cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process and Microstructure in Materials-Affected Manufacturing

The fundamental understanding of manufacturing processes has been long focused on the geometric, mechanic, and thermal aspects leading to the product shape and finish. However, the effects of process mechanics attributing to material microstructural properties and constitutive characteristics are essential but not yet well understood due to the intricacy of multiple scale process-materials interaction physics. Further, the effects of materials mechanics on the process behaviors, in the context of stress and heat generations, carries significant practical relevance but has not been fully addressed in science. This is to state that manufacturing processes, such as metal forging, polymer compression modeling, 3-D printing, et al., commonly involve a significant amount of mechanical, thermal, and even chemical loadings that interact strongly with part material microstructural evolutions, which in turn determine the performance and functionality beyond just the shape and finish of the end products. On the other hand, the materials microstructure in terms of grain size, texture, phase field, etc. can also change the stress and heat generation mechanics of the manufacturing process. The scope of this paper is to present the “materials-affected manufacturing” connotation in exploring how process mechanics and materials mechanics interact retroactively with each other, and based upon this connotation better predictions of force, temperature, residual stress, and final part properties and functionalities can be possible. The materials-affected manufacturing analysis methodology involves an iterative blending scheme in combining microstructural synthesis and material homogenization analysis to allow for the interactive effects of materials dynamics and processing mechanics to be considered simultaneously. This paper discusses the basic formulation, computational configuration, and experimental validation in the example cases of machining operations with material recrystallization, grain size variation, recrystallization, texture, and phase field in consideration. Explicit calculation of material microstructure evolution path is provided as functions of process parameters and materials attributes. To factor the material microstructure states into the thermo-mechanical coupling process, the material microstructure terms are introduced into the traditional material constitutive model with hardened steels and titanium alloys as examples. Results show that residual stresses and machining forcescan be better modeled and predicted in the materials-affected manufacturing analysis platform.
Iveta Radičová: The First Female Prime Minister in Slovakia

Iveta Radicova became Slovakia’s first female prime minister in 2010 and held that post until her government fell in 2011. A longtime civic activist and academic, Radicova became a minister based on her expert credentials in 2002. In 2006 she entered partisan politics when she was elected to parliament as an independent on a party list and later became a member of the center-right SDKU-DS party. In 2009 she ran for president. Although she did not win the office, she made it to the second round as the candidate with the second largest number of votes. In 2010 she became the electoral leader of her party and prime minister when her party was asked to form the government. As prime minister she focused on anticorruption measures and increasing government transparency as well as on dealing with the continued impact of the economic crisis of 2008–2009 in Slovakia. Although she did not run as a ‘women’s candidate,’ or emphasize gender in her campaigns, she also focused on reform of the labor code, unemployment, and other measures that helped women. Her relatively short tenure as prime minister did not result in an immediate increase in women’s representation in politics. However, as an example of a woman leader with a distinguished record of public service and accomplishment in several areas, her career will serve as a model of what it is possible for women to achieve in Slovakia.
GRAMICIDIN S MESSENGER RNA. I. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION.

Gramicidin S, the cyclic decapeptide characteristic of Bacillus brevis no. 9999 from the American Type Culture Collection was produced when pH 4·8 supernatant solution from ruptured cells of this strain was incubated with ribosomes and pH 4·8 precipitate from the American Type Culture Collection no. 8185 (Dubos) variety of the organism, which does not normally synthesize this polypeptide. The factor determining the nature of the polypeptide produced was extracted from B. brevis 9999 supernatant solution with phenol, and shown to be sensitive to RNase. Upon elution from a DEAE-Sephadex column, this RNA separated into two major fractions. Both were required for gramicidin S synthesis, in the presence of RNase-treated supernatant solution from B. brevis 9999. However, only the first fraction was necessary for synthesis in the presence of untreated supernatant solution from B. brevis 8185. Evidence is presented that this RNA acted as the template for the synthesis of gramicidin S.
The Evidence Based Practitioner: Applying Research to Meet Client Needs (2017): by Catana Brown, 233 pp., Soft Cover, ISBN-13: 9780803643666, FA Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA, Price: $59.95

Occupational therapy practitioners are experiencing increasing pressure to support the clinical interventions used in practice with current research. It is not enough to stay “up to date” on what i...
SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE1 Links DNA Damage Response to Organ Regeneration

In Arabidopsis, DNA damage-induced programmed cell death is limited to the meristematic stem cell niche and its early descendants. The significance of this cell-type-specific programmed cell death is unclear. Here, we demonstrate in roots that it is the programmed destruction of the mitotically compromised stem cell niche that triggers its regeneration, enabling growth recovery. In contrast to wild-type plants, sog1 plants, which are defective in damage-induced programmed cell death, maintain the cell identities and stereotypical structure of the stem cell niche after irradiation, but these cells fail to undergo cell division, terminating root growth. We propose DNA damage-induced programmed cell death is employed by plants as a developmental response, contrasting with its role as an anticarcinogenic response in animals. This role in plants may have evolved to restore the growth of embryos after the accumulation of DNA damage in seeds.
HEAT TREATMENT OF FOODS | Action of Microwaves

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by A. Stolle, Barbara Schalch, volume 2, pp 1036–1041, © 1999, Elsevier Ltd.
Effects of sevoflurane on inward rectifier K+ current in guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes

The effects of sevoflurane on the inward rectifier potassium current (IKIR) were examined in guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes using the whole cell patch-clamp methodology. Sevoflurane had a un...
All optical NOR gate via tunnel-junction transistor lasers for high speed optical logic processors

Tunnel-junction transistor lasers (TJ-TLs) is a critical element to form a universal electro-optical NOR gate and an optical bistable latch which can be developed into a compact chip-level solution for optical logic processors operating at GHz speed.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS AND THE CORRESPONDING OPTIMAL VERSION OF THE MULTIPLE COMPARISON PROBLEM

Publisher Summary The sources of most interesting theoretical problems of relatively young mathematical disciplines are, frequently, substantive problems, that is, problems arising in studies of nature. One of the important substantive problems of modern times is that of the detection of noxious synergisms. This chapter explores whether any of the agents A, B, …, C expected to penetrate the environment is likely to be deleterious to public health and whether the combined effect of two or more of these agents, say of A and B, or of A and B and C, and so on is deleterious. The chapter presents the history of the problem of mathematical statistics generated by the above substantive problem. This history begins with the remarkable insight of Fisher, in the mid-1920s and encompasses the present efforts in Berkeley begun in the spring of 1975, with quite a few individuals involved.
Nontraditional Students' Perceptions of Marginalization in Baccalaureate Nursing Education: Pushed to the Periphery.

Background Despite the continued efforts to diversify the population of nursing students in the United States, marginalization and attrition remain significant issues for nontraditional students. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between marginality and nontraditional student status in nursing students enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing program in Texas. Method A nonexperimental, descriptive, correlational design was used for data collection. Participants (n = 192) completed a demographic survey, and marginality was measured using the Koci Marginality Index-70. Results There was a statistically significant difference in mean scores for a number of variables including gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, total household income, completion of a previous college degree, being a parent, and a student for whom English is a nonnative language. Conclusion The findings from this research study suggest that marginalization remains a significant issue for nontraditional, prelicensure nursing students.
Random-Forest-Inspired Neural Networks

Neural networks have become very popular in recent years, because of the astonishing success of deep learning in various domains such as image and speech recognition. In many of these domains, specific architectures of neural networks, such as convolutional networks, seem to fit the particular structure of the problem domain very well and can therefore perform in an astonishingly effective way. However, the success of neural networks is not universal across all domains. Indeed, for learning problems without any special structure, or in cases where the data are somewhat limited, neural networks are known not to perform well with respect to traditional machine-learning methods such as random forests. In this article, we show that a carefully designed neural network with random forest structure can have better generalization ability. In fact, this architecture is more powerful than random forests, because the back-propagation algorithm reduces to a more powerful and generalized way of constructing a decision tree. Furthermore, the approach is efficient to train and requires a small constant factor of the number of training examples. This efficiency allows the training of multiple neural networks to improve the generalization accuracy. Experimental results on real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed enhancements for classification and regression.
Lingering Authoritarian Attitudes in Latin America: The Support for Caudillo Rule

This paper taps on the support for caudillo-rule in Latin America. Using public opinion data gathered by the American Barometer in 2010, it explores the extent of support for presidential actions such as closing down other branches of government and the predictors that explain why some citizens in the region would endorse such actions. Through a multivariate model the paper tests whether socio-demographic factors such as education and wealth are related to a higher support for caudillo-rule in Latin America, but it also explores if certain conditions of threat can exacerbate this support. Finally it examines if embedded authoritarian attitudes and values are also related to a higher support for caudillo-rule. The analysis shows that the support for caudillo-rule is a rather complex issue. The threat variables were significant predictors, but in the opposite direction to what was hypothesized. With regard to the sociodemographic variables, as expected lower levels of education and lower wealth are correlated with the support for caudillo leadership, in addition to other variables such as age and living in smaller towns or rural areas. The strongest explanations, however, come from the set of variables that measure other authoritarian predispositions; there is in fact a positive correlation with a variety of authoritarian predispositions, mild, strong or extreme.
Disorders of Calcium Metabolism

The extracellular fluid (or plasma) calcium concentration is tightly controlled by a complex homeostatic mechanism involving fluxes of calcium across the kidney, bone, and gut. These fluxes are regulated by three major hormones: parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). Important cellular functions, such as those listed in Table 1, are dependent on the maintenance of the extracellular calcium concentration within a narrow range (1). Disruption of this finely tuned system results in disorders of calcium metabolism that have predictable effects on these essential physiologic functions and result in the signs and symptoms associated with hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
Identification of novel prognostic markers of glioblastoma using computational strategies on four genomic datasets.

11045 Background: We sought to discover novel biomarkers using computational strategies on four genomic/epigenomic datasets to improve prognostication in glioblastoma (GBM). Methods: We obtained su...
Habitat Preferences of Nesting Southeastern American Kestrels in Florida: The Importance of Ground Cover

Habitat associations for Falco sparverius (American Kestrel) have been quantified for agricultural landscapes dominated by pastures and fields, but little is known about the species' habitat requirements in natural plant communities such as forests, savannas, and grasslands. Prescriptions for habitat management for the threatened F. s. paulus (Southeastern American Kestrel) in sandhills remain unclear. We assessed how habitat features affected occupancy rates and nest success of Southeastern American Kestrels on 4 conservation lands in peninsular Florida. We assessed habitat relationships at 3 spatial scales (patch, territory, landscape) around 58 nest boxes. We identified a reduced habitat-patch model with 1 variable (percent grass cover) as the best fit for predicting Southeastern American Kestrel occupancy, but none of the habitat models predicted nest success better than the null model. Occupied patches averaged more grass cover (52%), and unoccupied patches averaged relatively little grass cover (32%). Habitat characteristics within nest box territories occupied by Southeastern American Kestrels (i.e., open tree canopy with few woody shrubs and a graminoid-dominated low groundcover) were consistent with ecological reference conditions for sandhills and habitat conditions recommended for other fire-dependent bird species of conservation interest. The loss of suitable foraging habitat (e.g., open ground cover) has received little attention in regional or continental efforts to arrest population declines of the American Kestrel. Additional effort toward maintaining suitable groundcover in native pyrogenic plant communities for Southeastern American Kestrels appears to be warranted.
Neuromuscular ultrasound for taxane peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer

Background Our study aim was to evaluate neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) for the assessment of taxane chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), the dose-limiting toxicity of this agent. Methods This cross-sectional study of breast cancer patients with taxane CIPN measured nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) by NMUS and compared with healthy historical controls. Correlations were determined between CSA and symptom scale, nerve conduction studies, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). Results A total of 20 participants reported moderate CIPN symptoms at a median of 3.8 months following the last taxane dose. Sural nerve CSA was 1.2 mm2 smaller than healthy controls (P ≤ .01). Older age and time since taxane were associated with smaller sural nerve CSA. For each 1 mm2 decrease in sural nerve CSA, distal IENFD decreased by 2.1 nerve/mm (R2 0.30; P = .04). Conclusions These data support a sensory predominant taxane neuropathy or neuronopathy and warrant future research on longitudinal NMUS assessment of CIPN.
Reductive TCA cycle enzymes and reductive amino acid synthesis pathways contribute to electron balance in a Rhodospirillum rubrum Calvin cycle mutant

Abstract Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) use light for energy and organic substrates for carbon and electrons when growing photoheterotrophically. This lifestyle generates more reduced electron carriers than are required for biosynthesis, even during consumption of some of the most oxidized organic substrates like malate and fumarate. Excess reduced electron carriers must be oxidized for photoheterotrophic growth to occur. Diverse PNSB commonly rely on the CO2-fixing Calvin cycle to oxidize excess reduced electron carriers. Some PNSB also produce H2 or reduce terminal electron acceptors as alternatives to the Calvin cycle. Rhodospirillum rubrum Calvin cycle mutants defy this trend by growing phototrophically on malate or fumarate without H2 production or access to terminal electron acceptors. We used 13C-tracer experiments to examine how a Rs. rubrum Calvin cycle mutant maintains electron balance under such conditions. We detected the reversal of some TCA cycle enzymes, which carried reductive flux from malate or fumarate to α-ketoglutarate. This pathway and the reductive synthesis of amino acids derived from α-ketoglutarate are likely important for electron balance, as supplementing the growth medium with α-ketoglutarate-derived amino acids prevented Rs. rubrum Calvin cycle mutant growth unless a terminal electron acceptor was provided. Flux estimates also suggested that the Calvin cycle mutant preferentially synthesized isoleucine using the reductive threonine-dependent pathway instead of the less-reductive citramalate-dependent pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that alternative biosynthetic pathways can contribute to electron balance within the constraints of a relatively constant biomass composition.
Ambulatory Clinician's Guide to Inpatient Service: An Innovative Rapid Onboarding Strategy for the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and Significance When hospitals are subject to prolonged surges in patients, such as during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, additional clinicians may be needed to care for the rapid increase of acutely ill patients. How might we quickly prepare a large number of ambulatory-based clinicians to care for hospitalized patients using the inpatient workflow of the electronic health record (EHR)? Objectives The aim of the study is to create a successful training intervention which prepares ambulatory-based clinicians as they transition to inpatient services. Methods We created a training guide with embedded videos that describes the workflow of an inpatient clinician. We delivered this intervention via an e-mail hyperlink, a static hyperlink inside of the EHR, and an on-demand hyperlink within the EHR. Results In anticipation of the first peak of inpatients with COVID-19 in April 2020, the training manual was accessed 261 times by 167 unique users as clinicians anticipated being called into service. As our institution has not yet needed to deploy ambulatory-based clinicians for inpatient service, usage data of the training document is still pending. Conclusion We intend that our novel implementation of a multimedia, highly accessible onboarding document with access from points inside and outside of the EHR will improve clinician performance and serve as a helpful example to other organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Sensors and Machine Learning Models to Prevent Cooktop Ignition and Ignore Normal Cooking

Cooking equipment is involved in nearly half of home fires in the United States, with cooktop fires the leading cause of deaths and injuries in cooking-related fires. In this study, we evaluate 16 electrochemical, optical, temperature and humidity sensors, placed in the cooktop exhaust duct, for use in predicting and preventing cooktop ignition. The sensors were evaluated in a series of 60 experiments conducted in a mock kitchen. Experiments covered a broad range of conditions, including both unattended cooking and normal cooking scenarios, where 39 experiments led to auto-ignition. The experiments involved a variety of cooking oils and foods and were conducted using either an electric coil cooktop, gas-fueled cooktop, or electric oven. The sensor data collected in the experiments were used in two types of analysis, threshold analysis and neural-network analysis, to estimate the performance of the sensors for predicting ignition and ignoring normal cooking conditions. The combined information from multiple sensors was evaluated in sensor ratios with threshold analysis, and in the neural-network models developed using selected pairs of sensor inputs. Some of the multiple-sensor cases performed as well as or better than the individual sensor thresholds and individual sensor models. Consistently across threshold and machine learning analysis, the best performing sensor was the sensor measuring volatile organic compounds. This sensor was also included in all of the best performing sensor ratios and machine learning models.
Identifying preventable underlying circumstances that led to infant death in Lusaka, Zambia: an extended approach to the three delays model

Purpose: Infant mortality rates remain disproportionately high in the sub-Saharan African region. Studies suggest that many of these deaths may be preventable and correspond to three delays: delay in seeking care, delay in reaching care, and delay in receiving adequate care. The purpose of this study is to identify preventable structural and sociocultural factors contributing to infant death in Zambia by applying an extended approach to the three delays …
Rapid histological imaging of bone without microtome sectioning using nonlinear microscopy

Abstract Tissue preparation for histologic evaluation of bone is particularly lengthy, limiting its use in intraoperative or intraprocedural histological evaluation. Nonlinear microscopy (NLM) is an optical sectioning microscopy method that can visualize pathology in freshly excised tissue without requiring physical microtome sectioning. This study describes a rapid protocol for NLM imaging of bone and associated cartilage. NLM imaging was performed on 71 specimens of normal bone as well as arthritic, malignant and inflammatory bone tissue from 40 patients who underwent joint replacement, amputation, bone marrow biopsy or autopsy. Specimens ranged in size from core needle biopsies to transections of entire femoral heads. Specimens were stained with acridine orange and sulforhodamine 101, nuclear and cytoplasmic/stromal fluorescent dyes, for 5 min, then rinsed for 30 s. NLM fluorescent images were displayed using colors analogous to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to facilitate interpretation. Pathologists examined NLM images of the specimens in real time by rapidly translating the specimen to areas of interest, similar to a standard transmission light microscope. By adjusting the NLM focus depth, images from a few-μm-thick layer could be obtained down to ~100 μm below the tissue surface, analogous to serial sectioning. Following real-time NLM imaging, the tissue was processed for conventional paraffin histology, and H&E slides were compared to recorded NLM images. Similarities and differences between NLM and paraffin H&E were assessed. NLM enabled visualization of normal bone architecture, including the lamellar matrix and osteocytes of trabecular bone, articular cartilage, as well as pathological bone features such osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and malignancy with an appearance resembling the paraffin H&E. Differences such as changes in cell border sharpness, cellular and nucleolar size, and color patterns were noted, suggesting that training is required for accurate evaluation of bone pathology with NLM. Irregular surface contours and debris generated by gross tissue preparation of bone can make some regions difficult to evaluate with NLM, but the ability to perform rapid three-dimensional translation and sub-surface imaging reduced these problems. NLM is a promising technique for rapid evaluation of bone pathology. Further studies assessing diagnostic performance are warranted.
Evaluation of parameters affecting gamma passing rate in patient-specific QAs for multiple brain lesions IMRS treatments using ray-station treatment planning system.

Purpose Using intensity-modulated radiosurgery (IMRS) with single isocenter for the treatment of multiple brain lesions has gained acceptance in recent years. One of the challenges of this technique is conducting a patient-specific quality assurance (QA), involving accurate gamma passing rate (GPR) calculations for small and wide spread-out targets. We evaluated effects of parameters such as dose grid and energy on GPR using our clinical IMRS plans. Methods Ten patients with total of 40 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were created in Raystation (V.8A) treatment planning system (TPS) for the Varian Edge Linac using 6 and 10 flattening filter-free (FFF) beams and planned dose grids of 1 mm and 2 mm resulting in four plans with 6-10 targets per patient. All parameters and objectives except dose grid and energy were kept the same in all plans. Next, patient-specific QAs were measured evaluating GPR with 10% threshold, 3%/3 mm objective, and an acceptance criterion of 95%. Modulation factors (MF) and confidence intervals were calculated. Two modes of measurements, standard density (SD) and high density (HD), were used. Results Generally, plans computed with 1 mm dose grid have higher GPRs than those with 2 mm dose grid for both energies used. The GPRs of 6 FFF plans were higher than those of 10 FFF plans. GPR showed no noticeable difference between HD and SD measurements. Negative correlation between MF and GPR was observed. The HD pass rates fall within the confidence interval of SD. Conclusion Calculated dose grid should be less than or equal to one-third of distance to agreement, thus 1 mm planned dose grid is recommended to reduce artifacts in gamma calculation. GPR of SD and HD measurement modes is almost the same, which indicates that SD mode is clinically preferable for performing patient-specific QAs. According to our results, using 6 FFF beams with 1 mm planned dose grid is more accurate and reliable for dose calculation of IMRS plans.
Vapor and liquid mass sensing by micromachined acoustic resonator

This paper describes a highly sensitive, resonant mass sensor (built on a micromachined diaphragm with a piezoelectric thin film) that can operate in vapor and liquid. In vapor, the sensor can detect a mass change of 10/sup -9/ g/cm/sup 2/ on its surface, comparable with that detectable by a typical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In liquid, by using an apparent second harmonic resonance of the resonator, a minimum 10 ppm resonant frequency shift can be detected. This paper presents also a new measurement technique that allows us to detect resonant frequency shift as small as 0.3 ppm when the resonant quality (Q) factor is about 250.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli Division by Protein X

We propose that protein X provides the connection between damage to Escherichia coli DNA and inhibition of septation and cell division. This connection is needed to guarantee that each new bacterium receives a complete DNA copy. We present several new experiments here which demonstrate that the degree to which septation is inhibited following damage to DNA is correlated with the amount of protein X that is produced. Rifampin selectively blocks protein X production. This drug was shown to allow cells whose DNA had been damaged by nalidixic acid to resume septation. Several mutants formed septa-less filaments and also produced protein X at 42 degrees C; rifampin both inhibited their production of protein X and permitted them to form septa and divide. Essentially complementary results were obtained with a dnaA mutant which at 42 degrees C stopped making DNA, did not produce protein X, and continued to divide; added bleomycin degraded DNA, induced protein X, and inhibited septation. These results, as well as previous observations, are all consistent with the proposal that protein X is produced as a consequence of DNA damage and is an inhibitor of septation. We suggest that septation could require binding of a single-stranded region of DNA to a septum site in the membrane. Protein X could block this binding by combining with the DNA. This control could provide an emergency mechanism in addition to the usually proposed coordination in which completion of DNA synthesis creates a positive effector for a terminal step of septation. Or it could be the sole coordinating mechanism, even under unperturbed growth conditions.
Sleep Deficiency and Quality of Life of Shift Workers

This paper is based on the results of a study designed to assess and compare the quantity and quality of sleep, health and well-being of morning and evening typed industrial shift workers consisting of a sample of 60 male workers, employed in a cigarette factory. The results showed that night shift is the most disruptive of all the shifts in terms of sleep deficiency and health complaints. The morningness and eveningness characteristics of the workers have significant impact on their quality and quantity of sleep. The shift systems, particularly afternoon and night shifts, disrupt workers' family and social lives. Reducing night shift and the adjusting the work schedule with the morningness and eveningness characteristics of the workers might improve their adaptability and tolerance to shift work, and quality of life.
Effects of Continuous Exposure to Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α on T Cell Rolling and Tight Adhesion to Monolayers of Activated Endothelial Cells

Immobilized stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) has been shown to induce tight adhesion of T cells to purified ICAM-1 in assays done under flow conditions. In this study, we show that soluble SDF-1α induced a rapid (within 20 s) cessation of rolling and tight adhesion of >90% of the rolling T cells on monolayers of activated endothelial cells under similar flow. Within 4 min, the T cells had either started to migrate between the endothelial cells or re-entered the rolling and circulating lymphocyte pool. This deadherence of the firmly bound cells, with either ensuing transmigration or continued rolling, was most likely due to desensitization of lymphocytes to the continuously present SDF-1α. The released rolling lymphocytes could still respond to other activating signals by a second round of tight adhesion. Pretreating the lymphocytes with pertussis toxin almost completely blocked the effect of the chemokine, confirming that the induction of firm adhesion was due to the function of the chemokine on the lymphocytes and not the endothelial cells. Pretreating the endothelium with SDF-1α did not lead to firm adhesion of subsequently added lymphocytes, also indicating that the effect was due to soluble, not endothelially bound, chemokine. Blocking experiments showed that the same molecules mediated rolling before and after SDF-1α-induced tight adhesion. This is the first study to demonstrate the effect of soluble SDF-1α on T cell rolling on an endothelial cell monolayer. The data broaden our understanding of the stimulatory factors directing the firm adhesion and ensuing transmigration of leukocytes into tissues through activated endothelium.
Chapter 9 Cellular and molecular basis of stress heart

Throughout evolution, adaptation has been the result of genotypic heredity, mutation, and natural selection. This scientific dogma has come to be the mainstay of medicine. As a result of environmental stresses, selective expression of genes has resulted in adaptation and survival of a particular organism. The heart is no exception. Environmental stresses can result in adaptation or cell death depending on the severity of the stress. Long-term myocardial hypoxia may lead to various changes in myocardial subcellular organelles as an adaptation to ischemic conditions. Hypoxic bursts of 5–10 min duration followed by reperfusion “ischemic preconditioning” can lead to both immediate and delayed responses. The immediate response leads to the production of intracellular second messengers that can help the myocyte to adapt to stress. The adaptive protection is mediated by gene expression and their transcriptional regulation. Recent findings indicate that multiple kinases, including MAP kinases and MAPKAP kinase 2, are likely to be involved in the adaptive signaling process.
Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries

Evidence from a broad panel of countries shows little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment. For growth, higher inequality tends to retard growth in poor countries and encourage growth in richer places. The Kuznets curve—whereby inequality first increases and later decreases during the process of economic development—emerges as a clear empirical regularity. However, this relation does not explain the bulk of variations in inequality across countries or over time.
Infrared and raman spectroscopy of carbohydrates : Part I: Identification of OH and CH-related vibrational modes for D-glucose, maltose, cellobiose, and dextran by deuterium-substitution methods

Abstract Laser-Raman spectra have been obtained from aqueous solutions of d -glucose, cellobiose, maltose, and dextran [(1 → 6)-α- d -glucan]. These four carbohydrates consist of one or more d -glucose residues, and their vibrational spectra are very similar. Comparison of the spectra of their solutions in water and deuterium oxide indicates that the Raman lines at approximately 1349, 1071, 1021, and 913 cm −1 (figures for d -glucose) for all four materials can be assigned modes related to the COH group. In addition, a number of modes related to CH have been identified by comparison of the infrared spectra of α- d -glucose and three C-deuterated d -glucoses in the solid state. Bands at 1457, 1337, 1219, and 1011 cm −1 for α- d -glucose are assigned to CH 2 -related modes, and those at 1404, 1360, 1250, 1076, 1047, 911, and 836 cm −1 to CH-related modes. The ratio of the frequency of an OH or CH deformation mode to that of the corresponding new band produced by deuteration is in the range 1.19±0.02 in most cases.
Rouen: La Semaine Rouge

While many are familiar with the Normandy Invasion, few American, Canadian or British citizens know about the massive air campaign waged against their occupied ally. This offensive lasted four long years and targeted most of France’s population centers and infrastructure. By the time the war was over, the Allied air forces killed as many French as the Germans killed British civilians during the “blitz” and vengeance weapon assaults, equaling between 60,000 and 75,000 out of a total of 150,000 French civilian deaths during the war were caused by Allied bombs. For Rouen’s civilians the war did not end on June 6, 1944. For more than two months, the city continued to see both the movement of German forces to the front and the continuation of attacks by fighter-bombers. After months of heavy allied bombing, Canadian troops finally moved into Rouen, ending the nightmare. Today, after decades of reconstruction, Rouen is a thriving, vibrant city. It has a beautiful riverfront, great shopping and wonderful cafes and restaurants. However, evidence of the wartime destruction is obvious: damage to the front of the Palace de Justice , the remains of burnt-out buildings, and the noticable differences in the architecture of buildings constructed before and after the war. Justified or not, the devastation of Rouen in 1944 is part of the Second World War’s sordid history. It is certainly a narrative worthy of understanding when evaluating the war’s effect on politics and society in the latter half of the twentieth century.
Test Facility Requirements for the Thermal Vacuum Thermal Balance Test of the Cosmic Background Explorer Observatory

The Cosmic Background Explorer Observatory (COBE) underwent a thermal vacuum thermal balance test in the Space Environment Simulator (SES). This was the largest and most complex test ever conducted at this facility. The 4 x 4 m (13 x 13 ft) spacecraft weighed approx. 2223 kg (4900 lbs) for the test. The test set up included simulator panels for the inboard solar array panels, simulator panels for the flight cowlings, Sun and Earth Sensor stimuli, Thermal Radio Frequency Shield heater stimuli and a cryopanel for thermal control in the Attitude Control System Shunt Dissipator area. The fixturing also included a unique 4.3 m (14 ft) diameter Gaseous Helium Cryopanel which provided a 20 K environment for the calibration of one of the spacecraft's instruments, the Differential Microwave Radiometer. This cryogenic panel caused extra contamination concerns and a special method was developed and written into the test procedure to prevent the high buildup of condensibles on the panel which could have led to backstreaming of the thermal vacuum chamber. The test was completed with a high quality simulated space environment provided to the spacecraft. The test requirements, test set up, and special fixturing are described.
Assaultive trauma and illness course in psychotic bipolar disorder: findings from the Suffolk county mental health project.

Objective: Little is known about the relationship of assaultive trauma to clinical and functional outcome in patients with bipolar disorder. Method: We assessed trauma histories in a cohort of 109 first-admission bipolar patients with psychosis using structured interviews and medical records. Assaultive trauma included rape, physical attacks, and physical threats. Outcome was assessed using standardized ratings. Results: Forty percent reported a history of assaultive trauma, mostly in childhood (≤16 years). Exposed patients were more symptomatic at each follow-up than unexposed. Sixteen percent of exposed patients remitted after one episode compared with 38.5% of the non-exposed. Patients exposed as adults were the most symptomatic at 6 months, while patients exposed in childhood were the most symptomatic at 24 months. Conclusion: Our findings supported the salient role of trauma history as a risk factor for poor course in severe bipolar disorder. Given the high prevalence of such exposure, clinical awareness in first-admission psychotic bipolar patients is critical.
Predicting the Reactivity of Phenolic Compounds with Formaldehyde Under Basic Conditions: An Ab Initio Study

A method is needed to predict which compounds, from the many alternative phenolic compounds, might be best for making polymeric phenolic systems. Kinetic data for the reaction of a series of phenolic compounds with formaldehyde using a base catalysis are available in the literature. Semiempirical calculations, using RHF/PM3, and ab initio calculations, using RHF/6-31G, RHF/6-31+G, and B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p), were performed on the series of phenolic compounds to determine their relative reac- tivities. Atomic charges were determined for the phenolate anions. For each compound, I summed the absolute value of the calculated, negative charges residing on carbon atoms of the phenolic ring at which the HOMO was located and at which no substituent was present to cause steric interference with the reaction. The sum of the charges for each compound was then regressed against the log of the relative reaction rate for that compound. The sum of charges from PM3-based calculations gave poor correlation with reactivity. The sums of charges calculated by the CHelpG and Merz-Kollman/Singh methods at the ab initio levels of theory give excellent correlations with reactivity of the phenolics toward formaldehyde. Based on the calculated charges, estimates of the relative reactivity at each of the reactive sites on each of the phenolic compounds were determined. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 355-363, 2000
Seeing Themselves through the Lens of the Other: An Analysis of the Cross-Cultural Production and Negotiation of National Geographies “The Samurai Way” Story

More than any other publication, National Geographic magazine has taught Americans about the world around them. Recently, the magazine's view of the world has become more complex. Since 1995, the magazine has been producing editions published in languages other than English. This raises questions as to how international audiences negotiate these “glocalized” representations. By investigating how the National Geographic “The Samurai Way” story resonates with Japanese individuals, this study first addresses the cross-cultural reception of an American text not simply exported to another country, but an American text repackaged for a local foreign audience. It then returns to the process of production of the story in an effort to identify points of intersection and contradiction in the discourses emerging about the text from multiple positions.
The effect of an involution in\(\widetilde{K}^0 \) (ZG)

The involution in the Grothendieck group of the group ring of a finite cyclic group of prime order p, induced by the transition to the contragredient module is identical to complex conjugation followed by the automorphism x → x−1 in the ideal class group of the cyclotomic field of order p.
Cooperative middleware platform as a service for internet of things applications

The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in several business domains requires a well-defined and distributed infrastructure of system services that provides IoT device and data management and supports a proper application development. To address these issues we have developed COMPaaS, a web-based middleware platform to enable an easy and loosely coupled cooperation between applications and IoT devices, and also to facilitate the development of IoT applications. Some tests were performed to validate the middleware component of the platform and the results revealed that the middleware is able to process up to 1000 applications requests simultaneously and also notify the responses within an acceptable time for the applications. It indicates that not only the performance of the middleware is acceptable for IoT applications, but also that the cooperative approach imposed by the platform allows a satisfactory integration between the system modules and aggregates important value for the development of IoT applications.
She was setting a world's record, and we thought she was drowning, right Dad?

The assessment of the communication effectiveness of individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication techniques remains an important clinical and research activity. However, the tendency to use the performance of nondisabled speakers as the standard against which to compare the performance of persons using augmentative and alternative communication techniques must be evaluated carefully to assure that the resulting conclusions are accurate and sensitive to the purpose of the communicative behaviors under investigation.
Seismic moment, source dimensions, and stresses associated with earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East

Summary Seismic moment determinations for 72 events in the Mediterranean and Middle East during 1963–70 from Rayleigh-wave spectral amplitudes are presented. Apparent stress values for these events are in general low, ranging from 0.005 to 6 bar; these agree with the results of a previous study that much of the deformation in this region is taking place anelastically. Source dimensions for 15 events have been estimated from either surface faulting evidence or the size of relocated aftershock zones, and stress drop and total elastic energy release estimated and compared with apparent stress and the energy released in seismic radiation.
The force on an atom in a laser and D.C. Field

Abstract The deflection of an atom depends upon the coupling of the field to the internal motion of the atom. This internal motion can be profoundly altered by a laser field so the deflection can depend upon the laser intensity and frequency. The force that an atom experiences in a combined D.C. and laser field is reviewed. The fluorescence of the atom is shown to play an important role.
Adolescent Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: Associations with Perceived Parenting Practices

The present study examined the relation between adolescent and parent reports of parenting practices and adolescent grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Participants were 300 adolescents (257 males, 43 females) who were enrolled in a short-term residential program. Findings linked grandiose narcissism to adolescent reports of positive parenting practices and poor monitoring and supervision. Vulnerable narcissism was significantly positively correlated with inconsistent discipline and poor monitoring and supervision with inconsistent discipline predicting unique variance in adolescent vulnerable narcissism. The hypothesized interaction between positive reinforcement and poor monitoring and supervision in predicting grandiose narcissism was not supported. The implications of these findings as well as limitations and directions for further research on parenting and adolescent narcissism are discussed.
Current approaches to etiology and pathophysiology of specific phobia

Specific phobia is a common, heterogeneous disorder whose central feature is persistent, unreasonable fear of a circumscribed object or situation. This article reviews current etiological theories and empirical data that seem likely to be important in investigating the pathophysiology of this disorder. These include conditioning, modified conditioning, and nonassociative models of phobia development, physiological response to the phobic stimulus, neuroimaging, primate, and biological challenge studies. Pathophysiological hypotheses suggested by recent research on the neurocircuitry of conditioned fear are also discussed. Though specific phobias have been of less public health and clinical interest than other anxiety disorders, their circumscribed nature and possible relationship to conditioned fear may make them a productive subject for research into basic pathophysiology.
Generalized elastolysis (cutis laxa).

Abstract Generalized elastolysis is a rare and unique systemic disorder of connective tissue in which the elastic fibers suddenly become fragmented, disorganized and fewer in number with the resultant production of such entities as cutis laxa, emphysema, aortic aneurysms and bowel diverticula appearing in the organ system involved, that is, skin, lung, vasculature or gastrointestinal tract. Presented here are three cases that, illustrate the typical features of this condition. In addition, 14 more cases were retrieved from the literature and the information reviewed. Various etiologic factors relating to the synthesis and degradation of elastic tissue are discussed in light of recent findings in the biochemistry of connective tissue.
Design and demonstration of an optoelectronic lookup table using VCSEL-based logic

We have demonstrated an optoelectronic look-up table architecture using vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser- based logic. The system was implemented on a slotted plate understructure. An heterostructure photo-transistor-based optoelectronic XOR gate array was used to perform the necessary logic operations. The system's performance was satisfactory and based on the results we present here, we propose the design of a more compact version.