cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the anisotropic nature of laser-generated ultrasound in zinc and unidirectional carbon epoxy composites

Laser generated ultrasound has been used to determine material properties and to characterize material defects [1–3]. To a large extent, the success of laser ultrasonics has been the researcher’s ability to correctly predict the temporal evolution of the displacement waveform resulting from pulsed laser irradiation. Theories that assume isotropic elastic properties work well for crystalline materials that have grain sizes that are small compared to the wavelength of the interrogating ultrasonic wave [4–5]. For single crystal samples or carbon epoxies, the elastic anisotropic nature must be taken into account. Royer and Dieulesaint [6] have shown, using a plane wave analysis, that the behavior of single crystal materials in the presence of an ultrasonic disturbance differ markedly from their isotropic counterparts. In particular for cubic and tetragonal systems, Royer and Dieulesaint [6] demonstrated that the decay rate of the Rayleigh wave disturbance varies strongly as a function of the anisotropy factor.
THE METABOLIC AND DOSIMETRIC SIGNIFICANCE OF 210Pb TO 226Ra RATIOS IN THE BONE OF RADIUM DIAL PAINTERS

Abstract The concentration of 210Pb and 226Ra was measured at 89 different sites in the skeletons of two deceased radium dial painters. Using an exponential model for both 210Pb and 226Ra clearance from the skeleton, the data indicate: 1 210Pb and 226Ra have equal biological half-lives. 2 Variation in the ratios of 210Pb to 226Ra in individual long bones follows a distinct and reproducible pattern. The value of the ratio is lowest in the end pieces of long bones, and highest in the shaft. The ratio is high in rib and low in vertebra. These variations have been interpreted as arising from differences in the 222Rn retention factors at the sites analyzed. These retention factors have been calculated, and vary from 0.20 to 0.57 compared to the skeletal average of 0.33. It is felt that the variations in the 222Rn retention factors reflect fundamental differences in bone structure, namely crystal size, mineral density, and amorphous mineral content. 3 For a 226Ra burden carried 50 years, it is estimated that 5–6% of the average alpha dose delivered to the skeleton results from 210Pb decay. 4 The vertebra would appear to be the bone of choice to be used in estimating total body burden of 226Ra. 5 In a given dial painter, 226Ra concentrations with respect to ash content, varied by a factor of 15 between the highest and lowest values.
If you build it, they will come: implementing a distributed desktop support program that works

For over 15 years Information Technology Services (ITS) at the University of Colorado at Boulder has provided quality desktop support to its faculty and staff via a dispatched pool of highly talented student employees (known as the Bugbusters). While customer satisfaction was high with this program, we sought to provide dedicated desktop support to each College or School on the Boulder campus, in order to provide support tailored to fit the varying needs of different departments. In the fall of 2000, aligning ourselves with the IT Strategic direction of the campus, we piloted a program providing dedicated desktop support to our largest school in the system, the College of Arts and Sciences.This panel presentation provides an overview of the Distributed Desktop Support Program and discusses the goals, successes, and benefits of a dedicated desktop support model.
Combined tangential-normal injection into a supersonic flow

A combination of tangential and normal air injection into a Mach 3 airflow was experimentally studied. A rearward facing slot producing tangential injection at a nominal Mach number 1.7 was operated at several different total pressures. An array of transverse tubes of height equal to the slot height and placed just downstream of the slot was operated at two dynamic pressure ratios at both Mach 1 and 2.2. Mean flow measurements of static and total pressures were taken up to 20 slot heights downstream from which Mach number, density and velocity profiles, and entrainment rates were calculated. Various dimensions and spreading angles of the mixing regions were measured directly from nanoshadowgraphs and spark schlieren photographs. Large eddy structures were produced in several cases, leading to increased entrainment of the freestream. For some cases, heated air was injected through the normal tubes, and the jet total temperature decay was measured downstream. It can be seen from the data that the mixing rate can be significantly increased by the combined tangential-normal injection design over tangential slot injection alone, with up to 92% more entrained mass.
Simple isotopic method using oral stable or radioactive tracers for estimating fractional calcium absorption in adult women

We extended a simple oral method for estimating fractional calcium absorption determined by double isotopic methods using radioactive or stable isotope across wide age of adult women. Fractional calcium absorption can be estimated by using either a radioactive or stable oral isotope across the entire age spectrum of adult women. A method for estimating fractional calcium absorption using a single serum collection following a single oral radioactive isotopic tracer has been validated against a classical double isotopic tracer ratio method in adults. Our goal was to extend this simplified method to include use of stable isotopes and a broad age range. We used our database of 56 observations from 26 white adult women aged 19–67 years receiving either radioactive or stable isotopes. Reference values for fractional calcium absorption were determined from 24-h double isotopic ratios in serum and urine and from full kinetic modeling. Equations for estimating fractional calcium absorption were developed from isotopic enrichment in serum and urine from an oral tracer and measures of body size using the multiple linear regression analysis. Equations using a 4- to 6-h sample following an oral dose of either a stable or radioactive isotope corrected for body size were highly correlated with the reference values for fractional calcium absorption across different aged populations (r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Fractional calcium absorption can be estimated by a single oral tracer method using either radioactive or stable calcium isotopes across the entire age spectrum in healthy white adult women.
Fast Cu+ ion conducting phosphate iodide-glasses

Abstract The glass-forming region in the ternary system CuI-Cu 2 O-P 2 O 5 , from which Cu 2+ ion formation has been excluded, is described and compared with that in the corresponding Ag + -based system. The glasses are characterized by T g values some 50°C higher than in the silver systems. Frequency independent (dc) conductivities along the join CuI+CuPO 3 have been determined over a wide range, and found to be characterized by both higher activation energies and pre-exponential constants than the silv≐r glasses. The combination leads to higher conductivities in the Cu + -based glasses in the composition range 20–30 mole% CuI at room temperature and above.
Polished versus autoglazed dental porcelain

This study compared the finishes on dental porcelain polished with four different polishing paste systems with oven reglazing and with a porcelain adjustment kit without a polishing paste. The polished/reglazed samples were rated according to quality of finish by independent observers and by scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of visual examination, two of the polishing paste systems tested were found to produce a surface equal to or better than oven glazing. On the basis of SEM examination, oven glazing was found to produce a better surface than the other polishing methods. Not all porcelain polishing systems produce a surface comparable to oven-glazed porcelain, and porcelain polishing systems should be chosen carefully.
Near-Drowning and Drowning Classification: A Proposal to Stratify Mortality Based on the Analysis of 1,831 Cases

Study objective To establish an updated classification for near-drowning and drowning (ND/D) according to severity, based on mortality rate of the subgroups. Materials and methods We reviewed 41,279 cases of predominantly sea water rescues from the coastal area of Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, from 1972 to 1991. Of this total, 2,304 cases (5.5%) were referred to the Near-Drowning Recuperation Center, and this group was used as the study database. At the accident site, the following clinical parameters were recorded: presence of breathing, arterial pulse, pulmonary auscultation, and arterial BP. Cases lacking records of clinical parameters were not studied. The ND/D were classified in six subgroups: grade 1—normal pulmonary auscultation with coughing; grade 2—abnormal pulmonary auscultation with rales in some pulmonary fields; grade 3—pulmonary auscultation of acute pulmonary edema without arterial hypotension; grade 4—pulmonary auscultation of acute pulmonary edema with arterial hypotension; grade 5—isolated respiratory arrest; and grade 6—cardiopulmonary arrest. Results From 2,304 cases in the database, 1,831 cases presented all clinical parameters recorded and were selected for classification. From these 1,831 cases, 1,189 (65%) were classified as grade 1 (mortality=0%); 338 (18.4%) as grade 2 (mortality=0.6%); 58 (3.2%) as grade 3 (mortality=5.2%); 36 (2%) as grade 4 (mortality=19.4%); 25 (1.4%) as grade 5 (mortality=44%); and 185 (10%) as grade 6 (mortality=93%) (p Conclusion The study revealed that it is possible to establish six subgroups based on mortality rate by applying clinical criteria obtained from first-aid observations. These subgroups constitute the basis of a new classification.
Convolution complementarity problems with application to impact problems

Convolution complementarity problems (CCPs) have the following form: given a matrix-valued function k and a vector-valued function q, find a vector-valued function u satisfying 0 ≤ u(t) ⊥ (k * u)(t) + q(t) ≥ 0 for all t. In this paper CCPs are applied to a mechanical impact problem, but they can also be applied to other dynamic problems with hard constraints. CCPs are shown to have solutions provided q(0) ≥ 0 and q is sufficiently regular, k has locally bounded variation and k(0 + ) is a P-matrix. Uniqueness also holds provided, in addition, k(0 + ) is symmetric positive definite. This theory shows that the impact problem studied here has a unique solution, and that energy is conserved. Numerical methods have been devised and implemented for the impact problem, and the results are presented.
Postsecondary ADHD Documentation Requirements: Common Practices in the Context of Clinical Issues, Legal Standards, and Empirical Findings

Objective: To evaluate the information postsecondary institutions require when determining disability service eligibility for students with reported ADHD. Method: ADHD documentation requirements of...
Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of Thermally Responsive Star Polymers

To mimic the three-dimensional (3-D) globular architecture resulting from the precise positioning of hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains (blocks) of naturally occurring proteins, water-soluble linear and star homopolymers of N,N‘-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) were synthesized with prescribed molecular weights via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and subsequently used as macro chain transfer agents for block copolymerization with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). For the star block copolymers, the interior block consisted of NIPAM while the exterior block was DMA. Since polyNIPAM thermally switches from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, the 3-D solution conformations of the polymers were studied as a function of temperature using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), static light scattering (SLS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The polymers were observed to form monodisperse aggregates in an aqueous pH 4 buffer solution when heated above the lower critical solution temperature (...
THE FINAL RESPONSE OF THE SMALL CUTANEOUS VESSELS

A study of the blanchings (Bier's spots) which develop in human skin deprived of circulation has proved them referable to the same general causes that lead to ischemic patching of the skin of animals, and that they are conditioned by the same factors. Both are expressions of a secondary contraction of vessels that have become hyperirritable owing to an inadequate circulation. The contraction is favored by emptying the vessels, but it occurs pronouncedly even when there is a trickle through them of arterial blood. In the case of man the contractile impulse is sometimes so great as to overcome the maximum pressure that the vessels will support. The significance of the observations is discussed.
Effective model for deconfinement at high temperature

In this talk I consider the deconfining phase transition at nonzero temperature in a SU(N) gauge theory, using a matrix model. I present some results including the position of the deconfining critical endpoint, where the first order transition for deconfinement is washed out by the presence of massive, dynamical quarks, and properites of the phase transition in the limit of large N. I show that the model is soluble at infinite N, and exhibits a Gross-Witten-Wadia transition.
Supportive forces on the human body during underwater activities

Abstract This study deals with the evaluation of the magnitude of the supportive forces and moments resulting from human activities in an underwater environment. A platform capable of monitoring all components of supporting forces and moments has been used in a water tank. Results from similar activities in air and water are presented. A mathematical model has been developed to verify the experimental results. The model can be utilized for the analysis of human body dynamics underwater.
SU-E-J-04: On-Treatment Volumetric Imaging During Respiratory Gated VMAT

Purpose: To obtain on‐treatment volumetric patient anatomy during respiratory gated VMAT. Methods: On‐board imaging device integrated with Linacs offers a viable tool for obtaining patient anatomy during radiation treatment delivery.In this study, we acquired beam‐level kV images during gated VMAT treatments using a Varian TrueBeam\texttrademark STx Linac. These kV projection images are triggered by a respiratory gating signal and can be acquired immediately before treatment MV beam on at every breathing cycle during delivery. Because the kV images are acquired with an on‐board imaging device during a rotational arc therapy, they provide the patient anatomical information from many different angles or projection views (typically 20– 40). To reconstruct the volumetric image representing patient anatomy during the VMAT treatment, we used a compressed sensing method with a fast first‐order optimization algorithm. The conventional FDK reconstruction was also used for comparison purposes. The method was tested on a dynamic anthropomorphic physical phantom as well as a lung patient. Results: The reconstructed volumetric images for a dynamic anthropomorphic physical phantom and a lung patient showed clearly visible soft‐tissue target as well as other anatomical structures,with the proposed compressed sensing‐based image reconstruction method. Compared with FDK, the compressed sensing method leads to a ∼2‐and 3fold increase in contrast‐to‐noise ratio around the target area in the phantom and patient case,respectively. Conclusion: The proposed technique provides on‐treatment volumetric patient anatomy, with only a fraction (<10%) of the imaging dose used in conventional CBCT procedures. This anatomical information may be valuable for geometric verification and treatment guidance, and useful for verification of treatment dose delivery, accumulation, and adaptation in the future.
Evaluation of wound architecture in oblique 20-gauge sutureless transconjunctival sclerotomies with VisanteTM optical coherence tomography

Purpose To investigate the in vivo real-time wound morphology of 20-gauge transconjunctival sutureless oblique sclerotomy wounds with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Subjects underwent three-port pars plana vitrectomy with a 20-gauge trocar/cannula microincision surgical system (Synergetics™) . All incisions were created in an oblique fashion (10o) and were imaged with the Visante OCT device on postoperative days 0, 1 and 8. Results Thirty patients were included. Slit-lamp examination revealed no evidence of leakage from the sclerotomy sites. Visante OCT demonstrated closed wounds in all eyes on postoperative days 0, 1 and 8. Conclusion This study demonstrates that 20 gauge sutureless transconjunctival oblique incisions provide adequate wound apposition as shown by OCT even at the day of operation.
Photoaffinity labeling of the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein of Manduca sexta

A synthetic analogue of the insect juvenile hormone (JH) III, 10,11-epoxy[10-3H]farnesyl diazoacetate [( 3H]-EFDA), binds to several proteins in a partially purified preparation of hemolymph protein from fourth instar larvae of Manduca sexta when irradiated with UV light. Approximately 80% of this binding could be inhibited by the addition of excess unlabeled JH I. To compare the relative affinity of EFDA for the juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) with that of the various JH homologues, the ability of unlabeled EFDA and JH homologues to displace [3H]JH I from binding sites was measured. The relative affinities were EFDA greater than JH I greater than JH II greater than JH III. When Scatchard analysis of the binding of [3H]EFDA or [3H]JH I to the larval JHBP was performed, an estimated apparent KD of 4.5 X 10(-8)M was found for EFDA, whereas for JH I a slightly higher KD of 8.8 X 10(-8) M was calculated. To determine if [3H]EFDA bound at the JH I binding site, displacement of [3H]JH I from the JHBP complex with unlabeled JH I, JH II, and JH III was compared to the displacement of [3H]EFDA with the same homologues. The results demonstrated that the photoaffinity label bound covalently at the JH I binding site on the hemolymph binding protein of Manduca sexta. Fluorescence autoradiography of [3H]EFDA photoaffinity labeled proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that [3H]EFDA bound covalently to two major proteins in the absence of JH I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RexAB proteins of bacteriophage λ enhance the effect of photolyase-dimer complexes on lacZ gene expression in Escherichia coli

Expression of the lacZ gene in Escherichia coli is inactivated by exposure to ultraviolet light (UV). Inactivation is exceptionally effective when cells contain amplified levels of DNA photolyase (which forms complexes with pyrimidine dimers in the absence of light for actual photoreversal) and a λ prophage. Without amplified photolyase, the λ prophage or both, inactivation rates are similar and much lower. UV-inactivation of lacZ gene expression in the presence of both amplified photolyase and λ is even more effective if λ cI857 is used in place of the wildtype prophage but is wholly unexceptional if the prophage carries defects in the λ genes rexA or rexB. When Rex AB proteins are provided by expression from a plasmid and the cell also contains amplified photolyase, exceptional inactivation rates again obtain; in fact inactivation is most effective under these conditions. The data are considered to reveal a role for Rex AB proteins, which mediate superinfection exclusion, in the exceptional inactivation of gene expression by photolyase bound to pyrimidine dimers in DNA. Photolyase-dimer complexes may mimic the structure of certain complexes that arise during phage development and thus influence Rex A and/or B proteins, thereby shutting down cell metabolism.
Transient Hydrodynamic Forces on a Disconnectable Turret Buoy

For disconnectable turret-moored FPSOs, accurate prediction of turret buoy and FPSO motions during the buoy disconnection process is essential for safe operations. For deepwater high production rate systems, large size buoys are required to accommodate the large number of risers and heavy mooring legs. Analytical models of hydrodynamic forces on large size buoys must be verified before they are applied to motion predictions. To gain a better understanding of the transient hydrodynamic loads on the buoy and hydrodynamic interactions between the buoy and the hull during disconnection, we conducted a specially designed model test in a tow tank. In the model tests, both the buoy and the FPSO models were forced to oscillate by two independent actuators in calm water and in waves. Summary of test results, computed transient hydrodynamic forces from a simplified approach, a true time-domain transient hydrodynamic analysis based on instantaneous buoy positions, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are presented in this paper.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A new algorithm for trabecular bone thickness computation at low resolution achieved under in vivo condition

Adult bone diseases, especially osteoporosis, lead to increased risk of fracture associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and financial costs. Clinically, osteoporosis is defined by low bone mineral density (BMD); however, increasing evidence suggests that the micro-architectural quality of trabecular bone (TB) is an important determinant of bone strength and fracture risk. Accurate measurement of trabecular thickness and marrow spacing is of significant interest for early diagnosis of osteoporosis or treatment effects. Here, we present a new robust algorithm for computing TB thickness and marrow spacing at a low resolution achievable in vivo. The method uses a star-line tracing technique that effectively deals with partial voluming effects of in vivo imaging where voxel size is comparable to TB thickness. Experimental results on cadaveric ankle specimens have demonstrated the algorithm's robustness (ICC > 0.98) under repeat scans of multi-row detector computed tomography (MD-CT) imaging. It has been observed in experimental results that TB thickness and marrow spacing measures as computed by the new algorithm have strong association (R2 ∈ {0.85, 0.87} ) with TB's experimental mechanical strength measures.
Innovative Grassroots NGOS and the Complex Processes of Women’s Empowerment: An Empirical Investigation from Northern Tanzania

Summary We argue that women’s empowerment is an ongoing, incremental, and relational process that occurs across scales and pathways. Using a contextualized mixed methods approach, we measure empowerment processes unfolding across Maasai villages in northern Tanzania as related to the interventions of two innovative grassroots NGOs. Our results indicate increased personal agency in the household and increased political participation at the societal level as related to NGO involvement. Moreover, we show links between increased personal agency, and changes in beliefs regarding gender norms at the societal level. This highlights the transformative potential for change and the links across empowerment pathways.
How many equivalent black-body temperatures are there?

Abstract 1. 1.|Several thermal indices, including “equivalent black-body temperature”, “effective blackbody ambient temperature” and “operative environmental temperature”, are identical with operative temperature and should be so designated. 2. 2.|“Standard operative environmental temperature”, essentially identical to standard operative tempature, is a distinct but related thermal index. 3. 3.|Operative temperature is an index of the potential driving heat flow, and must be used with a thermal resistance or conductance term. Standard operative temperature is a direct index of heat flow. 4. 4.|Both operative and standard operative temperature can either be calculated from animal and environmental heat-transfer parameters or be measured with taxidermic mounts.
ATYPICAL PUP REARING STRATEGIES BY SEA OTTERS

Eight tagged sea otter (Enhydra lutris) pups in central Prince William Sound, Alaska, weighed 6-15 kg at the time of separation from their mother. Four pups weighing 15 kg were able to forage successfully on their own. Three pups weighing 19 kg had negligible chances of survival and apparently were abandoned by sick females. Abandonment of a pup may reduce the burden on a sick female, enabling recovery and subsequent reproduction. One of the three sick females that abandoned a pup in this study recovered and pupped again. Abandonment of pups should occur most often in populations where females are stressed by poor food resources. Reassociation with a previous offspring, as observed once in this study, also may occur most frequently in food-limited populations where reproductive failures are most common and pup survivorship is significantly increased by additional maternal assistance.
The clustered traveling salesman problem

Abstract The traveling salesman problem is expanded to include the situation where a group of cities (cluster) must be visited contiguously in an optimal, unspecified order. Given several sets of clusters within the problem, a method is developed for optimizing simultaneously the ordering of cities within each cluster and the ordering of clusters. A real-world warehousing problem is shown to fit this formulation.
An information-based model of target stock price runup in the market for corporate control

The stock price runup of target firms in the market for corporate control has been anecdotally attributed to inside trading. Moreover, the empirical merger and acquisitions literature documents a time-varying level and duration of the stock price runup of target firms. Using a market microstructure approach, we model stock price runup as a stochastic process that shifts between a random walk without drift and a predictable process dependent on a parsimonious set of state variables. Consistent with the market microstructure literature, predictability in prices can be exploited only by the informed trader. The model is capable of explaining the complex stylized facts observed in stock price runup. It is also consistent with the merger wave literature, as we find that capital liquidity, economic growth, and market valuations drive the complex dynamics of stock price runup.
Collective, stochastic and nonequilibrium behavior of highly excited hadronic matter

Abstract We discuss selected problems concerning the dynamic and stochastic behavior of highly excited matter, particularly the QCD plasma. For the latter we consider the equation of state, kinetics, quasiparticles, flow properties and possible chaos and turbulence. The promise of phase space distribution functions for covariant transport and kinetic theory is stressed. The possibility and implications of a stochastic bag are spelled out. A simplified space-time model of hadronic collisions is pursued, with applications to A-A collisions and other matters. The domain wall between hadronic and plasma phase is of potential importance: its thickness and relation to surface tension is noticed. Finally we review the recently developed stochastic cell model of multiparticle distributions and KNO scaling. This topic leads to the notion that fractal dimensions are involved in a rather general dynamical context. We speculate that various scaling phenomena are independent of the full dynamical structure, depending only on a general stochastic framework having to do with simple maps and strange attractors.
Quality of life and diabetes

Quality of life is an important health outcome in its own right, representing the ultimate goal of all health interventions. This paper reviews the published, English-language literature on self-perceived quality of life among adults with diabetes. Quality of life is measured as physical and social functioning, and perceived physical and mental well-being. People with diabetes have a worse quality of life than people with no chronic illness, but a better quality of life than people with most other serious chronic diseases. Duration and type of diabetes are not consistently associated with quality of life. Intensive treatment does not impair quality of life, and having better glycemic control is associated with better quality of life. Complications of diabetes are the most important disease-specific determinant of quality of life. Numerous demographic and psychosocial factors influence quality of life and should be controlled when comparing subgroups. Studies of clinical and educational interventions suggest that improving patients' health status and perceived ability to control their disease results in improved quality of life. Methodologically, it is important to use multidimensional assessments of quality of life, and to include both generic and disease-specific measures. Quality of life measures should be used to guide and evaluate treatment interventions.
Improved fire resistance test method for belt materials

A moderately scaled apparatus was developed for determining the fire resistance characteristics of mice conveyor belts and similar type materials. The test method overcomes the limitations of existing laboratory-scale methods and provides a measure of both ignitability and flammability in quantitative terms. Data are presented for nine belt materials, and fire resistance ratings are proposed in terms of the flame spread rate, heat release rate, and critical ignitor heat flux.
Role of intraoperative parathormone monitoring during parathyroidectomy in patients with discordant localization studies

Background Many patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (SPHPT) have discordant preoperative Tc-99m-sestamibi (MIBI) and ultrasonography studies prior to focused parathyroidectomy (PTX). This study examines the usefulness of intraoperative parathormone monitoring (IPM) during PTX in patients with discordant preoperative localization studies. Methods A retrospective series of 225 consecutive SPHPT patients with MIBI scans and surgeon performed ultrasonography (SUS) prior to focused parathyroidectomy were studied. All patient operations were reviewed, and how IPM changed operative management was determined. Correct gland localization, presence of multigland disease (MGD), and operative outcome were also examined. Results In 225 patients, overall operative success was 97%, and IPM changed operative management in 29% of patients. In 85 patients (38%) with discordant studies, operative success was 93%; IPM changed operative management in 74% of these patients. IPM allowed for 66% (56/85) of these operations to be performed as unilateral neck exploration and confirmed removal of abnormal glands in 7 patients with MGD. In 140 patients (62%) with concordant localization, in which operative success was 99%, IPM changed operative management in only 2% (3/140) of these patients with MGD. Conclusion Although of marginal benefit in patients with concordant imaging studies, IPM remains essential for performing successful PTX with discordant or incorrect concordant localization.
Is the relationship between race and continuous positive airway pressure adherence mediated by sleep duration

Study objectives Black race has been associated with decreased continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence. Short sleep duration, long sleep latency, and insomnia complaints may affect CPAP adherence as they affect sleep and opportunity to use CPAP. We assessed whether self-reported sleep measures were associated with CPAP adherence and if racial variations in these sleep characteristics may explain racial differences in CPAP adherence. Design Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (HomePAP), which investigated home versus laboratory-based diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Setting Seven American Academy of Sleep Medicine-accredited sleep centers in five cities in the United States. Patients or participants Enrolled subjects (n = 191) with apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 and sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale > 12). Interventions N/A. Measurements and results Multivariable regression was used to assess if subjective sleep measures and symptoms predicted 3-mo CPAP use. Mediation analysis was used to assess if sleep measures mediated the association of race with CPAP adherence. Black participants reported shorter sleep duration and longer sleep latency at baseline than white and Hispanic participants. Shorter sleep duration and longer sleep latency predicted worse CPAP adherence. Sleep duration mediated the association of black race with lower CPAP adherence. However, insomnia symptoms were not associated with race or CPAP adherence. Conclusions Among subjects with similar severity of obstructive sleep apnea and sleepiness, baseline self-reported sleep duration and latency, but not perceived insomnia, predicted CPAP adherence over 3 mo. Sleep duration explains some of the observed differences in CPAP use by race. Sleep duration and latency should be considered when evaluating poor CPAP adherence. Clinical trial information PORTABLE MONITORING FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF SLEEP APNEA (HOMEPAP) URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00642486. NIH clinical trials registry number: NCT00642486.
Sclerosing mesenteritis mimics gynecologic malignancy.

Sclerosing mesenteritis, inflammatory pseudotumor, retroperitoneal fibrosis and IgG-4 related disease are rare inflammatory conditions that may present as a pelvic mass and mimic malignancy or infection. There is considerable overlap between these inflammatory conditions often leading to diagnostic and therapeutic confusion. Sclerosing mesenteritis is characterized by chronic inflammation, fibrosis and fat necrosis, and is thought to originate from the small bowel mesentery (Akram et al., 2007 May;5). Inflammatory pseudotumors are characterized histologically by myofibroblast-derived spindle cells and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. They may affect numerous organs of the body, most notably the orbit and lung, and they are often mistaken for malignancy (Yagmur et al., 2014). Retroperitoneal fibrosis is characterized by fibrosis and inflammation of the retroperitoneum, often causing encasement of retroperitoneal organs including the ureters and aorta (Liu et al., 2014 Nov). IgG 4-related disease is characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform (irregularly whorled) fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis (Stone et al., 2012 Feb 9) (Carruthers et al., 2012 Jan). Inflammatory diseases of the retroperitoneum typically occur in men in the sixth to seventh decade of life, occurring twice as often in men than woman. Some hypothesize that risk factors for sclerosing mesenteritis may include autoimmunity, trauma, previous surgery, infectious, and ischemic injury (Akram et al., 2007 May;5). Patients typically present with progressive abdominal and flank pain, abdominal distension, and at times diarrhea, malaise, weight loss, fevers and lower extremity edema. Some patients present acutely with renal failure and hydronephrosis secondary to mass effect and ureteral obstruction (Akram et al., 2007 May;5, Liu et al., 2014 Nov 8). Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are often elevated in these patients. An elevated serum IgG-4 level may be helpful in the diagnosis of IgG-4 related disease, although up to 30% of these patients have normal serum levels. Computed tomography scans are the most common imaging study used to aid in diagnosis. Scans may reveal connective tissue around the abdominal ureters, aorta, or show a large mass that broadly occupies the retroperitoneum (Stone et al., 2012 Feb 9). These masses may also show calcifications, retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, and increased collateral circulation (Liu et al., 2014 Nov). While clinical suspicion and serologic studies may help in diagnosis, histopathological features from a tissue sample remain key to proving a diagnosis. While these conditions can affect almost every organ system, gynecologists will encounter them when a patient presents with a retroperitoneal pelvic mass. These masses are often unresectable, but as their etiology is thought to be immune-mediated, they tend to respond well to immunosuppressive therapy.
Does Humanity Share a Common Moral Faculty

The history of ethics contains many moral faculty theories, which usually are sorted by their metaphysics. The usual suspects include moral rationalism (Richard Price, Kant), moral sentiment theory (Hutcheson, Hume, Smith) and the varieties of ethical naturalism. Moral faculty theories differ importantly upon yet another dimension, on how widely it is distributed. Some, the Platonic elitists (Plato, J.S. Mill, R.M. Hare), suppose that moral truth can be discerned only by philosophical argument. Hence, they ascribe a revisionary task to normative theory, that of correcting nonphilosophers' moral errors. Others, the communalists (Aquinas, Hume, W.D. Ross), hold that the moral faculty is universally distributed. Hence, they hold that normative theory's task is not to revise, but rather to discern and explain the shared moral conception that we all apply in our ordinary moral lives. I here offer arguments to support commonalism.
Commitment: A Variable in Women's Response to Marital Therapy.

Abstract The relationship between commitment to one's marriage at the onset of therapy and changes during marital therapy was examined. In a sample of 42 couples seeking marital therapy, wives' commitment level accounted for a significant amount of unique variance in marital satisfaction before therapy and gains in marital satisfaction resulting from therapy. In keeping with earlier findings, results for men were less striking, and often nonsignificant. The importance of considering the variable of commitment in marital research is discussed.
Phosphorylation by Akt1 promotes cytoplasmic localization of Skp2 and impairs APCCdh1-mediated Skp2 destruction

Skp2 is a known component of the SCF ubiquitin ligase that targets the cell-cycle regulator p27. Akt kinase phosphorylates Skp2 and regulates its stability and cytoplasmic localization. Deregulated Skp2 function promotes cell transformation, and this is consistent with observations of Skp2 overexpression in many human cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying elevated Skp2 expression are still unknown. Here we show that the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt1, but not Akt2, directly controls Skp2 stability by a mechanism that involves degradation by the APC–Cdh1 ubiquitin ligase complex. We show further that Akt1 phosphorylates Skp2 at Ser 72, which is required to disrupt the interaction between Cdh1 and Skp2. In addition, we show that Ser 72 is localized within a putative nuclear localization sequence and that phosphorylation of Ser 72 by Akt leads to cytoplasmic translocation of Skp2. This finding expands our knowledge of how specific signalling kinase cascades influence proteolysis governed by APC–Cdh1 complexes, and provides evidence that elevated Akt activity and cytoplasmic Skp2 expression may be causative for cancer progression.
Natural Abundance 17O NMR Studies on Methyl N-Arylcarbamates: Torsion Angle and Electronic Effects

Abstract Natural abundance 17O NMR data for 14 substituted methyl N-arylcarbamates obtained in acetonitrile solution at 75°C are reported. The 17O NMR chemical shifts of hindered ortho N-arylcarbamates are shielded relative to unhindered ones; a quantitative relationship is observed between the carbonyl 17O NMR chemical shifts and molecular mechanics (MM2) predicted torsion angles. The carbonyl 17O NMR chemical shifts of meta and para substituted N-arylcarbamates are correlated with Hammett sigma constants.
THE EFFECT OF A VERY STRONG MAGNETIC CROSS-FIELD ON STEADY MOTION THROUGH A SLIGHTLY CONDUCTING FLUID: THREE-DIMENSIONAL CASE

Abstract : The steady flow is discussed of a slightly conducting, incompressible, inviscid fluid past a field obstacle in the presence of a very strong magnetic field perpendicular to the free stream. The obstacle is a finite insulator of general shape whose permeability is equal to that of the fluid. The following phases of the problem are treated: equations of steady motion and their limiting forms, solution of the limit equations, compressing the y-coordinate, the source solution and its properties, determination of the complete solution, the drag on an ellipsoid.
A Reevaluation of Equity Theory: The Influence of Culture

The authors decompose equity theory into its component parts, evaluating related cross-cultural research to determine how culture would influence the operation of the theory. They explore complexit...
Rubens's Munich Lion Hunt: Its Sources and Significance*

“In animal painting, Rubens stands at the crossroads of time as the greatest master; there is one kind before him and another after him.”1 Jacob Burckhardt's observation, published in 1898, remains an accurate assessment of Rubens's position in the history of the genre. Surely no artist before him had so successfully integrated wild beasts into the formal and expressive vocabulary of dramatic painting. Before Rubens, only Leonardo had articulated the problem; after him, only Delacroix attempted to deal with the theme on a comparable level. What Leonardo had envisioned for the horse in battle depictions—namely, full dramatic involvement, equal to that of the human form—Rubens extended to the hunting scene. In this, as in all his work, he drew upon the traditions of classical art, ancient and Renaissance, enriching it with a new vitality derived from his Flemish heritage.
Reduction of platelet deposition on vascular grafts using an antiplatelet graft coating technique

The systemic use of platelet inhibitors has been shown to improve vascular graft function. In this study a biodegradable coating of polymeric polylactic acid (PLA) containing a microparticulate suspension of aspirin (ASA) 30% by weight, was applied to the lumenal surface of small diameter vascular prostheses to reduce platelet deposition on canine implanted arterial grafts. USCI 4-mm ID Dacron internal velour grafts were used. Coated and contralateral noncoated (control) prostheses were implanted in canine carotid and femoral arteries. Graft performance was assessed by determination of aspirin elution rates, in vivo red cell subtracted 111indium-labeled platelet scans, and post implant platelet aggregation studies. Eighty percent of the aspirin in the coated grafts was released during the first 24 hr of perfusion and approximately 20% of the aspirin remained in grafts after 1 month. In vivo platelet scans documented less platelet deposition on ASA-coated grafts when compared to controls 2 and 24 hr post implant (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference in platelet deposition on ASA-coated and control grafts at 2 weeks or 1 month post implant. Post implant platelet aggregation studies indicated systemic platelet inhibition for 4–5 days. It was concluded that aspirin incorporation in a polylactic acid coating applied to 4-mm ID vascular prostheses reduced the platelet affinity of Dacron grafts and exerted a temporary local and systemic platelet inhibiting effect.
The Fear of Rape: A Study in Social Control

Feminists argue that the threat of rape acts as an instrument of social control of women, keeping them in a state of anxiety and encouraging the self-imposition of behavioral restrictions in a quest for safety. This assertion is tested with survey data from residents of Chicago, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Women fear crime more than men, and engage in more precautionary behaviors. However, these fears and behaviors are not randomly distributed among women. Those with the fewest resources to cope with victimization, the elderly, ethnic minorities, and those with low incomes, carry the heaviest burden of fear. Psychosocial and environmental factors associated with high fear levels among women include perceptions of high risk of one's own victimization of a multitude of violent crimes (including rape), a sense of physical powerlessness, and weak feelings of attachment to the neighborhood. Fear levels are strong predictors of the use of either of two types of safety strategies, isolating oneself from danger by limiting one's movement through time and space, and risk management in the face of danger by using “street savvy” tactics. Reliance on isolation is associated with women's beliefs about their own physical competence, while use of “street savvy” tactics is related to women's attitudes about the extent of danger in their neighborhoods. The implications of these results for the quality of women's lives are discussed.
A critique of emergency management policy: recommendations to reduce disaster vulnerability

The problems currently evident in emergency management give ample reason to reflect upon the direction of this profession in the USA. This paper evaluates the founding principles upon which this profession was based in the 1980s. It then highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the sustainability school that appeared a decade later. After illustrating the need for and problems associated with homeland security, this paper puts forward the concept of vulnerability management. This policy guide is based on the notions of liability reduction and capacity building, and has close relation to increasingly popular terms such as risk, susceptibility, resistance and resilience. This paper concludes with recommendations on how to implement a policy of vulnerability management.
The psychiatric advanced practice nurse with prescriptive authority: Role development, practice issues, and outcomes measurement

Within the rapidly changing health care system, there is an increased need for professionals who can provide cost-effective primary health care for mentally ill patients. This article discusses the role of the Psychiatric Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) with Prescriptive Authority as a cost-effective, high-quality component of comprehensive mental health care delivery. Historical aspects of the development of the Nurse Practitioner (NP) role are discussed, as well as issues specific to the role in psychiatric nursing. The implementation of this role at Rochester is described, followed by recommendations for studying the impact of the Psychiatric NP on care delivery, including process and outcome variables.
CLASSICAL (DISTAL) RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS: ENDOGENOUS ACID PRODUCTION

It has been shown by McSherry et al (Clin Res 21:229, 1973), that children with classical (distal) renal tubular acidosis (cRTA) can achieve normal growth with sustained correction of acidemia by aggressive alkali therapy of up to 6-10 mEq/kg/day. To test the hypothesis that such patients have a marked increase in endogenous production of non-volatile, non-carbonic acid, incident to “catch-up” growth, three children aged 3-10 years with cRTA were each studied for three weeks by the methods of Relman et al (JCI 40:1621, 1961) regarding the rate of endogenous acid production. Mean values of patients and the twelve controls (in brackets) are presented in mEq/kg/day: sulfuric acid production, 2.5 ± 0.2 (1.3 ± 0.3); hydrogen ion production incident to incomplete oxidation of organic acid, 0.9 ± 0.2 (1.0 ± 0.4) and total net acid production, 3.4 ± 0.2 (2.3 ± 0.1). Stepwise increments of the bicarbonate therapy from 2 to 6 mEq/kg/day corrected the acidemia but did not alter the rate of endogenous acid production. The data indicate that the rate of endogenous acid production in these children with cRTA is 30% higher than comparable, healthy children and the increased sulfuric acid production accounts, in large part, for this elevation. It is concluded that the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids is accelerated, the exact mechanism of which requires further study.