cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of Steroidogenic Factor 1 in the Testis Requires an Interactive Array of Elements Within Its Proximal Promoter

Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is an orphan nuclear receptor that is important for expression of genes involved in sexual differentiation, testicular and adrenal development, and hormone synthesis and regulation. To better understand the mechanisms required for SF-1 production, we employed transient transfection analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the elements and proteins required for transcriptional activity of the SF-1 proximal promoter in testicular Sertoli and Leydig cells and adrenocortical cells. Direct comparison of SF-1-promoter activity in testis and adrenal cell types established that a similar set of regulatory elements (an E box, CCAAT box, and Sp1-binding sites) is required for proximal promoter activity in these cells. Further evaluation of the E box and CCAAT box revealed a novel synergism between the two elements and identified functionally important bases within the elements. Importantly, DNA/protein-binding studies uncovered new proteins interacting with the E box and CCAAT box. Thus, in addition to the previously identified USF and NF-Y proteins, newly described complexes, having migration properties that differed between Sertoli and Leydig cells, were observed bound to the E box and CCAAT box. Transient transfection analysis also identified several Sp1/Sp3-binding elements important for expression of SF-1 in the testis, one of which was previously described for expression in the adrenal gland whereas the other two were newly disclosed elements.
Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate via reversibly supported catalysts on silica gel via self-assembly

A reversible catalyst immobilization system via self-assembly of hydrogen bonding between thymine anchored on silica gel support and 2,6-diaminopyridine functionalized with a catalyst (copper bromide-N,N,N',N'-tetraethyldiethylenetriamine (TEDETA) complex) was developed for the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA). At elevated temperatures, the hydrogen bonding disassociated and released the catalyst as free small molecules for catalysis, which effectively mediated a living polymerization of MMA, producing PMMA with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution (<1.3). At room temperature, the catalyst assembled on the silica gel support by hydrogen bonding, and thus could be recovered and reused for a second run of ATRP. The recovered catalyst still mediated a living polymerization of MMA with reduced activity (54-64%), but had much improved control of the polymerization. The resulting PMMA had molecular weights very close to theoretical vales.
A Re‐Evaluation of the Products of Gamma Irradiation of Beef Ferrimyoglobin

Quantitative analysis of the interactions of ·OH and eāq with ferri-myoglobin in neutral aqueous solution provides a basis for evaluating earlier studies of the radiolysis of myoglobin. γ-radiolysis of deaerated solutions in which either ·OH or eāq predominates leads to the formation of both deoxymyoglobin and ferrimyoglobin peroxide. Correction for a post-irradiation thermal process allows radiation-induced composition changes to be separately investigated. Depending on the radical system under consideration, a specific steady-state composition is reached at moderate doses that involves the ferri, deoxy, and ferri-peroxide forms of the myoglobin. Aeration of irradiated solutions quantitatively converts the deoxymyoglobin to oxymyoglobin. Radiolysis of oxygenated solutions containing N2O generates only ferrimyoglobin peroxide. Earlier studies on the radiolysis of ferrimyoglobin have been reevaluated in light of novel features that have emerged in this investigation.
Approximating and simulating the stochastic growth model: Parameterized expectations, neural networks, and the genetic algorithm

Abstract This paper suggests a new approach to solving the one-sector stochastic growth model using the method of parameterized expectations. The approach is to employ a `global’ genetic algorithm search for the parameters of the expectation function followed by a `local’ gradient-descent optimization method to ensure fine-tuning of the approximated solution. We use this search procedure in combination with either polynomial or neural network specifications for the expectation function. We find that our approach yields highly accurate solutions in the case where an exact analytic solution exists as well as in cases where no closed-form solution exists. Our results further suggest that neural network specifications for the expectation function may be preferred to the more commonly used polynomial specifications.
Valuation of Commodity-Based Swing Options

In the energy markets, in particular the electricity and natural gas markets, many contracts incorporate flexibility-of-delivery options known as "swing" or "take-or-pay" options. Subject to daily as well as periodic constraints, these contracts permit the option holder to repeatedly exercise the right to receive greater or smaller amounts of energy. We extract market information from forward prices and volatilities and build a pricing framework for swing options based on a one-factor mean-reverting stochastic process for energy prices that explicitly incorporates seasonal effects. We present a numerical scheme for the valuation of swing options calibrated for the case of natural gas.
XV—Two Problems about Human Agency

I consider two inter-related problems in the philosophy of action. One concerns the role of the agent in the determination of action, and I call it the problem of agential authority. The other concerns the relation between motivating desire and the agent's normative deliberation, and I call it the problem of subjective normative authority. In part by way of discussion of work of Harry Frankfurt and Christine Korsgaard, I argue that we make progress with these problems by appeal to certain kinds of higher-order policies and to their role in the cross-temporal organization of the deliberation and action of temporally persisting agents like us.
Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

Recurrent outbreaks of muscular sarcocystosis among tourists visiting islands in Malaysia have focused international attention on sarcocystosis, a disease once considered rare in humans. Sarcocystis species require two hosts, definitive and intermediate, to complete their life cycle. Humans can serve as definitive hosts, with intestinal sarcocystosis for two species acquired from eating undercooked meat: Sarcocystis hominis, from beef, and Sarcocystis suihominis, from pork. Symptoms such as nausea, stomachache, and diarrhea vary widely depending on the number of cysts ingested but appear more severe with pork than with beef. Humans serve as intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis nesbitti, a species with a reptilian definitive host, and possibly other unidentified species, acquired by ingesting sporocysts from feces-contaminated food or water and the environment; infections have an early phase of development in vascular endothelium, with illness that is difficult to diagnose; clinical signs include fever, headache, and myalgia. Subsequent development of intramuscular cysts is characterized by myositis. Presumptive diagnosis based on travel history to tropical regions, elevated serum enzyme levels, and eosinophilia is confirmed by finding sarcocysts in muscle biopsy specimens. There is no vaccine or confirmed effective antiparasitic drug for muscular sarcocystosis, but anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce symptoms. Prevention strategies are also discussed.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Product Mix Characteristics on Capacity Management Decisions and Operating Performance

Studies of the performance effects of product mix complexity typically treat plant capacity utilization and machine scheduling (for example, setup frequency) as exogenous factors associated with technology choices, economies of scale, and the level of market demand. However, capacity utilization and machine scheduling also reflect tactical operating decisions taken by local managers to maximize short-run performance. If managers rationally anticipate a negative relation between performance and product mix complexity, we expect tactical operating decisions to be used to mitigate performance degradation. Previous empirical studies that ignore this simultaneity provide an incomplete assessment of the performance effects of product mix complexity. This paper uses path analysis to examine the combined impact of product mix on capacity management decisions and operating performance in three textile manufacturing plants. The results support the hypothesis that product mix acts through capacity management decisions to reduce performance from the level implied by direct effects alone. The evidence also supports the behavioral proposition that managers use capacity management decisions strategically—creating production slack when product mix is anticipated to most affect performance. However, although managers use discretionary capacity management intensively when the product mix is composed of complex, heterogeneous products, they are unable or unwilling to use these decisions to fully offset the performance impact of product mix.
Solutions for logic and processor core design at the 45nm technology node & and below

In this paper we present an overview of techniques and methodologies for processor cores and digital SoC integration showing how process sensors, circuitry and system control cooperate in order to achieve the best power, performance, area and yield trade-off. We cover combinatorial and sequential logic as well as memory cores in the context of retention, power gating and adaptive features. Various techniques are also given as example and illustrated by silicon measurements.
One-dimensional hybrid simulations of planetary ion pickup : Effects of variable plasma and pickup conditions

[1] The one-dimensional hybrid simulation technique using massless fluid electrons and kinetic ions has been shown to successfully reproduce the growth of electromagnetic plasma waves generated by ion populations with a ring velocity distributions (T ⊥ > T ∥ ). Such populations are found at Jupiter and Saturn, where newborn ions are picked up into corotating plasma flows that are nearly perpendicular to the background magnetic field. In previous simulation work, which focused on pickup ion generated waves near lo, we considered all the pickup ions to be present in the simulation at the start of the run (initial value). For a more realistic treatment of ion pickup, we now modify the simulation to include continuous ion injection over time. There are several important differences between the initial value and the injection simulations, namely that when ions are injected, the generated waves eventually reach a quasi-steady level, which is proportional to the injection rate. The results indicate that less than 20% of the pickup ion energy resides in the waves at any given time. Indeed, for certain conditions, the ion cyclotron waves observed at lo may represent only a few percent of the initial pickup ion energy. We carry out simulations varying the plasma and pickup conditions, including the background plasma density and temperature, pickup rate, and multiple pickup ion species to see how the wave amplitudes are affected. We also briefly look at the oblique propagation of the waves to estimate group velocities.
Removal of cerebrospinal fluid partial volume effects in quantitative magnetization transfer imaging using a three-pool model with nonexchanging water component.

Purpose Parameters of the two-pool model describing magnetization transfer (MT) in macromolecule-rich tissues may be significantly biased in partial volume (PV) voxels containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative MT (qMT) method that provides indices insensitive to CSF PV averaging. Theory and Methods We propose a three-pool MT model, in which PV macro-compartment is modeled as an additional nonexchanging water pool. We demonstrate the feasibility of model parameter estimation from several MT-weighted spoiled gradient echo datasets. We validated the three-pool model in numerical, phantom, and in vivo studies. Results PV averaging with the free water compartment reduces all qMT parameters, most significantly affecting macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) and cross-relaxation rate. Monte-Carlo simulations confirmed stability of the three-pool model fit. Unlike the standard two-pool model, the three-pool model qMT parameters were not affected by PV averaging in simulations and phantom studies. The three-pool model fit allowed CSF PV correction in brain PV voxels and resulted in good correlation with standard two-pool model parameters in non-PV voxels. Conclusion Quantitative MT imaging based on a three-pool model with a non-exchanging water component yields a set of CSF-insensitive qMT parameters, which may improve MPF-based assessment of myelination in structures strongly affected by CSF PV averaging such as brain gray matter. Magn Reson Med, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of pregestational diabetes on fetal heart function

Pregestational diabetes affects nearly 2% of all pregnancies. Moreover, Type 2 diabetes in child-bearing women is on the rise because of the childhood obesity epidemic. Pregestational diabetes can affect the fetal heart in several ways. First, the risk of fetal congenital heart disease is markedly increased; second, fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may occur even with good glycemic control; third, studies have shown impaired function of the hearts of some infants and fetuses of diabetic pregnancies, which can occur with and without septal hypertrophy. Small-for-gestational-age infants of diabetic mothers may have diminished cardiovascular health in the long term. This review mainly discusses methods to detect fetal diabetic cardiomyopathy prenatally. The focus is on the noninvasive diagnostic markers that can serve as an outcome measure for future therapeutic trials, which are still lacking. There is some experimental research on treatment strategies to prevent fetal heart disease in diabetic pregnancies but little clinical data.
Documenting Medication Use in Adult Dental Patients: 1987–1991

The authors surveyed 5,002 dental outpatients to determine the prevalence and patterns of drug use. They found that drug use increased significantly with age and that a significant number of patients took medications that had potential for adverse dental effects. Thus, dentists should be aware of patient medications and the effects those drugs have on dental treatment.
LuxS controls bacteriocin production in Streptococcus mutans through a novel regulatory component

The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans employs a variety of mechanisms to maintain a competitive advantage over many other oral bacteria which occupy the same ecological niche. Production of the bacteriocin, mutacin I, is one such mechanism. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms associated with mutacin I production. Previous work has demonstrated that the production of mutacin I greatly increased with cell density. In this study, we found that high cell density also triggered high level mutacin I gene transcription. However, this response was abolished upon deletion of luxS. Further analysis using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that in the luxS mutant transcription of both the mutacin I structural gene mutA and the mutacin I transcriptional activator mutR was impaired. Through microarray analysis, a putative transcription repressor annotated as Smu1274 in the Los Alamos National Laboratory Oral Pathogens Sequence Database was identified, which was strongly induced in the luxS mutant. Characterization of Smu1274, which we referred to as irvA, suggested that it may act as an inducible repressor to suppress mutacin I gene expression. A luxS and irvA double mutant regained the ability to produce mutacin I; whereas a constitutive irvA-producing strain was impaired in mutacin I production. These findings reveal a novel regulatory pathway for mutacin I gene expression, which may provide clues to the regulatory mechanisms of other cellular functions regulated by luxS in S. mutans.
Forward-time simulations of non-random mating populations using simuPOP

Summary: Computer simulations play an important role in studies of non-random mating populations. Because of implementation difficulties, only very limited types of non-random mating schemes are provided in the currently available simulation programs. Starting with version 0.8.5, simuPOP provides a few mating schemes that can be used to simulate arbitrary non-random mating models. This article describes the concepts and methods behind these mating schemes and demonstrates their uses in a few examples, including partial self-mating, positive assortative mating, non-random outbreeding, and simulation of overlapping generations in age-structured populations. Availability: simuPOP is freely available at http://simupop.sourceforge.net, distributed under a GPL license. Cited examples are in the doc/cookbook directory of a simuPOP distribution. Contact: bpeng@mdanderson.org
Meiotic instability of chicken ultra-long telomeres and mapping of a 2.8 megabase array to the W-sex chromosome.

The objective of this research was to study the meiotic stability of a subset of chicken telomere arrays, which are the largest reported for any vertebrate species. Inheritance of these ultra-long telomere arrays (200 kb to 3 mb) was studied in a highly homozygous inbred line, UCD 003 (F ≥ 99.9). Analysis of array transmission in four families indicated unexpected heterogeneity and non-Mendelian segregation including high-frequency-generation of novel arrays. Additionally, the largest array detected (2.8 Mb) was female-specific and correlated to the most intense telomeric DNA signal on the W-sex chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These results are discussed in regard to the potential functions of the ultra-long telomere arrays in the chicken genome including generation of genetic variation through enhanced recombination, protection against erosion by providing a buffer for gene-dense regions, and sex-chromosome organization.
A stochastic optimization model for positioning disaster response facilities for large scale emergencies

In this paper, we present a two-stage stochastic program for locating disaster response facilities. Our modeling approach is unique in the literature in that it explicitly correlates the functioning of a facility with a particular disaster scenario. In particular, in our model the functioning of a facility is directly affected by its distance from the disaster epicenter. This represents an important modeling aspect of emergency facility location that to date has been ignored in the existing literature. To demonstrate the potential contributions of our model, we present a computational case study of (earthquake) disaster response facility location for the state of California. Our computational results show the distinct changes in the optimal location of facilities. Instead of placing facilities directly on top of some of the highest-risk areas (the traditional k-median solution), our model tends to place facilities still close to population centers, but farther away from high-risk areas.
"Responses from the Field: Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, and Policing"

This report presents the findings of a national survey of service providers, advocates, and attorneys who work with survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence regarding policing. More than 900 people responded to the survey. Respondents reported significant levels of police hostility to domestic violence and sexual assault victims and police bias on the basis of race, gender, class, immigration status, youth, mental health disability, drug use, sexual orientation, and sexual identity. Respondents also noted negative collateral consequences that often flow from involving law enforcement in the areas of immigration consequences, child welfare involvement, economic deprivation, and arrest or other punitive responses to the victim.
Environmental management practices and firm financial performance: The moderating effect of industry pollution-related factors

Is the relationship between a firm׳s environmental management practices (EMPs) and its financial performance (FP) dependent on industry pollution-related ("context") characteristics? If so, how? Drawing upon Scott׳s (2004) "dualist" theory of organizations, we propose and test a model that examines the effect of EMPs on firm financial performance both within- and between-industry contexts. In essence, instead of asking "does it pay to be green?" we inquire "what are the circumstances under which it might pay to be green?" Data used to test the hypothesis that industry context matters to the EMP-FP relationship consist of 941 publicly-traded manufacturing U.S. firms, spanning 52 four-digit NAICS codes. The cross-sectional data set includes environmental ratings of firms assigned by Kinder, Lyndenberg, Domini Research and Analytics (KLD), firm-level financial data from Standard & Poor׳s COMPUSTAT database, and industry-level information from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Environmental Protection Agency. Industry "context" is operationalized using measures of industry dirtiness and industry proactiveness. To investigate the influence of both firm- and industry-level variables on firm-level financial performance, we specify a hierarchical (i.e., multilevel) model to test our hypothesis. Among the results, we find that within dirty and non-proactive industries there is a positive marginal effect on firm performance as a result of engaging in EMPs. Moreover, the effect on financial performance of implementing EMPs is greater in relatively dirty and non-proactive industry contexts than in relatively clean and proactive contexts.
Improving the Quality of Shopping Center Sampling

Shopping center sampling is popular because of low costs, but typical procedures are haphazard and thus generalization is difficult. In this article, procedures are described for careful sampling o...
EVOLUTION OF GENERALISTS AND SPECIALISTS IN SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS.

Quantitative genetic models are used to investigate the evolution of generalists and specialists in a coarse-grained environment with two habitat types when there are costs attached to being a generalist. The outcomes for soft and hard selection models are qualitatively different. Under soft selection (e.g., for juvenile or male-reproductive traits) the population evolves towards the single peak in the adaptive landscape. At equilibrium, the population mean phenotype is a compromise between the reaction that would be optimal in both habitats and the reaction with the lowest cost. Furthermore, the equilibrium is closer to the optimal phenotype in the most frequent habitat, or the habitat in which selection on the focal trait is stronger. A specialist genotype always has a lower fitness than a generalist, even when the costs are high. In contrast, under hard selection (e.g., for adult or female-reproductive traits) the adaptive landscape can have one, two, or three peaks; a peak represents a population specialized to one habitat, equally adapted to both habitats, or an intermediate. One peak is always found when the reaction with the lowest cost is not much different from the optimal reaction, and this situation is similar to the soft selection case. However, multiple peaks are present when the costs become higher, and the course of evolution is then determined by initial conditions, and the region of attraction of each peak. This implies that the evolution of specialization and phenotypic plasticity may not only depend on selection regimes within habitats, but also on contingent, historical events (migration, mutation). Furthermore, the evolutionary dynamics in changing environments can be widely different for populations under hard and soft selection. Approaches to measure costs in natural and experimental populations are discussed.
Banding Together: The Rise of National Associations in American Higher Education, 1887–1950

(1994). Banding Together: The Rise of National Associations in American Higher Education, 1887–1950. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 228-230.
Good Mothers as Guest Workers

This study contributes to scholarship on gender, migration, and work by demonstrating the ways gender intersects with parental status to shape global employers' ideas about the ideal worker. Focusing on a guest-worker program that targets Moroccan mothers to work in Spain's strawberry industry, we reveal how employers and policymakers rely on a "trope of compliant maternity" to secure a low wage, disciplined migrant labor supply. This trope draws on assumptions of maternal devotion and emotional attachment, which migrant women themselves accommodate and contest in their participation in this guest-worker program.
Charismatic performance: A study of Bacon’s rebellion

This article develops the ideal type of charismatic performance. In a charismatic performance, a series of interactions between a leader and his followers takes on a specific pattern and tone: the leader’s startling successes in the world and, in particular, his or her public acts and displays, build upon each other to create, in followers, a perception of the inevitability of his or her rise, a deeply affective connection to the leader, and a tendency for the interpretive frameworks of these followers to center upon the leader’s individual person. Simultaneously, the leader draws emotional energy and political possibility from his (growing) community of followers. Charismatic performances, I argue, provide one route to sovereignty, and thus to political domination and the legitimation of the use of physical violence. I illustrate these arguments and sketch a model of charismatic performance via a historical case study of Bacon’s rebellion (1676) in the English Colony of Virginia. The shift to a performative perspective on charismatic domination and, in particular, the model of a charismatic performance as a recursive, self-legitimating ‘spiral of success’ provides additional analytical leverage for the examination of charismatic domination and the ‘extraordinary’ times that make it more likely to emerge.
The Morphology of Grain Boundary Interactions with Twins in YBa2Cu3O7−δ

Various morphologies are observed where twins meet grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-φ. Twins may be “correlated” at the boundary (i.e. twin boundaries from one grain may meet a twin boundary from the other grain in a quadruple junction) and the twins may be narrowed or “constricted” at the boundary. These effects are determined by the interfacial energy. We estimate the energy of the various interfaces by determining the dislocation arrays they contain, using the constrained coincidence site lattice (CCSL) model and Bollmann’s O2-lattice formalism. Our approach indicates that there are significant changes in the energy of the interfaces and is thus able to explain the variety of observed morphologies.
Overview of the structure and function of the gamma delta T cell receptor.

目的 探讨HIV-1 gp41抗原表位串联表达蛋白用于HIV抗体检测的可行性. 方法用HIV-1 gp41蛋白亲和层析柱制备HIV-1感染者血清中的多克隆抗体,用噬菌体展示随机十二肽库进行生物淘洗,反向吸附非特异性噬菌体.经ELISA鉴定阳性克隆,DNA测序,确定优势表位.将优势表位与文献报道的另一个优势表位串联,克隆入pQE30载体进行蛋白表达. 结果成功筛选到位于HIV-1 gp41蛋白上的优势抗原表位(YGPKDAETTAIW),串联表位(YGPKDAETTAIW-GGGS-SCSAKFTCTTQI)在pQE30载体中实现可溶性表达.重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性,能与不同的HIV-1抗体阳性血清呈特异反应. 结论 HIV-1 gp41抗原表位串联表达设计是可行的,串联表位重组蛋白可用于HIV-1抗体检测,但检测灵敏性低于常规方法。
Do associations between native and invasive plants provide signals of invasive impacts

Do invasive plant species act more as “passengers” or drivers of ecological change in native plant communities? Snapshot studies based on correlations at the site scale ignore longer-term dynamics and variation in how particular invaders affect particular native species. We analyzed patterns of co-occurrence between three invading species (Alliaria petiolata, Lonicera x bella, and Rhamnus cathartica) and 70 native plant species in 94 southern Wisconsin forests at two scales to test four hypotheses. Surveys at these sites in the 1950s and again in the 2000s allowed us to assess how initial plant diversity and site conditions affected subsequent patterns of invasion. Sites with more native species in the 1950s experienced fewer invasions of Lonicera and Rhamnus. However, this result may reflect the fact that more fragmented habitat patches supported both fewer species in the 1950s and more invasions. At the site-level, few negative correlations exist between invasive and native species’ abundances. Sites with higher Alliaria densities in the 2000s, however, support fewer native species and lower populations of several declining natives. Rhamnus-invaded sites support lower populations of two increasing species. Association (C-score) analyses detect more associations and more negative associations at the 1 m2 scale than at the site scale. Most strong associations between invasive and increasing native species are positive while those with declining natives are often negative. Species restricted to specialized habitats rarely co-occur with invaders. Alliaria has more negative associations at fragmented sites where it is more abundant and invasions may be older. Fine-scale invasive-native associations were stronger, easier to detect, and less consistent than those detectable at the site-level. Thus, screening large numbers of local associations using observational data may allow us to identify particular invasive-native interactions worth further investigation. Although invading plants sometimes act as passive passengers, increasing in tandem with certain native plants in response to disturbed fragmented habitats, they may also contribute to the declines we observe in many native species. Monitoring invasions would allow us to assess whether local associations serve to predict subsequent invasive species impacts.
Relative Impact of Risk Factors, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness on Suicidal Ideation in Veteran Service Members.

Objective We tested the associations between individualized risk factors, empirically validated constructs specific to suicide risk (i.e., thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, and two methods for conceptualizing suicidal ideation based on Suicide Index Score (SIS) and overall severity score of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation [BSS]). Method The current study included a sample of 134 suicidal Veterans who were recruited from an inpatient psychiatry unit of a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants completed the BSS, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Outcome Questionnaire-45.2, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Drug Abuse Screening Test, and abbreviated versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military version (PCL-M) and Insomnia Severity Index. We used ordinary least squares regression with bootstrapping to conduct analyses due to the skewed distributions observed in the suicidal ideation outcomes. Results Thwarted belongingness was the only statistically significant correlate of the SIS, indicating a stronger desire to be dead than alive as Veterans perceived themselves as being increasingly disconnected and isolated from others (B = 0.36, standard error [SE] = 0.01, p = 0.005). In contrast, greater overall severity scores on the BSS were associated with higher ratings on the PCL-M (B = 0.21, SE = 0.07, p = 0.02) and for thwarted belongingness (B = 0.27, SE = 0.09, p = 0.04). Problematic alcohol use was significantly associated with lower overall severity scores (B = −.27, SE = 1.17, p < 0.001). Conclusion Findings may inform clinical strategies for conceptualizing and targeting factors associated with suicidal risk.
Multi-hazard performance of reinforced concrete dry casks subjected to chloride attack and tip-over impact

Abstract Vertical concrete dry storage systems (or dry casks) are circular containers made of steel and/or reinforced concrete, specifically developed for storing spent nuclear fuel (SNF). In the United States, dry casks have an intended life of 40 years; however, in the absence of a permanent repository for storage of SNF, it is expected that dry casks will remain in service for a significantly longer period of time. Tipping-over is considered as one of the hypothetical accident conditions. The consequence of such an incident may be more severe if the structural integrity of the dry cask is compromised during the extended service life due to steel corrosion and related material degradation. In this study, structural performance of a 1/3-scale vertical concrete cask is evaluated under combined corrosion-induced damage and tip-over impact. The results are compared with those from a control cask, which is only subjected to impact but no corrosion-induced damage. The impact response of both casks in terms of acceleration, velocity, and strain was measured and compared. The damage after testing is investigated in terms of cracking and deformation to identify the failure modes for each cask and the effects of aging on the structural performance.
Electrostatic analogy for symmetron gravity

The symmetron model is a scalar-tensor theory of gravity with a screening mechanism that suppresses the effect of the symmetron field at high densities characteristic of the Solar System and laboratory scales but allows it to act with gravitational strength at low density on the cosmological scale. We elucidate the screening mechanism by showing that in the quasistatic Newtonian limit there are precise analogies between symmetron gravity and electrostatics for both strong and weak screening. For strong screening we find that large dense bodies behave in a manner analogous to perfect conductors in electrostatics. Based on this analogy we find that the symmetron field exhibits a lightning rod effect wherein the field gradients are enhanced near the ends of pointed or elongated objects. An ellipsoid placed in a uniform symmetron gradient is shown to experience a torque. By symmetry there is no gravitational torque in this case. Hence this effect unmasks the symmetron and might serve as the basis for future laboratory experiments. The symmetron force between a point mass and a large dense body includes a component corresponding to the interaction of the point mass with its image in the larger body. None of these effects have counterparts in the Newtonian limit of Einstein gravity. We discuss the similarities between symmetron gravity and the chameleon model as well as the differences between the two.
Taking the measure of lung adenocarcinoma: towards a quantitative approach to tumor spread through air spaces (STAS).

In less than a decade, we have witnessed dramatic changes in the histologic classification of lung adenocarcinoma.
Some recent results in n -person game theory

The discussion will center mainly on some work on two solution concepts: the core for gaines without side payments and the nucleolus for games with side payments (characteristic funtion games). The core has become an important equilibrium concept in mathematical economics. The nucleolus is related to the theory of bargaining sets.
The Cospectrum of Stress-Carrying Turbulence in the Presence of Surface Gravity Waves

AbstractThe cospectrum of the horizontal and vertical turbulent velocity fluctuations, an essential tool for understanding measurements of the turbulent Reynolds shear stress, often departs in the ocean from the shape that has been established in the atmospheric surface layer. Here, we test the hypothesis that this departure is caused by advection of standard boundary layer turbulence by the random oscillatory velocities produced by surface gravity waves. The test is based on a model with two elements. The first is a representation of the spatial structure of the turbulence, guided by rapid distortion theory, and consistent with the one-dimensional cospectra that have been measured in the atmosphere. The second model element is a map of the spatial structure of the turbulence to the temporal fluctuations measured at fixed sensors, assuming advection of frozen turbulence by the velocities associated with surface waves. The model is adapted to removal of the wave velocities from the turbulent fluctuations u...
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Included in this chapter are nasal cavities, frontal sinus, ethmoid complex, sphenoid sinus, and maxillary sinuses. These cavities and sinuses are lined by Schneiderian mucosa, consisting of pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with interspersed goblet cells. The roof of the nasal cavity is the cribriform plate, specific location for olfactory neuroblastoma. The sinonasal Schneiderian (inverted type) papilloma appears to be a precursor of a sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the intimate anatomic relationship with the brain, some intracranial lesions/tissues can be seen and the details will be discussed in Chapter 6.
Still Waters Run Deep: Humility as a Master Virtue

We present two intervention studies designed to promote humility and other virtues. In Study 1, we compared the PROVE Humility workbook (Lavelock, Worthington, & Davis, 2012/2013) to alternative wo...
Technology use and preferences to support clinical practice guideline awareness and adherence in individuals with sickle cell disease.

Objective Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic condition affecting over 100 000 individuals in the United States, predominantly from vulnerable populations. Clinical practice guidelines, written for providers, have low adherence. This study explored knowledge about guidelines; desire for guidelines; and how technology could support guideline awareness and adherence, examining current technology uses, and user preferences to inform design of a patient-centered guidelines application in a chronic disease. Methods This cross-sectional mixed-methods study involved semi-structured interviews, surveys, and focus groups of adolescents and adults with SCD. We evaluated interest, preferences, and anticipated benefits or barriers of a patient-centered adaptation of SCD practice guidelines; prospective technology uses for health; and barriers to technology utilization. Results Forty-seven individuals completed surveys and interviews, and 39 participated in three separate focus groups. Most participants (91%) were unaware of SCD guidelines, but almost all (96%) expressed interest in a guidelines application, identifying benefits (knowledge, activation, individualization, and rewards), and barriers (poor information, low motivation, and resource limitations). Current technology health uses included information access, care coordination, and reminders about health-related actions. Prospective technology uses included informational messaging and timely alerts. Barriers to technology use included lack of interest, lack of utility, and preference for direct communication. Conclusions This study's findings can inform the design of clinical practice guideline applications, suggesting a promising role for technology to engage patients, facilitate care decisions and actions, and improve outcomes.
Interfacial Targeting of Sessile Droplets Using Electrospray.

We report on the use of electrospray atomization to deliver nanoparticles and surfactant directly to the surface of sessile droplets. The particles delivered to the target droplet remained adsorbed...
Processing Effects On Mycotoxins: Introduction

The mycotoxins of greatest concern in foods are aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, zearalenone and the trichothecenes, particularly deoxynivalenol. The food commodities most commonly contaminated are peanuts and cereal grains, with cottonseed, green coffee and tree nuts also occasionally contaminated. Cereal grains, peanuts and green coffee are utilized for human foods as processed products. If the basic commodity is contaminated with a mycotoxin, subsequent processing of the commodity will have an effect on the stability and concentration of the mycotoxin. In general, mycotoxins tend to be quite stable compounds, but their stability and concentrations can be affected by different processing methods.
Autonomic System Reactions Caused by Excitation of Somatic Afferents: Study of Cutaneo-Intestinal Reflex

Somatic responses in the body are always accompanied by reactions involving the autonomic nervous system. Any active or passive muscle movement is assisted by cardiovascular changes; painful stimuli applied to the skin or the muscle also produce changes in blood pressure and heart rate. These autonomic changes are not limited to cardiovascular changes only but also occur in other organs, such as the bladder, stomach or intestine. Thermal application, massage or gentle rubbing of the skin and the muscle are often used to relieve visceral discomfort, presumably because these sensory inputs from the cutaneo-muscular tissues affect autonomic innervation to the viscera.
Diversity Issues in Academic Reform

The purpose of this paper was to provide a response to the Petr and McArdle (2012) and Paskus (2012) papers. The author suggests that academic reform should be couched within broader diversity issues affecting intercollegiate athletics, with a particular emphasis on race, social class, and the ability to implement reforms. Implications and conclusions are discussed.
Written expression in boys with ADHD: The mediating roles of working memory and oral expression

The written expression difficulties experienced by children with ADHD are widely recognized; however, scant empirical evidence exists concerning the cognitive mechanisms and processes underlying th...
A Framework for the Development of Schoolyard Pedagogy

Science education theory and reform call on elementary educators to provide authentic science learning experiences in a constructivist learning environment. The natural surroundings of the schoolyard offer an often undeveloped and/or undiscovered pedagogical tool that can help teachers meet these reform-based goals in science teaching. There is little research investigating the pedagogical development of teachers who use the schoolyard to teach. Understanding the framework of development of schoolyard pedagogy can help pre- and in-service teacher educators prepare effective elementary science teachers to take advantage of the teaching opportunities in the schoolyard. This manuscript constructs a framework of development of schoolyard pedagogy as described in the themes of experience across the professional life histories of elementary teachers who frequently use the schoolyard to teach. This framework can inform both pre- and in-service teacher educators who aim to support the development of a pedagogy that goes beyond the four walls of a classroom.
Development of augmented‐reality applications in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery

Objectives/hypothesis Augmented reality (AR) allows for the addition of transparent virtual images and video to one's view of a physical environment. Our objective was to develop a head-worn, AR system for accurate, intraoperative localization of pathology and normal anatomic landmarks during open head and neck surgery. Study design Face validity and case study. Methods A protocol was developed for the creation of three-dimensional (3D) virtual models based on computed tomography scans. Using the HoloLens AR platform, a novel system of registration and tracking was developed. Accuracy was determined in relation to actual physical landmarks. A face validity study was then performed in which otolaryngologists were asked to evaluate the technology and perform a simulated surgical task using AR image guidance. A case study highlighting the potential usefulness of the technology is also presented. Results An AR system was developed for intraoperative 3D visualization and localization. The average error in measurement of accuracy was 2.47 ± 0.46 millimeters (1.99, 3.30). The face validity study supports the potential of this system to improve safety and efficiency in open head and neck surgical procedures. Conclusions An AR system for accurate localization of pathology and normal anatomic landmarks of the head and neck is feasible with current technology. A face validity study reveals the potential value of the system in intraoperative image guidance. This application of AR, among others in the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, promises to improve surgical efficiency and patient safety in the operating room. Level of evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 129:S1-S11, 2019.
The Effect of Brief Mindfulness Training on Brain Reactivity to Food Cues During Nicotine Withdrawal: A Pilot Functional Imaging Study

Many individuals who smoke relapse due to weight gain. Mindfulness training has been shown to help smokers quit smoking and, in other populations, has been used to help people lose weight. This study was designed to assess the effect of 1 week of mindfulness practice on food cravings in smokers during 12-hour smoking abstinence. We assessed daily smokers with a history of smoking lapse after weight gain. Participants were provided with brief training in mindfulness meditation and mindful eating and were asked to practice each skill daily for 1 week. Before and after this week of mindfulness practice, participants completed surveys to rate their nicotine dependence and food cravings and underwent testing via functional magnetic resonance imaging. Study results included pre–post intervention reduction in brain activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, visual areas, and premotor areas, regions potentially associated with response to food images. The study was small; however, it suggests the possibility that mindfulness training might be used to decrease food cravings after smoking cessation.
Antitrust Standing after Apple v. Pepper: Application to the Sports Betting Data Market:

In Apple v. Pepper, the U.S. Supreme Court expressed a largely permissive view about whether certain potential plaintiffs have legal standing to pursue antitrust lawsuits in federal court. The Appl...
Predictors of Insomnia Severity Index Profiles in United States Veterans With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Study Objectives:The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) has been used to define insomnia symptoms in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, whether distinct ISI profiles exist in indiv...
Normal Scores & Expected Order Statistics†

Rank tests replace raw scores with their ranks prior to computing a test statistic and its reference distribution. This use of ranks is advocated where the normality of the raw score observations is in doubt. An alternative approach is to replace the raw scores with values that resemble observations from a normal distribution more closely than do the integer-spaced ranks, while taking the order of the raw scores into account. Permutation tests that are carried out following such a rank-preserving transformation of the data is called a normal scores test. Keywords: randomization test; permutation test; rank test; nonparametric test
Creative Musical Activities in Undergraduate Music Education Curricula

Music education majors report low exposure to creative musical activities (CMAs) despite increased discourse surrounding the inclusion of CMAs in standards, curricula, publications, and practice. T...
Peer Benchmarking Tax Avoidance for Cost of Debt

We show that managers can significantly lower corporate borrowing costs by adjusting effective tax rates. While prior research suggests a positive linear relation between tax avoidance and cost of debt, we document a U-shaped relation in which bondholders reward “undersheltering” firms with a decreasing cost of debt for increasing their tax avoidance until a point at which the relation reverses. As firms move toward the most aggressive tax avoidance levels, their cost of debt increases. Our study is the first we are aware of to provide evidence of a non-linear, U-shaped relation between tax avoidance and cost of debt. Additionally, we provide evidence suggesting that the range of effective tax rates corresponding to lowest borrowing costs varies greatly by industry. We show that managers can lower costs of debt (average yield savings of 1.37%) by benchmarking their firm’s tax avoidance relative to their industry peers.