cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood patch for spinal headache

The management of a patient is described who has a blood patch for spinal headache, but who had a recurrence of symptoms 1 day later which was successfully treated by a second patch. A second case is described in which there was a second dural puncture immediately prior to the blood patch and, immediately following the blood patch, the patient complained of severe debilitating 'paralysing' pain in both legs. This pain was of short duration and the blood patch was successful. Some further observations on the use of a blood patch are recorded.
EMS Provider Attitudes and Perceptions of Enrolling Patients without Consent in Prehospital Emergency Research

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes and opinions of a broad population of EMS providers on enrolling patients in research without consent. A survey was conducted in 2010 of all EMS providers who participated in the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) reregistration process, which included half of all registered providers. Each reregistration packet included our optional survey, which had nine 6-point Likert scale questions concerning their opinion of research studies without consent as well as 8 demographic questions. Responses were collapsed to agree and disagree and then analyzed using descriptive statistics with 99% confidence intervals. A total of 65,993 EMS providers received the survey and 23,832 (36%) participated. Most respondents agreed (98.4%, 99%CI: 98.2-98.6) that EMS research is important, but only 30.9% (99%CI: 30.1-31.6) agreed with enrolling patients without their consent when it is important to learn about a new treatment. Only 46.6% (99%Cl: 45.7-47.4) were personally willing to be enrolled in a study without their consent. A majority (68.5% [99%Cl: 67.7-69.3]) of respondents believed that EMS providers should have the individual right to refuse to enroll patients in EMS research. While the majority of respondents agreed that EMS research is important, considerably less agree with enrolling patients without consent and less than half would be willing to be enrolled in a study without their consent. Prior to starting an Exception from Informed Consent (EFIC) study, researchers should discuss with EMS providers their perceptions of enrolling patients without consent and address their concerns.
When in Rome, Do as Jon Stewart Does: Using America: The Book as a Textbook for Introductory-Level Classes in American Politics

This article draws from different experiences in teaching Introduction to American Politics classes over a six-year period. It examines the value of using nontraditional texts in introductory political science classes that may also fulfill general education requirements, in order to engage as many students as possible in the subject matter. It also looks at the ways in which academic rigor and scholarly integrity can be maintained while incorporating less than traditional sources (in this case, Jon Stewart's America: The Book) into class materials. In the end, the article suggests that it may be possible to update introductory American political science class texts to be able to identify with new and unique audiences without sacrificing the standards necessary to ask important questions and foster critical thinking.
Trapping DNA–protein binding reactions with neutral osmolytes for the analysis by gel mobility shift and self-cleavage assays

We take advantage of our previous observation that neutral osmolytes can strongly slow down the rate of DNA-protein complex dissociation to develop a method that uses osmotic stress to 'freeze' mixtures of DNA-protein complexes and prevent further reaction enabling analysis of the products. We apply this approach to the gel mobility shift assay and use it to modify a self-cleavage assay that uses the nuclease activity of the restriction endonucleases to measure sensitively their specific binding to DNA. At sufficiently high concentrations of neutral osmolytes the cleavage reaction can be triggered at only those DNA fragments with initially bound enzyme. The self-cleavage assay allows measurement of binding equilibrium and kinetics directly in solution avoiding the intrinsic problems of gel mobility shift and filter binding assays while providing the same sensitivity level. Here we compare the self-cleavage and gel mobility shift assays applied to the DNA binding of EcoRI and BamHI restriction endonucleases. Initial results indicate that BamHI dissociation from its specific DNA sequence is strongly linked to water activity with the half-life time of the specific complex increasing approximately 20-fold from 0 to 1 osmolal betaine.
Ab initio study of the structure, bonding, vibrational spectra, and energetics of XBS+ (where X=H, F, and Cl).

High level ab initio electronic structure calculations at the CCSD(T) level with augmented correlation-consistent basis set extrapolated to complete basis set limit have been performed on XBS and XBS+ for X=H, F, and Cl. The geometries have been optimized up through the aug-cc-pV5Z level and the vibrational frequencies have been calculated with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets. Analysis of the bonding in XBS and XBS+ using natural bond orbital analysis shows that the BS bond in XBS is a triple bond, while in XBS+ it is a double bond. The energetic properties of XBS cation and its first excited state are reported. The calculated adiabatic ionization potential is 11.11±0.01eV as compared to the experimental value of 11.11±0.03eV for HBS. The adiabatic ionization potentials for FBS and CIBS are 10.89±0.01 and 10.57±0.01eV, respectively.
Determination of pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase and uridine kinase activities by an assay with DEAE-paper discs

Abstract Rapid (6 min washing step) and reliable methods for determining uridine kinase and pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase activities were devised. These procedures, consisting of a spotting technique on DEAE-discs followed by washing and elution, permitted the consistent recovery of about 90% of the nucleoside 5′-phosphate esters formed from radioactive precursors, either uridine or 5-fluorouacil, respectively. Of these precursors, less than 2% were retained on the discs. Direct counting of the discs (without elution), filtration by either gravity or suction, and the use of so-called activation of discs have not proved advantageous.
Secondary Emission from Thin Metal Foils Bombarded with 70-MeV Electrons

The secondary electron emission coefficient from several elements in the form of thin foils has been measured using 70 MeV electrons as bombarding particles. Using foils with different atomic numbers, it was found that the secondary emission coefficient per target electron in the metal is noticeably larger for light elements, especially in cases of beryllium and aluminum. This indicates that metal oxide on the foil surface (Malter effect) is playing a dominant role in the secondary emission of these metals. For other metals, the experimental results seem to indicate a relatively small variation in the secondary emission coefficient per target electron, less than that predicted by V. J. Vanhuyse and R. E. Van de Vijver, but with the same general behavior. The lack of thickness dependence in the case of tantalum coils is in agreement with the extensive experimental work of B. Planskoy and with the theoretical treatment of the secondary emission by Aggson. The secondary electron emission coefficients will be given for the measured foils and the experimental values will be compared with the existing theories. Finally, the construction of a bakeable secondary emission current monitor will be described.
Functional results following surgical repair of simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures.

AbstractBackground: Unilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures are common conditions treated by orthopedic surgeons. There is a paucity of information concerning functional outcomes in bilateral tendon ruptures. The aim of this study is to assess a series of 5 cases with simultaneous quadriceps tendon ruptures that underwent acute surgical repair with the purpose of identifying the functional outcomes as compared with unilateral injuries. We hypothesize that patients with bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures have worse functional outcomes than patients with unilateral ruptures. Methods: Five cases of bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures were identified. All patients underwent acute surgical extensor tendon repair employing a 3-patellar hole and a locked, running, nonabsorbable suture technique followed by a 6-week period of immobilization and bracing for 10 to 12 weeks. Mechanism of injury, medical history, social history, operative report, and postoperative exam were recorded with a minimum 1-year follow-up. ...
Clarifying standpoints in the gray wolf recovery conflict: Procuring management and policy forethought

Top-order predator recovery and conservation is notoriously contentious and often leads to research efforts to understand stakeholder attitudes. Where unfavorable attitudes are identified, efforts have focused on changing those attitudes instead of resolving the underlying conflicts that those attitudes manifest. But, in order to effectively resolve these conflicts, we must first understand and clarify the structure of contending perspectives. We used Q methodology to enable stakeholders to systematically structure their standpoints in the conflict about gray wolf recovery in Washington State. Stakeholders prioritized issues, outlined areas of consensus and disagreement, revealed latent agendas fueling the conflict, and enabled better understanding of stakeholders. Analysis of 32 Q sorts from five stakeholder groups revealed three standpoints: ecological standpoint, emphasizing higher numbers of breeding pairs and improved wolf habitat conditions; incompatibility standpoint, rejecting claims of the urgency for wolf recovery, expressing concerns about the impacts of wolves on prey populations and hunters; and precautionary standpoint, focusing on the extent to which wolves should be recovered. Stakeholders found some level of unanimous agreement on 14 of 56 issues involved in the sorting exercise, including procedures for determining delisting decisions, and collaboration between formal institutions and Native American tribes. Conversely, only five issues were contentious, including whether wolves are needed for biodiversity conservation, and acceptable number of breeding pairs. Results also revealed latent agendas and stakeholder inflexibilities that may render the conflict to appear more contentious than it actually is. Our findings emphasize the importance of systematically structuring stakeholder standpoints in contentious predator recovery and conservation issues. Systematic structures of stakeholder standpoints minimize ambiguity thereby facilitating conflict management and consequent achievement of conservation goals.
Race differences in long-term disability: middle-aged and older American Indians, blacks and whites in Oklahoma.

Abstract This article analyzes long-term disability patterns and measures “excess” disability by race for persons 45 and over in Oklahoma in 1980, using decennial census data. There are large within- and between group differences in disability prevalence lence by age and socioeconomic characteristics. Substantial “excess” disability—defined as disability which might be prevented if “class” differentials were reduced or removed—characterizes minorities and less educated whites. For all races, the more highly educated seem to experience health advantages in terms of prevention or postponement of disability. Implications of the findings are considered.
N-Glycosylation at the SynCAM (Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecule) Immunoglobulin Interface Modulates Synaptic Adhesion

Select adhesion molecules connect pre- and postsynaptic membranes and organize developing synapses. The regulation of these trans-synaptic interactions is an important neurobiological question. We have previously shown that the synaptic cell adhesion molecules (SynCAMs) 1 and 2 engage in homo- and heterophilic interactions and bridge the synaptic cleft to induce presynaptic terminals. Here, we demonstrate that site-specific N-glycosylation impacts the structure and function of adhesive SynCAM interactions. Through crystallographic analysis of SynCAM 2, we identified within the adhesive interface of its Ig1 domain an N-glycan on residue Asn60. Structural modeling of the corresponding SynCAM 1 Ig1 domain indicates that its glycosylation sites Asn70/Asn104 flank the binding interface of this domain. Mass spectrometric and mutational studies confirm and characterize the modification of these three sites. These site-specific N-glycans affect SynCAM adhesion yet act in a differential manner. Although glycosylation of SynCAM 2 at Asn60 reduces adhesion, N-glycans at Asn70/Asn104 of SynCAM 1 increase its interactions. The modification of SynCAM 1 with sialic acids contributes to the glycan-dependent strengthening of its binding. Functionally, N-glycosylation promotes the trans-synaptic interactions of SynCAM 1 and is required for synapse induction. These results demonstrate that N-glycosylation of SynCAM proteins differentially affects their binding interface and implicate post-translational modification as a mechanism to regulate trans-synaptic adhesion.
Large sensor array based on functionalized graphene devices

Graphene has been shown to have an extraordinary set of electronic properties and its chemical affinity is readily tuned by functionalization with a broad range of molecules. It is known that field effect transistors based on single-layer graphene demonstrate extremely high sensitivity for chemical sensing. It is thus very important to achieve fabrication of integrated circuits on large-area graphene in order to realize practical applications, e.g. an advanced “electronic nose” system. Utilizing recent advances in graphene and graphene oxide preparation and functionalization techniques, we aim to achieve fabrication of sensor arrays using conventional photolithography, where signals from the array are coupled to signal-conditioning electronics and sensor responses fed to odor recognition algorithms to perform detection and classification of vapors.
France's Mare Nostrum: colonial and post‐colonial constructions of the French Mediterranean

This article explores the ways French colonial constructions of the ‘Mediterranean’ as a cultural category have been appropriated in contemporary identity politics in North Africa and the North African diaspora in France. Focusing on colonial Algeria, I examine the relationship between two different constructions of trans‐Mediterranean unity ‐ primeval commonality versus hybridity ‐ directed alternately at Berber tribal subjects and European settlers. I argue that these two visions continue to underwrite contemporary projects for regional economic and political integration, as well as a diverse set of social imaginaires outlined by Amazigh and Beur militants in their writings and cultural political activities.
Some pharmacological properties of the venom, venom fractions and pure toxin of the yellow‐bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus

The effects of the crude venom, four partially purified venom fractions and pure toxin (Pelamis toxin alpha) from yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, on respiration, blood pressure, heart and skeletal muscle of rabbits have been examined. Results indicated that crude venom, a partially purified toxic fraction and Pelamis toxin alpha caused initial respiratory stimulant effects followed by respiratory paralysis. In most cases, respiratory paralysis occurred before a profound fall in arterial pressure. Depression of the twitch response to nerve stimulation was observed in the tibialis anterior muscle. No significant change in the electrocardiogram was seen. Three partially purified non-toxic fractions of the crude venom induced transient respiratory stimulant effects. It was concluded that the crude venom and Pelamis toxin alpha had an identical mode of action and that they caused respiratory paralysis in rabbits.
Catalyst effects found in thermal and mass spectrometric analyses of polycarboxylic acids used as durable press reactants for cotton

Effective polycarboxylic acids (PCAs) crosslink cotton cellulose by an ester linkage and smooth-drying fabrics are produced. The presence of a catalyst improves the crosslinking reaction. A series of seven PCAs was examined by thermal analytical (TA) and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. The focus of this research was to discover if catalyst effects were measurable by TA and MS and to seek additional support for a proposed mechanism of cellulose/organic acid reactivity via acid anhydride formation. Thermal analyses consisted of differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) procedures. MS analyses, using the electron impact mode, were performed by direct probe sample insertion. Observed catalyst effects included shifts in peak positions to lower temperature/time, and were noticeable primarily in MS-reconstructed ion current chromatograms and DSC thermograms. Two TG parameters, the amount of residue produced and the rates of weight loss, offer ways to predict the effectiveness of a PCA with respect to smooth-drying character. The presence of the catalyst influenced both measurements in desirable directions. Finally, the catalyst did not alter TG water loss data that support the proposed mechanism of reaction with cellulose via an anhydride intermediate.
PHASE SEPARATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLUID MIXTURES IN THE DISSIPATIVE REGIME

The phase separation of two-dimensional fluid mixtures was investigated with Molecular Dynamics simulations. The behavior of both single-component and binary mixtures as a function of temperature, volume fraction and average fluid density was studied. Binary systems with a size mismatch were also considered. In all cases, the diffusive coalescence of clusters is the primary mechanism of growth. In binary systems, the shape transformations of merging droplets induce important long-range flows at high volume fractions.
Acquired Von Willebrand’s Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is an uncommon, underdiagnosed, and heterogeneous disease which is increasingly recognized as a cause of bleeding diatheses. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an infrequent cause of AVWS. Herein, we report a case of AVWS diagnosed during the initial presentation of SLE in a previously healthy young man with no family history of bleeding diathesis who presented with worsening epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and anasarca. He was found to have severe anemia and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with severely decreased levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) measurements in addition to markedly decreased factor VIII levels. Further evaluation revealed nephrotic syndrome and interstitial lung disease due to SLE. He initially received combination therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrates without significant improvement. Treatment with steroids, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab was followed by clinical improvement evidenced by cessation of bleeding. The short follow-up did not allow us to definitely prove the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressive treatment on AVWS in SLE patients. This case adds to the literature supporting the relationship between AVWS and SLE and highlights the importance of combination therapy in the treatment of severe AVWS as well as the role of IVIG, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab in AVWS associated with SLE.
The effect of gender and gestational diabetes mellitus on cord leptin concentration

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of neonatal sex and gestational diabetes mellitus on cord leptin concentration and to determine whether cord leptin has a stronger correlation with fat mass compared with birth weight or lean body mass. We hypothesized that there are no significant differences in fetal leptin concentration between male and female or between neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and control neonates, when adjusted for body composition. Study Design: Cord blood leptin concentrations were measured in newborn infants of 78 women (44 control neonates and 34 gestational diabetes mellitus). Of the 78 neonates, 32 babies were female, and 46 babies were male. Birth weights were measured with a calibrated scale, and body compositions were measured by total body electrical conductivity. Results: Estimated mean gestational age at delivery was 39.1 ± 1.1 weeks for control neonates versus 38.6 ± 1.3 weeks for neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus ( P =.01). The fat mass for the control neonates and neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus was 0.36 ± 0.15 kg versus 0.48 ± 0.21 kg ( P =.01); the percent body fat for the control neonates and neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus was 10.5% ± 3.8% versus 13.2% ± 4.3% ( P =.006), respectively. There was no significant difference in cord leptin concentration between male and female neonates (16.0 ± 13.8 ng/dL vs 12.7 ± 12.8 ng/dL, P =.24). Cord leptin concentrations (18.1 ± 16.2 ng/dL vs 10.9 ± 9.5 ng/dL, P =.02) were significantly greater in neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus than in control neonates. In all subjects, cord leptin was significantly correlated with percent body fat ( r = 0.51, P r = 0.49, P r = 0.25, P =.03). After the adjustment for fat mass, there was no significant difference in cord leptin concentration between control neonates and neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus ( P =.20), but there was a significant difference between male and female neonates ( P =.04). However, when an adjustment was made for both fat mass and lean body mass, there was no longer a significant difference between male and female neonates ( P =.12) Conclusion: The differences in cord leptin concentration between male and female neonates and between infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and control neonates are related to differences in body composition. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:798-803.)
Race, sex, and fashion innovativeness: A replication

This article reports a study of differences in self-reported fashion innovativeness, fashion opinion leadership, and spending for new fashions between middle-class blacks and whites of both sexes. The data was obtained by a mail survey from a random sample of 568 consumers from five states. Analysis of covariance with the effects of age and income controlled indicated (1) a strong main effect for sex, with women reporting greater fashion innovativeness, opinion leadership, and spending than men; (2) a weak main effect for race, with blacks reporting greater innovativeness, opinion leadership, and spending than whites. The difference between the sexes was larger than the difference between races, and no interaction effects were observed.
Peroxidase and catalase activities are involved in direct adventitious shoot formation induced by thidiazuron in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) zygotic embryos.

Abstract We reported establishment of an efficient plant regeneration procedure through direct adventitious shoot (DAS) formation from cotyledons and hypocotyls of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) mature embryos in this investigation. Multiple DASs were initiated from cotyledons of embryos on PS medium containing N6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ), or kinetin (KIN). Among different concentrations of casein enzymatic hydrosylate (CH) and glutamine used in this study, 500 mg l−1 CH or 600 mg l−1 glutamine induced the highest frequency of DAS formation. Rooting of regenerated shoots was obtained on PS medium supplemented with 0.01–0.1 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) with the highest frequency on medium containing 0.01 μM IAA. No DASs were obtained on medium without TDZ. Measurement of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity during direct shoot induction and differentiation demonstrated that the lowest POD activity appeared in the 5–6th week of culture and lowest CAT activity occurred in the 7–8th week of culture on medium with TDZ. No such a change in POD and CAT activities was observed on medium without TDZ. These results demonstrated that POD and CAT activities were involved in DAS formation induced by TDZ in eastern white pine.
Immune response to a mucosally administered aflatoxin B1 vaccine

Abstract In the present study, a mucosal vaccine was used in an effort to elicit serum IgG and intestinal secretory IgA against the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB) in chickens. AFB was coupled to carrier proteins (BSA and porcine thyroglobulin) for use as a vaccine and ELISA coating antigen, respectively. Seven-day-old broiler chicks were divided into groups of 10 and immunized with one of four vaccine preparations: 1) AFB-BSA conjugate alone, 2) AFB-BSA linked to the B subunit of the recombinant heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (rLT-B), 3) AFB-BSA admixed with rLT-B, or 4) AFB-BSA mixed with cholera toxin (CT). Each vaccine preparation was administered perorally, intrarectally, or intraperitoneally, with a booster immunization given 2 wk later. Sera and feces were collected weekly and assayed using isotype specific ELISA. All three routes of immunization elicited significant serum IgG responses; however, the intraperitoneal route was strongest for all vaccine preparations tested. The serum IgG immune response to the AFB-BSA conjugate was enhanced by co-administration of rLT-B but not by covalent coupling to rLT-B or coadministration with CT. Secretory IgA anti-CT and anti-rLT-B antibodies were detected in fecal supernatants, but no anti-AFB responses could be detected. As all 12 treatment groups produced significant levels of serum IgG anti-AFB, any of these approaches, including oral administration without adjuvant, may afford the chicken some level of protection through simple immuno-interception of free AFB.
Pharmacological treatment of paraphilias with a focus on antidepressants

This article reviews the advances in pharmacotherapy of paraphilias. Antiandrogen hormones, phenothiazines, and lithium therapy of paraphilias is briefly reviewed. Pharmacotherapy of paraphilias with serotonergic drugs such as fluoxetine, clomipramine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine is reviewed in detail. In addition, the use of buspirone hydrochloride in paraphilias is discussed. The final focus of the article is on the etiologic theories of paraphilias and some practical advice for the pharmacotherapy and management of paraphilias.
Modeling Behavioral Reactivity to Losses and Rewards on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART): Moderation by Alcohol Problem Severity

The relationship between risk-taking behavior and substance dependence has proven to be complex, particularly when examining across participants expressing a range of substance use problem severity. While main indices of risk-taking in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) positively associate with problematic alcohol use in adolescent populations (e.g., MacPherson, Magidson, Reynolds, Kahler, & Lejuez, 2010), several studies have observed a negative relationship when examining behavior within adult substance using populations (Ashenhurst, Jentsch, & Ray, 2011; Campbell, Samartgis, & Crowe, 2013). To examine potential mechanisms that underlie this negative relationship, we implemented multilevel regression models on trial-by-trial BART data gathered from 295 adult problem drinkers. These models accounted for participant behavior on trials following balloon bursts or cash outs as indices of loss and reward reactivity, respectively, and included control variables including age, IQ, and individual delay discounting rate. Results revealed that individual trial pumping was significantly predicted by trial number, and by whether or not the previous trial was a big burst or a big cash out (i.e., large magnitude of potential gains) in a manner consistent with a "near-miss" effect. Furthermore, severity of alcohol problems moderated the effect of a previous trial big burst, but not of a big cash out, on subsequent trial behavior such that those with greater severity demonstrated relative insensitivity to this "near-miss" effect. These results extend previous studies suggesting that alcohol abusers are less risky on the BART by specifying a mechanism underlying this pattern, namely, diminished reactivity to large magnitude losses.
Theoretical study of subluxation in early Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

The relationship between mechanical subluxation and femoral head necrosis geometry in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCP) was investigated with a three-dimensional rigid body-spring method hip model. Femoral head models with progressively larger regions of necrosis, corresponding to the four Catterall grades, were placed in a spherical acetabular model and studied in static single-limb stance configuration, with variable mechanical rigidity of the necrotic segment. The degree of subluxation was dependent on the geometric region of involvement, mechanical properties of the segment, and direction of loading force. In general, femoral head subluxation was always in the direction of the necrosis, modified by the anatomic and force environment. In the neutral position, the Catterall 1 models exhibited minimal subluxation. The Catterall II model subluxated anteriorly as collapse occurred, and the Catterall III model subluxated anteriorly and superiorly. Lateral subluxation could be produced by changing the loading force to a more vertical orientation. The Catterall IV model collapsed directly along the line of force application rather than subluxating. Reorientation of models with minor necrosis could improve stability, but reorientation of models with extensive necrosis had minimal effect on subluxation behavior. Higher-grade LCP involvement may lead to early subluxation, particularly anteriorly, which is difficult to visualize radiographically. The appearance of lateral subluxation may signal a change in the mechanical environment of the hip from clinical progression of the disease. Femoral head reorientation (osteotomy) may improve femoral head stability when necrosis is limited but is unlikely to reduce subluxation or collapse when extensive necrosis is present.
Effects of Variability in Fundamental Frequency on L2 Vocabulary Learning: A Comparison between Learners Who Do and Do Not Speak a Tone Language.

Previous studies (Barcroft & Sommers, 2005; Sommers & Barcroft, 2007) have demonstrated that variability in talker, speaking style, and speaking rate positively affect second language vocabulary learning, whereas variability in overall amplitude and fundamental frequency (F0) do not, at least for native English speakers. Sommers and Barcroft (2007) hypothesized that English speakers do not benefit (with regard to second language vocabulary learning) from amplitude and F0 variability because these are not phonetically relevant to them. The present study further tested this hypothesis by examining effects of F0 variability among adults who speak a tone language (Zapotec-Spanish bilinguals) and those who do not speak a tone language (Spanish speakers with substantial knowledge of English). Participants attempted to learn 24 Russian words while hearing the words and viewing their corresponding pictures. Three levels of F0 variability were compared. Fundamental frequency variability significantly improved vocabulary learning for speakers of the tone language (Zapotec) but not for the Spanish speakers. This result provides strong evidence that effects of acoustic variability on learning new word forms depend on phonetic relevance.
Ultrastructure of the larval compound setae of the polychaete Nereis vexillosa grube.

Larval compound (jointed) setae of the polychaete Nereis vexillosa Grube were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by polarization microscopy. Long-bladed spinigers and short-bladed falcigers are described. The proximal shaft of each of these types of setae flares distally into a serrated collar and encloses the proximal end of a toothed blade. The collar projects on one side as a boss. The blade and the cortex of the shaft have longitudinal channels. A large excentric cavity in the shaft (the medullary channel) contains a loose meshwork of trabeculae. In the distal part of the shaft these trabeculae are aggregated into diaphragms. The seta is invested with an electron dense layer of enamel. Juvenile setae contain both chitin and protein. With respect to the long axis of the seta, the blade and the cortex of the shaft are positively birefringent and the medullary diaphragms are negatively birefringent. KOH extraction renders the setae negative to a test for protein and reverses the sign of birefringence of the cortical material of the shaft.
Glass-formation and crystallization kinetics

Abstract A review is presented of several aspects of crystallization processes in glass and their impact on glass-forming ability. Herein, both isothermal and non-isothermal processes are considered. For isothermal crystallization processes, generalizations of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory are described and the status of certain features of nucleation rate and crystal growth calculations in glasses are given. For non-isothermal crystallization, some features of DTA/DSC analyses and critical cooling rate calculations for glass-formation are discussed, and generalizations of the standard theory for computation of the fraction crystallized are presented.
The Levellers and Natural Law: The Putney Debates of 1647

Natural law is one of the oldest concepts in Western philosophy. When the Psalmist asked Yahweh, “What is man that Thou art mindful of him,” he was struggling with the same problem that occupied thoughtful men in Greece: the need to understand man as he is and in his potentiality. Unlike the unknown Biblical poet, however, Plato and Aristotle found an answer with the aid of reason rather than revelation. For them, man is an entity in process of becoming, possessing an essential, cognizable nature that gives rise to certain inclinations he must fulfill. Until the Enlightenment, the idea of man's nature and his need to realize it served as the focus of much of secular thought, out of which developed principles of government and a distinctive ethic. But ordinary people were touched only by the practical consequences of such things. The great law codes and the teachings of the church combined with philosophy to work out the individual's relationship to others according to a teleological conception of law rooted in the very nature of things. Understandably, the ontological theses and conclusions drawn from the theory of natural law remained irrelevant and unknown to common folk.In the midst of the English Civil War, the concept appeared in the welter of disputes and conflicting plans for the revitalization of all aspects of English life, invoked by ordinary men who were neither philosophers nor theologians, neither jurists nor statesmen. This paper considers the use of natural law by one group, the Levellers, at a dramatic moment in the turbulent period following the king's imprisonment.
Simultaneous green and red lasing in a single CdSSe heterostructure nanosheet at room temperature

We report simultaneous lasing in green and red colors at room temperature from a single CdSSe heterostructure nanosheet. The 51 nm wavelength separation exceeds the typical gain bandwidth of a single composition material.
Complexity Leadership in Bureaucratic Forms of Organizing: A Meso Model

Abstract We consider Complexity Leadership Theory [Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The Leadership Quarterly .] in contexts of bureaucratic forms of organizing to describe how adaptive dynamics can work in combination with administrative functions to generate emergence and change in organizations. Complexity leadership approaches are consistent with the central assertion of the meso argument that leadership is multi-level, processual, contextual, and interactive. In this paper we focus on the adaptive function, an interactive process between adaptive leadership (an agentic behavior) and complexity dynamics (non-agentic social dynamics) that generates emergent outcomes (e.g., innovation, learning, adaptability) for the firm. Propositions regarding the actions of complexity leadership in bureaucratic forms of organizing are offered.
Nurses' Attitudes Toward Pregnancy Termination in the Labor and Delivery Setting

Objective: To examine nurses' attitudes toward pregnancy termination in the labor and delivery setting and the frequency of nurse refusal to care for patients undergoing pregnancy termination. Design: Nonexperimental, descriptive study. Setting: Six central and northern California hospitals, including Level 1, 2, and 3 facilities. Participants: Seventy‐five labor and delivery registered nurses. Method: Anonymous survey with visual analog scales. Results: Ninety‐five percent of the nurses indicated they would agree to care for patients terminating a pregnancy because of fetal demise, 77% would care for patients terminating a fetus with anomalies that were incompatible with life, and 37% would care for patients terminating for serious but nonlethal anomalies, with a significant drop in agreement as gestation advanced. Few nurses would agree to care for patients undergoing termination for sex selection, selective reduction, or personal reasons. Nurses both accepting and refusing patient care assignments were criticized by coworkers. Conclusion: Clear guidelines should be established on how to handle nurse refusal to care for patients terminating pregnancy in advance. Open discussions should be encouraged between staff and management to minimize criticism.
New data set on surface radiation budget available on-line

A new long-term global data set of monthly average surface shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes extending from July 1983 to June 1991 is now available. It is the product of computationally fast radiative transfer algorithms that compute global surface radiative fluxes using satellite data. The data set can be used in the development of general circulation models and in climate studies, including those that examine surface processes and interannual climate anomalies such as El Nino/Southern Oscillation and regional floods and droughts.
Implementing electronic data interchange in the library acquisitions environment

The maturation of integrated library systems has permitted the implementation of electronic transmission of business transactions between the library and its vendors. This electronic processing has been referred to as electronic data interchange or simply EDI. After briefly describing the ED1 concept and the advantages of using ED1 for library acquisitions, I will discuss the precursors to implementing EDI in the library acquisitions environment. In conclusion, I will suggest the implications for further developments in this area. Electronic data interchange is the telephonic exchange, between trading partners, of routine business transactions in highly structured electronic formats, without human intervention. Xl2 is the standard adopted by the business community as the format to be used for the electronic exchange of business transactions. EDI offers many potential advantages for the library acquisitions process. Productivity can be significantly increased because data elements in business documents, which normally would require manual keying and rekeying, may be imported and exported electronically instead. The quality of records is enhanced because the transfer of data eliminates potential errors generated during repetitive manual inputting of data. Electronic transfer of data eliminates the inherent delays of the postal process and manual processing of acquisitions correspondence. Meaningful EDI processing requires records that are complete, accurate, and integrated. Effective records management is desirable in itself but it is essential for EDI. Lastly and most importantly, ED1 facilitates a management-by-exception approach to the acquisitions process. Routine business activities are more efficiently processed, which, in turn, permits limited staff resources to be used for exceptional situations. Five elements are necessary to implement the ED1 process for library acquisitions. The first requirement for ED1 implementation is the presence of a fully integrated library system. The
A Trypanosoma brucei Protein Complex That Binds G-overhangs and Co-purifies with Telomerase Activity

The chromosomal ends of Trypanosoma brucei, like those of most eukaryotes, contain conserved 5′-TTAGGG-3′ repeated sequences and are maintained by the action of telomerase. Fractionated T. brucei cell extracts with telomerase activity were used as a source of potential regulatory factors or telomerase-associated components that might interact withT. brucei telomeres. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and UV cross-linking were used to detect possible single-stranded telomeric protein·DNA complexes and to estimate the approximate size of the protein constituents. Three single-stranded telomeric protein·DNA complexes were observed. Complex C3 was highly specific for the G-strand telomeric repeat sequence and shares biochemical characteristics with G-rich, single-stranded telomeric binding proteins and with components of the telomerase holoenzyme described in yeast, ciliates, and humans. Susceptibility to RNase A or chemical nuclease (hydroxyl radical) pre-treatment showed that complex C3 was tightly associated with an RNA component. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was used to estimate the molecular mass of the peptides obtained by in-gel Lys-C digestion of low abundance C3-associated proteins. The molecular masses of the peptides showed no homologies with other proteins from trypanosomes or with any protein in the data bases screened.
The use of obscene words in the therapeutic relationship.

In summary, it has been pointed out that Ferenczi's insights into the nature of obscene words might be reconsidered and fruitfully expanded. A first refinement was to note that affect attached to obscence words is elicited in specific interpersonal contexts rather than as a general property of such words. From this initial statement it seemed to follow that the timing of the use of obscene words is important in therapy. If the affect attached to such words is to be elicited, it was suggested that the therapist must not use obscene words himself or press the patient to use them too early in therapy. The therapist must first be perceived as a “significant other.”
Visualizing and Analyzing the Mona Lisa

As technologies for acquiring 3D data and algorithms for constructing integrated models evolve, very large data sets representing objects or environments are emerging in various application areas. As a result, significant research in computer graphics has aimed to interactively render such models on affordable commodity computers. Interest is growing in the possibility of integrating real-time analysis and transformation tools in interactive visualization environments as they become more available.
Receptor binding characteristics of a 3H-labeled azetidine analogue of nicotine

Abstract A new radioligand, (±)-[ 3 H ]-1- methyl -2-(3- pyridyl )- azetidine , which is an analogue of nicotine, has been used to investigate the binding characteristics of the nicotinic receptor in rat brain membranes. By Scatchard analysis, the azetidine analogue yielded a curvilinear plot with K d values of 7 × 10 −11 and 1.7 × 10 −9 M and B max values of 0.3 × 10 −14 and 2.5 × 10 −14 mol/mg protein respectively. Thermodynamic analyses yielded negative free enthalpy values for both sites, a decrease in the B max of only the lower affinity site, and no effect on either K d . The psychotropic potency (prostration in rats following intraventricular injection) of the azetidine analogue was about 5-fold greater than (−)-nicotine, being among the greatest of any known nicotine analogues tested to date. Since only the higher affinity K d differed from that of (−)-nicotine, 3-fold greater, the psychotropic potency appears to be correlated with the higher affinity site. Insofar as [ 3 H]methylcarbamylcholine, a nicotinic ligand resembling acetylcholine, exhibits a linear Scatchard with a K d of 1 × 10 −9 M, the higher affinity site appears to be characterisic of nicotine analogues.
A spatial risk analysis of tornado-induced human injuries and fatalities in the USA

Tornadoes are the most violent atmospheric hazards in the world in terms of human fatalities, injuries, and economic damages. The USA, especially the south and central states, faces numerous tornado disasters. However, there is a lack of good models for reliable tornado risk analysis. This research develops two spatial risk analysis models, base model and location quotient model, for the forty-eight continental US states, using a database for all tornadoes reported during 1950–2012. The models are based on state-level expected losses, standard deviations, and their corresponding state-level percentages, ranges, and ranks of tornado-induced human injuries and fatalities. The models are validated using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations and scatter plots for samples and population of the tornado database. The results show that the models perform well in terms of yielding consistent expected tornado risks and related measures at the state level. The models serve as good alternatives to existing models for spatial tornado risks and ranks in the USA.
Hydrogen production by marine photosynthetic bacteria: Effect of environmental factors and substrate specificity on the growth of a hydrogen-producing marine photosynthetic bacterium, Chromatium sp. Miami PBS 1071

Abstract The growth potential of the marine Chromatium sp. Miami PBS 1071, a strain of photosynthetic bacteria exhibiting high hydrogen-production capabilities, was studied. This strain, isolated by our laboratory from the subtropical marine environment, grows well at high light intensities (light saturation: 140 μEinstein m−2s−1), high temperatures (optimum: 34°C), salinities normally found in marine environments (optimum: 30‰) and slightly basic pHs (optimum: 7.4–8.1). This strain grows in sulfide concentrations of 0.5–2.5 mM, and oxygen less than 4%. The growth rate in terms of doubling time was 1.75 h, which is one of the fastest rates observed for marine photosynthetic bacteria. Thus, the strain would be well suited for application to a saltwater-based tropical or subtropical outdoor mass-culturing system linked to bio-solar hydrogen-production technologies. This strain cannot utilize carbohydrates for growth but can employ various other carbon and nitrogen compounds. Besides the subject of utilization, the contribution of this work to the study of primary productivity and ecology in tropical and subtropical marine environments is discussed.
Recent advancement on the NDE of structures by means of highly nonlinear solitary waves

In this paper, we propose the use of highly nonlinear solitary waves (HNSWs) for the nondestructive evaluation of aluminum lap-joints bonded by high-strength two ton epoxy. A HNSW transducer was used to generate and detect the propagation of incident and reflected HNSWs. The time of flight and amplitude ratio of the reflected HNSW were adopted to interpret the bonding condition of aluminum lap-joints. Two experiments are reported. In the first experiment we monitor the curing process of a two-ton epoxy at aluminum lap-joints. In the second experiment we detect different bonding condition of aluminum lap-joints such as good bonding, fair bonding (with undesired resin to hardener ratios), slide bonding, and no bonding, after the epoxy was fully cured. The results of experiments show the proposed method is able to detect different bonding conditions of aluminum lap-joints.