cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patients with Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndromes (t-MDS) Have Shorter Median Overall Survival Than De Novo MDS: Mayo Clinic Experience

Background: MDS is a clonal bone marrow disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with peripheral blood cytopenias and an increased risk for transformation to acute leukemia. Patients with MDS who have a history of prior exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are called therapy-related MDS (t-MDS). We hereby describe our experience with this entity and compare it to our experience with de novo MDS patients. Aim: To study the differences of clinical outcome between t-MDS and de novo MDS patients. Method: A retrospective single institution study chart review of cases with MDS at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1993- 2011 was performed. De novo MDS, t-MDS and leukemic transformation (LT) were defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (Swerdlow et al 2008). Prior exposures to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/ or both were defined as t-MDS; while lack of any as de novo MDS. Appropriate IRB approval was obtained in accordance with the Helsinki declaration. Comparison between group medians was done using Wilcoxon test, comparison between values was done using contingency and One-way analyses (Means/Anova/Pooled t), while survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves JMP V10 Results: Out of 827 patients with MDS, 153 (19%) patients were t-MDS (group (Gr) 1) versus 674 (81%) (rest of patients, Gr 2). Out of the t-MDS, 79 (52%) pts had CTX, and 42 (27%) had XRT, and 32 (21%) pts had both CTX/XRT). Upon comparison between Gr 1 vs 2, statistical significant difference was seen in median age 69 vs 72 (p=0.01), Platelets 68 vs 114 x109( Upon comparison between Gr 1 and 2, median time to AML transformation was 7.9 vs 13 months (p=0.08). Median overall survival (mOS) was shorter in Gr 1 vs 2 at 16 vs 34 months (P Conclusion: T-MDS comprises a small portion of all MDS cases (19%). Median overall survival in the de novo MDS group was longer than t-MDS group; however this difference was not maintained in patients with diploid cytogenetics. Similarly, time to AML was longer in de novo MDS compared to t-MDS (although similar rates of incidence). All of age, IPSS-R and t-MDS did affect median OS on multivariate analysis. Disclosures Al-Kali:Celgene: Research Funding.
Analyzing the Rising Labor Force Participation Rates Among Female Youth of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is experiencing large increases in the working age population, and proper utilization of this population can help it further develop its economy. The female laborforce participation (LFP) of Bangladesh, at 33 percent, is much lower when compared to male LFP (82 percent). However, further disaggregation indicates a spectacular growth of LFP rate among females aged 20-29 between 1999 and 2013. We thus study the reasons behind it by looking at the 1999 and 2013 Laborforce Surveys (LFS) of Bangladesh. We run logit regressions to study the factors that can affect LFP of a female youth in 1999 and 2013 respectively. We find that the 2013 cohort of female youth is much more educated than their 1999 counterpart. Marriage used to reduce LFP of women in 1999, but by 2013, we find that there is no significant difference between LFP of married and unmarried women. However, the Blinder-Oaxaca (1973) decompositions show that much of the increase can be explained by the more favorable coefficients of the regression, showing that Bangladeshi society, both in urban and rural areas, has a more favorable outlook to allow female youth to offer themselves for employment.
Conformation-selective resonant photoelectron imaging from dipole-bound states of cold 3-hydroxyphenoxide

We report a photoelectron imaging and photodetachment study of cryogenically cooled 3-hydroxyphenoxide (3HOP) anions, m-HO(C6H4)O−. In a previous preliminary study, two conformations of the cold 3HOP anions with different dipole bound states were observed [D. L. Huang et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 2153 (2015)]. Five near-threshold vibrational resonances were revealed in the photodetachment spectrum from the dipole-bound excited states of the two conformations. Here, we report a more extensive investigation of the two conformers with observation of thirty above-threshold vibrational resonances in a wide spectral range between 18 850 and 19 920 cm−1 (∼1000 cm−1 above the detachment thresholds). By tuning the detachment laser to the vibrational resonances in the photodetachment spectrum, high-resolution conformation-selective resonant photoelectron images are obtained. Using information of the autodetachment channels and theoretical vibrational frequencies, we are able to assign the resonant peaks in the p...
Architecting to Deliver Value From a Big Data and Hybrid Cloud Architecture

Abstract Big data and analytics, particularly when combined with the use of cloud-based deployments, can transform the operation of an organization – increasing innovation, improving time to value and decision-making. However, an organization only derives value from data and analytics when (1) the collection of big data is organized, systematic and automated and (2) the use of data and analytic insight is embedded in the organization's day-to-day operation. Often the ambition of a big data and analytics solution requires data to flow freely across an organization. This can be in direct conflict with the organization's political and process silos that exist to partition the work of the organization into manageable chunks of function and responsibility. Thus the architecture of a big data solution must accommodate the realities within the organization to ensure sufficient value is realized by all of the stakeholders that are needed to enable this data interchange. Through examples of architectures for big data and analytics solutions, we explain how the scope of a big data solution can affect its architecture and the additional components necessary when a big data solution needs to span multiple organization silos.
Sustainable Application of Quarry Byproducts Mixed with Large Size Unconventional Aggregates for Improved Performance

With recent focus on sustainable construction practices and the ever-increasing transportation costs and scarcity of natural resources, integration of large-size unconventional and marginally acceptable aggregates, such as quarry by-products (QB), and making their routine use in construction specifications is becoming imperative. In this study, the stability of large-size aggregates is increased by adding QB as sand- and smaller-sized particles to fill up the voids. Adding QBs is expected to increase density and provide stability for better aggregate interlock, and therefore, to increase the subgrade strength and eventually improve the road’s rutting performance. In order to determine the appropriate weight mix ratio of the large-size aggregates and the fine QB materials, a steel box with dimensions 610 mm by 610 mm by 533 mm was built to assess the packing of the two materials. One of the sides of the box was designed to have a transparent Plexiglas that enabled observation of the QB percolation into the voids of the large-sized aggregates, which were added in multiple lifts. The QB materials were then evenly spread on the surface of each lift and compacted with a laboratory-sized roller compactor. Different mix ratios, support conditions, and moisture contents of the QBs were investigated. The study concluded that 25% QB by the dry weight of the large aggregates is an appropriate amount to be used for both one- and two-lift construction practices of this composite weak subgrade replacement aggregate material, i.e., aggregate subgrade, in the field. The laboratory results will be implemented in the field by constructing test sections for unpaved construction platform and asphalt-paved low volume road applications and monitoring them for rutting performance using an accelerated pavement testing device.
Institutional Care Environments for Infants and Young Children in Latin America and the Caribbean

Although accurate estimates are difficult to obtain, there are a great many vulnerable children in Latin America and the Caribbean, and institutionalization is a traditional means of caring for children without parental care. Currently efforts are being made to revise child welfare systems in the region, emphasizing deinstitutionalization and family care alternatives. The world literature justifies this strategy and shows that traditional institutions for infants and young children are often socially-emotionally depriving and neglectful environments and resident children display poor physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development. A review of the few empirical studies of such institutions in Latin America has produced similar findings. However, interventions within institutions fostering warm, sensitive, and responsive caregiver-child interactions and changes in the environment to support such interactions have produced substantial improvements in resident children’s development in Latin America and elsewhere. Improvements in child welfare systems should emphasize comprehensive family support practices and family alternatives to institutionalization and guidelines are provided in this chapter, but institutions also should be improved as long as children reside there so the new systems support all vulnerable children.
Studying the interactive effects of menthol and nicotine among youth: An examination using e-cigarettes

Abstract Background Tobacco products containing menthol are widely used by youth. We used e-cigarettes to conduct an experimental evaluation of the independent and interactive effects of menthol and nicotine among youth. Procedures Pilot chemosensory experiments with fourteen e-cigarette users identified low (barely perceptible, 0.5%) and high (similar to commercial e-liquid, 3.5%) menthol concentrations. Sixty e-cigarette users were randomized to a nicotine concentration (0 mg/ml, 6 mg/ml, 12 mg/ml) and participated in 3 laboratory sessions. During each session, they received their assigned nicotine concentration, along with one of three menthol concentrations in random counterbalanced order across sessions (0, 0.5%, 3.5%), and participated in three fixed-dose, and an ad-lib, puffing period. Urinary menthol glucuronide and salivary nicotine levels validated menthol and nicotine exposure. We examined changes in e-cigarette liking/wanting and taste, coolness, stimulant effects, nicotine withdrawal and ad-lib use. Results Overall, the high concentration of menthol (3.5%) significantly increased e-cigarette liking/wanting relative to no menthol (p Conclusions Menthol, even at very low doses, alters the appeal of e-cigarettes among youth. Further, menthol enhances positive rewarding effects of high nicotine-containing e-cigarettes among youth.
Children in the Sleep Center: A Case Series

Over a 6-year period, a university-based sleep center evaluated 152 children, of whom 117 had sleep studies. Three quarters of the patients were sent with a specific request to be evaluated for possible sleep apnea; other reasons included sleepiness, insomnia, snoring, sleepwalking, and seizures. In the entire case series, two thirds were found to have sleep apnea, which in 52% of patients was obstructive, and half of all patients were ultimately referred for otolaryngologic consultation. Among the remaining patients, a wide range of disorders was found, including narcolepsy, periodic leg movement disorder, parasomnias, and limit-setting sleep disorders. The variety of pathologies seen emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in dealing with pediatric sleep disorders.
Chern-Simons (Super) Gravity and E8 Yang-Mills from a Clifford Algebra Gauge Theory

It is shown why the E8 Yang-Mills can be constructed from a Cl(16) algebra Gauge Theory and why the 11D Chern-Simons (Super) Gravity theory is a very small sector of a more fundamental theory based on a Cl(11) algebra Gauge theory. These results may shed some light into the origins behind the hidden E8 symmetry of 11D Supergravity and reveal more important features of a Clifford-algebraic structure underlying M, F theory.
Bioabsorbable Materials in Revision Sinus Surgery

• A spectrum of absorbable biomaterials is available for revision endoscopic sinus surgery.
Management implications of fish trap effectiveness in adjacent coral reef and gorgonian habitats

A combination of visual census and trap sampling in St. John, USVI indicated that traps performed better in gorgonian habitat than in adjacent coral reef habitat. Although most families were seen more commonly in coral habitat, they were caught more often in gorgonian areas. Traps probably fished more effectively in gorgonian habitats, especially for migrating species, because traps provided shelter in the relatively topographically uniform environment of gorgonian dominated habitats. Recently, trap fishermen on St. John have been moving effort away from traditionally fished nearshore coral reefs and into a variety of more homogeneous habitats such as gorgonian habitat. Consequently, exploitation rates of the already over-harvested reef fish resources may be increasing. Reef fish managers and marine reserve designers should consider limiting trap fishing in gorgonian habitats to slow the decline of reef fisheries.
Chapter 10 – Osteocyte Biology

Osteocytes are defined as cells embedded in the mineralized bone matrix and compose over 90% to 95% of all bone cells. They are regularly dispersed throughout the mineralized matrix, connected to each other and cells on the bone surface through slender, cytoplasmic processes radiating in all directions but generally perpendicular to the bone surface. The cell processes or dendrites pass through the bone in thin canals, called canaliculi, which connect osteocytes with cells on the bone surface. These cells are defined by their location, not by their function as is the case for osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This lack of a functional definition implies a lack of knowledge of function. Since this chapter was first written in 2005, a virtual explosion of data regarding osteocyte function has occurred within the last 6 years. Previously the major function of osteocytes was thought to be to translate mechanical strain into biochemical signals between osteocytes and cells on the bone surface to affect (re)modeling. Osteocytes are thought to respond to mechanical strain to send signals of resorption or formation. Not only do these cells communicate with each other and with cells on the bone surface but their dendritic processes are in contact with the bone marrow. Multiple connections through the tips of their dendritic processes imply that osteocytes function as “communicators”. Not only do these cells function as mechanosensors, communicators, and orchestrators of bone modeling and remodeling, but also as regulators of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and function as endocrine cells sending signals to distant tissues. These cells have proven to be multifunctional as outlined in this chapter.
PrEP Eligibility and Interest Among Clinic- and Community-Recruited Young Black Women in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Background Atlanta has been identified as an HIV "hot spot" for Black women and ranks 5th in the US with new infections. Yet little is known about PrEP eligibility or interest among young Black women in Atlanta. Methods A convenience sample of 1,261 Black women (ages 14-24 years) were recruited from two settings: community venues and sexual health clinics. They provided self-reported sexual behavior data and specimens for laboratory testing for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) infections. For each woman, the number of key self-reported behavioral HIV risk factors was calculated (0-6 factors for the clinic sample, 0-3 factors for the community sample). A single item assessed PrEP interest in the community sample only. Results Bacterial STI positivity, an indicator for PrEP eligibility, was 20.5% (17.1% CT, 6.3% GC) and 20.9% (18.8% CT, 5.2% GC) for the clinic and community samples, respectively. Of the 144 STI positive women from the clinic sample, 20.1% reported no behavioral risk indicators and 47.2% reported > 2 behavioral indicators. Of the 117 STI positive women from the community sample, 21.4% reported no behavioral risk indicators. 60.7% of the community sample reported they would be likely or very likely to use PrEP if available. Conclusion Young Black women in Atlanta, whether sampled from community or sexual health settings, are at substantial risk for HIV infection and meet several PrEP eligibility criteria. Scaling up PrEP among women in Atlanta could have significant implications for HIV in this high burden region.
Pancrelipase-Induced Hypersensitivity Reaction: Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction Drug-induced exanthems are commonly associated with NSAIDs, antibiotics, and anti-epileptics. Pancrelipase is frequently used for conditions resulting in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Published case reports of pancrelipase hypersensitivity focus on the respiratory manifestations. Case Report Here we report a case of skin hypersensitivity resulting from pancrelipase use. To further assess this association, we used a Naranjo nomogram, which determines the likelihood that an adverse drug reaction is the result of the drug itself. Our patient had a score of seven, suggesting our patient had a probably adverse drug reaction. Discussion As pancrelipase is a commonly prescribed drug, clinicians should be aware of the potential hypersensitivity skin reactions associated with pancrelipase.
Role of Adverse Events in Unscheduled Hospitalizations Among Patients With Solid Tumors Who Receive Medical Oncology Treatment.

PURPOSE:The development of strategies to prevent or mitigate cancer treatment–related adverse events (AEs) is necessary to improve patient experience, safety, and cost containment. To develop a str...
Research within physical oceanography and submarine geology at the Scripps Institution of oceanography during April 1939 to April 1940

Emphasis will again be placed on the activities within the fields of submarine geology and physical and chemical oceanography, although researches within the biological fields cover the greater part of the work at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The compilation and discussions of field-data and the studies in the laboratory have been greatly facilitated by assistance obtained from the Works Progress Administration Project No. 665-07-3-141. As previously, the sediments-laboratory has made a large number of mechanical and partial chemical analyses of sediment-samples in the collections of the Scripps Institution. In approximately 50 cores collected on the 1939 cruise of the vessel E. W. Scripps to the Gulf of California the particle-size distribution and contents of calcium carbonate, organic nitrogen, water, and chloride have been determined at a series of ten or more depths within each core. Likewise, representative portions of the sediment-samples collected in 1938 under the direction of F. P. Shepard have been analyzed, together with cores collected during the present year off the Lower California coast and in southern California waters by Revelle. The analytical work has been supported in part by a grant from the Geological Society of America and by other funds from outside sources, while the making of such a large number of analyses has been possibly only because of technical assistance supplied by the Works Progress Administration.
Risk of progression of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features to a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the risk of developing a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD) after an initial diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who were evaluated at Columbia University Irving Medical Center from 2009 to 2017. We divided patients with idiopathic ILD into two groups: those who met IPAF criteria and those who did not meet IPAF criteria at initial ILD diagnosis. We examined the association between IPAF and diagnosis of ARD during the follow-up period using a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model. Results Of the 697 patients with ILD who were screened, 174 met inclusion criteria (50 met IPAF criteria and 124 did not). During a median follow-up period of 5.2 years, 16% (8/50) of subjects with IPAF were diagnosed with an ARD compared with 1.6% (2/124) of subjects without IPAF (P = 0.001). Adjusting for age, sex, smoking status and use of immunosuppressive therapy, the odds of progressing to an ARD were 14 times higher in subjects with IPAF than in those without IPAF (odds ratio 14.18, 95% CI 1.44-138.95, P = 0.02). Conclusion The presence of IPAF confers an increased risk of developing an ARD. Patients with IPAF should therefore be followed closely for the development of an ARD.
A bioeconomic model for estimating potential economic damages from a hypothetical Asian beetle introduced via future trade with Cuba

Although present United States (U.S.) policy restricts very nearly all Cuban commercial exports to the U.S., there is potential for the restrictions to be relaxed or perhaps even lifted at some point in the future. In light of the potential increased trade with Cuba, the potential arrival of invasive species such as bark beetles and ambrosia beetles—particularly from Asia via Cuban imports—could represent a serious threat for the southern U.S. forestlands. We develop a bioeconomic model that estimates potential economic damages to southern pine forests caused by the hypothetical introduction of an unknown Asian bark or ambrosia beetle via future trade with Cuba for the study period 2018–2050. We examine individual policies and combinations of them that could be considered in response to this hypothetical situation. Using the pre-revolution Cuban level of imports, the economic damages in absence of “any policy or management action” could reach $2.44 million ($76,250/year). These damages could be reduced to between $469,000 ($14,656/year) and $1.02 million ($31,875/year) if a risk mitigation policy (forest thinning) were implemented. When prevention polices are considered as the baseline, the risk mitigation policy (combined with prevention) is again observed to be the dominant policy. The differences between the various combinations with respect to the prevention policy are relatively minor ranging between $856,000 ($26,750/year) and $1.30 million ($40,635/year). These findings should be interpreted with caution given the limited amount of empirical data and policy assumptions, but they nonetheless can inform policy choices related to trade, pests, and Cuba.
Cryogenic and temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy of metal complexes

Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) coupled with electrospray ionisation (ESI) has been proven to be a powerful gas-phase spectroscopic tool for characterising electronic structures, ch...
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in 15 Patients

Background. Clear cell chondrosarcoma (CCC) represents less than 6% of all chondrosarcomas, and thus, our understanding of this rare entity is limited. Analyzing clinical characteristics and treatment patterns, thus increasing our knowledge, may improve treatment strategy. We review our institutional experience with 15 patients, including one case with dedifferentiation. Methods. A retrospective review was conducted in CCC patients treated at our institution from 1996 to 2015, with at least 2-year follow-up. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed. Results. Of 19 patients identified, 15 patients had at least 2-year follow-up and were included. The median age at diagnosis was 43 years. 80% were male. The most common presenting signs were pain (12 patients; 80%) and fracture (2 patients; 13.3%). The most common site was proximal femur (8 patients; 53%). All patients had MSTS Stage I disease. Primary treatment included wide resection in 10 patients (67%) and intralesional or marginal resection in 5 patients (33%). Three patients died of disease during the study period, 1 with dedifferentiation of recurrent CCC. The median time to death from disease was 15.3 years (95% CI: (14.2; NA)). The median time to either recurrence or death was 7.73 years for patients who had intralesional/marginal resection and 16.44 years for patients with wide resection (HR (wide vs. intralesional/marginal) = 0.21, 95% CI: (0.04; 1.18), ). The median time to recurrence or death was significantly shorter for patients not initially treated at a sarcoma center ( ). Conclusions. CCC is a rare entity, and our understanding of it is still evolving. We observed a higher recurrence rate for intralesional or marginal resection, and wide resection alone remains the mainstay of treatment. Better outcomes were observed in patients initially treated by trained musculoskeletal oncologists. Due to the propensity of CCC to recur decades after initial resection, lifelong surveillance is recommended.
Risk Factors for Adverse Events in Children Receiving Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) can decrease length of hospital stay but is associated with adverse events (AEs). The purpose of this study was to quantify and identify risk factors for OPAT-associated AEs in children. METHODS: Retrospective single-center study of children ≤21 years old discharged on OPAT from January 2016 to April 2019 with infectious diseases follow-up. Demographic and clinical factors and medication and central venous catheter (CVC)–associated AEs were assessed through chart review. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among 181 OPAT courses, an AE occurred in 70 (39%). Medication AEs occurred in 30 of 181 courses (16.6%). Children residing in an urban area had a 4.5 times higher risk of having a medication-related AE compared with those in a rural area (odds ratio: 4.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.60–12.77; P = .005). CVC AEs occurred in 47 of 181 courses (26%). Every additional day of OPAT increased the odds of having a CVC-related AE by 4% (odds ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.07; P = .003). Twenty (11.1%) courses resulted in readmission to the hospital because of an AE. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, 39% of children experienced an OPAT-associated AE, and CVC AEs were more common than medication AEs. Longer duration of intravenous therapy and urban residence were independently associated with OPAT-associated AEs, highlighting the importance of converting to oral antibiotic therapy as soon as feasible to reduce OPAT-associated AEs.
Hayek, Arrow, and the problems of democratic decision-making

Both Hayek and Arrow provide arguments about the inability of the vote process to yield a coherent social choice. Hayek demonstrated that planning is incompatible with democracy; its coherence requires dictatorship. Arrow demonstrated that voting fails to produce rational social choices; social rationality can be assured only when there is a single will. In both, the substitution of a single will for the many wills is ruled as incompatible with a free society. Because market socialism relies upon either the existence of a meaningful, stable social welfare function or democratic decision-making to allocate resources, the complimentary arguments of Hayek and Arrow imply that market socialism requires dictatorship to achieve coherence. * Peter J. Boettke is Professor of Economics at George Mason University, Deputy Director of the James M. Buchanan Center for Political Economy, Senior Research Fellow at the Mercatus Center, and Faculty Director of the Mercatus Center’s Global Prosperity Initiative. Peter T. Leeson is a Mercatus Center Social Change Graduate Fellow, and a PhD student in Economics at George Mason University. The ideas presented in this research are the authors' and do not represent official positions of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. W OR KI NG P AP ER Hayek, Arrow, and the Problems of Democratic Decision-Making* Abstract: Both Hayek and Arrow provide arguments about the inability of the vote process to yield a coherent social choice. Hayek demonstrated that planning is incompatible with democracy; its coherence requires dictatorship. Arrow demonstrated that voting fails to produce rational social choices; social rationality can be assured only when there is a single will. In both, the substitution of a single will for the many wills is ruled as incompatible with a free society. Because market socialism relies upon either the existence of a meaningful, stable social welfare function or democratic decision-making to allocate resources, the complimentary arguments of Hayek and Arrow imply that market socialism requires dictatorship to achieve coherence.
Decomposition methods for solving Markov decision processes with multiple models of the parameters

We consider the problem of decision-making in Markov decision processes (MDPs) when the reward or transition probability parameters are not known with certainty. We study an approach in which the d...
Bleeding and Thrombosis

Cancer can lead to both bleeding and thrombosis. Bleeding can be due to the characteristics of the cancer – especially common in hematological malignancies – or due to antineoplastic treatment. Often treatment of the underlying neoplasm also lessens the bleeding issues. Thrombosis and cancer is a classic association. Newer data shows the direct oral anticoagulants can be an effective and simple therapy.
Does Phenomenology (Still) Matter? Three Phenomenological Traditions and Sociological Theory

Phenomenology has played an important role in the development of sociological theory. While modern phenomenology’s origins lie in the seminal work of Edmund Husserl, the perspective has, however, never operated as a unified school or system of thought. This article reviews three major traditions of phenomenology: phenomenology as existential philosophy, phenomenology as hermeneutics of being, and social phenomenology. It contrasts the largely extraneous influence of the first two phenomenological traditions on social theorizing with the more intrinsic relationship between social phenomenology and the development of sociological theory in the USA. Then, the article discusses the latter relationship in the context of the intellectual role of the transmitter of the social phenomenological tradition to the USA, Alfred Schutz. In spite of its historical importance, in contemporary social theory, phenomenology is described at best as marginal and at worst as irrelevant and outdated. The article highlights the costs of phenomenology’s exclusion by engaging in a counter-reading of Schutz against canonical representations of his work. There is a continued relevance for social phenomenology to social and cultural theorizing that grounds its objects in the phenomenal and reflexive encounter with the life world.
A Retrospective Review of Communication Evaluation Practices of Young Latinx Children

A retrospective review of initial early intervention and early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) evaluation reports was completed to identify practices specific to the evaluation of Latinx chil...
Expanding the spectrum of thyroid carcinoma with somatic DICER1 mutation: a survey of 829 thyroid carcinomas using MSK-IMPACT next-generation sequencing platform.

DICER1 gene encodes an RNaseIII endoribonuclease essential for the cleavage of pre-microRNA to mature microRNA. Germline DICER1 mutation results in DICER syndrome, a cancer predisposition syndrome which manifests in the thyroid gland as early-onset multinodular goiter and increased risk for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Recently, somatic DICER1 mutations were described in various thyroid neoplasms, including follicular adenoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we identified and described 14 cases (1.7%) with somatic DICER1 mutations from a cohort of 829 patients with thyroid follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas which were sequenced using MSK-IMPACT targeted next-generation sequencing platform. We expanded the histologic spectrum of thyroid carcinomas with somatic DICER1 mutations to include Hurthle cell carcinoma, high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. All patients were adults with a median age of diagnosis of 59 years (range: 22–82). Although rare, a subset of thyroid cancers, including the aggressive subtypes, display somatic DICER1 mutations, some of which have oncogenic potential.
Western civilization in world history

Western civilization and world history are often seen as different, or even mutually exclusive, routes into historical studies. This volume shows that they can be successfully linked, providing a tool to see each subject in the context of the other, identifying influences and connections. Western Civilization in World History takes up the recent debates about the merits of the well-established 'Western civ' approach versus the newer field of world history. Peter N. Stearns outlines key aspects of Western civilization - often assumed rather than analyzed - and reviews them in a global context.
The plasma lipoproteins.

Publisher Summary Plasma lipoproteins are the macromolecular complexes with reproducible lipid-protein ratios and stability in aqueous solutions. This chapter describes the classification of the plasma lipoproteins, molecular properties of apolipoproteins, molecular organization of lipoprotein particles, and lipoprotein metabolism. The chapter focuses critically on the recent advances in the field of lipoprotein structure and metabolism. Significant advances about the knowledge of the primary structure and molecular properties of several of the apolipoproteins have been observed. The realization that a number of apolipoproteins undergo self-association provides important, as well as fascinating, insight into the molecular properties of this unique group of proteins. Studies on the synthesis, catabolism, and metabolic interrelationships of plasma lipoproteins provide a number of insights into lipoprotein metabolism, including the precursor-product relationship of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)-low density lipoproteins (LDL), the peripheral metabolism of lipoprotein particles, as well as the metabolic and molecular defect(s) in patients with disorders of lipid metabolism. Current information on plasma lipoproteins, despite rapid advances in the field, must be regarded as preliminary. However, the availability of current techniques and knowledge of lipoprotein structure and metabolism will undoubtedly provide the necessary background required for the major progress in the knowledge of plasma lipoproteins.
Evaluating the Local Ratio Algorithm for Dynamic Storage Allocation

We empirically compare the local ratio algorithm for the profit maximization version of the dynamic storage allocation problem against various greedy algorithms. Our main conclusion is that, at least on our input distributions, the local ratio algorithms performed worse on average than the more naive greedy algorithms.
Seasonal contribution of dewfall to mercury deposition determined using a micrometeorological technique and dew chemistry

[1] Deposition of mercury (Hg) to dew is thought to influence the diurnal dynamics of Hg species in the near-surface air, yet this depositional pathway is not well characterized and is seldom accounted for in Hg budgets. This study quantifies Hg deposition to dew on a seasonal basis at a high-elevation meadow in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, and compares these rates with those for wet deposition and other forms of dry deposition. Dew samples were collected on a surrogate surface and analyzed for Hg concentrations (ng L−1), and dew depths (mm) were calculated using a micrometeorological approach based on the surface energy budget over 1 week period during each of the four seasons. Concentrations of Hg in dew (mean: 5.57 ng L−1) were lower than those observed in precipitation (mean weekly composite samples: 8.80 ng L−1). When dew deposition was scaled to the seasonal and annual levels, Hg deposition in dew was estimated to be 2–3 orders of magnitude smaller than wet deposition (estimated annual Hg deposition to dew/frost: ~120 ng m−2; 2008 annual precipitation deposition: ~12400 ng m−2). This disparity is attributed to the much lower dewfall amounts. Rates of Hg accumulation in dew were not related to gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in the atmosphere nor were they related to measured GEM fluxes. They were, however, found to be similar to independently estimated rates of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate mercury (Hgp) deposition during the nighttime, suggesting that dew scavenges GOM and HgP from the atmosphere at the study site.
Use of partial exchange transfusion preoperatively in patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies

Sickle cell anemia and other severe sickle cell disorders (hemoglobin SC and hemoglobin S-thalassemia) are known to complicate surgical procedures in susceptible patients. Although transfusions have been used preoperatively to increase the packed cell volume, we have recently used the method of partial exchange transfusion in the treatment of patients with these disorders in the preoperative period. Forty-two patients with significant sickle cell hemoglobinopathies underwent operative procedures on various surgical services. The goal was to obtain a hemoglobin A percentage of 40 or above in each case, and this required 480 to 1,150 c.c. of buffy coat poor washed red cells (mean 820 c.c.). The number of complications in the intraoperative and postoperative period in this study was compared to those found in the literature. There was a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality rates noted with the use of these transfusions. There appeared to be a great advantage on a cost-benefit ratio, as well as an improvement in the physiologic state of the patient. Although the results of this study show significant improvement over previous investigations, there are many facets unknown concerning the use of this modality under these and other conditions. Therefore, further investigation of this method and restriction of the method of Level III referral centers is advocated until enough patients have been studied to assess the long- and short-term complications of the procedure.
Selenium deficiency and human disease

The beneficial role of selenium became apparent in the 1950’s, when it was shown to prevent a variety of diseases in animals, often when these animals were already exhibiting vitamin E deficiency. In humans, there are several examples of disease that can be attributed to selenium deficiency, and for some, the ultimate causal relationship has been established by the demonstration that symptoms can be alleviated with selenium supplementation of the at risk population. This is true both in cases where diseases associated with selenium deficiency are endemic in areas of low selenium consumption, such as Keshan disease, Keshin-Beck disease and myxedematous cretinism, as well as in circumstances where selenium deficiency results from other pre-existing health conditions. The consequences of too little dietary selenium can be considered in the context of the decline of specific selenium-containing proteins, many of which have only recently been identified.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Strategy and Human Resource Management Practices among Small Businesses

Although it has been asserted that an organization's strategy is, or should be, a major determinant of its human resource management practices, little empirical research has addressed this linkage in small businesses. Therefore, we do not know whether managers of small firms have devoted resources to design, implement, and support human resource management practices that are aligned with firm strategy. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the nature and extent of the relationship, if any, between strategy and human resource management practices among small businesses. The results offer little evidence of a consistent relationship. This suggests that an opportunity to build future competitive advantage may be realized through strategically managing human resources.
Mommy, Who Is My Doctor?

Mommy, who is my doctor? Every child deserves an answer to this question. We would hope that a parent can respond with the name of the child’s primary care pediatrician, who, together with his or her colleagues, provides the services called for in well-accepted definitions of primary care. The Institute of Medicine has defined primary care as the delivery of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community.1 One of us defined primary care >30 years ago (and 2 of us were among the first primary care trainees) as having 4 essential elements: first contact, integration of service, continuity, and family focus.2 Continuity is considered by many to be the most essential component of quality primary health care for children. It provides the low-tech, high-touch, and humane approach to health care that is desired by all.3 Over time, with multiple well and ill encounters with the same physician (known as “continuity”), pediatric patients and their families develop a trusting relationship with their pediatric clinician. This continuous, long-term relationship not only engenders increased patient and clinician satisfaction, but, more significant, increases delivery of preventive measures, increases patient compliance, reduces hospitalizations, and lowers medical costs.4–11 This issue of Pediatrics contains the first reports from the National Survey of Early Childhood Health (NSECH). The data from the study by Inkelas et al12 has yielded a finding regarding continuity that both surprises and distresses us, namely that fewer than half of the parents interviewed for this survey could report that their child sees a specific clinician for well-child care. Therefore, more than half of the children were not receiving continuity of …
Isolation of Large Quantities of Functional, Cytoplasm-Free Xenopus laevis Oocyte Nuclei

Abstract A procedure is described that facilitates the isolation of large quantities of nuclei (germinal vesicles or GVs) from late stage Xenopus laevis oocytes. The method was developed by modifying techniques described in two published reports (F. Scalenghe et al. (1978) Chromosoma 66, 299-308; I. Ruberti et al. (1989) Anal. Biochem. 180, 177-180). Methods were chosen which optimize yields of GVs and homologous recombination activity. This procedure yields up to 90% of the total GVs present in 70 ml of oocytes. Proteins in the extract made from these GVs are predominantly of nuclear origin; little cytoplasmic contamination is detected as measured by α-tubulin content. The extract catalyzes the complete recombination of linear, terminally homologous DNA, as observed in injected oocytes. The extract also performs other nuclear processes including transcription, repair-type DNA synthesis, chromatin assembly, NDP kinase reactions, and dsRNA deamination. Because this procedure greatly increases the yield of GVs over manual isolation protocols, and the resulting extract is capable of carrying out a variety of typical nuclear processes, it should expedite the purification of components found in oocyte GVs, including proteins required for homologous recombination.
Mobile Information Literacy: Supporting Students’ Research and Information Needs in a Mobile World

Mobile devices have changed everyday life and they have had a great impact in higher education. This article describes a pilot project in which an academic librarian at Lehman College, City University of New York, taught information literacy exclusively via mobile devices. The concept of mobile information literacy is also reviewed, and its role in current and future teaching practices is evaluated. Lessons learned from this project tell us that mobile information literacy, albeit in its infancy, could play an essential part in students’ learning, and therefore academic librarians could incorporate it as part of their practice.
The Schilling Test

Excerpt To the editor: In the October 1979 issue Drs. Jacobson and Onstad (1) described a Schilling test artifact caused by inactive commercial intrinsic factor. That report is an important reminde...
Dietary Fat: a History

Dietary fat intake and its effect on human health is a hotly debated issue and major point of interest in nutrition research and practice today. This review traces the history of dietary fat intake, the influence of human evolution on dietary fat intake, and the relationship between dietary fat and health.
Closest assignment constraints and location models: Properties and structure

Abstract Formulations of location-allocation models must address the assignment of demand to facilities. Many models allow demand to be assigned to a non-closest facility. However, many applications exist where closest assignment (CA) is preferred. Several types of constraints have been introduced over the last 25 years to force CA. The objectives of this paper are to identify applications for closest assignment constraints, to review previous work, to propose necessary improvements to one of the major CA constraints, and to offer a comparison of the different integer-linear approaches to CA. In addition, new constraints are presented that are designed to ensure equal allocations in the event of equidistant closest facilities. We also note, as have previous researchers, that “closest assignment” generalizes to “most preferred” assignment with no alterations to constraint structures.
Damping Parameters for flow-induced vibration

Abstract A dimensionless damping parameter, c ⁎ = 2 c ω / ρ U 2 , is defined for cylinders experiencing flow-induced vibration. It overcomes the limitations of “mass-damping” parameters, which first came into use in 1955. A review of the history of mass-damping parameters reveals that they have been used in three principal variations, commonly expressed as Sc, SG and α . For spring-mounted rigid cylinders all three forms reduce to a constant times the following dimensionless group, 2 c / π ρ D 2 ω n , where ‘c’ is the structural damping constant per unit length of cylinder and ω n is the natural frequency of the oscillator, including, when so specified, the fluid added mass. All have been used to predict A⁎max=Amax/D, the peak response amplitude for VIV. None are useful at organizing response at reduced velocities away from the peak in response. The proposed alternative, c⁎, may be used to characterize VIV at all reduced velocities in the lock-in range. The simple product of A⁎ and c⁎ is shown to equal CL, the lift coefficient, thus providing a simple method for compiling CL data from free response measurements. Mass-damping parameters are not well-suited to the organization of the response of flexible cylinders in sheared flows or for cylinders equipped with strakes or fairings. c⁎ is well-suited for use with sheared flows or for cylinders with partial coverage of strakes or fairings. Data from three independent sources are used to illustrate the applications of c⁎. It is shown that the method of modal analysis may be used to generalize the application of c⁎ to flexible risers. An example for a riser with partial fairing coverage is presented.
Surface characterization of LEC SI-GaAs using photoreflectance with sub-bandgap excitation

Abstract A novel variation of photoreflectance, where the modulating beam has a photon energy that is smaller than the bandgap of the semiconductor, has been performed on SI-LEC grown Gallium Arsenide to study its surface properties. Analysis shows that the surface electric field created upon the application of the above light is sensitive to surface states and relatively insensitive to the bulk properties. The effect of various chemical treatments on the surface state density of GaAs is measured. Spectral features at energies smaller than the gap energy are observed and are assigned to shallow impurities. A mechanism for modulation of impurity absorption has been proposed.