cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATIC FUNCTIONAL MODEL GENERATION FOR PARALLEL FAULT AND DESIGN ERROR SIMULATIONS

The domain specific automatic programming technique was applied to the design and implementation of an automatic functional model generation system (AFMG) for effectively and efficiently creating simulation models of digital systems. The application domain knowledge, involved in a time-consuming and error-prone process for element modeling, was identified, organized, and incorporated into the AFMG as internal rules to guide several transformation processes for converting various forms of model specification, step by step, into desired functional models. Other design issues, such as incomplete specification handling, different signal representations, multiple-valued model generation, interaction of algorithm and data structure selection, …etc., were also carefully addressed and resolved during the design process of the AFMG system. Experimental results show that AFMG can significantly reduce the development time of creating functional models for digital logic simulation.
Microarray analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons in a mouse model of tauopathy reveals progressive synaptic dysfunction.

Abstract The hTau mouse model of tauopathy was utilized to assess gene expression changes in vulnerable hippocampal CA1 neurons. CA1 pyramidal neurons were microaspirated via laser capture microdissection followed by RNA amplification in combination with custom-designed microarray analysis and qPCR validation in hTau mice and nontransgenic (ntg) littermates aged 11–14 months. Statistical analysis revealed ~ 8% of all the genes on the array platform were dysregulated, with notable downregulation of several synaptic-related markers including synaptophysin (Syp), synaptojanin, and synaptobrevin, among others. Downregulation was also observed for select glutamate receptors (GluRs), Psd-95, TrkB, and several protein phosphatase subunits. In contrast, upregulation of tau isoforms and a calpain subunit were found. Microarray assessment of synaptic-related markers in a separate cohort of hTau mice at 7–8 months of age indicated only a few alterations compared to the 11–14 month cohort, suggesting progressive synaptic dysfunction occurs as tau accumulates in CA1 pyramidal neurons. An assessment of SYP and PSD-95 expression was performed in the hippocampal CA1 sector of hTau and ntg mice via confocal laser scanning microscopy along with hippocampal immunoblot analysis for protein-based validation of selected microarray observations. Results indicate significant decreases in SYP-immunoreactive and PSD-95-immunoreactive puncta as well as downregulation of SYP-immunoreactive and PSD-95-immunoreactive band intensity in hTau mice compared to age-matched ntg littermates. In summary, the high prevalence of downregulation of synaptic-related genes indicates that the moderately aged hTau mouse may be a model of tau-induced synaptodegeneration, and has profound effects on how we perceive progressive tau pathology affecting synaptic transmission in AD.
Relaxatory responses of canine proximal stomach to esophageal and duodenal distension. Importance of vagal pathways.

The viscerovisceral reflex control of gastric tone remains poorly characterized. We have previously demonstrated physiological variations in gastric tone that occur during fasting and after feeding. These variations are neurally regulated. We have now compared the reflex mechanisms modulating gastric tone that are elicited by esophageal or duodenal distension in fasted, conscious dogs. To determine the pathways involved in these reflexes, we combined the technique of vagal blockade (by cooling the supradiaphragmatic vagi isolated within a surgically implanted cooling jacket) with the administration of autonomic drugs. Gastric tone was measured as the air volume within an intragastric bag maintained at a constant, low pressure by an electronic barostat. Standardized distensions were performed by means of an inflatable balloon-catheter positioned either in the mid-esophagus (in three dogs) or in the distal duodenum (in three dogs). A profound and consistent gastric relaxation was induced by distension of either the esophagus (247 ±21 ml Δvolume, P<0.05) or the duodenum (238±29 ml, P<0.05). Supradiaphragmatic vagal cooling abolished the gastric relaxatory response to duodenal distension and significantly reduced, but did not completely suppress, the response to esophageal distension. Neither cholinergic stimulation (intravenous bethanechol) nor adrenergic blockade (combined intravenous phentolamine and propranolol) had any significant effect on either gastric relaxatory response. Combined adrenergic and cholinergic (intravenous atropine) blockade induced gastric relaxation, but failed to suppress the gastric responses. We conclude that both esophageal and duodenal distension elicit gastric relaxation by a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic vagal mechanism.
Plasma, serum, and platelet expression of CD40 ligand in adults with cardiovascular disease.

The application of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) as a biomarker has garnered great scientific and clinical interest. However, there are many uncertainties with regard to the biology of sCD40L. Although presumed to be a marker of platelet activation, relative levels in plasma, serum, and platelet expression are unknown, as is the optimal method for its measurement. We measured CD40L from serum, platelet-poor plasma, and platelet surface in adults who had stable cardiovascular disease (CVD) and those who had unstable CVD (n = 40). Plasma sCD40L did not differ significantly between groups. Serum sCD40L was significantly lower (1.4 ± 1.3 vs 5.2 ± 3.7 ng/ml, p
Cost-containment strategies for the diagnostic microbiology laboratory

Abstract The goal of any cost-containment program should be to minimize operational expenses without reducing the quality of patient care. At present, microbiology is essentially a manual function; therefore, increases in specimen load and additional work per specimen lead to increased operating costs. Effective strategies are those that improve the efficiency of the laboratory by supplying only relevant information as quickly as possible and limit tests to those that impact directly on patient management. Educational effort to alter the ordering behavior of physicians should be instituted, but regulatory measures must be in place that permit the laboratory director to restrict excessive or inappropriate testing.
Theory of the electromagnetic field about an antenna, according to the gap model

The far zone field about an antenna of revolution is worked out according to the gap model. It is found to be the sum of three parts,E 1,E 2 andE 3. The termE 1 depends on the electric field in the gap, but not explicitly on the antenna current. The termsE 2 andE 3 depend explicitly on the antenna current,E 2 being non-vanishing only if the antenna radius is variable, so that only the ends contribute to it in the case of a thick cylindrical antenna. The termE 3 reduces to the conventional expression for a line antenna when the antenna is sufficiently thin.
Choosing to Teach in Urban Schools Among Graduates of Elite Colleges

According to the research literature, there are three reasons that draw teachers into teaching: (1) gender-related reasons, (2) altruistic reasons, and (3) monetary rewards and job flexibility. Based on data from three teacher preparation programs, this article argues that teachers who were trained at elite colleges and who chose teaching in urban schools rarely referred to any of the three reasons. Instead, these teachers tend to (a) conceptualize teaching around issues of social justice and social change, arguing they joined teaching to improve society, and (b) seek leadership positions in urban education. Using Bourdieu’s concepts of field and capital, these arguments are theorized and hypotheses for further research are developed.
On attempting selective blockade of dorsal root C fibers in the treatment of chronic pain problems

Abstract Twelve patients with intractable pain due to metastatic cancer were treated with either one or two subarachnoid infusions of sterile distilled water. All patients experienced some pain relief lasting from 9 to 90 days. Clinical testing of six patients suggested that dorsal root C fibers may have been preferentially blocked by the infusions, as would be predicted from previous animal experiments.
Crystallization kinetics of PPS composites and quantification of fiber nucleation density using a computer simulation

Differential scanning calorimetry and hot-stage optical microscopy were used to study the isothermal crystallization kinetics of unreinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and PPS reinforced with aramid, carbon, and glass fibers. The influence that fibers have on the crystallization kinetics of PPS was found to depend on the characteristics of the fiber as well as the type of PPS used. For one kind of PPS, fibers enhanced the crystallization rate, while for another type of PPS, reinforcing fibers had a moderate depressing effect on the polymer crystallization rate. To clarify these effects, we used a new method of quantifying the nucleation process in fiber-reinforced composites that employs a 3-D computer simulation of spherulitic crystallization. Using this method, the nucleation density in the bulk polymer, N b , and the nucleation density on fiber surfaces, N f , were calculated for PPS composites as a function of crystallization temperature. The calculated values of N b and N f were used to explain differences in the effectiveness of the fibers as well as differences in the nucleating characteristics of the two polymers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Some relationships between water vapor permeability and chemical/physical structure in rigid urethane foams

Low density rigid foams, reaction products of polyether polyols with tolylene diisocyanate, may transmit moisture vapor at rates from 0.3 to more than 8 perm-inches at 23°C. Analysis of experimental data provided conservative design correlations showing that rate constants could be predicted only when a foam's polymer composition and physical structure were considered jointly. Among commercially acceptable rigid foam systems, cell structure and polymer aromaticity dominated the control of permeability levels. Permeabilities were lowest when transfer was directed perpendicular to the rise of highly orthotropic closed-cell foams based on aromatic polyols of low equivalent weight. Permeabilities increased with effective cell diameter and also as foam density and closed-cell content were reduced.
Optimal system design: towards new interpretation of shadow prices in linear programming

Abstract We start with the concept of an optimally designed product-mix system and formulate the corresponding duality theory. We show that although the system is degenerate, the optimality of design “overcomes” its own degeneracy and allows unique valuation of all resources. This valuation rests on the reinterpretation of the shadow prices in optimally designed systems: it requires separating the resourcevaluation function of a dual variable from its resource-pricing function.
Art: Futures of the past

Abstract This essay makes a demand: it calls for a divorce between art and culture in order to reaffirm a future for art. It asks whether in a scenario in which political culture has surrendered to cultural politics, can art reaffirm and reconfigure itself as a site of exuberance, wonder, vitality, affect, memory and learning, and create a place of ethical and critical resistance?
Mentoring Experiences of Women City Managers: Are Women Disadvantaged?

Recent research has explored differences in the experiences of women and men public officials. Overlooked in these examinations is the position of city manager—a significant position in terms of local administration and policy development. Current figures indicate that women are underrepresented in the field of city management when compared with their peers in the private sector and federal and state administration—women hold only 11% of city manager positions. In trying to explain women’s apparent underrepresentation, the authors explore the importance of mentoring in the public sector using data gathered from a nationwide study of women and men city managers. Their data suggest that mentoring in the city management profession is characterized by factors that appear to work against women. These factors, which include a vacuum of professional mentoring opportunities, may help explain the slow inclusion of women into the field of city management.
The treatment of race in picture books for young children

Never being fully able to be myself, I had slowly learned that the South could recognize but a part of a man, could accept but a fragment of his personality, and all the rest—the best and deepest things of heart and mind—were tossed away in blind ignorance and hate.
Frequency and latency measures of the generalization of punishment

Punishment of rats was programmed to one of five click stimuli varying in repetition rate while a VI schedule was in effect to all stimuli. Gradients of median response latency, failures to respond, overall rate, and corrected rate with latency subtracted were compared for the last nine sessions. The different measures were highly correlated.
Chronic alcohol consumption decreases the percentage and number of NK cells in the peripheral lymph nodes and exacerbates B16BL6 melanoma metastasis into the draining lymph nodes.

NK cells in the lymph nodes play important roles in inhibiting tumor metastasis into draining lymph nodes. Previously, we reported that chronic alcohol consumption interferes with NK cell trafficking from the bone marrow to the spleen. Herein, we found that alcohol consumption decreases the numbers of NK cells in lymph nodes. Adoptive transfer experiments indicated that continued exposure of donor splenocytes to alcohol inhibits NK but not T cell trafficking to lymph nodes. Alcohol did not negatively affect CCR7+ and CXCR3+ NK cells, but decreased the percentage and number of CD62L+ NK cells in the spleen, which are an important source of NK cell trafficking into the lymph nodes. These data suggest that modulation of the microenvironment associated with alcohol consumption impairs the trafficking of NK cells to lymph nodes. The decreased number of NK cells in the lymph nodes was associated with increased melanoma metastasis into the draining lymph nodes.
Loss of Notch1 disrupts the barrier repair in the corneal epithelium.

The corneal epithelium is the outermost layer of the cornea that directly faces the outside environment, hence it plays a critical barrier function. Previously, conditional loss of Notch1 on the ocular surface was found to cause inflammation and keratinization of the corneal epithelium. This was in part attributed to impaired vitamin A metabolism, loss of the meibomian glands and recurrent eyelid trauma. We hypothesized that Notch1 plays an essential role in the corneal epithelial barrier function and is a contributing factor in the pathologic changes in these mice. Notch1 was conditionally deleted in adult Notch1flox/flox, K14-Cre-ERT+/- mice using hydroxy-tamoxifen. The results indicated that conditional deletion of Notch1 on the ocular surface leads to progressive impairment of the epithelial barrier function before the onset of corneal opacification and keratinization. Loss of the barrier was demonstrated both by an increase in in vivo corneal fluorescein staining and by enhanced penetration of a small molecule through the epithelium. Corneal epithelial wounding resulted in significant delay in recovery of the barrier function in conditional Notch1-/- mice compared to wild type. Mice with conditional deletion of Notch1 did not demonstrate any evidence of dry eyes based on aqueous tear production and had normal conjunctival goblet cells. In a calcium switch experiment in vitro, Notch1-/- cells demonstrated delayed membrane localization of the tight junction protein ZO-1 consistent with a defect in the epithelial tight junction formation. These findings highlight the role of Notch1 in epithelial differentiation and suggest that intrinsic defects in the corneal epithelial barrier recovery after wounding is an important contributing factor to the development of inflammatory keratinization in Notch1-/- mice.
A performance and economic evaluation of annual cycle energy storage (ACES)

Abstract The performance of a residential annual energy storage scheme utilizing ice storage and a three-coil heat pump is evaluated for a range of climates and storage sizes. Comparisons are made with conventional electric resistance heat with central air conditioning or an electric air-to-air heat pump. Economic evaluations are made with payback and with present value life-cycle costing. Annual energy storage is found to be uneconomical.
Climatic/edaphic controls on soil carbon/nitrogen response to shrub encroachment in desert grassland

The proliferation of woody plants in grasslands over the past 100+ years can alter carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles and influence land surface-atmosphere interactions. Although the majority of organic carbon in these ecosystems resides belowground, there is no consensus on how this change in land cover has affected soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) pools. The degree to which duration of woody plant occupation, climate, and edaphic conditions have mediated SOC and TN responses to changes in life-form composition are poorly understood. We addressed these issues at a desert grassland site in Arizona, USA, where the leguminous shrub velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina) has proliferated along an elevation/precipitation/temperature gradient and on contrasting soil morphologic surfaces. On sandy loam complexes of mid-Holocene origin, mean SOC and TN of soils in the grassland matrix increased approximately 68% and approximately 45%, respectively, with increasing elevation. Soil organic carbon pools were comparable and TN pools were approximately 23% higher in Pleistocene-aged clay loam complexes co-occurring with Holocene-aged soils at the upper elevation/climatic zone. Across the site, belowground resources associated with large Prosopis plants were 21-154% (SOC) and 18-127% (TN) higher than those in the grassy matrix. The variance in SOC and TN pools accounted for by Prosopis stem size (a rough surrogate for time of site occupation) was highest at the low- and mid-elevation sites (69-74%) and lowest at the upper elevation site (32-38%). Soil delta15N values ranged from 5.5 per thousand to 6.7 per thousand across the soil/elevation zones but were comparable in herbaceous and shrub-impacted soils and exhibited a weak relationship with Prosopis basal stem diameter (r2 < 0.1) and TN (r2 < 0.08). The SOC delta13C values decreased linearly with increasing Prosopis basal diameter, suggesting that size and isotopic composition of the SOC pool is a function of time of Prosopis site occupation. Isotopic mixture models indicate that encroachment of C3 woody plants has also promoted SOC additions from C4 plant sources, indicative of long-term herbaceous facilitation. Grassy sites in contrasting soil/elevation combinations, initially highly distinctive in their SOC pool size and delta13C, appear to be converging on similar values following approximately 100 years of woody plant proliferation.
Performance of inbred lines and line crosses of Holsteins for body growth.

Abstract Estimates of the effects of inbreeding and outbreeding in dairy cattle were made in an experiment designed specifically to study these effects in a population in which no artificial selection was practiced. The basic groups in this study were 6 unrelated lines of Holstein cattle; each line was based on a foundation stock of 1 sire, 1 or 2 inbred sons and 20 noninbred daughters. Animals were mated within each line and between lines to produce inbred and “outbred” progeny, respectively. Further outbreeding was conducted by crossing the inbred animals from different lines to produce 2-, 3-, and 4-line crosses. Only a fraction of the total posssible crosses was made. Significant (P
Picosecond dynamics of conformation changes in malachite green dye produced by photoionization of malachite green leucocyanide

Abstract The appearance of malachite green dye absorption following photoionization of malachite green leucocyanide has been examined using picosecond flash photolysis. The rate of absorption increase depends upon solvent viscosity and exhibits a two-step behavior in viscous glycerol solutions.
Guard flow-enhanced organic vapor jet printing of photovoltaic donor materials in air

We demonstrate the ability to rapidly deposit (local deposition rates well exceeding 1000 A/s) in air a small molecular electron donor material boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) for use in photovoltaic devices. The method employs a highly collimated jet of hot nitrogen gas carrying organic vapor toward a substrate, on which the organic molecules condense. A secondary jet of nitrogen coaxially surrounds the primary jet, shielding the organic vapor from the atmosphere. We study how the guard flow rate affects the printed film morphology and the resulting device properties. Notably, the crystallinity of the donor film can be increased while lowering the thin-film roughness, enhancing short circuit photocurrent nearly twofold over films printed without guard flow, allowing the photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of planar heterojunction SubPc/C60 cells to exceed 2% with SubPc deposited at ambient conditions.
Effects of CS concentration on long-delay taste aversion learning in preweanling and adult rats

The effect of sucrose solution (CS) concentration on toxiphobia conditioning under both immediate and long-delay CS—US intervals was investigated in preweanlings (18-day-old) and adult (60- to 80-day-old) rats. The main effect of delay interacted with age. With the immediate CS-US interval aversions by preweanlings and adults were equivalent but at the 1-hr delay performance was significantly poorer for the preweanlings. The effect of CS concentration among the immediate and 1-hr CS—US delay groups also depended upon the animal's age. Among adults, the more concentrated the CS the poorer the taste aversion. Floor effect at the short delays, however, may have produced this effect. When a 3-hr CS—US delay was employed, the more concentrated the CS, the better the aversion. Among infants, a U-shaped function best fit the data with the intermediate concentration producing the weakest taste aversion. These findings are discussed in terms of associative and nonassociative processes involved in long-delay learning.
Ultrasonic cure and temperature monitoring of photoresist during the pre-exposure bake process

ABSTRACT A system of in situ ultrasonic sensors has been developed that can be used to monitor the photoresist prebakeprocess. A high frequency phase measurement monitors the resist film properties while a lower frequency time offlight measurement monitors the corresponding wafer temperature. The high frequency measurement involvescalculating the phase of an ultrasound signal as it is reflected from the silicon/photoresist interface. As the photoresistfilm changes in thickness and viscoelastic properties, the phase of the reflected signal will change. In this way, it ispossible to follow how the photoresist film changes as it bakes; the solvent evaporates from the resist, decreasing thethickness and increasing the density. Results indicate that there is a phase minimum at a repeatable temperature,believed to be the softening or glass transition temperature (Tg). The lower frequency (200kHz) time of flightmeasurement employs PZT-5H piezoelectric transducers bonded to a quartz buffer rod. The transducer generates aLamb wave in the wafer which is then detected at another location by an identical transducer. The time of flight of theLamb wave through the wafer depends linearly on temperature. Using these two sensors, we can measure the wafertemperature and the photoresist properties during prebake; providing us with the information necessary for in situprocess control.Keywords: Photoresist, prebake, ultrasonic sensor, temperature, Lamb wave, time of flight, process monitoring,semiconductor manufacturing.
Momentum representation of Coulomb wave functions and level shifts in bottomonium due to charm effects

Since effective potentials derived from Feynman diagrams are naturally given in momentum space, we formulate the non-relativistic Coulomb problem entirely in momentum representation. We give momentum wave functions for all quantum numbers in one-dimensional integrals, even though they can be evaluated. Angular momentum decomposed Green's functions are then compactly represented. We apply this formalism to investigate the next to next leading order charm effects on 1S bottomonium level shift. Our one insertion results are given completely in analytic form and numerically agree with previous results. Our two insertion results are also in agreement. The net effect of finite charm mass is to decrease the bottom mass by 33 MeV, as determined through the measured 1S energy.
Statistical analysis of rock mass fracturing

Over the past 10 years considerable empirical work has been reported on the stochastic description of rock mass fracturing, and on the statistical design of joint surveys. This has led to consistent conclusions on the distributional properties of such discontinuities, and is beginning to lead to improved survey designs. Two of the strongest conclusions appear to be the exponentiality of the distribution of spacings between discontinuities when measured by their intersections with sampling lines, and the lognormality of discontinuity trace lengths as observed in outcrops. Consistent conclusions on the form of orientation distributions appear more elusive. Sampling biases in joint surveys now seem more pervasive than was earlier thought. In addition to the well-known orientation bias in sampling from two-dimensional outcrops, proportional length bias in which larger discontinuities are sampled with increased probability, and censoring biases in which larger discontinuities are often only partially observed, complicate statistical inferences. These results are reviewed against a recent study involving some 15,000 data.
Reorganizing the Cosmology: The Reinterpretation of Deities and Religious Practice by Protestants in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Converted by Salvation Army missionaries in the 1920s, Tobaku people in western Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, have made Protestantism indigenous by re-classifying deities and interpreting biblical texts and teachings to support local political, moral, and spiritual expectations. This article discusses twentieth-century changes in deity concepts and ritual practice among the Tobaku.
Treatment of Uveitis by Oral Administration of Retinal Antigens: Results of a Phase I/II Randomized Masked Trial

Purpose To evaluate the effect and safety of the oral administration of retinal antigens as a treatment of ocular inflammation. Methods In a phase I/II randomized masked trial, patients with endogenous uveitis who were dependent on immunosuppressive agents were randomly assigned to receive either retinal S antigen alone (10 patients), retinal S antigen and a mixture of soluble retinal antigens (10 patients), a mixture of soluble retinal antigens alone (10 patients), or placebo (15 patients). An attempt was then made to taper patients completely off their standard immunosuppressive therapy over an 8-week period. The primary study endpoint was time to ocular inflammatory attack. The secondary study endpoint was the ability to taper patients completely off their immunosuppressive or cytotoxic medication within 8 weeks. Results Time to development of the main study endpoint was not statistically significantly different for any of the four treatment groups. However, the group receiving the purified S antigen alone appeared to be tapered off their immunosuppressive medication more successfully compared with patients given placebo ( P = .08), whereas all the other groups appeared to do worse than did those receiving placebo. No toxic effects attributable to any treatment were observed. Conclusions This phase I/II study is the first to test the use of orally administered S antigen in the treatment of uveitis. Although not statistically significant, patients given S antigen were more likely to be tapered off their chronically administered systemic immunosuppressive therapy than were the other groups tested.
Effects of the pacing site, procainamide, and lead configuration on the relationship between the upper limit of vulnerability and the defibrillation threshold.

FAN, W., et.al.: Effects of the Pacing Site, Procainamide, and the Lead Configuration on the Relationship Between the Upper Limit of Vulnerability and the Defibrillation Threshold. In six open chest dogs, we determined the upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) and defibrillation threshold (DFT) by an up-down algorithm when the pacing site was at the right atrium, at the left ventricular apex, and at the left ventricular base. Monophasic shocks (6 ms) were given to epicardial patches at 20 and 40 ms before the peak of the T wave to bracket the mid-upslope. In an additional six closed-chest dogs, we determined the ULV and the DFT with transvenous leads with an 8-ms biphasic waveform. The S1 pacing site was at the right ventricular apex and the right atrium, and the shocks were given at 20 ms and 40 ms before the peak of the T wave, and on the peak of T wave. The same test was repeated after intravenous procainamide infusion (20 mg/Kg loading, then 2 mg/min maintenance). In the first six dogs, the ULV determined when pacing was given to the left ventricular apex, the left ventricular base, and the right atrium was 4.2 ± 1.7 J, 4.4 ± 2.1 J, and 3.9 ± 1.5 J, respectively; values that were not significantly different from the DFT of 4.8 ± 1.9 J, 4.5 ± 1.9 J, and 4.2 ± 1.3 J, respectively. In the latter six dogs, the ULV versus the DFT was 13.5 ± 5.2 J versus 18.2 ± 6.2 J (right ventricular apex) and 12.8 ± 6.0 J versus 15.4 ± 6.0 J (right atrium) at baseline; 14.6 ± 4.6 J versus 19.5 ± 6.7 J (right ventricular apex) and 14.3 ± 5.5 J versus 18.7 ± 6.4 J (right atrium) during procainamide infusion (P = NS for all). We conclude that, when tested with 2–3 shocks on or before the peak of the T wave, the ULV can be used to estimate the DFT with both epicardial patch and transvenous lead configurations. Different S1 pacing sites and procainamide did not change the relationship between the ULV and the DFT.
Bidirectional ECG Monitoring with an Event Detection Policy Engine

As the population ages and the risk of chronic disease increases, the cost of healthcare will rise. Technology for mobile telemetry could reduce cost and improve the efficiency of treatment. In order to achieve these goals, we first need to overcome several technical challenges. We present a Mobile Biotelemetric System (MBS) that addresses these remote medical monitoring challenges. MBS comprises a custom low-power sensor node that accurately collects and analyzes electrocardiogram (ECG) data, a client service with a multifaceted policy engine that evaluates the data, and a web portal interface for visualizing ECG data streams. MBS differs from other remote monitoring systems primarily in the policy engine's ability to provide flexible, robust, and precise system communication end-to-end and to enable tradeoffs in metrics such as power and transmission frequency. We show that, given a representative set of ECG signals, policies can be set to make the operation of the hardware and software resilient against transient ECG conditions for both security and monitoring purposes. We demonstrate that our system adaptively trades off system-level metrics based on a combination of operating conditions and user input, and that our heartbeat detection algorithm performs well for challenging ECG input.
Neonatal Diabetes Insipidus Associated with Optic Atrophy, Cerebral Atrophy and Gastroschisis

Congenital diabetes insipidus has not previously been reported in association with gastroschisis and its' associated anomalies. This is an unusual case of an in utero cerebral vascular accident causing diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy and left cerebral hemisphere atrophy. A 36 week gestation infant with a birth-weight of 2.7 Kg. was noted to have herniation of the abdominal wall exposing intestinal contents at birth requiring surgery in the first hours of life. On the 10th post-operative day diabetes insipidus was noted. Serum sodium was 160 mEq/L, serum osmolality was 312, urine osmolality = 83. Aqueous pitressin was administered I.M. resulting in brisk response. The management of a diabetes insipidus in this infant was easier to control with dilute intra-nasal desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) as compared to pitressin tannate in oil injections. TSH, growth hormone and metyrapone-pituitary adrenal axis studies were normal. CAT-scan of the head revealed left cerebral atrophy resulting from a vascular accident. In conclusion, this case represents an in utero cerebral vascular accident causing diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy and left cerebral atrophy associated with gastroschisis. Recent evidence shows gastroschisis to represent an in utero vascular accident to the abdominal wall musculature.
Advances in CCD Technology

A review of the present level of CCD technology is presented. Areas in which solid state imaging arrays have become dominant are described. Future areas of application will also be covered.
Λp interactions in momentum range 300 to 1500 MeV/c☆

Abstract A sample of approximately 250 Λp interactions has been obtained in the Λ-hyperon momentum range of about 300 to 500 MeV/c. An enhanced Λ-hyperon production rate was obtained by exposing an internally-mounted platinum target to the incident 1.5 GeV/c meson beam. Cross sections and angular distributions are obtained for the reactions: Λp → Λp, Λp → Σop and Λp → Λpπo. In the elastic channel, no strong evidence is seen near the Σop threshold for the presence of a 3S1 resonance, which has been reported, although there is some evidence for a small enhancement in this mass region. There is evidence for the presence of P-waves and probably also D-waves above about 800 MeV/c, but not below this momentum.
EVALUATION OF APICAL SUBTYPE OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY USING CARDIAC MRI WITH GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT

Cardiac MRI (CMR) is emerging as a valuable imaging modality in the accurate diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). CMR is better suited for studying the apical form of HCM due to difficulty imaging the cardiac apex with standard echocardiography. We
Antibodies against the aliphatic succinyl group: Presence of tyrosine and a positive charge in the specific combining site☆

Abstract Antibodies against the aliphatic succinyl group (anti-S1) were found to have tyrosyl residues in their specific combining sites, as shown by loss of binding activity and decrease of measured binding sites per mole protein, following iodination of the protein. The sites could be protected from this effect of iodination when occupied by hapten during the iodination procedure, indicating the tyrosyl residues affected are indeed contact residues. Acetylation of protein hydroxyl groups with acetylimidazole also caused loss of anti-S1 sites, which could be protected by hapten and reversed by removal of O-acetyl groups with NH 2 OH, providing evidence for the presence of tyrosyl hydroxyl groups in anti-S1 sites. The presence of a positive charge in anti-S1 sites was indicated by the finding that 0.5 M inorganic anions effectively compete for the binding of specific hapten and by the failure of cations to do so.
The Industry-focused International Strategy: prevalence and profile.

Many firms facing low-cost international competition can reposition into niches. This study examines one such niche: industry-focused international firms, defined as companies that produce, sell, and expand internationally within one industry. Analysis of the global pharmaceutical industry finds a group comprising of about 20 % of the firms that pursue this strategy. This strategy is distributed internationally, but not uniformly. It is relatively more prevalent among firms based in emerging countries compared to industrialized nations. These firms invest in R&D in order to create deep specialized expertise that they exploit internationally.
Thermodynamic assessment of orientationally disordered organic molecular crystals: Ternary system pentaerythritol–neopentylglycol–2-amino-2methyl-1,3, propanediol (PE–NPG–AMPL)

Organic crystals such as pentaerythritol [PE-C(CH2OH)4], neopentylglycol [NPG-(CH3)2C(CH2OH)2] and 2-amino-2methyl-1,3,propanediol [AMPL-(HOCH2)2C(NH2)CH3] store a large amount of thermal energy in their solid state high temperature phases with orientational disorder. There are very few pure compounds of these polyalcohol and amine family that are commercially available exhibiting these properties, leading to limited choices of energy storage materials. Binary and ternary solid solutions allow a wider selection of materials with different phase transition temperature, heat content, and compositions for practical applications. Thermodynamic calculations of the PE–NPG–AMPL system are presented that provide critical thermodynamic data for energy storage systems. Substitutional solution model is used for optimization of interaction parameters. Activities of binaries, ternary isotherms of PE–NPG–AMPL at various temperatures, and pseudo-binary isopleth are presented.
On the construction of a dynamical system from a preassigned family of solutions

Abstract This article deals with the determination of the forces in a dynamical system, when the general form of the solution is given. This makes it possible to construct a system with a predetermined type of behavior. It is shown that the problem generally requires the solution of a partial differential equation. The method of constraints and Lagrange multipliers is used to derive this equation. The relation with some older results (Dainelli's formulas) is shown. As an illustration of the application of the method, the partial differential equation is solved for a family of potentials that result in oscillatory motions on a parabolic curve. A simple integrable system is first constructed, generalizing free-fall motion on a parabolic path. A more complex solution of the partial differential equation is then used to construct a fairly complex dynamical system with 2 degrees-of-freedom. This system has been studied in some detail with numerical methods. In particular, the periodic oscillations of the system are classified and their characteristic exponents and bifurcations are studied.
The internet and unrefereed scholarly publishing

L'A. examine les complexites de la mise en place d'un modele de communication scientifique via les e-scripts (versions electroniques d'articles de recherche) non soumis au processus d'evaluation interpair, tout en explorant la recherche relative aux pratiques d'edition d'e-scripts. Il rappelle dans un premier temps le concept de communication scientifique ou savante et le role des publications prealables dans le processus, avant de decrire le developpement de differents modeles d'edition et de circulation d'e-scripts non revus dans divers domaines de recherche. L'avenir devrait voir se developper les depots d'e-scripts.
Expectation-outcome consistency and hindsight bias

Abstract Hindsight bias has been found in a wide variety of contexts and proven robust to most attempts at its moderation or elimination. In this paper we identify expectation-outcome consistency as an important moderator of the degree of hindsight bias. Based on Weick's concept of retrospective sense-making and Fischhoff's immediate assimilation explanation, we hypothesize that hindsight bias will be larger when outcomes are inconsistent with expectations than when they are consistent. In two experiments a total of 308 subjects evaluated the decisions of employees by estimating the likelihood of a good outcome. Results show hindsight bias to be significantly larger when outcomes are inconsistent with expectations based on either employees' performance history, employees' current action, or both. In some cases where expectations are confirmed, bias is even eliminated. Further, the bias is significantly larger for negative than for positive outcomes, and there is a “disappointment effect” in which the greatest bias occurs when high expectations are disconfirmed by a negative outcome. Implications for future research and for the process of evaluating other people are discussed.
Nonunilineal Descent and Contextual Definition of Status: The Kwaio Evidence1

Despite a decade of concerted attention to nonunilineal descent systems, we are still far from understanding how the problems they pose on paper are resolved on the ground. Here I will present new evidence from the Kwaio of Malaita, British Solomon Islands, a people still strikingly conservative, largely pagan, and cut off from direct European influence, in an island Pacific increasingly pervaded by bicycles and transistor radios. The Kwaio descent system has changed relatively little, and it manifests the features central to debate about nonunilineal descent. The Kwaio evidence on these questions may well have implications reaching beyond the bounds of this debate.2 In nonunilineal or ramage systems, assignment to descent groups is not exclusively through patrilineal or matrilineal links. A crucial question for such a system is whether a man can belong to both his father's and mother's descent groups. If the answer is yes, then how can discrete, corporate groups be formed? Father and mother themselves, through such processes, may each belong to two or more groups; and descent groups could then be little more than overlapping cognatic stocks. If, in such a sysstem, a person can belong to only father's or mother's group, but not both, how is affiliation determined in each generation? Characteristically, in Oceanic ramage systems, the answer lies somewhere in between: membership is neither invariably exclusive and singular, nor is it freely extended and multiple. And in dealing with this middle ground, neither our theories nor the data for most such societies have proven adequate. Here I will argue that many of the problems posed on paper by nonunilineal descent and multiple memberships are resolved by the contextual definition of status: that is, a descent-group membership need not involve "the whole man," and it is neither formally nor pragmatically impossible to maintain and express membership in two or more descent groups. Let me summarize the Kwaio evidence for such an
Role of a 35 kDa fos-related antigen (FRA) in the long-term induction of striatal dynorphin expression in the 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat

Abstract D1 dopamine (DA) receptor agonists induce the expression of the opioid peptide dynorphin (DYN) in the striatum, an effect accentuated several fold by removing the dopaminergic innervation to the striatum (e.g., by lesioning the DA cell bodies in the substantia nigra [SN]). D1 receptor-mediated effects are thought to involve cAMP and/or phosphoinositides as second messengers. However, it is unclear what third messengers are involved in the regulation of DYN expression. The present experiments evaluated the possible role of two families of immediate-early gene (IEG) proteins, Fos and Jun, in the induction of DYN biosynthesis following repeated treatment with DA agonists. In addition, the role of N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors in modulating DA-induced changes in DYN and IEG protein expression was assessed. Adult male rats received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or sham lesions of the SN. Following a recovery period, animals were injected twice daily with the DA agonist, apomorphine (APO; 5 mg/kg), for 4 or 7 days. As expected, APO induced DYN biosynthesis, at both the peptide and mRNA level, several fold more in the striatum ipsilateral to the 6-OHDA lesion than in the contralateral control side (or a sham lesioned striatum). These effects appeared to be mediated by D1 receptors since the D1 agonist, SKF 38393 (5 mg/kg), caused the same changes in DYN expression as APO whereas a D2 agonist, quinpirole (1 mg/kg), had no effect. Paralleling the increase in DYN expression, APO also induced the expression of c-Fos and Fos-related antigens (FRA's), in particular a 35 kDa FRA, but had no effect on the expression of various Jun-related IEG proteins (i.e., c-Jun, Jun B, Jun D). Consistent with the notion that Fos and FRA proteins alter transcriptional activity by binding to AP-1 (or AP-1-like) DNA sequences in the promoter regions of target genes, we found that repeated APO treatment caused large increases in AP-1 binding activity in striata ipsilateral to 6-OHDA lesions. These data indicate that repeated activation of D1 receptors increases both the expression of a 35 kDa FRA and AP-1 binding, events which may mediate the large increases in DYN expression in the DA denervated striatum. While co-administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, inhibited APO-induced increases in DYN and Fos/FRA expression in the intact striatum, its only effect in the DA-denervated striatum was a partial (35%) inhibition of the APO-induced increase in DYN-ir concentrations. While NMDA and D1 receptors may interact in regulating DYN expression in the intact striatum, our data suggest that this is not the case in the 6-OHDA lesioned animal.
Does Meeting the HEDIS Substance Abuse Treatment Engagement Criterion Predict Patient Outcomes

This study examines the patient-level associations between the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) substance use disorder (SUD) treatment engagement quality indicator and improvements in clinical outcomes. Administrative and survey data from 2,789 US Department of Veterans Affairs SUD patients were used to estimate the effects of meeting the HEDIS engagement criterion on improvements in Addiction Severity Index Alcohol, Drug, and Legal composite scores. Patients meeting the engagement indicator improved significantly more in all domains than patients who did not engage, and the relationship was stronger for alcohol and legal outcomes for patients seen in outpatient settings. The benefit accrued by those who engaged was statistically significant but clinically modest. These results add to the literature documenting the clinical benefits of treatment entry and engagement. Although these findings only indirectly support the use of the HEDIS engagement measure for its intended purpose—discriminating quality at the facility or system level—they confirm that the processes of care captured by the measure are associated with important patient outcomes.
Residue to binary conversion for RNS arithmetic using only modular look-up tables

A novel technique for converting from the residue digits in a residue number system (RNS) to weighted binary digits is proposed. This technique is an alternative to existing methods based on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and the mixed-radix conversion (MRC) algorithm. The proposed technique obtains the binary digits in a slice-by-slice fashion, directly from the residues. The primary advantage of the method is that this conversion technique can be implemented using only modular lookup tables. >