A premise underlying the ACRL standards is that these provide guidelines for the measures of accountability of library and information literacy instruction [2]. This study investigates the incorporation of the ACRL standards into instruction and focuses more specifically on the use of these standards in credit-bearing, semester long information literacy courses. A survey instrument was used to conduct this research. A link to the online survey was posted to the ILI-L (Information Literacy Instruction Discussion) listserv, which currently has 4993 subscribers worldwide. The 117 instructors who responded to the survey came from academic libraries and academic institutions, almost half of which (47%) from institutions with student populations below 5,000. The results of this study indicated that respondents largely (83%) agree with the definition of information literacy as expressed in the standards.
Optimal Strategy for Proactive Service Delivery Management Using Inter-KPI Influence Relationships

Service interactions now account for major source of revenue and employment in many modern economies, and yet service operations management remains extremely complex. To lower risks, every Service Delivery SD environment needs to define its own key performance indicators KPIs to evaluate the present state of operations and its business outcomes. Due to the over-use of performance measurement systems, a large number of KPIs have been defined, but their influence on each other is unknown. It is thus important to adopt data-driven approaches to demystify the service delivery KPIs inter-relationships and establish the critical ones that have a stronger influence on the business outcomes. Given a set of operational KPIs and SD outcomes, we focus on the problem of a extracting inter-relationships and impact delays among KPIs and outcomes, and building a regression-based KPI influence model to estimate the SD outcomes as functions of KPIs. b Based on the model we propose a schedule of action plans to transform the current service delivery system state. c We also build a visualization tool that enables validation of extracted KPIs influence model, and perform "what-if" analysis.
Evidence-Based Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Mental Health Interventions in Schools

There are a number of terms that can be confusing when schools are involved n planning to meet students mental health needs. We see terms such as empirically supported, research-based, evidence-based, proven, well-established, promising, efficacious, and probably efficacious (Hoagwood, Burns, Kiser, Ringeisen, & Schoenwald, 2001; Lembke & Stormont, 2005). These terms are not equivalent and it is important to distinguish between them. An understanding of the term evidence-based is particularly important as it can be misunderstood and misused.
Variability in High Frequency Acoustic Backscattering in the Water Column

High-frequency acoustic backscattering in the water column is highly variable in both space and time. We present selected results from a program designed to address the origin of this variability. There are many naturally occurring processes in the water column, of both physical and biological origin, that give rise to acoustic backscattering. The naturally occurring spatial and temporal variability of these physical and biological processes contribute significantly to variability in acoustic backscatter. In addition, there is uncertainty associated with identifying and obtaining high-resolution information of the physical and biological parameters that contribute to volume scattering. Uncertainty in predicting volume scattering also arises from possible inaccuracies of the scattering models, as well as variability due to speckle. Emphasis is given here to identifying the model parameters with the highest degree of uncertainty.
Motive, Duty, and the Management of Restricted Charitable Gifts

Set against the backdrop of fiduciary duties governing nonprofit organization management, this Article explores donor restrictions imposed upon gifts made to charitable recipients. The particular focus falls upon charitable gift restrictions that prove difficult for the recipient organization’s management to implement as time passes from the date of the gift. This Article examines the trust doctrine of cy pres as the traditional remedial device for addressing such concerns, but ultimately finds that doctrine wanting - particularly so in an environment of increasingly corporate charitable governance. After explaining the long-noted vagaries of cy pres in practical application, this Article reveals the basic irrelevance of that doctrine to the often lengthy period during which management is charged with stewarding a gift in compliance with the donor’s restrictive mandates. As further detailed, any such influence likely flows in the direction of a managerial incentive to circumvent application of cy pres doctrine, frequently at the expense of the very donor intent that the doctrine professes to protect. Ultimately, this Article rejects the constraints imposed by prior doctrine. Thus freed, the approach offered here provides a more structured and objective analysis for dealing with the difficulties that arise when static donor directives confront evolving societal needs and charitable objectives. Central to this analysis is a new and fundamentally different way of understanding “donor intent” when evaluating problematic gift restrictions. That new perspective, in turn, supports this Article’s radical recasting of how decision-makers should approach service to this foundational donor intent notion. Importantly, such service comes not only in the context of cy pres adjudications, but also in relation to the restricted gift management that precedes invocation of that remedial doctrine. The resulting analytical framework therefore better serves the modern managerial context in which restricted charitable gifts are so often put to use.
Diverse diagnostic profiles associated with prescription opioid use disorder in a nationwide sample: One crisis, multiple needs.

Objective The opioid crisis has had devastating effects on individuals and communities, and it has rapidly increased in severity. However, we still lack nationally representative information on the diversity of comorbidity patterns among prescription opioid use disorder (P-OUD), other substance use disorders (SUDs), and psychopathology using the newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This impedes planning for multiple aspects of intervention, including society-wide allocation of treatment resources, program design at individual treatment centers, and personalized care to individual patients. Method To address this critical gap in information, we evaluated clinical profiles of American adults via latent class analysis in a large, recently collected epidemiological dataset that uses structured diagnostic assessment for DSM-5 psychopathology (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III; N = 36,309). Variables considered for profiles included lifetime diagnosis for multiple SUDs, various externalizing and internalizing conditions, and demographic variables. We then associated clinical profiles with demographic variables and functional impairment. Results Comorbid psychopathology and other SUDs were common in latent classes with elevated and very high rates of P-OUD. To illustrate, alcohol use disorder rates were greater than 45%, and posttraumatic stress disorder rates were greater than 28% in classes with higher P-OUD rates. Higher P-OUD rates were associated with White/non-Hispanic and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Relationships between P-OUD rates and functional impairment were inconsistent. Conclusion Many current treatment delivery systems are not designed to accommodate the heterogeneous profiles associated with high P-OUD rates. We provide specific suggestions for improvements to the mental health service system, individual clinical care programs, and future research approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Inhibition of thyroid hormone signaling protects retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors from cell death in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Dry AMD is characterized by a progressive macular degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors, and the RPE oxidative damage/dystrophy is at the core of the disease. Recent population/patients-based studies have shown an association of high free serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels with increased risk of AMD. This work investigated the effects of TH signaling inhibition on RPE and photoreceptor damage/cell death in an oxidative stress-induced mouse model of AMD. TH signaling inhibition was achieved by anti-thyroid drug treatment and oxidative stress was induced by sodium iodate (NaIO3) administration. Mice treated with NaIO3 showed severe RPE and photoreceptor cell death/necroptosis, destruction, oxidative damage, retinal stress, and reduced retinal function. Treatment with anti-thyroid drug protected RPE and photoreceptors from damage/cell death induced by NaIO3, reduced oxidative damage of RPE and photoreceptors, and preserved retinal function. Gene expression analysis showed that the NaIO3-induced RPE/photoreceptor damage/cell death involves multiple mechanisms, including cellular oxidative stress responses, activation of necroptosis/apoptosis signaling, and inflammatory responses. Treatment with anti-thyroid drug abolished these cellular stress/death responses. The findings of this study demonstrate a role of TH signaling in RPE and photoreceptor cell death after oxidative stress challenge, and support a role of TH signaling in the pathogenesis of AMD.
Educational Intervention to Address Infertility-Related Knowledge Gaps Among Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Purpose: This study evaluates the impact of a personalized educational session on survivors' knowledge of risk for infertility and describes preferences for reproductive health care. Methods: This ...
Behavioral phenotype does not predict habitat occupancy or angling capture of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Fish behavior types can predict angling vulnerability, providing insights about how recreational fishing may lead to artificial trait selection. Most vulnerability studies have focused on species w...
The influence of age and environmental conditions on supplement intake by beef cattle winter grazing northern mixed-grass rangelands.

This study evaluated the influence of cow age and temperature adjusted for wind chill (Twindchill) on supplement intake behavior of beef cattle winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands. A commercial herd of 272 (year 1) and 302 (year 2) bred cows (Angus, Simmental × Angus) ranging in age from 1- to 12-yr-old grazed a 329-ha rangeland pasture (~1.5 ha animal unit month- 1) from November to January. Cows were grouped into seven age classes (1 yr old, 2 yr old, 3 yr old, 4 yr old, 5 yr old, 6 yr old, and ≥ 7 yr old) and were provided free-choice access to a 30% CP self-fed canola meal-based pelleted supplement with 25% salt to limit intake. The target daily intake was 0.91 kg cow- 1 d- 1. Supplement was provided in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system to measure individual animal supplement intake and behavior. An Onset HOBO U30-NRC Weather Station was placed near the supplement feeders to collect weather data for the entirety of the grazing period. Average daily supplement intake and the coefficient variation in supplement intake displayed a Twindchill × cow age × year interaction (P ≤ 0.02). There was a negative linear effect of age on supplement intake (kg cow- 1 d- 1) for days with below average Twindchill conditions in both years (P < 0.01). There was also negative linear effect of age on supplement intake (g kg of BW- 1 d- 1) at average Twindchill in year 1 and below average Twindchill in year 2 (P < 0.01). Cow age had a quadratic effect on supplement intake for days with below average Twindchill in year 1 (P = 0.02); however, this was a curvilinear response where yearlings and 2-yr-olds consumed more supplement per kilogram of BW than other age cattle (P < 0.01). Cow age had positive linear effects on variation in supplement intake at below average Twindchill conditions in both years (P < 0.01). Daily visits to the supplement feeders displayed a Twindchill × cow age interaction (P < 0.01), where there was a linear decrease in visits with increasing age at below average Twindchill conditions (P < 0.01). In summary, both cow age and the winter environmental conditions interacted to influence animal supplement intake behavior and, as a result, nutrient delivery efficacy in winter grazing beef cattle.
A Mixed-method Analysis of Community-Engaged Theatre Illuminates Black Women's Experiences of Racism and Addresses Healthcare Inequities by Targeting Provider Bias.

Theatre has been a powerful means of eliciting social change. This paper describes methods and outcomes of a theatre project to reduce healthcare inequities experienced by Black women. We conducted...
Compact Diversity Mimo Antenna for Satellite Communication

In this Paper we have designed and implemented the compact diversity MIMO antenna for satellite communications. The proposed design is resonated at 7.8 GHzi.e, X-Band which is suitable for satellite communication. As the name MIMO it has two antennas with two ports which are symmetric to each other. These two antennas are separated with equal spacing between them to achieve the polarization diversity. It consists of an inverted L and T shaped monopoles for effective transmission of the current flow. The substrate utilized is FR-4 epoxy with height of 0.8mm which is flexible and easily available than other dielectric materials. The feed used is micro strip feed line in order to reduce the surface radiations. According to the measurements, S11 is less than -27 dB in 8 GHz – 12 GHz with overall gain of 4.4 dB. The size of the proposed antenna is 32mmx24mmx0.8mm.
Software-Defined Visible Light Networking for Bi-Directional Wireless Communication Across the Air-Water Interface

Autonomous networks of sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) will play a vital role in scenarios/applications where a plethora of distributed assets across multiple domains – air and water - operate in unison to accomplish a common goal. However, establishing high data rate, robust, and bi-directional communication links across the air-water interface between aerial and underwater assets is still an open problem. In this article, we propose a communication system based on visible (blue) light that enables aerial and underwater assets to establish bi-directional links through the air-water interface without requiring any preexisting communication infrastructure such as buoys acting as relay nodes. We first derive a mathematical model and accordingly build a simulator for the bi-directional air-water visible light communication (VLC) channel accounting for water surface distribution, optical parameters and path losses. Then, we design and prototype a software-defined visible light communication (VLC) modem. We present an extensive experimental evaluation conducted both in a test tank and in the ocean using the proposed VLC modem prototypes.
Analysis of docosanol using GC/MS: Method development, validation, and application to ex vivo human skin permeation studies

Abstract Docosanol is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved over-the-counter topical product for treating recurrent oral-facial herpes simplex labialis. Validated analytical methods for docosanol are required to demonstrate the bioequivalence of docosanol topical products. A gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring mode mass spectrometry (GC/SIM-MS) method was developed and validated for docosanol determination in biological samples. Docosanol and isopropyl palmitate (internal standard) were separated on a high-polarity GC capillary column with (88% cyanopropyl)aryl-polysiloxane employed as the stationary phase. The ions of m/z 83 and 256 were selected to monitor docosanol and isopropyl palmitate, respectively; the total run time was 20 min. The GC/SIM-MS method was validated in accordance with USFDA guidelines, and the results met the USFDA acceptance criteria. The docosanol calibration standards were linear in the 100–10000 ng/mL concentration range (R2 > 0.994). The recoveries for docosanol from the receptor fluid and skin homogenates were >93.2% and >95.8%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze ex vivo human cadaver skin permeation samples. On applying Abreva® cream tube and Abreva® cream pump, the amount of docosanol that penetrated human cadaver skin at 48 h was 21.5 ± 7.01 and 24.0 ± 6.95 ng/mg, respectively. Accordingly, we concluded that the validated GC/SIM-MS was sensitive, specific, and suitable for quantifying docosanol as a quality control tool. This method can be used for routine analysis as a cost-effective alternative to other techniques.
Tornadoes and Waterspouts

A tornado is a vertically rotating funnel of air, under a very steep pressure gradient, that protrudes to the surface from a cumulonimbus cloud. Tornadic wind speeds are highest of all storms, but impacts are more isolated and local. This chapter details the formation processes, including the simplified version of the gradient wind equation—known as cyclostrophic flow—that characterizes the tornado and similar whirlwinds. Formation processes (including those related to tropical cyclones), tornado tracks, and a review of phenomena similar to tornadoes, including the downburst, microburst, microburst, and waterspout, are then presented. The most commonly used scale to characterize tornado intensity is the Enhanced Fujita scale. Tornadoes are most common in the USA, particularly in the Great Plains (known as Tornado Alley) and Gulf Coast states (known as Dixie Alley). They are most common later in the calendar year increasingly farther north in the USA. While much uncertainty exists, it is likely that the most severe observed tornadic outbreaks in the climate record do not strengthen in proportion to the increase in convective available potential energy for late twenty-first century general circulation model runs. Likewise, with little literature examining tropical-cyclone-induced tornadoes in the future, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that the tropical-cyclone-induced tornado hazard will follow a proportionate increase to that of tropical cyclones.
Overview of Millimeter-Wave Wireless Interconnect : (Invited)

This paper presents the overview of solid-state-based millimeter-wave wireless interconnects. Conventional mechanical connectors face issues from long-term reliability, signal-integrity, environmental hazard, and large form-factor. To remove the physical connection, direct baseband couplings via capacitors, inductors, and transmission lines, and carrier-modulation couplings via antennas have been explored for the past 40 years. The focus of this work is millimeter-wave wireless interconnects implemented in advanced CMOS technologies. Carrier frequencies ranging from 60 GHz to 150 GHz, and modulation schemes including on-off-keying and multi-level pulse amplitude modulation are demonstrated to achieve data rates of 6 Gb/s to 30 Gb/s with the energy efficiency less than 10 pJ/b.
Transcription-Dependent Mobilization of Nucleosomes at Accessible TCR Gene Segments In Vivo

Accessibility of chromosomal recombination signal sequences to the RAG protein complex is known to be essential for V(D)J recombination at Ag receptor loci in vivo. Previous studies have addressed the roles of cis -acting regulatory elements and germline transcription in the covalent modification of nucleosomes at Ag receptor loci. However, a detailed picture of nucleosome organization at accessible and inaccessible recombination signal sequences has been lacking. In this study, we have analyzed the nucleosome organization of accessible and inaccessible Tcrb and Tcra alleles in primary murine thymocytes in vivo. We identified highly positioned arrays of nucleosomes at D β , J β , and J α segments and obtained evidence indicating that positioning is established at least in part by the regional DNA sequence. However, we found no consistent positioning of nucleosomes with respect to recombination signal sequences, which could be nucleosomal or internucleosomal even in their inaccessible configurations. Enhancer- and promoter-dependent accessibility was characterized by diminished abundance of certain nucleosomes and repositioning of others. Moreover, some changes in nucleosome positioning and abundance at J α 61 were shown to be a direct consequence of germline transcription. We suggest that enhancer- and promoter-dependent transcription generates optimal recombinase substrates in which some nucleosomes are missing and others are covalently modified.
Ultrastructural and biochemical changes in renal mitochondria during chronic oral methyl mercury exposure: The relationship to renal function

Abstract The report describes the effects of chronic oral methyl administration on renal tubule cell mitochondria in relation to standard tests of renal function and porphyrinuria associated with prolonged methyl mercury exposure. Male rats were given access to drinking water containing 0, 3, 5, or 10 ppm mercury as methyl mercuric hydroxide (MMH) for 6 weeks. In situ swelling of renal proximal tubule cell mitochondria observed by electron microscopy was associated with decreases in respiratory control ratios of cortical mitochondria. The specific activity of monoamine oxidase, which is localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, showed a dose-related decrease in MMH-treated animals. Cytochrome oxidase, which was used as a marker enzyme for the inner mitochondrial membrane, showed a more moderate decrease in specific activity. In contrast, δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, which is loosely bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, showed a 2- to 2.5-fold increase in specific activity. Malate dehydrogenase, which was used as a marker enzyme for the mitochondrial matrix, showed no change in activity. The above findings were associated with elevated concentrations of heme precursors in the urine of MMH-treated animals, but no changes in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine values, or increased urinary excretion of lysozyme. These results are discussed in regard to the specificity of the effects of MMH on renal mitochondrial membranes and the potential utility of these effects in the assessment of biological responses to mercury exposure prior to the onset of overt clinical toxicity.
Do We Choose Our Spouse Based on Our In-Laws? Resolving the Effects of Family Background and Spousal Choice for Educational Attainment, Religious Practice, and Political Preference†

Objectives Contemporary scholarly debate emphasizes the importance of spouse selection on population stratification, typically focusing on the traits of spouses themselves. In this study spouses and their parents were analyzed to resolve the effects of direct spousal assortment from family background assortment on three social traits that spouses correlate the highest: education, church attendance, and political affiliation. Methods The data set is comprised of a core of spousal pairs and their parents assessed by self-report and a more extensive set of individuals on whom there are only ratings by relatives for educational attainment, church attendance, and political preference. Structural equation models were fitted to the observed polychoric correlations by diagonal weighted least squares. Results For education and church attendance, assortment was based primarily on the traits of the spouses themselves, but models including independent assortment for the traits of parents-in-law gave a better fit. For political affiliation, assortment based on social background influenced by the traits of both parents gave a better fit. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that in humans, spousal similarity may reflect processes of selection and stratification that are more complex than commonly supposed in most models for family resemblance and social diversity.
Characterizing the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a hydrocodone combination product (Hycodan) in non-drug-abusing volunteers.

Abstract Rationale. The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of prescription compounds containing the opioid hydrocodone have not been studied in a population of non-drug-abusing people who might be prescribed these compounds for cough or pain relief. Objectives. To characterize the effects of a hydrocodone combination product, Hycodan, which contains hydrocodone and a peripherally-acting anticholinergic, homatropine, in non-drug-abusing volunteers. Methods. Eighteen volunteers participated in a crossover, double-blind study in which they received placebo; 5 mg hydrocodone/1.5 mg homatropine, 10 mg hydrocodone/3 mg homatropine, 20 mg hydrocodone/6 mg homatropine (all PO); 40 mg morphine (PO); and 2 mg lorazepam (PO). Measures were assessed before and for 300 min after drug administration. End-of-session and 24-h measures were taken to assess residual drug effects and overall subjects' assessment of the drug effects. Results. Subjective effects of the hydrocodone/homatropine combination were dose-related, although the majority of statistically significant effects were limited to the highest dose combination tested. A combination of 20 mg hydrocodone/6 mg homatropine and morphine had a similar profile of subjective effects, which included both pleasant and unpleasant effects. Peak liking ratings were increased by 20 mg hydrocodone/6 mg homatropine and morphine, and trough ratings of liking (dislike) were lower in the 20 mg hydrocodone/6 mg homatropine condition, relative to the placebo condition. Post-session ratings of overall liking were not significant, either at the end of the session or 24 h later. Cognitive and psychomotor impairment were more marked with lorazepam than with hydrocodone/homatropine and morphine. Miosis and exophoria were increased in a dose-related manner by hydrocodone/homatropine. Conclusions. Hycodan at the highest dose tested had effects similar to that of a prototypic mu agonist, morphine. Both drugs produced pleasant (including drug liking) as well as unpleasant subjective effects. Post-session ratings of overall liking and "want to take drug again" were not significant.
Reaction of HIV-1 NC p7 zinc fingers with electrophilic reagents

Publisher Summary Recently, it has been shown that Cys (X)2 Cys (X)4 His (X)4 Cys array (CCHC) zinc finger peptides are susceptible to chemical attack by a wide variety of oxidizing agents. The metal-chelated sulfur thiolates in the CCHC zinc fingers of HIV-1 p7 are known to react with a variety of chemical groups, including maleimides, nitrosos, disulfoxides, thiocarbamoyl-disulfides, and other substituted disulfides as well as oxidizing agents, such as Cu +2 , Fe +3 , and Hg +2 ions. The reaction mechanism for the thiuram disulfide class of oxidizing agents and maleimide class of alkylating agents are examined and presented in this chapter. Thiuram disulfides are examined in detail, as a member of this class of compounds, tetraethylthiuram disulfide (Antabuse) is an FDA-approved drug for alcohol abuse therapy and has very low in vivo toxicity. These compounds have functional groups that can modify zinc fingers in nucleocapsid (NC) protein and have antiviral activity but are not necessarily specific for the virus. To initiate studies leading to the design of reagents with greater specificity for the viral NC protein, it is necessary to determine the mechanism of action for model compounds and in particular to determine the initial site of attack on the NC protein. While the studies of NC protein alone demonstrated little if any cross-linking, the results with HIV-1 virus showed extensive oligomerization. The mature virion contains a compact ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the genomic RNA and ca. 2,500 copies of the NC protein. Therefore, the high concentration of NC in the viral particle the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds over intramolecular ones is expected to be favored following virus treatment with thiuram disulfides.