cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a low complexity SMILE array

The Spatial Multiplexing of Local Elements (SMILE) technique utilizes a low complexity switch network to combine multiple data streams from different array elements into one data stream, which requires only one RF receiver. The original SMILE array uses parallel ADCs after de-multiplexing. We explored a novel approach of using a single ADC before de-multiplexing in digital domain. This switching scheme effectively reduces the amount of costly RF hardware by a factor of N for an N — element array without compromising full array functionality. Wireless lab tests were carried out. The recovered data and the spectrum after SMILE array beamforming are presented.
The Legacy of Mary Richmond in Education and Practice

There is ample testimony that the vision and insights of a pioneer theoretician continue to be a rich source of stimulation as others build on her ideas
Mistargeting of a truncated Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in epithelial cells.

We recently reported the case of a young patient with multisystem failure carrying a de novo mutation in SLC12A2, the gene encoding the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter-1 (NKCC1). Heterologous expression stu...
Scalable, hydrophobic and highly-stretchable poly(isocyanurate–urethane) aerogels

Scalable, low-density and flexible aerogels offer a unique combination of excellent mechanical properties and scalable manufacturability. Herein, we report the fabrication of a family of low-density, ambient-dried and hydrophobic poly(isocyanurate–urethane) aerogels derived from a triisocyanate precursor. The bulk densities ranged from 0.28 to 0.37 g cm−3 with porosities above 70% v/v. The aerogels exhibit a highly stretchable behavior with a rapid increase in the Young's modulus with bulk density (slope of log–log plot > 6.0). In addition, the aerogels are very compressible (more than 80% compressive strain) with high shape recovery rate (more than 80% recovery in 30 s). Under tension even at high strains (e.g., more than 100% tensile strain), the aerogels at lower densities do not display a significant lateral contraction and have a Poisson's ratio of only 0.22. Under dynamic conditions, the properties (e.g., complex moduli and dynamic stress–strain curves) are highly frequency- and rate-dependent, particularly in the Hopkinson pressure bar experiment where in comparison with quasi-static compression results, the properties such as mechanical strength were three orders of magnitude stiffer. The attained outcome of this work supports a basis on the understanding of the fundamental mechanical behavior of a scalable organic aerogel with potential in engineering applications including damping, energy absorption, and substrates for flexible devices.
Legal and Quality of Care Issues for Providers in Managed Behavioral Health Care Arrangements

Over the last two decades, Americans have witnessed a dramatic increase in enrollment in privately insured managed care plans. For example, in 1970, there were 33 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) covering 3 million persons, whereas by 1980, there were 236 HMOs serving 9.1 million persons (DeLeon, VandenBos, & Bulatao, 1991). Between 1980 and 1992, the number of privately insured managed care enrollees grew to more than 90 million (Rosenbaum, Serrano, Wehr, & Spernak, 1995). In the mid-to-late 1980s, many HMOs began contracting with specialized companies to provide managed behavioral health care services, and by 1994, 106.6 million were enrolled in over 300 plans that offered some type of program for managed behavioral health care* (Iglehart, 1996). Including Medicare, this 106.6 million represents 48.7% of the insured population (Sipkoff, 1995).
Choosing the Right Bigrams for Information Retrieval

After more than 30 years of research in information retrieval, the dominant paradigm remains the “bag-of-words,” in which query terms are considered independent of their coocurrences with each other. Although there has been some work on incorporating phrases or other syntactic information into IR, such attempts have given modest and inconsistent improvements, at best. This paper is a first step at investigating more deeply the question of using bigrams for information retrieval. Our results indicate that only certain kinds of bigrams are likely to aid retrieval. We used linear regression methods on data from TREC 6, 7, and 8 to identify which bigrams are able to help retrieval at all. Our characterization was then tested through retrieval experiments using our information retrieval engine, AIRE, which implements many standard ranking functions and retrieval utilities.
Introducing EU Competition Law and Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: Requirements in Theory and Problems in Practice

This Article gives an overview of the requirements that must be fulfilled before a Central and Eastern European Country (”CEEC”) can truly claim to be willing and able to apply the acquis communautaire in the field of competition law and policy and thus to be ready for full membership in the European Union (”EU”). INTRODUCING EU COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: REQUIREMENTS IN THEORY AND PROBLEMS IN PRACTICE
Dietary status of elite female high school gymnasts: Inadequacy of vitamin and mineral intake

In general, the diets of these athletes appeared to be nutritionally inadequate. Diets were judged to be inadequate for vitamins B-6, folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium in 30% to 60% of gymnasts studied. Several reasons seem to make this population somewhat more vulnerable: (a) the desire to be light, lean, and aesthetically appealing; (b) the anaerobic nature of their sport, which does not lend itself to excessive levels of energy expenditure; and (c) the fact that these athletes are teenagers, subscribing all too often to typical teenage diets. It seems clear that this is a population which could benefit from nutrition counseling.
African-American culture and AIDS prevention. From barrier to ally.

Abstract African Americans make up an increasing proportion of persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). I identify and describe cultural elements such as oral traditions, multiple naming, a collective identity, extended families, and sexuality influenced by myth and exaggeration that condition African Americans' reactions to AIDS prevention. I also offer suggestions on how these cultural elements can be used for effective AIDS prevention efforts in African-American communities.
Traumatic Unilateral L3-4 Jumped Facet Treated with Open Reduction and Short Segment Fusion.

Background Facet dislocations, or jumped facets, are part of a spectrum of flexion-distraction spine injuries. Bilateral and unilateral facet dislocations are commonly seen in the cervical spine. Traumatic jumped facets in the lumbar spine are rare injuries, and most involve the lumbosacral junction. Lumbar facet subluxations occur commonly in young patients owing to flexion-distraction forces on the lumbar spine at the time of injury combined with ligamentous laxity that exists in young patients. Case Description A 24-year-old man presented with a unilateral right facet dislocation at L3-4 with anterolisthesis and canal stenosis after a motor vehicle accident. Conclusions Following anatomic reduction, unilateral jumped facets can be effectively treated with instrumented stabilization. This report provides evidence for the durability of short segment arthrodesis in select cases of a rare lumbar facet subluxation.
The Conditional Effectiveness of Legislative Threats: How Court Curbing Alters the Behavior of (Some) Supreme Court Justices:

The separation-of-powers literature focuses on how the preferences of one branch constrain the behavior of its counterparts. Yet, in much of this work, scholars do not address how responsive behavi...
Optical Effects in Solids

An overview of the optical effects in solids, addressing the physics of various materials and their response to electromagnetic radiation. The discussion includes metals, semiconductors, superconductors, and insulators. The book begins by introducing the dielectric function into Maxwell's macroscopic equations and finding their plane-wave solution. The physics governing the dielectric function of various materials is then covered, both classically and using basic quantum mechanics. Advanced topics covered include interacting electrons, the anomalous skin effect, anisotropy, magneto-optics, and inhomogeneous materials. Each subject begins with a connection to the basic physics of the particular solid, after which the measurable optical quantities are derived. It allows the reader to connect measurements (reflectance, optical conductivity and dielectric function) with the underlying physics of solids. Methods of analysing experimental data are addressed, making this an ideal resource for students and researchers interested in solid state physics, optics, and materials science.
Computational tools to support analysis and decision making

Disruptive change in the conduct of military operations occur not with the emergence of new technologies, but with the integration of the new technologies into processes of the military organization [1]. The emergence of new computational tools over the past several years represent new technologies which must be integrated into military processes in order to appropriately exploit their capabilities, with the potential for disruptive change in the conduct of military operations. To integrate these tools it is important to first to understand the computational ecosystem and how this ecosystem supports constant development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other computational tools. Understanding this dynamic process and how AI is really a suite of constantly improving tools, each with unique strengths and weaknesses provides the perspective necessary to properly integrate them. Understanding the dynamics and categories of computational tools allows one to overlay each tool on the appropriate places of the Joint Intelligence Process (JIP) and Joint Planning Process (JPP). Critical to this integration is not just the emergence of these new technologies but also ensuring those individuals who are applying them have the capability of basic coding to leverage these tools for the unique situations they are trying to influence. The emergence of new computational tools, as epitomized by AI, represents a new and powerful capability which must be properly integrated into military processes if they are going to be fully exploited to support analysis and decision-making.
Even Faster Door-to-Alteplase Times and Associated Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Abstract Background and Purpose: The timely administration of thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke has been associated with good functional outcomes. Current guidelines recommend alteplase administration within 60 minutes in 75% of eligible patients and within 45 minutes in 50% of patients. There is limited evidence guiding these measures and their effect on outcomes. We report a single-center, retrospective assessment of the safety and efficacy of alteplase treatment within 45 minutes. Methods: Five hundred and eighty-six patients were treated with alteplase in our emergency departments (EDs) between January 2014 and October 2016; 368 patients were included for analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the association between door-to-alteplase (DTA) times and 90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores. Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was also documented. Results: The median DTA time was 29 minutes versus 64 minutes in the DTA less than or equal to 45 minutes arm and more than 45 minutes arm, respectively. The primary outcome of 90-day mRS 0-1 was achieved in 56% of patients in the less than or equal to 45 minutes group versus 58% in more than 45 minutes group (P = .67). Odds of achieving mRS 0-1 were not significantly impacted by DTA times. In the multivariate regression analysis, patient characteristics associated with achieving mRS 0-1 were: younger age, male sex, not requiring intubation in the ED, and without prior history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or stroke. There was no significant difference in rates of ICH for patients less than or equal to 45 minutes versus more than 45 minutes. Conclusions: Rapid administration of alteplase was not associated with significantly better outcomes nor increased risk of ICH. Conclusions about efficacy are limited due to the retrospective nature of the study, small sample size, and incomplete data points.
Positive airway pressure adherence in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic scoping review.

Summary Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is a commonly prescribed treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Negative health consequences associated with untreated OSA make understanding the utilization of PAP therapy imperative. The aim of this review was to describe PAP use in children and adolescents with OSA, explore factors that influence use, and describe published scientific or clinical approaches to improve use. Among 20 studies, average PAP adherence was 56.9% (range, 24–87%). PAP use averaged 4.0 h (SD = 3.1) to 5.2 h (SD = 3.4) per night. Cautious consideration of summary estimates of PAP use is necessary as studies were heterogeneous and adherence definitions widely varied across studies. Age, sex, and developmental delay were the only factors associated with PAP use in more than one study. The majority of approaches to improve use were program evaluations rather than scientifically tested interventions. This review identified critical gaps in the existing literature and sets forth a research agenda for the future.
Early life stress and glutamate neurotransmission in major depressive disorder.

Abstract Early life stress (ELS) and glutamate neurotransmission have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). In non-human primates, ELS was positively correlated with cortical Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine). However, the relationship between ELS and cortical glutamate in adult patients with MDD is not fully known. Using 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), we conducted exploratory analyses measuring occipital cortical glutamate and glutamine levels in 36 medication-free patients with MDD. In a subsample (n=11), we measured dynamic glutamate/glutamine cycling (Vcycle) using advanced 13C MRS methods. ELS history was assessed using Early-life Trauma Inventory (ETI). Exploratory analyses suggest a relationship between ETI and glutamine as reflected by a significant positive correlation between ETI scores and occipital glutamine (rs=0.39, p=0.017) but not glutamate. Post-hoc analyses showed that the association with glutamine was driven by the ETI emotional abuse (ETI-EA) subscale (rs=0.39, p=0.02). Vcycle correlation with ETI was at trend level (rs=0.55, p=0.087) and significantly correlated with ETI-EA (rs=0.67, p=0.03). In this small sample of patients with MDD, those with childhood emotional abuse appear to have increased occipital glutamate neurotransmission as reflected by increased glutamate/glutamine cycling and glutamine level. Future studies would be needed to confirm this pilot evidence and to examine whether ELS effects on glutamate neurotransmission underlie the relationship between ELS and psychopathology.
Comparative study of right ventricular myocardial performance index in patients with severe preeclampsia by pulse doppler and tissue doppler

Objective To investigate the right ventricular myocardial performance index (Tei index) in patients with severe preeclampsia by applying pulse Doppler and tissue Doppler, and to explore the feasibility of Tei index in the evaluation of right ventricular function. Methods One hundred and thirty-five parturients admitted to Shaoxing Women & Children's Hospital from October 2013 to September 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were divided into the observation group (55 cases with severe preeclampsia) and control group (80 cases with normotension). These two groups were analyzed with the general clinical data, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), the ratio of tricuspid valve diastolic early E wave peak velocity and diastolic late A wave peak velocity (E/A), etc. In addition, the pulse Doppler (Tei1) and tissue Doppler methods (Tei2) measured the right ventricular Tei index for all parturients. The method of Pearson correlation analysis investigated the correlation between two Tei index measurements, after the combination of Tei indexes in two group parturients. Results The systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(170 ± 7) mmHg vs. (108 ± 12) mmHg, (117 ± 6) mmHg vs. (72 ± 8) mmHg; t = 37.390, 36.803; all P 0.05). The right ventricular Tei1 index and Tei2 index in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(0.58 ± 0.11) vs. (0.35 ± 0.12), (0.60 ± 0.12) vs. (0.38 ± 0.11); t = 11.809, 11.256; all P< 0.05]. After the combination of control and observation groups, there was no statistically significant difference between Tei1 index and Tei2 index [(0.45 ± 0.16) vs. (0.47 ± 0.16), t = 1.212, P = 0.227], and these two indices were positively correlated (r = 0.908, P< 0.001). Conclusions Tei index can accurately reflect the right ventricular function in patients with severe preeclampsia. The measurements of the right ventricular Tei index by using tissue Doppler and pulse Doppler had no significant difference, but a high degree of correlation. Key words: Ultrasonography, Doppler, pulsed; Ventricular function, right; Eclampsia; Tissue Doppler; Tei index
So sucht man heute nach der Blutungsquelle

Man spricht von einer „obskuren“ Darmblutung, wenn zuvor mittels Osophago-Gastro-Duodenoskopie und Koloskopie keine Blutungsquelle nachweisbar war. Als drittes Untersuchungsverfahren hat sich heute die Kapselendoskopie etabliert, die auf wenig invasive Weise der weiterfuhrenden Diagnostik den Weg weist (Push&Pull-Enteroskopie bzw. Intraoperative Endoskopie). Bei massiver Dunndarmblutung ist die Angiografie weiterhin ein wertvolles Diagnostikum. Angesichts der neuen endoskopischen Optionen sind andere Verfahren (Magen-Darm-Passage, Enteroklyse nach Sellink, Erythrozytenszintigrafie) weitgehend verlassen worden.
Acting and Speaking with Power: Oliver North and the Iran–Contra Deal—The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

How leaders behave in difficult situations are an important part of controlling their narrative. This public-sourced case provides students an opportunity to examine how one leader behaves while under scrutiny. The material presents a short history of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver "Ollie" North, a US national security adviser under US President Ronald Reagan. North testified before Congress, and an analysis of his testimonies provides an opportunity to view how he conducted himself under pressure. This case is meant to be paired with another case presenting the story of the former president of Stanford University, Donald Kennedy, who was accused of overbilling the government for indirect costs on research contracts: "Acting and Speaking with Power: Donald Kennedy and Stanford Accounting—Indirectly Accused?" (UVA-OB-1338). Used together, the cases present an opportunity to compare two very different approaches to speaking and acting with power. Excerpt UVA-OB-1337 Sept. 23, 2020 Acting and Speaking with Power: Oliver North and the Iran–Contra Deal—the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly From the command-and-control environment that Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North had worked within the United States Marine Corps to the covert operations he ran through the National Security Council in the mid-1980s, North would withhold information, create his own airline delivery service, set up operations with a shell company to exchange money, arrange for missiles to be delivered to Iran, and provide money to rebels known as Contras fighting their government in Nicaragua—all against the explicit laws of Congress, but with his boss's knowledge. When the whole affair unraveled, North was to appear in front of a joint congressional hearing in July 1987 to answer questions and reveal details about his role in what had become a public and international affair. While preparing for the hearing, North had several decisions to make about how he would present himself during the hearing. One thing was a certainty: he would be sure to show up looking sharp in his Marine Corps uniform. The Contras . . .
Cost of inpatient rehabilitation for children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.

Aim To evaluate the cost of inpatient rehabilitation for children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary aim was to identify factors associated with high inpatient rehabilitation cost. Method Retrospective review of a tertiary hospital's trauma registry was performed from 2011-2017. All patients aged 16 years or younger who sustained TBI with Glasgow Coma Scale ≤13 were included. Data on patient demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, hospital duration and inpatient rehabilitation cost were collected. We performed a regression analysis to identify factors associated with high rehabilitation cost. Results There were a total of 51 patients. The median duration of inpatient rehabilitation was 13.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4-35), amounting to a median cost of SGD8,361 (IQR 3,543-25,232). Daily ward costs contributed the most to total inpatient rehabilitation cost. Those with severe TBI had longer duration of inpatient rehabilitation that resulted in higher cost of inpatient rehabilitation. Presence of polytrauma, medical complications, post-traumatic amnesia and TBI post-non-accidental injury (NAI) were associated with higher cost of inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion The cost of inpatient rehabilitation for paediatric patients post-TBI is significant in Singapore. Patients with TBI secondary to NAI had significantly higher cost of inpatient rehabilitation. Ways to reduce duration of hospitalisation post-TBI and early step-down care or outpatient rehabilitation should be explored to reduce cost.
Iridium Communications Satellite Constellation Data for Study of Earth's Magnetic Field

Characterization of Earth’s magnetic field is key to understanding the dynamics of core flows and the dynamo. Satellite measurements of the magnetic field normally use precise magnetometers on a fe...
Barriers to completion of a novel pediatric cardiac rehabilitation program

Abstract Introduction Pediatric cardiac rehabilitation addresses physical and emotional challenges related to underlying heart disease. While the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation have largely been established, the challenges that patients and their families experience when participating in these programs have yet to be examined in detail. In this study, we evaluated the barriers that families face when asked to complete a structured cardiac rehabilitation program. Objectives The objectives of this study were to measure the success of a novel pediatric cardiac rehabilitation program and to evaluate the barriers that families face when asked to complete a structured cardiac rehabilitation program. Methods Parents of patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation and who attended at least one session were recruited to participate in a phone survey regarding their experience using a published psychometric validation of the cardiac rehabilitation barriers scale. Results 9 families participated in the study. 67% of patients were male and 3 patients completed the program in its entirety. Challenges associated with time, travel, and insufficient insurance coverage, were the highest rated barriers to completion of the rehabilitation program. Families universally enjoyed the program. 5 of 9 felt that the biggest positive of the experience was gaining an understanding of what exercise is safe. 3 of 9 stated that cardiac rehabilitation should be a standard component of therapy for all pediatric cardiology patients. Conclusions Pediatric cardiac rehabilitation is effective and liked by families. The barriers to completing a structured in-person program are difficulty getting to appointments due to time and travel and level of insurance coverage for the program. As such, ensuring insurance coverage and perhaps virtual rehab programs would be beneficial.
Enhancing Citator Reports with User Generated Content

This poster was presented at the American Association of Law Libraries conference in July, 2013. It proposes adding user-generated explanations to legal citator reports to facilitate use for attorneys and reduce duplication of effort in interpreting reports.
Integrating query processing with parallel languages

In this thesis we propose new techniques for using parallel languages to improve query processing. Optimizing a query plan and its particular implementation is important for efficient processing on modern systems. First, we present our work on a parallel representation of queries using partitioned global address space languages that enables new optimizations. Next, we propose future work on cooperative optimization of query plans and imperative programs in the context of parallel applications that include queries.
Value-added Mediation in Large-Scale Information Systems

Many information-processing tasks can be part of multiple customer applications, as summarizing stock prices, integrating catolog information from several companies in the same line of business, predicting the weather, and checking on transportation resources. We assign such sharable services to an active middleware layer, interposed between clients and servers. We define domain-specific mediator modules to populate this layer.
Engagement agents in the making: on the front lines of socio-technical integration : commentary on: "Constructing productive engagement: pre-engagement tools for emerging technologies".

This commentary builds on Haico te Kulve and Arie Rip’s (2011) notion of “engagement agents,” individuals that must be able to move between multiple dimensions, or “levels” of research, innovation, and policy processes. The commentary compares and contrasts the role of the engagement agent within the Constructive Technology Assessment and integration approaches, and suggests that on-site integration research represents one way to transform both social and natural scientists into competent and informed “engagement agents,” a new generation of researchers that possess the knowledge and capacities to forge “novel linkages” between the oftentimes disparate terrains of science, politics, and policy.
Inflammation promotes prostate differentiation

Inflammation has been linked to a number of diseases including prostate cancer, but the mechanisms by which inflammatory signaling promotes tumorigenesis remain largely unknown (1). In PNAS, Kwon et al. (2) demonstrate that bacterial-induced inflammation in the mouse prostate is associated with both proliferation and basal-to-luminal differentiation, the limiting step in the transformation of basal cells. This differentiation process accelerates tumorigenesis starting in basal cells, supporting a unique role for inflammation in cancer initiation.
Mechanized Formal Methods: Progress and Prospects

In the decade of the 1990s, formal methods have progressed from an academic curiosity at best, and a target of ridicule at worst, to a point where the leading manufacturer of microprocessors has indicated that its next design will be formally verified. In this short paper, I sketch a plausible history of the developments that led to this transformation, present a snapshot of the current state of the practice, and indicate some promising directions for the future. Mindful of the title of this conference, I suggest how formal methods might have an impact on software similar to that which they have had on hardware.
Ontology development as undergraduate research

Ontology development is a rich area of endeavor for undergraduate research. This paper briefly traces the evolution of ontology development in artificial intelligence (AI), gives some examples of successful applications by AI researchers, and presents arguments as to why ontology development is well suited for undergraduate research.
The link between dental microwear and feeding ecology in tree sloths and armadillos (mammalia: xenarthra)

The Xenarthra represents an enigmatic clade of placental mammals that includes living tree sloths, armadillos, and their extinct relatives, yet certain aspects of the biology of this group remains poorly understood. Here, we use scanning electron microscopy to test the hypothesis that orthodentine microwear patterns in extant xenarthrans are significantly different among different dietary groups. In a blind analysis, microwear patterns were quantified at a magnification of 500× by two independent observers for extant species from four dietary groups (carnivore–omnivores, folivores, frugivore–folivores, and insectivores). Independent observers recovered the same relative between-group differences in microwear patterns. Insectivores and folivores have a significantly lower numbers of scratches and greater scar widths than frugivore–folivores and carnivore–omnivores, yet we were neither able to statistically distinguish insectivores from folivores, nor differentiate frugivore–folivores from carnivore–omnivores. Nevertheless, a clear distinction exists between taxa from the same trophic level and habitat, which suggests that orthodentine microwear reflects niche partitioning and habitat more than diet among related forms. We suggest that bite force and chewing mechanics have a strong influence on the formation of orthodentine microwear, which may explain some of the observed overlap between distinct groups (e.g. frugivore–folivores versus carnivore–omnivores). This study serves as a positive step forwards in our understanding of the ecological role of living xenarthrans, and serves as a foundation for using orthodentine microwear to reconstruct palaeoecology in extinct ground sloths, glyptodonts, and pampatheres. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ••, ••–••.
Groundwater availability as constrained by hydrogeology and environmental flows.

Groundwater pumping from aquifers in hydraulic connection with nearby streams has the potential to cause adverse impacts by decreasing flows to levels below those necessary to maintain aquatic ecosystems. The recent passage of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact has brought attention to this issue in the Great Lakes region. In particular, the legislation requires the Great Lakes states to enact measures for limiting water withdrawals that can cause adverse ecosystem impacts. This study explores how both hydrogeologic and environmental flow limitations may constrain groundwater availability in the Great Lakes Basin. A methodology for calculating maximum allowable pumping rates is presented. Groundwater availability across the basin may be constrained by a combination of hydrogeologic yield and environmental flow limitations varying over both local and regional scales. The results are sensitive to factors such as pumping time, regional and local hydrogeology, streambed conductance, and streamflow depletion limits. Understanding how these restrictions constrain groundwater usage and which hydrogeologic characteristics and spatial variables have the most influence on potential streamflow depletions has important water resources policy and management implications.
The effect of antibiotics on the destruction of cartilage in experimental infectious arthritis.

In joints with bacterial arthritis, continuing prolonged destruction of cartilage may occur in spite of prompt, effective antibiotic therapy. We measured the extent to which early antibiotic therapy with ceforanide altered the degradation of the cartilage after arthritis due to Staphylococcus aureus had been produced in the knee joint in rabbits. Degradation of the cartilage was quantified by analyses for glycosaminoglycan and collagen. Three weeks after the infection was produced, the cartilage had lost more than half of its glycosaminoglycan whether the antibiotic therapy had been started at one, two, or seven days after infection. Beginning the antibiotic treatment one day after infection reduced over-all loss of collagen by 37 per cent and decreased the area of erosion of the infected articular surfaces. When antibiotic treatment was begun at four, eight, or twelve hours after infection, the loss of glycosaminoglycan averaged 18 per cent. Prophylaxis with antibiotics completely prevented any degradation of the cartilage. Clinical relevance: The findings reported here show how rapidly cartilage loses glycosaminoglycan when it is involved by arthritis caused by staphylococci and how early treatment of the infection reduces the loss of collagen. There is less protection against loss of glycosaminoglycan. The results emphasize the need for early diagnosis and treatment of infectious synovitis and support the rationale for early administration of antibiotics without waiting for identification of the responsible bacteria.
2,2′‐Dinitrobenzhydrol

[36661-36-6]C13H10N2O5 (MW 274.22) InChI = 1S/C13H10N2O5/c16-13(9-5-1-3-7-11(9)14(17)18)10-6-2-4-8-12(10)15(19)20/h1-8,13,16H/q-2 InChIKey = UEGQTPQZDBWRPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used as a photolabile protecting group in organic synthesis and for the generation of photolabile ‘caged’ precursors of biologically active substances) Alternate Names: 2,2′-dinitrodiphenylmethanol; o,o′-dinitrodiphenylmethanol; DNB. Physical Data: pale yellow needles;1 mp 120–122.5 °C;1 mp 122–123 °C;2 mp 127–129 °C;3 mp 126 °C;4 λmax 258 nm (CH3CN);2 ɛ254 10,384.3 Solubility: chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether.3 Form Supplied in: not commercially available. Preparative Methods: 1-lithio-2-nitrobenzene is condensed with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde to give 2,2′-dinitrobenzhydrol (DNB) in 64% yield over two steps (eq 1).3 (1) Alternatively, 2,2′-dinitrobenzophenone can be efficiently reduced to 2,2′-dinitrobenzhydrol (eq 2).4 However, 2,2′-dinitrobenzophenone is not commercially available, and its synthesis by direct nitration of benzophenone with fuming nitric acid yields only 8% of the o,o′-dinitro product, which needs to be separated from isomeric, mostly m,m′-substituted dinitrobenzophenones.5 2,2-Dinitrobenzophenone can also be synthesized from commercially available p,p′-diaminodiphenylmethane by nitration, deamination via its diazonium salt, and chromic anhydride oxidation of the so-obtained di-(o-nitrophenyl)methane (eq 2).6 (2) Purification: recrystallization from diethyl ether/hexane3 or from ethanol.4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: light-sensitive material, store in the dark.
Risk assessment for adult butterflies exposed to the mosquito control pesticide naled.

A prospective risk assessment was conducted for adult butterflies potentially exposed to the mosquito control insecticide naled. Published acute mortality data, exposure data collected during field studies, and morphometric data (total surface area and fresh body weight) for adult butterflies were combined in a probabilistic estimate of the likelihood that adult butterfly exposure to naled following aerial applications would exceed levels associated with acute mortality. Adult butterfly exposure was estimated based on the product of (1) naled residues on samplers and (2) an exposure metric that normalized total surface area for adult butterflies to their fresh weight. The likelihood that the 10th percentile refined effect estimate for adult butterflies exposed to naled would be exceeded following aerial naled applications was 67 to 80%. The greatest risk would be for butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, and the lowest risk would be for those in the family Hesperidae, assuming equivalent sensitivity to naled. A range of potential guideline naled deposition levels is presented that, if not exceeded, would reduce the risk of adult butterfly mortality. The results for this risk assessment were compared with other risk estimates for butterflies, and the implications for adult butterflies in areas targeted by aerial naled applications are discussed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:885–891. © 2012 SETAC
SYNAPTOPHYSIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE RAT OLFACTORY BULB DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT AND AFTER RESTRICTED EARLY OLFACTORY EXPERIENCE

Synaptophysin is a synaptic vesicle protein that provides a marker of synaptic distribution in the brain. We used synaptophysin immunohistochemistry to detect changes in synaptic distribution in the main olfactory bulb during normal early postnatal development and following early olfactory restriction. Synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity appears early in the postnatal development of most bulbar laminae. In the first postnatal week, the entire glomerular neuropil is stained intensely, but by PND 19, the glomerular perimeter becomes more intensely stained than its core. This immunoreactivity is especially dense along that aspect of the perimeter facing the olfactory nerve layer. To determine if this developmental pattern could be affected by early olfactory experience, unilateral naris closure was performed on PND 1. In deprived bulbs at PND 19, the difference in staining between the glomerular border and the glomerular core is significantly less than in either contralateral glomeruli or glomeruli from unoperated animals. The difference between the glomerular border and the glomerular core is greater in bulbs contralateral to a closed naris than in bulbs from unoperated animals. Staining intensity measured over entire glomeruli is not altered by naris closure, nor is staining of other laminae. The changes detected after naris closure indicate that the glomerular distribution of synaptophysin may be particularly sensitive to early olfactory experience.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding a helix-loop-helix protein, mouse ID1B: tissue-specific expression of ID1A and ID1B genes

Abstract A cDNA encoding a 168 amino acid mouse ID1B helix-loop-helix protein, the longest among the ID family of proteins so far identified, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. Mouse ID1B mRNA is distinguishable from the mRNA encoding ID1A at its 3′ end, and the relative level of expression of these two different mRNAs is similar in most tissues, with exception of skeletal muscle and kidney. Comparison of the most carboxyl terminal predicted amino acid sequences of ID1 proteins reveals 100% identity for ID1A, but the predicted Id1B proteins of several species are different.
PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LEVELS IN Tm-169

Abstract The gamma-rays of Tm-169 excited through electron capture in Yb-169 have been studied by use of a bent-crystal gamma-ray spectrometer. A source of high specific activity was produced from highly enriched Yb-168 by neutron capture. In addition to gamma rays previously reported we observe gamma rays with energies of 117.25 keV, 156.66 keV and 336.5 keV. The 117.25 keV gamma ray probably is due to the depopulation of a 9 2 + (K = 7 2 ) state at 433.44 keV. The relative intensities of most of the gamma rays were measured to ±5%. Electron capture branching ratios to the various levels were derived. Branching ratios for transitions between different rotational bands were studied in detail. Most M1 and E2 interband branching ratios are in agreement with predictions based on recent formulas by Bohr and Mottelson while all E1 branching ratios differ from these predictions by an order of magnitude.
Economic demand dispatch of controllable building electrical loads incorporating delayed response times

This paper presents a method for determining the economic dispatch of controllable electric loads taking into account delayed response times of the building loads. The inherent coupling between thermal and electrical behavior of building loads gives rise to extended time dynamics that need to be considered when dispatching loads as part of demand response program. A previously developed generic problem formulation to minimize a facility's overall electricity cost is discussed, with particular focus placed on the addition of constraints to the load recovery times as well as utilizing a nonlinear load model to represent the HVAC system load. The importance of incorporating these ideas when dispatching loads for demand response is highlighted via simulation of a 3 building example for both the case with ramp rate limits as well as without. These results are also compared to a case where a linearized load model is used.
The employee value proposition redefined

Andrew N. Bell considers the role of company reputation in creating a convincing, credible and competitive employee value proposition.
Effects of frontal eye field and superior colliculus ablations on eye movements

Two parallel neural pathways are primarily responsible for the control of saccadic eye movements--one mediated through the frontal eye fields and the other through the superior colliculus. When both pathways are disrupted, control of saccadic eye movements is lost. Disruption of either pathway alone produces only subtle deficits.
Balancing Identity and Reality

As Kang’s thinking evolves, I hope that he will devote more attention to the political consequences of deeper and closer economic relations with China (pp. 66–67). China has emerged as the number one or number two trading partner of virtually every country in East Asia. From the perspective of any one of those countries, this trade dependence with China is asymmetrical because China possesses all the leverage. 3is worries some experts in the U.S. military community. I argue elsewhere, however, that despite this asymmetry economic dependence is in fact mutual. 3ough any trade partner may be expendable, China is dependent on other Asian countries as a group to supply materials and parts, facilitate technology transfer, and create wealth and in4uence, thereby bolstering the government’s legitimacy.7 3is mutuality is quite consistent with Kang’s views. Adding to a growing scholarly interest in regions as pillars of global order, Kang’s thesis should stimulate fundamental questions regarding the complex interaction between the global system, the behavior of regional powers, and local responses. 3is reviewer came away from the book persuaded more 5rmly than ever that East Asian countries have developed a regional order that is both stable and su6ciently 4exible to adapt to—and in4uence—a rising China. 3e burden of proof has now shi7ed to those who argue that Asia’s stability is 4eeting.
Error analysis of algorithms for matrix multiplication and triangular decomposition using Winograd's identity

The number of multiplications required for matrix multiplication, for the triangular decomposition of a matrix with partial pivoting, and for the Cholesky decomposition of a positive definite symmetric matrix, can be roughly halved if Winograd's identity is used to compute the inner products involved. Floating-point error bounds for these algorithms are shown to be comparable to those for the normal methods provided that care is taken with scaling.
The Micropolitical Orientation of Teachers toward Closed School Principals

Basically my principal is a fascist. He is impersonal and distant. His attitude is that teachers exist to serve the PR needs of the administration, not necessarily the needs of the students. His goals: grease the squeaky wheels, keep the community off his back. He is receptive to ideas only if they fit into the framework.... Minimize his problems and you will be left alone.... I try to keep him in check.... I do not visit with him. I do not socialize with him. I do not tell him of any school or personal problems.
The electrophysiologic basis and management of symptomatic recurrent tachycardia in patients with ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve

Twenty-two patients with Ebstein's anomaly were evaluated because of recurrent tachycardia. A total of 30 accessory pathways were present in 21 of the 22 patients. Twenty-six accessory pathways were of the atrioventricular (A-V) type while four were Mahaim fibers. Multiple accessory pathways were present in eight patients. Twenty-five of the 26 accessory A-V pathways were right-sided, either in the posterior septum (12 pathways) or the posterolateral free wall (13 pathways); one patient with corrected transposition of the great arteries had a left-sided accessory A-V pathway in a lateral free wall location. Patients with accessory A-V pathways had a long minimal ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction time during reciprocating tachycardia (192 +/- 47 ms) and usually showed a persistent complete or incomplete right bundle branch block morphology. At surgery, preexcitation was invariably localized to the atrialized ventricle. The long V-A conduction time during reciprocating tachycardia appeared to consist of late activation of the local ventricle in the region of the accessory pathway with a further delay occurring before excitation of adjacent atrium presumably due to conduction over the accessory pathway. Accessory A-V pathways were successfully sectioned with no deaths in 13 of 15 patients. On the basis of these data, certain electrocardiographic findings encountered in the study of patients with recurrent tachycardia should point to the possibility of associated Ebstein's anomaly: morphology of the surface electrocardiogram suggesting preexcitation of the right posterior septum or right posterolateral free wall as well as the combination during reciprocating tachycardia of a long V-A interval and right bundle branch block.
Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B during normal and leukemic myeloid differentiation

Abstract Objective Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15 INK4B frequently is altered in myeloid malignancies. We previously demonstrated that p15 INK4B is expressed in normal myeloid cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether p15 INK4B expression is restricted to the granulomonocytic lineage and to evaluate its modulation during normal and leukemic myeloid differentiation. Materials and Methods Normal CD34 + cells were cultured in serum-free media to obtain granulomonocytic, erythroid, or megakaryocytic unilineage differentiation. NB4 promyelocytic cell line and fresh leukemic blasts from seven patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were cultured with all-trans retinoic acid. At different times of culture, cell samples were collected to evaluate p15 INK4B by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results p15 INK4B mRNA was found during granulomonocytic and megakaryocytic, but not erythroid, differentiation. In the granulomonocytic lineage, p15 INK4B was detectable when the majority of cells were at the promyelocytic stage and increased progressively in more mature elements. In the megakaryocytic lineage, p15 INK4B was expressed in the early phase of differentiation, before megakaryoblasts had appeared, and was mantained throughout the time of culture. NB4 cell line and five of seven leukemic samples displayed undetectable or very low level of p15 INK4B that rapidly increased during retinoic acid-induced differentiation. Two leukemic samples (both collected from two patients developing all-trans retinoic acid syndrome) showed high basal levels of p15 INK4B , which was not modified by retinoic acid treatment. Conclusions p15 INK4B upregulation occurs specifically during normal granulomonocytic and megakaryocytic commitment. In acute promyelocytic leukemic blasts, p15 INK4B , which is detectable at a very low level, is promptly increased by retinoic acid. In contrast, two acute promyelocytic leukemia samples obtained from patients who developed all-trans retinoic acid syndrome showed high basal levels of p15 INK4B that did not increase further during all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation.