cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Limitations and Promise of Health Education in Managed Care

Managed care has become the predominant form of health insurance in the United States. With its features of capitation, provider monetary risk, and population perspective, managed care represents a huge growth opportunity for advocates of disease prevention and health promotion, including those in the field of health education. In reality, however, health education's role has fallen far short of expectations. This article is presented to initiate a dialogue on the role of health education and its subset, worksite health promotion, within managed care. The worksite is emphasized because of its attractiveness as a site in delivering population-based medicine. Furthermore, employers exercise considerable influence in shaping the health care marketplace. A list of recommendations is presented, offering suggestions on what health education needs to do to increase its impact in the managed care movement. These arguments are posed to better position this profession in a changing health care environment.
RED CELL STROMA IN DOGS : STROMA PROTEIN AND STROMA LIPIDES VARY IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANEMIA

Normal red blood cells in dogs contain stroma in fairly uniform amounts. This red cell stroma is rich in proteins and lipides. Anemia due to blood loss causes an increase in stroma protein. The highest levels of stroma protein are found in the severe anemias. As the anemia is corrected by red cell regeneration, the stroma protein level falls to normal. Anemia due to blood destruction (phenylhydrazine) presents very high levels of stroma protein—almost double the increase noted in anemia due to blood loss. Hypoproteinemia added to anemia due to blood loss causes no significant change on the stroma protein level. Abscesses due to the subcutaneous injection of turpentine during the anemia cause slight decreases in the stroma protein levels. Chloroform poisoning has no effect on the stroma protein levels. The total lipides of the stroma are rather stable and are little influenced by anemia. In certain experiments with hemolytic anemia and with hypoproteinemia, there is a significant rise in total lipide figures.
Coloring the projective plane

Abstract It is shown that the points of a projective plane may be two-colored so that every line has discrepancy at most Kn 1 2 , K an absolute constant. A variant of the probabilistic method is used. Connections to the Komlos Conjecture are discussed.
A novel hybrid predictive model and validation of unique hook-shaped residual stress profiles in hard turning

Hard turning produces a unique hook-shaped residual stress (RS) profile characterized by surface compressive RS and subsurface maximum compressive RS. However, how and why this unique RS profile is generally produced is not well understood. This paper presents a novel hybrid predictive model which simulates the process-induced unique RS profiles in hard turning. The key findings are: (a) ploughed depth is a major influencing factor in producing the machining-induced RS profile; (b) a unique hook-shaped RS profile is produced when the ploughing depth reaches a threshold (critical) value; and (c) the predicted hook-shaped RS profiles are validated experimentally.
The persistence of national differences in a globalizing world: the Japanese struggle for competitiveness in advanced information technologies

Abstract This paper represents a critique of that aspect of globalization theory that predicts the convergence of national economic institutions and practices toward some single optimal model. This is done through the examination of the innovative practices of Japanese firms and government within the context of US–Japanese competition in high-technology industries. A profile of Japanese innovative competencies is developed through an overview of competition in consumer electronics and personal computing and the emerging wireless Internet industry. The paper argues that different national systems of innovation result in levels of competitiveness that vary according to the technological profile in a given industry, thus undermining one of the basic premises of convergence theory.
Male-Female Association Patterns Among Free-ranging Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)

Although male–female relationships can offer a number of advantages such as protection or social support, they are poorly studied among primates compared to same-sex relationships. We used 12 yr of data from the Kanyawara chimpanzee community to compare three independent measures of association (party association, 5m association, and grooming) among all adult dyads. Party association exhibited by male–female dyads was of intermediate strength between strong male–male and weak female–female association. Male–female dyads were less likely to be within 5m of one another and to groom as male–male dyads, but equally likely to be within 5m and more likely to groom as female–female dyads. Variation in male–female association strength was not related to male rank but was affected by female ranging patterns and female reproductive states. Females with core areas in the center of the home range were more likely to be in parties with males but did not show higher spatial proximity or grooming indices compared to females ranging in the periphery. Party association and 5m indices were higher for dyads of males and estrous females compared to those with anestrous females. These results indicate that male–female dyads are likely to associate with one another more often than female–female dyads because of overlapping ranging patterns and short-term changes in female reproductive state. We conclude that male and female chimpanzees do not exhibit proximity and grooming patterns indicative of strong affiliative bonds. This study also highlights the importance of using multiple independent measures of bond strength in studies of primate social dynamics.
Fabrication of CdS/Ag hybrid quantum dot composites using a melt/quench method

CdS/Ag coated particles of nanometer dimensions have been fabricated in a glass host by a modified melt/quench process. These coated particles exhibit surface plasmon resonance absorption spectra which are red-shifted, as compared to that of a dispersion of homogeneous Ag particles of similar size in the same host. This phenomenon is interpreted within the context of Maxwell-Garnett theory for small volume fractions. The calculated absorption spectra of coated Ag particles agree well with experimental results. Processing conditions determine whether metal-coated semiconductor or semiconductor-coated metal particles are formed.
Public sociology in the age of Obama1

This article begins by describing the genesis of the idea of public sociology to better assess its meaning and significance. I then move from the particular account to a general formulation of the four types of knowledge that comprise the sociological field and its division of labor. All four types of knowledge are necessary ingredients for a flourishing discipline. From the general I return to the particular, pointing out different national expressions of this division of sociological labor and the conflicts they engender. Antagonisms notwithstanding, sociologists do share a distinctive project rooted in the defense and expansion of civil society, which brings me to the final point. With their roots in civil society, sociologists have a stake in responses to market fundamentalism and the economic crises it has caused. Inspired by these eventful times, public sociologists can now emerge from their academic shells to take their place in shaping the direction of society.
Modeling diffusion advection in the mass transfer of water vapor through martian regolith

Diffusion advection is an effect in diffusive multicomponent mass transfer that occurs when the flux vectors of the individual components do not add up to zero. This can be a significant effect for the mass transfer of water vapor from subsurface ice or liquid reservoirs through porous regolith at martian temperatures and pressures. Ignoring diffusion advection and using Fick's law alone to calculate the flux under these conditions will result in an erroneously small value while using a measured flux to calculate a diffusivity will result in an erroneously high value. The inaccuracy in both cases increases with temperature. The literature contains several examples of erroneous treatment of this effect. The correct approach is well-known from other applications of mass transfer and takes diffusion advection into account in the appropriate amount regardless of the temperature and pressure and reduces to the simple Fick's law when conditions warrant. In this way, there is no need to decide under what conditions diffusion advection is or is not important. It can be used in the transition region to pure Knudsen diffusion in a fashion similar to that used with the more limited Fickian approach.
Start-stop control strategies for heat recovery in multi-zone water-loop heat pump systems

Abstract A study is made to determine the energy saving potential of a start—stop controlled water-loop heat pump (WLHP) system. The physical model consists of individual heat pumps for each zone, a two-pipe water-loop system (with and without a storage tank), a boiler and an evaporative cooler. The overall system consists of four input energy controllers and an equal number of mass flow rate controllers. A simple start-stop control strategy for the system is developed. Results showing the typical daily operation of the system under changing heating and cooling loads are presented. A method for selecting the appropriate limits for loop water temperature which results in energy savings is given.
A 4D IMRT planning method using deformable image registration to improve normal tissue sparing with contemporary delivery techniques

We propose a planning method to design true 4-dimensional (4D) intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans, called the t4Dplan method, in which the planning target volume (PTV) of the individual phases of the 4D computed tomography (CT) and the conventional PTV receive non-uniform doses but the cumulative dose to the PTV of each phase, computed using deformable image registration (DIR), are uniform. The non-uniform dose prescription for the conventional PTV was obtained by solving linear equations that required motion-convolved 4D dose to be uniform to the PTV for the end-exhalation phase (PTV50) and by constraining maximum inhomogeneity to 20%. A plug-in code to the treatment planning system was developed to perform the IMRT optimization based on this non-uniform PTV dose prescription. The 4D dose was obtained by summing the mapped doses from individual phases of the 4D CT using DIR. This 4D dose distribution was compared with that of the internal target volume (ITV) method. The robustness of the 4D plans over the course of radiotherapy was evaluated by computing the 4D dose distributions on repeat 4D CT datasets. Three patients with lung tumors were selected to demonstrate the advantages of the t4Dplan method compared with the commonly used ITV method. The 4D dose distribution using the t4Dplan method resulted in greater normal tissue sparing (such as lung, stomach, liver and heart) than did plans designed using the ITV method. The dose volume histograms of cumulative 4D doses to the PTV50, clinical target volume, lung, spinal cord, liver, and heart on the 4D repeat CTs for the two patients were similar to those for the 4D dose at the time of original planning.
The two-dimensional frequency-domain analysis of nuclear spin relaxation data. Simultaneous measurements of spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times

While most NMR pulse sequences designed to measure nuclear spin relaxation times yield true two-dimensional time-domain data, it is standard practice to Fourier transform these in only the t2 dimension and to extract the relaxation time from a time-domain fit in the t1 dimension. As an alternative to this procedure, the consequences of a full two-dimensional frequency-domain analysis are examined. It is shown that exponential time-domain relaxation data produce excellent Lorentzian lines in the frequency domain. Accurate relaxation times may be determined from the full width at half height using LW = 1π · Tn, where n = 1 or 2. An advantage of the frequency-domain fit is that it requires only two parameters instead of three, as often used in conventional analyses. In addition, new pulse sequences which allow the simultaneous determination of both T1 and T2 in a single 2D experiment are demonstrated for single-line spectra. In this case, only three parameters are necessary to determine both relaxation times, as compared with five when conventional procedures are employed.
Consumption of a high-fat soup preload leads to differences in short-term energy and fat intake between PROP non-taster and super-taster women☆

Taste blindness to the bitterness of PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) has been used as a genetic marker for food selection and adiposity. We have shown that PROP non-taster (NT) women have higher BMIs and habitually consume more fat and energy than either medium-taster (MT) or super-taster (ST) women. These data imply that differences in dietary selection underlie the body weight differences among PROP taster groups. However, no studies investigated energy compensation in women classified by PROP status. We investigated if NTs would compensate less accurately for the calories and fat in a high-fat soup preload in a subsequent test meal compared to MTs and STs. Energy intake from a buffet meal was measured in 75 healthy non-diet-restrained, lean women 30 min after the ingestion of a high-fat soup preload (0.8 kcal/g; 55% calories from fat), calculated to represent 10% of resting energy expenditure for each subject, or the same volume of water. Subjects (n = 20-28/taster group) ate a standard breakfast followed 3 hr later by an ad-libitum buffet lunch, on two occasions. There were no differences in energy intake or macronutrient selection across taster groups after water. After soup, NTs consumed more energy than STs. Fat intake (as %-energy) was higher in NTs (46.4% ± 2.4) compared to either MTs (36.1 ± 1.9%) or STs (38.1% ± 2.3; p < 0.05). NTs overate by 11% ± 5 after the soup compared to MTs and STs who underrate by 16% ± 6 and 26% ± 10, respectively (p < 0.01). These data suggest that small discrepancies in short-term energy compensation and selection of fat after a mixed-nutrient, high-fat preload may play a role in positive energy balance and increased adiposity in women with the PROP non-taster phenotype.
Does sickle cell disease increase risk of adverse outcomes following total hip and knee arthroplasty? A nationwide database study.

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with impaired vascular function and progressive vaso-occlusive injury to bones. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify all THA and TKA admissions between 1998 and 2010. After controlling for patient age, gender, insurance, race, and comorbidities, the risk of complication among admissions with SCD was 152% higher ( P P =0.001) for TKA. Patients with SCD had a length of stay that was 42% longer ( P P P P =0.001) for TKA. Orthopedic surgeons should counsel potential THA and TKA candidates with SCD of these risks prior to admission.
On the International Implications of Outer Space

Though only a few years old, the Russian-American “space race” is in full swing and it is clear, even at this early stage of outer space technology, that it will present both countries with new opportunities and new dangers. From the American viewpoint we are especially interested in these related questions: First, how will outer space activities affect the external situation within which the United States seeks to promote its security and welfare? Second, how can the United States manipulate space developments in order to improve its security and welfare? And third, how should the United States concert its space policy with other elements of its foreign, defense, and domestic policies
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPINIONS ABOUT MENTAL ILLNESS AND MENTAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AMONG PSYCHIATRIC AIDES

The Opinions About Mental Illness Scale and a job-related mental health knowledge test were administered to 61 psychiatric aides in a mental hospital. Scores on the knowledge test were significantl...
Derecho and MCS Development, Evolution, and Multiscale Interactions during 3–5 July 2003

Abstract From 3 to 5 July 2003 during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX), multiple mesoscale convective systems (MCSs 1 and 2) and derechos (derechos AN, AS, A, BW, and BE) progressed across a preferred upper Midwest corridor. The derechos evolved in a favorable synoptic-scale environment. However, the environmental details associated with each derecho, such as the characteristics of the initial surface boundary, the formation position relative to the upper-level jet stream, the presence of an upper-level mesoscale disturbance, and the CAPE/shear environment varied from derecho to derecho. The MCSs and derechos composed three distinct convective episodes. Multiple mesoscale interactions between the MCSs and derechos and the environment altered the character and longevity of these episodes. The first convective episode consisted of derecho A, which formed from merging derechos AN and AS (northern and southern systems, respectively). The ∼200-hPa-deep cold pool associated with d...
Separably-infinite programs

Separably-infinite programs are a class of linear infinite programs that are related to semi-infinite programs and which have applications in economics and statistics. These programs have an infinite number of variables and an infinite number of constraints. However, only a finite number of variables appear in an infinite number of constraints, and only a finite number of constraints have an infinite number of variables. Duality in this class of programs is studied and used to develop a system of nonlinear equations satisfied by optimal solutions of the primal and dual programs. This nonlinear system has uses in numerical techniques for solving separably-infinite programs.
Chiral escape of bark beetles from predators responding to a bark beetle pheromone

Two species of predatory beetles that locate their prey, Ips pini, by responding to its aggregation pheromone have different chiral preferences to ispdienol than does the herbivore. This suggests that chiral disparity may provide some escape for bark beetles from predation, and that geographic variation in herbivore communication systems may be partially due to predator - imposed selection pressures. These results also suggest ways in which the semiochemical and biological control of North America's most damaging group of forest insects can be improved.
Multifocal Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: a case report.

Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology, characterised by the proliferation of histiocytic cells in various tissues and organs. The role of the otolaryngologist is important in the early and accurate evaluation, staging and diagnosis of LCH, as it may mimic more common otological disorders. We report the case of a 2-year-old child presenting with LCH and review the literature concerning this rare disease. Presentation in our case was with a common aural polyp, refractory to medical treatment, which when biopsied, revealed LCH. Radiological evaluation showed multifocal disease. A sound knowledge of the disease process in vital to the otolaryngologist, thus enabling rapid diagnosis and early treatment for a commonly fatal condition.
The neighborhood and home environments: disparate relationships with physical activity and sedentary behaviors in youth.

Background: To increase participation in physical activity, it is important to understand the factors associated with a child’s choice to be physically active or sedentary. The neighborhood and home environments may be related to this choice.Purpose: To determine whether the neighborhood environment or number of televisions in the home environment are independently associated with child physical activity and television time.Methods: The associations of the neighborhood and home environments on active and sedentary behaviors were studied in 44 boys and 44 girls who wore accelerometers and recorded their television watching behaviors. Neighborhood environment variables were measured using extensive geographic information systems analysis.Results: Hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict physical activity after controlling for individual differences in age, socioeconomic status, percentage overweight, and time the accelerometer was worn in Step 1. Sex of the child was added in Step 2. A neighborhood design variable, street connectivity, accounted for an additional 6% (p≤·01) of the variability in physical activity in Step 3. A block of variables including a measure of neighborhood land use diversity, percentage park area, and the interaction of Percentage Park Area × Sex then accounted for a further 9% (p≤·01) of the variability in physical activity in Step 4. Increased access to parks was related to increased physical activity in boys but not in girls. The number of televisions in the home accounted for 6% (p≤·05) of the variability in television watching behavior. Neighborhood environment variables did not predict television watching that occurs in the home.Conclusion: The neighborhood environment is more strongly associated with physical activity of boys than girls. Sedentary behaviors are associated with access to television in the home environment. To promote physical activity in children, planners need to design environments that support active living and parents should limit access to television viewing in the home.
Musical fingerprints: collaboration around home media collections

As people collect more and more digital music, photos, and video, the growing scale of the collection challenges how families share and collaborate around home media collections. We studied the intersection between physical and digital media collections. Through 20 two hour, in home interviews, we explored the when, why, and how of the households' organization, access and sharing. Our grounded approach is framed through the use of the media lifecycle and the spectrum of intimacy of the collector and others involved in the stages of the lifecycle. We found a range of accommodations to facilitate collaboration around media collections in the home. For example, media collections often begin with an individual, but as they become shared and integrated into a household, a member of the household will often play a key curatorial role that includes making changes to the organizational scheme, setting aside sub-collections and selecting items to play that account for the entire household's taste. Our findings identify key practices that can inform the design of future media software for the home.
Statistics connected with the uniform distribution: percentage points and application to testing for randomness of directions.

Originally it had been intended to tabulate the percentage points of the P, Q and T distributions in connexion with a specific problem, now considered in ? 3. The emphasis was shifted to the statistics themselves when it was pointed out that there might be other problems in which they could be useful. In particular, Table 1, which gives percentage points for the sample mean, should have other applications. It should be useful, for instance, in testing for Poisson processes, where some of the tests reduce to testing whether N variates can be assumed to come from the uniform distribution with limits 0, 1. In a similar way, the wide class of goodness-of-fit tests of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Cramer-von Mises family reduce to the same problem. For the Poisson processes, at least, the sample mean will sometimes be the best test statistic against certain alternatives (see, e.g. Lewis, 1965; Cox, 1955), and even for the general goodness-of-fit problem it can be a useful statistic (see Pearson, 1963). Professor James Durbin has also pointed out an application in time series analysis, deriving from the fact that, for a series of normally distributed independent variates, the periodogram ordinates, when divided by their sum, have distributions like the successive differences between ordered independent values from the above uniform distribution. In the next section we discuss the construction of the tables. Table 1 extends tables previously given in different format by Bhate (1951), and by Eisenhart, Deming & Martin (1963); it gives some small differences from Bhate's table, for larger values of N.
Effects of chronic nicotine, acute hypoxia, and their interactions on myocardial enzymes.

Abstract Male rats were treated with either 1.14 or 4.56 mg/kg/day of nicotine alkaloid in the drinking water for 34 weeks. Half of each group and an equal number of untreated controls were then exposed to 6% oxygen at 23°C for 12 hours. Immediately after the hypoxia, and at intervals thereafter, hematocrits were measured, the hearts were examined for lesions and assayed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), isocitric dehydrogenase linked to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (ICDH-NADP), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme activities in the soluble fraction of heart homogenate; and for acid phosphatase (AP) and β-glucuronidase (β-G) in the soluble and particulate fractions. No effects were observed on the hematocrits. Treatment with the larger dose of nicotine increased ICDH-NADP and particulate AP activities, and decreased soluble β-G activity. Hypoxia elevated activities of G-6-PDH, LDH5, particulate AP, and both soluble and particulate β-G. Mortality during hypoxia was increased by pretreatment with the larger dose of nicotine. The regression of hypoxic heart lesions became highly variable following nicotine pretreatment. Pretreatment with nicotine also reduced the effect of hypoxia on β-G activity and altered some effects of hypoxia on LDH isoenzymes. The possible significance of these interactions is discussed.
Optical Tweezers Measure Forces in a Single Biopolymer Molecule

Microscopic dielectric beads are trapped at a laser beam focus. These beads are then used as handles to mechanically stress single biopolymer molecules and measure their response. Properties such as entropic elasticity, alternate structural states and unfolding/refolding kinetic are observed in single molecules of DNA, RNA or protein.
A Decade of Progress in Lymphoma: Advances and Continuing Challenges

Our ability to manage patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma has improved dramatically in the past decade. The survival of patients with the two most frequent lymphomas (ie, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma), have improved significantly with the incorporation of rituximab as a standard treatment regimen. New insights into the biology of lymphomas provided by studying patterns of gene expression have improved our ability to classify these diseases. Identifying the treatments most effective with different patterns of gene expression offers the opportunity to further improve treatment outcomes. We now cure most patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, but the past decade has seen advances in our ability to identify patients who are most likely to be cured with less toxic treatment approaches. Unfortunately, our ability to improve the treatment of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma has not kept pace with the management of those suffering from B-cell lymphomas. However, better classification systems, improved understanding of the biology of these disorders, and clinical trials aimed specifically at identifying optimal regimens for patients with aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphomas offer hope to improve treatment results over the next decade.
A 5-GHz CMOS Type-II PLL With Low $K_{\rm VCO}$ and Extended Fine-Tuning Range

A 5-GHz dual-path integer-N Type-II phase-locked loop (PLL) uses an LC voltage-controlled oscillator and softly switched varactors in an overlapped digitally controlled integral path to allow a large fine-tuning range of approximately 160 MHz while realizing a low susceptibility to noise and spurs by using a low K VCO of 3.2 MHz/V. The reference spur level is less than -70 dBc with a 1-MHz reference frequency and a total loop-filter capacitance of 26 pF. The measured phase noise is -75 and -115 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz and 1-MHz offsets, respectively, using a loop bandwidth of approximately 30 kHz. This 0.25-mm2 PLL is fabricated in a 90-nm digital CMOS process and consumes 11 mW from a 1.2-V supply.
Experimental tests of the theory of an amplitude-limited correlation detector

A sensitive correlation detector has been constructed in which the input signal and noise voltages are amplitude-limited. The correlator is described and experimental results are given in support of the theory. A method of analysing the data from the correlator to obtain the maximum output signal/noise ratio is discussed for the case where the signal and noise voltages depend on slowly varying functions of time. Particular reference is made to the analysis of data from observations with the stellar intensity interferometer for which the correlator was specifically designed. It is concluded that the dual-channel amplitude-limited correlator is stable and that it can be used to obtain accurate, meaningful and linear results despite the non-linear operations involved.
THE RISE AND FALL OF A NORTHERN SONG FAMILY: THE BAOS OF LUZHOU

This is a case study of the Baos of Luzhou, an important Northern Song (960–1127) elite family. Based on multiple biographies, archeological findings, and local gazetteers, the present article examines the lives of three generations of Bao men and women, starting with the renowned statesman Bao Zheng (999–1062). It argues that Bao Zheng’s quick rise to the national scene confirms the openness of the political system to new arrivals during the Northern Song. Despite Bao’s early success, his and his descendants’ failure to consolidate the fortunes of the family led to its irrevocable decline by the early twelfth century. In addition to delineating details relating to the rise and fall of the Baos, this article highlights the overwhelming task of family preservation and the vulnerability of elite status in the Northern Song.
High power pulsed terahertz radiation from large area plasmonic photoconductive emitters

We experimentally demonstrate a novel large area photoconductive emitter based on a two dimensional array of plasmonic contact electrode gratings to achieve better optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies compared to conventional designs. The use of plasmonic contact electrodes enhances the time-varying dipole moment induced within the device active area by offering a more efficient separation and acceleration of optically-generated carriers. Pulsed terahertz radiation powers as high as 3.8 mW over 0.1–5 THz frequency range are achieved at 240 mW optical pump power.
705 Pre-Operative Cardiac Variables and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Bilateral Lung Transplants

(ECMO) or extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA) is temporary used as a bridge to lung transplantation (LTX). This study was designed to compare survival after LTX in patients requiring ECMO with that of patients not pre-op supported by ECMO. Methods and Materials: From 2002 to 2011 137 patients underwent LTX. 53% of patients presented with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and markedly elevated pulmonary artery pressure (70%). Results: 14 patients required pre LTX ECMO or ECLA support (age 40.3 14 years, double-LTX 85.7%, female gender 57%) compared to 123 patients without pre LTX ECMO or ECLA use (age 53.1 12 years, double-LTX 51%, female gender 40.7%). Two patients from this 14 patients supported by ECMO or ECLA died before the LTX. One patient supported by ECLA was weaned from this support and successfully transplanted. Five additional patients were intra-operatively ECMO supported, and in six of these patients ECMO use was directly extended into the post-operative period. Nine patients required early ( 7 days) post-operatively ECMO support primarily for severe graft dysfunction. Seven patients underwent delayed ECMO support for rejection. The short-term and midterm survival was not significantly reduced in pre LTX ECMO / ECLA patients (LogRank p 0.28). The 30-day, 90-day and 1-year survival was 87.7%, 80.3% and 73.2% in the patients without ECMO, compared to 83.3%, 66.7% and 66.7% in the pre LTx ECMO /ECLA patients. Conclusions: ECMO-supported patients represent the very sickest patient group of an already existing high-risk population with end-stage pulmonary disease. Although survival after LTX is not significantly reduced when pre LTX ECMO / ECLA use is necessary.
Consumption of Nuts in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in highly developed and low- and middle-income nations is cardiovascular disease (CVD). The establishment of healthy dietary patterns is one of the cornerstones of CVD prevention, and nuts have emerged as favorable components of dietary patterns associated with reducing the CVD epidemic. The etiological connection between nuts for the prevention of CVD is based upon several lines of evidence. First, nuts are nutrient-dense whole foods that contain a distinctive mix of macronutrients, specific micronutrients and non-nutrients that have been associated with cardioprotection. Second, numerous human feeding trials have demonstrated that nut intake improves the serum lipid profile, reduces oxidation and inflammation, and improves vascular reactivity. Third, nut consumption is consistently associated with a reduced risk of CVD in many epidemiological studies. Lastly, a recent large randomized clinical trial conducted in Spain demonstrated that consuming mixed nuts daily lowers CVD risk by 30 %.
Freedom and Domination: The Garden of Eden and the Social Order

A study of the Garden of Eden mythology as it appears in three cultural contexts-ancient Jewish, early Christian, and early American-sheds light on the relationship between cultural forms and social organization. The paper argues that cultural expressions play a definitional role in boundary maintenance at times of social crisis. The Garden of Eden imagery was used for symbolic expression of conflicts among social groups, acting at times as a vehicle for conflict, and in other instances as a means of reducing conflict. By both compensating for fragmentation and social deficiencies on the one hand (the compensatory aspect of culture), and by reflecting the interests of status groups and individuals on the other (the reflective aspect of culture), the Eden saga provided symbolic expression of the issue central to processes of boundary maintenance, social change, and conflict.
CRP as a Mediator of Disease

Of the various hypotheses offered to explain atherosclerosis, inflammation now appears to provide a key to this pathological process. Inflammation has been shown to play a major role in precipitating a cascade of events from formation of the atheromatous lesion in response to vascular injury through lipid ingestion by macrophages, to subsequent rupture of the lesion, and myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis shares many inflammatory features with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, and drugs that block the inflammatory cytokine pathway now provide effective treatment for RA. In animal models, blockers of the inflammatory cytokine pathway appear to block mononuclear cell binding to arterial plaque. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, may also play a proinflammatory role in activating monocyte chemotactic protein. Antiatherosclerotic drugs may be exerting some of their beneficial effects by inhibiting the harmful effects of CRP.
Entropy generation and hydrodynamic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions

The spectra of pions, protons, and deuterons from collisions of Ar on KCl at a beam energy of 800 MeV per nucleon have been computed in a conventional hydrodynamic approach. Extreme softening of the finite temperature form of the nuclear equation of state leads to significant differences in the number of emitted particles of each species, although there is still too little entropy and too few pions produced as compared with experiment.
Retained nasal tube bridle system insertion stylet presenting as nasal foreign body: A report of two cases

Abstract Objectives We aim to present two cases of a retained insertion stylet from nasal feeding tube bridle systems. Study design Case series of two patients. Methods Patients were evaluated from 8/2012 to 9/2013 for retained bridle system insertion stylet. Results Two patients presented with a retained stylet from nasal tube bridle system. The patients presented one day and two months after discharge from the hospital, respectively. They were both removed at the bedside. Conclusions Some institutions use a bridle system to secure nasal feeding tubes. Physicians must be aware of the insertion stylet as a potential source of a retained nasal foreign body.
Children's Perceptions of Their Day Care Experiences.

Results of a study focused on using a Day Care Center Toy and Interview Questionnaire to obtain information about preschool children's perceptions of their day care experiences are summarized. Fifty‐eight preschool children from a variety of day care centers were interviewed about their liking for day care, selected problem situations, day care activities, and behaviors of their teachers. These children were able to express their thoughts and feelings about day care with the Day Care Center Toy and Interview Questionnaire through role playing, manipulation of objects, and verbal expression of concerns. Interscorer agreement in evaluating the interview data ranged from 92% to 100%. The Day Care Center Toy and Interview Questionnaire shows promise as a means of aiding early childhood educators in obtaining information about preschool children's perceptions of their day care experiences.
Teaching to the Test…or Testing to Teach: Exams Requiring Higher Order Thinking Skills Encourage Greater Conceptual Understanding

In order to test the effect of exam-question level on fostering student conceptual understanding, low-level and high-level quizzes and exams were administered in two sections of an introductory biology course. Each section was taught in a high-level inquiry based style but was assigned either low-level questions (memory oriented) on the quizzes and exams, or high-level questions (application, evaluation, and analysis) on the quizzes and exams for the entirety of the semester. A final exam consisting of 20 low-level and 21 high-level questions was given to both sections. We considered several theoretical perspectives based on testing effect, test expectancy, and transfer-appropriate processing literature as well as the theoretical underpinnings of Bloom’s taxonomy. Reasoning from these theoretical perspectives, we predicted that high-level exams would encourage not only deeper processing of the information by students in preparation for the exam but also better memory for the core information (learned in the service of preparing for high-level questions). Results confirmed this prediction, with students in the high-level exam condition demonstrating higher performance on both the low-level final-exam items and the high-level final exam items. This pattern suggests that students who are tested throughout the semester with high-level questions acquire deep conceptual understanding of the material and better memory for the course information, and lends support to the proposed hierarchical nature of Bloom’s taxonomy.
Dynamics of oligomeric proteins

Abstract Pressure dissociation of oligomeric proteins is followed by a time-dependent loss in free energy of subunit association. This is revealed by hysteresis in the cycle of compression and decompression and by slow recovery of enzymic activity and spectral properties after decompression. It is attributed to a “conformational drift” of the separated subunits which brings about a heterogeneous population of aggregates after decompression. The often-observed cold inactivation of oligomeric enzymes appears to proceed through a cycle of dissociation, monomer conformational drift and formation of enzymically inactive aggregates, and a cycle gives rise to the dependence of the free energy of association upon the degree of dissociation observed in some dimer proteins. This latter phenomenon is clearly predicted by a stochastic simulation of the concentration dependence of dimer-monomer equilibria with and without drift. By extension from the observed phenomena, and the theory that underlies them, it is concluded that oligomeric aggregates are essentially unstable entities which will always in time generate a heterogeneous population of aggregates and ultimately separate, drifted monomers.
Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Decreases the Vascular Response to Angiotensin II

Background— Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) regulates production of the reduced form of NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD may therefore affect superoxide anion production via vascular NADPH oxidase, which is key in mediating the vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II). We determined the hypertensive and vascular hypertrophic response to Ang II in G6PD-deficient mice. Methods and Results— Ang II (0.7 mg/kg per day) was infused via subcutaneous osmotic pumps for 6 days in male hemizygote G6PD mutant (G6PDmut) and wild-type (WT) C3H mice. (1) Compared with WT, G6PDmut mouse aorta had 10% to 20% of G6PD activity and 50% less NADPH. (2) Basal systolic blood pressure was not significantly different in G6PDmut mice (WT 88±4 mm Hg versus G6PDmut 95±4 mm Hg), but Ang II increased blood pressure to a lower level in G6PDmut mice (WT 139±4 mm Hg versus G6PDmut 123±5 mm Hg; P<0.05). (3) Ang II increased aortic medial thickness less in G6PDmut mice (WT 71±2 μm versus G6PDmut 62±1 μm; P<0.0...
The future of programming languages

The lifespans of Computer languages are difficult to predict. And yet, if we are to properly meet the needs of Computer Science students, we must be able to choose the languages with survival strengths. This paper raises questions about the directions of programming languages, and assesses several of today's popular languages in terms of their future potential, both as teaching and commercial tools. It also offers suggestions for improving curricula and links between the levels of academia and industry.
Scaling Managerial Respect: A Developmental Perspective:

In an examination of what employees considered to be characteristic of excellent managers, it was found that trust and respect dominated all other categories of managerial behavior. An instrument to assess trust and respect was constructed by using the Rasch model. In an examination of item difficulty estimates, it was found that the item content could be described in terms of a developmental model of supervisor-subordinate relationships. The present paper describes the construction and preliminary validation process for the instrument and offers a probabilistic hierarchical developmental model.
Factors related to depression among higher income mothers with young children in day care centers

This study examined the association between maternal depression, maternal separation anxiety, social support, and maternal involvement in the day care center. A factor analysis identified a cluster of maternal involvement variables, including the amount of time spent in the center, frequency of communication with caregivers, maternal participation in caregiving, and mid‐day visits to the center. The sample consisted of 54 mothers with infants in on‐site, near‐site, and off‐site centers. Mothers who were more involved in the center reported less depression.
Cerebrosides alter the lyotropic and thermotropic phase transitions of DOPE:DOPC and DOPE:DOPC:sterol mixtures

Abstract Freezing injury in rye and oat is a consequence of the formation of the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase in regions where the plasma membrane is brought into close proximity with cytoplasmic membranes during freeze-induced dehydration. Susceptibility to plasma membrane destabilization and HII phase formation during freezing is associated with alterations in plasma membrane lipid composition. This paper examines the influence of lipid composition and hydration on the propensity of lipid mixtures of DOPE:DOPC and DOPE:DOPC:sterols with added cerebrosides (CER) to form the HII phase during dehydration. The addition of CER to DOPE:DOPC:β-sitosterol mixtures decreased the water content of the dispersions in a manner suggesting that most or all of the water in the dehydrated mixtures was associated with the phospholipids. The addition of CER significantly decreased the osmotic pressure at which the Lα→HII phase transition occurred from an osmotic pressure of 76.1 MPa for DOPE:DOPC (50:50) to 20 MPa in DOPE:DOPC:β-sitosterol:CER (22.5:22.5:50:5) and 8 MPa in DOPE:DOPC:β-sitosterol:CER (15:15:50:20). Experiments examining the effects of CER on the thermally-induced formation of the HII phase in fully hydrated mixtures and examining the influence of CER on the formation of the HII phase in DOPE:DOPC mixtures lacking β-sitosterol suggested that CER facilitated the Lα→HII phase transition by effecting a decrease in bilayer hydration and by increased lateral packing pressures within the acyl domain of the bilayer. Taken in sum, these data indicate that the differential propensity of the rye and oat plasma membranes to undergo freeze-induced formation of the Lα→HII phase cannot be attributed to one lipid species. Rather, the propensity towards freeze-induced membrane destabilization is a consequence of the summation of physical characteristics of the membrane lipid components that included bilayer hydration, packing pressures within the hydrophobic domain of the membrane, the propensity of the lipid components to demix, and the relative proportions of the various lipid components.
Plasma flow and magnetic mode rotation in the MST reversed-field pinch

Summary form only given, as follows. We measure the bulk fluid velocity with 100 kHz resolution in the MST reversed-field pinch (RFP). This diagnostic capability provides the ability to study the fast flow dynamics associated with locked modes. A fast duo-spectrometer simultaneously measures the red and blue Doppler shifts of spectral line radiation emitted by impurity ions in the hydrogen plasma. The phase velocity of the magnetic fluctuations of the tearing modes is measured with a toroidal array of magnetic pickup coils. Both velocities track each other very closely during the spinup phase between sawtooth events, typically reaching a maximum speed of about 20 km/s. Both slow down at the sawtooth crash within a few tens of microseconds. Locked modes in MST occur coincident with the large impulsive vertical field associated with a sawtooth event; they can also be controllably induced by a negatively biased electrode inserted into the plasma. After the onset of a locked mode the phase velocity of the magnetic fluctuations is zero, while the bulk fluid continues to flow at a velocity of few km/s.