cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical spectra excited in high pressure noble gases by alpha impact

Abstract The atomic spectra observed in the pure noble gases are interpreted through the dominant processes of direct excitation by alpha and electron impact, trapping of vacuum ultraviolet resonance radiation, and excitation transfer effects resulting from two-body collisions with ground state atoms. The pressure dependence of helium line intensities may be explained with effective depletion cross sections that are in the order of 10−15 cm2. The absolute intensities emitted from helium are in approximate agreement with cross sections calculated from the Born approximation if allowance is made for these collision effects. The results indicate that the light emitted from atomic transitions in all of the noble gases in the range between 2400 and 5500 A represents a negligible fraction of the total excitation. No evidence was found for a recombination spectrum in any of the gases. The weak lines observed in pure helium and neon were identified as atomic transitions which are normally present in the discharge spectrum at low pressures. Two weak, unidentified lines of equal intensity were found in pure argon at 3083 ± 3 A and 3094 ± 3 A. In pure krypton and xenon, broad diatomic molecular bands were found to dominate the spectrum. The integrated photon counting rates for pure xenon, krypton, argon, neon, and helium were in the ratio 240:90:3:3:1 at 350 mm Hg. Nitrogen impurity bands dominated the spectra in most helium, neon, and argon samples used, and the sensitivity to nitrogen was in that order. First negative bands of N2+ were encountered in helium and neon, and the second positive bands of N2 were found in argon. It was concluded that the following nitrogen excitation mechanisms were dominant: charge exchange with the molecular ion, He2+, in the case of helium; collision with a high excited state, probably the 43P2 or 43P1, in the case of neon; collision with the 3P2 metastable level in the case of argon. The 0,0 N2+ band dominated the helium spectrum for less than one part N2 in 108 at 350 mm Hg. The results in NeN2 mixtures place an upper limit on the available energy from thermalized Ne2+ ions of 18.75 ev. The relative C3πu populations observed in the AN2 mixtures were approximately those which would be expected if the Franck-Condon principle were obeyed in the collision excitation from the nitrogen ground state. Only the second positive bands were observed in high pressure reagent grade nitrogen and the intensities were weaker than those found in the AN2 mixtures. Comparisons are given between calculated and measured relative transition probabilities for most of the nitrogen bands observed. The relation between this work, average energy per ion pair measurements, and gas scintillation counters is discussed.
Effect of dieldrin on the accumulation and biotransformation of radioactive testosterone by the mouse prostate gland.

Abstract The oral administration of varying dose (2.5 or 5 mg/kg daily × 10) of dieldrin led to significant reductions in the accumulation of radioactive androgen by the mouse prostate gland. This was reflected not only by a reduction in the total accumulation of tritiated steroid ([3H]T) by prostate gland, but also by a decrease in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone ([3H]DHT). The ratio of [3H]T to [3H]DHT remains, however, similar in treated and control groups. The doses of dieldrin used had little effect upon sex accessory organ weights or prostatic fructose concentration. Dieldrin administration failed to alter gonadal weights. There was no change in the hepatic formation of radioactive dihydrotestosterone, androstanediol or androstenedione from [1,2-3H]testosterone in the dieldrin-treated animals, but dieldrin did produce increases in liver androgen hydroxylase activity. While the amounts of dieldrin used in these studies were quite high, the results, nevertheless, indicate that this organochloride could represent a potential deleterious chemical from the standpoint of the male reproductive system.
Stimulus parameters and temporal evolution of the olfactory evoked potential in rats

Author(s): Evans, WJ; Starr, A | Abstract: Evoked potentials were recorded from olfactory bulb, piriform cortex and scalp in urethane anesthetized rats in response to brief odorant stimuli (amyl acetate, phenylethyl alcohol, eugenol) presented through a nasal cannula by means of a constant flow olfactometer. The effects of stimulus duration, nasal cannula position, flow rate, concentration and interstimulus interval were examined. The highest amplitude potentials were evoked by 10% amyl acetate at 20 ms duration, 1000 ml/min flow rate and a 60-s interstimulus interval with the stimulus delivered at the nares. Odorant evoked potentials from deep within the olfactory bulb consisted of a triphasic wave with major components at 60 ms (P60), 90 ms (N90) and 140 ms (P140) with the latter two reversing polarity close to the surface of the bulb. Potentials recorded from layer I of piriform cortex were of similar amplitude, but opposite in polarity to the deep olfactory bulb potentials. Recordings from the skin over the nose elicited waveforms of similar morphology to the deep olfactory bulb potentials, but one-quarter the amplitude and of opposite polarity The evoked potentials changed with repetitive stimulation The N90 component was not present initially and only appeared after several stimuli. The appearance of the N90 component depended on the integrity of the olfactory peduncle. Thus, olfactory evoked potentials to odorant stimuli reflect dynamic aspects of the encoding of olfactory information dependent on connections between olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. © 1992 Oxford University Press.
Pumping their Ego and Popping it Down: How Ingratiation Leads to Social Undermining by Top Managers

In this paper we explain how ingratiation, a fundamental social influence tactic, could ultimately trigger behavior which harms the influence target. While extant theory suggests how ingratiation e...
Rainbow Scattering by a Cylinder with a Nearly Elliptical Cross Section

We both theoretically and experimentally examine the behavior of the first- and the second-order rainbows produced by a normally illuminated glass rod, which has a nearly elliptical cross section, as it is rotated about its major axis. We decompose the measured rainbow angle, taken as a function of the rod's rotation angle, into a Fourier series and find that the rod's refractive index, average ellipticity, and deviation from ellipticity are encoded primarily in the m = 0, 2, 3 Fourier coefficients, respectively. We determine these parameters for our glass rod and, where possible, compare them with independent measurements. We find that the average ellipticity of the rod agrees well with direct measurements, but that the rod's diameter inferred from the spacing of the supernumeraries of the first-order rainbow is significantly larger than that obtained by direct measurement. We also determine the conditions under which the deviation of falling water droplets from an oblate spheroidal shape permits the first few supernumeraries of the second-order rainbow to be observed in a rain shower.
Photometric Analysis Of Automotive Accident Simulations

Paul J. Brown, Director, Safety Research Laboratory National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, D.C. 20591To improve highway safety, significant research is being conducted on new and improved automotive restraint systems by both Government and industry.To develop and evaluate restraint systems, impact sled testing using anthropomorphic dummies are used under simulated crash environments. Necessary changes to the dummies to improve their human fidelity are suggested by the measurement of the response of human volunteer subjects under similar impact conditions. One technique for measuring this response is the utilization of photometric analysis.In using this technique, there are a number of factors that contribute to the accuracy of the results. The distance of the object from the camera, optical distortion, scale factors and out- of-plane factors must be considered. On many laboratory sled installations, the distance of the camera to the object is limited by the physical plant. Short object distance suggests a wide angle lens. However, a wide angle lens distorts the field resulting in a scale factor varying from point-to- point. Possible solutions to the short distance problem might be a mirror system or detailed calibrations to develop factors between the observed and actual optical data.There are also errors associated with film reading. A typical viewer digitizer board will have an accuracy of ±0.005 inches and a resolution of 0.01 inch on the board surface. The operator error will be greater than the resolution of the digitizer and effectively masks the error of the equipment. To minimize these errors, one can use the greatest magnification of image possible in the digitizer. Another suggested method of the averaging of multiple readings of the points of interest.When one uses the data from film analysis to produce velocity and acceleration data, a number of additional problems surface. If the displace­ ments measured were small, the observer errors plus the optical system errors may be larger than the difference between the two data points being measured. Thus, the first derivative to obtain velocity data can be erratic with large spikes. Smoothing techniques can be used but a higher film speed is needed to improve the accuracy of the data. Another potential solution might be the use of accelerometers to measure acceleration versus time and by integration obtain velocity data. By differentiation of photometric data one can also obtain velocity data and compare the velocity data obtained by the two methods.The examples given are representative of the type of problems associated with the use of photo­ metric analysis in laboratory simulations of the crash event.
Complete Spectral Editing in CPMAS NMR

Abstract Two simple schemes for complete spectral editing of 13 C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (MAS) spectra of solids are proposed which can distinguish different kinds of carbon resonances, especially between 13 CH and 13 CH 2 signals. The two methods are based on the same pulse sequence, cross polarization combined with polarization inversion (PI). The CPPI technique at low to moderate MAS speeds makes use of the fact that not only are the cross-relaxation rates for all these groups different, but so to are the ratios of the heat capacities of the carbon and proton spins during the cross-relaxation for the 13 CH and 13 CH 2 groups. Signals for rigid 13 CH and 13 CH 2 groups change rapidly during the first tens of microseconds of PI and then vary at a much slower rate. At the turning point of the fast and the slow PI stages, the 13 CH 2 signals become negative and have a relative intensity of one-third of that before polarization inversion, while the residual 13 CH signal is nearly zero. At high MAS speeds on the order of 10 kHz, the dipolar Hamiltonian of 13 CH behaves inhomogeneously, while that of other nuclei behaves homogeneously. As a result, only the 13 CH signals have a large rotational echo at each integral number of rotor periods during the PI time. At both low and high MAS speeds, the distinction is straightforward.
Comparatal dispersion, a measure of accuracy of judgment

It is suggested that the ambiguity of aset of paired comparison judgments may be measured by the quantity √σ 2 + σ j 2 − 2r ij σiσi, This quantity is termed thecomparatal dispersion. A simultaneous solution for scale values and ratios of comparatal dispersions has been presented and applied to some data on food preferences.
Studies on Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Castor Bean Endosperm

Summary In castor beans maximum activities of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in the endosperm were found at day 4 of germination. Wounding caused a strong increase in PAL activity but did not affect TAL. Treatment of the seedlings with MnCl 2 drastically enhanced PAL activity, but only a slight increase of TAL was observed. DEAE cellulose chromatography resulted in only one peak of TAL activity, whereas 2 peaks were found for PAL.
Chemical control of ventilation during hypoxic exercise.

Abstract The mechanism of augmentation of the ventilatory response to hypoxia during exercise was studied in eight adult subjects at sea level. The relationship of ventilation to arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH was determined during rest and exercise at various levels of inspired Po, and PCO2; simultaneously with the acid-base state of arterial blood. Mild exercise (Vol = 1min−) augmented the ventilatory effect of hypoxia causing respiratory as well as metabolic alkalosis. During exercise, as at rest, hypoxia caused hyperventilation and hypocapnia. Unlike rest, restoring PaCO2, during hypoxic exercise from hypocapnia to normocapnia increased ventilation considerably. We conclude, therefore, that PaCO2; threshold for stimulating ventilation decreased during hypoxic exercise. There was, however, no increase in the ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia nor to hypercapnia. The hypoxic augmentation effect which was dependent on PaCO2 apparently stemmed from a peripheral chemoreflex. However, the site for this augmentation is uncertain. If the sensory code from the peripheral chemoreceptors was in the form of mean activity, the hypoxic augmentation effect may have occurred centrally since mean activity of peripheral chemoreceptors does not increase during exercise. On the other hand, the same mean activity consisting of rhythmic oscillations may account for the hypoxic augmentation effect particularly if the central excitatory state increased or oscillated appropriately during exercise.
Alternatively Folded Choriogonadotropin Analogs IMPLICATIONS FOR HORMONE FOLDING AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Abstract Most heterodimeric proteins are stabilized by intersubunit contacts or disulfide bonds. In contrast, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and other glycoprotein hormones are secured by a strand of their β-subunits that is wrapped around α-subunit loop 2 “like a seatbelt.” During studies of hCG synthesis in COS-7 cells, we found that, when the seatbelt was prevented from forming the disulfide that normally “latches” it to the β-subunit, its carboxyl-terminal end can “scan” the surface of the heterodimer and become latched by a disulfide to cysteines substituted for residues in the α-subunit. Analogs in which the seatbelt was latched to residues 35, 37, 41–43, and 56 of α-subunit loop 2 had similar lutropin activities to those of hCG; that in which it was latched to residue 92 at the carboxyl terminus had 10–20% the activity of hCG. Attachment of the seatbelt to α-subunit residues 45–51, 86, 88, 90, and 91 reduced lutropin activity substantially. These findings show that the heterodimer can form before the β-subunit has folded completely and support the notions that the carboxyl-terminal end of the seatbelt, portions of α-subunit loop 2, and the end of the α-subunit carboxyl terminus do not participate in lutropin receptor interactions. They suggest also that several different architectures could have been sampled without disrupting hormone activity as the glycoprotein hormones diverged from other cysteine knot proteins.
Spitting Automatism in Complex Partial Seizures: A Nondominant Temporal Localizing Sign?

Summary: Purpose: Spitting as an ictal automatism has been rarely reported. We aimed to establish its potential lateralizing and localizing significance. Methods: Review of patients undergoing surgery for intractable epilepsy at two comprehensive epilepsy centers. Results: Five patients were found who had spitting as a stereotyped automatism of their complex partial seizures. All had evidence of right temporal ictal onset and underwent resective surgery. Two had tumors; one, a cavernous angioma; one, hippocampal gliosis, and one, hippocampal sclerosis. We found no instances of ictal spitting in patients with left hemisphere onset. Conclusions: Spitting as an automatism in complex partial seizures, although uncommon, may be a localizing sign to the nondominant temporal lobe.
Connectivity Among Salt Marsh Subhabitats: Residency and Movements of the Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

We examined connectivity among marsh subhabitats to determine the structural limits and important components of a polyhaline salt marsh by studying the patterns of abundance, residency, and movement of a numerically and ecologically dominant nektonic fish (mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus). We captured, tagged (n = 14,040 individuals, 30–110 mm), and recaptured from Feb 2001 to Jul 2002, although most recaptures (75–95% by tagging location) occurred within 150 days. Seasonal residency and movements were common among most subhabitats based on catch per unit effort and recapture per unit effort. Thus, these (marsh pools, intertidal and subtidal creeks, and marsh surface) should be considered natural subhabitats within New England type salt marshes. Further, all these subhabitat types should be included in studies of salt marsh nekton and marsh restoration and creation activities.
A review of modern power semiconductor devices

Abstract A broad overview of modern discrete power semiconductor devices is given. The discussion centers around new device designs and modifications of Schottky rectifiers, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs), gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs), and depletion-mode transistors and thyristors. Electrically and optically triggered devices are included in the discussion. Also, there is a brief description of new developments for devices built from advanced semiconductor materials such as GaAs, SiC, and diamond, including high voltage intrinsic switches.
A Negotiated Order Exploration of Critical Student-Faculty Interactions: Student-Parents Manage Multiple Roles

One tremendous challenge in higher education today is meeting the needs of the diverse student populations in our classrooms and office hours. Currently, a growing number of college students are between the ages of 30 and 40 (Giczowski, 1990). For many individuals in this particular non-traditional segment of our student population, simultaneously managing multiple life-roles creates a variety of unique challenges. This study explores critical interactions between faculty and students when students are experiencing difficulties in managing school and family/work responsibilities from the framework of Negotiated Order Theory (Strauss, 1978). Data were collected through survey and critical interaction methods. Results demonstrate that childcare concerns most often triggered students to initiate negotiations with faculty members, informational support was often lacking for how to manage such negotiations, limited options were perceived by students, and faculty members not granting student requests often reli...
TU‐C‐203‐02: Negotiation Challenges for Medical Physicists

Medical Physicist face, and often create for themselves, unique challenges in working out contracts for the provision of professional services. We are very often in the position of trying to sell something at a very high cost to someone who does not know or care what we do. The inclination is strong on both sides to not get bogged down in the details. Negotiation often tumbles to a simple matter of, “I'll take that job for this amount of money.” Only later does it unfold that the two parties each had very different ideas of “normal expectations.” While this cannot be completely avoided, especially in the context of rapid hospital administrator turnover, there are things that can be done to lengthen the Half‐life of Despair. Clear specifications of the scope of duties, areas of responsibility and authority, work environment and schedule, etc. should always be central to the process of agreeing to do work for pay. We must bear in mind that these things are necessary but not sufficient. Contracts exist as a useful tool for future recollection of the conversations that generate them, but ultimately the only parties that benefit from the existence of a contract in a situation gone bad are the attorneys who are engaged to parse it. A contract will not save you from a sinking ship. Whether the contract is ever useful or not, contract negotiation is vitally important as a process. Contract negotiation is the moment in a relationship when one has the clearest opportunity to establish the tone of the relationship and to sample the culture of the organization. The negotiation period is the last time that everything will be possible. To be successful in that process a Medical Physicist is best served by having a very clear understanding of his/her own professional identity and a heightened awareness of the subtle messages that are sent from the other side. These are skills that many of us could stand to refine for ourselves. In this brief presentation I will touch on some of the elements of a successful negotiation of acceptable terms to perform the professional work of a Medical Physicist, going beyond the well‐known boilerplate elements of a professional contract to the more subtle and much more important challenge of framing the infrastructure of a sustainable relationship with strangers in a very short time. Learning objectives: 1. Understand the difference between “taking a job” and “joining a practice.” 2. Explore how professional identity influences the negotiation process. 3. Be reminded that work relationships are about working with people much more than about well‐crafted contracts. 4. Understand the importance of a well‐crafted contract.
A nonlinear thermoelasticity theory

Abstract This study is an analysis of the temperature generated, in a nonlinear thermoelastic material by the deviatoric components of strain. The situation where the nonlinearity in the stress-strain relation is more important than the nonlinearity in geometry is considered. After a general formulation of the energy equation to include the effect, the specific case of the torsional oscillations of a round bar is solved. In this example the deformations are considered to be imposed and the temperature is then determined from the energy equation. It is found that appreciable temperature increments may be generated by the shearing strains.
xCRUZA's portable solar cooker: eco-entrepreneurism challenges in Argentina

Title – xCRUZA ' s portable solar cooker: eco-entrepreneurism challenges in Argentina. Subject area – Entrepreneurship. Level/applicability – The portable solar cooker case is appropriate for upper division undergraduate and graduate students in entrepreneurship, international, strategy or sustainability courses. Case overview – xCRUZA, a small industrial design studio in Buenos Aires, Argentina, has experienced limited success and expansion since the company was founded in 2005. Focusing on eco design principles, xCRUZA has maintained an eclectic design mix pertaining to product development in children ' s toys, medicine, and cleaning products. Challenged by a struggling Argentine economy, a population not focused on environmental concerns, and a general lack of capital availability, the founders of xCRUZA chose to design, develop, market and sell a portable solar cooker. The cooker was originally designed by two of the founders while studying engineering at university. While innovative and award winning...
Medical and Dietary Therapy for Kidney Stone Prevention

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing, and newer research is finding that stones are associated with several serious morbidities. These facts suggest that emphasis needs to be placed not only on stone treatment but also stone prevention. However, there is a relative dearth of information on dietary and medical therapies to treat and avoid nephrolithiasis. In addition, studies have shown that there are many misconceptions among both the general community and physicians about how stones should be managed. This article is meant to serve as a review of the current literature on dietary and drug therapies for stone prevention.
Mitigating the scatterometer-model wind biases in the Adriatic sea

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are operationally used for meteorological and oceanographic applications. Storm surge prediction models (SSMs), in particular, use the NWP surface wind and mean sea level pressure fields as forcing. It is well known that in basins surrounded by steep orography the surface wind fields supplied by NWP models are often not well represented [1]. In such cases the inaccuracies of the meteorological fields may propagate into the water level forecasts [2], making thus desirable a more faithful representation of the surface wind by NWP models. Accurate observations of the sea surface wind, performed routinely by satellite-borne scatterometers, are nowadays easily available with very short delays and can be used to improve the representation of the surface wind. This work aims to illustrate a methodology that brings the time and space dependent scatterometer-model bias into a tuning scheme of the wind forecast. The results of the study have been successfully used for SSM forecast applications, but are valid in general and can be applied equally well in other regional basins and coastal areas, as well as for other applications (ocean currents and waves).
Paradox and Potential Infinity

We describe a variety of sets internal to models of intuitionistic set theory that (1) manifest some of the crucial behaviors of potentially infinite sets as described in the foundational literature going back to Aristotle, and (2) provide models for systems of predicative arithmetic. We close with a brief discussion of Church’s Thesis for predicative arithmetic.
Eyewitness Identifications The Role of Attention and Encoding Specificity

The effect of encoding specificity, attention-sharing, and identification paradigm (live-photo or photo-photo) on accuracy official recognition was investigated in a factorial design. High encoding specificity and high attention to the face led to more accurate recognition; there was also a borderline tendency for recognition to be higher in the photo-photo paradigm. Implications of these findings for the external validity of eyewitness identification studies are discussed.
Halogen interactions in protein-ligand complexes: implications of halogen bonding for rational drug design.

Halogen bonding interactions between halogenated ligands and proteins were examined using the crystal structures deposited to date in the PDB. The data was analyzed as a function of halogen bonding to main chain Lewis bases, viz. oxygen of backbone carbonyl and backbone amide nitrogen. This analysis also examined halogen bonding to side-chain Lewis bases (O, N, and S) and to the electron-rich aromatic amino acids. All interactions were restricted to van der Waals radii with respective atoms. The data reveals that while fluorine and chlorine have strong tendencies favoring interactions with the backbone Lewis bases at glycine, the trend is not restricted to the achiral amino acid backbone for larger halogens. Halogen side-chain interactions are not restricted to amino acids containing O, N, and S as Lewis bases. Electron-rich aromatic amino acids host a high frequency of halogen bonds as does Leu. A closer examination of the latter hydrophobic side chain reveals that the “propensity of interactions” of hal...
Acid phosphatase in granulocytic capsules formed in strains of Biomphalaria glabrata totally and partially resistant to Schistosoma mansoni.

Abstract Cheng T. C. and Garrabrant T. A. 1977. Acid phosphatase in granulocytic capsules formed in strains of Biomphalaria glabrata totally and partially resistant to Schistosoma mansoni . International Journal for Parasitology 7: 467–472. Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2, orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase) has been demonstrated cytochemically in isolated granulocytes from the hemolymph of three strains of Biomphalaria glabrata . This enzyme was not detected in hyalinocytes. By employing acid phosphatase as a marker, it was determined that the cells comprising the capsule surrounding Schislosoma mansoni mother sporocysts in a totally and partially resistant strain of B. glabrata are granulocytes. The process of encapsulation of S. mansoni mother sporocysts in resistant B. glabrata was traced for 72 h post-penetration by miracidia and has been ascertained to involve two stages: (1) enlargement of the granuloma around intact sporocysts, followed by (2) disintegration of the parasite and a decrease in the size of the granuloma. There is an increase in the level of acid phosphatase activity within granulocytes comprising the granuloma during the second stage. Host cellular responses to S. mansoni mother sporocysts does not occur in susceptible snails.
Human fibrin tissue adhesive for sutureless lamellar keratoplasty and scleral patch adhesion: a pilot study.

Abstract Purpose To determine whether a fibrin adhesive can facilitate the performance of sutureless lamellar keratoplasty and attachment of amnion to bare sclera. Design Prospective, noncomparative case series. Participants Six patients, 5 of whom underwent lamellar keratoplasty and 1 who received an amniotic patch of the sclera and cornea. Institutional review board approval was not required for these therapeutic treatments. Methods In 5 patients, the epithelium was removed from the corneal surface, a free cap, 200-μm thick, was cut with a microkeratome, and a human fibrin tissue adhesive (Tisseel VH Fibrin Sealant; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Glendale, CA) was applied to the cut surface of the corneal stroma. A 200-μm thick, microkeratome-cut lamellar graft was placed in the stromal bed without sutures, and a bandage soft contact lens was applied. The lens was left in place for 1 week and then removed. In 1 patient, the adhesive was applied to bare sclera for attachment of amniotic membrane after removal of a conjunctival melanosis. All patients were followed up for 3 months after surgery. Main outcome measures Tissue adhesion, corneal clarity, and visual acuity. Results All 5 lamellar grafts healed and remained clear, although final visual acuity varied with visual potential and astigmatism. The amniotic membrane graft also adhered well to the bare sclera. Conclusions The fibrin adhesive provided satisfactory attachment without sutures for lamellar keratoplasty and amniotic patching. It should be effective for sealing of clear cornea incisions, LASIK flaps, and conjunctival and skin grafts. An adhesive that has been designed specifically for ophthalmic applications and is more convenient to use would be desirable.
Conditions for solvability in complex p-solvable linear groups

We present conditions on the structure and degree n of a finite irreducible complex linear group that guarantee its solvability. In particular, we show that if such a group is p-solvable but not p-closed for some prime number p, then the group is solvable whenever n≡±1(modp) and n is also smaller than certain bounds which are on the order of p2.
Deficits in facial-affect recognition and schizophrenia

It has been widely demonstrated that schizophrenic patients show a broad range of deficits in interpersonal skills. Recently, considerable attention has been focused on the ability of these patients to decode affective cues. This article reviews findings about facial-affect recognition in schizophrenia. While the literature on this topic is extensive, many investigations have suffered from significant methodological shortcomings. Strategies to resolve these shortcomings are presented. Possible relationships between problems of affect recognition and other symptoms that characterize schizophrenia are discussed. Neurological mechanisms of facial-affect recognition are reviewed and related to data on lateralized neurological impairment in
Doctoral Dissertation Research in Rehabilitation Counseling: 2008-2010.

Graduates of doctoral level programs are the stewards of their profession. Historically, doctoral dissertation research has been summarized as a service to improve research accessibility, analyze research trends, and suggest potential areas for future inquiry. The current review analyzes 99 doctoral dissertations from recognized rehabilitation counseling programs for the years 2005 through 2007. Departing from previous inquiries, the present study analyzed the methodology employed, the research model, and the type of statistical analyses implemented to answer the research questions posed by the dissertator. These additional points were included to reflect the growing emphasis in the field of rehabilitation counseling on evidence-based practice. A description of the methodology utilized to develop the reference citations, content summaries, observations, trends, and the annotated bibliography is provided. Potential implications for the practice of rehabilitation counseling, teaching, and future research ar...
Investigation of ION and a Heavy Truck on Rollover Propensity and Prevention

In this paper rollover propensities of two different kinds of vehicles, a big truck and a small vehicle, are compared by simulations. The small vehicle model is built for ION, the off-road navigator from OSU team in DARPA Grand Challenge and the large truck model is a generic example from TruckSim database. Characteristic parameters for ION model are tuned to match a real situation in which one wheel lift-off happened. An integration of two prevailing anti-rollover control methods, namely active suspension control and differential braking, is applied on the model of ION for rollover prevention. Simulations are given to show the privilege of the integrating control method compared with each separate controller. The influences of road curvature, or the steering input and the travel speed on the roll propensity are analyzed and compared for these two vehicles. The results show that vehicle roll dynamic can be predicted to match that of the real driving case and the proposed control method effectively improves the roll stability both for ION and the heavy truck.
Security enhanced SPECTS O-CDMA with four-state encoded data modulation

We demonstrate a security enhancement mechanism based on four-state temporal optical coding which protects a SPECTS O-CDMA upstream link against eavesdropping including DPSK detection. The FPGA-based code-hopping implementation facilitates future encryption by optical codes.
Electron-beam computed tomography for detecting coronary artery disease and cardiac events

In this issue of the Journal, Harvey Hecht reviews the current status of electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) and its implications for nuclear cardiology. Proponents of this technique for detection of coronary calcium deposits are at times overly enthusiastic about its accomplishments and promises. On the other hand, detractors of the technique are skeptical or frankly negative about its role in detecting preclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) and are often leery of the commercial overtones of some EBCT programs. In this scenario, the accumulated reported data are often cited with an emphasis on either the positive or negative findings, depending on the authors’ vested interests. Although Dr Hecht is correct in pointing out that the presence of calcium determined by EBCT is de facto proof of coronary atherosclerosis, the mere presence of calcium may not be a good predictor of future events: the vast majority of patients with coronary calcium deposits detected by EBCT do not have cardiac events during the next several years, and most patients probably will never have a cardiac event. Thus, although the presence of calcium is more direct evidence of coronary atherosclerosis than positive findings on a stress electrocardiogram or even a myocardial perfusion scan, the dilemma persists: it is easier to detect populations of patients who may be at higher risk for cardiac events than to “close in” on individual patients who will eventually have events. The acceptance of the guidelines developed by the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and reproduced by Dr Hecht in this issue may therefore be premature. To an impartial observer, it may appear that there is hardly any general agreement on what the appropriate indications are for this novel technique. The “evidence” in most cases is based on relatively few publications by a few groups of investigators who generally have a high degree of enthusiasm for EBCT. More studies reported from a larger number of institutions will be required before the results can be considered true “evidence.” These comments notwithstanding, EBCT does merit attention, if for no other reason than because CAD is the greatest health problem that Americans face. In the United States, 1 person dies each minute of a coronary event. Reducing the effects of CAD is a concern not only for this country but for the entire world. Great strides have been made in the daily treatment of CAD. Unfortunately, this treatment is targeting the disease after it has clinically revealed itself. Prevention of major cardiac disease events should be the main goal if we are to have a major impact on the outcome of CAD. Hence identifying persons with subclinical CAD before it becomes clinically apparent has great potential clinical applicability.
Factors controlling aeolian sequence stratigraphy: clues from super bounding surface features in the Middle Jurassic Page Sandstone

Super bounding surfaces (super surfaces) facilitate delineation of internal genetic architecture, or sequence stratigraphy, of aeolian sandstones and help in distinguishing controls on aeolian accumulation, hiatuses in accumulation and preservation of such sandstones. The Middle Jurassic Page Sandstone is an amalgamation of such sandstone units accumulated in a dry erg system, with water table below the surface, separated by super surfaces with features indicating an arid climate but a near surface water table. The Page Sandstone accumulated episodically with periods of aeolian accumulation followed by deflation to the water table; the water table fluctuated up and down through the sediment package. This rising water table did not directly control accumulation, but placed a limit on extent of deflation by stabilizing the substrate, thereby directly controlling preservation of the aeolian unit. A combination of relative water table behaviour, sediment supply and aerodynamic conditions upwind and within the erg controlled the thickness of genetic packages within the erg. A change in the pattern of deflation associated with super surface formation late in deposition of the Page Sandstone reflects a change in tectonic regime in the basin. The number of super surfaces and features on the super surfaces with the Page Sandstone suggest that the super surfaces represent more time than do the accumulations they enclose.
Sublime diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis

The diagnosis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is usually not difficult. Patients who present in summer or fall with the triad of a painful radiculoneuropathy, cranial neuropathy (particularly facial neuropathy), and meningitis, preceded by a skin rash compatible with erythema migrans or a flu-like illness after exposure in an endemic area have LNB until proven otherwise and should be promptly treated with antibiotics.1,2 However, the diagnosis of acute LNB can be problematic when patients present with only one component of the triad, particularly in the absence of preceding skin involvement. In such patients laboratory testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Most patients have an elevated serum Lyme titer, and nearly all have a CSF mononuclear pleocytosis with elevated protein but normal glucose (even in the absence of meningeal signs). However, the diagnostic sine qua non of LNB is demonstration of intrathecal Borrelia infection by CSF culture, intrathecal concentration of B burgdorferi antibody, or by PCR. Unfortunately, CSF culture is only rarely positive (and very rarely even attempted), the CSF/serum antibody index is sometimes normal, and PCR …
Exact robot navigation by means of potential functions: Some topological considerations

The limits in global navigation capability of potential function based robot control algorithms are explored. Elementary tools of algebraic and differential topology are used to advance arguments suggesting the existence of potential functions over a bounded planar region with arbitrary fixed obstacles possessed of a unique local minimum. A class of such potential functions is constructed for certain cases of a planar disk region with an arbitrary number of smaller disks removed.
Ripples from the Waves? A Systemic, Time-Series Analysis of Democracy, Democratization, and Interstate War

Few puzzles in international relations research have received as much attention as the relationship between political regimes and interstate conflict. Here we examine a particular aspect of this puzzle: the systemic relationships between democracy, democratization, and interstate conflict. We test hypotheses aimed at exploring three dimensions of this general inquiry. First, that democracy, democratization, and war are endogenous phenomena. Second, that the relationships between these three processes vary across time with respect to their strength and direction. Lastly, that these relationships also vary spatially, paying particular attention to geographic regions. Using time-series techniques with data for the period 1816-1992, we employ Granger causality and vector auto-regression (VAR) techniques to test our hypotheses. Briefly, we find evidence confirming the endogeneity of these processes, though this endogeneity is not as extensive as we anticipated and is conditional on the spatial and temporal sample selected. Perhaps more importantly, we find evidence suggesting that the statistical strength and sign of the relationships of interest exhibit considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We conclude that the regional level, rather than the global level, holds more promise for understanding the interrelationships between systemic democracy, democratization, and interstate conflict.
Teaching 3D modeling and simulation: virtual kelp forest case study

Two classes of graduate students learning 3D graphics and analytic simulation at the Naval Postgraduate School modeled the three_dimensional (3D) shape, structure, imagery and motion behaviors of plants and animals in the kelp forest exhibit at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Our intended audience includes educators and students of all ages, scientific users interested in composing models in a 3D Web environment, and the general public. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) proved to be an excellent medium for capturing diverse models, composing multiple student efforts, and publishing dynamic results publicly on the Web. By focusing on thoroughly modeling a controlled environment, we produced an exemplar 3D graphics site for modeling larger and more sophisticated underwater domains. This project was successfully demonstrated to numerous new users, including 1000 people during the 1998 National Ocean Fair in Monterey. Recent results include scene translation to the Extensible 3D (X3D) Graphics specification, using the Extensible Markup Language (XML) for scene-graph encoding. Overall, this project serves as an interesting case study on teaching contemporary computer graphics to university students with a wide range of backgrounds.
Integrating full spectrum of sequence features into predicting functional microRNA-mRNA interactions.

Motivation: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in general biological processes and diseases pathogenesis. Identifying miRNA target genes is an essential step to fully understand the regulatory effects of miRNAs. Many computational methods based on the sequence complementary rules and the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles have been developed for this purpose. It is noted that there have been many sequence features of miRNA targets available, including the context features of the target sites, the thermodynamic stability and the accessibility energy for miRNAmRNA interaction. However, most of current computational methods that combine sequence and expression information do not effectively integrate full spectrum of these features; instead, they perceive putative miRNA-mRNA interactions from sequence-based prediction as equally meaningful. Therefore, these sequence features have not been fully utilized for improving miRNA target prediction. Results: We propose a novel regularized regression approach that is based on the adaptive Lasso procedure for detecting functional miRNA-mRNA interactions. Our method fully takes into account the gene sequence features and the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles. Given a set of sequence features for each putative miRNAmRNA interaction and their expression values, our model quantifies the down-regulation effect of each miRNA on its targets while simultaneously estimating the contribution of each sequence feature to predicting functional miRNA-mRNA interactions. By applying our model to the expression datasets from two cancer studies, we have demonstrated our prediction results have achieved better sensitivity and specificity and are more biologically meaningful compared to those based on other methods. Availability: The source code is available at:
Laparoscopic antecolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with closure of internal defects leads to fewer internal hernias than the retrocolic approach.

Background Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery reportedly has a higher rate of postoperative internal hernias than open bypass surgery. Even with closure of mesenteric defects, hernias occur in up to 9% of cases. To minimize this complication, an antecolic antegastric approach to anastomosis of the Roux limb and gastric pouch has been used. Whereas the retrocolic retrogastric technique creates three mesenteric defects, the antecolic approach produces only two: Petersen’s defect and the jejunojejunostomy. The rate of internal hernias was compared among patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery using the retrocolic and antecolic approaches.
A microcomputer-based visual stimulator

A microcomputer-based instrument is described that provides visual stimuli for a CRT display and collects and processes response data. The system produces a variety of visual patterns to facilitate the study of the properties of visual neurons of several different animals. The visual patterns include drifting sinusoidal or bar gratings, contrast reversal gratings, and diffuse light. By means of a keypad, the experimenter can select the visual pattern and its parameters, such as depth of modulation, spatial frequency, initial spatial phase, temporal frequency, and rotation angle.
Contaminant tailing in highly heterogeneous porous formations: Sensitivity on model selection and material properties

Summary Coupled impacts of slow advection, diffusion and sorption were investigated using two heterogeneity models that differ in structure and in the mathematical framework that was used to simulate flow and transport and to quantify contaminant tailing. Both models were built using data from a highly heterogeneous exposure of the Borden Aquifer at a site located 2 km north-west of the Stanford–Waterloo experimental site at Canadian Forces Base Borden, Ontario, Canada. The inclusions-based model used a simplified representation of the different materials found at the site, while the second model was based on transitional probability geostatistics of the formation. These two models were used to investigate sensitivity of contaminant tailing on model selection and on geometric and material properties. While simulations were based on data collected at Borden, models were exercised beyond the geometric and material properties that characterize the site. Various realizations have identified very low conductive silty clay, found at volume fraction of 23.4%, as the material with dominant influence on tailing, and vertical diffusion in and out of low conductive units, affected by sorption, as the dominant transport mechanism causing tailing. The two models yielded almost identical transport results when vertical correlation lengths of silty clay were matched. Several practical implications relevant for characterization of low conductive units were identified and briefly discussed.