cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of aircraft flight controllers using nonlinear robustness analysis techniques

The current practice to validate flight control laws relies on applying linear analysis tools to assess the closed loop stability and performance characteristics about many trim conditions. Nonlinear simulations are used to provide further confidence in the linear analyses and also to uncover dynamic characteristics, e.g. limit cycles, which are not revealed by the linear analysis. This chapter reviews nonlinear analysis techniques which can be applied to systems described by polynomial dynamic equations. The proposed approach is to approximate the aircraft dynamics using polynomial models. Nonlinear analyses can then be solved using sum-of-squares optimization techniques. The applicability of these methods is demonstrated with nonlinear analyses of an F/A-18 aircraft and NASA’s Generic Transport Model aircraft. These nonlinear analysis techniques can fill the gap between linear analysis and nonlinear simulations and hence used to provide additional confidence in the flight control law performance.
The application of goal programming techniques to the CPM problem

Abstract This paper demonstrates how goal programming (GP) can be used to incorporate considerations other than project completion time and total project cost into the typical CPM problem. In particular, factors such as share of the market, completion time of individual jobs, contractual agreements, and scarcity of resources such as men, materials and machines are taken into consideration. An example is provided to illustrate the use of the GP approach in a CPM problem.
What Is the True Color of Fresh Meat? A Biophysical Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment Investigating the Effects of Ligand Binding on Myoglobin Using Optical, EPR, and NMR Spectroscopy

With an increased focus on integrated upper-level laboratories, we present an experiment integrating concepts from inorganic, biological, and physical chemistry content areas. Students investigate the effects of ligand strength on the spectroscopic properties of the heme center in myoglobin using UV−vis, 1H NMR, and EPR spectroscopies. This upper-level undergraduate laboratory is set in the context of understanding why meat is packaged under an atmosphere of CO and can be completed in two 3−4 h laboratory periods.
Surgeon and nonsurgeon personalities at different career points.

Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated correlations between personality traits and job performance and satisfaction. Evidence suggests that personality differences exist between surgeons and nonsurgeons, some of which may develop during medical training. Understanding these personality differences may help optimize job performance and satisfaction among surgical trainees and be used to identify individuals at risk of burnout. This study aims to identify personality traits of surgeons and nonsurgeons at different career points. Materials and methods We used The Big Five Inventory, a 44-item measure of the five factor model. Personality data and demographics were collected from responses to an electronic survey sent to all faculty and house staff in the Departments of Surgery, Medicine, and Family Medicine at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. Data were analyzed to identify differences in personality traits between surgical and nonsurgical specialties according to level of training and to compare surgeons to the general population. Results One hundred ninety-two house staff and faculty in surgery and medicine completed the survey. Surgeons scored significantly higher on conscientiousness and extraversion but lower on agreeableness compared to nonsurgeons (all P Conclusions There appears to be inherent personality differences between surgical and nonsurgical specialties. The use of personality testing may be a useful adjunct in the residency selection process for applicants deciding between surgical and nonsurgical specialties. It may also facilitate early intervention for individuals at high risk for burnout and job dissatisfaction.
Initial symptoms, precipitant factors, and techniques to control epileptic seizures: The carer's perspective

Subjective experiences of seizures and events that occur prior to seizures may be useful in assisting health professionals to devise treatment plans tailored to the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate carers’ knowledge of their patients’ preseizure activity. Of 240 questionnaires mailed out to registrants on an epilepsy research database, 78 were anonymously returned (32.5%). Participants were aged between 18 and 89, with a mean age of 50.94 years (SD = 17.23), and 82.1% were female. Of 78 participants, 74.4% reported that their patients experienced at least one symptom prior to a seizure, 88.5% reported that their patients experienced at least one seizure as a result of a specific event, and 56.4% reported that their patients had tried at least one technique to stop a seizure. The rates reported are comparable to those reported in other studies measuring responses from people with epilepsy.
Delayed sensory-motor processing following cerebral damage.

Summary Based on a previous finding that patients who have unilateral cerebral damage show a unilateral delay in sensory processing, the present study was done to determine whether such delay has consequences for the organization of action. Nineteen left hemiplegic and 19 control patients who showed no evidence of central nervous system disorder were examined utilizing simple reaction time to lateraUy applied mild electric current as the response indicator. Stimulation of the two sides was subjectively equated and a non-lateralized common response (vocalization) was used to rule out the possible effects of lateralized changes in sensory sensitivity and motor effectiveness. The hemiplegic patients showed significantly longer reaction times to stimulation of the left than of the right side in contrast to the controls who showed no such lateral differences in reaction time. The findings were interpreted as showing that delayed sensory information processing which is associated with cerebral damage has functional consequences not only for perception and awareness, as was previously found, but also for the organization of action.
Metropolitan natural area protection to maximize public access and species representation

In response to widespread urban development, local governments in metropolitan areas in the United States acquire and protect privately-owned open space. We addressed the planner's problem of allocating a fixed budget for open space protection among eligible natural areas with the twin objectives of maximizing public access and species representation. Both objectives were incorporated into a discrete, 0-1 integer optimization model and applied to a problem with 68 sites, 61 species, and 34 towns in the Chicago metropolitan area. Increasing required species representation reduced the maximum number of towns with access to reserves, and the tradeoff between species representation and site accessibility increased as the budget was reduced. The definition of site accessibility affected optimal reserve design. A town had access if a specified number of reserves was located within a specified distance from the town. Increasing the distance standard resulted in more, smaller sites protected in a uniform spatial pattern. Increasing the minimum number of sites required to be within a distance standard caused the selection of clusters of sites near a few towns. The study adds a new dimension to reserve site selection models by including site accessibility as a goal.
New compounds: Preparation of Oxime Esters from 1-Azabicyclo[4.4.0]decane-4-one

The synthesis of two new oxime esters is described. Preliminary results of pharmacological tests are also reported.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Behavior Problems in Preschool Children from Low-Income Families: Comparison of Reports from Mothers and Teachers

This study compared behavior problems of children of mothers with elevated depressive symptoms and children of mothers with non-elevated depressive symptoms, using the same measure for mothers and teachers. Participants included 914 mother–teacher dyads of low-income children (M age of child = 62.9 months, SD = 4.0) who participated in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Mothers completed a shortened version of CES-D to evaluate their own depressive symptoms. Teachers and mothers completed the Family and Child Experiences Survey Interviews (FACES) to assess children’s behavior problems. The results showed that children of mothers with elevated depressive symptoms-higher than the cut-off score for possible depression- showed higher aggressive and hyperactive behaviors than did children of mothers with non-elevated depressive symptoms according to the mothers’ rating; however, teachers rated the children no differently. Both mothers and teachers reported higher internalizing behaviors in children of mothers with elevated depressive symptoms than did those of mothers with non-elevated depressive symptoms. Maternal depressive symptoms moderated the relations between informants (mothers and teachers) and externalizing behaviours (aggressive and hyperactive) of children. These findings underscore the need for research in different settings such as at home and at school, to measure children’s behavior problems in order to gain a more comprehensive perspective on child functioning. Results suggest an emphasis on intervention or prevention programs targeting internalizing behavior problems, specifically for children of depressed mothers in low-income families.
Habitat use by the endangered Karner blue butterfly in oak woodlands : the influence of canopy cover

Abstract The Karner blue butterfly Lycaeides melissa samuelis is an endangered species residing in the Great Lakes and northeastern regions of the United States. Increased canopy cover is a major factor implicated in the decline of the Karner blue at many locales. Therefore, we examined how the butterfly's behavior varied with canopy cover. Adult males at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore used habitat under canopy openings for nearly 90% of their activities; females used openings and shaded areas more equally. The frequency of oviposition on the sole host plant, wild lupine Lupinus perennis, was highest under 30–60% canopy cover even though lupine was more abundant in more open areas. Larvae fed preferentially on larger lupine plants and on lupines in denser patches. However, lupines were generally larger in the shade. Therefore, shade-related trade-offs existed between lupine abundance and distribution of larval feeding and oviposition. Also, heterogeneity of shading by sub-canopy woody vegetation was greater at oviposition sites than at sites where lupine did not grow. Given the importance of shade heterogeneity, a mixture of canopy openings and shade, on a scale similar to daily adult movement range, should be beneficial for this butterfly.
The Gross–Kohnen–Zagier theorem over totally real fields

On Shimura varieties of orthogonal type over totally real fields, we prove a product formula and the modularity of Kudla’s generating series of special cycles in Chow groups.
Palm: easing the burden of analytical performance modeling

Analytical (predictive) application performance models are critical for diagnosing performance-limiting resources, optimizing systems, and designing machines. Creating models, however, is difficult because they must be both accurate and concise. To ease the burden of performance modeling, we developed Palm (Performance and Architecture Lab Modeling tool), a modeling tool that combines top-down (human-provided) semantic insight with bottom-up static and dynamic analysis. First, Palm provides a source code modeling annotation language for abstracting or expressing complexity. Second, Palm generates hierarchical models according to well-defined rules. Since a model's hierarchy is defined by static and dynamic source code structure, there is a link between a program's organization and its model. By coordinating models and source code, Palm's models are 'first-class' and reproducible. Third, Palm incorporates measurements to focus attention, represent constant behavior, and validate models. We discuss generating models for three different applications.
The formation of the aqueous iron(III)-thenoyltrifluoroacetone complex in relation to the uncatalyzed and chloride catalyzed extraction of iron(III) by thenoyltrifluoroacetone into benzene

Abstract Under appropriate conditions the rate of extraction of Fe3+ into benzene by thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) is shown to be governed by the rate of formation of FeTTA2+ in the aqueous phase. The extraction of Fe3+ is catalyzed by Cl− due to an increased rate of formation of FeTTA2+ from FeCl2+. The formation of FeTTA2+ occurs via inverse acid-dependent and acid-independent paths. Complex formation is catalyzed by chloride ions due to the reaction FeCl 2+ + ( HTTA ) enol → k Cl FeTTA 2+ + Cl − + H + . At 25°C and ionic strength 1·0, kCl = 20 M−1 sec−1. From the lack of an acid dependence of kCl, the inferred mechanisms for the uncatalyzed formation of FeTTA2+ are: Fe 3+ + ( HTTA ) enol → k i FeTTA 2+ + H + FeOH 2+ + ( HTTA ) enol → k ′ a FeTTA 2+ . At 25°C and ionic strength 1·0, ki = 5 × 10−1 M−1 sec−1 and ka′ = 4·4 × 102 M−1 sec−1. The rate of dissociation of FeTTA2+ increases slightly at high acid concentrations. The dissociation is catalyzed by Cl− and this reaction shows a marked direct hydrogen-ion dependence.
Visual-error criterion for color-image processing

We extend a new visual-error criterion for achromatic images to color images. After the tristimulus planes are transformed to a luminance-compatible color space, the achromatic-error criterion is used for the luminance plane and the squared-error criterion is used for the two chromatic planes taken together. The optimal linear estimator for the resulting color-image-error criterion is compared against a purely squared-error criterion in the task of reconstructing color images degraded by varying amounts of additive noise. The images restored with the new error criterion appeared sharper and truer in fine detail. Except for the least and most noisy cases, in which no clear preference was found, viewers of the cathode-ray-tube display unanimously preferred these restorations over the comparatively fuzzy squared-error ones, despite a grainier appearance. These results are consistent with the previous ones found with the new visual-error criterion for achromatic images only. Through this extension to color images and the good results in restoring noisy images, we have found an error criterion that shows promise for applications in color-image processing.
Transport of fallout plutonium to the ocean by the Mississippi River

Abstract Mississippi River suspended sediment shows a continual decrease of239.240Pu content over a seven-year time period. An exponential curve best-fit through the data predicts a half-time of decrease equal to 4.3 years. However, unsupported210Pb, a naturally occurring nuclide at steady state in the environment, maintains constant concentration over the same time period. The decrease in Pu content of river sediment results from several factors: cessation of atmospheric weapons testing; transport of Pu to deeper levels of soil profiles; storage of sediment in floodplains and behind dams; and dilution by erosion of older, prebomb soil material. Most of the fallout Pu in the Mississippi drainage basin will remain on the continent unless there are major changes in erosion and sediment transport patterns in the basin itself.
The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genera Ponsoonops and Bipoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae)

ABSTRACT Two new genera, Ponsoonops and Bipoonops, are established for groups of species characterized by sexually dimorphic dorsal abdominal scutum expression (with a scutum present in males but not females), male palps with a separate cymbium and bulb, and a patterned abdomen. Both genera belong therefore to the Varioonops complex, represented now by three described Neotropical genera. Members of Ponsoonops are united by three putative synapomorphies in males: a “pierlike” dorsal scutum completely fused to the epigastric scutum, a patch of short setae ventrodistally on metatarsi I and II, and a short anteromedian protrusion on the endites. Female Ponsoonops specimens differ from other members of the Varioonops complex in having small lateral sclerites at the epigynal area and a smooth sternum. Members of Bipoonops share a large, irregularly shaped, rather indistinct dark spot posteriorly on the carapace, a putative synapomorphy, and a moderately rugose sternum surface; males are characterized by a disti...
SOME BIOCHEMICAL EACTORS THAT MODIFY THE TRANSCEPHALIC DC POTENTIAL

The transcephalic DC potential is that voltage recorded across the midline surface of the head between the frontal and occipital emissary vein distributions. Some psychophysiological correlates of this potential are described, and it is noted that little is known about the neuronal or biochemical modulation of it. Experiments are described using mature male cats, rabbits and rats as subjects. The frontal potential is found to shift progressively more positive as the depth of anesthesia increases. Pain causes a brief negative frontal shift and visceral irritation a positive one. Pinch mimics pain responses in etherized animals, but the DC shift is dampened in barbiturate anesthetized ones. Intracarotid injections of histamine and a histamine releaser produce a negative frontal shift. Heparin, serotonin, and nembutal produce positive frontal shifts. Epinephrine produces either a positive or negative shift, and potentiates the effects of histamine and serotonin. Histamine and serotonin combined produce a negative frontal shift. Many of these compounds are effective in 1μg or smaller doses. These findings, plus further analyses of the persistence, magnitude, latency, and dosage relatedness of the shifts are presented.
Novel 2- and 4- Substituted 1H-Imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine Derivatives as Allosteric Modulators of the A3 Adenosine Receptor

4-Arylamino and 2- cycloalkyl (including amino substitution) modifications were made in a series of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine derivatives as allosteric modulators of the human A(3) adenosine receptor (AR). In addition to allosteric modulation of the maximum functional efficacy (in [(35)S]GTPgammaS G protein binding assay) of the A(3)AR agonist Cl-IB-MECA (15), some analogues also weakly inhibited equilibrium radioligand binding at ARs. 4-(3,5-Dichlorophenylamino) (6) or 2-(1-adamantyl) (20) substitution produced allosteric enhancement (twice the maximal agonist efficacy), with minimal inhibition of orthosteric AR binding. 2-(4-Tetrahydropyranyl) substitution abolished allosteric enhancement but preserved inhibition of orthosteric binding. Introduction of nitrogen in the six-membered ring at the 2 position, to improve aqueous solubility and provide a derivatization site, greatly reduced the allosteric enhancement. 2-(4-(Benzoylamino)cyclohexyl) analogues 23 and 24 were weak negative A(3)AR modulators. Thus, consistent with previous findings, the allosteric and orthosteric inhibitory A(3)AR effects in imidazoquinolines are structurally separable, suggesting the possible design of additional derivatives with enhanced positive or negative allosteric A(3)AR activity and improved selectivity in comparison to inhibition of orthosteric binding.
Recovery of a marker strain of Salmonella typhimurium in litter and aerosols from isolation rooms containing infected chickens

Screening of poultry flocks for foodborne pathogen Salmonella contamination is critical for Salmonella control in preharvest stages of poultry production. In this study, two sampling methods (litter and air filter) were compared for detection of S. typhimurium from experimentally infected chicks some of which had received either a probiotic competitive exclusion culture or transfer of cecal contents from salmonellae-free adult birds. At 4, 9, and 11 days after inoculation, S. typhimurium samples were enumerated by selective plating. For both types of sampling, the control birds yielded the greatest levels of environmental contamination followed by the samples from the probiotic inoculated birds with the birds receiving the cecal transfer culture having the lowest levels of contamination. Although the two sampling methods responded in a similar fashion, detection sensitivity needs to be increased for air filter sampling.
Mortality for intra-abdominal infection is associated with intrinsic risk factors rather than the source of infection.

Background Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Nosocomial IAIs (NIAIs) have been associated with higher mortality than community-acquired IAIs (CIAIs). We hypothesized that intrinsic risk factors were a better predictor of mortality than the type of infection. Methods Patients with IAI treated at a single urban academic hospital over 8 years (June 1999–June 2007) were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, source of infection, type of infection (community vs nosocomial), type of intervention (operation versus percutaneous drainage), and postoperative complications. Charlson Comorbidity Index and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) scores were evaluated at admission and on postoperative day 7 (POD-7). Results There were 452 patients; 234 (51.8%) had CIAI and 218 (48.2%) had NIAI. The mean age was 51.3 ± 0.8. The most common source of CIAI was the appendix ( n = 129, 28.5%); 137 patients with NIAI had postoperative infections (30.3%). When patients with appendicitis were excluded, there was no difference in mortality or complications between patients with CIAI and NIAI. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated catheter-related bloodstream infection ( P P P = .009; OR 3.8, 95% CI, 1.4–8.8) to be independent risk factors for mortality. Among patients who failed initial therapy, a non-appendiceal source of infection ( P P = .033; OR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.0–2.6) were determined to be independent risk factors. Non-appendiceal source of infection ( P = .001, OR 3.3, 95% CI, 1.6–7.0) and POD-7 MOD score ≥4 ( P Conclusion These results suggest mortality from IAI is strongly related to age and organ dysfunction; however, catheter-related bloodstream infection and postoperative cardiac events have a greater effect on outcome.
The β relaxation behavior of bisphenol-type resins

The β relaxation of a phenoxy resin and a number of related uncured and cured bisphenol-type epoxide resins was studied using a torsion pendulum. Two molecular mechanisms are proposed to contribute to the β relaxation in the range from −55 to −80°C. One is the motion of the hydroxyether group and the other is related to motions of the crosslink itself. The β-relaxation peak temperature was found to increase with the concentration of hydroxyether groups in the matrix. Motion of the crosslinks in the matrix gives rise to a contribution to the β peak at −80°C. In addition, motion of the diphenyl propane group is proposed to result in a relaxation process at ca. −110°C.
Are Emirate Rulers Immune from Civil Suits in English Courts

Abstract This article considers whether the rulers of the seven United Arab Emirates are immune from civil suits before English courts. It commences by summarising the constitutional structure of the UAE and political roles which the Emirate rulers play within its federal government, before setting out the relevant English and international law of State and head of State immunity. Having explained this background, this article assesses the position of each ruler and concludes that the rulers of Abu Dhabi and Dubai are immune from civil suits before English courts but that the rulers of Sharjah, Ra’s al-Khaimah, Fujairah, Umm al-Qaiwain and Ajman are less likely to attract immunity.
LH & FSH RESPONSE TO LUTEINIZING RELEASING FACTOR (LRF) IN CLYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE TREATED MALES

Testicular damage associated with cyclophosphamide (CX) therapy of steroid-dependent nephrosis prompted assessment of 5 pubertal males, 15-18 yrs, to identify those who may have gonadal injury as a result of medication. 3 who had received CX for 4 months and 2 for a total of 9 and 10 months between the ages of 12-1/2 to 16 yrs (2-4 yrs before testing) received LRF, 100 ugm. Basal serum testosterone (T) values in 4 were within the normal range for age, mean 507 (400-900 ngm/ml) and one was low, 246. Responses to LRF in 3 with normal T showed higher basal levels of LH, mean 46.3 mIU/ml, and peaks to 101-119. Mean basal levels of FSH were 25.7 mIU/ml and had sustained elevation rather than a significant peak. 1 with normal T and 1 with low T had mean basal LH 18.5 mIU/ml and mean basal FSH 1.4. After LRF a 3-4 fold rise of LH and 8-10 fold rise of FSH occurred. The LRF test caused no untoward reactions and does identify those who require further evaluation of their gonadal status. These studies showed that testesin CX-treated males may be under higher LH and FSH stimulation to maintain normal T.
Big data, high-performance computing, and MapReduce

We discuss the emergence of data-intensive computing and then explore the applicability of business-oriented big-data platforms, such as Hadoop MapReduce, to traditional scientific computing processes. In particular, we investigate the suitability of MapReduce parallelism for simulation of grid-based models by developing message-passing MapReduce algorithms and empirically evaluating their performance on the Amazon's Elastic MapReduce cloud. We outline MapReduce challenges (such as insufficient speed) and opportunities (such as fault-tolerance and ease of use) in scientific computing.
Neutral Amino Acid Absorption in Diabetic Rats

Small intestinal function is altered in diabetes: hexose absorption is increased in diabetic rats, and glucose absorption is elevated in human juvenile diabetes. Because the transport mechanisms for hexoses and amino acids are inter-related, it is important to characterize effects of the diabetic state on amino acid transport. To dissociate metabolic from transport effects of diabetes, we used the non-metabolized neutral amino acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). We perfused in situ the mid 30 cm segment of the small intestine of control (C) and diabetic (D) rats. We have previously shown this to be the site of maximal AIB transport [Amer.J.Physiol. 216: 1131, 1969]. AIB absorption rate was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the diabetic animals: μmoles/0.5 h/cm; C, 0.44; D, 0.56; μmoles/0.5 h/g wet weight; C, 6.56; D, 7.88. The intestinal tissue concentrations of AIB (μmoles/g tissue water) were significantly greater (p < 0.001) in the diabetic rats in both mucosa (C, 1.74; D, 3.15) and underlying tissues remaining after scraping off the mucosa (C, 1.42; D, 2.89). These tissue concentrations suggest that the primary step in transport stimulation is at the brush border of the mucosal cell. In normal rats, we have already shown that the segment absorbing most rapidly (mid-intestine) has the lowest tissue AIB concentration. In the present study, however, transport enhancement by diabetes was associated with increased intestinal tissue AIB concentration. Thus, there appear to be two mechanisms for increasing intestinal transport: (1) at the brush border in diabetes and (2) at the basal-lateral cell membrane for the normal longitudinal gradient.
Computer modeling of graphite oxidation: differences between monolayer and multilayer etching

Abstract Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite can be etched at high temperatures in air to form both monolayer-deep and multilayer-deep etch pits with a high degree of size control, given some empirical understanding. A computer program is presented which models the oxidation of a single sheet of graphite at the atomic level, based on reaction probabilities for different types of edge carbon atoms. Edge carbons can be divided into many different types, but pit shapes were found to depend on just two types of edge carbons: zig-zag and armchair sites. Monolayer etch pits could be modeled well over a wide variety of parameter values, but the shapes of multilayer etch pits could not be modeled in a single sheet by any combination of parameters. This difference is apparently due to layer–layer interactions in multilayer pits, but investigation also revealed differences in the ways the different types of graphite edges oxidize: formation of a stable ‘armchair’ edge does not appear to be possible for any choice of reaction probabilities. This suggests that, while the shapes of monolayer etch pits are determined by the reaction rates of various carbon atoms, additional factors are involved in the formation of multilayer etch pits.
Assessing the Viability of the Independent Practice of Dental Hygiene – A Brief Communication

Background: This paper deals with the economics of the independent dental hygiene practice. Methods: Using historical data from dental practices in Cincinnati, Ohio, we developed a business model for an independent hygiene practice. We tested the sensitivity of the model to variations in key assumptions (initial capitalization, interest, employee salary, and owner’s draw). We described the profitability on the basis of the breakeven point. Results: Under the most permissive regulatory and financial environment, the practice would breakeven after 26 months. However, the owner would not equal the earnings of a salaried hygienist until the initial loan is paid off after 7 years. The model was not sensitive to 20 percent changes in the key assumptions. Conclusions: Under ideal circumstances, an independent hygiene practice could be profitable.
An undergraduate degree in data science: curriculum and a decade of implementation experience

We describe Data Science, a four-year undergraduate program in predictive analytics, machine learning, and data mining implemented at the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. We present a ten-year status report detailing the program's origins, successes, and challenges. Our experience demonstrates that education and training for big data concepts are possible and practical at the undergraduate level. The development of this program parallels the growing demand for finding utility in data sets and streaming data. The curriculum is a seventy-seven credit-hour program that has been successfully implemented in a liberal arts and sciences institution by the faculties of computer science and mathematics.
Effects of intrahypothalamic injections of adrenergic and cholinergic substances on behavioral thermoregulation and associated skin temperature levels in rats

Abstract Intrahypothalamic injections of carbamylcholine chloride (carbachol) and L-arterenol bitartrate hydrate (noradrenaline) in rats led to hyper- and hypothermia respectively, and differentially affected bar holding to escape heat. Cholinergic stimulation increased bar holding and adrenergic stimulation decreased the same response. In a second experiment it was found that skin temperatures associated with response onset and response offset were different following the neurochemical injections. Peripheral temperatures were maintained at lower levels with carbachol and were elevated with noradrenaline.
Preparation and characterization of the 110 K phase in the (Bi,Pb)CaSrCuO superconducting system

Nearly monophasic 110 K (n = 3 phase) superconductor in the Bi-Pb-Ca-Sr-Cu-O system has been prepared starting from compositions of Bi{sub 0.7}Pb{sub 0.3}CaSrCu{sub 2}O{sub x}, Bi{sub 1.5}Pb{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}, and Bi{sub 1.84}Pb{sub 0.34}Ca{sub 2.03}Sr{sub 1.91}Cu{sub 3.06}O{sub x}. Attempts have been made to prepare the Bi{sub 1.5}Pb{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 2.6}Sr{sub 2.4}Cu{sub 4.09}O{sub x} (n = 4 phase) and the n = 3 phase by hot pressing and the results will be discussed.
Cytokines as adjuvants for the induction of mucosal immunity

Safe nasal vaccines capable of promoting both mucosal and systemic immunity are needed for effective protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. While parenteral cytokine treatment could lead to unwanted toxicity, the nasal delivery route results in low but biologically active serum cytokine levels. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and IL-12, which promote either Th2- or Th1-type responses, respectively, also enhance systemic immunity to co-administered antigens. The chemoattractants lymphotactin (Lptn), RANTES and defensins also exerted adjuvant activity for systemic immunity when nasally administered with antigens. However, each cytokine or innate factor promoted a distinct pattern of T helper cell responses and corresponding IgG subclass response. Interleukin-12, IL-1, and the chemokines Lptn and RANTES promote mucosal immunity. In contrast, nasal IL-6 and defensins failed to induce mucosal S-IgA Ab responses, suggesting that mechanisms more complex than T cell activation and chemotaxis are required for the development of mucosal immunity after nasal delivery of cytokines.
Thermal biology of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae: A role for heat shock proteins

Abstract Eggs of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus L., develop on sandy estuarine beaches during the spring and summer, and are potentially vulnerable to thermal stress during the 3–4 weeks of development to the first instar (trilobite) larval stage. In many marine taxa, heat shock (stress) proteins (Hsp's) help individuals acclimate to stresses by restoring the proper folding of cellular proteins whose shape has been altered by temperature shock or other forms of environmental stress. We examined the survival of embryos and first instar (trilobite) larvae following heat shock, and compared the levels of Hsp70 in heat shocked and control animals. Animals acclimated to 13 or 22 °C had close to 100% survival when heat shocked for 3 h at 35 or 40 °C, but exposure to 45 °C for 3 h was lethal. To study the effect of heat shock on Hsp70 production under environmentally realistic conditions, animals were acclimated to either 13 or 22 °C, heat-shocked at 35 °C for 3 h, and soluble proteins were extracted following 0, 2, 4, or 6 h recovery at 22 °C. The relative amounts of Hsp70 in horseshoe crab embryos and larvae were examined using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Relative to controls animals held at a constant temperature, there was a slight elevation of Hsp70 only among heat shocked trilobite larvae in the 6 h recovery treatment. Hsp70 levels did not differ significantly between control and heat shocked embryos. Horseshoe crabs have adapted to living in a thermally stressful environment by maintaining a high baseline (constitutive) level of cellular stress proteins such as Hsp70, rather than by synthesizing inducible Hsp's when stressful temperatures are encountered. This may be an effective strategy given that the heat shocks encountered by intertidal embryos and larvae occur regularly as a function of diurnal and tidal temperature changes.
A Declustering Criterion for Feature Extraction in Pattern Recognition

A feature extraction technique based on a new criterion for "declustering" is presented. Declustering occurs when sample vectors from one pattern class form a densely packed point constellation, or cluster, in feature space while vectors from another class do not form a cluster but instead array themselves as outliers. Features chosen to optimize the declustering criterion enhance class separation and are robust over a wide range of measurement statistics.
Providers as weight coaches: using practice guides and motivational interview to treat obesity in the pediatric office.

Motivational interview techniques combined with an evidence-based guideline provide valuable tools for the treatment of childhood obesity. The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners' Healthy Eating and Activity Together guidelines were adopted in a rural pediatric office. After a 6-month pilot, effectiveness of treatment was evaluated with a retrospective chart review. The results suggest that children were motivated for healthy lifestyle changes but had difficulty maintaining motivation and compliance with healthy change choices after 1–2 months; however, with consistent use of motivational interviewing techniques combined with diet and exercise counseling, there was a trend toward lowered body mass index and waist measurements.
Patients' evaluation of argon laser therapy of Port Wine Stain, decorative tattoo, and essential telangiectasia

One hundred fourteen patients wer studied to assess their perception of the results of argon laser therapy for port wine stains (PWS), tattoos, or essential telangiectasia of legs. At least 1 yr following treatment patients were surveyed using a 30item mail questionnaire. A 91% response rate was achieved.
Accessibility of primary care physician practice sites in South Carolina for people with disabilities

Abstract Background Quality and level of health care provided for people with disabilities at primary care physician's offices can be drastically impacted by the level of accessibility of the practice. The study goal was to assess the accessibility of primary care physician practices sites in South Carolina for people with mobility or sensory disabilities. Methods Primary care offices were contacted through two different networks, and 68 agreed to a modified accessibility assessment. Prior to each visit, practice characteristics were gathered. The rehabilitation engineer assessed the sites for 93 specific accessibility items using a tape measure, inclinometer, and weight scale. The survey items were taken from the American with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). Results The level of accessibility varied substantially; the average practice was deemed adequate on 70% of the items assessed. The strongest predictor of overall accessibility was the year of construction or most recent renovation. Hospital-owned buildings were significantly more accessible (P = 0.04) when controlling for year built. Key aspects of accessibility that were often lacking included car- and van-accessible parking, lever door handles, clear floor space and grab bars in the restroom, TTY telephone or a hearing aid–compatible telephone, wheelchair accessible scale, and an adjustable-height examination table. Conclusion The accessibility of primary care practice sites in South Carolina is suboptimal. Research is needed to identify effective approaches for encouraging primary care practices to make their practices fully accessible.
Evaporation from binary glasses by high temperature mass spectrometry

Abstract Current studies on the vaporization of component species from the binary glasses, Na2OSiO2 and GeO2SiO2, by the use of high-temperature mass spectrometry using a Knudsen cell are discussed. To date, the literature generally treats the evaporation of single oxide species from glasses as though they are independent of the other oxides present. Our studies on the soda-silica binary shows that both the heat of vaporization for Na and the enthalpy of dissociation for the reaction Na 2 O → 2 Na + 1 2 O 2 are substantially dependent on the amount of soda from 4 to 26%. Similarly, we show a systematic variation with composition in the reaction enthalpies for the reactions ifGeO2(s) → GeO(g) + 1 2 O2(g), SiO 2 ( s ) → SiO ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) , and SiO2(s) → SiO2(g).
Age Preferences for Professional Helpers

Persons between the ages of 16 to 91 years (N = 621) were asked to indicate the age of the physician nurse, policeman, lawyer, clergyman, and teacher they prefer when they need a service. For all occupations except clergyman there was a relationship between the age of the respondent and preferred age of the professional. Older individuals preferred older service providers with one exception, their physician. Highly educated respondents preferred younger physicians. Implications for providing services to older individuals are discussed.
Role of pulvinar-cortical functional brain pathways in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Vol. 52 - N° 7 - p. 756-758
Array ordering in dendritic crystals and the influence on crystal perfection

The role of the evolving array structure in the generation of crystal defects within a dendritic grain is investigated. Crystallographic perfection and associated defect structures are characterized using X-ray topography and optical microscopy. Observed structures are compared with quantitative descriptors of array order using a minimum spanning tree (MST) graph analysis. It is observed that the dendritic array structure evolves substantially over a growth length of 25 millimeters while the mosaic nature of the crystal remains relatively constant. The MST edge-length mean and standard deviation parameters are determined to be rather insensitive to differences in the local order due to statistical sampling size effects. This sample size dependence of the MST is evaluated with respect to its utility in distinguishing between square and hexagonal order, with varying degrees of superposed random noise. It is found that the MST distinguishing power is dramatically reduced when the sampling size is decreased below approximately 200 points.
Technology for Pressure Ulcer Prevention

Pressure ulcers are among the most common secondary injuries following spinal cord injury (SCI). A general consensus is that an effective prevention program would greatly reduce the incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers. Increased risks for pressure ulcers following SCI are related to immobility, neurological impairments, and changes to biomechanical and microvascular properties of the soft tissue. Programs to minimize these risk factors might include technology to quantitatively assess tissue viability and management of tissue loading.
A Nurse-Managed Inpatient Program for Patients With Chronic Mental Disorders

The deinstitutionalization movement has left a legacy of need for appropriate care for inpatients with chronic refractory mental illness. This article describes a nurse managed program for such patients based on the principles of a therapeutic milieu. The program was formally defined for a 6-month period with an effort to include outcome measures for program evaluation. Multidisciplinary treatment team planning with a psychiatric nursing clinical specialist as team leader provided a format for putting therapeutic concepts into practice. The nurse clinical specialist and two nurse practitioners served as case managers as well as primary care providers. Program evaluation showed that cost-effective quality care could be achieved with a reduction in polypharmacy and overall neuroleptic usage. The notion of a restraint appropriate environment, with the goal of minimizing restraint use, was introduced and put into practice.
Minocycline-Induced Staining of Torus Palatinus and Alveolar Bone

Background: Minocycline hydrochloride, an analog of tetracycline, is widely used in the treatment of acne. Its use has been associated with discoloration of teeth, bone, and other tissues. Methods: A case is presented involving a patient with minocycline-induced staining of the torus palatinus and alveolar bone. Results: No treatment was rendered since the patient was not concerned with the appearance of the discoloration. The patient's dermatologist elected to change antibiotics. Conclusions: Patients on long-term minocycline therapy should be made aware of the possibility of pigmentation of bone and soft tissue that may be reversible with discontinuation of therapy; however, minocycline-induced staining of the permanent dentition may not be reversible. J Periodontol 2003;74:669-671.
Optical wireless networks: transceiver distribution provisioning

We propose a transceiver-distribution provisioning heuristic for optimized optical wireless networks. Simulation results show that networks adopting the proposed heuristic outperform on load balance, link usage, and average packet delay by 37%, 29%, and 17%, respectively, compared to unplanned transceiver distribution.
Spectral characterization of the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPDHQ applied to probing live primary and immortalized neurons

Spectral properties of a recently developed voltage-sensitive dye, di-4-ANEPPDHQ, were characterized as the dye was dissolved in the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide as the stock solution, in Hank's buffered salt solution as the staining solution, and bound to the plasma membrane of primary rat hippocampal neurons and immortalized mouse hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7) in vitro. Their dependence on the local chemical and electrical environment of dye molecules was determined. The excitation and emission peaks are 479 nm and 570 nm for the stained primary neurons, and 476 nm and 585 nm for the stained immortalized neurons. The excitation and emission bands of the stained GT1-7 neurons, defined as 50% peak intensity, are 429-516 nm and 544-648 nm, respectively.
Energy density in density functional theory: Application to crystalline defects and surfaces

We propose a method for decomposing the total energy of a supercell containing defects into contributions of individual atoms, using the energy density formalism within the density functional theory. The spatial energy density is unique up to a gauge transformation, and we show that unique atomic energies can be calculated by integrating over Bader and charge-neutral volumes for each atom. Numerically, we implement the energy density method in the framework of the Vienna ab initio simulation package (vasp) for both norm-conserving and ultrasoft pseudopotentials and the projector augmented-wave method, and we use a weighted integration algorithm to integrate the volumes. Surface energies and point defect energies can be calculated by integrating the energy density over the surface region and the defect region, respectively. We compute energies for several surfaces and defects: the $(110)$ surface energy of GaAs, the monovacancy formation energies of Si, the $(100)$ surface energy of Au, and the interstitial formation energy of O in a hexagonal close-packed Ti crystal. The surface and defect energies calculated using our method agree with size-converged calculations of the difference in the total energies of a system with versus a system without defects. Moreover, the convergence of the defect energies with size can be found from a single calculation.
Parental size influence on offspring phenotype in Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Abstract In order to test the hypothesis that parents influence offspring body size, crosses between male and female Schistocerca americana of various sizes were made in the laboratory. Measurements of the offsprings' body characteristics were made after every instar. No correlation was found between the mother's characteristics and that of her offspring; however, paternal size was positively correlated with adult offspring body size. Other studies have shown that variation in the size of both males and females significantly affects reproductive success. Thus, the current study is significant in that a father can influence his offsprings' adult size.
Magnetoelectrics: A new route to magnetic ferroelectrics.

Materials that exhibit both ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity could be useful, but they are unfortunately very rare. Could a new proposal for combining the two properties point the way forward?
Acceptance of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2004

Mr. President, members of the society, and guests, It is a tremendous honor for me to receive the MSA award. I am both humbled and inspired by it. Looking back, there are many people who have helped me along the way. But in the interest of not diminishing their importance, I would like to just mention four. These are my principal scientific mentors. Still very wet behind the ears with a geological sciences B.S. in hand, starting graduate school in Bob Bodnar’s lab at Virginia Tech was a real eye-opener. Among many other things, he exposed me to a wide range of new scientific tools and concepts that I could explore. It was here that I realized that I was always going to prefer tackling “real-time” problems, the …