cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinematic history of the Cheyenne belt, Medicine Bow mountains, southeastern Wyoming

The Proterozoic Cheyenne belt marks the southern boundary of the Archean Wyoming province. Within the Medicine Bow Mountains, it consists of strongly deformed, lithologically distinct blocks bounded by mylonite zones. Detailed field and petrographic investigations of the boundary, augmented by study of microscopic kinematic indicators, allow us to refine existing models for tectonic development of the belt. Northward thrusting under amphibolite facies conditions along low-angle mylonite zones emplaced successively deeper crustal blocks over supracrustal rocks of the Wyoming province. Mylonite zones were subsequently steepened and reactivated under greenschist-facies conditions during a period of distributive dextral strike slip. We suggest oblique convergence between an island arc and the Wyoming craton as a possible mechanism for both deformational events. Accretionary events in eastern and western North America, which involved initial convergence followed by strike slip, provide a Phanerozoic analog for our model.
Identification of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli seropathotypes A and B by multiplex PCR

A multiplex PCR assay was developed to identify the six clinically important enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotypes classified in seropathotypes A and B and to differentiate these from Shiga toxigenic E. coli. The assay simultaneously detects genes for Shiga toxin (stx) and intimin (eae), including allelic variants of both genes, 16S internal amplification control, as well as unique sequences in the wzx genes that are specific for serotypes O157, O26, O111, O103, O121 and O145. PCR analysis of 40 representative strains showed that the assay correctly identified the virulence genes, if present, and the respective O antigen type of all the strains, including some atypical EHEC, as well as enteropathogenic E. coli and E. coli strains examined.
Acoustic Damage To Large-Aperture Optics

We have observed damage to 80-cm-diam fused-silica disks and lenses subjected to high-fluence pulses (up to 2.3 J/cm2) from an upgraded Nova laser beamline (wavelength 351 nm; pulse duration 2.35 ns; beam diameter 70 cm; energy up to 8 kJ). Damage occurred in the center of each element, where a 6-cm-wide obscuration prevented direct illumination. We believe that light strongly scattered by transverse stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) interacts with the surface and with the bulk of the substrate, producing two kinds of acoustic waves that propagate to its center, where they become strong enough to do damage. In the surface interaction, scattered light is absorbed by an 0-ring near the perimeter of the optic, creating a Rayleigh wave that propagates along the surface to the center of the optic. The resulting damage takes the form of crater-shaped fractures about 8 mm in diameter and 4 mm deep. In the bulk interaction, transverse SBS strongly compresses the optic in large regions transverse to the direction of beam polarization at the perimeter of the beam. The compression may result from electrostriction: the SBS intensity is several times that of the incident beam. Compressive waves resulting from the relaxation of these regions propagate to the perimeter of the optic, where they are reflected as bulk tensile waves. The focusing of these tensile waves in the center of the optic results in cracks along the direction of polarization. Up to 25 percent of the incident beam energy is lost to SBS at these high fluences. Frequency chirping of the laser beam by 45 GHz strongly suppresses the SBS, and reduces the amplitude of the stress waves by about an order of magnitude; no energy loss, cratering, or cracking occurs under these conditions. We propose design rules for avoiding acoustic damage in large optics and compare observed thresholds for transverse SBS with predictions in the literature.
A micromechanical model of cyclic deformation and fatigue-crack nucleation in f.c.c. single crystals

We have developed a micromechanical finite-element model of fatigue-crack initiation in nominally defect-free pure f.c.c. metals. The scale of observation envisioned is that of a single persistent slip band (PSB) intersecting the free surface of a single crystal. The nucleation event is identified with the formation of a sharp surface crack, whose subsequent growth obeys the laws of fracture mechanics. Basic building blocks of the theory are: a model of cyclic plasticity tailored to PSBs which accounts for the Bauschinger effect, PSB elongation due to pair annihilation, and vacancy generation; and a model of vacancy diffusion which accounts for pipe diffusion and the surface motion resulting from the outward flux of vacancies. Our numerical simulations show that this flux causes the surface to recede, which contributes to the formation of grooves at the PSB/matrix interface. Eventually, those grooves sharpen to form a mathematically sharp crack. The model thus provides a quantitative prediction of the number of cycles required for the nucleation of a fatigue crack.
UPPER BOUNDS ON THE SIZES OF INTERREGIONAL FEEDBACKS IN MULTIREGIONAL INPUT‐OUTPUT MODELS*

. Upper bounds are presented for a measure of the overall percentage error caused in a multiregional input-output model when interregional feedback effects are ignored. This error figure is thus a measure of the magnitude of interregional linkages. The upper bounds are expressed as a function of the levels of self-sufficiency in the regions in the model and of the norms of the regional technical coefficients matrices. Experimental results are presented for a variety of examples that are thought to reflect real-world situations, and it is clear that in many cases the upper bound (and hence the error) is extremely small. The implication is that single-region input-output models may be adequate for a variety of questions.
Coping with homosexual expression within heterosexual marriages: five case studies.

Abstract The general consensus of previous studies dealing with heterosexually married homosexuals is that the outcome is a rather poor and unhappy marriage, or divorce. The subjects in previous studies, for the most part, had not disclosed their sexual orientation to their marriage partner or were divorced at the time of the study. Presented are five case studies of heterosexual marriages where disclosure co the spouse is evident. Fxamined are the coping mechanisms involved when such marriages do not end in divorce. A three-phase heuristic model is offered for understanding and aiding individuals in such marriages.
Synthesis and microscopic characterization of dendrimer-derived Ru/Al2O3 catalysts

Fourth generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimers have been used to template and stabilize Ru nanoparticles in solution. UV-visible spectroscopic results indicate that Ru3+ ions from a RuCl3 precursor can complex with functional groups within the dendrimer structure. Subsequent reduction of the Ru3+ ions yields finely dispersed Ru nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution. These dendrimer-stabilized nanoparticles were deposited onto an alumina support and thermally activated to remove the dendrimer “shell”, as indicated by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements indicate that the resulting Ru/Al2O3 catalyst has a smaller mean metal particle size and a narrower particle size distribution than a similar catalyst prepared by a traditional wet impregnation from the same RuCl3 precursor.
Kraftstoffsparpotenzial durch Lenkung und Bremse

Bei der Diskussion effektiver Losungsansatze zur CO2-Reduktion und zur Kraftstoffeinsparung stehen oft aufwandige und kostspielige Antriebsstrangmodifikationen im Vordergrund. Der Zulieferer TRW zeigt auf, wie unabhangig vom jeweils gewahlten Antriebskonzept Lenkungslosungen und aktuelle Bremstechnologien zur Verbrauchsoptimierung beitragen konnen. So kann TRW die elektromechanische und elektrohydraulische Lenkung, die elektronische Stabilitatskontrolle mit regenerativer Bremsfunktion ESC-R sowie das elektrohydraulische Bremssystem SCB sehr flexibel und zugig an unterschiedliche Modelle und Plattformen anpassen.
Developing the learning physical science curriculum: Adapting a small enrollment, laboratory and discussion based physical science course for large enrollments

We report on the adaptation of the small enrollment, lab and discussion based physical science course, Physical Science and Everyday Thinking (PSET), for a large-enrollment, lecture-style setting. Like PSET, the new Learning Physical Science (LEPS) curriculum was designed around specific principles based on research on learning to meet the needs of nonscience students, especially prospective and practicing elementary and middle school teachers. We describe the structure of the two curricula and the adaptation process, including a detailed comparison of similar activities from the two curricula and a case study of a LEPS classroom implementation. In LEPS, short instructor-guided lessons replace lengthier small group activities, and movies, rather than hands-on investigations, provide the evidence used to support and test ideas. LEPS promotes student peer interaction as an important part of sense making via ‘‘clicker’’ questions, rather than small group and whole class discussions typical of PSET. Examples of student dialog indicate that this format is capable of generating substantive student discussion and successfully enacting the design principles. Field-test data show similar student content learning gains with the two curricula. Nevertheless, because of classroom constraints, some important practices of science that were an integral part of PSET were not included in LEPS.
Procedural justice research

During the past decade the study of the psychology of procedural justice has become well established within the field of justice. It has been widely found that people are as concerned with the fairness of the way decisions are made as they are with the fairness of those decisions (i.e., distributive justice). This paper identifies the questions which have dominated research on procedural justice during the past decade, discusses the conclusions which have been reached about those questions, and suggests important areas for future exploration by procedural justice researchers.
Vigabatrin for partial-onset seizure treatment in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex

Abstract Vigabatrin (VGB) has been shown to be particularly effective in the treatment of infantile spasms for those with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, many patients with TSC continue to have treatment-resistant seizures. For many patients with TSC, partial-onset seizures are prominent. Therefore, we examined the efficacy and tolerability of VGB for treatment of refractory partial-onset seizures. We performed a retrospective cohort study on 49 TSC patients with treatment-resistant seen at our center from 1997 to 2010, examined seizure outcomes, and reported adverse effects. We found that 13 (24.5%) patients became seizure-free or experienced a > 90% decrease in seizure episode frequency with the addition of VGB to their regimens. Only one patient stopped VGB use because of excess sedation. The remaining 21 patients discontinued VGB use because of lack of efficacy. We conclude that VGB may be a safe and effective treatment in TSC patients with refractory partial-onset seizures.
Balancing human agency and object agency: an end-user interview study of the internet of things

Advances in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT) have made it possible for everyday objects to attain agency. However, it is unclear how laypersons perceive the increasingly active artifacts. These perceptions are likely to foreground their future responses to IoT objects as they become relevant actors in the physical world and begin to influence everyday user experience. We conducted an in-depth interview study to investigate individuals' knowledge, attitudes, expectations and concerns relating to IoT technologies. Findings show that affordances such as interactivity and modality can be reconceptualized in order to enhance user perceptions of relatedness with the objects. Different from technology-centric and user-centric approaches, the paper suggests a balance between human agency and object agency by adopting a need-oriented design paradigm when building an integral, self-adjusting, user-relevant archetype of IoT.
Temperature Changes and Loads During Hot-Die Forging of a Gamma Titanium–Aluminide Alloy

Abstract Non-isothermal forging is a non-steady state deformation process since temperatures of die, workpiece and environment are different from each other. The workpiece temperature decreases during the process by heat transfer to the dies and the environment. On the other hand, deformation heating can increase the workpiece temperature. The deformation loads depend not just on the initial temperature of the workpiece and the strain rate, but also on the duration of the deformation. This paper presents the results of a study that involved both physical experiments and finite element simulation of the non-isothermal deformation of a gamma titanium–aluminide.
Polymorphism in the Mr 32,000 Rh protein purified from Rh(D)-positive and -negative erythrocytes.

Abstract A Mr 32,000 integral membrane protein has previously been identified on erythrocytes bearing the Rh(D) antigen and is thought to contain the antigenic variations responsible for the different Rh phenotypes. To study it on a biochemical level, a simple large-scale method was developed to purify the Mr 32,000 Rh protein from multiple units of Rh(D)-positive and -negative blood. Erythrocyte membrane vesicles were solubilized in NaDodSO4, and a tracer of immunoprecipitated 125I surface-labeled Rh protein was added. The Rh protein was purified to homogeneity by hydroxylapatite chromatography followed by preparative NaDodSO4/PAGE. Approximately 25 nmol of pure Rh protein was recovered from each unit of Rh(D)-positive and -negative blood. Rh protein purified from both Rh phenotypes appeared similar by one-dimensional NaDodSO4/PAGE, and the N-terminal amino acid sequences for the first 20 residues were identical. Rh proteins purified from Rh(D)-positive and -negative blood were compared by two-dimensional iodopeptide mapping after 125I-labeling and alpha-chymotrypsin digestion. The peptide maps were very similar; however, at least two additional iodopeptides were consistently noted in the Rh proteins purified from Rh(D)-positive erythrocytes. These data indicate that a similar core Rh protein (or group of related proteins) exists in both Rh(D)-positive and -negative erythrocytes, and the Rh proteins from erythrocytes with different Rh phenotypes contain distinct structural polymorphisms.
Palivizumab immunoprophylaxis effectiveness in children with cystic fibrosis

Background Evidence on the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is lacking. Methods We utilized Medicaid Extract files from 27 states from 1999 to 2006 linked to the National Cystic Fibrosis Registry to establish a cohort of children 0–2 years with CF diagnosis. Eligible children entered the cohort after CF diagnosis and after RSV season onset, and were followed until season end, second birthday, death, or hospitalizations for reasons other then the study outcome. Two outcomes were examined: hospitalization for RSV infections (RSV-ha), or hospitalization for acute respiratory infections (ARI-ha). Palivizumab exposure was defined based on pharmacy or procedure claims as current (claim date plus 30 days), former (day 31–60 after a claim), and no exposure (days before the first or >60 days after any claim). Both outcomes were examined in a Cox regression model, adjusting for RSV risk factors and CF severity via exposure propensity score. Results The matched cohort included 1,974 infants (2,875 infant seasons), who experienced 32 RSV-ha and 212 ARI-ha (3.9 and 26.2/1,000 season months, respectively). Compared to periods of no use, the adjusted hazard ratio for current use was 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–1.60) for RSV-related hospitalization and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.59–1.21) for ARI-related hospitalization. Each month of increasing age reduced the ARI-ha by 5.8%. Conclusion RSV hospitalization incidence was low suggesting either little contribution of the virus to respiratory infections in patients with CF or lack of RSV testing. Unadjusted and adjusted RSV-hospitalization incidence rates suggested potentially positive effects of palivizumab, but results were inconclusive due to small event rates. Hospitalizations for acute respiratory illness with possible RSV contribution showed no association with palivizumab use, suggesting limited overall effect of palivizumab. Younger age greatly increased infection risk. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:874–884. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proofs, pictures, and Euclid

Though pictures are often used to present mathematical arguments, they are not typically thought to be an acceptable means for presenting mathematical arguments rigorously. With respect to the proofs in the Elements in particular, the received view is that Euclid’s reliance on geometric diagrams undermines his efforts to develop a gap-free deductive theory. The central difficulty concerns the generality of the theory. How can inferences made from a particular diagrams license general mathematical results? After surveying the history behind the received view, this essay provides a contrary analysis by introducing a formal account of Euclid’s proofs, termed Eu. Eu solves the puzzle of generality surrounding Euclid’s arguments. It specifies what diagrams Euclid’s diagrams are, in a precise formal sense, and defines generality-preserving proof rules in terms of them. After the central principles behind the formalization are laid out, its implications with respect to the question of what does and does not constitute a genuine picture proof are explored.
An analytic Voigt profile escape probability approximation

Abstract An efficient analytic Voigt profile escape probability approximation is presented and compared to exact numerical calculations. Using this analytic approximation, the two-level-atom source function is also computed for optically thick media, which have been previously evaluated exactly by Avrett and Hummer. Comparison with a more realistic laboratory plasma case also validates the usefulness of the approximation for economical modeling of radiation transport in optically thick plasmas.
Plasmonic paper as a highly efficient SERS substrate

We report a novel surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate platform based on a common filter paper adsorbed with plasmonic nanostructures. Paper based SERS substrate overcomes many of the challenges associated with conventional SERS substrates based on rigid substrates such as silicon and glass. The paper-based design results in a substrate that combines all of the advantages of conventional rigid and planar SERS substrates in a dynamic flexible scaffolding format. We discuss the fabrication, physical characterization and SERS activity of our novel substrates using non-resonant analytes.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Improved Procedures for Determining Diagnostic Resolution

The definition of the generalized fault table [1] is expanded to cover a representation employing more than one fault q cube per fault pattern. On the basis of this expanded definition and simple concepts from a cover algebra, a new procedure is developed for finding first- and second-order diagnostic resolutions.
Terrestrial locomotion does not constrain venous return in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis.

The effects of treadmill exercise on components of the cardiovascular (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, venous return) and respiratory (minute ventilation, tidal volume, breathing frequency, rate of oxygen consumption, rate of carbon dioxide production) and intra-abdominal pressure were measured in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, at 30oC. Alligators show speed dependent increases in tidal volume and minute ventilation, demonstrating that the inhibition of ventilation during locomotion present in some varanid and iguanid lizards was not present in alligators. Exercise significantly increases intra-abdominal pressure; however, concomitant elevations in central venous pressure acted to increase the transmural pressure of the post caval vein and thus increased venous return. Therefore, despite elevated intra-abdominal pressure, venous return was not limited during exercise in alligators as was the case in Varanus exanthematicus and Iguana iguana. Respiratory cycle variations in intra-abdominal pressure, central venous pressure and venous return indicate that, at high tidal volumes, inspiration causes a net reduction in venous return during active ventilation and thus may act to limit venous return during exercise. These results suggest that while tonically elevated intra-abdominal pressure induced by exercise does not inhibit venous return, phasic fluctuations during each breath cycle may contribute to venous flow limitation during exercise.
Mycoplasma provides for the spreading of opossum kidney cells in a serum-free, defined medium.

During the course of investigating the growth and differentiation of opossum kidney cells in serum-free medium, it was observed that a mycoplasma contamination (M. hyorhinis) contributed to the spreading of cells. Contaminated cells, seeded on collagen-coated plates, spread out and grew to confluency in Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium/Ham’s F12 nutrient mixture containing insulin, transferrin, sodium selenite, and bovine serum albumin fraction V. In addition, differentiated characteristics, including parathyroid hormone-inhibitable, sodium-dependent phosphate transport, were expressed by these cells grown in this medium. After the infection was eradicated, the contamination-free cells would not spread out and proliferate in the same serum-free medium as they had done in the presence of mycoplasma. Normal cellular development, however, was attained after cells were plated in serum-free medium that included fetuin. Cells once again spread out, grew to confluency, and were able to express their differentiated characteristics.
Long-run purchasing power parity with short-run data: evidence with a null hypothesis of stationarity

Abstract We investigate long-run Purchasing Power Parity with data from the current floating exchange rate period by using tests where stationarity and cointegration are the null, rather than the alternative, hypotheses. In most cases, we cannot reject either the null hypothesis of stationarity of the real exchange rate or the null of cointegration between the nominal exchange rate and the domestic and foreign price levels. This constitutes evidence of long-run Purchasing Power Parity because, using the same tests, we can reject the null of stationarity for the nominal exchange rate. Confirmation of the results is provided by a Monte Carlo study.
Calhoun's New Science of Politics

John C. Calhoun's Disquisition on Government is that rarity in American political thought-a work that explicitly declares itself a theoretical study of politics. By purporting to give a comprehensive and systematic account, by claiming to have explored new territory beyond the range of American discoveries, Calhoun in effect put his Disquisition in a class of which it is almost the sole example: an American political theory. But this claim to esteem and originality has been disputed; and in the subsequent debates among his interpreters, we have yet to find a satisfactory solution to the problem that Calhoun represented in such clear shape. Those who have rated him as a statesman and thinker-be that assessment high or low-and those who have accepted or denied his claim to originality have all failed to solve the peculiar problem of how to study and interpret the writing of a man of theory-andpractice. Until that problem is met, our understanding of the Disquisition is not clear and we remain without a way of evaluating Calhoun's merits and originality. How, then, ought Calhoun's Disquisition, or his high theoretical pretensions in general, best to be understood? Reducing his theory to practice, or saying in effect that the Disquisition was only another string to his pro-slavery bow, forecloses the question of what Calhoun can teach us. Reducing his practice to theory places what is almost a superhuman burden upon a man who was at or near the center of the national political stage for forty tumultuous years. A more moderate procedure would seem to be indicated. First, the Disquisition should be examined as the work of political theory it claims to be. At the same time, free use ought to be made of the practical political arguments and positions he adopted over a lifetime of political activity as further indications of his intention and meaning. Following this procedure may help in assessing Calhoun's stature as a political theorist. In advancing his claim to the rank of political theorist, Calhoun proposed not only to transcend the practical, but to transcend conventional political theory as well. He would make of politics a science modelled after astron-
Big Data applications in real-time traffic operation and safety monitoring and improvement on urban expressways

The advent of Big Data era has transformed the outlook of numerous fields in science and engineering. The transportation arena also has great expectations of taking the advantage of Big Data enabled by the popularization of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In this study, the viability of a proactive real-time traffic monitoring strategy evaluating operation and safety simultaneously was explored. The objective is to improve the system performance of urban expressways by reducing congestion and crash risk. In particular, Microwave Vehicle Detection System (MVDS) deployed on an expressway network in Orlando was utilized to achieve the objectives. The system consisting of 275 detectors covers 75 miles of the expressway network, with average spacing less than 1 mile. Comprehensive traffic flow parameters per lane are continuously archived on one-minute interval basis. The scale of the network, dense deployment of detection system, richness of information and continuous collection turn MVDS as the ideal source of Big Data. It was found that congestion on urban expressways was highly localized and time-specific. As expected, the morning and evening peak hours were the most congested time periods. The results of congestion evaluation encouraged real-time safety analysis to unveil the effects of traffic dynamics on crash occurrence. Data mining (random forest) and Bayesian inference techniques were implemented in real-time crash prediction models. The identified effects, both indirect (peak hour, higher volume and lower speed upstream of crash locations) and direct (higher congestion index downstream to crash locations) congestion indicators confirmed the significant impact of congestion on rear-end crash likelihood. As a response, reliability analysis was introduced to determine the appropriate time to trigger safety warnings according to the congestion intensity. Findings of this paper demonstrate the importance to jointly monitor and improve traffic operation and safety. The Big Data generated by the ITS systems is worth further exploration to bring all their full potential for more proactive traffic management.
A phase II trial of cisplatin (C), gemcitabine (G) and gefitinib for advanced urothelial tract carcinoma: results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 90102.

Abstract Background: This phase II trial (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 90102) sought to determine the efficacy of cisplatin, standard infusion of gemcitabine and gefitinib in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Patients and methods: Eligible patients had previously untreated measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of zero to two and creatinine clearance >50 ml/min. Treatment consisted of cisplatin 70 mg/m2 day 1 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 given every 3 weeks concurrent with gefitinib 500 mg/day orally for six cycles. Maintenance gefitinib 500 mg/day was continued for responding or stable disease. Results: Fifty-four of 58 patients were assessable. Twelve patients (22%) had node-only disease, and 25 (46%) had an ECOG performance status of zero. There were 23 objective responses for an overall response rate of 42.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 29.2% to 56.8%]. The median survival time was 15.1 months (95% CI 11.1–21.7 months) and the median time to progression was 7.4 months (95% CI 5.6–9.2 months). Conclusions: The combination of cisplatin, gemcitabine and gefitinib is well tolerated and active in advanced transitional cell carcinoma. The addition of gefitinib does not appear to improve response rate or survival in comparison to historical controls of cisplatin and gemcitabine alone.
Anti-Money Laundering: The Challenges of Know Your Customer Legislation for Private Bankers and the Hidden Benefits for Relationship Management ('The Bright Side of Knowing Your Customer')

The past decade has seen an overwhelming array of new anti-money laundering rules, regulation and legislation. These rules are designed to protect financial institutions from liability and to prevent laundered money from entering the legitimate economy, thereby encouraging further criminal activity. Key among these rules are the Know Your Customer ("KYC") requirements intended to assist financial institutions with identifying the true beneficiaries of account funds. Many of the KYC requirements, however, have been viewed negatively by those working in the financial services industry. These initiatives can be expensive and cumbersome; at best, they might be viewed simply as a necessary evil. The very language of the requirements can have negative connotations; compliance literature often speaks of "requirements" and "obligations." Profiling clients and reporting transactions that are suspicious are obviously a very important part of what bankers do, but it has not been greeted enthusiastically. Intrusive questions and cumbersome due diligence procedures can be off-putting to current and, particularly, prospective customers. In some cases, they have prompted entire compliance departments to be nicknamed the "Business Prevention Unit." Knowing customers, however, is an integral part of doing business, and an even bigger part of private banking. This article will first discuss what private banking entails, as well as its unique vulnerabilities to money laundering. The article will then consider some of the primary rules, regulations, and recommendations for the KYC aspect of some of the key anti-money laundering initiatives, and will discuss the problems private bankers have with these initiatives. The article will then analyze how and why these programs should be viewed differently by private bankers: as an opportunity to better serve the client, to better understand their needs, and to better generate revenue.
AQAX: a system for approximate XML query answers

On-line, interactive exploration of large databases becomes prohibitively expensive as the size of the database grows. Approximate query answering offers a cost-effective solution to this problem, by enabling the fast generation of approximate results based on concise data summaries. We apply this paradigm in the context of XML databases, where the increased complexity of data and queries amplifies the challenges behind interactive exploration. We have developed an on-line XML exploration system, termed AQAX that relies on accurate XML summaries in order to enable the rapid exploration of large data sets. To effectively support the exploration of semi-structured query answers, our system employs a tight coupling between the main query processor and the graphical clients that visualize the results. This demonstration will showcase the functionality of our system and the effectiveness of approximate query answering in the context of XML databases.
Bistable Optical Information Storage Using Antiferroelectric‐Phase Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate Ceramics

A recently discovered photostorage effect in antiferroelectric-phase (AFE-phase) lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) compositions appears to be particularly applicable to binary optical information storage. The basis for bistable optical information storage is that exposure to near-UV or visible light shifts the electric field threshold of the phase transition between the field-induced ferroelectric (FE) phase and the stable AFE phase in the direction of the initial AFE /yields/ FE phase transition. Properties of this photoactivated shift of the FE /yields/ AFE phase transition, including preliminary photosensitivity measurements and photostorage mechanisms, are presented. Photosensitivity enhancement by ion implantation is also discussed.
First Report of Sorghum mosaic virus Causing Mosaic in Miscanthus sinensis.

Miscanthus is being evaluated as a bioenergy feedstock because of its potentially significant biomass production, perennial habit, and lack of major diseases and pests. It is also a valuable parent in sugarcane breeding programs as a source of cold tolerance. In May 2010, mosaic symptoms were observed on a clone of Miscanthus sinenesis Anderss. maintained at the USDA, ARS, Sugarcane Research Unit. All plants of the Miscanthus clone in our germplasm collection are from vegetative cuttings of the original infected plant and show mosaic symptoms. Leaves from the ratoon of a single plant tested positive in a reverse transcription-PCR with the Potyvirus Group PCR Test (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) with two primer sets, Poty-F1/Poty-R1 and Poty-F2/Poty-R2. After sequencing the potyvirus amplicons, a BLAST search in GenBank revealed that these sequences had the highest identities (81 and 69%) with Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) at the nucleic acid level and a 72 and 95% similarity at the amino acid level. Extracts fro...
Early Literacy Interventions for English Language Learners: Support for an RTI Model

As part of a three tier prevention model, first grade students in a large urban school district were screened with measures of phonological awareness and nonsense word fluency to determine those in need of a Tier 2 reading intervention. The 15 lowest performing English language learner (ELL) students were selected and received a manualized phonological awareness intervention combined with a token economy. The students were monitored weekly with a Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF) task and a Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) task to assess improvement of their reading skills. Students were exited from the intervention upon reaching a predetermined level of both the PSF and NWF tasks. Twelve of the fifteen students were exited from the intervention and the remaining three students were referred for Tier three (intensive) intervention.
Exploring the Role of Agenda-Building Efforts in Media Coverage and Policymaking Activity of Healthcare Reform:

This investigation explores the relationships among information subsidies, news media coverage, and policymaking activities regarding healthcare reform during the first year of the Obama presidenti...
Self-reported school difficulties and tobacco use among fourth- to seventh-grade students.

: This study examined the relationship between academic and behavioral difficulties at school, and tobacco use in students. Participants included 1,219 students in fourth to seventh grade at the time of enrollment. Interviews were repeated eight months later with 85% of baseline participants. Telephone interviews assessed use of cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco; students also were asked if they liked school, how often they got in trouble at school, and how well they were doing in school. At baseline, students reporting school difficulties were 1.4 – 5.6 times more likely to report a lifetime history of cigarette, cigar, and chewing tobacco use relative to students who did not report these difficulties. Average to below-average academic performance at baseline was predictive of new cigarette use at the eight-month follow-up (Relative Risk = 3.35; 95% Confidence Interval = [1.36, 8.22]). Self-reported school difficulties are associated with lifetime use of all major forms of tobacco and are predictive of future cigarette use in fourth- to seventh-grade students.
TARASCAN CERAMIC PRODUCTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CERAMIC DISTRIBUTION

Research on the emergence of social complexity and state economies tends toward an understanding of either political economies or market economies as the privileged economic form and with producer specialization emerging contemporaneously with the state. Markets and political control need not be seen as oppositional; rather, they are part of the continuum of multiple strategies elites use to create the larger political economy of a state. The Late Postclassic period Tarascan state is known for its strong centralizing tendencies, and an overview of previous research indicates political involvement in various aspects of the larger economic coordination of metal, obsidian, and agricultural production and distribution. Tarascan state ceramics are highly distinctive in form and decoration. Ethnohistoric evidence suggests that they were produced under court control, yet no direct evidence for ceramic production has been found in the Tarascan core, the Lake Patzcuaro Basin. A mix of compositional and statistical analyses of the ceramic assemblage from Urichu, Michoacan, Mexico, indicates that ceramics were not under centralized political control but, instead, were produced at a local level and distributed using the market mechanisms of the larger mixture of economic strategies on the part of the Tarascan political elite.
Modification of Cul1 regulates its association with proteasomal subunits.

Ubiquitylation targets proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Some yeast and plant ubiquitin ligases, including the highly conserved SCF (S kp1/C ul1/F-box protein) complex, have been shown to associate with proteasomes. We sought to characterize interactions between SCF complexes and proteasomes in mammalian cells. We found that the binding of SCF complexes to proteasomes is conserved in higher eukaryotes. The Cul1 subunit associated with both sub-complexes of the proteasome, and high molecular weight forms of Cul1 bound to the 19S proteasome. Cul1 is ubiquitylated in vivo. Ubiquitylation of Cul1 promotes its binding to the S5a subunit of the 19S sub-complex without affecting Cul1 stability. The association of ubiquitylating enzymes with proteasomes may be an additional means to target ubiquitylated substrates for degradation.
Nature, Disease, and Globalization: An Evolutionary Perspective

Contemporary globalization represents the culmination of a long evolutionary process that has produced larger and more complex social units over time. Although precursors of contemporary complex human societies emerged in eastern Africa more than 300,000 year ago, our interest in Homo sapiens, the globalizer, begins about 100,000 years ago when small bands of our species began to migrate out of eastern Africa toward the north and west. The factors responsible for this migration out of Africa remain speculative, but population growth, climate change, fluctuating food supplies, and human curiosity undoubtedly were involved. Within sixty to seventy thousand years, bands of Homo sapiens had settled in the far corners of the world, showing a remarkable ability to adapt to the most varied environments (Cavalli-Sforza and CavalliSforza 1995:56). According to Walter Wallace (1997:15), Homo sapiens has spent nine times as many years moving apart as the species has spent coming together. The greatest dispersal of these human societies (maximum social entropy) occurred between ten and fifteen thousand years ago. For most of human history the fates of these scattered clans and tribes were largely determined by the local constraints of nature as well as by the availability of food, water, and other resources and by local encounters with pests, predators, and pathogens. Over the last 5,000 years, however, beginning with the emergence of the great civilizations in western Asia, populations of Homo sapiens, for the most part, have grown significantly in size and density and have repeatedly been incorporated into larger and more complex units; these expansions and consolidations being precursors of processes that have culminated in contemporary globalization (McMichael 2001:103). These persisting social units now are increasingly being integrated into a very complex global system; their fates are no longer determined locally, but are increasingly being shaped by more global forces. It would not be easy, nor particularly rewarding, to quantify precisely the number of distinct human societies that have survived previous periods of consolidation and maintained their identities well into the twenty-first century. Because of the dynamics of contemporary globalization, however, their numbers are rapidly dwindling. The number of actively spoken languages in the world is a good surrogate measure. There are currently about 6,000 spoken languages, but linguists think that nearly one-half of them will be dead or dying within the next 50 years (Ostler 1999:34). The point here is not to lament the passing of these distinct societies, although cultural diversity is important. Rather, the focus is on the evolutionary dynamics that have been and still are associated with the integration of smaller social units into larger and more complex ones. Just as natural forces played a major role in shaping the prospects for and fates of early societies and agrarian-era empires, similar forces still shape, and perhaps will limit, the prospects for the deepening integration of remaining societies into a global system.
High-quality optical pulse train generation at 80 Gb/s using a modified regenerative-type mode-locked fiber laser

In this paper, we present an experimental demonstration of a high-quality optical pulse train generation at 80 Gb/s. The successful operation was achieved via two steps. In the first step, an ultrastable 2-ps (FWHM), 40-Gb/s pulse train was generated using the technique of fourth-order rational harmonic mode locking. The mode-locked laser was stabilized using a regenerative-type base-line extraction feedback technique. In the second step, an external fiber loop mirror consisting of several meters of polarization-maintaining fiber was used to double the repetition rate from 40 to 80 Gb/s. The output of the 80-Gb/s pulse train shows very small pulse-to-pulse amplitude fluctuation with good long-term stability.
Seat Belt Use Laws: The Influence of Data on Public Opinion:

Motor vehicle crashes are a major public health problem. Mandatory seat belt use laws capable of lessening the highway death and injury toll have recently received a great deal of public attention. Public opinions toward such laws were assessed in a representative sample of 410 North Carolina drivers. In our experimental design, subjects were randomly assigned to receive one of six types of data expressing the effectiveness of the proposed mandatory and the current voluntary policies. A comparison group received no data. Exposure to data about the effectiveness of the proposed seat belt law was strongly predictive of policy preferences, though the specific type of data did not appear to have an influence. Additional characteristics predictive of policy preferences included attitudes toward other government regulations, beliefs about the effectiveness of seat belts, and personal seat belt use. The findings suggest that health educators need to continue to provide the public with data about potential safety regulations. Furthermore, health educators, to be more effective, should target information toward certain critical beliefs such as those about the relative effectiveness of a particular policy.
Time to first antimicrobial administration after onset of sepsis in critically ill children.

OBJECTIVES: Delay of antimicrobial administration in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock has been associated with a decrease in survival to hospital discharge. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the time to first antimicrobial administration after the onset of sepsis in critically ill children. Secondary objectives included appropriateness of empiric antimicrobials and microbiological testing, fluid resuscitation during the first 24 hours after onset of sepsis, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality. METHODS: Retrospective, chart review of all subjects less than or equal to 18 years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with a diagnosis of sepsis between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012. RESULTS: A total of 72 subjects met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Median time to first antimicrobial administration by a nurse after the onset of sepsis was 2.7 (0.5–5.1) hours. Cultures were drawn prior to admin...
Formin Homology Domain–Containing Protein 1 Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype

Objective— Our goal was to test whether formin homology protein 1 (FHOD1) plays a significant role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and, if so, whether Rho kinase (ROCK)–dependent phosphorylation in the diaphanous autoinhibitory domain is an important signaling mechanism that controls FHOD1 activity in SMC. Methods and Results— FHOD1 is highly expressed in aortic SMCs and in tissues with a significant SMC component. Exogenous expression of constitutively active FHOD1, but not wild-type, strongly activated SMC-specific gene expression in 10T1/2 cells. Treatment of SMC with the RhoA activator sphingosine-1-phosphate increased FHOD1 phosphorylation at Thr1141, and this effect was completely prevented by inhibition of ROCK with Y-27632. Phosphomimetic mutations to ROCK target residues enhanced FHOD1 activity, suggesting that phosphorylation interferes with FHOD1 autoinhibition. Importantly, knockdown of FHOD1 in SMC strongly inhibited sphingosine-1-phosphate–dependent increases in SMC differentiation marker gene expression and actin polymerization, suggesting that FHOD1 plays a major role in RhoA-dependent signaling in SMC. Conclusion— Our results indicate that FHOD1 is a critical regulator of SMC phenotype and is regulated by ROCK-dependent phosphorylation. Thus, additional studies on the role of FHOD1 during development and the progression of cardiovascular disease will be important.
Anomalous Southward Advection During 2002 in the Northern California Current: Evidence from Lagrangian Surface Drifters

[1] Equatorward velocities in the upwelling jet of the northern California Current were 0.05–0.06 m s−1 faster in spring and summer 2002 than on average over 1998–2002. This result is based on a five-year data set of surface drifters released across the continental margin off central Oregon (44.65°N) during April and July of each year. At this speed, anomalous water displacements of over a degree of latitude can occur in 20–25 days. Given a source of cold, Subarctic water to the north, this anomalous southward displacement is a plausible explanation for the cold, nutrient-rich halocline water observed off Oregon during the summer of 2002. This interannual variability in the northern California Current and its implications for the ecosystem response, i.e., increased primary productivity, may be contrasted with interannual variability of the opposite sign - increased poleward velocity, warmer temperatures and decreased productivity - observed in this same region during El Nino years.
Postembryonic development of the cervicothoracic muscles of Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: Labiduridae).

The nymphal and adult cervicothoracic skeleton of Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) is described and discussed.