cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FEAR OF CRIME AND VICTIMIZATION AMONG THE ELDERLY IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMUNITIES

The central issue examined here is the effect that community setting, relative to other factors, has on victimization and fear of crime among the elderly. Findings are from 1,410 in-home interviews in two retirement communities (age homogeneous) and two age-heterogeneous communities. Victimization of elderly is low in all communities, and although nearly half of the respondents have some fear of crime, the percentage reporting great fear of crime is low. Victimization and fear of crime are only weakly related to one another, and the regression model for each does not account for much variance. But both are significantly related to the type of community, and fear of crime is also related to other variables. The greater the age density of the community (greater concentration of elderly), the less crime and less fear of crime. Living arrangements, sociodemographic variables, and health status of the elderly as indicators of personal vulnerability to crime are not related to victimization, but are related to fear of crime, and effects of community setting on fear of crime are reduced when these other variables are taken into account. Suggestions for other, unmeasured, sources of variations and implications for future research are presented.
Measurement of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Receptor Turnover by Dense Amino Acid Labeling: Changes during Receptor Up-Regulation by Vitamin D Metabolites*

We have previously demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] receptors are up-regulated by exposure to 24,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D metabolites in several mammalian cell culture systems as well as in vivo in rats. The goal of the current study was to determine how changes in receptor turnover could give rise to increased receptor levels after treatment with 24,25-(OH)2D3, whether by an increased rate of synthesis or a decreased rate of degradation. Receptor turnover was studied by the dense amino acid shift technique in cultured pig kidney cells (LLC-PK1). In control cells, the halflife of the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor was estimated to be 4.3 ± 0.4 h, with a degradation rate constant (kD) of 0.16 ± 0.01 h-1. In parallel experiments, cells were treated with 24,25-(OH)2D3 for about 48 h to reach a new up-regulated steady state before the measurement of receptor turnover. In up-regulated cells, the receptor half-life was prolonged to 8.9 ± 1.0 h and the kD was 0.07 ± 0.01 h-1. Assuming a ste...
An alternative organizational structure to address the technology requirements in health science library information in the '80's

Virginia Commonwealth University's University Library Services offers through its organizational structure an opportunity for librarians to work directly with media experts. University Library Services envisions the future librarian as an information manager, information specialist, and teacher. In joining together Technical Services, Public Services, Collection Management, Special Collections, Learning Resource Centers, Media Producticn Center, AV Services, TV Services, Engineering and Telecommunications, the librarian is in an environment which gives the opportunity for growth and support by media expertise.
Phase control of series resonant converter

A phase-controlled series resonant DC-DC power converter is described, analyzed, and experimentally verified. The circuit consists of a phase-controlled inverter and a Class D current-driven rectifier. The phase-controlled inverter comprises two conventional Class D inverters driving the same AC load. The phase shift between the voltages that drive the MOSFETs is varied to control the AC current of the inverter and thereby regulate the DC output voltage of the converter. A frequency-domain analysis is used to derive basic equations which govern the circuit operation. The important advantage of the converter is that the operating frequency can be maintained constant. Unlike most phase-controlled converters, the load of each switching leg is inductive for operation above resonance and capacitive for operation below resonance, which is a very desirable feature. The theoretical and experimental results obtained were in good agreement. >
A Spectroscopic Study of the Epidermal Ultraviolet Chromophore trans-Urocanic Acid

Photoacoustic calorimetry and steady-state spectroscopic techniques are used to investigate the wavelength-dependent photoreactivity of trans-urocanic acid under representative physiological conditions in vitro. The maxima of the emission and excitation spectra and the value of ΔrH, the reaction enthalpy as determined from photoacoustic measurements, varied as a function of the excitation wavelength. From these data, we are able to confirm that the photolysis of trans-UA at 266 nm (the peak of the absorption spectrum where isomerization is inefficient) generates a long-lived electronically excited triplet state that lies approximately 230 kJ/mol above the ground state. Isomerization does not occur from this triplet electronic state, but bimolecular energy transfer to O2, generating 1Δg (O2), does occur. Excitation of trans-UA at 308 nm (in the tail of the absorption spectrum) does not lead to triplet state formation. Instead, excitation at this wavelength leads to isomerization. Using measured isomerizati...
Video thermometer and humidity indicator

This paper describes the features and design details for a video thermometer and humidity indicator (VTHI) The VTHI displays the ambient temperature and relative humidity on a NTSC standard television screen. The goal is to overlay the character information on top of a background video display. This will allow the user to get the desired information without interrupting the program. The temperature and humidity data will remain on the screen for five seconds. The displayed characters will be white with a black background. The circuitry required for this design includes temperature and humidity transducer interfaces, sync separation circuitry, digital timing and character generation circuitry, and video switching and amplification circuitry.
LEARNING APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY IN FIELD SCHOOLS: LESSONS FROM BOSNIA AND ROMANIA

This chapter illustrates how principles of applied anthropology can be learned through ethnographic or “cultural” field schools. Aside from a well-rounded classroom education, aspiring applied anthropologists ideally should have substantial “experience in the field” before graduating, either through individualized experiences (the more common approach), or through group experiences. The chapter focuses on the latter, and discusses how such field experiences can enhance a student's emerging undergraduate or graduate career track. In addition, using two complementary types of field school (Project Bosnia and Project Romania, both at the University of Denver), the author addresses the concept of pragmatic humanitarianism, as well as the benefits of hands-on group experiences of this nature for students and civil society at large.
The Inexorable Rise of the VAT: Is the US Next?

The rise of the Value Added Tax (VAT) from obscure beginnings in the 1950s to one of the most important taxes in the world (by revenue collected) is a story worth telling, and Kathryn James does a magnificent job in telling it in her new book. Despite its significance, very little is known about why so many countries have adopted the VAT and, in particular, why different countries adopt the types of VAT that they do. The popular mythology provides that the merits of the VAT have underpinned its global spread; however, this book contends that much scholarship on the VAT confuses the question of why the VAT has risen to dominance with the issue of what makes a good VAT. The book combines policy and legal analysis to propose a new way of understanding the rise of this important revenue instrument so as to better reflect the realities of the VATs that are actually implemented.
Phonon profiles in superconducting YNi 2 B 2 C and LuNi 2 B 2 C

We performed a systematic inelastic neutron scattering, between 4 and 620 K, of the profiles of the anomalous acoustic and optic phonon observed in both compounds in the vicinity of {rvec {xi}}{sub m}{congruent}(0.5 0 0). Above T{sub c} we find that, in both compounds, the frequencies of the acoustic modes decrease with decreasing temperature and there is intensity transfer from the upper (optic) to the lower (acoustic) mode. The frequencies of the optic modes of the Y compound, on the other hand, decrease slower than those of the Lu compound as the temperature decreases towards T{sub c} and, as a result, the two branches approach each other in the Lu compound, whereas they separate in the Y compound. In both compounds the observed phonon profiles above T{sub c} can be described satisfactorily in terms of a simple couple-mode model. Comparison of the phonon spectra of the two compounds below T{sub c} demonstrates that the sharp peak at approximately 4 meV with a broad shoulder at the higher-energy side, observed in both compounds, arises from the change in the acoustic phonon profile upon entering the superconducting state. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Sarcomere number regulation maintained after immobilization in desmin-null mouse skeletal muscle.

The serial sarcomere number of skeletal muscle changes in response to chronic length perturbation. The role of the intermediate filament desmin in regulating these changes was investigated by comparing the architectural adaptations of the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus from wild-type mice with those of homozygous desmin knockout mice after hindlimb immobilization. After 28 days, serial sarcomere number increased significantly in the lengthened wild-type tibialis anterior (by approximately 9 %) and EDL (by approximately 17 %). Surprisingly, muscles from desmin knockout mice also experienced significant serial remodeling, with the serial sarcomere number of the tibialis anterior increasing by approximately 10 % and that of the EDL by approximately 27 %. A consistent result was observed in the shortened soleus: a significant decrease in sarcomere number was observed in the muscles from both wild-type (approximately 26 %) and knockout (approximately 12 %) mice. Thus, although desmin is not essential for sarcomerogenesis or sarcomere subtraction in mouse hindlimb muscles, the results do suggest subtle differences in the nature of sarcomere number adaptation. We speculate that desmin may play a role in regulating the optimal arrangement of sarcomeres within the muscle or in sensing the magnitude of the immobilization effect itself.
Some Thoughts on the Microcar Complete Interiors Development

The article briefly expounds the concept of the microcar complete interiors and its development plan,and emphasized the process of the microcar complete interiors and the items to attention.
Comparative Analysis of Three Methods for Serological Detection of Syphilis

[Objective]To compare the application values of rapid plasma regain(RPR) circle card test,Treponema pallidum particle agglutination(TPPA) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(TP-ELISA) in the serological screening for syphilis. [Methods]The serological detection of syphilis was conducted in 800 serum samples which were collected from waitresses in entertainment places with RPR,TPPA and TP-ELISA simultaneously,and the results were compared and analyzed. [Results]Among 800 serum samples,6 cases were positive in RPR,22 were positive in TPPA,and 24 were positive in TP-ELISA.The correlation between TPPA and TP-ELISA was high. [Conclusion]TP-ELISA is an ideal method of serological screening for syphilis.
Methods for Investigating Placental Fatty Acid Transport

Fatty acids (FAs), especially essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFAs) derivatives, are critical for proper fetal development. The fetus relies on the placental transfer of EFAs from the maternal circulation for development. In fact, fatty acid transfer is highly directional from the mother to the fetus. Significant changes in placental fatty acid transport and metabolism, the two primary processes that govern placental FA supply from mother to fetus, can subsequently result in aberrant fetal fatty acid/lipid homeostasis and dramatically increase the risk of abnormal fetal development. Besides passive diffusion, specific fatty acid transfer conferring proteins can actively mediate directional placental fatty acid uptake and transport. Enzymes for fatty acid beta-oxidation and synthesis and the ones participating PUFA metabolism, including cytochrome P450 (mainly CYP4A), cyclooxygenases (COXs), and lipooxygenases (LOXs), have also been identified in the placenta. Methods for studying functional placental fatty acid uptake/transport/metabolism are discussed, focusing on an in vitro placental trophoblast model and long chain unsaturated fatty acids. The relevant theory of FA transport pathways, kinetic data analysis (uptake rates, permeability, influx/efflux ratio, Km, and so on) and high-performance liquid chromatography identification are also discussed.
Name-ethnicity classification and ethnicity-sensitive name matching

Personal names are important and common information in many data sources, ranging from social networks and news articles to patient records and scientific documents. They are often used as queries for retrieving records and also as key information for linking documents from multiple sources. Matching personal names can be challenging due to variations in spelling and various formatting of names. While many approximated name matching techniques have been proposed, most are generic string-matching algorithms. Unlike other types of proper names, personal names are highly cultural. Many ethnicities have their own unique naming systems and identifiable characteristics. In this paper we explore such relationships between ethnicities and personal names to improve the name matching performance. First, we propose a name-ethnicity classifier based on the multinomial logistic regression. Our model can effectively identify nameethnicity from personal names in Wikipedia, which we use to define name-ethnicity, to within 85% accuracy. Next, we propose a novel alignment-based name matching algorithm, based on Smith-Waterman algorithm and logistic regression. Different name matching models are then trained for different name-ethnicity groups. Our preliminary experimental result on DBLP's disambiguated author dataset yields a performance of 99% precision and 89% recall. Surprisingly, textual features carry more weight than phonetic ones in nameethnicity classification.
Agricultural Education and Training in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Three-step Approach to AET Institution Building

Educational institution building for agricultural education and training (AET) in sub-Saharan African has struggled, leading to many false starts and only islands of success. This review examines relevant literature related to carrying out AET in developing countries, the historical successes or challenges of developing AET institutions, and the need for establishing AET institutions. Numerous factors hampering the development of AET emerged, including: shrinking national budgets, reverse return, donor congestion, fixation on a linear model of science, and political instability. Recommendations for building AET institutions in SSA are presented using Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory as a framework, and include: (a) develop strategic relationships for political support of agriculture, (b) creating a more flexible framework for structuring institutions of higher learning, and (c) utilizing the SAFE model to reform curriculum to meet today’s learners’ needs.
Determining shape of a seasonally shadowed asteroid using stellar occultation imaging

Abstract A key objective in exploration of small, asteroidal bodies is to determine global shape and volume. The accuracy to which volume can be determined limits determination of bulk density, an important measurement for understanding internal structure. A special case for a rendezvous mission that uses stereo imaging to determine shape is a body with high obliquity encountered near solstice: half of the body is in shadow, and imaging of illuminated terrain alone under-constrains global shape. In this paper we demonstrate the use of stellar occultation imaging to place an upper bound on volume of such a shadowed hemisphere. Thirty-three sets of images of the night side limb of Mercury, acquired by the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) wide-angle camera (WAC) on MESSENGER, were used to bound the radius of that planet's night side. The maximum radius determined from this limited image set agrees with the actual radius to within ~0.1%. We show, by simulation, expected performance of a campaign of such night side limb images to bound the shape of an irregular, high-obliquity asteroid encountered at solstice. We assumed a body the size and shape of Deimos imaged from a 40-km radius orbit by an imager having specifications of the MDIS/WAC but an updated detector sensitive to mv~10 stars, and a day-side stereo imaging campaign by a well-calibrated camera system. From an equatorial orbit, with one hemisphere in shadow, a campaign of ≥150 night side limb images determines volume of the shadowed hemisphere to ~4 to 6% accuracy. Increasing orbital inclination to improve sampling of high latitudes decreases residuals for the dark hemisphere by 2 to 3%, for the same number of images. A ~2 to 3% uncertainty in global volume – from stereo imaging of illuminated terrain and stellar occultation imaging of shadowed terrain – compares favorably to uncertainty of up to ±25% in the absence of direct measurements of the radius of the shadowed hemisphere.
Stuck in Time: Negative Income Shock Constricts the Temporal Window of Valuation Spanning the Future and the Past.

Insufficient resources are associated with negative consequences including decreased valuation of future reinforcers. To determine if these effects result from scarcity, we examined the consequences of acute, abrupt changes in resource availability on delay discounting—the subjective devaluation of rewards as delay to receipt increases. In the current study, 599 individuals recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk read a narrative of a sudden change (positive, neutral, or negative) to one’s hypothetical future income and completed a delay discounting task examining future and past monetary gains and losses. The effects of the explicit zero procedure, a framing manipulation, was also examined. Negative income shock significantly increased discounting rates for gains and loses occurring both in the future and the past. Positive income windfalls significantly decreased discounting to a lesser extent. The framing procedure significantly reduced discounting under all conditions. Negative income shocks may result in short-term choices.
An economic model to evaluate information security investment of risk-taking small and medium enterprises

Abstract This paper analyzes information security investment decisions made by risk taking small and medium enterprises (SMEs) using the expected utility approach. It then compares these decisions to ones made by a risk neutral firm. We find that risk takers are inclined to prioritize an information set's vulnerability over its value when making investment decisions. We also find that a risk taking firm may invest a larger amount in protecting a set than the risk neutral firm when the effectiveness of the investment in lowering breach probability is low. Finally, we show that for a group of information sets of equal value and varying vulnerabilities, the risk neutral decision maker will diversify security investment to a greater extent than the risk taker. As a result, the risk taker will invest a larger amount than the risk neutral firm would when protecting the high risk sets in the group. The results provide guidance to information security vendors when tailoring products to suit small businesses.
Austempered Ductile Iron—Processing and Properties

Recent research on austempered ductile irons (ADI) has been reviewed. The physical metallurgy of the austempering reaction and the important effects of alloying elements are discussed, along with a...
Top 50 most cited articles on primary tumors of the spine.

Abstract Citation analysis was performed in order to identify the top 50 most cited articles pertaining to the field of primary spinal tumors. This collection of articles highlights important trends in the neurosurgical literature. We searched the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge in order to identify articles pertaining to primary tumors of the spine. Impertinent articles were removed. The top 50 most cited articles were identified. Thereafter, article characteristics were determined including article type, article topic, level of evidence, and citation rate. The selected articles were published between 1951 and 2008. The most productive year was 1997 with 6 publications. The top 50 articles were published in twenty-two different journals, most commonly in Neurosurgery (12), Journal of Neurosurgery (8), and Spine (6). The most frequently cited article was by Tomita et al. written in 1997 which described total en bloc spondylectomy as a novel surgical technique in management of primary tumors of the vertebral column. We identified the 50 most-cited articles in the field of primary spinal tumors. This collection of articles serves as a reference for recognizing impactful studies in the field.
Finite state machine (FMS) addressable MEMS microrobots: a new paradigm for controlling large numbers of mems microrobots

Simultaneous control of many MEMS microrobots through a common, global, control signal is one of the grand unsolved challenges of microrobotics. At present, most mobile, aqueous, or aerial microrobots, are actuated and maneuvered using global externally supplied fields. The differentiation of the microrobot motion within a larger swarm is achieved through differences in their design that lead to different responses to these global fields. Such differentiation imposes a limit on the number of independently controllable microrobots due to the finite number of significant different levels (e.g. voltages) of these applied fields (or signals). In this paper, we present a new paradigm for control of large numbers of MEMS microrobots through a global control signal by introducing a mechanism call physical finite state machines (PFSM). PFSM can causes a change in the motion of the robot based on a temporal sequence in the global control and power delivery signal. We show that a PFSM can be implemented using stress-engineered MEMS microrobots, and show that the previously presented sub-linear control voltage bandwidth of O/n is a direct consequence of the application of an on-board two-state PFSM. We further show that the PFSM concept can be extended to on-board multistate FSM, and can, in theory further reduce the control voltage bandwith to O(c), a constant bound.
Retention of neodymium by dolomite at variable ionic strength as probed by batch and column experiments.

Abstract The results presented in this paper highlight the complexity of adsorption and incorporation processes of Nd with dolomite and significantly improve upon previous work investigating trivalent actinide and lanthanide interactions with dolomite. Both batch and mini column experiments were conducted at variable ionic strength. These data highlight the strong chemisorption of Nd to the dolomite surface (equilibrium Kd's > 3000 mL/g) and suggest that equilibrium adsorption processes may not be affected by ionic strength based on similar results at 0.1 and 5.0 M ionic strength in column breakthrough and equilibrium batch (>5 days) results. Mini column experiments conducted over approximately one year also represent a significant development in measurement of sorption of Nd in the presence of flow as previous large-scale column experiments did not achieve breakthrough likely due to the high loading capacity of dolomite for Nd (up to 240 μg/g). Batch experiments in the absence of flow show that the rate of Nd removal increases with increasing ionic strength (up to 5.0 M) with greater removal at greater ionic strength for a 24 h sampling point. We suggest that the increasing ionic strength induces increased mineral dissolution and re-precipitation caused by changes in activity with ionic strength that lead to increased removal of Nd through co-precipitation processes.
National market cow and bull beef quality audit-1999: a survey of producer-related defects in market cows and bulls.

The 1999 National Market Cow and Bull Beef Quality Audit comprised face-to-face interviews with industry representatives (n = 49); in-plant evaluations of cattle in holding pens (n = 3,969), carcasses on harvest floors (n = 5,679), and in carcass coolers (n = 4,378); and a strategy workshop. Face-to-face interviews suggested that the beef industry was most frequently concerned about the presence of antibiotic residues in carcasses, presence of lead shot in carcasses, and price discovery for carcasses following excessive trimming of bruises and testing due to arthritic joints, pathogens, or antibiotic residues. Although live animal evaluations determined that 73.4% of beef cows, 60.8% of dairy cows, 63.7% of beef bulls, and 70.9% of dairy bulls did not exhibit evidence of lameness, losses due to lameness were greater (P 0.05) losses for bull carcasses, than the same defect in the 1994 audit. Also, 14.5 and 30.8% of cow carcasses and 6.9 and 5.9% of bull carcasses had excess external fat and yellow-colored external fat, respectively, which was an improvement (P < 0.05) over 1994 results. In aggregate, 24.1, 19.2, 7.2, 6.7, 9.5, and 1.1% of livers, tripe, hearts, heads, tongues, and whole cattle or carcasses, respectively, were condemned and 60.6, 2.4, and 46.5% of cattle had hide damage from latent defects, insect damage, and brands, respectively. Condemnation rates were generally lower (P < 0.05), but tongue condemnations and frequency of branded hides were higher (P < 0.05) than in 1994. Producers should promote value in cows and bulls by managing to minimize quality defects, monitoring health and condition, and marketing in a timely manner. Using these techniques, producers might have recaptured $13.82, $27.50, and $27.50, respectively, for each cow or bull harvested in 1999.
The role of pH in regulating ruminal methane and ammonia production

When steers (n = 4) were fed increasing amounts of concentrate (0, 45, or 90% of DM) and decreasing amounts of forage, the VFA concentration increased (P .05) rates of ammonia production at pH 6.5 to 5.7 (approximately 12 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1)). These results indicated that ruminal pH affected ruminal methane production, acetate:propionate ratio, deamination, and ammonia concentration.
Modeling Multicellular Structures Using the Subcellular Element Model

This chapter describes a new method for simulating grid-free multicellular structures, in which the three-dimensional shape of each cell is dynamically adaptive to its local environment. This is achieved by constructing each cell from “subcellular elements.” I describe in detail the underlying mathematical equation of motion for the elements, and the additional algorithms which allow for cell growth and cell division. The model is illustrated with the simple example of a growing three dimensional cluster of cells.
Performance Evaluation of Bent Heat Pipes

Heat pipes are used in electronics cooling applications to transfer heat generated by devices to locations where it can efficiently be dissipated. Heat pipes have been studied since the early 1950s and are commercially available in a variety of forms. They are usually bent and flattened in order to fit within the specific geometrical restrictions of the intended application. Straight heat pipes have been studied and successfully demonstrated in past studies. The objective of the present work is to investigate the performance of heat pipes at various bend angles by means of investigating the effect of temperature drop between bend angles, the temperature difference across source and sink blocks and change in thermal resistance across the heat pipes. Copper heat pipes with meshed screen wick type having de-ionized water as the fluid with bent pipes varying from zero degree (straight pipe) to 180° (U - shaped pipe) in-steps of 45° were studied at various input power levels. Results show that the temperature drop is maximum for U-shaped heat pipe at 180° bend. Furthermore, it was observed that the heat pipe with temperature differential was higher for all bends at higher input power. Lastly, the thermal resistance calculated analytically was validated via experimental measurements.
Explaining Why Cybercrime Occurs: Criminological and Psychological Theories

Several criminological and psychological theories and their empirical support for explaining cybercrime are reviewed. Social learning theory, self-control theory, and subcultural theories have garnered much empirical attention and support. Lack of moral qualms, association with deviant peers and neutralizations have consistently been associated with a wide range of cyber-offending. From routine activities theory, increased visibility is associated with higher cyber-victimization and cyber-offending across many offenses. Integrating social learning and self-control concepts, research has found that effects of low self-control on cybercrime are mediated through association with deviant peers and beliefs that the behaviors are not morally wrong. Research in the tradition of subcultural theories have discovered the norms underlying memberships in deviant groups of persistent digital pirates, hackers, and regular participants in the online illicit sex trade. Limited research has examined deterrence theory, general strain theory, or differential reinforcements in social learning theory. Future research is needed to integrate the perceived characteristics of cyberspace with the formation of attitudes and beliefs supportive of perpetration of cybercrimes, and to address the dearth of knowledge about the nature of social interactions in cyberspace and how such interactions shape real world interactions.
Dual-Linear Polarized Phased Array With 9:1 Bandwidth and 60° Scanning Off Broadside

We present, for the first time, a novel dual-linear polarized tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun operating across a 9:1 bandwidth, from 2 to 18 GHz. This dual-linear polarized array employs a tightly coupled dipole topology and scans down to 60° from boresight. The overall geometry consists of cross-located tightly coupled dipoles integrated with a folded Marchand balun that serves as an impedance transformer to achieve a wideband feeding network. Notably, the traditional dielectric superstrate is replaced with double layers of frequency selective surfaces to enable scanning down to 60° in both E-, H-, and diagonal (D)-planes across the entire band. The design achieves VSWR $\lambda _{low}$ /10). The design is validated through fabrication and testing of an $11 \times 11$ prototype. The measurements of this prototype are presented and are in good agreement with simulations.
Big Data’s Marketing Applications and Customer Privacy

By the time you read this chapter, the odds are that some of the content and examples will be outdated. Although we wrote it using the most innovative insights of the time, trends in data and analytics are evolving at such a rapid pace that nearly every technology that was just recently groundbreaking quickly becomes obsolete. Did your firm embrace machine learning? Turns out you need deep learning. Investing in virtual reality? The space to be is actually augmented reality. Think you’ve harnessed your customers’ clickstream and browsing behavior?
Responsible computers

The position paper argues that, on one coherent philosophical position, we can now say that computers have human attributes, and then go on to dicuss the route by which blame and punishment might be applied to them, and how they might be said to take on social obligations.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Cs2-xRbxCu3P4O14 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8): A New Series of Copper(II) Phosphates Containing Periodic Arrays of Staggered Square-Planar CuO4 Trimers

In our continued exploratory synthesis of compounds containing transition-metal oxide magnetic nanostructures, a new copper(II) phosphate phase, Cs2Cu3P4O14 (1), was isolated employing the mixed Cs...
The Future of Psychology in Pain Management

Pain treatment facilities have proliferated in recent years and psychology has enjoyed considerable success in the clinical and research arenas of pain management. However, changes in the health care environment present significant challenges to the future of psychology in pain management. This article discusses concerns in three important areas of pain treatment that psychologists must address if they are to maintain a strong presence in this field: (1) evaluating and treating patients in the pain treatment setting, (2) evaluating and enhancing the efficacy of pain treatment, and (3) applying pain treatment services to other patient populations. With appropriate attention to these issues, psychology can continue to thrive in pain treatment settings.
Predicting real-time surge pricing of ride-sourcing companies

Abstract Ride-sourcing companies such as Uber and Lyft represent a popular and growing mode of transit in cites worldwide. These companies employ surge pricing in real time to balance the needs of both drivers and riders. The prediction of surge prices in the next few minutes to hours encapsulates the complex evolution of service fleets and service demand in the short term. Surge pricing, if effectively predicted and disseminated to both drivers and riders, can be used to more efficiently allocate vehicles, save users money and time, and provide profitable insight to drivers, which ultimately helps the efficiency and reliability of transportation networks. This paper explores the spatio-temporal correlations between the urban environment, traffic flow characteristics, and surge multipliers. We propose a general framework for predicting the short-term evolution of surge multipliers in real-time using a log-linear model with L 1 regularization, coupled with pattern clustering. This model is able to predict Uber surge multipliers in Pittsburgh up to two hours in advance using data from the previous hour out-performing the overall mean and the historical average in all but 3 of the 49 locations in Pittsburgh and outperforming three non-linear methods in 28 of the 49 locations. The model is able to out-perform the overall mean, historical mean, and non-linear methods on Lyft surge multipliers in Pittsburgh up to 20 min in advance. Cross-correlation of Uber and Lyft surge multipliers is also explored.
Long Tail Hardware: Turning Device Concepts Into Viable Low Volume Products

At a time when the technology industry is embracing powerful new algorithms and cloud computing, continued innovation in hardware is essential. In addition to the growing storage and computation requirements of data centers and edge computers, hardware devices provide the critical gateway through which our systems receive input and provide output. Whether it is intentional user interaction, continuous context sensing, situated information display, environmental monitoring, or industrial control, we are more dependent on interactive and embedded hardware products than ever. Indeed, as the Internet of Things grows, many predict a dramatic growth in both the number and type of such devices. A key factor in this growth is the ability of those working in hardware to develop innovative devices with new forms and functions. Hardware development can be split into two phases: first, a period of ideation, prototyping and design iteration leads to new device concepts; and then fruitful concepts transition beyond the basic prototype. The latter phase typically involves creating hundreds or thousands of copies of a prototype—either pre-production evaluation samples or a fully fledged low volume product. The hardware device research community and the industry it serves have developed many tools and techniques to aid in the ideation, prototyping, and design iteration phase mentioned above. However, based on our firsthand experience coupled with the observation of others, we frequently see a bottleneck in the subsequent phase—the transition from a working prototype to a viable product. The challenge of this bottleneck, its root causes, and the potential benefits of overcoming it are the subject of this column.
What model material to use? A Review on rock analogs for structural geology and tectonics

Abstract Analog, or physical, models have been used to investigate problems in structural geology and tectonics for over two centuries. Together with field observations and theoretical considerations they form the basis for significant advances in our understanding of structural and tectonic evolution in space and time. A fundamental requirement for the design of a successful scaled experiment is the appropriate choice of model material. Scaling relationships between the rock analog and nature have to be established and the interactions between the rock analog and the boundary conditions, provided by the experimental apparatus, investigated. With an increased understanding of the rheological properties of Earth's crust and mantle, model materials with corresponding rheology have to be developed and/or established. Over the past two hundred years, a wide variety of model materials have been used in deformation experiments. While some materials, such as sand and clay, are still used today, many new materials have been tested and used in experiments in more recent times. Furthermore, new quantification methodologies, such as particle image velocimetry, require model materials with specific properties. While the specific conditions are unique to each experiment we present here a review of commonly used analog modeling materials in experiments that capture structural and tectonics processes. This review focuses on 1) scaling approaches; where we discuss alternatives to the classic dynamic scaling in structural geology and tectonics experiments. 2) rock analogs used to model deformation within the upper crust characterized by localized failure, 3) materials used to model the lower crust and mantle characterized by distributed deformation, and 4) different approaches to model the semi-brittle middle crust. We discuss all the model materials in light of the different scaling approaches. Furthermore, we provide a best-practice section intending on helping researchers new to the field of analog modeling to choose the appropriate rock analog.
ASCITES in the CAPO Patient Post Transplant

Our experience with CAPD patients and post-transplant ascites showed: 71 per cent of the transplanted patients required dialysis post transplant. The duration of dialysis ranged from less than one ...
Status and regional distribution of areas with high iodine concentration in residents drinking water in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province

Objective To investigate the distribution and characteristics of iodine excess areas in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province, and to provide data evidence for taking intervention measures. Methods From 2011 to 2013, 1-3 samples of drinking water were collected from all administrative villages in 8 counties (cities and districts) of Liaocheng. At the same time, 1 sample of edible salt was collected from the household where water samples were collected. Arsenic and cerium spectrophotometry was used for the detection of water iodine and salt iodine was detected by semi-quantitative method. The region were divide according to the definition of "Water Source Excess Iodine Area and Excess Iodine Disease Area" (GB/T 19380-2016) and "Division of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Area" (GB 16005-2009). Results A total of 7 794 water samples were collected in 5 865 villages of 134 towns and the iodine median was 158.2 μg/L. The median of water iodine of 57 samples was less than 10 μg/L in drinking water and the ratio was 0.7%; 2 286 samples were 10-100 μg/L and the ratio was 29.3%; 5 451 samples were over 100 μg/L and the ratio was 69.9%. The towns with suitable water iodine(10-100 μg/L) and high water iodine (> 100 μg/L) were 24.6% (33/134) and 75.4% (101/134) , respectively, and no iodine deficiency town was found. The areas with high water iodine were distributed in patchy or foci. A total of 3 300 salt samples were collected, among them, iodized salt was 1 183 (35.58%, 1 183/3 300) and non-iodized salt was 2 117 (64.15%, 2 117/3 300). Among them, there were 36 towns with high iodine content and 20 towns with suitable iodine content, and the iodized salt coverage rates were 10.72% (225/2 099) and 79.77% (958/1 201), respectively. Conclusions The population of Liaocheng City is at risk of iodine excess. The high iodine areas coexists with suitable iodine areas. Key words: Iodine; Coverage rate; Distribution; Intervention
Couch and multileaf collimator tracking: A clinical feasibility study for pancreas and liver treatment.

PURPOSE Real-time tumor tracking through active correction by the multileaf collimator or treatment couch offers a promising strategy to mitigate delivery uncertainty due to intrafractional tumor motion. This study evaluated the performance of MLC and couch tracking using the prototype iTools Tracking system in TrueBeam Developer Mode and the application for abdominal cancer treatments. METHODS Experiments were carried out using a phantom with embedded Calypso transponders and a motion simulation platform. Geometric evaluations were performed using a circular conformal field with sinusoidal traces and pancreatic tumor motion traces. Geometric tracking accuracy was retrospectively calculated by comparing the compensational MLC or couch motion extracted from machine log files to the target motion reconstructed from real-time MV and kV images. Dosimetric tracking accuracy was measured with radiochromic films using clinical abdominal VMAT plans and pancreatic tumor traces. RESULTS Geometrically, the root-mean-square errors for MLC tracking were 0.5 and 1.8 mm parallel and perpendicular to leaf travel direction, respectively. Couch tracking, in contrast, showed an average of 0.8 mm or less geometric error in all directions. Dosimetrically, both MLC and couch tracking reduced motion-induced local dose errors compared to no tracking. Evaluated with five pancreatic tumor motion traces, the average 2%/2 mm global gamma pass rate of eight clinical abdominal VMAT plans was 67.4% (range: 26.4%-92.7%) without tracking, which was improved to 86.0% (range: 67.9%-95.6%) with MLC tracking, and 98.1% (range: 94.9%-100.0%) with couch tracking. In 16 out of 40 deliveries with different plans and motion traces, MLC tracking did not achieve clinically acceptable dosimetric accuracy with 3%/3mm gamma pass rate below 95%. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the capability of MLC and couch tracking to reduce motion-induced dose errors in abdominal cases using a prototype tracking system. Clinically significant dose errors were observed with MLC tracking for certain plans which could be attributed to the inferior MLC tracking accuracy in the direction perpendicular to leaf travel, as well as the interplay between motion tracking and plan delivery for highly modulated plans. Couch tracking outperformed MLC tracking with consistently high dosimetric accuracy in all plans evaluated, indicating its clinical potential in the treatment of abdominal cancers.
Chapter 5 Impoundment, groundwater mining, and other hydrologic transformations: Impacts on global sea level rise

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the plausible estimates of sea-level changes accompanying large-scale anthropogenic modifications of land hydrologic processes. Increased runoff from groundwater mining and impermeable urbanized surfaces is potentially important human-induced sources of sea-level rise. Runoff from tropical deforestation, wetlands clearance, and water released by oxidation of fossil fuel and biomass are relatively insignificant. Altogether, these processes could augment sea level by some 0.4 to 0.9 mm/yr. Conversely, sequestration of water by dams and further losses of water by infiltration beneath reservoirs and irrigated fields, along with evaporation from these surfaces, could retain the equivalent of 1.3 to 1.8 mm/yr over continents. The net effect of all these anthropogenic processes is to withhold the equivalent of 0.9 ±0.5 mm/yr from the sea. This rate represents a substantial fraction of the observed recent sea-level rise of 1 to 2.5 mm/yr, but opposite in sign. These estimated impacts on sea-level rise represent upper bounds. The historical data base is incomplete and subject to considerable uncertainties. The increased volume of moisture stored in the atmosphere by evaporation from reservoirs or irrigated fields provides only an upper bound, in as much as the atmospheric effects are probably localized and thus are unlikely to represent large-scale averages.
Developing a Correlation Criterion (SpaceMAC) for Repeated and Pseudo-repeated Modes

One of the most important factors in the validation of a finite element model is whether the modal vectors obtained from the finite element solution match sufficiently with the modal analysis results of the part or a test prototype. Modal Assurance Criteria (MAC) (Allemang, Brown, A correlation coefficient for modal vector analysis. In: Proceedings of the international modal analysis conference, pp 110–116, 1982) is usually a very effective way to check this condition. However, in case of repeated modal frequencies and vectors, MAC can give misleading results. Hence, there is a need for a method that could indicate how well the finite element method-based estimates for the repeated modes correlate with the modal analysis modes. This work is an attempt to develop a correlation criterion between a set of repeated roots from a finite element method solution and an experimental modal analysis solution.
The Divine in the Commonplace: Reverent Natural History and the Novel in Britain: edited by Amy M. King, Cambridge, Cambridge UP, 2019, xii + 297 pp., $99.99 (cloth), ISBN: 978-1-108-49295-9

Amy King’s revisionary history of the nineteenth-century British novel begins with a landmark precursor text more readily acknowledged by nineteenth-century novelists themselves than by later criti...
Racial/Ethnic Considerations in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

The consideration of race/ethnicity differences in the prevalence, management, and outcome of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is essential in evaluating related disparities. While racial/ethnic categories are imperfect for determining perceived genetic differences, race/ethnicity descriptions can highlight social similarities and perceived physiological differences, often revealing disparate treatment and outcomes. As the reasons for racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease are challenging to understand and multilevel in complexity, this chapter will review racial/ethnic differences in the epidemiology, health behaviors, risk factors, and treatment of cardiovascular disease in the US populations. As much of the attributable risk of worsening disparate racial/ethnic outcomes in ASCVD is secondary to risk factor control, there are ample opportunities to improve racial/ethnic disparities through primary prevention and promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Detailing these behaviors is essential in investigating ASCVD disparities among racial/ethnic groups. While public health campaigns have successfully decreased the cardiovascular disease burden implicated by adverse risk behaviors, personal patterns of lifestyle continue to be substantial factors affecting the degree of ASCVD disparities among all racial/ethnic groups. Lessening barriers to healthcare access, addressing social determinants of health, and overcoming differential medical treatments among minority racial/ethnic populations will further the ultimate mission of achieving health equity in all populations.