cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can visual basic replace COBOL? ...and should it?

Computer science educators are in a rather unusual position of being constantly forced to examine and update their curriculum to accommodate the perpetual changes in technology. This trend is especially apparent in the field of programming languages. We are regularly (almost too often it sometimes seems) asking ourselves "What language is the best for applications?" As educators, we are often hesitant to "jump on the bandwagon" quite frankly because often the bandwagon doesn't travel very far. One of the languages that seem to be constantly brought into question is COBOL. Supporters tout its effectiveness for large businesses, especially those requiring extensive file processing and report generation. Detractors say it is too wordy and out-of-date. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the curriculum changes our department has recently made in order to address both sides of the fence.
Enhancement of the Tomo-SAR Images Based on Compressive Sensing Method

Synthetic Aperture Radar or in short SAR is a type of airborne radar which increases the diameter of the radar aperture by traveling over the target area which consequently will create images with more resolution. Tomo-SAR is the process of creating three-dimensional SAR models of the landscape using multi-pass two-dimensional SAR images. The outputs of this process are the Elevation (which is the third dimension) and reflectivity of the surface. The problem with Elevation is that since it is calculated and not directly measured, it has a lower resolution compared to the other two dimensions, Azimuth and Range. The goal of this project is to increase the resolution of the outputs of Tomo-SAR with Compressive Sensing method using the fact that each level of reflectivity profile is a two-dimensional sparse signal. The sparsity of the reflectivity means it is possible to use Compressive Sensing methods to enhance the results of estimation. We used Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP) method to enhance the reflectivity profile levels resulted from In-SAR method and recalculated the elevation using the reconstructed reflectivity profile. Finally, we compared the resulted elevation with elevations achieved from SVD and In-SAR methods.
Modeling of Enzymatic Micro Biofuel Cells in Transient State

An enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC) chip with three dimensional, highly dense cylindrical microelectrode arrays in transient state has been studied by finite element analysis. The performance for two different designs in both horizontal and vertical positions was compared in terms of diffusion phenomenon, output potential, current density and power density of the EBFC chip in the blood artery. To improve the performance of the EBFCs in the horizontal position, the EBFC chip with holes is preferred. In the case of vertical position, optimized cell performance was obtained when each anode is surrounded by multiple cathodes.
El Museo Social Argentino (1911-1925). Los vínculos de los reformadores sociales en el Cono Sur de América

Las instituciones con vocacion internacional son una excelente entrada para estudiar la conformacion de la realidad social sudamericana, en un contexto de desarrollo del panamericanismo y de las agencias pertenecientes a la Sociedad de las Naciones. El Museo Social Argentino (MSA), inaugurado en 1911, nace como una respuesta para pensar la cuestion social desde un prisma nacional, pero sin perder de vista su dimension internacional. El presente articulo analiza los vinculos que el MSA establecio con el Museo Social de Paris, la Dotacion Carnegie, la Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo y los reformadores sociales en el Cono Sur de America. Especial mencion merecen el marco ideologico de su fundacion y los valores que promovio, asi como las conexiones con intelectuales europeos y del continente americano.
VENDOR INDEPENDENT REFERENCE VALUES FOR MYOCARDIAL STRAIN IN CHILDREN

Two-dimensional (2D) strain imaging has become an important tool in assessing subclinical myocardial dysfunction in children. However, there are no reference values for vendor independent strain software in this population. The aim of this study was to estimate 2D strain values in a cohort of
Low-frequency fiscal uncertainty

Abstract Long-run fiscal levels, or synonymously, fiscal targets, are usually assumed to be known to households inside the economy. This paper investigates the effects of unknown fiscal targets in an incomplete information, anticipated utility (IIAU) environment. Slowly increasing transfer payments cause households to suspect time-varying targets, and misperceptions impact both their expectation formation and decision making. Perceived targets enter the IIAU model as nonlinear state variables, introducing state-dependent fiscal multipliers. The short-run stimulus effects of Trump’s 2017 and Reagan’s 1981 Tax Cuts are comparable and modest. The long-run effects of Trump’s Tax Cuts worse off if transfers continue to increase.
Measured CPAP in a Noninvasive Pediatric Airway and Lung Model.

Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of admission in children under 2 years of age in the United States. The standard of care involves supportive measures, including non-invasive interventions such as CPAP. CPAP is traditionally delivered through a full facemask; however, pediatric intensive care units have been exploring the use of the RAM cannula by Neotech as a mode of CPAP delivery, but the level of CPAP delivered is uncertain. We, therefore, completed an in vitro study to determine the level of CPAP delivered via the RAM cannula utilizing a pediatric lung model. Methods: 3D-printed models of seven sizes of pediatric upper airways were connected to an ASL 5000 Breathing Simulator. We applied each size of RAM cannula to weight-appropriate airway and lung compliance parameters, delivering pressures of 5, 7 and 10 cmH2O using a ventilator in the CPAP mode. Leaks of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% were generated to emulate a complete seal or poor fit and/or open-mouth breathing. The outcome measure was the difference in CPAP, referred to as ‘%leak effect’, measured by the lung simulator relative to the CPAP set on the ventilator. Results: We found that set CPAP of 5 through 10 cmH2O generated measured CPAP ranging from 2.6 to 9.7 cmH2O. For set CPAP of 5, 7 and 10 cmH2O the mean ‘%leak effect’ of measured CPAP from the set CPAP was: -25%, -26% and -25.7%, respectively. For each specific cannula-airway combination, increasing the set pressure and decreasing the air leak resulted in higher levels of CPAP delivered. Conclusion: RAM cannula delivers varying amounts of CPAP, with a percent loss of approximately -25% depending on the level of leak in the system. With minimal leak, it is conceivable that the RAM cannula can be used to deliver clinically meaningful CPAP.
Submucous Cleft Palate: Evaluation and Treatment Principles for Speech-Language Pathologists

Purpose This clinical focus article intends to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with a review of the literature and practical recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of individu...
Hyperbolic Metamaterial Photonic Funnels

We numerically model and experimentally demonstrate sub-diffraction limited focusing of mid-infrared light using all-semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterial photonic funnels. Enhanced transmission through single funnels with aperture diameter λ o /20 is demonstrated, in excellent agreement with our simulations.
Severe necrotizing pneumonia complicated by empyema in a neonate.

Abstract Necrotizing pneumonia is a severe complication of pneumonia, characterized by local destruction of lung tissue with development of multiple small cavities (abscesses) and may be associated with empyema. Empyema is an unusual complication in neonates with limited data reported. We present a healthy term neonate with late-onset sepsis caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia due to severe necrotizing pneumonia associated with advanced stage empyema. To the best of our knowledge this is the youngest reported patient with multifocal lung abscesses associated with stage 2 empyema treated successfully without surgical intervention.
Combined use of carboxyl-directed protein pegylation and vector-mediated blood-brain barrier drug delivery system optimizes brain uptake of brain-derived neurotrophic factor following intravenous administration.

Purpose. Peptide drug delivery to the brain requires optimization of (a) plasma pharmacokinetics and (b) blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In the present studies, plasma pharmacokinetics are improved with protein pegylation and BBB transport is facilitated with the use of vector-mediated drug delivery using the OX26 monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the rat transferrin receptor, which undergoes receptor-mediated transcytosis through the BBB in vivo.
Association of Medicaid Expansion With Rates of Utilization of Cardiovascular Therapies Among Medicaid Beneficiaries Between 2011 and 2018

Background: The Affordable Care Act expanded Medicaid eligibility allowing low-income individuals greater access to health care. However, the uptake of state Medicaid expansion has been variable. I...
Does a Standardized Discharge Communication Tool Improve Resident Performance and Overall Patient Satisfaction

Introduction: The discharge conversation is a critical component of the emergency department encounter. Studies suggest that emergency medicine (EM) residency education is deficient in formally training residents on the patient discharge conversation. Our goal was to assess the proficiency of EM residents in addressing essential elements of a comprehensive discharge conversation; identify which components of the discharge conversation are omitted; introduce “DC HOME,” a standardized discharge mnemonic; and determine whether its implementation improved resident performance and patient satisfaction.Methods: This was a prospective observational pre- and post-intervention study done by convenience sampling of 400 resident discharge encounters. Resident physicians were observed by attending physicians who completed an evaluation, answering “yes” or “no” as to whether residents addressed six components of a comprehensive discharge. The six components include the following: diagnosis; care rendered; health and lifestyle modifications; obstacles after discharge; medications; and expectations – or “DC HOME.” Didactics introducing the mnemonic “DC HOME” was provided to resident physicians. Patient feedback and satisfaction were collected after each encounter, and we recorded differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention encounters.Results: Resident physicians improved significantly in all six components of “DC HOME” from pre-and-post intervention: discharge diagnosis (P = 0.0036) and the remaining five components (P<0.0001). There was a statistically significant improvement in patients’ perception for health and lifestyle modifications, obstacles after discharge, medications, expectations after discharge (P<0.0001), and discharge diagnosis (P = 0.0029). Patient satisfaction scores improved significantly (P = 0.005). Time spent with patients during discharge increased from 2 minutes and 42 seconds to 4 minutes and 4 seconds (P<0.0001).Conclusion: EM residents frequently omit key components of the discharge conversation. The implementation of the “DC HOME” discharge mnemonic improves resident discharge performance, patient perception, and overall patient satisfaction.
Comparing Means Among More Than Two Samples to Test Hypotheses about Populations: Analysis of Variance

This chapter explores comparing the means from more than two samples. Many important questions can be raised across a number of different samples. For example, race is a central concern in criminal justice and criminology, and often it does not make sense to restrict comparisons involving race to just two groups. Similarly, in many criminal justice studies, a number of interventions or other experimental manipulations are compared simultaneously. In such studies, researchers want to compare not just two but three or more means in the context of one statistical test. The one-way ANOVA is a parametric test of statistical significance that allows a researcher to compare means across three or more categories of a single categorical variable. It takes into account not only variability between groups but also variability within groups in determining statistical significance. The strength of the relationship observed is measured by the statistic eta squared, or percent of variance explained. A researcher who wishes to compare means of pairs of specific samples within a larger test makes a pairwise comparison. The honestly significant difference (HSD) test and the Bonferroni method are pairwise comparison methods that allow a researcher to compare means of pairs of specific samples within a larger test. When the assumptions underlying ANOVA are difficult to meet, the researcher may choose a nonparametric alternative—the Kruskal-Wallis test. This test does not require an assumption of normal population distributions or homoscedasticity. As a rank-order test, however, it does not use all the information available from ratio-/interval-level data.
Plasma levels of angiopoietin-2, VEGF-A, and VCAM-1 as markers of bevacizumab-induced hypertension: CALGB 80303 and 90401 (Alliance)

Hypertension is a common toxicity induced by bevacizumab and other antiangiogenic drugs. There are no biomarkers to predict the risk of bevacizumab-induced hypertension. This study aimed to identify plasma proteins related to the function of the vasculature to predict the risk of severe bevacizumab-induced hypertension. Using pretreated plasma samples from 398 bevacizumab-treated patients in two clinical trials (CALGB 80303 and 90401), the levels of 17 proteins were measured via ELISA. The association between proteins and grade 3 bevacizumab-induced hypertension was performed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) from logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and clinical trial. Using the optimal cut-point of each protein, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for hypertension were estimated. Five proteins showed no difference in levels between clinical trials and were used for analyses. Lower levels of angiopoietin-2 (p = 0.0013, OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.67–7.55), VEGF-A (p = 0.0008, OR 4.25, 95% CI 1.93–10.72), and VCAM-1 (p = 0.0067, OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.34–5.63) were associated with an increased risk of grade 3 hypertension. The multivariable model suggests independent effects of angiopoietin-2 (p = 0.0111, OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.29–6.10), VEGF-A (p = 0.0051, OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.54–9.73), and VCAM-1 (p = 0.0308, OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.10–4.92). The presence of low levels of 2–3 proteins had an OR of 10.06 (95% CI 3.92–34.18, p = 1.80 × 10–5) for the risk of hypertension, with sensitivity of 89.7%, specificity of 53.5%, PPV of 17.3%, and NPV of 97.9%. This is the first study providing evidence of plasma proteins with potential value to predict patients at risk of developing bevacizumab-induced hypertension. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00088894 (CALGB 80303); and NCT00110214 (CALGB 90401).
CO2 Absorption Efficiency Dependent on Temperature, Liquid Flow, Gas Flow and Gas Composition in Laboratory Rig

A laboratory rig for CO2 absorption including desorption has been in operation at the University of South-Eastern Norway for several years. Measurements of CO2 removal efficiency and heat consumption at varied temperatures, gas flows and liquid flows have been performed. In this work, new results from 2016 and 2017 are presented. In previous experiments, the inlet CO2 composition has mainly been constant at 10 % CO2. In this work, results where the CO2 composition has been varied between 5 and 15 % are emphasized. The calculation of the CO2 absorption efficiency has mainly been based on measurements of the gas composition in and out of the absorption column. In some experiments, the absorption rate and then the absorption efficiency have also been calculated from measured liquid concentrations and flows. The CO2 rig has been successfully operated under stable conditions and gives reasonable results for CO2 removal efficiency as a function of temperature, liquid flow, gas flow and inlet gas composition.
Permittivity Estimates of Dielectric Spheres Using Radar Scattering Measurements

Broadband coherent radar scattering measurements were used to estimate the complex permittivity of homogeneous isotropic spheres. A Nelder–Mead optimization minimized differences between measured coherent scattering data and a corresponding forward solution provided by the dielectric Mie series. The method was applied across a range of dielectric materials to include Teflon, polystyrene foam, alumina oxide, neoprene rubber, and shungite. Dielectric constant estimates were achieved to within 0.1–6.85% of published values using traditional waveguide or cavity approaches. The method could not satisfactorily estimate dielectric loss tangent for low loss materials (e.g., foam and Teflon) but increased in accuracy with increasing dielectric loss.
On the Reliability of Network Eavesdropping Tools

This paper analyzes the problem of intercepting Internet traffic from the eavesdropper’s point of view. It examines the reliability and accuracy of transcripts, and shows that obtaining “high fidelity” transcripts is harder than previously assumed. Even in highly favorable situations, such as capturing unencrypted traffic using standard protocols, simple — and entirely unilateral — countermeasures are shown to be sufficient to prevent accurate traffic analysis in many Internet interception configurations. In particular, these countermeasures were successful against every available eavesdropping system we tested. Central to our approach is a new class of “confusion” techniques, that unlike cryptography or steganography, do not require cooperation by the communicating parties and, in some cases, can be employed entirely by a third party who is not involved in the communication.
Data Acquisition System for Vehicle Fuel Economy Measurement

The Tripmaster on-board instrumentation system is designed to obtain pertinent information on vehicle fuel economy under in-service conditions. Measuring and recording real-world vehicle operating and environmental conditions is becoming increasingly important in reducing fuel consumption and other operating costs. Component testing, chassis dynamometer testing, and computer simulation are among the many approaches employed to define vehicle characteristics. The collection of in-service information has been attempted previously but with poor results. The Tripmaster system, designed for use in the Department of Transportation/Society of Automotive Engineers fuel economy measurement study, was designed to develop measurement procedures and recommended practices, for use by original equipment manufacturers and vehicle operators, that reflect factors pertinent to fuel economy. In-service tests will be conducted by vehicle users during normal revenue-producing operations. Two pairs of Class 8 tractors with trailers and two pairs of Class 6 straight trucks have been donated for these tests. Each pair of trucks, a standards and a fuel efficient version, will be driven over the operator's usual route, hauling typical loads. Each of the eight trucks has been instrumented with the Tripmaster system which consists of on-board instrumentation computer, sensor set, and data monitoring display unit. A portable data link is incorporated to extract stored data and transcribe the information onto a magnetic tape cassette. Data acquisition, sensing, signal processing, data processing and display, and information output are detailed. Initial indications are that the Tripmaster system will gather the desired information on fuel economy.
How the Brain Adjusts Synapses—Maybe

The notion that the synapse is the site of lasting change in memory and learning has had wide acceptance for decades. Hebb [46] postulated that when one neuron repeatedly excites another, the synaptic knobs are strengthened. Verification has taken time, but there is now ample evidence that Hebbian type long term potentiation (with some modifications of the original hypothesis) does indeed occur [61].
Incidence of skin cancers in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with coal tar: A 25-year follow-up study

Coal tar ointments have been used for many years in the treatment of chronic eczematoid dermatitis. The possible carcinogenic effect of coal tar ointment and ultraviolet light (Goeckerman regimen), considered individually or in combination, has been of concern to physicians. A 25-year follow-up study was completed on 426 patients with atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis who were hospitalized and treated with coal tar ointments and ultraviolet light at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1954. These results were compared with those from a similar study that examined patients with psoriasis who also were treated with coal tar ointments and ultraviolet light. The results of this study suggest that the incidence of skin cancer is not significantly increased above the expected incidence for selected populations of the United States. This study offers reassurance about the relatively small risk of skin cancer developing in patients with atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis treated with coal tar ointments and ultraviolet light (Goeckerman regimen).
Lawyers in Politics: Mid-Nineteenth Century Kentucky As a Case Study

This Book explores the mid-nineteenth century legal profession through a study of the 1848 to 1852 Kentucky bar and examines those lawyers’ relationship to politics. The Author chose Kentucky as the lens in which to explore this topic for a number of reasons, including a noticeable gap in research on the bar of those states bordering New England and the Middle Atlantic states during that time period. A random sample based on the 1850 Federal Census reveals the bar was composed of men who were greatly disparate in wealth, age, slaveholding, geographic identification, and education. Through an examination of contemporary comments about the bar published in the newspapers and periodicals which circulated in Kentucky during that period, the Author establishes there was less anti-lawyer sentiment and more ambivalence about lawyers than is commonly believed. This Book compares lawyers who were politicians with lawyers who were not politicians and examines the pervasiveness of bar participation in the state’s politics, as officeholders, speakers, lobbyists, and political editors. This Book includes a number of tables and some long appendixes, reporting much of the data upon which the Author based his interpretations.
Model ontology and information architecture

Earlier in addressing the issue of having models-talk-to-models through computers, we had introduced the concept of a model ontology. [1] We next applied this to economic models, which need to communicate information between economic processes; and we examined how the concept of perfect information in economic markets did not fit financial market reality. [2] Accordingly, model ontologies for economic processes were more complicated than merely information transformation between models; but they also involved additional economic processes as transforming information between economic models. In this paper we further explore this aspect of model ontology - but now not merely as information transfer but also as information processing. The concept of a model ontology can provide the architecture for focusing information systems around important policy issues.
Incorporating Molecular Oncology into Prognosis

In this chapter, we examine recent advances in major categories of molecular prognostic factors, address problems with integrating them into clinical practice, and describe possible remedies to the current situation. Molecular prognostic factors can be categorized based on their involvement in specific biological pathways. Molecular prognostic factors research comprises the triadic intersection of outcome research, biomarker research, and molecular biology. We will also focus on how the technological advances in the postgenomics era can be integrated into clinical practice. Molecular cancer prognostic factors interface with clinical practice in a wide variety of ways, through the use of molecular variables to identify high-risk individuals, to detect disease in its early stages, to discover novel drugs (by identifying targets and pathways), to individualize therapy (pharmacogenomics), and to monitor patients. Effects of methylation on cancer prognosis and staging are being explored currently. Gene copy number may be one area that is ripe for integration into staging schema in the coming years. DNA repair may play dual roles in cancer prognosis. We are on the brink of the integration of molecular prognostic factors into practice. Bioinformatics will form one cornerstone of this process, as huge amounts of molecular information become available per sample. Regulatory approval is needed in order to use molecular prognostic factors in the clinical setting, a necessary and parallel step to incorporation into prognostic systems. The use of microarray technology opens new perspectives and brings the simultaneous identification of numerous DNA alterations at a grip, while microarrays or proteomic technologies help us to read the molecular signature (thousands of genes and proteins) of an individual patient's tumor. This is the promise of the future that eagerly awaits us. Keywords: incorporating molecular oncology into prognosis; genetic polymorphisms in cancer prognosis; RNA prognostic factor and gene expression profiling; protein-based prognostic factors; DNA tumor-based prognostic factors
KDM4/JMJD2 Histone Demethylase Inhibitors Block Prostate Tumor Growth by Suppressing the Expression of AR and BMYB-Regulated Genes

Summary Histone lysine demethylase KDM4/JMJD2s are overexpressed in many human tumors including prostate cancer (PCa). KDM4s are co-activators of androgen receptor (AR) and are thus potential therapeutic targets. Yet to date few KDM4 inhibitors that have anti-prostate tumor activity in vivo have been developed. Here, we report the anti-tumor growth effect and molecular mechanisms of three novel KDM4 inhibitors (A1, I9, and B3). These inhibitors repressed the transcription of both AR and BMYB-regulated genes. Compound B3 is highly selective for a variety of cancer cell lines including PC3 cells that lack AR. B3 inhibited the in vivo growth of tumors derived from PC3 cells and ex vivo human PCa explants. We identified a novel mechanism by which KDM4B activates the transcription of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). B3 blocked the binding of KDM4B to the PLK1 promoter. Our studies suggest a potential mechanism-based therapeutic strategy for PCa and tumors with elevated KDM4B/PLK1 expression.
QoS provisioning with qContracts in web and multimedia servers

The advent of performance-critical services such as online brokerage and e-commerce, as well as QoS-sensitive services such as streaming multimedia, makes existing FIFO servers incapable of meeting application QoS requirements. Re-designing server code to support QoS provisioning, on the other hand, is costly and time-consuming. To remedy this problem, we propose a new QoS-provisioning approach that does not require modification of server and QoS code. We develop a middleware, called qContracts, that can be transparently interposed between the server process and the operating system to achieve performance differentiation and soft QoS guarantees. The middleware enables reuse of existing legacy software in QoS-sensitive contexts, and off-loads QoS management concerns from future real-time service programmers. As an example, we show how the Apache web server is endowed with QoS support using qContracts on UNIX. Experimental results show the efficacy of the middleware in achieving the contracted QoS, while imposing less than 1% overhead.
Intensity modulated proton therapy for postmastectomy radiation of bilateral implant reconstructed breasts: A treatment planning study

Abstract Background and purpose Delivery of post-mastectomy radiation (PMRT) in women with bilateral implants represents a technical challenge, particularly when attempting to cover regional lymph nodes. Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) holds the potential to improve dose delivery and spare non-target tissues. The purpose of this study was to compare IMPT to three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation following bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction. Materials and methods Ten IMPT, 3D conformal photon/electron (P/E), and 3D photon (wide tangent) plans were created for 5 patients with breast cancer, all of whom had bilateral breast implants. Using RTOG guidelines, a physician delineated contours for both target volumes and organs-at-risk. Plans were designed to achieve 95% coverage of all targets (chest wall, IMN, SCV, axilla) to a dose of 50.4 Gy or Gy (RBE) while maximally sparing organs-at-risk. Results IMPT plans conferred similar target volume coverage with enhanced homogeneity. Both mean heart and lung doses using IMPT were significantly decreased compared to both P/E and wide tangent planning. Conclusions IMPT provides improved homogeneity to the chest wall and regional lymphatics in the post-mastectomy setting with improved sparing of surrounding normal structures for woman with reconstructed breasts. IMPT may enable women with mastectomy to undergo radiation therapy without the need for delay in breast reconstruction.
Oppositional serial structures and paired-associate learning.

Ss were required to learn 15 paired-associates; the response terms were the words Beautiful, Pretty, Fair, Homely, and Ugly. Each of these response terms was paired with a different nonsense syllable, such that the same word was correct for 3 different nonsense stimuli. Results indicated that rate of learning and error-characteristics produced by these pairs were similar to those of other serial word orders, such as Freshman-through-Senior and One-through-Five. These data were taken to mean that despite the fact that Beautiful and Ugly are high probability word-associates, on the basis of the present procedure they must be considered to have disparate locations in psychological space. These results imply that words are organized on the basis of a number of different principles and the organizational principle which is manifested in any particular situation strongly depends upon task requirements.
New methods for locating phase boundaries

A new geometric representation for the dew/bubble conditions of a special class of polydisperse fluids is used to develop series expansion representations for the location of the top of the dew/bubble and shadow curves and for an expansion around the top of the dew/bubble and shadow curves. An excellent approximation for the one-comonent van der Waals coexistence is given as a special illustration of the method.
Evaluation of SOVAT: An OLAP-GIS decision support system for community health assessment data analysis

Data analysis in community health assessment (CHA) involves the collection, integration, and analysis of large numerical and spatial data sets in order to identify health priorities. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enable for management and analysis using spatial data, but have limitations in performing analysis of numerical data because of its traditional database architecture. On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) is a multidimensional datawarehouse designed to facilitate querying of large numerical data. Coupling the spatial capabilities of GIS with the numerical analysis of OLAP, might enhance CHA data analysis. OLAP-GIS systems have been developed by university researchers and corporations, yet their potential for CHA data analysis is not well understood. To evaluate the potential of an OLAP-GIS decision support system for CHA problem solving, we compared OLAP-GIS to the standard information technology (IT) currently used by many public health professionals. SOVAT, an OLAP-GIS decision support system developed at the University of Pittsburgh, was compared against current IT for data analysis for CHA. For this study, current IT was considered the combined use of SPSS and GIS ("SPSS-GIS"). Graduate students, researchers, and faculty in the health sciences at the University of Pittsburgh were recruited. Each round consisted of: an instructional video of the system being evaluated, two practice tasks, five assessment tasks, and one post-study questionnaire. Objective and subjective measurement included: task completion time, success in answering the tasks, and system satisfaction. Thirteen individuals participated. Inferential statistics were analyzed using linear mixed model analysis. SOVAT was statistically significant (α = .01) from SPSS-GIS for satisfaction and time (p < .002). Descriptive results indicated that participants had greater success in answering the tasks when using SOVAT as compared to SPSS-GIS. Using SOVAT, tasks were completed more efficiently, with a higher rate of success, and with greater satisfaction, than the combined use of SPSS and GIS. The results from this study indicate a potential for OLAP-GIS decision support systems as a valuable tool for CHA data analysis.
The Complexity of the Finite Containment Problem for Petri Nets

If the reachability set of a Petri net (or, equivalently, vector addition system) is finite it can be effectively constructed. Furthermore, the finiteness is decidable. Thus, the containment and equality problem for finite reachability sets become solvable. We investigate the complexity of decision procedures for these two problems and show by reducing a bounded version of Hilbert''s Tenth problem to the finite containment problem that these two problems are extremely hard, that, in fact, the complexity of each decision procedure exceeds any primitive recursive function infinitely often. The finite containment and quality problem are thus the first uncontrived, decidable problems with provably non-primitive recursive complexity.
On the canonical quantization of Yang-Mills theories

Abstract We perform a canonical quantization of non-abelian gauge fields in the (incomplete) temporal gauge. The resulting generating functional is well defined and has a simple geometrical interpretation: each path of physical fields is represented in the path integral by a horizontal path in the bundle of spatial vector potentials (these are precisely the paths that satisfy the Gauss constraint). In contrast to conventional treatments, the effective action contains non-local interactions to all orders in the coupling constant.
Flux pinning by thin chromium layers

The flux pinning strength and upper critical field have been measured in multilayered evaporated films composed of thick layers of polycrystalline Pb-18% Bi alloy periodically interleaved with much thinner layers of chromium. The flux pinning strength of a single Cr layer with the applied magnetic field parallel to the layers is estimated to be at least 180 N/m2 at a reduced field ofh=H/H c2=0.7, and is independent of Cr layer thickness. The parallel flux pinning strength drops sharply, however, if the layer spacingd 1 is reduced to less than 60 nm. The upper critical field with the applied field normal to the layers is slightly elevated for larged 1 , but is strongly depressed ford 1 <100 nm; the parallel upper critical field is independent ofd 1 .
SMOKING BEHAVIOR OF SCIENTISTS

Summary.-Academic biologists, chemists, mathematicians, and psychologists were surveyed to examine smoking rates among the various groups of scientists and to compare publication differences associated with smoking status. Smoking rates among these groups of scientists were, in general, quite low. A consistent tendency for greater publishing activity on the part of smokers than noo-smokers or former smokers was observed. Scientists' smoking behavior is of interest in view of the scientist's commitment to a rational world-view and the strong evidence of the personally damaging effects of smoking. Almost two decades ago eminent lung cancer scientists were observed to be relatively unlikely to smoke, although the smoking rate among a comparison group of eminent experimental psychologists (90% male) was the same as for unselected American men (Lawton & Goldman, 1961). In the last nvo decades, prevalence of cigarette smoking has (according to Public Health Service data, 1976) decreased among men in the general population (from 57% in 1955 to 39% in 1975) although not for women (28% to 29%). Incidence of smoking among professional and other well educated men is presently lower than in the general population although some groups of professional women are generally more likely to smoke than unselected women or their male colleagues (Eyres, 1973; USPHS, 1977; Dicken, 1978). In a previous study investigating smoking patterns of psychologists in the.California State University and Colleges System (CSUC) our results were consistent with the previously cited sex differences (Dicken & Bryson, 1978). In addition, we found evidence, at the full professor level (and to a lesser extent at the associate professor level), for greater research productivity (books and articles) among smokers than among never smokers or former smokers. Two possible reasons for the obtained difference were considered: (1) personality differences associated with smoking and (2) state differences induced by nicotine. The question of cause and effect is not resolved. Results of the previous studies, however, suggest that in terms of group differences smokers are characterized by abilities and traits commonly ascribed to creative persons: divergent thinking (Coan, 1973), ability co attend to the changing aspects of a stimulus domain (Friedman, Horvath, & Meares, 1974; Hall, Rappaport, Hopkins, & Griffin, 1973), preference for novel or hypotheti
Ethanol oxidation by liver microsomes: evidence against a separate and distinct enzyme system.

Abstract The TPNH dependent oxidation of ethanol by rat liver microsomes has been studied. Microsomes isolated by the usual centrifugation techniques contain TPNH oxidase, catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The latter two enzymes, known to be involved in ethanol metabolism, appear to be present largely as contaminants and their activity can be removed or decreased by washing. No evidence was obtained for the presence of a separate and distinct membrane bound ethanol oxidase. It is concluded that the TPNH and O 2 dependent metabolism of ethanol by microsomes can readily be explained by the coupled and combined activities of TPNH oxidase, catalase and ADH.
Building the PolarGrid portal using web 2.0 and OpenSocial

Science requires collaboration. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of coupling current social networking techniques to science gateways to provide a scientific collaboration model. We are particularly interested in the integration of local and third party services, since we believe the latter provide more long-term sustainability than gateway-provided service instances alone. Our prototype use case for this study is the PolarGrid portal, in which we combine typical science portal functionality with widely used collaboration tools. Our goal is to determine the feasibility of rapidly developing a collaborative science gateway that incorporates third-party collaborative services with more typical science gateway capabilities. We specifically investigate Google Gadget, OpenSocial, and related standards.
First-Principles Investigations of Electrochemical Oxidation of Hydrogen at Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operating Conditions

Elementary mechanisms of electrochemical reactions that take place over solid oxide fuel cell electrodes are not well understood. We present a first-principles approach, combining density functional theory calculations and statistical thermodynamics, aimed at studying electrochemical surface reactions. We have utilized this approach to investigate a mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen on various metal surfaces under solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions. Our analysis shows that oxygen adsorption energy is an excellent descriptor for the electrocatalytic activity of different metals. We demonstrate that the electrochemical activity of metals, as a function of the oxygen adsorption energy, can be described with a volcano plot where weak oxygen-metal binding results in a high anode overpotential loss while highly exothermic interactions of oxygen and a metal surface result in the oxygen-induced poisoning of the electrocatalyst. The observed volcano plots are consistent with experimental observations.
‘The Transpoemations Project’: digital storytelling, contemporary poetry, and refugee boys

This article describes a five-week summer literacy program designed for a group of 70 multilingual refugee boys resettled from their home countries in Africa and Asia to a city in the Southeastern USA. The students attended local public schools but struggled to experience academic success in the traditional classroom. The summer program addressed this issue by offering the students a curriculum in which they worked, alongside American teachers, in small learning groups, completing activities premised on specific twenty-first century literacies, such as critical thinking and the creative manipulation of texts and technologies. The students interacted with high-interest literature written in English and with selected productivity tools, including the filmmaking software MovieMaker. The program culminated with each student producing a digital story – a ‘transpoemation’ – adapted from an autobiographical response to George Ella Lyon’s poem, ‘Where I’m From.’ The students translated their own poems through a s...
THE FILTER CIGARETTE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE: THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY

Long-term follow-up of the Framingham cohort for coronary heart disease (CHD) end-points has made it possible to test the hypothesis that those who smoke filter cigarettes are less likely to get clinical manifestations of CHD than those who smoke non-filter cigarettes. Men were classified at the 7th biennial examination (1963--64) according to whether they smoked filter or non-filter cigarettes. 58% of the cigarette-smoking men under age 55 at this examination smoked filter cigarettes. These men had slightly lower prior smoking exposure than smokers of non-filter cigarettes. Despite what seemed to be a favourable cigarette-smoking history, the filter-cigarette smokers did not have lower CHD incidence rates than non-filter smokers. This finding was unchanged even after multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust for the slight differences in age, systolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol between the two groups.
Alliance Participation And Foreign Policy Influence: The Military's Role

This article assesses the impact of defense alliances on the foreign policy attitudes of the military of member states. The study employs as examples two NATO members (Greece and Portugal), two Warsaw Pact participants (Poland and Czechoslovakia), and two neutral states (Egypt and India). After examining these states' foreign policies-and the role of the military in shaping them-it was concluded that professional needs, such as training, sophisticated equipment, support, and general security considerations result in a close relationship between the military of the participating states and the defense alliance to which they belong. In turn, this close relationship influences the attitudes of the military and causes them to advocate foreign policies that may be beneficial to the alliance, but not always to the best interests and aspirations of their own nation. In short, defense alliances have a significant influence on the attitudes of the military of member states and correspondingly on their foreign/secu...
Diazacon inhibits reproduction in invasive monk parakeet populations.

Abstract Throughout the United States, managers lack safe, effective methods to control expanding populations of the invasive monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus). Because the reproductive inhibitor diazacon (20,25 diazacholesterol) has been used effectively in captive monk parakeets, we provided diazacon-treated sunflower seeds to birds at electric utility substations inhabited by parakeets in south Florida, USA. Nest productivity (nestlings plus eggs with embryos) averaged 1.31 (SE = 0.45, n = 100 nests) at 6 treated sites compared to 4.15 (SE = 0.68, n = 50 nests) at 4 untreated sites, a 68.4% reduction. Exposure of native bird species to treated bait was infrequent. Diazacon is an effective means to reduce reproductive success of monk parakeets, and development of methods to limit exposure of nontarget birds will enable more widespread use of this useful population management technique.
A coupled theory of damage mechanics and finite strain elasto-plasticity—II. Damage and finite strain plasticity

Abstract A constitutive model is formulated here for anisotropic continuum damage mechanics using finite strain plasticity. The formulation is given in spatial coordinates (Eulerian reference frame) and incorporates both isotropic and kinematic hardening. The von Mises yield criterion is modified to include the effects of damage through the use of the hypothesis of elastic energy equivalence. A modified elasto-plastic stiffness tensor that includes the effects of damage is derived within the framework of the proposed model. Numerical implementation of the proposed model includes the finite element formulation where an Updated Lagrangian description is used. The basic example of finite simple shear is solved. The problem of crack initiation is also solved for a thin elasto-plastic plate with a center crack that is subjected to inplane tension. This problem is solved in the companion paper using the coupled theory of elasticity with damage.
The Heritability of Characteristics Associated with Dispositional Empathy

This investigation used data from Loehlin and Nichols's (1976) study of over 800 sets of twins to examine evidence for the heritability of three facets of empathy: empathic concern, personal distress, and perspective taking. Expert judges first identified sets of adjectives, included within Loehlin and Nichols's original data, which reflected each empathy construct; these items were then validated in an independent sample. Comparisons of the responses given to these items by identical and fraternal twins in the Loehlin and Nichols investigation revealed evidence of significant heritability for characteristics associated with the two affective facets of empathy--empathic concern and personal distress--but not for the nonaffective construct of perspective taking. This pattern is consistent with the view that temperamental emotionality may underlie the heritability of affective empathy.
Ontological Kinds Versus Biological Species

Haber and Benham (2012) base their critique of the “inexorable moral confusion” (IMC) argument upon the problematic biologically based “essentialist” assumptions underlying the confusion that may r...