cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A recurrence analysis of chaotic and non-chaotic solutions within a generalized nine-dimensional Lorenz model

Abstract Based on recent studies using high-dimensional Lorenz models (LMs), a revised view on the nature of weather has been proposed as follows: the entirety of weather is a superset that consists of both chaotic and non-chaotic processes. We suggest that better predictability may be obtained for non-chaotic processes if they can be identified in advance. In this study, to achieve the goal, we generate recurrence plots (RPs) for classifying various types of solutions obtained using simplified and full versions of the generalized Lorenz model (GLM) with various M modes, including M = 3 , 5 , 7 , and 9. We first perform recurrence analyses of the following solutions: (1) a periodic solution and quasi-periodic solutions containing multiple incommensurate frequencies; (2) a temporal transition from an unstable solution to a limit cycle solution, which is an isolated closed orbit; and (3) the coexistence of two types of solutions such as a steady-state and a chaotic solution or a steady-state and limit cycle solution. Various types of solutions that coexist depend only on the initial conditions (ICs). Additionally, to effectively detect the dependence of the coexistence on ICs, we further complete the following: (1) We derive a new system, referred to as version 2 (V2), by decomposing a total field into a basic state and a perturbation. The V2 system is capable of depicting the linear and nonlinear evolution of perturbations that deviate from the basic state represented by a non-trivial critical point solution. (2) We perform ensemble runs with various ICs distributed over a hypersphere centered at a non-trivial critical point. (3) We produce recurrence plots for the ensemble runs using various radii for the hypersphere. The feasibility of applying the above method for analyzing African Easterly Waves (AEWs) is discussed near the end.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with a traditional Japanese training method under a waterfall named Takigyo: a case report.

Case Takigyo is a traditional Japanese training method for psychosomatic conditions in which individuals meditate under a waterfall. A 55-year-old man presented with a mild headache and visual loss that occurred following Takigyo. On the day of admission, acute ischemic stroke was suspected based on brain magnetic resonance imaging examination. However, subsequent brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed reversible vasoconstriction of the cerebral diffuse segmental arteries. Outcome We diagnosed reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome caused by Takigyo on the basis of his clinical course and image findings. He was treated with nifedipine and his clinical condition improved without recurrence. Conclusion We experienced a unique RCVS associated with Takigyo. It is important to accurately assess the etiology of headache with unusual circumstances and differential diagnosis including reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
Sessile growth reveals novel paradigms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa iron-regulated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic pathogens that cause chronic, polymicrobial infections. Each pathogen possesses a complex regulatory network that modulates iron acquisition and virulence. However, our current knowledge of these networks is largely based on studies with shaking cultures, which are not likely representative of microbial communities in vivo. Here, we provide proteomic, metabolic, and genetic evidence that iron regulation is altered in sessile P. aeruginosa cultures. We further demonstrate that iron-regulated interactions between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are mediated by distinct factors in shaking versus sessile bacterial cultures. Moreover, we identified type 6 secretion as a target of iron regulation in P. aeruginosa in static but not shaking conditions, and co-culture studies suggest this system may contribute to antimicrobial activity against S. aureus in static conditions. These results yield new bacterial iron regulation paradigms and highlight the need for re-defining iron homeostasis in sessile microbial communities.
Performance characteristics of the low-cost Plantower PMS optical sensor

Low-cost sensors have become very popular in recent years for monitoring air pollutants. Commonly, they are calibrated by correlating their signals with reference instrument measurements and using ...
How can citizen science advance environmental justice? Exploring the noise paradox through sense of place

Noise, whether measured by decibel-based metrics (loudness or sound levels) or perception-based approaches (through perceived annoyance), can negatively impact human health. Low-frequency noise (LF...
A narrative review of pharmacologic de-resuscitation in the critically ill.

Abstract Despite evidence highlighting harms of fluid overload, minimal guidance exists on counteraction via utilization of diuretics in the de-resuscitation phase. While diuretics have been shown to decrease net volume and improve clinical outcomes in the critically ill, a lack of standardization surrounding selection of diuretic regimen or monitoring of de-resuscitation exists. Current monitoring parameters of de-resuscitation often rely on clinical signs of fluid overload, end organ recovery and other biochemical surrogate markers which are often deemed unreliable. The majority of evidence suggests that achieving a net-negative fluid balance within 72 h after shock resolution may be of benefit; however, approaches to such goal are uncertain. Loop diuretics are a widely available type of diuretic for removal of volume in patients with sufficient kidney function, with the potential for adjunct diuretics in special circumstances. At present, administration of diuretics within the broad critically ill population fails to find uniformity and often efficacy. Given the lack of randomized controlled trials in this susceptible population, we aim to provide a thorough therapeutic understanding of diuretic pharmacotherapy which is necessary in order to achieve desired goal of fluid balance and improve overall outcomes.
What Roseanne Barr Meant to Media Studies

After a series of vile tweets, in 2018 comedienne Roseanne Barr was summarily dismissed from her eponymous sitcom Roseanne, a self-styled reboot of the original U.S. television show (running from 1...
Sparse Persistent GEMM Accelerator using OpenCL for Intel FPGAs

Optimizations of primitive routines such as General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) continue to advance the state of the art performance for their applications. Various libraries such as Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) exist that provide API interfaces to highly tuned, hardware-specific implementations. Applications such as deep learning push the limits of what is possible from these subroutines by necessitating unique optimizations like lowering numeric precision and data type bit-width, exploiting resiliency, and removing redundancy. Hardware plays a considerable role in the performance of a subroutine because of the inherent layout of memory and arithmetic structures such as the SIMD processors found in general CPU and GPU architectures. FPGAs play a unique role in this space because the reconfigurable circuits and routing provide a pipelined architecture capable of both SIMD and MIMD-like architectures. Within a pipeline, the capability of accelerating operations on FPGA through low-bit and fine-grained designs is typically only seen in ASICs. In this paper, we provide an overview of an OpenCL based GEMM accelerator design that exploits sparsity and compression to persist data in FPGA on-chip, fine-grained SRAM. The design includes support for successive GEMMs with added activation functions, making it suitable for some machine learning applications. Results are measured running on Intel's Arria 10 GX 1150 FPGA. Compared to non-sparse and non-persistent designs, we achieve a speedup towards the theoretical limit of 6.5× for our fine-grained implementation and 8× for our structured implementation. We measure over 1 TOP/s utilizing only 17% of Arria 10 DSP blocks for a 90% sparse design.
An Introduction to Acceptance Sampling and SPC with R

An Introduction to Acceptance Sampling and SPC with R is an introduction to statistical methods used in monitoring, controlling and improving quality. Topics covered include acceptance sampling; Shewhart control charts for Phase I studies; graphical and statistical tools for discovering and eliminating the cause of out-of-control-conditions; Cusum and EWMA control charts for Phase II process monitoring; and the design and analysis of experiments for process troubleshooting and discovering ways to improve process output. Origins of statistical quality control and the technical topics presented in the remainder of the book are those recommended in the ANSI/ASQ/ISO guidelines and standards for industry. The final chapter ties everything together by discussing modern management philosophies that encourage the use of the technical methods presented earlier. In the modern world sampling plans and the statistical calculations used in statistical quality control are done with the help of computers. As an open source high-level programming language with flexible graphical output options, R runs on Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems, and has add-on packages that equal or exceed the capability of commercial software for statistical methods used in quality control. In this book, we will focus on several R packages. In addition to demonstrating how to use R for acceptance sampling and control charts, this book will concentrate on how the use of these specific tools can lead to quality improvements both within a company and within their supplier companies. This would be a suitable book for a one-semester undergraduate course emphasizing statistical quality control for engineering majors (such as manufacturing engineering or industrial engineering), or a supplemental text for a graduate engineering course that included quality control topics.
Induction of Fetal Hemoglobin by Gene Therapy.

Shortly after birth, fetal hemoglobin is replaced by adult hemoglobin in red cells, a process that reflects a developmental switch in the β-globin locus that favors the expression of β-globin and t...
The X-ray Spectra of VY Scl Stars Are Not Blackbodies

Using ASCA data, we find, contrary to other researchers using ROSAT data, that the X-ray spectra of the VY Scl stars TT Ari and KR Aur are poorly fit by an absorbed blackbody model but are well fit by an absorbed thermal plasma model. The different conclusions about the nature of the X-ray spectrum of KR Aur may be due to differences in the accretion rate, since this star was in a high optical state during the ROSAT observation, but in an intermediate optical state during the ASCA observation. TT Ari, on the other hand, was in a high optical state during both observations, so directly contradicts the hypothesis that the X-ray spectra of VY Scl stars in their high optical states are blackbodies. Instead, based on theoretical expectations and the ASCA, Chandra, and XMM spectra of other nonmagnetic cataclysmic variables, we believe that the X-ray spectra of VY Scl stars in their low and high optical states are due to hot thermal plasma in the boundary layer between the accretion disk and the surface of the white dwarf, and appeal to the acquisition of Chandra and XMM grating spectra to test this prediction.
Real V. City of Long Beach

Commentary on a facial challenge, an as-applied challenge, and a prior restraint challenge to a municipal zoning ordinance regulating tattoo parlors contending that it was an unlawful time, place & manner restrictions on speech.
A Narrative Literature Review of the Epidemiology, Etiology, and Treatment of Co-Occurring Panic Disorder and Opioid Use Disorder.

Panic disorder is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that often co-occurs with substance use disorders. Given the current opioid epidemic, the high reported rates of comorbid panic disorder and opioid use disorder are particularly concerning. In this narrative review, we describe the literature on panic disorder and opioid use disorder co-occurrence. Methods: 86 studies, 26 reviews, 2 commentaries, and 5 guidelines pertaining to opioid use disorder, panic disorder, and their comorbidity were identified using all EBSCO databases, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results: First, we review epidemiological literature on the prevalence of the comorbid condition above and beyond each disorder on its own. Additionally, we discuss the challenges that complicate the differential diagnosis of panic disorder and opioid use disorder and contribute to difficulties establishing rates of comorbidity. Second, we review three theoretical models that have been proposed to explain high rates of co-occurring panic disorder and opioid use disorder: the precipitation hypothesis, the self-medication hypothesis, and the shared vulnerability hypothesis. Third, we outline how co-occurring panic and opioid use disorder may impact treatment for each condition. Conclusion: Based on findings in the field, we provide recommendations for future research as well as treatment considerations for co-occurring panic and opioid use disorders.
The Geopolitics of Knowledge About World Politics: A Case Study in U.S. Hegemony

The dominant ways in which intellectuals and political elites around the world have come to think about world politics are not the result of either an open search for the best perspective or theory or a reflection of an essentially local perspective. The most prestigious repertoires of thinking about world politics represent the historical emergence of theoretical genres intimately associated with specific times and places which circulate and adapt in association with the spheres of influence of schools and authors with the best reputations and which in turn reflect the current geopolitical order. After providing a brief summary of various ways of conceiving the geography of knowledge, I present four premises for what I am calling the geopolitics of knowledge. I then consider the specific case of how a particular theoretical perspective of peculiarly American provenance came to dominate much academic thinking about world politics outside the United States.
An in vitro approach to investigate medicinal chemical synthesis by three herbal plants

Ever since regulatory changes introduced herbals into mainstream supermarkets and pharmacies, there has been an explosion of demand for herbal plants and extracts which can be used to improve human health and well being. Science still lacks a basic mechanistic understanding of how environmental triggers regulate phytochemical accumulation, but this gap can be bridged using in vitro models to examine herbal species responses. For St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), uniform in vitro shoot cultures were set up as a parallel to a previously established sand culture system for investigation of physical and chemical environmental factors that control hypericin accumulation. Cytokinin supplementation of shoot culture medium resulted in a proliferation of abundant leaf glands with enhanced levels of hypericin, as compared to controls. Cell cultures of echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) were established, and hydrophilic pharmacological components (caffeic acid derivatives) were detected. A protocol of rigorous explant pretreatment, and use of newly emerging vegetative shoots permitted establishment of axenic kava (Piper methysticum) callus, which was used to regenerate roots (organogenesis). Kavapyrone synthesis was achieved in both undifferentiated cell cultures and in cultured roots, although at lower levels than found in in vivo root systems. The predominance of kavain and methysticin in both forms of the in vitro cultures was parallel to the relative proportions from kava roots in vivo. The cell and organ cultures of all three herbal medicinals provide advantageous, easily-manipulated models to decipher environmental controls of phytochemical biosynthesis.
The quality-of-life benefits of breast reconstruction do not diminish with age.

Background and Objectives Older women rarely receive post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR). While there is a perception that PMBR is less beneficial in this age group, quality-of-life (QOL) data related to PMBR in older women remain scarce. Methods Women with AJCC stage 0-III breast cancer who underwent a mastectomy were surveyed. Respondents included 215 older women (≥65 years), of whom 36.0% received PMBR, and a control group of 101 younger women (<65 years), all of whom received PMBR. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the Duke Health Profile and the BREAST-Q. Results The survey response rate was 74.9%. An age-matched comparison of older women with and without PMBR revealed no significant differences in physical health, anxiety, or depression scores; however, PMBR was associated with greater breast satisfaction (P = 0.002) and greater breast-related psychosocial well-being (P= 0.02) than mastectomy alone. Among those who received PMBR, there was no correlation between age and breast satisfaction, psychosocial well-being, nor satisfaction with the outcome (P = 0.11, 0.21, and 0.56). Conclusions Older women who undergo PMBR have better breast-related QOL outcomes than those who do not. Moreover, the outcomes of PMBR in older women are similar to those seen in younger women. When appropriate, older women should be encouraged to consider PMBR. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:663–668. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter

This study examined the kinetics of photoreduction of Hg(ii) and photodemethylation of methylmercury (MeHg(+)) attached to, or in the presence of, dissolved organic matter (DOM). Both Hg(ii) and MeHg(+) are principally bound to reduced sulfur groups associated with DOM in many freshwater systems. We propose that a direct photolysis mechanism is plausible for reduction of Hg(ii) bound to reduced sulfur groups on DOM while an indirect mechanism is supported for photodemethylation of MeHg(+) bound to DOM. UV spectra of Hg(ii) and MeHg(+) bound to thiol containing molecules demonstrate that the Hg(ii)-S bond is capable of absorbing UV-light in the solar spectrum to a much greater extent than MeHg(+)-S bonds. Experiments with chemically distinct DOM isolates suggest that concentration of DOM matters little in the photochemistry if there are enough reduced S sites present to strongly bind MeHg(+) and Hg(ii); DOM concentration does not play a prominent role in photodemethylation other than to screen light, which was demonstrated in a field experiment in the highly colored St. Louis River where photodemethylation was not observed at depths ≥ 10 cm. Experiments with thiol ligands yielded slower photodegradation rates for MeHg(+) than in experiments with DOM and thiols; rates in the presence of DOM alone were the fastest supporting an intra-DOM mechanism. Hg(ii) photoreduction rates, however, were similar in experiments with only DOM, thiols plus DOM, or only thiols suggesting a direct photolysis mechanism. Quenching experiments also support the existence of an intra-DOM photodemethylation mechanism for MeHg(+). Utilizing the difference in photodemethylation rates measured for MeHg(+) attached to DOM or thiol ligands, the binding constant for MeHg(+) attached to thiol groups on DOM was estimated to be 10(16.7).
Interaction of a multi-color optical field with a THz-driven quantum well

Summary form only given. An optical beam tuned at an interband transition of a quantum well (QW) experiences absorption. The degree of the absorption can be controlled by applying a bias field across the QW via quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). However, if the bias field changes very rapidly (in the THz range), the optical absorption becomes quite different from the usual QCSE. In particular, for QWs with strong excitonic properties, the application of THz field results in the appearance of strong absorption peaks not only at the energy of the usual excitonic transition but also at energies separated from it by a multiple of the THz frequency. For THz-driven QWs, the phase between the spectral components separated by a multiple of the THz frequency plays a significant role. To illustrate the role of the phase, we studied optical absorption in a 150 /spl Aring/ GaAs QW using the semiconductor Bloch equations in the linear regime with respect to the optical field strength. The effects of the THz field are treated nonperturbatively. The calculated strong phase dependence of the optical absorption in THz-driven QWs may open new possibilities for optical switching in WDM systems.
Arbitrage Risk and the Timeliness of Stock Price Adjustments to Accounting Fundamentals

I examine the effect of arbitrage risk on the alignment between stock prices and accounting fundamentals, where arbitrage risk is measured as the lack of close substitutes that can be used as a hedge. I find evidence consistent with the disparity between value and price being positively associated with arbitrage risk. Consistent with short-positions being more sensitive to arbitrage risk, my results are more pronounced for strategies that require short positions. I then show that the timeliness of the alignment between stock prices and accounting fundamentals is negatively related to arbitrage risk. My results provide empirical support for the hypothesis that price requires time to reflect accounting information and has implications for research that assumes that prices are measured without error.
Cell Envelope of an Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium: Studies of Lipopolysaccharide and Peptidoglycan

Further structural detail is presented of the cell envelope of the chemolithotroph Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans). Thin sections of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan show structures comparable to those seen in the envelope of intact cells, whereas negative stains of LPS appear as sheets, or ribbons, or both. The sugars common to LPS, namely, heptose, glucose, galactose, mannose, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate, were identified. The cations, iron, calcium, and magnesium, were associated with LPS. The purified LPS had a density of 1.28 and an uncorrected sedimentation coefficient of 99.9S.
Pentoxifylline Attenuates Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Stimulated Collagen Deposition and Elastogenesis in Human Tunica Albuginea-Derived Fibroblasts Part 1: Impact on Extracellular Matrix

ABSTRACT Introduction Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease (PD) and also plays a role in collagen and elastin metabolism. Pentoxifylline (PTX) antagonizes the effects of TGF-β1 and has been utilized in our clinic for the management of PD. Aim We studied the effects of TGF-β1 and PTX on collagen metabolism and elastogenesis in tunica albuginea-derived fibroblasts (TADFs). Methods TADFs from men with and without PD were cultured and treated with TGF-β1 and PTX as monotherapy at differing concentrations and time points. Combination treatment (TGF-β1 followed by PTX and vice versa) was also investigated. Main Outcome Measures Cell proliferation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to assess the impact of TGF-β1 and PTX on TADF with respect to elastin and collagen I metabolism. Results PTX inhibited fibroblast proliferation at doses of 100 µM. TGF-β1 stimulated elastogenesis and collagen I fiber deposition in TADF in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Pretreatment with PTX dramatically attenuated TGF-β1-mediated elastogenesis and collagen fiber deposition in TADF from men with and without PD. Interestingly, production of collagen I was higher in untreated Peyronie's tunica (PT) cells relative to normal tunica (NT) cells; furthermore, PTX attenuated collagen production to levels similar to untreated control TADF in PT cells but not in NT cells, suggesting important intrinsic differences between PT and NT cells. Conclusion Both elastin and collagen are upregulated by TGF-β1 in TADF. This likely contributes to the PD phenotype. Pretreatment with PTX attenuates both collagen fiber deposition and elastogenesis in TADF exposed to TGF-β1; these effects suggest a useful role for PTX in the management of PD. Shindel AW, Lin G, Ning H, Banie L, Huang Y-C, Liu G, Lin C-S, and Lue TF. Pentoxifylline attenuates TGF-β1 stimulated collagen deposition and elastogenesis in human tunica albuginea-derived fibroblasts Part 1: Impact on extracellular matrix.
Desempleo y justicia local

In this paper Jon Elster presents a set of criteria of local justice that regulate dismissals. In situations where work is limited and companies adopt means of employment redundancy, the decision of dismissing certain workers —when this one tries not to be arbitrary— can be based on local criteria of fairness like merit, efficiency, age or other analysed in this work. So, after defining the concept of local justice and presenting some examples, the paper focuses on the importance of the work to organize and structure the life of people. Unemployment has serious consequences for the persons who suffer it and the author advises that it is necessary to subordinate dismissals to criteria of local justice.
The senior seminar in mathematics at Union University

ABSTRACT In this article, we discuss questions which one can use to determine course content in a senior seminar course. We then discuss the senior seminar in mathematics at Union University. In particular, we discuss the curriculum review, the article summary, the book report, the philosophical discussions, and the project. We end by discussing the place of the course in the curriculum and grading issues. * This paper is an invited paper from the Contributed Paper Session on The Undergraduate Seminar in Mathematics at the New Orleans Joint AMS/AMA Mathematics Meetings, 10–13 January 2001.
Aeromechanical stability analysis of a multirotor vehicle model representing a hybrid heavy lift airship (HHLA)

Hybrid Heavy Lift Airship (HHLA) is a proposed candidate vehicle aimed at providing heavy lift capability at low cost. This vehicle consists of a buoyant envelope attached to a supporting structure to which four rotor systems, taken from existing helicopters are attached. Nonlinear equations of motion capable of modelling the dynamics of this coupled multi-rotor/support frame/vehicle system have been developed. Using these equations of motion the aeroelastic and aeromechanical stability analysis is performed aimed at identifying potential instabilities which could occur for this type of vehicle. The coupling between various blade, supporting structure and rigid body modes is identified. Furthermore, the effects of changes in buoyancy ratio (Buoyant lift/total weight) on the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle are studied. The dynamic effects found are of considerable importance for the design of such vehicles. The analytical model developed is also useful for studying the aeromechanical stability of single rotor and tandem rotor coupled rotor/fuselage systems.
Studies on the Lysine and Tryptophan Requirements of the Laying and Breeding Hen

Abstract IN A previous report (Ingram et al., 1950) it was shown that corn gluten meal supplemented with tryptophan and lysine as the source of protein in an otherwise purified diet would support a fair rate of production in the laying hen. Egg production on this ration was 47 percent while the omission of either of the above amino acids resulted in much lower egg production. Cravens (1948) had shown that a ration composed largely of corn and corn gluten meal when fed to the laying hen would maintain the hen in laying condition for an extended period of time. Using this ration, he obtained approximately 38 percent egg production in a fifteen week experiment. In an effort to determine the lysine and tryptophan requirements of the laying hen, it was decided to use a corn-corn gluten meal ration supplemented with lysine and tryptophan. EXPERIMENTAL Single Comb White Leghorn pullets were . . .
The Role of Self-Regulation in Voice Therapy

Self-regulation (SR) is the ability to voluntarily control one's thinking and behavior and is a core construct in research on learning and behavior. SR plays a significant role in mastering and generalizing new skills, including skills such as those taught in voice therapy. The ability to self-regulate thoughts and behaviors varies widely across adults, changes in response to factors such as the cognitive load of the task, and predicts the likelihood of pursuing goals and maintaining behavior change over time. We propose that self-regulatory capacity should be considered both in determining candidacy for voice therapy and also in treatment planning. Thus, the goals of this article are to (1) introduce concepts and models of SR; (2) apply these concepts to voice therapy from a motor learning framework; (3) discuss considerations regarding the effects of SR failure on short- and long-term outcomes; and (4) suggest strategies to improve SR and better facilitate vocal behavior change.
Long-Term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Persists after Major Trauma in Adolescents: New Data on Risk Factors and Functional Outcome

Background: Little is known about long-term psychological outcomes after major trauma in adolescents, a leading cause of death and preventable morbidity in this age group. A prospective epidemiologic study was conducted to examine quality of life (QoL) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes in injured adolescents. The specific objectives of the present report are to describe long-term PTSD and to identify risk factors for long-term PTSD and the impact of PTSD on QoL. Methods: Between April 26, 1999, and November 13, 2002, 401 eligible trauma patients aged 12 to 19 years triaged to five participating trauma center hospitals in a regionalized trauma system were enrolled in the study. The admission criteria for patients were as follows: age 12 to 19 years and injury diagnoses excluding severe traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury. PTSD was diagnosed with the Impact of Events Scale-Revised; scores of 24+ were used to diagnose PTSD. QoL after trauma was measured using the Quality of Well-Being scale, a sensitive and well-validated functional index (range: 0 = death to 1.000 = optimum functioning). Patient outcomes were assessed at discharge and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after discharge. Results: The rate of long-term PTSD was 27%, with high rates over the follow-up period. Risk factors for long-term PTSD were perceived threat to life (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; p < 0.001.); death of a family member at the scene (OR, 4.7; p < 0.001); no control over injury event (OR, 1.7; p < 0.05), and violence-related injury (OR, 2.2; p < 0.05). PTSD in adolescents was significantly and strongly associated with female gender, older age, low socioeconomic status, drug and alcohol abuse, and other adolescent behavioral problems. Long-term PTSD was also associated with marked and significant QoL deficits throughout the 24-month follow-up interval. Conclusion: High rates of long-term PTSD persist after major trauma in adolescents. Injury events such as perceived threat to life and control over the event are strongly associated with PTSD risk. Prolonged PTSD severely impacts QoL outcomes. Early identification and treatment of risk factors for long-term PTSD will be important to improve outcomes in injured adolescents.
Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Injection of Angiocardiographic Contrast Medium in Assessment of Valvular Lesions

Measurements of flow and pressures related to the left heart were made on 21 patients immediately prior to and at intervals of 2 and 4 minutes after angiocardiography. These patients had normal mitral valves (group 1), mitral incompetence (group 2), or mitral stenosis (group 3). There was an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure accompanied by an increase in "pulmonary artery wedge" (PA wedge) pressure in all patients. Patients with mitral valve disease generally develop higher PA wedge pressures; those with mitral stenosis develop, in addition, significantly increased mean diastolic and end-diastolic gradients across the mitral valve. These increased gradients in mitral stenosis are due to increased flow across the mitral valve, which results from a combination of increased cardiac output and decreased diastolic filling time. Diagnostic angiocardiography affords an opportunity of observing the effects of valve lesions at a higher flow rate and is particularly useful in those patients with n...
SEQUENCE DEPENDENCE OF BRANCH MIGRATORY MINIMA

The Holliday junction is a central intermediate in the process of genetic recombination. The position of its branch-point can relocate through an isomerization known as branch migration. This migration occurs because the branch-point is flanked by homologous symmetry. All attempts at modeling the kinetics of branch migration have relied on the assumption that branch migration minima are sequence-independent. We have tested that assumption here, using a competition assay based on symmetric immobile branched junctions; these are junctions that cannot undergo branch migration, despite the fact that they are flanked by homology. The assay used is predicated on the non-association of strands displaced in the assay; we have tested this assumption, and have performed our experiments under conditions where we know that it is true. We have measured the free energy of relocating a branched junction from a fixed non-homologous sequence to all possible dimeric symmetric sequences. We find that the assumption of sequence-independence is often valid, but that it is not universally true. We find that the flanking sequences can have a marked effect on the free energy measured, both for extensions of symmetry and for reversals of flanking nucleotides. We have varied the temperature in our experiments, and have derived both enthalpies and entropies for the different sequences. The entropies are largely unfavorable, whereas the enthalpies are largely favorable; regardless of the signs of these quantities, we see that this is another system where enthalpy-entropy compensation is operative.
Shallow binding in Lisp 1.5

Shallow binding is a scheme which allows the value of a variable to be accessed in a bounded amount of computation. An elegant model for shallow binding in Lisp 1.5 is presented in which context-switching is an environment tree transformation called rerooting. Rerooting is completely general and reversible, and is optional in the sense that a Lisp 1.5 interpreter will operate correctly whether or not rerooting is invoked on every context change. Since rerooting leaves assoc [v, a] invariant, for all variables v and all environments a, the programmer can have access to a rerooting primitive, shallow[], which gives him dynamic control over whether accesses are shallow or deep, and which affects only the speed of execution of a program, not its semantics. In addition, multiple processes can be active in the same environment structure, so long as rerooting is an indivisible operation. Finally, the concept of rerooting is shown to combine the concept of shallow binding in Lisp with Dijkstra's display for Algol and hence is a general model for shallow binding.
Comparing non‐voters in the USA and Norway: permanence versus transience

. Voter turnout for the 1984 presidential election in the USA was 30 percent lower than the last parliamentary election in Norway (1985). Similarities among the factors which explains non-voting in the two nations are apparent, but the factors unique to each country are important for understanding the difference in turnout level as well as patterns of non-participation. While the Norwegian non-voters are in a transient situation where youth and limited life-cycle experience determine non-voting, factors effecting American non-voters are more permanent. In particular, if socio-economic resources are not acquired in youth, the development of political involvement and participation will be obstructed.
Estimation of effective compression ratio for engines utilizing flexible intake valve actuation

Modulation of the effective compression ratio, a measure of the amount of compression of in-cylinder gases above intake manifold conditions, is a key enabler of advanced combustion strategies aimed at reducing emissions while maintaining efficiency, and is directly influenced by modulation of intake valve closing time. To date, the effective compression ratio has most commonly been calculated from in-cylinder pressure data, requiring reliable in-cylinder pressure sensors. These sensors are generally not found on production engines, and thus a method is needed to determine effective compression ratio without in-cylinder pressure data. The work presented here outlines an estimation scheme that combines a high-gain observer with a physically-based volumetric efficiency model to estimate effective compression ratio using only information available from stock engine sensors, including manifold pressures and temperatures and air flows. The estimation scheme is compared to experimental engine data from a unique ...
A note on the relationship between obesity and driving

Vehicle travel and obesity rates in the United States have surged in recent decades. This paper contributes to the mounting evidence of a link between them by drawing attention to a very close relationship between trends in miles driven per licensed driver and adult obesity rates six years later. It also presents evidence on why the effect might be expected to be lagged by six years. A simple model is produced, which predicts reductions in obesity rates over the next few years. If these reductions come about, the model will be seen to offer a powerful insight into the relationship between driving and obesity. If the relationship is more than coincidental, it has implications for transport policy and supports the development of a multi-pronged, interdisciplinary approach to tackle increased driving and obesity.
Cytogenetics and genetics of arachis

(1989). Cytogenetics and genetics of arachis. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 189-220.
Retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors: ligand-regulated transcription factors as proto-oncogenes.

The retroviral v-erb A locus is derived from a cellular gene, c-erb A, encoding a thyroid hormone receptor. The v-erb A and c-erb A proteins are, in turn, members of a larger family of structurally and functionally interrelated polypeptides that includes the steroid, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 receptors. These nuclear hormone receptors act by binding to specific sites on the cell genome and, in response to cognate hormone, modulating the transcription of adjacent ‘target’ genes. The expression, properties, and mechanisms of action of the thyroid hormone receptors (c-erb A proteins) and the closely related retinoic acid receptors are discussed.
Recreation as a reinforcer: increasing membership and decreasing disruptions in an urban recreation centre.

It is presumed that recreation activities have a variety of functions for people, from tension reduction to citizenship development; however, a recreation activity's most empirically obvious function is as a reinforcer. This study demonstrates how two recurrent problems of urban recreation programs—recruitment of members and reduction of disruptive behaviors within the program—can be handled simply by contingently adjusting the amount of time the recreation activities are available. When extra time in the recreation center was provided to those youths who brought new members, dramatic increases in membership were achieved. On the other hand, when the closing time for each evening's recreation program was publicly moved forward by a few minutes for each offense, disruptive behaviors were nearly eliminated. Recreation used as a reinforcer can thus improve the basic operation of a recreation center and might similarly enhance other presumed and desired functions of recreation.
Response to “Capture All the URLs: First Steps in Web Archiving"

“Each of the authors’ respective institutions (Drexel University, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Scranton) has taken action to meet the challenge of capturing and preserving Web content. In this article, we introduce basic concepts and tools related to Web archiving and then describe our first steps: partnering with ArchiveIt’s Web archiving service, obtaining buy-in and funding from our institutions, and selecting content for our collections. We also discuss more advanced steps taken at Drexel University, such as policy development and quality control, as well as future plans, from social media archiving to outreach and assessment” (p. 156).
Behavior of SiO2 Under High Electric Field/Current Stress Conditions

Various results reported to-date by several investigators tend to give conflicting conclusions regarding the mechanism of dielectric degradation due to high electric fields. We have investigated the reasons for these differences and from this work have proposed a more unified model. We have found that as the electric field is increased first positive charges are created causing negative Vt shift. With higher E-fields a reversal in polarity of net charges was observed. Just prior to breakdown, the creation of electron traps was also accompanied by severe degradation in transconductance. This later degradation is due to interface damage giving rise to surface states. This degradation has the most detrimental effect on the dielectric life time. The effect of other levels of E-field/current injection stressing on life time is also investigated.
Modeling of ammonia speciation in anaerobic digesters

Anaerobic digestion of high-nitrogen wastes such as animal manure can be inhibited by high concentrations of un-ionized ammonia, NH(3) (aq). Understanding the toxicity of NH(3) (aq) to anaerobic digestion requires a method for determining its concentration. Previous work on ammonia toxicity in anaerobic digesters has utilized a simple equilibrium calculation for estimating NH(3) (aq) concentration from total ammonia, temperature, and pH. This approach is not appropriate for concentrated solutions. In this work, a speciation model for major solutes in anaerobic digesters, based on Pitzer's ion-interaction approach, is presented. Model simulations show that the simple equilibrium calculation (without corrections for non-ideal behavior) substantially overestimates NH(3) (aq) concentration for all but dilute digesters. This error in concentration determination increases with total solids content and is estimated to be greater than 40% for a digester fed dairy manure with 5% total solids or swine manure with 3% total solids. However, including an estimate of the activity coefficient for NH(4)(+) in the simple equilibrium calculation results in much more accurate estimates of NH(3) (aq) concentration. In this case, the estimated error is less than 10% in the absence of struvite precipitation at the highest total solids contents considered.
Toward Greener Carbon Capture Technologies: A Pharmacophore-Based Approach to Predict CO2 Binding Sites in Proteins

Successful sequestration of emitted carbon dioxide is a crucial ingredient in addressing rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but current CO2 capture technologies are often corrosive and can generate hazardous waste. Inspiration for more environmentally friendly sequestration is sought in Nature by searching for common patterns by which proteins bind CO2. Specifically, three-dimensional functional group patterns responsible for binding CO2 are extracted from the few protein−CO2 complexes that have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. These motifs are used to generate pharmacophore-type queries, which are utilized in database mining efforts to locate similar binding motifs in a test set of enzymes that do not have an experimentally determined CO2 binding site. These predicted carbon dioxide binding sites are often located within the active site cleft. Moreover, some of these identified CO2-binding functional group patterns are found across various species and enzyme classes. Potential application...
Adiabatic geometric phase gate with a quantized control field

We study the performance of an adiabatic geometric phase gate with a quantized driving field numerically and develop an analytical approximation that shows how the qubit becomes entangled with the driving field. This results in a scaling of the gate error probability versus the energy in the control field that has the same form as that found for dynamic, nonadiabatic gates, but with a prefactor that would typically be several orders of magnitude larger, because of the adiabaticity constraint. In the approximation we have used, which should be valid for sufficiently large control fields, the main source of decoherence (and hence error) is the ``which path'' information carried by the photons that would be radiated by the driven qubit.
Lipid peroxidation and cellular damage caused by the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine, the alkenal trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, and related alkenals.

Lipid peroxidation was examined as a possible mechanism for cell injury by trans-4OH-2-hexenal, the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine and related alkenals in isolated rat hepatocytes. Each compound elicited a positive dose response for peroxidation of cellular lipids as measured by the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products. The addition of the anti-oxidant N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine to the hepatocyte suspensions inhibited the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactants. However, the presence of the anti-oxidant had no protective effects on the cell membrane integrity as evidence by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells into the sorrounding media. These results suggest that lipid peroxidationwhich occurs in the presence of senicone, trans-4-OH-2-hexenal or related alkenals is not entirely responsible for the cellular damage is isolated rat hepatocytes.
A connection between the Bloch equations and the Korteweg-de Vries equation

Abstract By formulating the physical problem of NMR radiofrequency excitation as an inverse problem, we are led to a family of rf amplitude modulations that realize a particular response through Bloch temporal evolution. Moreover, an exploration of the variation of one of the parameters in the solution obtained displays remarkable stability.
Effect of adding nitroglycerin to early diuretic therapy on the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease presenting with acute decompensated heart failure.

Background: Loop diuretics are considered first-line therapy for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Adding nitroglycerin (NTG) to diuretic therapy for alleviation of acute shor...
Charitable fundraising for fun and profit: A satire

Want to know how to milk the charitable sector of its lifeblood? Read on! This story tells you all you need to know to divert millions of dollars in contributions from America's charities.