cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Actigraphy and Motion Analysis: New Tools for Psychiatry

Altered locomotor activity is a cardinal sign of several psychiatric disorders. With advances in technology, activity can now be measured precisely. Contemporary studies quantifying activity in psychiatric patients are reviewed. Studies were located by a Medline search (1965 to present; English language only) cross-referencing motor activity and major psychiatric disorders. The review focused on mood disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Activity levels are elevated in mania, agitated depression, and ADHD and attenuated in bipolar depression and seasonal depression. The percentage of low-level daytime activity is directly related to severity of depression, and change in this parameter accurately mirrors recovery. Demanding cognitive tasks elicit fidgeting in children with ADHD, and precise measures of activity and attention may provide a sensitive and specific marker for this disorder. Circadian rhythm analysis enhances the sophistication of activity measures. Affective disorders in children and adolescents are characterized by an attenuated circadian rhythm and an enhanced 12-hour harmonic rhythm (diurnal variation). Circadian analysis may help to distinguish between the activity patterns of mania (dysregulated) and ADHD (intact or enhanced). Persistence of hyperactivity or circadian dysregulation in bipolar patients treated with lithium appears to predict rapid relapse once medication is discontinued. Activity monitoring is a valuable research tool, with the potential to aid clinicians in diagnosis and in prediction of treatment response.
Layer-by-Layer Molecular Assembly Approaches to the Construction of Thin Films Having High Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities

Chromophoric multilayer thin films exhibiting efficient second harmonic generation have been constructed on inorganic substrates via a stepwise layer-by-layer process using molecular self-assembly techniques. In each step, chemical species bearing appropriate functional groups form covalent bonds with functional groups deposited in the previous step. Bulk acentricity is achieved by the orientation of chromophore-containing layers outward from the substrate surface. A new chromophore having comparable hyperpolarizability but different steric and transparency characteristics than the stilbazolium chromophore used previously has been incorporated into self-assembled films. The large effects of octachlorotrisiloxane capping on the structure of these films have been investigated by second harmonic generation and X-ray reflectivity measurements. Novel in situ measurements of second harmonic generation efficiency as a function of chromophore layer growth are described and provide information useful for optimizing deposition conditions and understanding the film growth process.
Sex differences in aortic valve calcification

> “There is still need to think and plan, but on a different scale, and along different lines.”– C.S Forester1 Although sex differences in the pathophysiology and clinical expression of coronary artery disease are well appreciated, the impact of gender on valvular heart disease has not been extensively studied. Furthermore, the emphasis to date has been on understanding sex differences in the ventricular response to the pressure and volume overload posed by valvular disease rather than evaluating differences in the valves themselves. It is now known that women tend to respond differently than men to the increased afterload of worsening aortic stenosis (AS), with more concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, smaller LV cavities, and greater relative wall thicknesses.2–5 Recently, it has also been reported that although more women than men with severe AS have LV hypertrophy preoperatively, women more frequently experience reversal of hypertrophy shortly after aortic valve replacement.6 Lower collagen I and III, as well as matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene expression, in women versus men in the myocardial biopsy specimens performed at the time of surgery suggest that women have less fibrosis before surgery, leading to faster regression of LV hypertrophy postoperatively.6 On a molecular level, decreased extracellular fibrosis has been linked to the protective effect of estrogen in the setting of higher levels of estrogen receptors in women.6,7 Article see p 40 In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging , Aggarwal et al8 have directed their attention to the aortic valve itself, comparing the extent of aortic valve calcification (AVC) in men and women with comparable and at least mild degrees of AS. They prospectively examined AVC, measured in Agatston units (AU) by multidetector computed tomography (CT), and compared aortic valvular calcium load in 665 patients, 36% women, from …
Rationing medical care: rhetoric and reality in the Oregon Health Plan

The Oregon Health Plan (OHP) has been widely heralded as an important innovation in medical care policy and rationing. Oregon's pioneering method of prioritizing funding for health care through systematic and public ranking of medical services has drawn substantial international interest. This paper reviews the experience of the Oregon plan since it began operation in 1994. We argue that widespread misconceptions persist about the significance of the OHP. In particular, there is little evidence that the OHP has operated as a model of explicit rationing. In reality, Oregon has not rationed services, nor has its policy of cutting public coverage for services produced substantial savings. These findings have important implications regarding the desirability and feasibility of adopting a policy of removing items from the list of insured medicare services in Canada. Oregon's experience suggests that drawing the line on medicare coverage would be more difficult and less financially rewarding than advocates claim.
Dacryocystomaxillorhinostomy for chronic dacryocystitis in a dog

A 10-year-old female spayed Vizsla had intermittent mucoid ocular discharge from the right eye for 7 years. History, clinical findings, imaging studies, and culture and histopathology results confirmed chronic dacryocystitis with granuloma. A dacryocystomaxillorhinostomy was performed to preserve the functional portions of the nasolacrimal system remaining in this patient, as well as to promote healing of the lacrimal sac granuloma and secondary infection. Complete resolution of the clinical abnormalities was achieved, and the dog remains healthy 3 years postoperatively.
Dairy heifer management impacts manure N collection and cycling through crops in Wisconsin, USA.

Abstract Escalating energy and fertilizer N prices have renewed farmer interests in methods that reduce manure management costs and enhance the fertilizer value of manure. At the same time, air quality legislation seeks to mitigate ammonia loss from animal operations. We compared two dairy heifer management practices on manure N capture and recycling through crops: the conventional practice of barn manure collection and land application, and corralling heifers directly on cropland. Heifers were kept in a barn for two (B2) or four (B4) days and manure was hauled to fields, or heifers were corralled directly on cropland for two (C2) or four (C4) days. Four successive manure application seasons, spring–summer (SS), fall–winter (FW), summer (S) and winter (W) were evaluated over 2 years. Each season was followed by 3-year crop rotations: SS and S by wheat (Triticum spp. L.), sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), corn (Zea mays L.), winter rye, and corn; and FW and W by corn, winter rye, corn, winter rye, and corn. Corralling resulted in 50–65% greater N applications than barn manure. In barn N losses (% of excreted manure N, ExN) were greater from B4 (30%) than B2 (20%). Apparent N recovery of applied manure N (ANR) by wheat ranged from 13% to 25% at the lower (B2 and C2) application rates and 8–14% at the higher (B4 and C4) rates. First-year corn following FW had ANR of 13–32% at the lower (B2 and C2) application rates and 9–20% of applied N at the higher (B4 and C4) rates. As a percent of ExN, ANR over the 3 year rotation from C2 was 50%, B2 35%, C4 30% and B4 22%. Overall results demonstrated that corralling dairy heifers on cropland reduces ammonia loss and improves urine N capture and recycling through crops.
Jet Noise Receptivity to Nozzle-upstream Perturbations in Compressible Heated Jets

E ects of nozzle-upstream entropy perturbations on the acoustic radiation from heated jets are investigated. For this, a model problem is considered, in which a gas-turbine combustor discharges reaction products through a converging nozzle into the ambient environment. The turbulent reacting ow eld in the combustor is computed using large-eddy simulation (LES), and the unsteady oweld at the combustor exit is extracted to provide realistic in ow conditions to the jetow simulation. To study the indirect coupling process, arising from the interaction of the combustion-generated entropy uctuations with the adverse pressure gradient through the nozzle, a linearized Euler formulation is employed. Parametric studies are performed to investigate e ects of frequency and amplitude of the nozzle-upstream entropy perturbations on the jet instability and the jet noise directivity. Simulation results show that the directivity is dependent on the perturbation frequency. Excitation near the preferred shear-layer instability leads to strong acoustic radiation in the 45 forward direction, and the radiation angle decreases with decreasing excitation frequency.
Na+/Ca2+ exchange in plasma membrane vesicles from a glucose-responsive insulinoma.

Abstract Plasma membrane vesicles from a glucose-responsive insulinoma exhibited properties consistent with the presence of a membrane Na + Ca 2+ exchange. The exchange was rapid, reversible, and was dependent on the external Ca2+ concentration (Km = 4.1 ± 1.1 μM). External Na+ inhibited the uptake in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 15 mM). Dissipation of the Na+ gradient by 10 μM monensin decreased Na + Ca 2+ exchange from 0.74 ± 0.17 nmoles/mg protein/s to 0.11 ± 0.05 nmoles/mg protein/s. Exchange was not influenced by veratridine, tetrodotoxin and ouabain, or by modifiers of cAMP. No effect was seen using the calcium channel blockers, nitrendipine or nifedipine. Glucose had no direct effect on Na + Ca 2+ exchange, while glyceraldehyde, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone inhibited the exchange. Na+ induced efflux of calcium was seen in Ca2+ loaded vesicles and was half maximal at [Na+] of 11.1 ± 0.75 mM. Ca2+ efflux was dependent on [Na+], with a Hill coefficient of 2.7 ± 0.07 indicating that activation of Ca2+ release involves a minimum of three sites. The electrogenicity of this exchange was demonstrated using the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium ([3H]-TPP), a membrane potential sensitive probe. [3H]-TPP uptake increased transiently during Na + Ca 2+ exchange indicating that the exchange generated a membrane potential. These results show that Na + Ca 2+ exchange operates in the beta cell and may be an important regulator of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations.
General suffix automaton construction algorithm and space bounds

Suffix automata and factor automata are efficient data structures for representing the full index of a set of strings. They are minimal deterministic automata representing the set of all suffixes or substrings of a set of strings. This paper presents a novel analysis of the size of the suffix automaton or factor automaton of a set of strings. It shows that the suffix automaton or factor automaton of a set of strings U has at most 2Q-2 states, where Q is the number of nodes of a prefix-tree representing the strings in U. This bound significantly improves over [email protected][email protected]?-1, the bound given by Blumer et al. [A. Blumer, J. Blumer, D. Haussler, R.M. McConnell, A. Ehrenfeucht, Complete inverted files for efficient text retrieval and analysis, Journal of the ACM 34 (1987) 578-589], where @[email protected]? is the sum of the lengths of all strings in U. More generally, we give novel and general bounds for the size of the suffix or factor automaton of an automaton as a function of the size of the original automaton and the maximal length of a suffix shared by the strings it accepts. We also describe in detail a linear-time algorithm for constructing the suffix automaton S or factor automaton F of U in time O(|S|). Our algorithm applies in fact to any input suffix-unique automaton and strictly generalizes the standard on-line construction of a suffix automaton for a single input string. Our algorithm can also be used straightforwardly to generate the suffix oracle or factor oracle of a set of strings, which has been shown to have various useful properties in string-matching. Our analysis suggests that the use of factor automata of automata can be practical for large-scale applications, a fact that is further supported by the results of our experiments applying factor automata to a music identification task with more than 15,000 songs.
The perennially ice covered lakes of the cold and rainless deserts of the Antarctic, and by extension, Mars: implications for finding Martian life

The salt geochemistry of Mars is predicted as an extrapolation of the salt geochemistry of the Dry (ice-free) Valleys in Antarctica. It is hard to escape the implication that there must be calcium/magnesium brine lakes in the enclosed drainage basins associated with the Northern Ice Cap. Because of the extreme cold these lakes will have acquired an ice cover. At the interface between the ice cover and the brine, one may find a thin layer of relatively fresh water. This might be the best and easiest place to look for Martian life.
Dynamics of Neutrophil Infiltration during Cutaneous Wound Healing and Infection Using Fluorescence Imaging

Neutrophil influx is an early inflammatory response that is essential for the clearance of bacteria and cellular debris during cutaneous wounding. A non-invasive real-time fluorescence imaging technique was developed to examine the kinetics of enhanced green fluorescence protein-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (EGFP-PMN) influx within a wound. We hypothesized that infection or systemic availability would directly regulate the dynamics of EGFP-PMN recruitment and the efficiency of wound closure. Neutrophil recruitment increased dramatically over the first 24 hours from 10(6) at 4 hours up to a maximum of 5 x 10(6) EGFP-PMNs at 18 hours. A high rate of EGFP-PMN turnover was evidenced by approximately 80% decrease in EGFP signal within 6 hours. In response to wound colonization by Staphylococcus aureus or injection of GM-CSF, systemic PMNs increased twofold above saline control. This correlated with an increase in EGFP-PMN recruitment up to approximately 10(7) within the wound. Despite this effect by these distinct inflammatory drivers, wound closure occurred at a rate similar to the saline-treated control group. In summary, a non-invasive fluorescence-based imaging approach combined with genetic labeling of neutrophils provides a dynamic inner view of inflammation and the kinetics of neutrophil infiltration into the wounded skin over extended durations.
Potential Shift for OH(ads) Formation on the Pt Skin on Pt3Co ( 111 ) Electrodes in Acid Theory and Experiment

A study combining theoretical predictions and experimental measurements was made to gain an understanding of the beneficial effect of alloying cobalt into platinum for electroreduction of oxygen. Carbon-supported Pt 3 Co catalyst particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure, which gave evidence for a surface layer composed of Pt, called the Pt skin. Electrochemical measurements were made in 1 M trifluoromethane sulfonic acid with a rotating ring disk setup. Cyclic voltammetry showed significantly less oxide formation in the >0.8 V range over the skin on the alloy compared to nonalloyed Pt. Tafel plots showed a 50-70 mV reduction in overpotential for O 2 reduction over the Pt skin. The Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Program was used for calculating H 2 O and OH adsorption bond strengths on the Pt skin on Pt 3 Co(111) for comparison with prior work with the Pt(111) surface. The bond strength variations were used to estimate the shift in reversible potential for OH a d s formation from H 2 O a d s oxidation. A shift of 80 mV was found, which indicates that an increase in the reversible potential for OH a d s formation correlates with the decrease in overpotential for O 2 reduction over the Pt skin on Pt 3 Co nanoparticles.
Reading Esther as Heroine: Persian Banquets, Ethnic Cleansing, and Identity Crisis:

Various historical witnesses attest to the lavishness of Persian banquets. An overwhelmingly disproportionate number of these banquet scenes glut the Esther narrative to obviate against this motif'...
Snailfishes of the central California coast: video, photographic and morphological observations

Video and photographic images of snailfishes (Liparidae) collected by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, augmented by specimens collected simultaneously, were analysed. Nine species in five genera were identified, including Careproctus melanurus, Careproctus ovigerus, Careproctus longifilis, Careproctus gilberti, Careproctus filamentosus, Osteodiscus cascadiae, Nectoliparis pelagicus, Paraliparis dactylosus and Rhinoliparis barbulifer. Voucher specimens were collected of all except C. melanurus, C. gilberti and C. filamentosus. In addition, individuals of the Paraliparis 'rosaceus' species group were abundant but could not be identified to species. Many liparids were identified only to family, but an individual of a very distinctive unknown species, presumably undescribed, was videotaped. Relative abundance of C. melanurus was estimated, and several in situ snailfish behaviours are described for the first time.
AWafer-Level Defect Screening Technique to Reduce Test and Packaging Costs for "Big-D/Small-A" Mixed-Signal SoCs

Product cost is a key driver in the consumer electronics market, which is characterized by low profit margins and the use of a variety of "big-D/small-A" mixed-signal system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Packaging cost has recently emerged as a major contributor to the product cost for such SoCs. Wafer-level testing can be used to screen defective dies, thereby reducing packaging cost. We propose a new correlation-based signature analysis technique that is especially suitable for mixed-signal test at the wafer-level using low-cost digital testers. The proposed method overcomes the limitations of measurement inaccuracies at the wafer-level. A generic cost model is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of wafer-level testing of analog and digital cores in a mixed-signal SoC, and to study its impact on test escapes, yield loss and packaging costs. Experimental results are presented for a typical mixed-signal "big-D/small-A" SoC, which contains a large section of flattened digital logic and several large mixed-signal cores.
Assessment and management of chronic pediatric headaches.

Recurrent headache, such as migraine and tension headaches, is a common problem which often begins in childhood and extends into adulthood. Until recently, little attention has been devoted in the literature to this common chronic pain problem in children and adolescents. The purpose of this review is to examine the different types of headache, pharmacologic, and behavioral strategies for assessment and management of pediatric headache disorders, and the role of the pediatric nurse in headache management. Specific guidelines are offered to assist nurses in identifying headaches which can signal serious underlying disease. The literature on management of migraine and tension headaches is reviewed with the conclusion that behavioral strategies (such as relaxation training) would appear to be a viable treatment approach for children and adolescents.
Hyperglycemia Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis Through a Protein Kinase C–Dependent Pathway

We hypothesized that the pathogenesis of diabetic vasculopathy involves the abnormal regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. In nondiabetic mice, a reduction in carotid artery blood flow resulted in a significant loss of medial VSMCs via apoptosis (normal flow 84+/-1 viable VSMCs, reduced flow 70+/-5 viable VSMCs; n=12, P:<0.01). In contrast, flow-induced VSMC apoptosis was markedly attenuated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (normal flow 85+/-2 viable VSMC, reduced flow 82+/-4 viable VSMC; n=13, NS). In accord with our in vivo findings, the exposure of cultured rat and human VSMCs to high glucose (17.5 mmol/L) significantly attenuated the induction of apoptosis in response to serum withdrawal (rat VSMCs in normal [5.5 mmol/L] glucose 28+/-1%, high D-glucose 19+/-2%; P:<0.0001). High glucose also inhibited apoptosis induced by Fas ligand (100 ng/mL) (normal 23+/-2%, high D-glucose 13+/-2%; P:<0.006). Supplementation with the nonmetabolized enantiomer L-glucose had no effect. We confirmed reports that high glucose activates protein kinase C (PKC) and demonstrated that PKC blockade with long-term phorbol ester treatment or calphostin C prevented the antiapoptotic effect (P:<0. 001). Moreover, the upregulation of either PKCalpha or PKCbetaII expression was sufficient to inhibit serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis (control 25+/-2%, PKCalpha 11+/-2%, PKCbetaII 8+/-2%; P:<0. 0001), whereas the upregulation of PKCdelta had no significant effect. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that hyperglycemia inhibits VSMC apoptosis via a PKC-dependent pathway.
The compromise between motion preservation and arthrodesis.

COMMENTARY ON: Cunningham BW, Dawson JM, Hu N, et al. Preclinical evaluation of the Dynesys posterior spinal stabilization system: a nonhuman primate model. Spine J 2010;10:775–83 ( in this issue ).
A real-time beam tracer with application to exact soft shadows

Efficiently calculating accurate soft shadows cast by area light sources remains a difficult problem. Ray tracing based approaches are subject to noise or banding, and most other accurate methods either scale poorly with scene geometry or place restrictions on geometry and/or light source size and shape. Beam tracing is one solution which has historically been considered too slow and complicated for most practical rendering applications. Beam tracing's performance has been hindered by complex geometry intersection tests, and a lack of good acceleration structures with efficient algorithms to traverse them. We introduce fast new algorithms for beam tracing, specifically for beam–triangle intersection and beam–kd-tree traversal. The result is a beam tracer capable of calculating precise primary visibility and point light shadows in real-time. Moreover, beam tracing provides full area elements instead of point samples, which allows us to maintain coherence through to secondary effects and utilize the GPU for high quality antialiasing and shading with minimal extra cost. More importantly, our analysis shows that beam tracing is particularly well suited to soft shadows from area lights, and we generate essentially exact noise-free soft shadows for complex scenes in seconds rather than minutes or hours.
Dimensional analyses of taxonic data

Principal component analysis (PCA) and common factor analysis are often used to model latent data structures. Typically, such analyses assume a single population whose correlation or covariance matrix is modelled. However, data may sometimes be unwittingly sampled from mixed populations containing a taxon (nonarbitrary subpopulation) and its complement class. One derives relations between values of PCA parameters within subpopulations and their values in the mixed population. These results are then extended to factor analysis in mixed populations. As relationships between subpopulation and mixed-population principal components and factors sensitively depend on within-subpopulation structures and between-subpopulation differences, naive interpretation of PCA or factor analytic findings can potentially mislead. Several analyses, better suited to the dimensional analysis of admixture data structures, are presented and compared.
Vice president for student affairs and dean of students: Is it possible to do it all?

This chapter examines the role of vice president for student affairs and dean of students, the similarities and differences between the two roles, and the realities of holding both titles at a small college.
Management of Suicidal Drug Overdose

INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents, and yet for each fatality it is estimated that between 50 to 200 adolescents survive a suicide attempt. Most of the survivors have taken overdoses of drugs commonly found at home. The rate of suicide attempts that do not result in death peaks in adolescence. The male to female ratio is 1/2 and self-poisoning is usually the method. In contrast, suicide fatality rates generally increase with age. Overall, suicide is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States; the male to female ratio is 3/1; and the method used most often is fire-arms. Clearly, suicidal behavior by adolescents is a major health problem in the United States today. The usual challenge for the pediatrician is first managing an acute drug overdose and then facilitating subsequent psychosocial evaluation of the troubled youth. The key challenge is identification of disturbed individuals and their families prior to any suicidal acts. DIAGNOSIS AND PHYSIOLOGIC MANAGEMENT Most young people who present with a suicidal drug overdose are not comatose; many are asymptomatic. In such situations a careful history may be obtained from the patient to determine: the events surrounding the ingestion, which drug or drugs were taken, how much, and when the ingestion occurred.
Learning spatially variant dissimilarity (SVaD) measures

Clustering algorithms typically operate on a feature vector representation of the data and find clusters that are compact with respect to an assumed (dis)similarity measure between the data points in feature space. This makes the type of clusters identified highly dependent on the assumed similarity measure. Building on recent work in this area, we formally define a class of spatially varying dissimilarity measures and propose algorithms to learn the dissimilarity measure automatically from the data. The idea is to identify clusters that are compact with respect to the unknown spatially varying dissimilarity measure. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithms are more stable and achieve better accuracy on various textual data sets when compared with similar algorithms proposed in the literature.
Non-lithographic electrochemical patterning of polypyrrole arrays using single-layered colloidal templates on HOPG surface: effects of electrodeposition time and field-gradient

Highly ordered conducting polypyrrole sub-micropore arrays were formed on HOPG substrates using the single-layer non-lithographic colloidal templating technique and electrodeposition method. The morphology and the opening sizes on the sub-micropores were highly dependent on the electrodeposition time and thickness. Various shapes of the polymeric arrays were observed including: honeycombs, flat ring-shape, and hollow shells—which can appear on the same sample surface due to gradients on the electrical charge (or distance) passed through a conducting sample.
Searching for a “Plan B”: Young Adults' Strategies for Finding Information about Emergency Contraception Online

While research has established that turning to the Internet for information about health matters is increasingly common, we know little about the strategies that people use to access such information and the accuracy of material they consult online. This paper draws on in-person observations and interviews with a diverse group of 210 young adults about their experiences with looking for emergency contraception (EC) information on the Web. Findings suggest that despite being a highly wired group with much experience using the Internet, many respondents are unable to find accurate information on this important topic. One third of participants were unable to find any relevant information about EC and the majority of the whole group could not identify the most efficient way to acquire EC in a time of need. Results suggest that despite vast amounts of information available online, many people do not have the necessary skills to navigate online content well with policy implications for educating people about informed and efficient Internet uses.
Examining “fat talk” experimentally in a female dyad: How are women influenced by another woman's body presentation style?

Fat talk, the verbal dissatisfaction that women express about their bodies, was studied in a female dyad whereby participants interacted with a female confederate who either self-derogated, self-accepted, or self-aggrandized. A 2 (participant body esteem: high vs. low) ×3 (confederate style of body image presentation) design was used. Results revealed that participants’ public disclosure of their body image varied according to confederate's style. Consistent with a reciprocity effect, participants disclosed the lowest public body image ratings in the self-derogate condition, with moderate ratings in the self-accept condition, and highest ratings in the self-aggrandize condition. Moreover, participants with low compared to high body esteem stated lower public body image. Participants’ judgments of the confederates’ likeability did not vary as a function of the confederate's body presentational style. Findings support the recursive nature of the social psychology of body image such that personal body image dissatisfaction is partially influenced by fat talk social norms.
Aerodynamic Optimization of Integrated Wing-Engine Geometry Using an Unstructured Vorticity Solver

This paper discusses the use of a high fidelity surface vorticity solver in conjunction with an optimizer to find optimal solutions for engine integration. The case study for this paper is an aerodynamically optimized engine configuration added to the DLR-F4 from the AIAA CFD drag prediction workshop. The unstructured meshes generated during the optimization process are produced by Open Vehicle Sketch Pad. The SwarmOps particle swarm optimization algorithm is used within Phoenix Integration Model Center during the optimization process.
P2.01ANG-1005 in Patients with Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer: Correlative Imaging with 18F-FLT-PET/CT

ABSTRACT Background: ANG1005 (formerly GRN1005) is a novel drug conjugate consisting of 3 paclitaxel molecules covalently linked to Angiopep-2 designed to cross the blood brain barrier via endocytosis after binding the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP). In development for taxane-sensitive brain metastases, a multi-center, single-arm study with the primary endpoint of intra-cranial overall response rate in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer is ongoing. Since MRI detection of brain metastases utilizes gadolinium leakage rather than actual tumor volume, new assessment methods are needed. A pilot study at the NCI enrolled patients to evaluate the utility of 18F-FLT (3'-fluoro-3' deoxythymidine)-PET. Methods: Patients with measurable brain metastases from breast cancer were eligible. ANG1005 was administered IV at 550 mg/m2 q 21 days. MRI imaging with gadolinium was used to determine clinical response, and compared to 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging performed before and after cycle 1. FLT incorporation reflects DNA synthesis. Dynamic scans were obtained over 30 min and a static whole body PET image at 1 hour. The % change in standard uptake value (SUV) before and after ANG1005 was determined, considering a significant change > 20%. Results: Eighteen metastatic brain lesions in eight patients were analyzed with FLT PET. The maximum (SUVmax) ranged from 0.8 to 4.0 at baseline, mean 1.8. Tumor to normal (T:N) ratios ranged from 2.9 to 22.3, mean 7.7. Twelve of the 18 lesions showed a >20% decrease post-therapy. The average % change in SUVmax was -24.8% (11 to -66.8%), and T:N ratios -7.7%. The FLT-PET response was frequently discordant with the MRI result. Two patients had confirmed partial responses with durations of response of 6 and 13 cycles. One patient had an unconfirmed PR, with progression after 6 cycles. Two patients had stable disease, receiving 6 and 8 cycles. Conclusion: Therapy for CNS metastases from breast cancer is an important unmet need, as is assessment of therapeutic outcome. ANG1005 is a paclitaxel conjugate with demonstrated activity designed to cross the blood-brain barrier. Pilot evaluations of FLT-PET imaging of brain metastases suggest it is a promising tool for detection and measurement of CNS disease.
USE OF PHOSPHOR COATINGS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

Phosphor thermometry has been used for many years for non -contact temperature measurements. Aerospace systems are particularly prone to adverse high temperature environments, including large blackbody background, vibration, rotation, fire/flame, pressure, or noise. These environments often restrict the use of more common thermocouples or infrared thermometric techniques. Temperature measurements inside jet turbines, rocket engines, or similar devices are especially amenable to fluorescence tech niques. Often the phosphor powders are suspended in binders and applied like paint or applied as high temperature sprays. Thin coatings that are less than 50 µm thick are used on the surfaces of interest. These coatings will quickly assume the same temp erature as the surface to which they are applied. The temperature dependence of phosphors is a function of the base matrix atoms and a small quantity of added activator or “dopant” ions. Often for high temperature applications, the selected materials are refractory and include rare earth ions. Phosphors like Y 3Al 5O12 (YAG) doped with Eu, Dy, or Tm, Y 2O3 doped with Eu, or similar rare earth compounds, will survive high temperatures and can be configured to emit light that changes rapidly in lifetime and i ntensity. Recently, a YAG:Cr phosphor paint emitted fluorescence during short duration tests in a high Mach number hydrogen flame at 2,200 °C. One of the biggest challenges is to locate a binder material that can withstand tremendous variations in temper ature in an adverse aerospace environment. This presentation will give research results applicable to the use of phosphors for aerospace thermometry. Emphasis will be placed on the selection of phosphor and binder combinations that can withstand high tem peratures. Evidence for light pumping for Y 2O3:Cr/YAG:Ce mixture and preliminary triboluminescence results for ZnS:Mn will also be presented. These results are the first step towards the development of a smart material damage sensor.
USE OF CLOPIDOGREL VERSUS PRASUGREL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: FACTORS INFLUENCING REAL-WORLD THERAPEUTIC DECISION-MAKING

The determinants of clinical decision-making for potent platelet inhibition with prasugrel versus clopidogrel in real-world patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify factors
Collaboration across difference: a joint autoethnographic examination of power and whiteness in the higher education anti-cuts movement

AbstractWe outline structures of whiteness and analyze how forms of dominance embedded and enacted in higher education structures have been made salient, through a self-reflexive account of the authors’ anti-cuts organizing. The authors implicate themselves, reflexively incorporating positions as a white, female, working class-raised doctoral student and a white, female, working class-raised professor situated in the cultures of California, University of California (UC) at Santa Cruz, and organizational cultures of groups within the movement. The authors explore organizing activities, intersectionality, positionality, privilege, collaboration, solidarity and links to literatures regarding whiteness within this context. We raise questions about how the anti-cuts movement is unfolding, how individuals and groups work with each other, and how we negotiate privilege.
Use Dependence of Heat Sensitivity of Vanilloid Receptor TRPV2

Thermal TRP channels mediate temperature transduction and pain sensation. The vanilloid receptor TRPV2 is involved in detection of noxious heat in a subpopulation of high-threshold nociceptors. It also plays a critical role in development of thermal hyperalgesia, but the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. Here we analyze the heat sensitivity of the TRPV2 channel. Heat activation of the channel exhibits strong use dependence. Prior heat activation can profoundly alter its subsequent temperature responsiveness, causing decreases in both temperature activation threshold and slope sensitivity of temperature dependence while accelerating activation time courses. Notably, heat and agonist activations differ in cross use-dependence. Prior heat stimulation can dramatically sensitize agonist responses, but not conversely. Quantitative analyses indicate that the use dependence in heat sensitivity is pertinent to the process of temperature sensing by the channel. The use dependence of TRPV2 reveals that the channel can have a dynamic temperature sensitivity. The temperature sensing structures within the channel have multiple conformations and the temperature activation pathway is separate from the agonist activation pathway. Physiologically, the use dependence of TRPV2 confers nociceptors with a hypersensitivity to heat and thus provides a mechanism for peripheral thermal hyperalgesia.
Retinal artery and vein thrombotic occlusion during pregnancy: markers for familial thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Background Ocular vascular occlusion (OVO), first diagnosed during or immediately after giving birth, often reflects superposition of the physiologic thrombophilia of pregnancy on previously undiagnosed underlying familial or acquired thrombophilia associated with spontaneous abortion, eclampsia, or maternal thrombosis.
Metabolic Manifestations of Multiple Systems Organ Failure

It is apparent that the metabolic response to injury as manifest in hypermetabolism and organ failure is a markedly different process from standard starvation. As such, it seems to have a different set of support principles that are probably better called metabolic support than nutritional support. The best treatment remains prevention by controlling the presence of dead tissue, injured tissue, and infection, and by appropriately restoring and maintaining oxygen transport. With control of the source and the restoration of oxygen transport, the primary mode of support becomes one of metabolic support. This modality is a support tool that appears to "buy time" and help control malnutrition as a comorbidity or comortality. The principles that have evolved in large part have been those of learning to do no harm. The prevention of substrate limited metabolism and effective support of visceral functions is now available until the late stage of the organ failure process. We still cannot control the catabolic stimulus and the autocannibalism of the skeletal muscle mass with the redistribution of nitrogen into the visceral protein mass and the use of amino acids as prime energy sources. The ability to control this stimulus will probably reside in our ability to understand and manipulate the mediator systems. We are now evolving effective support regimens for preserving organ structure and function and for promoting tissue repair. The route of administration as well as the time of administration of the regimen may have some impact on the disease course itself. When metabolic support has been applied in the setting of intelligent surgery and critical care, a progressive reduction in morbidity and mortality has been realized over the last several years such that the current mortality risk for the organ failure syndrome is in the 35 to 40 per cent range overall.
On capturing the grain-scale elastic and plastic anisotropy of alpha-Ti with spherical nanoindentation and electron back-scattered diffraction

Abstract Spherical nanoindentation combined with electron back-scattered diffraction has been employed to characterize the grain-scale elastic and plastic anisotropy of single crystal alpha-Ti of two different compositions (in two different titanium alloys). Data analyses protocols needed to reliably extract the desired properties of interest are extended and demonstrated in this paper. Specifically, the grain-scale mechanical response is extracted in the form of indentation stress-strain curves for commercially pure (CP-Ti) alpha-Ti and alloyed (Ti-64) titanium from measurements on polycrystalline samples. The results are compared with responses of single crystals and nanoindentation tests (hardness and modulus) from the literature, and the measured indentation moduli are validated using crystal-elastic finite element simulations. The results obtained in this study show that (i) it is possible to characterize reliably the elastic and plastic anisotropy of alpha-Ti (hcp) of varying alloying contents with spherical nanoindentation stress-strain curves, (ii) the indentation modulus of alpha-Ti-64 is 5–10% less than CP-Ti, and (iii) the indentation yield strength of alpha-Ti-64 is 50–80% higher than CP-Ti.
Accounting for Outcomes: Monitoring and Evaluation in the Transnational NGO Sector

As globally operating social sector organizations, transnational NGOs face complex challenges relating to monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning (MEAL). This chapter provides an overview of MEAL in the transnational NGO sector, explains the logic of impact evaluation, introduces important concepts, outlines commonly used evaluation designs, and offers a performance management framework based on the principle of outcome accountability. The chapter also addresses relevant controversies, considers the catalysts and obstacles to quality MEAL in the social sector, and provides guidance for managers and leaders interested in strengthening MEAL capacity within their organizations.
Multicluster Pcdh diversity is required for mouse olfactory neural circuit assembly

The vertebrate clustered protocadherin (Pcdh) cell surface proteins are encoded by three closely linked gene clusters (Pcdhα, Pcdhβ, and Pcdhγ). Here, we show that all three gene clusters functionally cooperate to provide individual mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) with the cell surface diversity required for their assembly into distinct glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Although deletion of individual Pcdh clusters had subtle phenotypic consequences, the loss of all three clusters (tricluster deletion) led to a severe axonal arborization defect and loss of self-avoidance. By contrast, when endogenous Pcdh diversity is overridden by the expression of a single–tricluster gene repertoire (α and β and γ), OSN axons fail to converge to form glomeruli, likely owing to contact-mediated repulsion between axons expressing identical combinations of Pcdh isoforms.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences in Prenatal Care.

Abstract Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common among pregnant women and contribute to increased risk for negative perinatal outcomes, yet few clinicians screen prenatal patients for ACEs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of screening for ACEs in standard prenatal care. Methods: We evaluated a 4-month pilot (March 2016–June 2016) to screen pregnant women (at ∼14–23 weeks of gestation) for ACEs and resiliency in two Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical centers (N = 480). We examined the acceptability of the screening to patients through telephone surveys (N = 210) and to clinicians through surveys and focus groups (N = 26). Results: Most eligible patients (78%) were screened. Patients who received the screening were significantly more likely to be non-Hispanic White, Asian, or of “Other” or “Unknown” race/ethnicity than African American or Hispanic race/ethnicity (p = 0.02). Among those screened, 88% completed the questionnaires; 54...
The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Initiation of Inflammation in Shock

Inadequate tissue perfusion occurs in a number of settings in critically ill patients. Septic patients experience bouts of hypotension and inadequate perfusion and may experience regional ischemia due to dysregulation of the microcirculation. Organ ischemia may result from vascular occlusive events such as myocardial infarction or stroke, or from transient vascular occlusion during surgical procedures. Multisystem trauma involving both tissue destruction and hemorrhage can result in localized tissue ischemia at the site of injury as well as systemic hypoperfusion due to blood loss. Hemorrhagic shock in the absence of infection or tissue damage due to injury or surgical procedures is the purest form of global ischemia. Common to all events involving sustained, reduced organ perfusion is organ damage and inflammation that becomes evident upon reperfusion. Efforts to understand how ischemia and reperfusion initiate inflammation and lead to organ damage have focused on models of isolated organ ischemia and reperfusion in hemorrhagic shock.
STM-Induced Modification and Electrical Properties of Surfaces on the Atomic and Nanometer Scales

We first discuss the atomic and nanometer scale modification of strongly-bonded materials. Our approach involves short-range tip-sample chemical interactions and the effects of the electrostatic field produced by a voltage pulse. This process is demonstrated by the controlled removal and redeposition of individual atoms or clusters of Si atoms from Si(111). We then show that due to the elastic coupling of surface atoms, there is a material-dependent limit on how local an STM-induced modification can be. We use the modification of the reconstruction of an Au(111) surface as an example. The electrical properties of nanometer-size contacts to metal and silicon surfaces and nanostructures are also explored via tip-sample point-contacts. The metal (tip)-semiconductor contacts are models of Schottky-diodes at an extreme level of miniaturization. Analysis of the resulting I-V curves reveals important differences between the nano-diodes and the corresponding macroscopic devices. Nevertheless, 10 nm diameter diodes are functional electronic devices. Contacts to nanostructures show the importance of carrier scattering at boundaries (steps). We demonstrate that scattering at steps and the resulting interference between incident and reflected waves can be directly imaged in (dI/dV)/(I/V) maps.
Melatonin prevents δ-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative DNA damage in the presence of Fe2+

δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor which accumulates during lead poisoning and acute intermittent porphyria, is reported to cause liver cancer. The carcinogenic mechanisms of ALA may relate to its ability to generate free radicals through metal-catalyzed oxidation which cause oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of melatonin, trolox (vitamin E) and mannitol in altering DNA damage induced by ALA. Herein, we found, in the presence of Fe2+, that ALA-induced formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in calf thymus DNA was dose and time-dependent. Melatonin, mannitol and trolox, all of which are free radical scavengers, inhibited the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration of each (melatonin, mannitol and trolox) required to reduce DNA damage by 50%, i.e., the IC50, was 0.52, 0.84 and 0.90 mM, respectively.