cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The General Electric LM5000 Marine Gas Turbine

The General Electric LM5000 Marine Gas Turbine (see figure 1) intended for application to commercial and naval ships requiring high power (50,000 BHP nominal), high thermal efficiency (38 percent), and compact, marinized and relatively light weight prime movers is described. Ship candidates include Fast Support Ships, Aircraft Carriers [in a Combined Nuclear and Gas Turbine (CONAG) propulsion system], Battleships and large surface effect ships.The LM5000 marine gas turbine is a marinized version of the LM5000 industrial gas turbine which was derived in 1977 from the CF6-50 aircraft engine. The CF6-6 model of this family of aircraft engines was the parent of the over 648 GE LM2500 marine gas turbine now used on the ships of 18 navies, 32 ship programs and 247 ships of the world. Over 2100 of the CF6-50 mode] engines are used on over 600 of the McDonald Douglas DC-10, the Airbus A300 and the Boeing 747 aircraft.Since reliability and durability are dependent upon engine family experience, the hardware commonality with the CF6-50 aircraft engine is described as well as the associated experience, performance, installation and maintainability features.Copyright © 1989 by ASME
Unsteady hydrodynamic effect of rotation on steady rigid-body motion

Owing to the inertial effect of the flow, an unsteady hydrodynamic force will act on a particle of arbitrary shape undergoing a steady rigid-body motion with small but finite Reynolds number if the axis of rotation of the particle is not its axis of rotational symmetry. Unsteady flow field is generated owing to such rotation of the body and as a result the particle experiences a time-dependent translational resistance. In this paper, we analyse this time-dependent hydrodynamic force and obtain its higher-order correction by systematically expanding the Navier–Stokes equation in small Reynolds number.
Simvastatin reduced major vascular events at 5 years in at-risk patients; benefits were maintained at 11 years

Source Citation Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects on 11-year mortality and morbidity of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin for about 5 years in 20 536 high-risk individuals...
Comparison of site-specific valence band densities of states determined from Auger spectra and XPS-determined valence band spectra in GeS (001) and GeSe (001)☆

Abstract Auger lineshapes of the Ge M1M4,5 V and M3M4,5 V and Se M1M4,5V transitions in GeS (001) and GeSe (001) are measured and compared to XPS valence band spectra. Distortions in both types of spectra due to inelastic scattering, analyzer and source broadening, and core level lifetime broadening are removed by deconvolution techniques. The valence band consists of three main peaks at −2 eV, −8 eV, and −13 eV. There is excellent agreement of peak positions in AES and XPS spectra. The Auger lineshapes can be interpreted in terms of site-specific densities of states. They indicate that the states at ∼−8 eV and at ∼−13 eV are associated with the cation and anion sites respectively. The bonding p-like states at the top of the valence band have both cation and anion character. The Auger lineshapes indicate that the states closest to the valence band maximum are preferentially associated with Ge.
Evaluation of Tenidap (CP-66,248) on human neutrophil arachidonic acid metabolism, chemotactic potential and clinical efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study examining the clinical efficacy of a novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent: Tenidap (CP-66,248). RA patients receiving active drug therapy (n=6) demonstrated clinically significant improvements in observer assessment of pain (p<0.025), painful joint count (p<0.010), and overall clinical assessment as based on a modified rheumatoid activity index, MRAI (p<0.025). In parallel laboratory assays, Tenidap was found to exhibit a significantin vitro dose-dependent inhibition of ionophore-stimulated neutrophil production of the 5-lipoxygenase product: [3H]leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Although more importantly, Tenidap was also found to exhibit anin vitro dose-dependent inhibition (IC50 20 μM) of the ionophore-stimulated release (deacylation) of the precursor [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane phospholipids. In further studies, Tenidap did not have any effect on fMLP-induced neutrophil chemotactic response. These results suggest that one of the possible mechanisms for the clinical effectiveness of this agent, may be through its effect at inhibiting the release of free AA from membrane phospholipids and therefore limiting its further metabolism into certain biologically-active inflammatory lipids.
Comparison Of Calculated And Observed Atmospheric Transmittances In The Far Infrared

Far infrared atmospheric transmission spectra using the sun as a source have been obtained with a Fourier spectrometer from mountain top and from an aircraft in the low stratosphere. The spectra cover the range 15-60 cm-1 with a resolution of 0.065 cm-1. Some of the mountain-top spectra were made on an extra-ordinarily dry day when the quantity of precipitable water overhead was less than 250 ppt μm. Absorption features due to oxygen, water vapor, ozone, and nitrous oxide are present. The known rotational parameters of these molecules allow computation of the expected atmospheric transmission for a given distribution of absorbers. The methods of computation will be described and the comparison of observed and calculated transmittances discussed. The insensitivity of the absorption to the details of distribution of absorber limits the information which may be obtained from below about the distribution of absorber at higher altitudes.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
State estimate recovery via nonlinear transforms during periods of destabilisation initiated by measurement uncertainty

A parallel approach is being proposed for the construction of a nonlinear-based state estimator for closed-loop systems failing the Hurwitz criteria during finite time intervals. The instability originates from sensor errors, and it is assumed that a Kalman–Bucy/Luenberger estimator is being processed in closed loop. It is shown that a bounded nonlinear state estimator can be constructed via nonlinear state transforms over a finite time interval, and makes use of the control input and the measured output of the destabilised closed-loop system. The filter presented provides an interesting new approach for the correction of state estimation due to sensor bias. In cases where the closed-loop plant remains stable, this approach is useful for dealing with pure sensor bias without the need for high gain filtering. The original uncontrolled open-loop system is assumed stable as a preemptive criterion throughout this study.
Targeting blood glucose management in school improves glycemic control in children with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus.

We hypothesized that school nurse supervision of glucose and insulin-dose adjustment significantly improves the hemoglobinA 1c (HbA 1c ) level in pediatric patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (HbA 1c ≥ 9%). A total of 36 subjects were enrolled and 18 subjects were randomized to receive the 3-month intervention. Their average HbA 1c was lowered by 1.6%, suggesting that this intervention helps this difficult group of patients.
Attempted assembly of discrete coordination complexes into 1-D chains using halogen bonding or halogen⋯halogen interactions

Attempts at creating infinite 1-D architectures using M(II)-acac complexes as building blocks and halogen bonding or halogen⋯halogen contacts failed to produce the desired motifs, and serve to illustrate how intermolecular interactions can be ranked in terms of their structural influence and supramolecular effectiveness.
Question-Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries: A Timeless Topic in a Timeless Article

David A. Tyckoson is Associate Dean at California State University, Fresno; e-mail: davety@csufresno.edu. © 2015 David A. Tyckoson, Attribution-NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) CC BY-NC. It has been almost 50 years since Robert Taylor published this classic article in CR yet much of what that article discussed is as fresh today as it was back then.1 As Taylor wrote, “Without doubt, the negotiation of reference questions is one of the most complex acts of human communication” (180). Of course, that is what makes it a classic—it has enduring themes that have prevailed over time. Taylor’s article is still being frequently cited—and this is by no means the first time that it has been identified as a classic. In a 2009 article on the most highly cited articles in Library and Information Science, the authors used the Web of Science database to analyze all of the more than 82,000 papers in the Web of Science subject category of Information Science and Library Science (ISLS).2 In that universe of source material, Taylor was found to be the 17th most cited ISLS article. Given the tendency of Web of Science to focus more on the hard sciences than other disciplines, most of the top articles were either information retrieval or computer science papers. In fact, Taylor is the only one in the top 82 that used any variation of the word library in its title. Based on that Web of Science data, Taylor’s paper is the single most cited library science journal article of all time. My own similar analysis of the Taylor article in Fall 2014 found 364 citations in the Web of Science—and more than 1,000 in Google Scholar. Interestingly, the rate of citation per year has risen over time rather than declined. There were more citations to Taylor in 2011 than in any other single year—and more citations in the last decade (2005–2014) than in any single prior decade. Very few articles in our discipline have either the quantity or the longevity of citation relevancy as Taylor’s paper. This is clear evidence that Taylor’s work remains relevant. The methodology that Taylor used was very innovative for its time. Instead of taking surveys, Taylor conducted in-person interviews with researchers about the processes that they used to find information in real life. He also had a class of undergraduate students log their own process of searching for information while working on a project. This approach focused on actual behaviors of users (and librarians) and anticipated many of the anthropological and ethnographic research studies that are being conducted today. Based on the information obtained from those interviews and research logs, Taylor created a hierarchy of levels of understanding that can be applied to any research query. These include the actual, unexpressed need (visceral need); the conscious, within-brain description of the need (conscious need); the formal statement of that need (formalized
The specific gravity of insect blood and its application to physiological problems

Abstract The specific gravity of the blood of insects reflects many physiological changes which take place in the organs which comprise the whole animal. The measurement of this property by the Linderstrom-Lang gradient method is simple and precise. The best application of the method is as a precursor to other studies to assure physiological normalcy. Other applications discussed include: The estimation of blood protein, the determination of blood volume, the determination of the degree of winter hardiness, and the timing of the extent of intoxication with biologically active chemicals.
Clamming up: environmental forces diminish the perceptive ability of bivalve prey

The lethal and nonlethal impacts of predators in marine systems are often mediated via reciprocal detection of waterborne chemical signals between consumers and prey. Local flow environments can enhance or impair the chemoreception ability of consumers, but the effect of hydrodynamics on detection of predation risk by prey has not been investigated. Using clams as our model organism, we investigated two specific questions: (1) Can clams decrease their mortality by responding to predators? (2) Do fluid forces affect the ability of clams to detect approaching predators? Previous research has documented a decrease in clam feeding (pumping) in response to a neighboring predator. We determined the benefits of this behavior to survivorship by placing clams in the field with knobbed whelk or blue crab predators caged nearby and compared mortality between these clams and clams near a cage-only control. Significantly more clams survived in areas containing a caged predator, suggesting that predator-induced alterations in feeding reduce clam mortality in the field. We ascertained the effect of fluid forces on clam perception of predators in a laboratory flume by comparing the feeding (pumping) behavior of clams in response to crabs and whelks in flows of 3 and 11 cm/s. Clams pumped significantly less in the presence of predators, but their reaction to blue crabs diminished in the higher velocity flow, while their response to whelks remained constant in both flows. Thus, clam reactive distance to blue crabs was affected by fluid forces, but hydrodynamic effects on clam perceptive distance was predator specific. After predators were removed, clams exposed to whelks took significantly longer to resume feeding than those exposed to blue crabs. Our results suggest that prey perception of predators can be altered by physical forces. Prey detection of predators is the underlying mechanism for trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs), and recent research has documented the importance of TMIIs to community structure. Since physical forces can influence prey perception, the prevalence of TMIIs in communities may, in part, be related to the sensory ability of prey, physical forces in the environment that impact sensory performance, and the type of predator detected.
The Comparative Imperative: Genetics and Ontogeny of Chemoreceptive Prey Responses in Natricine Snakes

Reptiles offer a rich diversity for the study of chemoreception, and snakes are a particularly appropriate group for comparative, evolutionary, genetic, developmental, and mechanistic studies. A long-
Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World

Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World. Charles D. Trombold (editor). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 263 pp., 4 color plates, 9 tables, maps and figures. $69.95 (cloth). ISBN 0–521–38337–4.
Platform and applications for massive-scale streaming network analytics

The ability to analyze massive amounts of network traffic data in real time is becoming increasingly important for communication service providers, as it enables them to optimize use of their service infrastructure and develop innovative revenue-generating opportunities. In particular, the real-time analysis of perishable user traffic (which is not stored because of privacy, regulatory, and other constraints) can provide insights into the use of applications and services by telecommunication subscribers. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a novel system for real-time analysis of network traffic based on IBM InfoSphere® Streams, a scalable stream-processing platform, which provides access and analysis with respect to the data objects and communication patterns of users at the application layer, in contrast to simple packet-and flow-based analysis that most current systems provide. We discuss our design considerations for such a system and further describe analytics applications developed to showcase its capabilities: online identification of most-frequent objects, online social network discovery, and real-time sentiment analysis. We also present performance results from a pilot deployment of this platform and its applications that analyzed Internet traffic generated by users at a large corporate research lab.
Location-aware wireless networks

The availability of positional information is of great importance in numerous commercial, health-care, public safety, and military applications. The coming years will see the emergence of high-definition location-aware (HDLA) networks with sub-meter accuracy, minimal infrastructure, and robustness in harsh environments. We propose to realize this ambitious goal using cooperative peer-to-peer algorithms. This talk will present a brief technical overview of our recent activities with particular emphasis on cooperative localization in wideband wireless networks from three points of view: fundamental performance bounds, cooperative algorithms, and experimentation. Fundamental bounds serve as performance benchmarks and as guidelines for network design. Cooperative algorithms will be designed to approach these bounds, resulting in dramatic performance improvements over traditional techniques. Experimentation will be used to determine important attributes of physical environments; these realistic models are necessary to obtain accurate bounds, to develop robust algorithms, and to validate their performance in harsh environment.
Assembly of extracellular matrix

A great challenge in understanding how different extracellular matrices assemble is to sort through the vast number of possible interactions between and among matrix molecules. The most profound insights are likely to come from patients with defined defects of matrix molecules and the use of transgenic mice or other experimental technologies that mimic the complexity of the human system.
A robust approach to time-to-depth conversion and interval velocity estimation from time migration in the presence of lateral velocity variations

The problem of conversion from time-migration velocity to an interval velocity in depth in the presence of lateral velocity variations can be reduced to solving a system of partial differential equations. In this paper, we formulate the problem as a non-linear least-squares optimization for seismic interval velocity and seek its solution iteratively. The input for the inversion is the Dix velocity, which also serves as an initial guess. The inversion gradually updates the interval velocity in order to account for lateral velocity variations that are neglected in the Dix inversion. The algorithm has a moderate cost thanks to regularization that speeds up convergence while ensuring a smooth output. The proposed method should be numerically robust compared to the previous approaches, which amount to extrapolation in depth monotonically. For a successful time-to-depth conversion, image-ray caustics should be either nonexistent or excluded from the computational domain. The resulting velocity can be used in subsequent depth-imaging model building. Both synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
An Enhanced Physical Method for Downscaling Thermal Infrared Radiance

Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery plays a critical role in characterizing land surface processes and modeling energy balances. However, due to the low TIR radiance emitted from the Earth's surface, TIR imagery acquired from satellite thermal sensors is often with limited spatial resolutions, which presents a serious obstacle to its applications in heterogeneous landscapes (e.g., the studies of urban heat island). In this letter, we developed a new method for downscaling TIR radiance by addressing the limitations of a previously developed physical downscaling method by Liu and Pu (2008). To validate our method, a 990-m TIR image was generated by upscaling a 90-m TIR image from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer and downscaled back to the 90-m resolution using the proposed method. The results show that the enhanced physical method not only greatly reduced the block effects and smooth effects found in the original physical method but also improved the downscaling accuracy over the original method.
Interference in Angle-Modulated Systems With Predetection Filtering

An approximate expression is derived for the output power spectral density in the baseband of an angle-modulated signal interfered with by another such signal when the receiver includes a linear bandpass filter. The expression assumes that the filter negligibly affects the desired signal and that the interference is small.
Treatment of gas‐solid adsorption data by the error‐in‐variables method

A recently developed error-in-variables method of calculating regression parameters was applied to the modeling of gas-solid adsorption equilibria. The method accounts for error in all experimental variables in the regression calculations. Regression coefficients from pure component data calculated by the new method were used to predict multicomponent equilibria. The multicomponent predictions using pure component parameters calculated by the error-in-variables method were more accurae than predictions using parameters calculated by conventional least-squares regression.
Influence of L-Asparaginase Preparations of E. coli and Agouti Serum on the Homograft Reactivity in the Mouse

Immunosuppression by E. coli L-asparaginase was first reported by Bertelli and his coworkers [3] who observed prolonged survival of skin allo- and xenografts in mice treated with high doses of the enzymepreparation. Hobik described inhibition of the graft-versus-host reaction in mice and rats receiving E. coli L-asparaginase [8]. Suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induced transformation of human lymphocytes was reported by Astaldi et al. [1] and by Ohno [12].
An improved apparatus for blood perfusion of the canine cerebral vasculature.

An improved perfusion apparatus is described which consists of a membrane oxygenator, roller pump, reservoir, heat exchanger, blood filter, and inert tubing. Heparinized blood may be used and is delivered at flow rates from 10 to 250 ml/min. Dogs are anesthetized with halothane and their cerebral arterial blood supply isolated by the method of Gilboe et al. (8). When the canine brain is perfused for 5 hr using the described apparatus, the rates of cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption are 5.19±0.12 ml/100 g/min and 39.9±6.5 μmol/100 g/min, respectively. Of the total glucose consumed by the brain, about 1/4 is contributed by the erythrocytes. An equivalent of about 9% of the consumed glucose is returned to the blood as lactate. Electron microscopic examination of cerebral cortex samples reveals no differences between 5-hr perfused brain and appropriate nonperfused controls. It is concluded that the apparatus is a useful system for organ perfusion and that the canine brain perfused by this method remains physiologically and metabolically active for at least 5 hr.
Optical correction reduces simulator sickness in a driving environment.

OBJECTIVE: We propose and test a method to reduce simulator sickness. BACKGROUND: Prolonged work in driving simulators often leads to nausea and other symptoms summarized as simulator sickness. Visual/vestibular mismatches are a frequently addressed cause; we investigate another possibility, mismatch between actual distance to a screen and depicted distances in the simulator's graphics. METHOD: Drivers negotiated a figure-8 course in a photorealistic simulator. They reported discomfort and vection every 10 minutes up to 40 min. A correction group wore optometric test frames with + 1.75 diopter lenses and prisms to converge parallel lines of sight on a screen 56 cm from the driver's eyes, preserving the normal accommodative convergence-to-accommodation (AC/A) ratio. A control group wore neutral lenses in the same test frames. In other experiments head tilt simulated vestibular experience on curves. RESULTS: The optical correction significantly reduced simulator sickness measured on a 10-point discomfort scale, where I is no problem and 10 is about to vomit. Vection ratings were similar for correction and control groups. Some drivers failed to complete the course because of high discomfort ratings, crashes, or other causes. Head tilt in the direction opposite each curve while wearing the correction did not affect discomfort, while tilt in the same direction as each curve made simulator sickness worse. CONCLUSION: Optical corrections can significantly reduce simulator sickness, though they do not eliminate it. Head tilt while driving is not recommended. Application: Simple optical corrections in spectacle frames, easily purchased at any optical facility, should be used in screen-based driving simulators. Strength of the correction depends on distance from the driver to the screen. Language: en
Approach to Neonatal Seizures

Neonatal seizures can be difficult to recognize given the variation in their presentation. Hence, diagnosis and appropriate treatment may be delayed. Morphology of seizures in this age group is discussed, followed by common etiological entities. Special emphasis is laid on treatable disease states such as vitamin responsive seizure disorders and benign conditions that may not warrant aggressive treatment. Conditions that may have devastating neurological consequences are discussed in some detail so that the treating pediatrician can provide realistic information to the parents of such newborns. Imaging and laboratory workup is outlined, followed by guidelines for ordering and interpreting an electroencephalogram in this age group. Finally, treatment options in the form of antiepileptics are discussed with mention of new avenues for diagnosis and treatment that may become commonly employed in the future.
A min-max cut algorithm for graph partitioning and data clustering

An important application of graph partitioning is data clustering using a graph model - the pairwise similarities between all data objects form a weighted graph adjacency matrix that contains all necessary information for clustering. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for graph partitioning with an objective function that follows the min-max clustering principle. The relaxed version of the optimization of the min-max cut objective function leads to the Fiedler vector in spectral graph partitioning. Theoretical analyses of min-max cut indicate that it leads to balanced partitions, and lower bounds are derived. The min-max cut algorithm is tested on newsgroup data sets and is found to out-perform other current popular partitioning/clustering methods. The linkage-based refinements to the algorithm further improve the quality of clustering substantially. We also demonstrate that a linearized search order based on linkage differential is better than that based on the Fiedler vector, providing another effective partitioning method.
Processing Is Required for a Fully Functional Protein P30 in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Gliding and Cytadherence

The cell wall-less prokaryote Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes bronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans. Mycoplasma attachment to the host respiratory epithelium is required for colonization and mediated largely by a differentiated terminal organelle. P30 is an integral membrane protein located at the distal end of the terminal organelle. The P30 null mutant II-3 is unable to attach to host cells and nonmotile and has a branched cellular morphology compared to the wild type, indicating an important role for P30 in M. pneumoniae biology. P30 is predicted to have an N-terminal signal sequence, but the presence of such a motif has not been confirmed experimentally. In the current study we analyzed P30 derivatives having epitope tags engineered at various locations to demonstrate that posttranslational processing occurred in P30. Several potential cleavage sites predicted in silico were examined, and a processing-defective mutant was created to explore P30 maturation further. Our results suggested that signal peptide cleavage occurs between residues 52 and 53 to yield mature P30. The processing-defective mutant exhibited reduced gliding velocity and cytadherence, indicating that processing is required for fully functional maturation of P30. We speculate that P30 processing may trigger a conformational change in the extracellular domain or expose a binding site on the cytoplasmic domain to allow interaction with a binding partner as a part of functional maturation.
A simple array-based test structure for the AC variability characterization of MOSFETs

A simple array-based test structure has been developed to characterize AC variability in deeply scaled MOSFETs. Each test structure consists of 128 devices under test (DUTs) whose relative delays are characterized using a logic gate-based delay detector circuit. The delay measurement technique only requires a single off-chip DC voltage measurement for each DUT. A design-time optimization is performed on each DUT array to ensure that the measured delays of each DUT primarily reflects its AC, or short time-scale, characteristics rather than previously well-studied DC characteristics such as saturation current, threshold voltage, and channel length. The circuit is implemented in an advanced CMOS SOI technology and occupies an area of 400µm × 20µm. Simulations show that the test circuit effectively isolates the possible presence of AC effects from known DC variation sources for the transistors.
AUF1/hnRNP D is a novel protein partner of the EBER1 noncoding RNA of Epstein-Barr virus

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–infected cells express two noncoding RNAs called EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) 1 and EBER2. Despite their high abundance in the nucleus (about 10 6 copies), the molecular function of these noncoding RNAs has remained elusive. Here, we report that the insertion into EBER1 of an RNA aptamer that binds the bacteriophage MS2 coat protein allows the isolation of EBER1 and associated protein partners. By combining MS2-mediated selection with stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and analysis by mass spectrometry, we identified AUF1 (AU-rich element binding factor 1)/hnRNP D (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D) as an interacting protein of EBER1. AUF1 exists as four isoforms generated by alternative splicing and is best known for its role in destabilizing mRNAs upon binding to AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 39 untranslated region (UTR). Using UV crosslinking, we demonstrate that predominantly the p40 isoform of AUF1 interacts with EBER1 in vivo. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that EBER1 can compete for the binding of the AUF1 p40 isoform to ARE-containing RNA. Given the high abundance of EBER1 in EBV-positive cells, EBER1 may disturb the normal homeostasis between AUF1 and ARE-containing mRNAs or compete with other AUF1-interacting targets in cells latently infected by EBV.
Application of Independent Component Analysis for Gear Diagnosis

In this paper, an independent component analysis (ICA)-based vibration signal processing is proposed for the detection and identification of machinery malfunctions/faults, especially for the gear fault diagnosis. Synchronous signal averaging (SSA) technique is used to enhance the measured vibration signal. The response of gear due to some internal and external excitations can be modelled as the superposition of gear meshing components and the non-harmonic additive noise. The ICA-based signal processing can accurately estimate the gear meshing components and simultaneously reduce the effect of noise. The time-frequency analysis is applied to the estimated gear meshing components. The health condition of the gear is diagnosed by characterizing the time-frequency transforms. The proposed technique is supported by the numerical simulation
Electron microscopy of crazes in glassy polymers: Use of reinforcing impregnants during microtomy

Attempts to prepare undamaged microtomed sections of crazes without reinforcement have failed. Several methods of reinforcing crazes in glassy polymers with impregnants prior to microtomy have been tried. Generalized characteristics of successful impregnant systems are suggested on the basis of this experience. The most successful system has involved the infusion of liquid sulfur into crazes in poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide). After quenching, the solid sulfur reinforces the crazes successfully during microtomy but subsequently sublimes away under vacuum. The resultant, largely undamaged craze structure is seen by transmission electron microscopy to resemble an open-cell foam, the holes and polymer elements of which uniformly average ∼200 A in diameter. A moderate degree of orientation in the original tensile stress direction is observed. Implications drawn from craze structure for the existence of order in the glassy state are discussed.
‘Always Ready and Always Clean’?: Competing Discourses of Breast-feeding, Infant Illness and the Politics of Mother-blame in Bolivia

In this article I explore the multiple and at times conflicting public health and folk discourses which shape breast-feeding practices in Punata, Bolivia. I examine why women may cease to breast-feed despite active efforts made by the healthcare system to promote breast-feeding. Breast-feeding practices are saturated with meaning and circumscribed by time and economic constraints as well as numerous cultural factors. These include conceptualizations of the body, emotions and illnesses that affect infants who are breast-fed, as well as constructions of the mother–infant bond and attitudes about what constitutes ‘good mothering’ and its relationship to gender and class expectations. In this locality, the emotions of lactating women are said to find release through their breast milk and are seen to cause illness in their breast-feeding infants. I explore how mothers accepted, challenged or contested such views, and how they negotiated the politics of blame that emerged regarding who was at fault for their in...
Iteratively reweighted algorithms for compressive sensing

The theory of compressive sensing has shown that sparse signals can be reconstructed exactly from many fewer measurements than traditionally believed necessary. In [1], it was shown empirically that using lscrp minimization with p < 1 can do so with fewer measurements than with p = 1. In this paper we consider the use of iteratively reweighted algorithms for computing local minima of the nonconvex problem. In particular, a particular regularization strategy is found to greatly improve the ability of a reweighted least-squares algorithm to recover sparse signals, with exact recovery being observed for signals that are much less sparse than required by an unregularized version (such as FOCUSS, [2]). Improvements are also observed for the reweighted-lscr1 approach of [3].
High‐Performance MxSb–Al2O3–C (M=Fe, Ni, and Cu) Nanocomposite‐Alloy Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

MxSb–Al2O3–C (M=Fe, Ni, and Cu) nanocomposites were synthesized by mechanochemical reduction of Sb2O3 with Al and other metals (Fe, Ni, and Cu) in the presence of carbon and they were subsequently assessed as potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Various characterization methods, including XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reveal that the as-prepared nanocomposites consist of nanostructured MxSb particles in a matrix of amorphous Al2O3 and conductive carbon. The incorporation of Al2O3 and a conductive metal-support into the Sb–C composite leads to an improved cycle life. The Cu2Sb–Al2O3–C and NiSb–Al2O3–C electrodes show, respectively, 80 and 90 % capacity retention after 70 cycles at a current rate of 100 mA g−1, and the MxSb–Al2O3–C composite anodes display >70 % retention at high current densities of 10 000 mA g−1. These characteristics are attributed to the presence of both a metal framework to support the electrochemically active Sb, which results in a low electrode impedance, and a ceramic oxide and conductive carbon matrix, which reduce the agglomeration of nanoparticles as well as buffer the volume expansion/contraction during alloying/dealloying. Ex situ XRD analysis of the sodium-storage mechanism in MxSb–Al2O3–C composite anodes confirms the formation of a Na3Sb phase during sodiation.
Absolute measurement of LDR brachytherapy source emitted power: Instrument design and initial measurements.

Purpose: Energy-based source strength metrics may find use with model-based dose calculation algorithms, but no instruments exist that can measure the energy emitted from low-dose rate (LDR) sources. This work developed a calorimetric technique for measuring the power emitted from encapsulated low-dose rate, photon-emitting brachytherapy sources. This quantity is called emitted power (EP). The measurement methodology, instrument design and performance, and EP measurements made with the calorimeter are presented in this work. Methods: A calorimeter operating with a liquid helium thermal sink was developed to measure EP from LDR brachytherapy sources. The calorimeter employed an electrical substitution technique to determine the power emitted from the source. The calorimeter’s performance and thermal system were characterized. EP measurements were made using four 125I sources with air-kerma strengths ranging from 2.3 to 5.6 U and corresponding EPs of 0.39–0.79 μW, respectively. Three Best Medical 2301 sources and one Oncura 6711 source were measured. EP was also computed by converting measured air-kerma strengths to EPs through Monte Carlo-derived conversion factors. The measured EP and derived EPs were compared to determine the accuracy of the calorimetermeasurement technique. Results: The calorimeter had a noise floor of 1–3 nW and a repeatability of 30–60 nW. The calorimeter was stable to within 5 nW over a 12 h measurement window. All measured values agreed with derived EPs to within 10%, with three of the four sources agreeing to within 4%. Calorimetermeasurements had uncertainties ranging from 2.6% to 4.5% at the k = 1 level. The values of the derived EPs had uncertainties ranging from 2.9% to 3.6% at the k = 1 level. Conclusions: A calorimeter capable of measuring the EP from LDR sources has been developed and validated for 125I sources with EPs between 0.43 and 0.79 μW.
Virtual Roughness Perception Using Coil Array Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interface: Effects of Torque Feedback

We have recently developed a compact, lightweight platform that can be worn on the finger of the user, so that haptic feedback can be generated directly on the fingertip pad rather than through a grasped instrument handle. A planar array of cylindrical coils and a 3D rigid-body motion tracker generate forces and torques on the magnet in the levitated platform worn by the user. This study compares perception of sinusoidal surface roughness across three different renderings: (1) with no torque feedback, (2) with torque feedback to follow the local surface slope, and (3) with torque feedback to prevent the fingertip from roll and pitch rotations. The results show that perceived roughness decreases with wavelength in all three conditions, but in addition, and independently, there are strong effects of torque feedback.
1414 Insights Into Neonatal Oral Feeding Pathology Through Rna Sequencing of Salivary Samples

Background and Aims To improve our understanding of newborn feeding pathophysiology at the molecular level, our laboratory studies transcripts in neonatal saliva. Previously, we used whole transcriptome microarrays. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sequencing of RNA would provide additional and more specific information. Methods RNA was extracted and prepared for sequencing from salivary samples (10 µL) collected from two term infants matched for post-conceptual age, gender and ethnicity who could and could not orally feed, respectively. Paired-end 100 x 100 base pair sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2000. Sequence data were aligned against human reference genome GRCH37/hg19. Cuffdiff analysis identified differentially expressed genes, promoters, and splicing variants between subjects. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed on statistically significantly differentially expressed genes. Results There were 405 genes, 3 splicing variants, and 2 promoters that were statistically significantly different between case and control. We detected abnormal thyroid function, impaired myelination, and delayed ossification of the mandible in the poor oral feeder (10 –5 –2 ). Genes involved in neurodevelopment, hyperphagia, and adipocyte development were differentially expressed between subjects (10 –3 –2 ). Conclusions Targeted comparative RNA sequencing analyses identify global, and patient specific, aberrations in developmental pathways directly related to oral feeding pathology. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of neonatal salivary sequencing for identifying key regulatory genes and pathways that are differentially expressed and regulated between successful and unsuccessful oral feeders, and suggests that this approach will lead to new insights into neonatal pathophysiology.
Iodine-131 uptake in thymic hyperplasia with atypical computed tomographic features.

A 24-year-old woman with a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma presented with increased thyroglobulin. A whole-body scan performed after 1-131 treatment showed uptake in the anterior mediastinum and the neck. A computed tomographic scan showed a prominent thymus with slightly lobulated borders. This computed tomographic appearance is atypical for thymic hyperplasia, so the possibility of metastatic disease was raised. A right neck dissection, mediastinal exploration, and thymectomy were performed. Pathologic analysis revealed metastatic carcinoma of the right cervical nodes, minimal residual thyroid, and true thymic hyperplasia with no evidence of metastatic carcinoma to the thymus. False-positive anterior mediastinal uptake of radioiodine can be caused by thymic hyperplasia, and thus should be considered even if the thymus has lobulated borders.
Tre decennier av populistiska radikalhögerpartier i Västeuropa

[Three decades of populist radical right parties in Western Europe: So what?] The populist radical right constitutes the most successful party family in post-war Western Europe. Many accounts in both academia and the media warn of the growing influence of populist radical right parties, the so-called right turn of European politics, but few provide empirical evidence of it. This article by Cas Mudde provides a first comprehensive analysis of the alleged effects of the populist radical right on the people, parties, policies and polities of Western Europe. The conclusions are sobering. The effects are largely limited to the broader immigration issue, and even here populist radical right parties should be seen as catalysts rather than initiators. Despite their limited impact there is still reason to believe that the populist radical right parties might increase their influence in the near future. But even in the unlikely event that these parties will become major players in West European politics, it is unlikely that this will lead to a fundamental transformation of the political system. The populist radical right is, according to Mudde, not a normal pathology of European democracy, unrelated to its basic values, but a pathological normalcy , which strives for the radicalisation of mainstream values. Publication history: Translation of the article “Three decades of populist radical right parties in Western Europe: So what?” from European Journal of Political Research , volume 52, number 1 2013 (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2012.02065.x ). (Published 18 April 2016) Citation: Mudde, Cas (2016) “Tre decennier av populistiska radikalhogerpartier i Vasteuropa”, in Det vita faltet III. Samtida forskning om hogerextremism , special issue of Arkiv. Tidskrift for samhallsanalys , issue 5, pp. 67–91. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13068/2000-6217.5.3
Application of weight bearing biplanar stereoradiography in assessment of lower limb deformity

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the agreement between the three-dimensional (3D) weight-bearing radiological measurements of leg deformities in the presence of leg rotation and knee flexion in a biplanar stereoradiography system (EOS imaging) and measurements of computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: Upright biplanar X-rays of six Sawbones; with deformity were registered in no flexion/rotation angle, in 10° and 20° of axial rotation, and 10° and 20° of knee flexion. A CT scan of each bone was registered in supine position, and the 3D reconstruction of each bone was generated. Two-dimensional (2D) lengths and deformity angles were measured on the plain X-rays by two independent observers. Two independent observers generated the 3D reconstructions of the biplanar X-rays and the leg deformity parameters were measured in 3D using custom-developed software. 2D and 3D measurements were compared to CT measurements performed by two observers and repeated three times. The intraclass correlation and limit of agreement between the three measurement techniques were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. Results: The intraclass correlations were good to excellent for the three imaging modalities (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.71-0.95). Frontal deformity angles and lengths were significantly different in the 2D X-rays and CT (P 0.05). Conclusions: The 3D measurements of the weight-bearing biplanar X-rays were comparable to 3D CT in assessment of the lower limb deformity.
Britain and Marshall Aid, 1947–50

General Marshall’s speech at the Harvard Commencement in early June 1947, in which he invited the European nations to prepare a plan for their own rehabilitation which the United States would finance, was not unexpected by the British Government. Sir John Balfour, who was serving in the British Embassy at Washington, reported to the Foreign Office on 29th May that the thoughts of responsible Administration experts seem to be turning in the direction of viewing the problems of foreign aid, beginning with aid to western Europe, in continental rather than in national terms.1
Fast Convergence with q-expectation in EM-based Blind Iterative Detection

We develop the q parameterized expectation maximization (q-EM) algorithm for parameter estimation based on incomplete observations. The q-EM algorithm is a one-parameter generalization of the standard EM algorithm that has been successfully used in many applications. With q-EM algorithm, we investigate iterative schemes for joint channel estimation and signal detection over frequency selective channels. We show that the convergence speed is improved by replacing the standard expectation with q-expectation, which was first introduced in the Tsallis entropy literature. Simulation results with different q values are given. A variable-q strategy is proposed to further improve the system performance.
Practical hardware realizable frame discrimination algorithms for deep fading channels in optical communications

Frame discrimination algorithms are discussed that address the problem of differentiating user frames transmitted asynchronously through optical fading channels. In communications systems where multiple users transmit asynchronously, fading channels can render the received frames unidentifiable at the receiver so that intended user destinations for the frames are then unknown. Algorithms that are readily hardware-realizable are discussed that discriminate user frames so that the frames can be properly delivered at the receiver to intended recipients.