cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurements at the southern magnetic conjugate region of the fission debris from the Starfish nuclear detonation

Fission products of Star Fish high-altitude nuclear detonation measured at southern magnetic conjugate region
Implicit queries (IQ) for contextualized search

The Implicit Query (IQ) prototype is a system which automatically generates context-sensitive searches based on a user's current computing activities. In the demo, we show IQ running when users are reading or composing email. Queries are automatically generated by analyzing the email message, and results are presented in a small pane adjacent to the current window to provide peripheral awareness of related information.
Making and Implementing Policy on Teacher Licensure

The authors describe one state's efforts to formulate and implement policy with regard to the licensure (or certification) of its public school teachers. They dis cuss conditions that led to the de...
The system albite‐wollastonite‐nepheline

A study has been made of the high-temperature equilibrium-relations, at atmospheric pressure, of the three silicates sodium aluminium polysilicate, calcium metasilicate, and sodium aluminium orthosilicate. These constitute the fundamental molecules of the rock-forming minerals-albite, wollastonite, and nepheline, respectively. The system forms a plane in the quaternary system soda-lime-alumina-silica. As a preliminary to the study, two of the limiting systems were investigated, namely, nepheline-wollastonlte and albite-wollastonite. The three minerals concerned do not form a true ternary system, there being a plagioclase field instead of one of albite. The minimum-temperature point of the entire system is the albite-nepheline eutectic.
Parametric signal analysis using the polynomial phase transform

Presents a tutorial discussion of the polynomial phase transform (PPT) and its application to estimating the parameters of complex signals with continuous phase and slowly varying amplitudes. The PPT-based algorithm provides suboptimal but computationally efficient estimates of the signal parameters. The performance of the algorithm on single-component signals is discussed in some detail. Preliminary results on estimating multicomponent signals are presently briefly. The PPT appears to be a practical approach to parametric modeling of a class of nonstationary signals. >
Cross-wire anemometry in high intensity turbulence

An analysis of the response of an X-probe which takes into account the axial sensitivity k, the effect of the w component of velocity and the effective rectification by the hot wire is presented. Owing to rectification points in the measured u, v ‘phase plane’ are confined within a certain sector, thus leading to distortions in the measured joint probability density functions. Numerical computations show that high turbulence intensities lead to large errors in second-order moments measured by cross-wire probes; for instance, the error in the measured correlation (over and above that due to k) can be as high as 28% when the turbulence intensity is 35%.
Systems Pharmacology Models for Guiding Drug Design

Systems pharmacology models provide a quantitative framework for understanding the dynamic interplay among variables of complex biological systems affected by drugs and pathophysiological processes. New classes of drugs are developed that seek to exploit unique properties of single ligands targeting two (or multiple) receptors. The rational optimization of efficacy for such drugs requires expansion of the classical ligand–receptor binding models to account for physical properties of both ligand and receptors.
Leveraging Social Networks to Improve Service Selection in Workflow Composition

In recent years, social media has expanded from a niche application with a student-focused user base to a mainstream tool used by individuals and business to maintain and expand their social and business networks. The result is a rich source of data that can help service consumers and service providers connect with each other in new and interesting ways. This paper describes research that leverages social media to help users optimize service selections when composing executable workflows from among both web services and physical services.
Some mixing properties of Tukey's 3R smoother

Suppose Tukey's 3R (“running median”) smoothing algorithm is applied to a strictly stationary sequence X: = (Xk) of random variables, thereby creating a new stationary sequence Xœ If X satisfies the strong (Rosenblatt) mixing condition, then so does .Xœ If X is an i.i.d. sequence with each X(k:) uniformly distributed on the interval [0,1], then Xœ fails to be (mixing. Thus two questions of C. Mallows are answered.
Heterotopic Pregnancy Diagnosed by Emergency Ultrasound

We present a case of heterotopic pregnancy rapidly diagnosed by an emergency physician. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an emergency physician using bedside ultrasound to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy present simultaneously with an intrauterine pregnancy. Other unique features of this case include the diagnosis being made on initial evaluation and the patient's lack of risk factors for heterotopic pregnancy. A review of the cases of heterotopic pregnancy reported in the emergency medicine literature, the rising prevalence of the disease, and factors that may facilitate in making the diagnosis are discussed as well.
An investigation on the stress–strain relationship of cold-rolled steel sheets used in the automotive industry:

Cold-rolled steels are used in every stage of the automotive industry, from engineering design to manufacturing, and advanced numerical studies of these steels require knowledge of their stress–strain behaviour. Existing stress–strain models for these steels either are only capable of accurate predictions over a limited strain range or are defined by many material parameters and the values of some of these parameters are not available in most of the existing design codes. This study presents an analytical approximation of the stress–strain relationship for cold-rolled steels. For this purpose, tensile tests were conducted with some commercial cold-rolled sheets used in the automotive industry. Data were analysed to construct a robust mathematical model. The residual sum of squares was employed as the common analysing parameter for both linear and non-linear models; residual diagnosis was also applied towards achieving robustness of the model.
Developing a generalizable detector of when students game the system

Some students, when working in interactive learning environments, attempt to "game the system", attempting to succeed in the environment by exploiting properties of the system rather than by learning the material and trying to use that knowledge to answer correctly. In this paper, we present a system that can accurately detect whether a student is gaming the system, within a Cognitive Tutor mathematics curricula. Our detector also distinguishes between two distinct types of gaming which are associated with different learning outcomes. We explore this detector's generalizability, and find that it transfers successfully to both new students and new tutor lessons.
Depressive Syndromes in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis and Treatment

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents has been the focus of much research in the last decade. Findings to date indicate that MDD does exist in children and adolescents and is similar to MDD in adults in terms of phenomenology, family history of MDD, dexamethasone nonsuppression, and response to imipramine pharmacotherapy. These findings are reviewed, with a focus on diagnosis and pharmacological approaches to treatment.
Terrestrial Approaches To Integration of Waste Treatment

Solar energy driven physical, chemical and biological recycling of nutrients is the characteristic of the Earth-Sun system which permits life on earth to continue. Natural recycle of nutrients on Earth may literally require thousands or even millions of years to be complete, but for modern civilization to continue on Earth or in space, mankind must take charge of, and accelerate, the recycle of all essentials of life. In this paper we describe studies of two accelerated recycle systems; a solar powered energy system and an integrated feed lot. Both systems require special infrastructures permitting the accelerated physical, chemical and biological processing to occur. These systems do not integrate respiratory carbon dioxide as must be done in a complete closed ecological life support system (CELSS). The Algatron, a more complete system involving microalgal bacterial waste treatment with water, oxygen and carbon dioxide recycle was designed for use in Space Stations over 20 years ago.
Tumor necrosis factor-α regulates nicotinic responses in mixed cultures of sympathetic neurons and nonneuronal cells

It is recognized that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pleiotropic cytokine, influences hormone secretion and transmitter release from central neurons. To examine the role of TNF-alpha as a modulator of autonomic function of the PNS, we measured [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) secretion evoked by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), a nicotinic agonist, in cultures from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG). We found that (1) DMPP-evoked [3H]NE secretion was enhanced in SCG mixed cultures treated for 48 h with recombinant human TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) plus rat interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not in cultures treated with either cytokine alone; (2) an increase in [3H]NE secretion was also observed in mixed cultures treated with recombinant murine TNF-alpha (rmTNF-alpha) alone; and (3) the presence of nonneuronal cells or soluble factors released by them was required for the effect of these cytokines on secretion. Electrophysiologic experiments revealed an increase in nicotinic receptor current density in neurons from mixed cultures treated with rhTNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma or with rmTNF-alpha when compared with control cultures. We conclude that prolonged exposure to rhTNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma or rmTNF-alpha regulates nicotinic responses in SCG cultures via a soluble factor or factors secreted by nonneuronal cells.
The effect of azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir.

This study was performed to examine the effect of the coadministration of azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of the protease inhibitor indinavir (Crixivan®). In an open-label, parallel-design study, 32 healthy male and female volunteers were given indinavir (800 mg tid) for 5 days. One hour prior to the first dose of indinavir on day 5, 18 subjects received 1200 mg azithromycin (Zithromax®), and 14 subjects received matching placebo. Serial samples ofplasma were obtained for 8 hours following the morning dose of indinavir on days 4 and 5 and assayed for indinavir by HPLC/UV. Twenty-seven subjects completed the study. Following coadministration of azithromycin with indinavir, there was no significant change between day 5 and day 4 in AUC (20.7 mg○hr/ml and 23.1 mg○hr/ml; 90% CI on the ratio 81%-100%) or C max (9.88 mg/ml and 10.3 mg/ml; 90% CI 86%-108%). The day 5 to day 4 difference in indinavir concentrations following coadministration with azithromycin was not significantly different from the day 5 to day 4 difference with placebo (AUC p = 0.68; C max p = 0.074). Therefore, azithromycin does not significantly alter the kinetics of indinavir.
Biofabrication of Multi-Material 3D Neural Constructs Embedded With Patterned PC12 Neural Cell Lines

In Vitro models are being used as a bridge between animal and human studies. Being able to reproduce specific tissue-like structures, functions and responses in a way that is more physiologically relevant allows for huge advantages for tissue engineering, pharmaco-toxicology and food research. These systems are not designed to be directly implanted into patients, but can be used to study human tissue physiology and pathophysiology in vitro. In vitro models are based on human cells, which can capture the responses of the human body, particularly those that are species specific. Models of tissues and organs can give enhanced predictive power, particularly for large-scale screening assays and to understand complex disease pathology.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Approach Trajectory Guidance for Maximum Concealment

An energy-management concept is examined with a view to provision of a near-optimum maneuver guidance system for military aircraft tactical operations. The data thus obtained indicate that the Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft, as modeled in the aircraft-specific energy-rate tables, could fly the flight paths in question. The fuel-conservative guidance system's ability to minimize pop-up flight time and carefully coordinate the aircraft's controls for this performance-oriented requirement is demonstrated.
Design of Crude Distillation Plants with Vacuum Units. I. Targeting

In previous work (Ji, S.; Bagajewicz, M. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 3003), it was shown that the preflash/prefractionation arrangement of distillation units is not as energy efficient as the conventional design in the absence of a vacuum unit. The same was found for a newly proposed stripping-type design. The use of a vacuum column, however, has many implications on energy consumption, which alters these conclusions. Three atmospheric vacuum distillation arrangement combinations are therefore studied in this paper, revealing that the addition of a vacuum column favors the preflashing distillation arrangement.
Combined effects of atorvastatin and metformin on glucose-induced variations of inflammatory process in patients with diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background Statin treatment improves survival in patients with atherosclerosis, but their effect on the glucose-induced variations of inflammatory markers, is unknown. We examined the effect of combined therapy with atorvastatin and metformin on glucose-induced variations of inflammatory molecules in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM). Methods Thirty five subjects with newly diagnosed DM were randomized to receive metformin 850mg/d (M, n =17) or metformin 850mg/d+atorvastatin 10mg ( n =18). All subjects underwent glucose loading (75g oral glucose) at baseline and after 12weeks of treatment. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 3h post-loading, while serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were determined at baseline and at 3h. Results Serum TNF-α remained unchanged in metformin at baseline (1.36±0.18 to 1.47±0.21pg/ml p =NS) and after treatment (1.44±0.71 to 1.31±0.17pg/ml, p =NS), while it was reduced in metformin+atorvastatin (2.3±0.3 to 2.0±0.4pg/ml, p =NS at baseline and 1.80±0.2 to 1.65±0.2pg/ml, p =0.03 after treatment). Conclusions Interestingly, the combination of metformin and atorvastatin partly prevents the glucose-loading induced elevation of glucose levels (at 1h), suggesting a better response to glucose intake than monotherapy with metformin. In addition, combined treatment with atorvastatin and metformin reduces the post-glucose loading levels of TNF-α compared to metformin monotherapy.
Refining the measurement of rate constants in the BIAcore.

When estimating rate constants using the BIAcore surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, one must have an accurate mathematical model to interpret sensogram data. Several models of differing complexity are discussed, including the effective rate constant (ERC) approach. This model can be shown formally to be good within O(Da) in the limit of small Damkohler number Da, which is the ratio of the reaction rate to the rate of transport to the surface. Numerical results are presented that show that except for very slow reactions, parameter estimates from the ERC model are very close to those estimated using a more complicated model. The BIAcore measures the behavior of an evanescent wave whose signal strength decays as it penetrates into the device. It is shown that this decay does not appreciably affect the sensogram readout at low Da, but at moderate Da can lead to situations where two vastly different rate constants can produce the same short-time sensogram data.
Role of the AcsF Protein in Chloroflexus aurantiacus

The green phototrophic bacteria contain a unique complement of chlorophyll pigments, which self-assemble efficiently into antenna structures known as chlorosomes with little involvement of protein. The few proteins found in chlorosomes have previously been thought to have a primarily structural function. The biosynthetic pathway of the chlorosome pigments, bacteriochlorophylls c, d, and e, is not well understood. In this report, we used spectroscopic, proteomic, and gene expression approaches to investigate the chlorosome proteins of the green filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Surprisingly, Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase, AcsF, was identified under anaerobic growth conditions. The AcsF protein was found in the isolated chlorosome fractions, and the proteomics analysis suggested that significant portions of the AcsF proteins are not accessible to protease digestion. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR studies showed that the transcript level of the acsF gene is not lower in anaerobic growth than in semiaerobic growth. Since the proposed enzymatic activity of AcsF requires molecular oxygen, our studies suggest that the roles of AcsF in C. aurantiacus need to be investigated further.
Overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening: women have minimal prior awareness of the issue, and their screening intentions are influenced by the size of the risk

Commentary on: Hersch J, Jansen J, Barratt A, et al. Women's views on overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening: a qualitative study. BMJ 2013;346:f158. There has been increasing awareness recently of the problems of overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening. The amount of overdiagnosis varies across different studies. The aim of this study by Hersch and colleagues was to generate insight into women's understanding and interpretation of overdiagnosis of breast cancer screening. Further, to understand how different estimates of overdiagnosis influence screening attitudes and how women view information given on …
Langerhans cell histiocytosis patients have HLA Cw7 and DR4 types associated with specific clinical presentations and no increased frequency in polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter.

Background Current theory on the etiology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), formerly Histiocytosis-X, is that abnormality(ies) of the immune system are responsible for dysregulation of Langerhans cells (LC) in patients' lesions. Among the known abnormalities in LCH patients are increased amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and other cytokines in the lesions. Procedure We investigated the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes of 29 patients and 37 healthy family members to determine if any haplotypes segregate with the presence or locations of the disease. The lymphocyte subsets for 22 patients and 11 family members were also determined. Results Patients with single bone, multiple bone, or multi-system LCH had different relative proportions of HLA types. Patients presenting with single bone disease had an especially high frequency of the DR4 type. In this patient group, every Caucasian patient had either Cw7 or DR4. Lymphopenia was documented in patients who had been off therapy as well as those who only had surgical curetage of their lesions. Family members also had low numbers of T lymphocytes. There were fewer mutations of the TNF-α promoter in patients than in the general population. Conclusions Although there is an increased percentage of LCH patients with DR4 and/or Cw7 there was also an increased prevalence of this antigen as well as lymphopenia among unaffected family members. Additional genetic and/or environmental factors are necessary to explain this association. TNF-α promoter mutations are not responsible for the increased production of this cytokine. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;41:502–507. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Keyboardless visual programming using voice, handwriting, and gesture

Visual programming languages have facilitated the application development process, improving our ability to express programs, as well as our ability to view, edit and interact with them. Yet even in programming environments, productivity is restricted by the primary input sources: the mouse and the keyboard. As an alternative, we investigate a program development interface which responds to the most natural human communication technologies: voice, handwriting and gesture. Speech- and pen-based systems have yet to find broad acceptance in everyday life because they are insufficiently advantageous to overcome problems with reliability. However, we believe that a visual programming environment with a multimodal user interface properly constrained so as not to exceed the limits of the current technology has the potential to increase programming productivity for not only those people who are manually or visually impaired, but for the general population as well. In this paper we report on such a system.
Spacecraft uplink, downlink, and intercommunications in a space-qualified ASIC chip set

This paper describes the functionality of four application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) developed for the Cassini spacecraft. The four ASICs are used on the spacecraft in the command and data subsystem to receive uplink data, transmit downlink data, and provide intercommunications within the spacecraft via a 1553B bus. Implemented in the ASICs is a portion of the spacecraft uplink and downlink protocol specified in the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standard. The CCSDS standard is a widely used, international standard. The ASICs also provide additional functions often required in a command and data subsystem such as a spacecraft clock, a "fault defection unit" and DMA. The ASICs, produced in Honeywell's RICMOS technology, are radiation hard, single event upset hard, and highly reliable (Class S). The implementation in space-qualified ASICs of uplink, downlink, and spacecraft intercommunication functions which meet widely used standards is expected to have applications in a variety of spacecraft. >
Adult Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia.

Background: A 32-year-old lady of Asian descent presented with pain and severe stiffness of the back and hips progressively worsening over several years. She was diabetic but had no past medical history of rickets or renal disease. On examination she was of short stature with marked thoracic kyphosis and flattening of the lumbar spine. Spinal movements were globally restricted and the hips demonstrated a fixed flexion deformity. Her initial diagnosis had been ankylosing spondylitis until she had a MRI scan. Plain radiographs and further MRI of the hips were also performed. Subsequent laboratory tests revealed she was vitamin D deficient, normocalcemic with raised parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase.
On the Importance of Non-Tradable Goods Prices in Explaining Real Exchange Rate Movements - Reconciling the Findings of Engel (1999) and Burstein Et Al (2006)

This mimeo discusses the importance of non-tradable goods prices in explaining real exchange rate movements. We try to reconcile the findings of Engel (1999) and Burstein et al (2006) that seem to provide very different conclusions regarding the decomposition of real exchange rate movements. The mimeo discusses in brief the concept of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and the Law of one price (LOP). The analysis explains the puzzle of Real Exchange Rate (RER) and provides a deep interpretation, in attempt to reconcile the conflicting arguments in literature.
A Review of “The Old South's Modern Worlds: Slavery, Region, and Nation in the Age of Progress”

Make no mistake: this book will become an important historiographic marker in the study of the Old South. The collection of seventeen essays, written by leading historians, offers essential reading...
Visualization of Injectable Hydrogels Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI

Injectable biomaterials are being developed for a wide range of biomedical applications; however, characterization of materials (e.g., distribution, chemical composition) after injection is often difficult and relies on invasive and destructive procedures. To address this problem, this study utilizes a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition technique based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), where the signal relies on the exchange of protons in specific molecules with bulk water protons. Such a signal can be generated from specific functional groups endogenous to or engineered into a desired material. Here, CEST MRI was used to visualize injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels either alone or after injection into tissue. The CEST effect was shown to track with changes in material properties–as hydrogel macromer concentration was increased, the CEST contrast increased linearly. Furthermore, CEST MRI was used to detect hydrogels injected into cardiac explants with an increase in sig...
A new assessment for syndesmosis injury - The 'Chertsey test'.

Abstract Introduction If a syndesmosis injury is not detected, or not treated appropriately, it can lead to pain and arthritis. Various techniques have been described to look for the presence of a syndemosis injury. If concern is raised regarding malreduction, the most recognised way of checking accuracy of the reduction (of the fibula into the incisura) is bilateral postoperative ankle CT scans. This not only exposes the patient to further radiation, but can normally only be done once the surgery is completed and so if adjustment is needed, this requires a further operation, encompassing further surgical risks. We developed a simple assessment, which both gives accurate intra-operative demonstration of an injury to the syndesmosis and also can check how well the fibula has been reduced (if required), without the need for further radiological investigation or surgical intervention. The objectives were to test how easy it was to perform the test and apply it to a number of different ankle fractures. Methods Peri-operatively, 2–4 ml of contrast medium was injected into the ankle joint in cases where there was concern about injury to the syndesmosis. If there was a ‘positive’ test, and a ‘blush’ of dye leaked into the surrounding soft tissues, then fixation of the syndesmosis was performed (as per the surgeon's preferred technique). After fixation was completed, a further injection of contrast medium was injected to see if the fibular had been anatomically reduced into its incisura. The test was performed on 15 ankles. Results There were no difficulties in performing the test and no complications reported. The test clearly demonstrated where there had been an injury to the syndesmosis and also confirmed the accurate reduction of the fibula when there had been stabilisation of the syndesmosis. Conclusions It has proved to be an easy and reliable adjunct to ankle fixation surgery and may have further indications.
Nosocomial Infections in Children′s Hospital:A Long Term Study

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in children′s hospital.METHODS We performed a prospective and retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection.Data were collected from 2000 to 2007 in hospitalized cases.RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial infections was 3.43%,from then 40.27% were upper respiratory infections,28.94% of gastrointestinal infections,and 17.61%% bronchitis and pneumonia.The incidence had a tendency decreaseing P0.001).The departments with higher infection rate were Neurological 9.19% and Hematology 6.95% Departments.CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the incidence of nosocomial infections in childrens hospital which need for an effective and corresponding prevention interventions.
A phase I trial of radiotherapy and simultaneous 24-hour paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that tumor cells exposed to paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) for protracted periods (ie, 24 hours) and then irradiated undergo enhanced radiation-induced cell kill. Importantly, paclitaxel-induced tumor cell mitotic arrest at the time of radiation was associated with the enhanced cell kill. At the Case Western Reserve Cancer Center, we have conducted a phase I trial in 24 patients with either locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate the clinical and pharmacologic effects of a 24-hour paclitaxel infusion combined with radiotherapy. The maximum tolerated dose was or =75 mg/m2 achieved near steady-state mean paclitaxel plasma concentrations greatly exceeding the threshold concentrations shown to alter microtubule function and induce tumor cell mitotic arrest in vitro. Pharmacodynamic studies performed at 21 to 26 hours after initiation of infusion demonstrated that a dose of > or =75 mg/m2 uniformly induced tumor cell mitotic arrest and oral epithelial mitotic arrest. The pharmacologic data and outcome results provide a strong rationale for the continued use of a 24-hour paclitaxel infusion and concurrent radiation for the treatment of newly diagnosed, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an experimental setting.
Introduction: Bergson’s Phenomenological Reception: the Spirit of a Dialogue of Self-Resistance

It is curious that a philosopher who one phenomenologist, Sartre, admits ‘bowled’ him over and who another, Merleau-Ponty, acknowledges ‘bowled over philosophy’ would receive such scant attention from phenomenology — both in its emergence as the dominant discourse in continental philosophy and its persistence as such today.1 Despite Bergson’s immense popularity at the turn of the twentieth century, the French philosopher Peguy suggested as early as 1913 that his thought, or the fashionableness of it, was already in the process of dying. That is, it was clear that Bergson would leave behind no Bergsonian school; Bergson was dead, and European intellectuals had killed him, with a cultural Vice grip’ of sorts. Indeed, even ‘the enemies of [Bergson’s] enemies were ranged against him’: Radical thinkers found Bergson’s ‘spiritualist’ notion of freedom unsatisfying, while the Catholic Church indexed Bergson’s writings in 1913 charging that his notion of the elan vital allegedly mixed human consciousness with revelation and privileged prideful, self-determining virtue over humility and grace.2 Then began the period of the world wars, which for European intellectuals brought home the tragic dimension of human existence to which Bergson’s ‘optimistic’ thought could not present a plausible response. 3
A classification system of spontaneous spinal CSF leaks

Objective: Spontaneous spinal CSF leaks cause spontaneous intracranial hypotension but no systematic study of the different types of these CSF leaks has been reported. Based on our experience with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, we propose a classification system of spontaneous spinal CSF leaks. Methods: We reviewed the medical records, radiographic studies, operative notes, and any intraoperative photographs of a group of consecutive patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Results: The mean age of the 568 patients (373 [65.7%] women) was 45.7 years. Three types of CSF leak could be identified. Type 1 CSF leaks consisted of a dural tear (151 patients [26.6%]) and these were almost exclusively associated with an extradural CSF collection. Type 1a represented ventral CSF leaks (96%) and type 1b posterolateral CSF leaks (4%). Type 2 CSF leaks consisted of meningeal diverticula (240 patients [42.3%]) and were the source of an extradural CSF collection in 53 of these patients (22.1%). Type 2a represented simple diverticula (90.8%) and type 2b complex meningeal diverticula/dural ectasia (9.2%). Type 3 CSF leaks consisted of direct CSF-venous fistulas (14 patients [2.5%]) and these were not associated with extradural CSF collections. A total of 163 patients (28.7%) had an indeterminate type and extradural CSF collections were noted in 84 (51.5%) of these patients. Conclusions: We identified 3 types of spontaneous spinal CSF leak in this observational study: the dural tear, the meningeal diverticulum, and the CSF-venous fistula. These 3 types and the presence or absence of extradural CSF form the basis of a comprehensive classification system.
“No there is nothing wrong with your eyes, my letterhead is indeed crooked”: An introduction to the study of Black and Brown lesbian educators

To date, there is a noticeable lack of studies that focus exclusively on the pedagogical practices, teaching experiences, identity, and gender performances of Black and Brown lesbian educators (BBLE). This special issue of the Journal of Lesbian Studies aims to make the hyperinvisibility of BBLE visible and proposes to fill this scholarly gap by exploring this topic from a variety of cultural and disciplinary perspectives.
Jefferson in Paris: Rewriting the Problems of Slavery, Slaveholding, Family and Codependency

This essay, which originally appeared in M. Andrew Holowchak ed., Thomas Jefferson and Philosophy: Essays on the Philosophical Cast of Jefferson's Writings, 91-134 (2014), analyzes and assesses Jefferson's writings on the inter-relations of debt, slavery, slave holding and family during his time as U.S. Minister to France (1784-89). It argues that Jefferson's long term absence from Virginia and his immersion in European diplomatic, philosophical, and commercial circles allowed him to seriously engage and earnestly articulate visions of a post-slavery future that proved elusive and ultimately impossible once he returned to the United States and confronted stark reminders of his economic dependency on slavery and his political dependency on pro-slavery constituents. The paper also assesses and contextualizes Jefferson's connection to Sally Hemings, and argues that a long term relationship between the two likely did not begin until the mid 1790s in Virginia, but that Sally Hemings arrival in Paris in the company of Jefferson's younger daughter Maria could well have helped catalyze Jefferson's increasingly urgent efforts to rethink, recast and ultimately reason his way out of dependency on enslavement.
The Transformation of Philosophy

A revolution in philosophy took place in the middle of the period 1750–1850. This transformation, which affected virtually all of intellectual life down to the present, was simultaneously a change in the organizational base and in the intellectual style of philosophers. Not surprisingly, as a sociologist I will attempt to show that the change in social organization determined the change in intellectual contents.
Diacylglycerol Kinases in T Cell Tolerance and Effector Function.

Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that regulate the relative levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) in cells by phosphorylating DAG to produce PA. Both DAG and PA are important second messengers cascading T cell receptor (TCR) signal by recruiting multiple effector molecules such as RasGRP1, PKC, and mTOR. Studies have revealed important physiological functions of DGKs in the regulation of receptor signaling and the development and activation of immune cells. In this review, we will focus on recent progresses in our understanding of two DGK isoforms,  and , in CD8 T effector and memory cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, and invariant NKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation.
Dark matter

Abstract The evidence for the dark matter (DM) of the hot big bang cosmology is about as good as it gets in natural science. The exploration of its nature is now led by direct and indirect detection experiments, to be complemented by advances in the full range of cosmological tests, including judicious consideration of the rich phenomenology of galaxies. The results may confirm ideas about DM already under discussion. If we are lucky, we also will be surprised once again.
Hypomorphic Alleles of PU.1 Result in Impaired Myelopoiesis and Target Gene Expression.

PU.1 is an Ets-family transcription factor that is critical for normal hematopoiesis. Knock-out studies of PU.1 demonstrate that it is required for the development of myeloid and lymphoid cells. PU.1 is expressed at graded levels in the immune system, with higher expression in myeloid lineage cells. Previous research has suggested that differences in PU.1 concentration are involved in hematopoietic cell fate decisions. However, the mechanism by which target genes in developing cells sense and respond to different PU.1 concentrations is unknown. To address this question, we inserted a beta-lactamase reporter gene and a neomycin resistance cassette into the first coding exon of PU.1 . Mice homozygous for the targeted allele (PU.1 BN ), and an allele in which neomycin was removed (PU.1 BLAC ), had graded reductions in PU.1 expression and function. PU.1 BN/BN mice display a substantial reduction in fetal and neonatal myelopoiesis and are macrophage deficient, resulting in a failure of vascular regression in the developing eye. A fraction of these mice survive until weaning and have an accumulation of c-Kit-expressing immature myeloid cells in the spleen and bone marrow. In addition, these mice acquire a myelomonocytic infiltration in the retina and hyaloid vessels of the eye. Mice homozygous for the second allele (PU.1 BLAC/BLAC ) survive less than one week and have a severe reduction in PU.1 activity and a block to myeloid development. Fetal livers from both types of mice lack any discernable mature myeloid cells and demonstrate a graded reduction in colony forming ability. To determine if these two alleles have an effect on gene expression, we established IL-7-dependent pro-B cell lines or IL-3-dependent cell lines from these mice as well as from wild type or PU.1 null controls. We found that PU.1-dependent target genes in these cell lines are expressed in a graded manner. In particular, expression of the gene encoding the low-affinity IgG Fc receptor (FcγRIIb) is directly responsive to PU.1 activity. In summary, these results demonstrate the critical importance of an appropriate threshold of PU.1 activity for normal hematopoiesis. The hypomorphic PU.1 alleles provide an excellent model for determining the mechanism of graded PU.1 levels in hematopoiesis.
Polymer composites with photo-responsive phthalocyanine for patterning in color and fluorescence

Abstract Polymer composites containing stimuli responsive small molecules have been explored for various applications, including patterning and data storage. Phthalocyanines (Pc) have been widely synthesized and used as dyes, catalysts, and optical limiting materials, as well as active components in modern organic electronic devices. The solubility of Pcs and miscibility with a polymer matrix require the use of covalently attached alkyl side chains that rarely serve any other purpose than solubility. Herein we report a polymer composite with a novel cobalt (II) Pc dye with alkyl chains connected through a photolabile linker. The materials are synthesized using standard reactions and characterized by FTIR, MALDI, and absorption and emission spectroscopies. Upon UV irradiation in solution or in the polymer films, the alkyl groups are cleaved rendering the Pc core insoluble and turning on fluorescence of the small molecule byproduct. This observation is in direct contrast to treatment of similar Pc molecules that lack the photoresponsive group. PMMA and PDMS films are patterned with resolution down to 250 μm using only 0.1 wt% of our tailored Pc molecule. This work presents a fundamental method for patterning in polymer films by tuning the solubility, color, and fluorescence of a Pc based system and could ultimately be used for sensing, data storage, or pigmentation.
New Urbanism, Smart Growth and Green Buildings: The Impact of LEED Neighborhood Certification on Condo Prices

The US Green Building Council (USGBC) offers LEED certification for existing or new neighborhood developments that are in line with the new urbanism and smart growth concepts. We investigate whether LEED neighborhood certification 1) adds a premium to condo sales prices and 2) moderates the relationship of LEED building certification and sales prices. Using the Pearl District in Portland, Oregon as a laboratory and employing a second order spatio-temporal autoregressive model, we find no evidence that LEED neighborhood certification directly or indirectly affects sales prices. Our results suggest that, contrary to LEED building certification, LEED neighborhood certification fails to add value for condo buyers. We explain our findings with neighborhood delineation issues and the free rider problem as it relates to public goods. Interestingly, while condo buyers do not capitalize LEED neighborhood certification into sales prices, they appear to penalize the absence of it for condos in non-LEED certified buildings or neighborhoods in line with the dual factor theory. Our study has implications for developers and urban planners.
An Interview with Dr. C. Sue Carter

During the 51st American Dance Therapy Association conference keynote presentation, The Biochemistry of Love, Dr. C. Sue Carter, Executive Director of the Kinsey Institute, discussed the role of oxytocin and vasopressin in social behavior and attachment in humans. Post-conference, Dr. Carter spoke with this author in an audio-recorded interview, summarizing some of her talk and emphasizing how oxytocin and vasopressin interact in ways that help to understand the biological “dance of life.” This unique interdisciplinary collaboration aids the profession of dance/movement therapy in understanding the dance of connection through the biology of love and safety—an essential ingredient for healing and repair. This article is an edited transcription of the original audio.
Dialogue on Racism, a Prologue to Action?:

An account is given of the efforts and the process of a staff involved in achieving an honest appraisal of disparities between ideals and accomplishments
Nutritional Considerations for the Management of Hypertension

Control of blood pressure mandates lifestyle changes. Weight loss and maintenance of weight loss are key to success. Diet plays an important role in blood pressure control. Data suggest that increasing fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and reducing sodium are key dietary approaches to reduce risk.
New Interoperable Web Tools to Facilitate Decision-Making to Support Community Sustainability

The US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program (SHCRP) is building on past decision-support efforts and expanding the scope and accessibility of available tools to empower decision-makers ranging from individuals up to national policymakers to move towards sustainability goals. Initially, the SHCRP is integrating a National Atlas of Ecosystem Services (developed in ESRI’s ArcServer application for geographical information analysis) with the Regional Vulnerability Assessment (ReVA) Program’s Environmental Decision Toolkit (EDT) that focuses on analysis of multiple stresses (e.g., air pollution, land-use change) with multiple resources (e.g., habitat, drinking water supplies) (developed in the SPlus statistical application) for prioritizing protection, mitigation, and restoration actions. Future plans for the interoperable suite of tools include the incorporation of the use of social media to identify issues and solutions, as well as potential connections among different communities.
Perturbation Facilitated Oodr Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the a3∑u+ State of Li2 and Na2

In the past, perturbations in diatomic molecules have been used to gain information about the positions of potential energy curves and electronic properties of states not directly seen in a simple fluorescence or absorption spectrum. This is typically done through the analysis of shifts in the position of main lines and the assignment of “extra” lines.1 Recent work in our laboratory has focused on taking advantage of perturbations in a somewhat new way. Levels that are superpositions of singlet and triplet electronic states due to spin-orbit mixing are used as “stepping stones” in an optical-optical double resonance scheme to access triplet manifolds of states that cannot be directly excited from the molecule’s singlet ground state. Two-photon excitation spectroscopy of triplet Rydberg states in Na2 and Li2, using this scheme, has already resulted in the identification of many high lying states,2–4 providing rigorous experimental tests of recent ab initio calculations.
Skew-Product Dynamical Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the skew-product dynamical systems. The skew-product flow is the appropriate setting for studying many of the qualitative properties of nonautonomous ordinary differential equations, functional differential equations, finite difference equations, and mappings of manifolds. Its appropriateness derives from the fact that many important questions can be treated within the framework of the dynamics of compact spaces while retaining a setting in which one's geometric intuition can freely play a role. For functional differential equations of retarded type, one considers the product space C X Y, where C is the Banach space of continuous functions from [−r, 0] to Rn with the sup norm and Y a space of functional ƒ: R × C → Rn. Even when ƒ satisfies conditions guaranteeing uniqueness and continuation to the positive reals of a bounded solution, it may still be the case that such a solution cannot be extended to the negative reals.
The learning curve for performing three-column osteotomies in adult spinal deformity patients: one surgeon's experience with 197 cases.

ABSTRACT Background Context Three-column osteotomy (3CO) is used to correct rigid adult spinal deformity. It presents risk of complications because it involves extensive osseous resection and spinal destabilization. Purpose Our purpose was to characterize the learning curve for performing 3CO in adult spinal deformity patients. Design Retrospective review. Patient Sample A surgical registry at a tertiary care center was used to identify 238 cases of 3CO for correction of adult spinal deformity by 1 surgeon between 2005 and 2014. Patients with at least 1 year of clinical and radiographic follow-up were included (n = 197) (mean duration of follow-up, 43 months; range, 12–121). Outcome Measures We quantified associations between surgeon experience and 1) estimated blood loss per vertebral level fused (EBL/VLF), 2) incidence of new neurologic deficits, 3) incidence of reoperation for instrumentation failure, 4) operative time in minutes, and 5) magnitude of correction at the level of the osteotomy. Methods The learning curve for binary outcomes was demonstrated using a LOWESS smoother plot of the probability of occurrence. Change in risk was calculated using a generalized linear model with link identity and binomial family. The learning curve for continuous variables was demonstrated using a scatter plot and a line of best fit based on linear regression analysis. Alpha = 0.05. Results EBL/VLF decreased by a mean of 19.7 mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.3–28.1) with each 10 cases (decrease of 388 mL/level fused by the end of the study period). The risk of a neurologic deficit declined by 7.98% (95% CI: 7.98%, 7.99%) with every 100 cases. The risk of reoperation declined by 1.99% (95% CI: 0.83%, 3.17%) with every 10 cases until the 100th case. After that point, there was no significant change in the probability of reoperation (p > 0.05). The magnitude of correction and operative time did not change with increasing surgeon experience (p > 0.05). Conclusion Incidence of reoperation for instrumentation failure, incidence of new neurological deficits, and estimated blood loss improved with increasing surgeon experience at performing 3CO. Most outcomes, except the risk of reoperation, improved through the last case.