cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Web-Spinning Caterpillar Stalks Snails

Moths and butterflies compose one of the most diverse insect orders, but they are overwhelmingly herbivorous. Less than 0.2% are specialized predators, indicating that lepidopteran feeding habits are highly constrained. We report a Hawaiian caterpillar that specializes on snails, a unique food source requiring an unusual feeding strategy. The caterpillar uses silk to restrain live prey. All caterpillars have silk glands, but none are known to use silk in this spiderlike fashion. Considering the canalization of caterpillar diets, evolution to attack and feed on snails is an anomaly. Hawaii s isolation and consequently disharmonic biota likely promote evolutionary experiments that occur nowhere else.
Multigrid computation of vector potentials

In this paper we analyze the use of edge finite elements and the multigrid method to approximate the problem of computing a static magnetic field in a cavity. We show how the mixed finite element discrete problem may be reformulated as a symmetric positive-definite system. This involves the proof of a discrete analogue of the second kind Friedrichs' inequality. Then we show how the multigrid method may be applied to compute the magnetic vector potential. The difficulty here is that the bilinear forms on different meshes are not related in the standard way. Two different intergrid transfer operators are defined in the paper for the multigrid method. The convergence theory and the numerical tests include both algorithms.
A strict test in climate modeling with spectrally resolved radiances: GCM simulation versus AIRS observations

discrepancies in the water vapor v2 (1300–1650 cm 1 ) and carbon dioxide v2 (650–720 cm 1 ) bands are consistent with the model biases in atmospheric temperature and water vapor. The existence of radiance biases of opposite signs in different spectral regions suggests that a seemingly good agreement of the model’s broadband longwave flux with observations may be due to a fortuitous cancellation of spectral errors. Moreover, an examination of the diurnal difference spectrum indicates pronounced biases in the model-simulated diurnal hydrologic cycle over the tropical oceans, a feature seen to occur in other GCMs as well. Citation: Huang, Y., V. Ramaswamy, X. Huang, Q. Fu, and C. Bardeen (2007), A strict test in climate modeling with spectrally resolved radiances: GCM simulation versus AIRS observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24707, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL031409.
Transpacific sections at 47°N and 152°W: distribution of properties

Abstract Three CTD/hydrographic sections with closely-spaced stations were occupied between May 1984 and May 1987, primarily in the subpolar North Pacific. Vertical sections of CTD quantities, oxygen and nutrients are presented. Upper water properties suggest that the Subarctic Front is located south of the subtropical/subpolar gyre boundary at 152°W, that there is leakage of North Pacific Intermediate Water from the subtropical to the subpolar gyre in the eastern Pacific, and verify the poleward shift of the subtropical gyre center with depth. At intermediate depths (1000–2000 m), a separation between the western and eastern parts of the subpolar gyre is found at 180° along 47°N. Abyssal waters are oldest in the northeast, with primary sources indicated at the western boundary and north of the Hawaiian Ridge. Properties and geostrophic velocity from detailed crossings of the boundary trenches suggest that flow in the bottom of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench at the western boundary at 42°N and 47°N is northward. Very narrow boundary layers at intermediate depths are revealed in silica, as well as in the dynamical properties, at both the western and northern boundaries, and probably reflect southward and westward flow.
Turbine Environmental Behavior in LM2500 Applications

A comparison is made among turbine vanes operated on a gas line pumper with natural gas fuel, and on two ship propulsion engines using liquid fuels. The metallographic assessment of turbine parts and a knowledge of service operating conditions offer clues to survivability in aggressive and benign environments.Copyright © 1976 by ASME
Extra Credit and Peer Tutoring: Impact on the Quality of Writing in Introductory Psychology in an Open Admissions College

Students were assigned a five-page research paper on a topic in psychology. In-class instruction in library skills was provided early in the course. Assistance with content-specific writing skills was made available, using extra credit incentives on a voluntary or involuntary basis outside of class, by staff consultants from the library and peers from the tutorial and writing centers. The quality of the final paper was evaluated on a 4-point scale. Students who consulted got higher paper grades, and there was a significant positive correlation between the number of consultations and the final paper grade, whether the consultations were voluntary or involuntary. Prior grade point average (GPA) also predicted paper grades.
A stochastic control problem in the two-sphere

A control problem is formulated and solved for a stochastic system that evolves in the unit sphere in Euclidean three space. The cost functional depends on the system state only by its Riemannian distance from a point called the origin. An explicit optimal control is obtained by expressing the cost as a squared term in the control from which the optimal control and the optimal cost follow directly.
Pattern inventories associated with symmetry classes of tensors

Abstract An extension of Polya's Theorem inventories the sequence set corresponding to an induced basis in a higher degree symmetry class of tensors.
Diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases by a modified open kidney biopsy technique

Percutaneous needle biopsy has evolved into a relatively safe and effective method for diagnosing renal abnormalities. When performed by experienced physicians, the success rate ranges between 80 and 95% with a complication rate of 5 to 10% [1,2]. This method, however, is not appropriate for all patients. There are some clinical situations which are considered absolute or relative contraindications to this procedure. A percutaneous biopsy is not performed if the patient has severe hypertension, very small or extremely mobile kidneys, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, bleeding disorders, a solitary kidney, or another congenital anomaly. Relatively contraindications include severe uremia and an uncooperative patient [3, 4]. In addition to these contraindications, a small percentage of the percutaneous biopsies fail to obtain sufficient tissue for establishing a diagnosis [4, 5].
Security at the Expense of Liberty: A Test of Predictions Deriving From the Culture of Control Thesis

In The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society, David Garland linked contemporary crime control policies and welfare reforms to a cultural formation that he termed the “crime complex of late modernity.” According to Garland, once established, the crime complex exerts a contemporaneous effect on public views about both criminal justice and the welfare state, increasing popular support for security measures as well as more restrictive public assistance policies. Although Garland’s thesis has featured prominently in scholarship on crime and punishment, few empirical studies have tested the specific predictions that underlie his arguments. To address this research gap, this study uses public opinion data to assess the extent to which key dimensions of the crime complex are associated with public views about criminal justice policies and welfare reforms that emphasize security and control. The results support several of the theoretical underpinnings of Garland’s thesis. The authors d...
Karyotypic variation in Mesoamerican races of maize and its systematic significance

McClintock, Kalo Y., and Blumenschein reported the occurrence of abnormal chromosome 10, B chromosomes, and chromosomal knobs of various sizes in more than 300 accessions of maize, representing most of the ca. 40 races indigenous to Mexico, Guatemala, and Central America. In the present paper, their data were first transformed into frequencies and then subjected to principal component and cluster analyses. Variational patterns in chromosomal characteristics often were congruent with other lines of systematic evidence and suggested the existence of several karyotypic groups. The highland karyotypic groups (Guatemalan Big Grain and Mexican Pyramidal) were relatively well defined, but the lower elevation Tux-peno, Reventador, and Dzit Bacal groups were more diffuse. The systematic relationships of several problematic races, some of which were native to intermediate elevations, were clarified. Individual bivariate correlations between the frequency of particular karyotypic features and altitude confirmed the association between these variables that was reported previously.
Specific sequence effects in the serial reaction time task.

ABSTRACT The Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task was used in 2 experiments to determine if the specific sequence used by the task influences implicit learning. In Experiment 1, participants performed the SRT task with the locations of the stimuli determined by a commonly used fixed sequence (taken from P. J. Reber & L. R. Squire, 1998), by a fixed sequence that was uniquely generated for each participant, or at random. Experiment 2 used the same basic design, but the random condition was changed so that each possible transition between responses was seen the same number of times, making it more comparable to the fixed-sequence conditions. Results from both experiments indicate that the specific sequence used in the SRT task influences the strength of implicit learning effects. Follow-up analyses show that the strength of implicit learning can be linked to the presence of particular types of triads within the sequence. The authors suggest that future researchers should not use on a single fixed sequence across...
The impact of experience on prices and profits in experimental duopoly markets

Abstract Experimental posted price duopoly markets, wherein differentiated products were sold under conditions of incomplete information, were designed to explore the impact of experience on prices and profits. Two types of markets were run simultaneously. One type involved participants with previous experience in similar markets, while the other involved inexperienced subjects facing the same pricing decisions as their experienced counterparts. Probit analysis of the resulting data indicated significant relationships between experience and achieving equilibria predicted by tacit collusion. The results reinforce the growing realization that experience may be an important consideration in experimental tests of static market equilibria models.
Submicron Proximity Correction By The Fourier Precompensation Method

The Fourier and Haar transforms have been successfully employed to produce fast, efficient proximity correction calculations for electron beam lithography. The Fourier transform is used in a precompensation operation that generates a nearly exact solution to the proximity problem. The Haar transform is used to thin or reduce the size of the extremely accurate but large corrected database that results. The methodology here constitutes a signal processing or transform oriented approach to proximity correction. It has the advantage that fast digital hardware is commercially available for making accelerated computations. Detailed computer generated simulations and experimental results are presented for four different test patterns. The critical lithography features are nested gaps between large features and isolated lines and squares ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 μm. The Fourier precompensation proximity correction approach successfully preserves the fidelity of these features as well as all other features in the test patterns.
Doubly negative metamaterials with subwavelength unit cells in visible and near infrared

A doubly negative metamaterial that can be tuned to operate in the visible and near infrared spectra, comprises deeply subwavelength periodic unit cells, and can be manufactured easily is presented. The underlying physics is elucidated.
High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy of the Ã2B2–X̃2A1 and B̃2B1–X̃2A1 Systems of SrNH2

Abstract The 0 0 0 bands of the A 2 B 2 – X 2 A 1 and B 2 B 1 – X 2 A 1 systems of SrNH 2 were observed at Doppler-limited resolution using a Broida oven source and laser-induced fluorescence detection. A full rotational analysis of both transitions was performed including K a levels up to 5 and J levels up to 55. The B 2 B 1 state was found to be extensively perturbed and only some of the subbands could be analyzed. The A 2 B 2 and B 2 B 1 states undergo a strong Coriolis-type interaction which results in extremely large spin–rotation splittings in both states, effectively splitting all levels with K a ′ ≠ 0 into two well-separated spin components.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of Lactose-Negative Mutants from Streptococcus lactis C2 Defective in the Phosphotransferase System

Abstract Development of strains of dairy streptococci that improve or control rate of lactic acid production would be of value in dairy fermentations. However, improvement of the ability of dairy starter cultures to metabolize lactose has been limited because of inability to examine and characterize these plasmidlinked genes. A study was initiated to define further the genetic and enzymatic basis of lactose utilization of Streptococcus lactis C2. Lactose-negative mutants were isolated by ultraviolet irradiation or ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis from a C2 strain in which genes for lactose utilization had become integrated into the chromosome. Mutants were examined for phospho- β -galactosidase activity and for their ability to accumulate [carbon-14] thiomethyl- β -D-galactoside. Selected mutants were tested for enzyme complementation by Staphylococcus aureus mutants with known specific defects in lactose-utilizing enzymes. Genetic complementation via transduction between lactose-negative derivatives to yield lactose-positive recombinants also was obtained. Lactose-negative mutants missing only the lactose-specific Enzyme II lac (EII lac ) or Factor III lac (FIII lac ) were identified. A mutant that retained the lactose-negative phenotype, even though it possessed EII lac , FIII lac , and phospho- β -galactosidase activities, was isolated. Single site mutations in these lactose-negative variants were supported by the observation that full lactose-fermenting revertants were obtainable from each of the three types.
On the inhibitory action of mersalyl on microsomal drug oxidation: a rigid organization of the electron transport chain.

Abstract The organic mercurial, mersalyl, causes a 50% inhibition of TPNH-cytochrome c reductase activity, TPNH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity, and ethylmorphine N -demethylation in rat liver microsomes at concentrations of about 25 mμmoles/mg microsomal protein. The K i (mersalyl) proved to be independent of whether the overall hydroxylation activity was enhanced by the addition of DPNH, or an increased ionic strength; or was inhibited by carbon monoxide. Mersalyl, at a concentration of 25 mμmoles/mg protein, caused no extensive conversion of cytochrome P-450 to P-420. Studies on the pattern of inhibition suggest a rigid electron-transport system linking a single molecule of TPNH-cytochrome c reductase to a number of molecules of cytochrome P-450 contained within a multicomponent complex and that reducing equivalents can be transferred only within a single enzyme complex with no demonstrable electron transfer interactions between the components of different complexes.
Pontryagin's principle for problems with isoperimetric constraints and problems with inequality terminal constraints: Reply

Necessary conditions are derived for optimal control problems subject to isoperimetric constraints and for optimal control problems with inequality constraints at the terminal time. The conditions are derived by transforming the problem into the standard form of optimal control problems and then using Pontryagin's principle.
Thyroid hormone and cortisol concentrations after congenital heart surgery in infants younger than 3 months of age.

Purpose To investigate associations between thyroid hormone and cortisol concentrations after cardiac surgery and postoperative intensive care course.
Tidal drawdown: A mechanism for producing cyclic sediment laminations in glaciomarine deltas

A process for generating sediment laminations by tide-controlled storage and release of delta-plain sediment is described, using data from two glacier-fed deltas in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Intertidal mudflats and lower channel reaches store fluvial bed load and suspended load when the lower delta plain is flooded, which occurs periodically during spring intervals and continuously during neap intervals. Spring lower low tides expose the channel mouths at the delta lip and the entire delta plain, which causes abrupt transport pulses of stored sediment into the basin. Each pulse and ensuing flood tide forms a coarse and fine laminated couplet in the fjord-head basin. Neap-generated deposits are either structureless or faintly laminated.
Moving ahead or falling behind? Volunteer promotion and data collection

Substantial efforts have been expended to promote civic engagement during the 1990s and early 2000s. Yet as significant as volunteerism is economically, socially, and philosophically to the United States, surprisingly little in the way of longitudinal research has been carried out to assess the impact of these promotional activities. Few areas of civic engagement offer reliable trend data. We examine the available data in three areas: individual volunteering, volunteering to stipended government programs, and employee volunteering. We find modest but steady increases in volunteer numbers in all three areas, but point out numerous methodological problems that limit the reliability of present longitudinal data. We conclude by calling for a renewed financial investment in national volunteering surveys with a broader focus than current efforts.
The astrocyte in multiple sclerosis revisited.

Among the constituent cell types of the multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque, the astrocyte has been the least considered as a player in the pathogenesis of the lesion. Traditionally, it has been assigned a secondary scarring role with little or no role in lesion formation or repair. However, the recent upsurge of interest in the demyelinating condition neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has resulted in NMO being identified as the first disease of myelin in which primary damage to astrocytes, resulting from a humoral immune response that forms against the water channel aquaporin-4, has been documented. This finding in NMO prompted us to re-examine data and material from cases of MS displaying active lesions. Our reappraisal revealed unambiguous early damage to perivascular astrocyte end-feet and to hypertrophic astrocytes in the adjacent parenchyma, but whether this was a primary event was difficult to evaluate due to concomitant edema and inflammation in these acute lesions. The astrocyte damage was long-lasting since resolving lesions displaying remyelination also showed defects in the integrity of the astrocytic covering around blood vessels. Analysis of our findings and of the astrocytic literature supports multiple roles for the astrocyte in the evolution of changes encountered in MS depending upon lesion stage and lesion topography. At variance with the somewhat inhibitory role of the astrocyte is the abundant and growing evidence for this cell to actively participate in both lesion development and repair. We propose that the unequivocal selective early involvement of the astrocyte in MS lesions may have therapeutic relevance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coupling between neighboring two-dimensional modes of water waves

We consider two-dimensional waves in a rectangular container which is periodically excited along its length in the horizontal direction. In general a standing wave of odd mode number whose frequency is close to the forcing frequency is excited. However, we show in this paper that the neighboring even mode, though not directly excited, may be excited through an energy transfer from the odd mode. As a result, the wave response becomes superposition of two standing waves which are not in general in phase with each other. Consequently the mixed-mode wave motion is not standing waves but traveling waves. We employ a perturbation method to derive amplitude equations governing the dynamics of these two modes. Studies of the steady-state solutions and their stability lead to bifurcation diagrams showing the sequences of the events leading to the instability and the parameters for which the standing waves become unstable.
Interrelations of Oxygen Concentration, Fish Density, and Performance of Atlantic Salmon in an Ozonated Water Reuse System

Abstract In a 16-week study, we stocked duplicate groups of 3.3-g Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in 25-fish increments (25 to 100 fish/6.5-L jar) and in 250-fish increments (250 to 1,000 fish/144-L trough), in an ozonated, 100% closed water reuse system, to examine changes in fish performance in response to rearing at different densities and loadings within the system. Maximum rearing density (kg!m3) reached 219 in jars and 125 in troughs. Maximum loading (ratio of fish weight to water flow) reached 0.45 kg/(L/min) in jars, and 0.79 kg/(L/min) in troughs. A rise in water temperature from 18.9 to 21°C during weeks 11 and 12 was accompanied by a drop in effluent dissolved oxygen (DO), followed by an increase in mortality and a decline in biweekly weight gain. Later declines in water temperature to 18.4°C, and reductions in biomass, were followed by reduced mortality and increased weight gain. In both jars and troughs, mortality increased when dissolved oxygen dropped to 6.5 mg/L or lower, water temperature r...
Chromosome fibers studied by a spreading technique.

Chromosomes and interphase nuclei can be spread on the surface of water in a simplified Langmuir trough. Interphase nuclei of Triturus erythrocytes display fibers with a diameter of about 250–300 A. Very similar fibers are seen in metaphase chromosomes of cultured human cells. Fibers from grasshopper spermatocyte chromosomes (prophase) are more variable in diameter, and many fibers thinner than 200 A extend laterally from the chromosome. In the grasshopper spermatocyte, fibers align in parallel to form plates. It is suggested that the 250–300 A fibers may represent an inactive state of the chromosome material, and that only the thinner fibers are involved in RNA synthesis. The 250–300 A fibers may result from the folding or coiling of a thinner fiber having the approximate dimensions of the nucleohistone molecule.
Tsunami deposits: A broader perspective

Tsunami Sedimentology and Its Role in Hazard Awareness, Preparedness, Assessment, and Mitigation; San Francisco, California, 2–3 December 2011 Tsunami sediments are recorders of recent and past tsunamis. While studies of recent tsunamis document erosional and depositional features created during tsunami inundation, the exploration of prehistoric (paleo-) tsunami deposits poses a more complex problem due to uncertainties introduced by incomplete preservation and incomplete knowledge of environmental conditions at the time. A better understanding of sedimentary processes governing deposit generation will improve our ability to employ paleotsunami deposits as tools to reconstruct prehistoric tsunami characteristics.
Some thoughts on a possible relationship between known gene dosage effects and neoplastic transformation.

Abstract An unbalanced gene load resulting from viral infection, oncogenic chemicals, or ionizing radiation can include excess regulatory genes which produce an increased concentration of repressors and thereby cause a decreased production of some regulated proteins. If these proteins are involved in the feedback loop for mitotic inhibition or in the maintainance of cell membrane properties needed to maintain the intracellular concentration of mitotic inhibitor, then their loss or decreased production as a result of the unbalanced gene load can lead to the loss of control over cell growth. A discussion of known gene dosage effects which support the model described above is given.
Nitrous oxide in fresh water systems - An estimate for the yield of atmospheric N2O associated with disposal of human waste

The N2O content of waters in the Potomac and Merrimack Rivers was measured on a number of occasions over the period April to July 1977. The concentrations of dissolved N2O exceeded those which would apply in equilibrium with air by factors ranging from about 46 in the Potomac to 1.2 in the Merrimack. Highest concentrations of dissolved N2O were associated with sewage discharges from the vicinity of Washington, D. C., and analysis indicates a relatively high yield, 1.3 to 11%, for prompt conversion of waste nitrogen to N2O. Measurements of dissolved N2O in fresh water ponds near Boston demonstrated that aquatic systems provide both strong sources and sinks for atmospheric N2O.
Successful pregnancy outcome after complicated varicella pneumonia.

Abstract Background: Maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality associated with varicella pneumonia in the peripartum period are increased further with multiple complications. Case: The patient had varicella pneumonitis acquired at 32 weeks’ gestation and complicated by bacterial superinfection, adult respiratory distress syndrome, endotoxin shock, and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Conclusion: Aggressive, timely management of respiratory failure, control of infection, correction of endotoxin shock, treatment of biopsy-proven bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, and obstetric intervention for fetal compromise produced a good outcome for mother and infant.
Detection of Chlorides in Concrete Using Low Radio Frequencies

Chloride intrusion into reinforced portland cement concrete (PCC) is of special interest to researchers due to chloride's action as a catalyst and accelerator of PCC reinforcing-steel corrosion. The authors conducted experiments to study the effect of chloride contamination of PCC on its complex permittivity over low radio frequencies (RF) range (0.1-40.1 MHz). Quartzite and limestone were the aggregates used to prepare the PCC mixes at a water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.45. Partial immersion in NaCl solution and the addition of NaCl to the PCC mixing water were the two methods used to induce chlorides into PCC. For the NaCl addition to the mixing water, three levels of chloride contents were used. Dielectric measurements were recorded for PCC specimens during the 28-day curing period and continued for 6 months. Powder PCC samples were gathered occasionally to estimate the chloride content in the PCC specimens. Findings indicate that complex permittivity of PCC specimens increased quantitatively as the chloride content increased, until quantitatively 75 percent of the chloride content estimated theoretical saturation volume. Aggregate type and frequency also significantly impacted on the measured dielectric constant.
Physical attractiveness and personality among American college students.

Summary On the basis of substantial evidence that physical attractiveness produces differential social-evaluative treatment from the environment, attractiveness-related differences in selected personality variables were examined in 141 college men and women. All were reliably rated on physical attractiveness and completed measures of locus of control, success-failure expectations, psychological masculinity and femininity, and affective traits. Among males, attractiveness was marginally to moderately predictive of greater self-perceived androgyny, internality, success expectancies, and lower anxiety and depression. Among females, attractiveness was related only to masculinity self-concept to a slight extent. The influences of attractiveness for men and women are discussed in the context of sex roles, social relations, and personality.
Quantitative Analysis of the Contribution of TCR/pepMHC Affinity and CD8 to T Cell Activation

The relative roles of CD8, TCR:pepMHC affinity, and TCR:pepMHC dissociation rate in T cell activation have remained controversial. To determine the relationships among these factors, we used T cells transfected with normal and in vitro engineered alphabeta TCRs, in the presence or absence of CD8. The TCRs exhibited a wide range of affinities (K(D) values of 80 microM to 5 nM). T cells with the highest affinity TCRs were efficiently stimulated by peptide, with or without CD8. In contrast, CD8 was required for T cells that expressed TCRs with affinities typical of syngeneic reactions (K(D) values above approximately 3 microM). The results suggest that virtually all normal syngeneic interactions require CD8, which enhances peptide sensitivity by one million-fold or more.
Distributed map and lmmse estimation of random signals using ad hoc wireless sensor networks with noisy links

Distributed estimation of random parameter vector is dealt with using ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The decentralized estimation problem is cast as the solution of multiple convex optimization subproblems and the alternating direction method of multipliers is employed to derive algorithms which can be decomposed into a set of simpler tasks suitable for distributed implementation. Different from existing alternatives, the novel approach does not require knowing the desired estimator in closed-form as is generally the case with the maximum a posteriori estimator (MAP). In addition, a priori information is accounted for and sensor observations are allowed to be correlated. The resulting algorithms converge to the centralized estimators under ideal channel links, while they exhibit noise robustness provably established for the distributed linear minimum mean-square error estimator (LMMSE).
CAMPAIGN: an open-source library of GPU-accelerated data clustering algorithms.

Motivation: Data clustering techniques are an essential component of a good data analysis toolbox. Many current bioinformatics applications are inherently compute-intense and work with very large datasets. Sequential algorithms are inadequate for providing the necessary performance. For this reason, we have created Clustering Algorithms for Massively Parallel Architectures, Including GPU Nodes (CAMPAIGN), a central resource for data clustering algorithms and tools that are implemented specifically for execution on massively parallel processing architectures. Results: CAMPAIGN is a library of data clustering algorithms and tools, written in ‘C for CUDA’ for Nvidia GPUs. The library provides up to two orders of magnitude speed-up over respective CPU-based clustering algorithms and is intended as an open-source resource. New modules from the community will be accepted into the library and the layout of it is such that it can easily be extended to promising future platforms such as OpenCL. Availability: Releases of the CAMPAIGN library are freely available for download under the LGPL from https://simtk.org /home/campaign. Source code can also be obtained through anonymous subversion access as described on https://simtk.org /scm/?group_id=453. Contact: kjk33@cantab.net
The Meaning of Work: Studs Terkel’s Working as a Teaching Tool:

Studs Terkel explores the motivation to work in his classic book Working, compiling more than 100 interviews of workers across America. The author has found Working to be a useful vehicle for exploring organizational issues and for confronting students with the realities of the workplace. Terkel’s interviews are honest, earthy, seasoned with experience, and, oftentimes, brutally frank. The insights captured by Terkel’s interviews possess the ability to captivate students and to attach meaning to management concepts. This article discusses the author’s use of Working as a teaching tool and students’ reactions to the book and corresponding assignments.
Design and Implementation of a Network Aware Object-based Tape Device

Data storage requirements have constantly evolved over time. In recent times, the rate of increase in volume of data has been exponential, partly because of regulations and partly because of increase in richness of data. This trend has led to an equally explosive increase in cost of management. Intelligent storage devices built using object- based storage (OSD) interfaces have gained increased acceptance due to the benefits of reduced management costs. The command set of the current OSD standard does not work well with tape-based storage solutions. In this work we propose a few extensions to the OSD standard in order to facilitate easier integration of tape devices into the object storage ecosystem. Further, we propose an intelligent buffering mechanism to maximize the utility of network attached tape devices, and we also propose mechanisms to make tape cartridges more portable within any object storage ecosystem. Our results for the intelligent buffering mechanism show that our scheme adapts better to mismatches in network and tape drive bandwidths. Specifically, our scheme helps minimize the repositioning of the tape, leading to better utilization and increased lifetime of the tape.
Individualized developmental care in a Dutch NICU: short‐term clinical outcome

Aim: To compare the short-term clinical outcomes of Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP®) and conventional care. Methods: A prospective phase-lag cohort study was performed in a Dutch tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Infants born before 30 weeks of gestational age (GA) were included, 26 in the conventional and 25 in the NIDCAP group. Outcomes were respiratory status, cerebral ultrasound findings, growth and length of NICU stay. Results: At study entry, NIDCAP infants had a lower birth weight (mean [SD]: 1043 [191] vs. 1154 [174] g, p = 0.044), were more often small for GA (8 vs. 2, p = 0.038), had smaller head circumferences (mean [SD]: 25.1 [1.3] vs. 26.1 [1.8] cm, p = 0.041) and were less often multiples (6 vs. 14, p = 0.029) than conventional care infants. During NICU stay, more infants in the NIDCAP group developed pneumonia (9 vs. 3, p = 0.040) due to nosocomial infections. After adjustment for these differences, a decreased risk for more severe cerebral damage in favour of NIDCAP was seen (Odds ratio: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03–0.46, p = 0.002). No differences were observed for the other outcomes. Conclusions: We conclude with precaution that in this phase-lag cohort study NIDCAP may have resulted in less severe cerebral damage, but was not associated with other clinical outcomes. In light of these findings, NIDCAP deserves further exploration.
Circumscribed Time and Porous Time: Logics as a Way of Studying Temporality

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a temporal logic to characterize sets of organizing principles that perpetuate particular orientations to the lived experience of time. We identify a dominant temporal logic, circumscribed time, which has legitimated time as chunkable, single-purpose, linear, and ownable. We juxtapose this logic with the temporal experiences of participants in three ethnographic datasets to identify a set of alternative understandings of time -- that it is also spectral, mosaic, rhythmic, and obligated. We call this understanding porous time. We posit porous time as an expansion of circumscribed time in order to provoke reflection on how temporal logics underpin the ways that people orient to each other, research and design technologies, and normalize visions of success in contemporary life.
An Automated MALDI Mass Spectrometry Approach for Optimizing Cyclosporin Extraction and Quantitation

A combinatorial extraction method and an automated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry procedure were used to improve the clinical analysis of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin extracts from whole blood were analyzed by MALDI and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, allowing for their identification and quantification. Due to limitations associated with the current multistep cyclosporin extraction procedure from whole blood, a combinatorial approach was devised to optimize this extraction. Optimization was performed by generating an array of solvent systems to be used for extraction from blood, and an automated analysis was carried out on a MALDI mass spectrometer to identify successful extractions. The first generation of experiments revealed four binary solvent systems to be effective for cyclosporin extraction (hexane/EtOH, ACN/H2O, ACN/MeOH, and hexane/CHCl3). A new array based on these solvent systems was generated, and a second iterat...
Members of the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex are required for maintaining proper nuclear envelope structure and pore complex localization.

The assembly, distribution, and functional integrity of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the nuclear envelope (NE) are key determinants in the nuclear periphery architecture. However, the mechanisms controlling proper NPC and NE structure are not fully defined. We used two different genetic screening approaches to identify Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with defects in NPC localization. The first approach examined green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Nic96 in 531 strains from the yeast Tet-promoters Hughes Collection with individual essential genes expressed from a doxycycline-regulated promoter (TetO7-orf). Under repressive conditions, depletion of the protein encoded by 44 TetO7-orf strains resulted in mislocalized GFP-Nic96. These included STH1, RSC4, RSC8, RSC9, RSC58, ARP7, and ARP9, each encoding components of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex. Second, a temperature-sensitive sth1-F793S (npa18-1) mutant was identified in an independent genetic screen for NPC assembly (npa) mutants. NPC mislocalization in the RSC mutants required new protein synthesis and ongoing transcription, confirming that lack of global transcription did not underlie the phenotypes. Electron microscopy studies showed significantly altered NEs and nuclear morphology, with coincident cytoplasmic membrane sheet accumulation. Strikingly, increasing membrane fluidity with benzyl alcohol treatment prevented the sth1-F793S NE structural defects and NPC mislocalization. We speculate that NE structure is functionally linked to proper chromatin architecture.
Prevention of Premature Oviposition and Shell-Less Eggs with Ephedrine

Abstract Neuromimetic drugs affect retention of the egg within the uterus of the hen, (Weiss and Sturkie, 1952). Ephedrine, the sympathomimetic drug employed by these investigators, causes a delay in oviposition for as much as 36 hours in some cases. This report describes a case in which the drug was used to prevent premature oviposition in one hen that consistently laid eggs without shells. The blood calcium of this hen was found to be 28 mg./l00 ml., which is normal (Polin, 1955). Time of oviposition for four of the eggs was found to be between the hours of 4 to 8 p.m. or soon after the egg reaches the uterus. Ephedrine sulfate was administered to the hen subcutaneously, in a sesame oil and water emulsion (70/30, vol./vol.) on two separate occasions, about one week apart. At first, 75 mg. of ephedrine sulfate were administered when a soft egg was palpated in …
Coca and Cocaine in Peru: An International Policy Assessment

Using part of a set of ethnographic data gathered over a 5-year period on the political economy of cocaine in Peru, the study examines the impact of coca and cocaine on the social and economic policies of Peru. Before assessing the Peruvian government's role in international drug policy, the article briefly surveys the traditional use of coca and production, trafficking, and abuse of cocaine within the context of a much larger national problem. The paper concludes with a critical evaluation of the limited investment in crop substitution and eradication programs supported by the American government. [Translations are provided; see International Abstracts at the end of this issue.]
How Forbes 200 Companies Create and use Mission Statements

Small publicly-held firms included on the Forbes 200 list were surveyed to determine their usage of mission statements. Survey results reveal that most of these firms have developed mission statements, which usually include main company purposes, key business objectives, company identity, and other guiding principles. Most of the mission statements result from a group effort, although less than half of the firms formally seek employee input in the development process. CEOs are generally pleased with the results yielded by their mission statements, giving highest marks for providing direction to managers and helping employees focus. The lowest mark is given to improving employee morale, suggesting that more work is needed to help mission statements foster a sense of mission. Effective mission statements include/our major steps: (a) development, (b) distribution, (c) integration, and (d) evaluation. This article provides guidelines for each of these steps.
Moving From Dumb To Smart Classrooms: Technology Options And Implementation Issues

What are “Smart Classrooms” and why do we need them? What technology components are necessary for a smart classroom, and what are the implementation challenges?
International outsourcing, terms of trade and non-immiserization

This paper investigates the ramifications of international outsourcing for an outsourcing country. It shows that for a small country which is a price taker in the world market, outsourcing occurring in any traded-good sector is welfare-enhancing. For a large country with monopsony power in the world market, outsourcing occurring in the exportable (importable) sector entails pro-trade (anti-trade) effect and deteriorates (improves) the terms of trade weakening (strengthening) the welfare effect — however, outsourcing cannot be immiserizing in any case. These findings are considered vis-a-vis China's outsourcing with its major trading partners including US, EU, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and Hong Kong.
From phased array to holographic radar

A new radar system named holographic radar is proposed in this paper. The new radar records the transmission pattern of the electromagnetic wave instead of the directed amplitude and phase information from individual target, which is utilized by the traditional electronic scanning radar. The recorded pattern can then be studied for target detection or for radar imaging. The advantages of the new radar system are multi-folds: a. the receiver elements do not need to be synchronized in sampling, b. radar system can resolve the ranges of interested targets using a single frequency waveform instead of a wide bandwidth signal, and c. the single frequency waveform reduces the complexity of the microwave circuits which build up the radar system.
Criminal Deportation, Post-Conviction Relief and the Lost Cause of Uniformity

Non-citizens can be deported from the United States for a very wide array of criminal offenses, including fairly minor crimes. Further, federal immigration law does not depend upon state criminal processes to define when a non-citizen is convicted of an offense, but uses its own broad definition of conviction. The result in many cases is an unexpected charge of deportation against a non-citizen after he or she has pleaded guilty or no contest or entered into some deferred adjudication program in a state criminal proceeding. With limited or non-existent opportunities for avoiding deportation at the federal level, non-citizens will turn to the state courts to amend or alter the criminal record through post-conviction relief. In response the federal administrative agencies and courts have become entangled in determining when such post-conviction relief should be recognized as eliminating the criminal conviction for immigration purposes. The rule that has emerged requires a showing that the state court provided post-conviction relief to address some substantive or procedural defect in the underlying criminal processes. If the state court altered or amended the criminal record solely to avoid immigration consequences, the federal authorities will ignore it for immigration purposes.This article will critique the current distinction between post-conviction relief that is effective for eliminating grounds for deportation and relief that is not effective. The policy reasons for creating the distinction are rooted in Congress’s desire to have uniformity in the treatment of criminal behavior for deportation purposes and to prevent state judges and prosecutors from defeating federal immigration policy by providing ameliorative relief through changes to the criminal record. However, a review of cases before the federal administrative agencies and the federal courts demonstrates that neither of these goals are being met. There are significant disparities in the substantive and procedural criminal laws of the fifty one criminal systems in the United States that generates nonuniformity in the treatment of criminal conduct. Further, state judges and prosecutors continue to exercise their power in these systems to allow non-citizens to avoid the immigration consequences when it appears deportation is an unexpected and unjust result.To respond to the problems of nonuniformity and state judge and prosecutor involvement in immigration matters, this article proposes two alternative solutions for Congress. First, Congress could eliminate some of the more minor criminal grounds for deportation and restore flexibility to the federal immigration authorities to decide whether deportation is appropriate given the circumstances of the case. If Congress wants to retain these broad grounds for deportation, then it ought to give up the policy goal of uniformityand rely upon states to determine when a non-citizen has been finally convicted of an offense. Either of these approaches will mitigate the unduly harsh system that currently operates.
PSS Parameter Optimization and Field Test of Taishan Pumped-storage Generating Units

Phase-frequency characteristics of excitation system are tested on site. The parameters of PSS are designed based on the principle of phase compensation. Using two methods of on-site test and simulation, the validity of generator PSS is validated in pumping and generating modes.
Over the river, through the woods: cognitive maps in the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex.

Recent studies have attributed surprisingly similar functional roles to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus. Evidence is presented that both the OFC and hippocampus contribute to 'cognitive mapping', and it is suggested that future work should focus on understanding the functional interactions between these structures. The hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) both have important roles in cognitive processes such as learning, memory and decision making. Nevertheless, research on the OFC and hippocampus has proceeded largely independently, and little consideration has been given to the importance of interactions between these structures. Here, evidence is reviewed that the hippocampus and OFC encode parallel, but interactive, cognitive 'maps' that capture complex relationships between cues, actions, outcomes and other features of the environment. A better understanding of the interactions between the OFC and hippocampus is important for understanding the neural bases of flexible, goal-directed decision making.
Linking Service-Learning With Sense of Belonging A Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for Heritage Students of Spanish

A growing number of colleges and universities in the United States offer Spanish classes intended to meet specific needs of heritage speakers. In predominantly White institutions, beyond the langua...