cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Possible role of prostaglandin E2 in human amniotic epithelial cell death: an in vitro study.

Objective and design: To understand the optimal conditions necessary for successful transplantation of normal human amniotic epithelial (HAE) cells in vivo, the factors which influence the cell death were investigated. In this study, the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in HAE cells in vitro was examined.¶Material or subjects: Normal HAE cells.¶Treatment: The HAE cells were incubated with PGE2 100 nM, 500 nM or 1000 nM for 8 h.¶Methods: The PGE2 treated and untreated cells were collected at 2 h, 4 h and 8 h intervals and stained using trypan blue and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods to detect necrosis and apoptosis respectively.¶Results: Prostaglandin E2 induced more HAE cell death at 8 h treatment. The percentages of cell death induced by PGE2 100 nM, 500 nM and 1000 nM at 8 h were 14.0 ± 0.35 (n=9), 14.9 ± 0.64 (n=9) and 18.3 ± 0.65 (n=9) respectively compared to the control (7.0 ± 0.35; n=9) (P < 0.001) determined using trypan blue staining method. The apoptotic cell death induced by the above doses of PGE2 at 8 h were 5.7 ± 0.6 (n=9), 7.14 ± 0.84 (n=9) and 8.6 ± 0.67 (n=9) respectively compared to the control (0.86 ± 0.05; n=9) (P < 0.001) determined using TUNEL method. The PGE2 induced high level cell death was via necrosis rather than apoptosis.¶Conclusions: These results indicate that PGE2 is an important mediator in HAE cell death.
Self-assembly of Au Nanoparticle-containing Peptide Nano-rings on Surfaces

The peptide nano-rings containing Au nanoparticles inside their cavities were self-assembled on dithiol SAMs patterned as an array by AFM-based nanolithography. The peptide nano-rings were aligned as a line on these SAMs, and Au formed lines with the spacing between these nanoparticles as the peptide nano-rings functioned as spacers. This type of array fabrication will provide improved tunability in their optical properties of resulting nanoparticle-assembled arrays. In addition, optimization of the inter-particle distance of nanoparticles in the array with various spacers may allow one to design new types of photonic crystals with desired optical properties.
Two-Lens, Anamorphic, Brewster-Angle, Fourier-Transform Relay

A two-lens system provides a simple and versatile means to relay a laser beam. The pair of lenses can provide true volume imaging, reproducing both amplitude and phase of the input beam. By using cylindrical lenses it is possible to change the aspect ratio of the beam. By adjusting the cylindrical curvatures, it is possible to minimize reflections by tilting the lenses at the Brewster angle.
The Owl in Phoenician Mortuary Practice

Recent excavations in the Iron Age necropolis of Tyre (al-Bass district) allow a substantial reconstruction of the Phoenician ritual of cremation burial. Among the faunal remains from Tyre al-Bass Tomb 8 are two talons from a species of owl. The talons had been charred and perhaps boiled before placement with the grave goods. This paper examines ancient Near Eastern and biblical cultural interpretations of the owl and suggests a range of possible explanations for the presence of owl remains in this Phoenician burial.
Novel approach for computing photosynthetically active radiation for productivity modeling using remotely sensed images in the Great Plains, United States

Gross primary production (GPP) is a key indicator of ecosystem performance, and helps in many decision-making processes related to environment. We used the Eddy covariancelight use efficiency (EC-LUE) model for estimating GPP in the Great Plains, United States in order to evaluate the performance of this model. We developed a novel algorithm for computing the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) based on net radiation. A strong correlation ( R 2 = 0.94, N = 24) was found between daily PAR and Landsat-based mid-day instantaneous net radiation. Though the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) based instantaneous net radiation was in better agreement ( R 2 = 0.98, N = 24) with the daily measured PAR, there was no statistical significant difference between Landsat based PAR and MODIS based PAR. The EC-LUE model validation also confirms the need to consider biological attributes (C 3 versus C 4 plants) for potential light use efficiency. A universal potential light use efficiency is unable to capture the spatial variation of GPP. It is necessary to use C 3 and C 4 based land use/land cover map for using EC-LUE model for estimating spatiotemporal distribution of GPP.
Evidence That the Yeast Desaturase Ole1p Exists as a Dimer in Vivo

Desaturase enzymes are composed of two classes, the structurally well characterized soluble class found predominantly in the plastids of higher plants and the more widely distributed but poorly structurally defined integral membrane class. Despite their distinct evolutionary origins, the two classes both require an iron cofactor and molecular oxygen for activity and are inhibited by azide and cyanide, suggesting strong mechanistic similarities. The fact that the soluble desaturase is active as a homodimer prompted us test the hypothesis that an archetypal integral membrane desaturase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Δ9-acyl-Co-A desaturase Ole1p, also exhibits a dimeric organization. Ole1p was chosen because it is one of the best characterized integral membrane desaturase and because it retains activity when fused with epitope tags. FLAG-Ole1p was detected by Western blotting of immunoprecipitates in which anti-Myc antibodies were used for capture from yeast extracts co-expressing Ole1p-Myc and Ole1p-FLAG. Interaction was confirmed by two independent bimolecular complementation assays (i.e. the split ubiquitin system and the split luciferase system). Co-expression of active and inactive Ole1p subunits resulted in an ∼75% suppression of the accumulation of palmitoleic acid, demonstrating that the physiologically active form of Ole1p in vivo is the dimer in which both protomers must be functional.
Toxicology and epidemiology of 1,3-butadiene.

1,3-Butadiene is a colorless, volatile gas that has high-volume usage in the synthesis of polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene, and other polymers. Due to its volatile nature, uptake of butadiene occur...
Tests of product and additive scaling axioms

A product axiom for ratio judgments and an additive axiom for difference judgments were tested for six Ss judging brightness. The product axiom was rejected for all six Ss whereas the additive axiom was accepted for two Ss. Power functions did not fit the data well, although somewhat better for difference judgments than ratio judgments. A two-stage model fitted somewhat better, but failed to satisfy one important implication of that model, previously confirmed for lifted weights. The data gave stronger support for a theory of brightness estimation based on an additive axiom for difference judgments than a product axiom based on ratio judgments.
NOTES: Predator Recognition and Avoidance by Larval Razorback Sucker and Northern Hog Sucker

Abstract The razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus is an endangered catostomid endemic to the mainstream Colorado River, which originally supported a limited number of piscivorous fishes. Recent attempts to recover razorback suckers by reintroducing them into their native range have not been successful, likely due to predation on the naive young suckers by nonnative fishes. We tested razorback sucker larvae singly and in groups to determine their ability to recognize and avoid predators. We related their performance to that of northern hog sucker Hypentelium nigricans, a species that evolved in a predator-rich fish community. All larvae of both species recognized a predator attack when they were close to the predator and avoided the attack by fleeing or hiding. Single sucker larvae of both species improved their rate of avoidance with age, but northern hog suckers had a significantly higher initial avoidance rate than did razorback suckers. Groups of larval suckers of both species did not improve predator av...
A coherent photofield electron source for fast diffractive and point-projection imaging

Prospects for high-resolution imaging at femtosecond speeds using electron diffractive imaging are reviewed in the context of recent achievements using free-electron X-ray lasers. The conflict between Coulomb interactions and the spatial coherence of electron beams is identified as a limiting factor. Experimental results showing the performance of a milliwatt laser-driven fast photofield GaAs electron emitter are presented, including emission current and measured energy spread for various laser energies illuminating the electron emission tip. Band-bending below the Fermi level, due to penetration of the tip field into the emitter, is found to limit the emission energy spread by thermalizing the electrons. Because of the absence of beam crossovers and consequent Coulomb interactions, the point-projection photofield emission microscope with its high spatial coherence is suggested as a method for obtaining femtosecond images at high resolution from atomic processes, which may be triggered repetitively. The i...
On empathic and logophoric binding

It is well known that the notions of “logophoricity” and “point of view” are crucial factors for the licensing of certain anaphoric expressions. These terms, however, have had varied definitions and often have been confounded with each other. In this article, I argue that the three types of linguistic point of view: (1) empathy (a la Kuno), (2) logophoricity, and (3) spatio-temporal (“deictic”) perspective must be kept apart, and that the empathic and logophoric perspectives play important but separate roles in binding. I also discuss implications of the logophoric/empathic distinction on the general typology of anaphora, and propose a preliminary formal analysis of anaphora based on empathy.
DNA double-strand break response in stem cells: mechanisms to maintain genomic integrity.

Abstract Background Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent the point of origin of all cells in a given organism and must protect their genomes from both endogenous and exogenous genotoxic stress. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most lethal forms of damage, and failure to adequately repair DSBs would not only compromise the ability of SCs to self-renew and differentiate, but will also lead to genomic instability and disease. Scope of Review Herein, we describe the mechanisms by which ESCs respond to DSB-inducing agents such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ionizing radiation, compared to somatic cells. We will also discuss whether the DSB response is fully reprogrammed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in the reprogramming of these cells. Major Conclusions ESCs have distinct mechanisms to protect themselves against DSBs and oxidative stress compared to somatic cells. The response to damage and stress is crucial for the maintenance of self-renewal and differentiation capacity in SCs. iPSCs appear to reprogram some of the responses to genotoxic stress. However, it remains to be determined if iPSCs also retain some DDR characteristics of the somatic cells of origin. General Significance The mechanisms regulating the genomic integrity in ESCs and iPSCs are critical for its safe use in regenerative medicine and may shed light on the pathways and factors that maintain genomic stability, preventing diseases such as cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
Stimulation of In Vivo Angiogenesis by In Situ Crosslinked, Dual Growth Factor-loaded, Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels

As part of a study of elicited angiogenesis, hyaluronan (HA)-based hydrogels crosslinked by polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) were loaded with combinations of the cytokine growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). GF release in vivo was controlled by covalent incorporation of thiol-modified heparin into thiolated HA hydrogels, which were injected into the ear pinnae of mice and allowed to crosslink in situ. GF release in vivo was controlled by covalent incorporation of thiol-modified heparin in the gels. The ears were harvested at 7 or 14 days post-implantation, and vascularization evaluated via a Neovascularization Index (NI). The study demonstrates that in situ gelling implants produced no gross inflammation, redness or swelling, and an improved tolerance compared to HA-based dry film implants. All treatments showed significantly more vascularization than either contralateral ears or ears receiving a sham surgery. The maximum response was observed after 14 days in the ears receiving 0.3% Hp, gelatin-containing gels loaded with VEGF + KGF (NI = 3.91). The study revealed injected growth factor-loaded HA-based hydrogels can successfully produce localized controllable vascularization, while minimizing tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and inflammation. The ability to target and controllably release growth factors can prove a useful tool in specific diseased tissue/organ angiogenesis.
The Adequacy of Soybean Oil Meal as a Sole Source of Protein for Chick Growth

ABSTRACT INCREASED weight gains with increasing percentages of protein up to thirty percent were observed by Scott et al. (1957) when chicks were fed purified diets with either (1) casein, (2) isolated soybean protein (Drackett), or (3) a combination of soybean oil meal, casein, and gelatin as sources of protein. This was true even though the diets containing 20 percent protein were shown by calculations to furnish all the essential amino acids at levels equal to or in excess of the requirements established by the National Research Council (1954), with the exception of the combination of proteins which nevertheless gave the greatest growth. The work of Snyder (1955) demonstrated a similar requirement of thirty percent protein for the chick when purified diets containing isolated soybean protein and cerelose were fed. His investigations pointed out the importance of adequate amounts of protein in diets used in studying the response of the chick . . .
Thermal control of the space telescope high-speed photometer

The Hubble Space Telescope High Speed Photometer (HSP) thermal control system uses a software control system instead of mechanical thermostats to control heaters. The most unreliable part of a conventional thermal control system, the thermostat, is eliminated in this design. In addition, the software control design provides great operational flexibility impossible to obtain with thermostats. The heaters can be controlled by a 'software thermostat' with its in-flight adjustable set points. The control system can also be operated in a variety of other modes, namely, a constant power mode, a power profile mode, and a direct commanding mode. The system can provide a given amount of energy into the heaters over a wide range of input bus voltages because bus voltage is sensed by the control software. Heater power is switched by the same relays that are needed in a thermostat system for power control. The system has proven to be adaptable to the changing needs of the Hubble Space Telescope mission. A similar system was designed and built into the Diffuse X-Ray Spectrometer instrument that was launched in January 1993. Experience from that mission is also described.
bUzZ: a guide to authentic and joyful creative learning

Early in the 2010–2011 school year, the author noticed that the students in his fourth-grade classroom did their best creative work when allowed student agency and choice in a child-centered learning environment, often resulting in an energized cooperative working paradigm they came to refer to as the ‘bUzZ’. During the spring semester, the author decided to see if he could ascertain the classroom characteristics that lead to a bUzZ and how it might be sustained once under way. The author found that the bUzZ closely resembled swarm dynamics found in nature, which led him to a whole new understanding of education, how students function within a classroom space and what it means to be a teacher. This article summarizes relevant and correlating research and findings by a classroom teacher to tell the story of how the bUzZ ultimately redefines creativity in education.
Thermal stability improvement of MFI-type zeolite membranes with doped zirconia intermediate layer

Aluminum diffusion from porous alumina support at high temperatures can affect the zeolite membrane properties. In this work, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was used as a buffer layer to improve the thermal stability of MFI-type zeolite membrane structure on porous alumina support. Membranes were prepared by the template-free secondary growth method with multiple growth steps in order to minimize intercrystalline gaps. Thermal and hydrothermal stability for MFI-type zeolite membranes were examined by observing trans-membrane average pressure, time dependency of gas permeances and phase structure change with XRD analysis. The MFI-type zeolite membrane with the YSZ intermediate layer was stable in steam at high temperatures (500 °C, partial pressure of steam: 100 kPa). XRD results for the MFI-type zeolite membranes before and after the heat treatment indicated that the YSZ intermediate layer was quite effective in preventing the diffusion of aluminum from the alumina support to zeolite layer and preventing structural change of the zeolite layer at high temperatures.
Killed on the clock: a population-based study of workplace homicide, 1977-1991.

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the epidemiology of workplace homicides in North Carolina, with emphasis on the circumstances. METHODS: Workplace homicide victims were identified by and data were abstracted from the North Carolina medical examiner system. RESULTS: Workplace homicide rates are highest for men, older and self-employed workers, minorities and specific occupations, especially taxi drivers. Robberies, mostly in retail settings, accounted for half of the cases, while 20% were known to involve disputes, the contexts of which differed by sex. Women were most likely to be killed by estranged partners. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive strategies need to address the specific contexts in which workplace homicide occurs, such as retail and taxi robberies, and law enforcement officers interacting with suspects. A workplace response to domestic violence is also needed. Other areas for future research and intervention include environmental modifications, employee screening and training, and identifying more inclusive occupational data sources.
The vibration-rotation spectrum of the ν1 band of nitroxide, HNO−

Abstract The infrared spectrum of the nitroxide ion, HNO−, has been recorded in the region between 2940 and 3150 cm−1 using high-resolution autodetachment detection spectroscopy. This wave-number range corresponds to absorption near the ν1 vibration, the NH stretching mode. The rR4, rR5, rR6, rR7, rR8, rR9, and rQ6 branches have been identified and rotationally analyzed, and rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the (0, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 0) states have been obtained. The principal rotational constants, in cm−1, are A″ = 15.233360(380); (B″ + C″) 2 = 1.096829(24) ; (B″ - C″) 2 = 0.034424(900) ; A′ = 16.937355(280); (B′ + C′) 2 =1.088597(22) ; and (B′ - C′) 2 = 0.036066(1600) . The ν1 band origin is 2750.7827 (53) cm−1.
Luminescence spectrum of undoped CdS platelets as a function of slight heat treatment in ultra-high vacuum

Abstract The UV-excited luminescence spectrum of CdS (sublimed and cooled (2 deg/min)in an N 2 -H 2 S(1%) atmosphere) was studied at 77°K between 470 and 560 nm. Characteristic emission groups near 480 and 493 nm, the edge emission (with associated phonon replicas), and the doublet near 547 nm were investigated after successive heat treatment between 50°C and 300°C. It was observed that at rather well defined treatment temperatures the intensity of most of the emissions decreased while that of other emissions increased (e.g., those at 487.2 nm and 547 nm). Concurrent with these changes, certain typical changes in the spectral dependence of photoconductivity were observed. These changes are attributable to the desorption of gases (predominantly oxygen) from the surface 1 ); that is, trapped carriers near the surface are forced to redistribute because of thechanges in the space charge region. This information aids in further identifying luminescence centers by allowing electron- or hole-activated processes (excitors bound to charged centers) to be distinguished, and to give a model for type I and type II CdS photoconductivity behavior.
Reactions of Sodium Sulfate with Alumina‐Silica Refractories

By measurements of loss of weight, checked by water extraction of unreacted salt, it was found that at high temperatures liquid sodium sulfate reacts with mullite more rapidly than with alumina. A study of the structures involved explains this. Nephelite is the principal product of reaction. Experiments indicate that the resistance of high-alumina firebrick to soda attack can be improved with a refractory coating, particularly one composed of alumina, nephelite, and sodium aluminate.
Role of angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas-R-nNOS pathways in amplified neuronal activity of dorsolateral periaqueductal gray after chronic heart failure.

Abstract The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is an integrative neural site in regulating several physiological functions including cardiovascular activities driven by sympathetic nervous system. Specifically, activation of the dorsolateral PAG (dl-PAG) leads to increases in sympathetic nervous activity and arterial blood pressure. Our recent studies demonstrated that angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)] plays an inhibitory role in neuronal activity of the dl-PAG via a Mas-R [Ang-(1–7) receptor] and neuronal NO dependent signaling pathway (Mas-R-nNOS). Because sympathetic nervous activity is augmented in chronic heart failure (HF), the present study was to determine (1) the levels of Ang-(1–7) and Mas-R-nNOS expression within the dl-PAG of control rats and rats with HF and (2) the role for Ang-(1–7) in modulating activity of dl-PAG neurons in both groups. Results showed that chronic HF decreased the levels of Ang-(1–7) and attenuated Mas-R-nNOS pathways. Also, we demonstrated that the discharge rates of dl-PAG neurons of HF rats (5.52 ± 0.52 Hz, n = 21, P vs. control) were augmented as compared with control rats (4.03 ± 0.39 Hz, n = 28) and an inhibitory role played by Ang-(1–7) in neuronal activity of the dl-PAG was significantly decreased in HF (51 ± 6%, P vs. control) as compared with controls (72 ± 8%). Our findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of Ang-(1–7) on dl-PAG neurons are impaired in HF, likely due to attenuated Mas-R-nNOS signaling pathways.
Automatic Capture of Student Notes to Augment Mentor Feedback and Student Performance on Patient Write-Ups

Objective To determine whether the integration of an automated electronic clinical portfolio into clinical clerkships can improve the quality of feedback given to students on their patient write-ups and the quality of students’ write-ups.
The mutual isomerization of allene and propyne

Abstract A properly reversible, strong-collision RRKM calculation of allene ⇌ propyne isomerization rates is presented. The calculation uses literature properties for all but the barrier and average energy transfer. The results agree with the few mutually consistent shock-tube experiments using an optimum E 0 = 64 kcal/mol and an assumed, routine average energy transfer − {Δ E } all =160 cm −1 . The barrier is in complete accord with the best current theoretical estimate.
Detection of reciprocal quantitative trait loci for acute ethanol withdrawal and ethanol consumption in heterogeneous stock mice

Previous studies have suggested that there is an inverse genetic relationship between ethanol consumption (two-bottle choice, continuous access) and ethanol withdrawal (e.g., Metten et al., Behav Brain Res 95:113–122, 1998a). The current study used short-term selective breeding from heterogeneous stock (HS) animals to examine this relationship. The primary goal of the current study was to determine if reciprocal quantitative trait loci (QTLs) could be found in the selectively bred lines. The advantage of detecting QTLs in HS animals is that it is possible to extract a haplotype signature for the QTL, which in turn can be used to narrow the number of candidate genes generated from gene expression and sequence databases (see, e.g., Hitzemann et al., Mamm Genome 14:733–747, 2003). Seven reciprocal QTLs were detected on chromosomes (Chr) 1 (two), 3, 6, 11, 16, and 17 that exceeded the nominal LOD threshold of 10; genetic drift, which occurs during selection, dramatically increases the LOD threshold. The proximal Chr 1 QTL was examined in some detail. The haplotype structure of the QTL was such that the LP/J allele was associated with low withdrawal and high consumption. The QTL appears to be located in a gene-poor region between 170 and 173 Mbp. Based on available sequence data, two plausible candidate genes emerge—Nos1ap and Atf6α. The data presented here confirm some aspects of the negative genetic relationship between acute ethanol withdrawal and ethanol consumption. The QTL data point to the potential involvement of NO signaling and/or the unfolded protein response.
A microprocessor-based rotating shadowband radiometer

Abstract High-quality solar radiation measurements are both expensive and labor intensive. An installation with detectors that are rated first class by the World Meteorological Organization and a modest data acquisition system costs about U.S. $8000 and requires frequent visits to check alignment and clean components. Motivated by these considerations and the development in our laboratory of a microprocessor-based data acquisition system, we have built and initially tested a microprocessor-controlled rotating shadowband photometer. A total horizontal solar radiation measurement is made once each minute. A corrected diffuse horizontal component is calculated from three measurements and direct normal solar radiation is calculated from these two quantities. The device can be initialized and interrogated for its accumulated data via a modem. The device is designed to require little or no maintenance; it should never need realignment, but will require occasional cleaning. Several channels of the logger are available for auxiliary measurements for the marginal costs of those sensors. These devices can be made in quantities of 50–100 at a cost of U.S. $1500 for parts and assembly. The pyranometer uses a silicon photodiode detector. For applications with tailored wavelength responses within 400–700 nm, such as photometric measurements, the device can be considered ready for use. Until corrections are derived for temperature, cosine, and spectral effects, the instrument's accuracy in a broadband solar resource measurement is low.
Four cases of traumatic optic nerve blindness in the horse.

Summary Traumatic optic nerve atrophy is characterised clinically by a unilateral or bilateral sudden onset of blindness. Dilated, fixed pupils and a lack of a menace reflex are the only abnormalities noted soon after the trauma. Within three to four weeks the optic disc becomes paler and the retinal vasculature is markedly decreased. The pathological lesion is a rupture of the nerve axons from stretching forces produced by the posterior movement of the brain against the fixed canalicular portion of the optic nerves. Medical therapy has not been successful.
The games women play: simulation and women's networks

Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Barbara Stern sets out three games for women in networks to play to acquire authority, expertise, or charisma—whichever form of power they prefer.
A method to generate sub-pixel classification maps for use in DIRSIG three-dimensional models

Developing new remote sensing instruments is a costly and time consuming process. The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model gives users the ability to create synthetic images for a proposed sensor before building it. However, to produce synthetic images, DIRSIG requires facetized, three-dimensional models attributed with spectral and texture information which can themselves be costly and time consuming to produce. Recent work has been successful in generating these scenes using an automated method when coincident HyperSpectral Imagery (HSI), LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), and high-resolution imagery of a site are available. An important step in this process is attributing the three-dimensional information gained from the LIDAR with spectral information gained from the HSI. Previous work was able to do this attribution at the resolution of the HSI, but the HSI is generally at the lowest resolution of the three modalities. Due to the highly accurate method used to register the HSI, LIDAR, and highresolution imagery, the potential for bringing additional information into the classification process exists. This paper will present a method to generate classification maps at or near the resolution of the high-resolution imagery component of the fused imagery. Initial results using this new method are provided and are promising in terms of their ability to ultimately help produce higher fidelity DIRSIG models.
Comparative genetic maps reveal extreme crossover localization in the Aegilops speltoides chromosomes.

A total of 137 loci were mapped in Aegilops speltoides, the closest extant relative of the wheat B genome, using two F2 mapping populations and a set of wheat-Ae. speltoides disomic addition (DA) lines. Comparisons of Ae. speltoides genetic maps with those of Triticum monococcum indicated that Ae. speltoides conserved the gross chromosome structure observed across the tribe Triticeae. A putative inversion involving the short arm of chromosome 2 was detected in Ae. speltoides. A translocation between chromosomes 2 and 6, present in the wheat B genome, was absent. The ligustica/aucheri spike dimorphism behaved as allelic variation at a single locus, which was mapped in the centromeric region of chromosome 3. The genetic length of each chromosome arm was about 50 cM, irrespective of its physical length. Compared to T. monococcum genetic maps, recombination was virtually eliminated from the proximal 50–100 cM and was localized in short distal regions, which were often expanded compared to the T. monococcum maps. The wheat B genome and the genome of Ae. longissima, a close relative of Ae. speltoides, do not show the extreme localization of crossovers observed in Ae. speltoides.
Designing mixed-metal supramolecular complexes

Mixed-metal supramolecular complexes are of interest in that they link multiple structural components into a large supramolecular array. Each subunit is designed to perform a simple act and those acts combine together to give rise to more complicated device functions. By variation of the nature or type of components used and their structural position within the supramolecular assembly, the type of functioning of the molecular device can be controlled. Our molecular design uses transition metal polyazine light absorbers (LA) and couples them through bridging ligands (BL) to other metal centers of interest. These additional metals can function as bioactive sites (BAS), electron acceptors (EA) and electron collectors (EC). An overview of our work in this area will be described with a focus on how component modulation allows these systems to be applicable to a large array of problems of interest including multifunctional DNA binding agents and photochemical molecular devices for light energy conversion.
Surface properties of two rabbit lung lamellar body preparations with markedly different fatty acid profiles.

The effect of fatty acid desaturation on the surface properties of lung surfactant were studied on a Wilhelmy surface balance by using two preparations of lamellar body (LB) material with markedly different fatty acid profiles: (1) lamellar bodies from adult rabbit lung tissue, and (2) lamellar bodies from fetal rabbit lung tissue maintained in organ culture for 7 days. The fetal lung preparation contains an unusually high level of 16: 1 fatty acid (principally palmitoleic acid) at position sn-2 of phosphatidylcholine (Longmuir, K.J., Resele-Tiden, C. and Rossi, M.E. (1988) J. Lipid Res. 29, 1065-1077). Surface pressure - surface area isotherms were obtained for both preparations and compared to isotherms of monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. In addition, the elasticity of the lamellar body preparations were analyzed as a function of surface pressure, temperature, and rate of compression, both in the presence and absence of Ca2+ plus Mg’+. At slow rates of compression, we found that fetal LB films have lower elasticity and better respreading ability compared to the adult LB films, which can be explained by the high concentration of unsaturated palmitoleic acid in the fetal preparation. A dynamic component of elasticity was observed at high rates of compression only if Ca*+ and Mg*+ were present in the subphase. The analysis of the free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of compression suggests that films with low concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids are likely to undergo irreversible collapse, but films with excess unsaturated fatty acids accommodate the overcompression with a reversible loss of molecules from the surface.
A parameter estimation model for ungaged streamflows

Abstract Proper determination of streamflow quantities and their mass balance is essential for efficient and equitable river basin management and water allocation. It provides the baseline data for the decision making process. Unfortunately, it is practical to measure river flows only at specified gaging stations, and local inflow/outflow characteristics in between gages are not quantitatively known. The knowledge of these local inflows/outflows is critical from an operational perspective, particularly if flow regulation or modification is considered. This paper presents a constrained nonlinear least squares model that seeks to minimize the error in estimating selected hydrologic parameters that can help predict monthly, local inflows/outflows for a stream section between gages. Of interest is the prediction of ungaged, local inflows from rainfall and snowmelt, local inflows/outflows to the groundwater regime, and return flows from irrigation diversions. The minimization of the squared error in satisfying the monthly mass balance for the stream section is considered as the optimizing criteria, and a number of constraints are imposed to incorporate prior knowledge and to ensure a unique and well behaved solution. Physical and meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation, drainage areas, channel lengths, channel slopes, and elevation are correlated with the hydrological data base at the location to derive the parameter estimates. The parameter estimation model is general in nature and can be applied to a wide variety of stream sections. The model formulated is solved using successive linear programming. Application procedures and a selected example application are reviewed.
Diversity–stability relationships revisited: scaling rules for biological communities near equilibrium

Abstract The debate on diversity–stability relationships has a long history of theoretical interest and plays a central role in development of modern ecology. But such debate has recently re-opened under critical scrutiny both in theoretical and empirical studies. In this paper we use allometric (or energetic) scaling and statistical physics approaches to this problem. On the basis of local Damuth symmetry, a Markov model of transfer of energy between different species, and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, scaling rules of species number and population variability of biological communities near equilibrium are derived. These scaling rules indicate that the diversity–stability relationship may be an energetic and thermodynamic consequence of ecological systems near equilibrium, not a simple statistical consequence as derived by other recent theoretical work.
Geocoronal structure: 2. Inclusion of a magnetic dipolar plasmasphere

Calculations of exospheric quantities (hydrogen atom density, satellite atom fractional density, kinetic temperature, and escape flux) at locations along the earth-sun axis in the noon and midnight directions have been extended to incorporate a plasmasphere characterized by a dipolar shape and an empirical temperature profile. This interaction, evaluated with parameter values corresponding to low-to-moderate solar conditions, results in an increased density at outer geocoronal positions; the effect is not dramatic, though, and the resulting exosphere mimics the evaporative case closely, in spite of the control of trajectory parcel content by charge exchange collisions. A careful discussion of the handling of plasmaspheric charge exchange collisions and solar ionization is included, and the effect on the exospheric kinetic distribution is analyzed in terms of pertinent examples.
Public administration and law: An introduction

The intersection between public administration and law has drawn a great deal of scholarly attention in recent years. Among the major issues of concern are the constitutionalization of public administration, legislative delegation and administrative discretion, as well as greater judicial involvement in public administration and in the implementation of programs and reforms. The essays in this Symposium provide a variety of both broad and highly focused analyses of aspects of the contemporary connection between public administration and law.
Mine field detection algorithm utilizing data from an ultrawideband wide-area surveillance radar

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of its mission- funded applied research program, has been evaluating the utility of a low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar to detect obscured targets such as vehicles concealed by foliage and objects buried underground. This paper concentrates on a specific area of great interest to the Army: the reliable detection of surface and buried mines. Measurement programs conducted at Yuma Proving Ground and elsewhere have yielded a significant and unique database of extremely wideband and (in many cases) fully polarimetric data. We will review recent findings from ARL's modeling, phenomenology and detection efforts. We also included a discussion of an end-to-end detection strategy that has been trained and tested against a significant data set. Performance assessments are included that detail detection rates versus false alarm levels.
Suppression of the bacterially induced hypersensitive reaction by cytokinins

Abstract Development of the bacterially induced hypersensitive reaction was overcome when tobacco leaves were pretreated with 5 × 10−5 m -kinetin, or other compounds with cytokinin activity, 48 h before inoculation with Pseudomonas pisi. Bacterial growth in the treated tissue was not affected. Developmental stage of the treated leaves was critical for demonstrating the protective effect of cytokinin. Only older leaves approaching senescence exhibited this effect. Development of symptoms of wildfire disease caused by Pseudomonas tabaci were delayed by cytokinin treatment, but 72 h after inoculation both water (control) and cytokinin-treated leaves exhibited the same degree of necrosis.
The effect of dehydration on rehydration and metabolic rate in a lunged and a lungless Salamander

Abstract 1. 1. Lungless salamanders Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus that were dehydrated to 80% of initial hydrated weight rehydrated more rapidly than similarly dehydrated lunged salamanders Ambystoma opacum . 2. 2. The metabolic rates of both species increased as a consequence of dehydration. 3. 3. The metabolic rate of dehydrated P. g. glutinosus (86.6 μl O 2 -g −1 hr −1 ) was greater than that of dehydrated A. opacum (40.7 μl O 2 g −1 hr −1 ). 4. 4. Increases in metabolic rate with dehydration may signify that salamanders are preparing physiologically to rehydrate. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that dehydrated lungless salamanders (having higher metabolic rates) rehydrated more rapidly than dehydrated lunged forms. 5. 5. Lungless salamanders may not be able to increase O 2 consumption proportionately compared to lunged forms when dehydrated.
Involvement of Phosphorylation in Doxorubicin-Mediated Myofibril Degeneration An Immunofluorescence Microscopy Analysis

Loss of myofilaments has been observed in both adaptive cardiac responses (ie, hypertrophy) as well as in chemotheraputic use of antineoplastic drugs with cardiotoxic side effects (ie, doxorubicin). An understanding of the degenerative process is a prerequisite for determining approaches to limit the cardiomyopathic changes associated with chronic heart disease or long-term chemotheraputic treatments. However, little is known about the specific events and molecular changes that initiate the degenerative process. To study this process, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with doxorubicin, which induced rapid and widespread thin-filament degeneration as observed by fluorescence confocal microscopy. which demonstrated deterioration of sarcomeric thin-filament structure. Changes in the spontaneous beating of cardiomyocytes corresponding with myofibrillar degeneration were apparent using differential interference contrast video microscopy. After finding induction of kinase activity by doxorubicin in cultured cardiomyocytes, the protective effects of specific inhibitors of kinase activity were assessed for their ability to inhibit doxorubicin-induced myofibrillar breakdown. Doxorubicin-induced changes appeared similar to the degeneration observed after treatment with a protein kinase activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) or a serine-threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor (okadaic acid). Collectively, these results indicate that activation of protein kinase is an important event in the initiation of myofibrillar degeneration by doxorubicin. Further analyses of myofibrillar proteins with respect to biochemical modifications will be necessary to determine if phosphorylation events transmit signal(s) to initiate degeneration.
Quantifying care coordination using natural language processing and domain-specific ontology

Objective This research identifies specifi cc are coordination activities used by Aging in Place (AIP) nurse care coordinators and home healthcare (HHC) nurses when coordinating care for older community-dwelling adults and suggests a method to quantify care coordination. Methods A care coordination ontology was built based on activities extracted from 11 038 notes labeled with the Omaha Case management category. From the parsed narrative notes of every patient, we mapped the extracted activities to the ontology, from which we computed problem profiles and quantified care coordination for all patients. Results We compared two groups of patients: AIP who received enhanced care coordination (n=217) and HHC who received traditional care (n=691) using 128 135 narratives notes. Patients were tracked from the time they were admitted to AIP or HHC until they were discharged. We found that patients in AIP received a higher dose of care coordination than HHC in most Omaha problems, with larger doses being given in AIP than in HHC in all four Omaha categories. Conclusions ‘Communicate’ and ‘manage’ activities are widely used in care coordination. This confirmed the expert hypothesis that nurse care coordinators spent most of their time communicating about their patients and managing problems. Overall, nurses performed care coordination in both AIP and HHC, but the aggregated dose across Omaha problems and categories is larger in AIP.
From virtual public spheres to global justice: A critical Theory of internetworked social movements

From the early 1990s when the EZLN (the Zapatistas), led by Subcommandte Marcos, first made use of the Internet to the late 1990s with the defeat of the Multilateral Agreement on Trade and Investment and the anti-WTO protests in Seattle, Quebec, and Genoa, it became evident that new, qualitatively different kinds of social protest movements were emergent. These new movements seemed diffuse and unstructured, yet at the same time, they forged unlikely coalitions of labor, environmentalists, feminists, peace, and global social justice activists collectively critical of the adversities of neoliberal globalization and its associated militarism. Moreover, the rapid emergence and worldwide proliferation of these movements, organized and coordinated through the Internet, raised a number of questions that require rethinking social movement theory. Specifically, the electronic networks that made contemporary globalization possible also led to the emergence of “virtual public spheres” and, in turn, “Internetworked S...
Characteristics of the ideal postgraduate year 1 pharmacy practice residency candidate: a survey of residency program directors.

Objective:Assess pharmacy postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency application statistics and identify the qualities most desired in the ideal pharmacy residency candidate.Methods:A list of PGY1 reside...
Remote mobile screen (RMS): An approach for secure BYOD environments

The introduction of bring your own device (BYOD) policy in the corporate world creates benefits for companies as well as job satisfaction for the employee. However, it also creates challenges in terms of security as new vulnerabilities arise. In particular, these challenges include space isolation, data confidentiality, and policy compliance as well as handling the resource constraints of mobile devices and the intrusiveness created by installed applications seeking to perform BYOD functions. We present Remote Mobile Screen (RMS), an approach for secure BYOD environments that addresses all these challenges. In order to achieve this, the enterprise provides the employee with a trusted virtual machine running a mobile operating system, which is located in the enterprise network and to which the employee connects using the mobile BYOD device. We describe our proposed solution and discuss our experimental results. Finally, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of RMS and possible future work.
Reducing Inventory System Costs by Using Robust Demand Estimators

Applications of inventory theory typically use historical data to estimate demand distribution parameters. Imprecise knowledge of the demand distribution adds to the usual replenishment costs associated with stochastic demands. Only limited research has been directed at the problem of choosing cost effective statistical procedures for estimating these parameters. Available theoretical findings on estimating the demand parameters for s, S inventory replenishment policies are limited by their restrictive assumptions. The impact on total system cost of using the sample mean and standard deviation as compared to robust parameter estimators has not been tested. This paper explores the circumstances under which the cost due to statistical estimation can be substantially reduced by a better choice of estimators. Specifically, an exponentially smoothed average and a modified exponentially smoothed mean absolute deviation are shown to outperform the sample mean and standard deviation for a wide range of computer simulated and U.S. Air Force empirical demands when the s, S policies are calculated using Ehrhardt's Power Approximation. Those situations in which the method of demand parameter estimation has negligible impact on total system cost are also indicated.