cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology and psychotherapy in the dying AIDS patient.

AIDS is not yet the problem in Japan that it is in North American, Europe and Africa, but at the recent 10th International AIDS Conference held in Japan, it was estimated that more Asians will become infected with HIV in the coming year than any other population worldwide. Although the majority of these infections will occur in Thailand and India, it was estimated that there may be as many as 15 000 HIV positive individuals in Japan, a number expected to rise to 26 000 over the next 3 years. Although AIDS is arriving in Japan later, this may give society in general and the medical profession in particular, time to learn from the experiences and mistakes of those who had a head start in dealing with the epidemic. Although this paper deals with the dying AIDS patient, some of the issues faced by the therapist working with any population of dying patients will be reviewed before focusing more specifically, on some of the particular issues seen in working with AIDS patients.
Optical Networks and the Future of Broadband Services

Abstract The evolution of broadband services will depend on the widespread deployment of optical networks. The deployment of such networks will, in turn, help drive increased demand for additional capacity. In this world, service providers will have a growing need to be able to flexibly adjust capacity to accommodate uncertain and growing demand. In this article, we present a cost model that highlights the advantages of new optical networking technologies such as Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) over traditional architectures for optical networks. This analysis highlights the increased flexibility and scalability of DWDM networks, which lowers the deployment costs of such networks in light of growing and uncertain demand. The DWDM architecture holds the promise of allowing the emergence of wavelength markets, where traffic could be switched between service provider networks at the optical layer (without the need for multiple costly and wasteful electronic/optical conversions). While the DWDM and Optical Cross-Connect (OxC) technologies provide a technical infrastructure for supporting wavelength markets, additional developments are also likely to be required. This paper also considers some of the impediments to the growth of wavelength markets, namely, the need for secondary markets and standardized contracts.
Projection target‐specific action of nicotine in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract

The brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the key integrating relay in the central processing of sensory information from the thoracic and from most subdiaphragmatic viscera. Modulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic activity in the NTS by nicotinic agents can have potent effects on vital physiological functions, such as feeding, digestion, respiration, and blood circulation. Caudal NTS neurons demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in projection targets, synaptic properties, and expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, despite its heterogeneity, the caudal NTS may contain discrete subsets of neurons with unique projection target-specific properties. To test this hypothesis, we used in vivo fluorescent tracing and ex vivo patch-clamp electrophysiology to evaluate responsiveness to nicotine of anatomically identified caudal NTS neurons that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the brainstem caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The results of this study demonstrate that responsiveness to nicotine correlates with where the neurons project. Specifically, PVN-projecting caudal NTS neurons respond to nicotine only presynaptically (i.e., via activation of presynaptic nAChRs and potentiation of synaptic release of glutamate), suggesting indirect, glutamate-dependent effects of nicotine on the PVN-projecting NTS circuitry. By contrast, CVLM-projecting caudal NTS neurons exhibit only limited presynaptic, but dominant somatodendritic, responsiveness to nicotine, suggesting that the effects of nicotine on the CVLM-projecting NTS circuitry are direct and largely glutamate independent. Understanding the relationships among function-specific brainstem/hypothalamic neuronal networks, nuclei, and individual neurons could help develop therapies targeting identifiable neuronal circuits to offset impaired autonomic homeostasis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benthic macroinvertebrates of small Florida pondcypress swamps and the influence of dry periods

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were sampled bimonthly from December 1993 to April 1995 in three small pondcypress swamps. Eighty-five taxa were collected, with Chironomidae, Dytiscidae, and Hydrophilidae contributing large numbers of genera. Annual mean density was 4,229 individuals/m2, and monthly densities for individual ponds ranged from 950 to 11,623 individuals/m2. Three genera,Crangonyx (Amphipoda),Polypedilum, andChironomus (Chironomidae), accounted for 70% of the total density. High levels of temporal and inter-pond variability were documented. Taxon richness and total density of communities sampled during drawdown were similar to those of wet months. The large number of taxa unique to the dry period contributed substantially to overall taxon richness. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of these systems seem to be adapted to unpredictable drawdown.
Innovation Management and U.S. Weekly Newspaper Web Sites: An Examination of Newspaper Managers and Emerging Technology

Using Everett Rogers's (2003) theory of innovation in organizations, this nationwide study examines U.S. weekly newspapers and their adoption and management of innovation—specifically, the online newspaper. From a theoretical standpoint, the creation of the online product was somewhat unsystematic. The data reveal that most weekly newspapers were not following any type of innovation management strategy when developing their online editions. This study echoes the findings of Saksena and Hollifield (2002) in the assessment that newspapers are adopting and managing emerging technology in a “relatively haphazard fashion.” Most newspaper managers report they did not develop a business plan for the new product or set specific, measurable goals to aid in assessing the success of the online newspaper. In addition, almost frac34 of the newspapers did not gather target-market or audience research before launching the online newspaper. The study found that newspaper managers were sensitive to their staffs' questions, needs, and concerns about publishing an online newspaper; and most involved their staffs in the decision-making process. A majority reported that they did not meet any resistance from their staffs about the adoption of new technology to produce the online newspapers. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Contributing Circumstances Impact on Missouri Teenage Driver Crash Fatalities

Missouri data from 2002-2011 are used to analyze the major circumstances that increase the risk of fatality in crashes involving teenage drivers, given a motor vehicle crash occurs. The frequencies of contributing circumstances among teenage and older drivers are compared and a multinomial logistic regression model is used to predict the probability of crash severity under different circumstances. For crashes involving teenage drivers, it is found that driving too fast for conditions, speeding, inattention, and driving on the wrong side are the most frequent circumstances cited in fatal crashes, and are major factors that increase the likelihood of a fatality occurring.
Close Analysis of Texts With Structure (cats): An Intervention to Teach Reading Comprehension to At-risk Second Graders

We developed and evaluated an intervention that teaches reading comprehension via expository text structure training to second graders in urban public schools at risk for academic failure. Fifty lessons on 5 basic text structures (sequence, comparison, causation, description, and problem–solution) were embedded in a social studies curriculum that focused on U.S. historical communities. Second-grade classrooms were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions: the intervention, a comparison program that focused on the social studies content and did not include text structure training, and a no-instruction control. Sixteen classrooms (N = 258) completed the study. The performance of the intervention group was higher than that of the other 2 groups on reading comprehension measures based on written summaries, demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention. On social studies content measures, the intervention and the content groups showed higher performance than the control group, indicating that embedding the text-structure training did not lessen the amount of social studies content acquired. The study confirms previous findings and extends our earlier work by showing that all 5 basic text structures can be taught to second graders effectively within the academic year. Robust transfer effects were found on typical reading comprehension tasks (sentence completion, questions) when the text continued to be well structured, and there was also evidence of transfer to authentic (ill-structured) text. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Characterization of propagation and scattering via wavefield imaging for improved in situ imaging of damage in composites

Detection, localization, and characterization of impact damage in composites using in situ transducers are important objectives for the aerospace industry to both reduce maintenance costs and prevent failures. A network of piezoelectric transducers spatially distributed over an area of interest is one practical configuration for utilizing guided waves to accomplish these objectives. Detecting and localizing barely visible impact damage with such a sparse array has been demonstrated in prior work, and improvements in localization were demonstrated by incorporating fairly crude estimates of scattering patterns in the imaging algorithms. Here we obtain more estimates of scattering patterns from a simulated defect by employing baseline subtraction of wavefield data recorded in a circle centered at the scatterer. Scattering patterns are estimated from the wavefield residual signals before and after simulated damage is introduced and the estimated scattering patterns are then incorporated into sparse array imaging via the minimum variance imaging method. Images created with different scattering patterns are compared and the efficacy of the methodology is assessed.
Compressed tries

This paper presents a new data structure, called a compressed trie or C-trie, to be used in information retrieval systems. It has the same underlying m-ary tree structure as a trie, where m is a parameter of the trie, but whereas the fields of the nodes in a trie have to be large enough to hold a key or at least a pointer, the fields in a C-trie are only one bit long. In the analysis part of the paper it will be shown that for a collection of n keys the retrieval time, measured in terms of bit inspections of one key, is of the order logmn and the storage requirement of the order n·(m + log2n) bits. This improvement in storage requirements and retrieval time is achieved at the cost of decreasing the flexibility of the structure, and therefore updating costs are increased. First the C-trie is analyzed as a data structure, and then several methods of its use for relatively static databases are discussed.
Application of modified hemostasis and drainage methods in radical masterectomy for breast cancer

Objective To explore modified hemostasis and drainage methods in treating bleeding after radical masterectomy for breast cancer.Methods 96 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy(research group)were treated with absorbable gelatin sponge stuffed and bandaged in the axillary area and axillary perivascular joint as well as continuous suction drainage for postoperative hemostasis.The other 82 patients with the same surgery method (control group) were treated with conventional bandage and continuous negative pressure drainage.postoperative hemostatic effect were observed and compared between 2 groups.Results Drainage volume and postoperative extubation time within 2 h after operation in research group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the incidence rate of subcutaneous fluid decreased significantly as well.Length of stay and wound healing time in research group were significantly shorter than the control groupConclusion Modified hemostasis and drainage methods can effectively improve effect of hemostasis after radical masterectomy for breast cancer.
Bioindicators of Contaminant Exposure

If an investigator wants to know if an animal under natural conditions was exposed to certain contaminants, there are several things that he or she can do. Presumably, the investigator already has some idea that the contaminant(s) of interest are present in the environment; whether in air, water, sediment, or soil; and that they are at concentrations that can cause problems based on information from scientific literature. The investigator should certainly know if the animal is in potential contact with the contaminants. For example, if the contaminants were only found in sediments or water and the animal in question was terrestrial, the risk that the animal would be exposed is likely very small.
Adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury: part 1: prevalence of medical complications.

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of medical complications of adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) and their association with demographic, impairment, and functional limitation factors.Method: Structured interview including standardized measures.Participants: Individuals who sustained spinal cord injuries at age 18 years or younger and were 24 years of age or older at interview.Outcome Measures: Prevalence of medical complications: Urinary tract infections (UTI) requiring intravenous antibiotics or hospitalization (severe UTI), pressure ulcers, hemorrhoids and rectal bleeding, chronic medical conditions, and hospitalizations in the past 3 years. Urinary stones, orchitis or epididymitis, pneumonia, ventilatory assistance, thromboembolism, and latex allergy since injury. Current experience with UTI, bladder and bowel incontinence, bowel program length, constipation or diarrhea, dysreflexia, and hyperhidrosis.Results: Two hundred sixteen individuals were interviewed, with a mean ...
Carbon management of infrastructure performance: Integrated big data analytics and pavement-vehicle-interactions

Abstract As a crucial part of the transportation system, roadway network provides mobility to the society and is vital for the economy. At the same time it contributes significantly to the environmental footprint during its construction, operation and maintenance. Hence, the sustainable development of our Nation's roadway system requires quantitative means to link infrastructure performance to lifecycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent developments in mechanistic models of roughness- and deflection-induced pavement-vehicle interaction aim at providing such engineering estimates. Herein, it is demonstrated that these models when implemented at a network scale are a powerful basis for big data analytics of excess-energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by integrating spatially and temporally varying road conditions, pavement properties, traffic loads and climatic conditions. A novel ranking algorithm is proposed, that allows upscaling of the local carbon dioxide emissions due to pavement vehicle interaction to the size of state-wide or national sustainability goals. Implemented for 5157 lane-miles of the interstate highway system in the State of Virginia, sections contributing significantly to carbon dioxide emissions are identified. It is shown that the proposed ranking algorithm based on the inferred emission that exhibits a power-law distribution, provides the shortest path for greenhouse gas emissions savings per maintenance at network scale. That is, maintaining a few lane miles allows for a significant synergetic improvement of both infrastructure performance and environmental impact of the interstate network and helps transportation agencies in making economic and environmentally sustainable decisions.
Some Economists Rush to Rescue Science from Politics, Only to Discover in Their Haste, They Went to the Wrong Address

Does a particular political predilection, often associated with neoliberalism, tend to foster skepticism towards modern science? In the middle of the last decade, a number of journalists thought so (Mooney, 2005); and with the election of Barack Obama, many of those same journalists rejoiced that now science would once more be restored to its rightful place in the polity. But attitudes towards both science and politics turn out to be much more entrenched, with roots running deep into theories of political economy, and thus exhibiting a more stubborn persistence than most of those commentators realized. Indeed, currently attitudes towards the politics of science are heavily bound up with the extent to which science is seen to readily respond to public ‘demands’, something that is frequently conflated to the extent to which science is subordinate to the dictates of the marketplace. Consequently, it will prove useful to summarize some recent developments in the economics of science to begin to comprehend why science is still under stress in the modern polity.
Educational Governance Reforms: The Uncertain Role of Local School Boards in the United States

In the U.S., local school boards have long played a prominent role in governing public education. States have authority for public education via the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which reserves powers to the states that the Constitution does not delegate to the federal government or prohibit states from assuming. In the mid-1800s, states began establishing state-wide public school systems. States provide for elementary and secondary public education through their constitutions and statutes, and nearly all states authorize local school boards to govern individual school districts. The majority of funding for public education comes from state governments and local taxes
Targeted Overexpression of the Transcription Factor XBP-1 in B Cells Promotes Plasma Cell and Lymphoplasmacytic Neoplasms in Transgenic Mice.

Abstract The transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) plays critical roles in the unfolded protein response (UPR), the differentiation of plasma cells, and the regulation of growth factor signaling pathways. XBP-1 is subject to regulation by alternative RNA processing producing XBP-1-spliced (S) and -unspliced (U) mRNAs encoding proteins with identical DNA-binding and bZIP domains yet distinct C-terminal transactivation domains. The weaker transactivation potential of XBP-1(U) has prompted speculation that it may influence XBP-1(S) activity as a transdominant mutant. While elevated XBP-1 expression has been reported in transformed cells, the relative ratios of these XBP-1 isoforms and associated physiological relevance in cancer are uncertain. Here, we assessed the differential impact of enforced XBP-1(S) versus XBP-1(U) transgene expression in the B cell lineage. Both transgenes elicited early onset antibody-dependent autoimmune disease characterized by elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and IL-6 production, increased numbers of marginal zone and mature follicular B cells in the spleen, and expanded mature B cell populations in the bone marrow. Notably, aged XBP-1(S) mice developed clonal plasma cell expansions, culminating in the human-equivalent of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) or Multiple Myeloma (MM). Conversely, XBP-1(U) mice develop multi-organ lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and, with advancing age, succumb to neoplasms resembling human Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM). These unanticipated genetic observations in the mouse were translated to human disease with documentation of elevated levels of XBP-1(S) in MM and XBP-1(U) in LPL/WM. Together, these results indicate that imbalances in XBP-1(S) and XBP-1(U) alters B cell lineage homeostasis and can drive two distinct types of lymphoplasmacytic neoplasms in vivo. The findings of this study, together with the known capacity of XBP-1 to regulate various cancer-relevant growth factor signaling pathways, predicts that epigenetic dysregulation of alternate XBP-1 RNA processing can promote age-associated B cell malignancies in humans.
Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of amphibians of the world

The coccidia are protists (phylum Apicomplexa) that, likely, are both the most abundant (numbers of individual zoites) and most speciose of all the kinds of parasites found in, or on vertebrate animals. They also are among the least studied and understood, with the exception of those species that cause pathology in domesticated hosts. Here we review and evaluate all published descriptions of coccidians within the largest family of the phylum, Eimeriidae Minchin 1903, because there has never been a detailed taxonomic summation for those species that infect amphibians. About 35 of the named species are invalid, either because rules concerning the naming of new species (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) were not followed and/or the original description was so incomplete as to be of little use; such names have been relegated to species inquirendae, incertae sedis, or nomen nuda. The class Amphibia has three orders, 56 families, 464 genera and 6009 species (Frost et al. 2006). There are no coccidia known from 41 of the 56 (73%) families, 436 of the 464 (94%) genera and 5964 of the 6009 (>99%) species. In the Anura (frogs), only 14 of the 44 (32%) families (Bombinatoridae, Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Hylidae, Hyperoliidae, Leptodactyllidae, Limnodynastidae, Megophyridae, Microhylidae, Pipidae, Ptychadenidae, Pyxicephalidae, Ranidae, Rhacophoridae), 30 of the 388 (8.8%) genera, and 67 of the 5283 (1.2%) species have been examined for coccidia and 30 coccidia are known (18 Eimeria, 9 Isospora, 2 Goussia, and 1 Hyaloklossia species). In the Urodela (salamanders), 7 of the 9 (78%) families (Ambystomatidae, Amphiumidae, Cryptobranchidae, Plethodontidae, Proteidae, Salamandridae, Sirenidae), 18 of the 64 (28%) genera and 45 of the 553 (8%) species have been examined and 21 coccidia are known (19 Eimeria and 2 Isospora species). In the Gymnophiona (caecilians), only 1 of 3 (33%) families, 1 of 12 (8%) genera, and only 1 of the 173 (0.6%) species, Dermophis mexicanus (family Caeciliidae), have been examined and 1 Eimeria species is known. Also in the Amphibia, there are 10 species inquirendae (a species of doubtful identity), 22 incertae sedis (uncertain taxonomic position), and 5 names are considered nomen nuda. In general, herpetologists are encouraged to be more receptive to working with parasitologists to use comparative parasite data that might provide insights into amphibian evolution and habitat use. The eimeriid coccidia are ideal parasites for such cooperative efforts because they can be collected easily by noninvasive fecal collections.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein Concentration in Saliva Does Not Correlate With Eosinophil Cationic Protein Concentration in Sputum

2003;123;372S Chest David L. Bowton, Michael C. Seeds and David A. Bass * Cationic Protein Concentration in Sputum Saliva Does Not Correlate With Eosinophil Eosinophil Cationic Protein Concentration in http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/123/3_suppl/372S.1.full.html services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( written permission of the copyright holder. this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of Copyright2003by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest
Abstract P166: The Effect of a Muscadine Grape Extract on Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Cardiac Damage

Muscadine grapes, indigenous to the southeastern United States, are a dietary source of polyphenols, such as ellagic acid, quercetin, and resveratrol, which have both anti-inflammatory and antioxid...
When Leaders Suppress Employee Voice: Leader Narcissism and Employee Voice in a Relational Context

Drawing from the relative deprivation theory (Crosby, 1976) and answering the call for broader and more fine-grained examination of leader influences on employee voice (Morrison, 2011), in this stu...
A Triaxial Applicator for the Measurement of the Electromagnetic Properties of Materials

The design, analysis, and fabrication of a prototype triaxial applicator is described. The applicator provides both reflected and transmitted signals that can be used to characterize the electromagnetic properties of materials in situ. A method for calibrating the probe is outlined and validated using simulated data. Fabrication of the probe is discussed, and measured data for typical absorbing materials and for the probe situated in air are presented. The simulations and measurements suggest that the probe should be useful for measuring the properties of common radar absorbing materials under usual in situ conditions.
Cultural Involvement and Preference in Immigrant Acculturation

Measures of cultural involvement (CI) and cultural preference (CP) incorporate Berry’s integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization outcomes, locating them at the ends of two axes suggested by Szapocznik et al. (International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 4 (3–4), 353–365, 1980) in a bidimensional space formed by origin culture and destination culture scales. Each measure combines information from both origin culture and destination culture scales, retains the continuous properties of these scales, connects two of the four-category acculturation outcomes, and has theoretical significance and potential comparability across studies of different immigrant populations. Together they offer a quantitative measure of variations in the structural relation between an immigrant group and its new destination culture, and should reveal new insights into the acculturation process.
Measuring and Managing Blood Pressure in a Primary Care Setting: A Pragmatic Implementation Study

Background: Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential to hypertension diagnosis and management. Automated office blood pressure (AOBP) and home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) may improve assessment, but barriers exist in primary care settings. Methods: We implemented an AOBP/HBPM program in a primary care clinic in 2015 to 2016. Patients with elevated BP determined by guideline-quality observed BP measurement and/or AOBP entered the HBPM program. Patients with average home BP ≥ 135/85 mm Hg provided HBPM results for medication adjustment. Clinic staff and patients completed satisfaction questionnaires. Results: Initial HBPM results in 183 patients with elevated office BP revealed white-coat BP elevation in 35% of untreated patients and in 37% of treated patients. The prevalence of white-coat BP elevation was similar whether enrollment BP was by observed BP or AOBP. Subsequent HBPM facilitated BP control in 49% of patients with elevated home BP. Most providers, staff, and patients endorsed the utility of the program. Barriers to implementation included a temporary period of incorrect AOBP technique, patients failing to provide HBPM results, and incorrect HBPM technique. Discussion: Our clinic-based AOBP/HBPM program detected white-coat BP elevation in one third of enrolled patients, facilitated control of home BP, and was acceptable to staff and patients. We identified barriers to be addressed to ensure sustainability.
On the Use of Services to Support Numerical Weather Prediction

The challenges of building an effective grid-based problem solving environment that truly extends and embraces a computational scientist’s traditional tools are multifold. It is far too easy to build simple stovepipes that allow fixed use patterns, that don’t extend a scientist’s desktop, and fail to encompass the full range of patterns that a scientist needs to find such a problem-solving environment as a liberating and enabling tool. In the LEAD project, we have focused on the most challenging users of numerical weather prediction, namely, the atmospheric science researchers, who are prone to use their own tools, their own modified versions of community codes such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and are typically comfortable with elaborate shell scripts to perform the work they find to be necessary to succeed, to drive our development efforts. Our response to these challenges includes a multi-level workflow engine, to handle both the challenges of ensemble description and execution, as well as the detailed patterns of workflow on each computational resource; services to support the peculiarities of each platform being used to do the modeling (such as on TeraGrid), and the use of an RDF triple store and message bus together as the backbone of our notification, logging, and metadata infrastructure. The design of our problem-solving environment elements attempts to come to grips with lack of control of elements surrounding and supporting the environment; we achieve this through multiple mechanisms including using the OSGI plug-in architecture, as well as the use of RDF triples as our finest-grain descriptive element. This combination, we believe, is an important stepping stone to building a cyber environment, which aims to provide flexibility and ease of use far beyond the current range of typical problem solving environments.
Analysis and Identification of Multidimensional Singularities Using the Continuous Shearlet Transform

In this chapter, we illustrate the properties of the continuous shearlet transform with respect to its ability to describe the set of singularities of multidimensional functions and distributions. This is of particular interest since singularities and other irregular structures typically carry the most essential information in multidimensional phenomena. Consider, for example, the edges of natural images or the moving fronts in the solutions of transport equations. In the following, we show that the continuous shearlet transform provides a precise geometrical characterization of the singularity sets of multidimensional functions and precisely characterizes the boundaries of 2D and 3D regions through its asymptotic decay at fine scales. These properties go far beyond the continuous wavelet transform and other classical methods, and set the groundwork for very competitive algorithms for edge detection and feature extraction of 2D and 3D data.
The Association of Christian Schools International

Since the time of Jesus Christ, parents have sought to educate their children according to a distinctively Christian worldview aligned with biblical principles. In order to accomplish this more effectively, like-minded groups have banded together forming school associations. One such organization is the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI). This chapter begins by examining the events that led to ACSI’s formation in 1978 when three existing associations merged to more effectively facilitate the growing American Christian school movement. ACSI got off to a successful start largely because of the leadership team of Dr. Paul A. Kienel and Dr. Roy W. Lowrie, Jr. They provided organizational expertise, academic credibility, and spiritual depth. The second part of this chapter examines the international reach of ACSI services including the development of global regional offices and its pioneering work among international Christian schools. There are now 13 North American and 5 international regional offices staffed by highly respected Christian school leaders. The most significant potential for future growth for ACSI lies overseas and so the final section provides a detailed overview of ACSI’s work in Asia, Europe and the CIS, Africa, and Latin America and the global issues facing each region. The future looks brightest for the Christian school movement, not nationally here in America, but rather internationally, and ACSI is strategically positioned to contribute to the cause for decades to come.
Contingent Valuation Study of The Environmental Costs of Electricity Generating Technologies

The environmental costs of electricity generation technologies are the total value of risks imposed on society by the environmental effects of those technologies. The economic value of environmental risks is the amount that society would be willing to pay to avoid those risks or the amount society would require as compensation to accept those risks voluntarily.2
Ultrastructure of the Gunn rat substantia nigra. II. Mitochondrial changes.

The substantia nigra of hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats was studied using light and electron microscopic techniques. PAS-positive inclusions were observed within the neuronal somata of animals 2 to 12 weeks old. Incubation of tissue sections in 0.5% diastase inhibited most of the positive PAS reaction, thus indicating the intraneuronal presence of glycogen.
Insights into the molecular mechanism for hyperpolarization-dependent activation of HCN channels.

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are both voltage- and ligand-activated membrane proteins that contribute to electrical excitability and pace-making activity in cardiac and neuronal cells. These channels are members of the voltage-gated Kv channel superfamily and cyclic nucleotide-binding domain subfamily of ion channels. HCN channels have a unique feature that distinguishes them from other voltage-gated channels: the HCN channel pore opens in response to hyperpolarizing voltages instead of depolarizing voltages. In the canonical model of electromechanical coupling, based on Kv channels, a change in membrane voltage activates the voltage-sensing domains (VSD) and the activation energy passes to the pore domain (PD) through a covalent linker that connects the VSD to the PD. In this investigation, the covalent linkage between the VSD and PD, the S4-S5 linker, and nearby regions of spHCN channels were mutated to determine the functional role each plays in hyperpolarization-dependent activation. The results show that: (i) the S4-S5 linker is not required for hyperpolarization-dependent activation or ligand-dependent gating; (ii) the S4 C-terminal region (S4C-term) is not necessary for ligand-dependent gating but is required for hyperpolarization-dependent activation and acts like an autoinhibitory domain on the PD; (iii) the S5N-term region is involved in VSD–PD coupling and holding the pore closed; and (iv) spHCN channels have two voltage-dependent processes, a hyperpolarization-dependent activation and a depolarization-dependent recovery from inactivation. These results are inconsistent with the canonical model of VSD–PD coupling in Kv channels and elucidate the mechanism for hyperpolarization-dependent activation of HCN channels.
The FDA's Proposed Ban on Menthol Cigarettes.

The FDA’s Proposed Ban on Menthol Cigarettes A proposed ban on menthol cigarettes marks a new chapter in a decades-long debate over the science of addiction, the public health costs, the marketing ...
Language Performance of Individuals at Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment

Purpose Evidence exists that changes in language performance may be an early indicator of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often a harbinger of dementing disease. The purpose of this study was the ...
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Barrett’s-Related Neoplasia

Barrett’s esophagus is the primary precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Historically, dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus has been treated with esophagectomy. Recent advances in endoscopic eradication techniques have resulted in minimally invasive treatments for early Barrett’s-associated neoplasia. Here, we discuss endoscopic mucosal resection techniques for Barrett’s-related neoplasia. These techniques have been demonstrated to be very safe and effective for the treatment of early neoplasia and represent a critical adjunct in the overall endoscopic management of Barrett’s esophagus.
‘The miserable slaves, the degraded serfs’: Frederick Douglass, Anglo-Saxonism, and the Mexican War

This essay examines Frederick Douglass’s use of the term ‘Anglo-Saxon’ in the contexts of both American slavery and Anglo-American relations. Douglass’s critical perspective on the national narrative about Anglo-Saxonism during the Mexican War allowed him to identify loopholes by which he and other black writers could enter the mainstream American timeline of progress. The Romantic Anglo-Saxonism in vogue at the time was already shadowy and open to individual interpretation. Douglass isolated two features of Anglo-Saxonism in this period that were advantageous for his anti-colonizationalist agenda – literacy, a crucial part of the ideology’s imperialism, and the temporality of linear progress. This essay contends that he sought to remove these legacies from exclusively white control.
Maternal Place of Birth, Socioeconomic Characteristics, and Child Health in US-Born Latinx Children in Boston

Abstract Objective Among US-born children of Latina US (USB) and Latina foreign-born mothers (FBM), to determine whether 1) household and child characteristics differ; 2) child health outcomes differ; 3) these differences diminish for children of FBM with longer duration of residence in the United States; and 4) these differences can be explained by food insecurity (FI) or by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 2145 Latina mothers of publicly insured US-born children 0 to 48 months old in a Boston emergency department (ED) 2004 to 2013. Predictors were FBM versus USBM and duration of residence in the United States. Outcomes were mothers’ report of child health, history of hospitalization, developmental risk, and hospital admission on the day of ED visit. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders and effect modification. Results FBM versus USBM households had more household (31% vs 26%) and child (19% vs 11%) FI and lower SNAP participation (44% vs 67%). Children of FBM versus USBM were more likely to be reported in fair/poor versus good/excellent health (adjusted odds ratios 1.9, 95% confidence interval [1.4, 2.6]), with highest odds for children of FBM with shortest duration of residence, and to be admitted to the hospital on the day of the ED visit (adjusted odds ratios 1.7, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 2.2]). SNAP and FI did not fully explain these outcomes. Conclusion When providing care and creating public policies, clinicians and policymakers should consider higher rates of food insecurity, lower SNAP participation, and risk for poor health outcomes in Latinx children of FBM.
Writing Partners: Service Learning as a Route to Authority for Basic Writers

My paper is a piece of classic persuasion: I want to convince compositionists and service-learning practitioners that basic writing instruction and service-learning projects can go hand in hand. This article is about the potential of service-learning in basic writing classes; it is about how basic writing students can serve as not just competent, but excellent, mentors through writing; it is about the kind of confidence through authority that basic writing students can obtain from this type of service learning. Specifically, I assert that the Writing Partners project described in this article is a viable and effective service-learning venture for students placed in basic writing classes. Writing Partners is a program developed by Write to Succeed, an organization started by a group of graduate students in Rhetoric and Com
Diagnosis of Hyperprogressive Disease in Patients Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors Using 18F-FDG PET/CT.

TO THE EDITOR: A recent ahead-of-print publication by Castello et al. ([1][1]) provides fascinating insights on the potential prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with non–small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The authors unraveled the prognostic value
Patient transfers during hospitalization: An examination of intra facility patient locations using network analysis

Patient movements following hospitalization are difficult to track. In a large Midwestern academic institution, we analyzed data using network statistics for patients discharged by the hospitalist service between June 2016-June 2018. We retrieved all major patient movements logged in the patient throughput management system following admission. The 4,869 patients discharged by the hospitalist service during the study period experienced 6,832 movements. The mean was 1.4 movements per patient while the maximum was 8. Most patients (72.3%) moved once following hospitalization while 27.7% moved more than once. The predominant movement type was downgrades which comprised 51.8% (n = 3,543) of all movements. Lateral movements were the next most common (25.9%, n = 1,771). Network statistics revealed progressive care units to be central to patient flow across the system. Transfers following hospitalization are common. Visualizing these transfers using network statistics may provide valuable insights to enhance patient safety.
Development of toxicoinformatics

Abstract Toxicology information systems have evolved swiftly from early, library-based bibliographic tools to advanced packages utilizing sophisticated computer and telecommunication technologies. These systems have evolved concurrently with the rapid expansion of the science of toxicology itself. Bibliographic files such as TOXLINE represent first attempts to handle the toxicology literature through online retrieval. Subsequent approaches applied the use of computers to provide literature-derived data, as in the HSDB or RTECS databanks, or to capture data directly from the laboratory. More advanced systems are utilizing computational and analytical approaches to extract knowledge from the laboratory data to predict outcomes. Societal concerns about hazardous substances, manifested in legislation and regulations, have been responsible for the generation of much toxicity information and the impetus to systematically collect and disseminate these data. Scientific progress in molecular biology, chemistry, and bioinformatics combined with advances in information technologies are also impacting the supply of toxicology information. The amount of information has risen dramatically over the years and it is more accessible and current than ever before. However, in order to derive meaning from the mounds of data and information, the field must rise to the challenge of fostering data accessibility, promoting data standards, and ensuring data quality.
Forest density intensifies the importance of snowpack to growth in water-limited pine forests

Warming climate and resulting declines in seasonal snowpack have been associated with drought stress and tree mortality in seasonally snow-covered watersheds worldwide. Meanwhile, increasing forest density has further exacerbated drought stress due to intensified tree-tree competition. Using a uniquely detailed data set of population-level forest growth (n = 2,495 sampled trees), we examined how inter-annual variability in growth relates to snow volume across a range of forest densities (e.g., competitive environments) in sites spanning a broad aridity gradient across the United States. Forest growth was positively related to snowpack in water-limited forests located at low latitude, and this relationship was intensified by forest density. However, forest growth was negatively related to snowpack in a higher latitude more energy-limited forest, and this relationship did not interact with forest density. Future reductions in snowpack may have contrasting consequences, as growth may respond positively in energy-limited forests and negatively in water-limited forests; however, these declines may be mitigated by reducing stand density through forest thinning.
Should PLEX Be Used for Severe AKI and/or Pulmonary Hemorrhage in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV)? PRO.

For decades, plasma exchange (PLEX) has been advocated for patients with rapidly progressive GN and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage due to ANCA (1 ⇓–3). Autoantibodies in ANCA vasculitis are typically directed to one of two proteins, myeloperoxidase or proteinase-3 (PR3). These autoantibodies are pathogenic and trigger disease activity, activating primed neutrophils and monocytes, leading to vessel injury, and activation of the alternative complement pathway (4). PLEX can rapidly clear these pathogenic autoantibodies, potentially abolishing the inciting cause of ANCA vasculitis. An early controlled study of PLEX for small-vessel vasculitis included 23 patients treated with standardized immunosuppression and 25 who received PLEX in addition (1). Among those who were dialysis dependent at presentation, 91% (10 out of 11) who received PLEX had improvement in kidney function at 1 month, compared with 38% (three out of eight) of those in the group who did not receive PLEX. The subsequent Randomized Trial of Plasma Exchange or High-dosage Methylprednisolone as Adjunctive Therapy for Severe Renal Vasculitis (MEPEX) study included patients with ANCA vasculitis and severe renal failure, defined as a serum creatinine above 5.8 mg/dl (500 μmol/L) randomized to receive PLEX or pulse intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone (5). A renal biopsy was required for inclusion. Among the 137 patients randomized, 67 received IV methylprednisolone and 70 received PLEX administered as a total of seven exchanges within 14 days of enrollment. The primary outcome was renal recovery at 3 months, defined as dialysis independence and serum creatinine <5.8 mg/dl (500 μmol/L). At 3 months, 49% of the IV methylprednisolone group achieved renal recovery compared with 69% ( P =0.02) of the PLEX group. At 12 months, each group had 51 surviving participants, and 59% (29 out of 51) in the IV methylprednisolone arm remained dialysis independent, compared with 80% (41 out of 51) who received PLEX …
A gill-mimicking thermoelectric generator (TEG) for waste heat recovery and self-powering wearable devices

A waste heat recovery unit can transfer heat at high temperatures to another energy form for specific purposes with increasing energy efficiency. The heat recovered from nature or human body systems for generating electricity or powering wearable devices is a good example of green and sustainable power sources. Currently available thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can convert heat into electricity. However, they lack mechanical flexibility and specially designed structures to efficiently harvest energy from low temperature (≤100 °C) surfaces, e.g., hot water pipes, car roofs, or human skin. Here, we report bottom-up manufacturing that scaled up molecular-level polymer-nanoparticle hybridization to device-level units, thus bridging nanoscale material interactions to macroscale energy conversion efficiency. In situ polymerization optimized the interface between polyaniline (PANi) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to reach a higher power factor (i.e., ∼1.25 μW m−1 K−2) than the directly mixed PANi/MWNT samples (i.e., ∼0.8 μW m−1 K−2), both with a high nanotube concentration of 58.7 wt%. With a rapidly prototyped thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate, the PANi/MWNT hybrids formed a bio-inspired, gill-mimicking, and flexible thermoelectric generator (fTEG). These out-of-plane structures with PANi/MWNTs as gills showed highly efficient energy transformation on the surfaces of hot water containers (∼100 °C), car roofs (∼38 °C), and human skin (∼37 °C). The PANi/MWNT fTEG showed excellent mechanical durability with improved stiffness and strength than pure PANi, fatigue resistance, and bendability most appropriate for powering wearable sensors. With a strain switch, the fTEG is able to power a sensing system that reveals biosignals, such as joint movement and respiration, in the long term. The self-powered sensing system applies to wearable smart devices and demonstrates the potential for using the thermoelectric effect as an alternative power source.