cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain-rate effects in fibre-reinforced concrete subjected to impact and impulsive loading

Abstract One of the most important properties of fibre-reinforced concrete is its considerably improved impact resistance compared to that of the unreinforced matrix. Although tests for determining the impact resistance can be tailored to suit practical situations, a more basic knowledge of the mechanical properties of the composite at the high strain-rates caused by impact would pave the way for more rational analysis and design of fibre-reinforced concrete structures subjected to impact. In this paper the tests conducted by various investigators to assess the impact resistance of fibre-reinforced concrete are reviewed, and some recent work conducted by the authors to obtain more basic material properties is presented.
Inductive-like stimulation of RNA and protein synthesis by calcium in heart slices.

Abstract RNA and protein synthesis in the myocardium were stimulated after a short preincubation period with calcium. This elevation of macromolecular synthesis persisted in the absence of the ion for at least four hours. It appears that the uptake and/or the concentration of intracellular calcium induced a persistent and optimum enhancement of RNA and protein synthesis.
Interorgan glutamine metabolism in the tumor-bearing rat.

Abstract The effects of progressive malignant disease on gut/liver glutamine metabolism were studied in order to gain further insight into the altered glutamine metabolism that characterizes the host with cancer and to further elucidate the causes and consequences of glutamine depletion in tumor-bearing rats. Rats were inoculated on Day 0 with 2 × 106 viable fibrosarcoma cells and blood glutamine was measured every 6 days. On Day 24 the animals underwent laparotomy and sampling of arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous blood. Arterial glutamine fell by more than one-third in tumor-bearing rats and the arterial-portal venous concentration difference for glutamine across the intestinal tract was diminished by 50% (P
Dry Matter Accumulation and Dinitrogen Fixation of Annual Medicago Species

Assessment of the N2 fixation potential of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in the upper Midwest is important for predicting the net N contribution to cropping systems. Our objectives were to determine the dry matter (DM) accumulation pattern of herbage, roots, and nodules of several annual medic species used as summer annuals and to measure the percentage and amount of N derived from N2 fixation by annual medics using isotope dilution and difference methods. Experiments were conducted on a Hubbard loamy sand (Udorthentic Haploboroll) at Becker, MN, and a Tallula silt loam (Typic Hapludoll) at Rosemount, MN. The experimental design at both locations was a randomized complete block with six replicates. Medicago truncatula Gaertn., M. polymorpha L., M. scutellata (L.) Mill., and M. rugosa Desr. were inoculated with commercial rhizobial inoculant and were seeded in late May. Herbage, root, and nodule DM of N 2 -fixing annual medics continued to increase until about 72 d after planting (DAP). The highest maximum herbage, root, and nodule DM yields were 10 669, 648, and 169 kg ha -1 , respectively, from M. polymorpha in 1993. Based on the estimate from the isotope dilution (ID) method, herbage of annual medics at maximum DM accumulation contained 86% N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a reference crop, or 79% Ndfa, using noninoculated M. rugosa as a reference crop. The amount of Ndfa in annual medic herbage ranged from 100 to 200 kg ha -1 based on estimates using either the ID method or the difference method (D-method), with M. polymorpha producing the highest and M. rugosa producing the lowest amount. Estimates of Ndfa from the ID and D-methods were strongly correlated. We conclude that annual medics have the potential to contribute a significant amount of N to cropping systems when seeded in the spring and harvested or incorporated into the soil 2 to 3 mo. later.
Microsystems for controlled genetic perturbation of live Drosophila embryos: RNA interference, development robustness and drug screening

A combination of genetic regulation and microenvironmental perturbation might prove especially useful for identifying the fundamental mechanisms responsible for development biology and critical bio-chemical networks. This could transform our understanding of genomics, proteomics, and drug discovery and lead to personalized drugs and molecular diagnostics for improved healthcare. With the complete sequencing of the Drosophila melanogaster, there has been a growing interest in correlating its genetics to human disease. The Drosophila embryo is an excellent whole-animal model, and is ideal for high throughput analysis. This review highlights research on the recent development of miniature tools to study critical cellular processes in Drosophila embryogenesis. First, we discuss the use of micro-injectors to conduct chip-level RNA interference experiments on self-assembled Drosophila embryos in order to determine how genes contribute to the growth and function of a developing organism. Second, we review recent progress on perturbing the microenvironment as a complementary approach to perturbing the genetic components of the development network. We designed a bio-compatible microfluidic device that automatically positions live embryos within a fluid-filled imaging channel and exposes embryos to constant or biphasic temperature or different drug concentrations. We have demonstrated that a thermal gradient applied across live Drosophila embryos results in asynchronous cellularization. Additionally, preliminary drug screening experiments were carried out on live Drosophila embryos in both 96-well plates and microfluidic channels. Time-lapse differential interference contrast microscopic images were taken to show the effects of colchicine (399.40 Da) and cytochalasin D (507.62 Da) on cellularization.
Application of Radiative Transfer Theory to Acoustic Propagation in the Ocean Bottom

Acoustic scattering from the ocean bottom has been extensively studied by applying analytical methods based on the wave equation. This has the advantage of being mathematically rigorous but many of these techniques are not applicable for complex sediment environments with combined volume and rough surface scattering. In this research, the use of the radiative transfer (RT) theory is explored as a way to address layered ocean sediments with embedded scatterers in a computationally tractable manner. The RT formulation has been applied extensively in electromagnetic applications involving layered media and has been considered for acoustic waves with applications to ultrasound but has not previously been applied to acoustic scattering in ocean sediments. The RT theory uses principles of conservation of energy to describe the behavior of a wave propagating in a volume with random scatterers. Using this model, the non homogeneous volume can be characterized by emission and extinction coefficients which can be computed in closed form for scatterers such as elastic spheres, cavities or cylinders or by numerical methods or analytic approximations for more complex geometries. In this paper, an infinite half space of sand with embedded spherical cavities is considered. The Fresnel reflection/transmission coefficients are utilized to provide examples of the backscattered signal level that could be expected due to volume scattering. It is shown that for typical sandy sediments with small shear sound speed, the main contribution to the volume backscattering is due to longitudinal waves that couple from the sediment into the water column, while the coupling of vertical shear waves is weak.
Groups with free 2-generator subsemigroups

A torsion-free group G is termed an X-group if the subsemigroup generated by any pair of noncommuting elements of G contains a free semigroup of rank two. Similarly a torsion-free group G is termed a Y-group if either the subsemigroup generated by x and y is free or else the subsemigroup generated by x and y−1 is free whenever x and y are noncommuting elements of G. Our main result is that if A and T are respectively both X-groups or both Y-groups, then their standard wreath product A ∝ T is an X-group or a Y-group. It follows that free solvable groups are X-groups and also Y-groups, which generalizes earlier work of Mal'cev.
Mechanism of Radial Tear Formation and Extension after Anterior Capsulectomy

The mechanisms of anterior capsular radial tear formation and extension around the equator onto the posterior capsule were investigated in 57 eyes obtained postmortem. Experimental radial tears were created by gradual opening of a caliper. In 95% of cases, the tear immediately reached the equator but none extended to the posterior capsule. The elastic forces of the zonules attached to or crossing the edges of the tear resisted a widening of the gap between the edges and thus limited the radial progression of the rupture. A significantly stronger force and severing of the zonules were necessary for a tear to extend around the equator. The authors have determined that radial tears in the anterior capsule seldom extend around the equator, providing the zonules bridging the tear are intact. There is a diminution of the tearing force when the flaps are widely open. Careful surgery with preservation of the integrity of the capsular-zonular apparatus is a major factor in preventing major complications such as posterior capsular ruptures.
Accelerated Growth in Chickens and Turkeys Produced by 3-Nitro-4-Hydroxyphenylarsonic Acid

Abstract WHILE determining the amount of 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonicacid tolerated by chicks, in connection with studies on the therapeusis of coccidiosis, unexpected growth stimulation was observed in recipient birds. Morehouse and Mayfield (1946) reported briefly that this compound “had remarkable growth-stimulating properties.” Since these properties were still under investigation it was promised that a more complete report would be made at a later date. Bird, Groschke and Rubin (1948) reported growth stimulation in chicks receiving 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, thus confirming our observation. They wrote, “the growth of chickens fed diets high in soybean meal and deficient in the unknown dietary factor found in fishmeal and in cow manure was improved by the addition to the diet of 0.005 percent of 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid.” They found that the compound did not function as a substitute either for the unknown factor or for methionine. With diets containing raw soybeans, the arsonic acid derivative, the unknown factor, and . . .
Modulation of the cellular pharmacology and clinical toxicity of 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine

The effect of thymidine (dThd) and hydroxyurea (HU) on the cellular metabolism of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) was investigated in the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60. Both dThd and HU increased the cellular uptake and rate of formation of Ara-CTP. Measurement of ribo- and deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pools implicated a reduction of the dCTP as the mechanism of this effect. dThd and HU had opposite effects on the incorporation of Ara-C into DNA per unit time, but both enhanced the incorporation of Ara-C per unit of newly synthesized DNA. In a Phase I trial Ara-C was given by continuous infusion for five days at 100 mg/m2, and HU by mouth every six hours with dose escalation from 0.375 to 1.78 g/m2 every six hours. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity; the major nonhematologic toxicity was skin rash. To date responses have been observed in chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.
The Educational and Political Significance of the New Social Media: A Dialogue with Linda Herrera and Michael A. Peters:

The year 2010 was named the Year of Social Media, a technology of communication and for creating and exchanging ‘User Generated Content’. The year 2010 also marked the start of the Arab revolts whe...
Demonstration of a new genetic locus in the major histocompatibility system of the rat.

A new recombination within the major histocompatibility complex (RT1) of the rat has been detected. The recombination occurred between a wild-derived haplotype, provisionally designated p1, and the RT1 haplotype of the BN strain. The recombinant haplotype, designated p3, carries the RT1. A locus (classical histocompatibility antigens) of the BN strain, a locus from the BN strain that codes for the expression of an Ia antigen and strong mixed lymphocyte response (MLR), and a second locus derived from the p1 haplotype that controls the expression of a second Ia antigen, the ability to elicit a strong MLR and the immune response to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15). This recombinant therefore demonstrates the division of the RT1.B region into two loci, tentatively designated RT1.B and RT1.D, and provides evidence for the existence of at least four loci in the MHC of the rat.
EDI in strategic supply chain: impact on customer service

Many inter-organizational systems are increasingly using electronic data interchange (EDI) to support the strategic supply chain by way of delivering and processing business documents. In a vendor-customer relationship, EDI can provide many benefits to both organizations; one such benefit is improved customer service. This study examines the impact of EDI on customer service, when the vendor and customer utilize EDI in their distribution operations. The primary hypothesis is that EDI improves customer service. A number of secondary hypotheses dealing with specific components of customer service were also tested. Data was obtained by administering survey instruments to purchasing managers of firms in the automobile and pharmaceutical industries. The results provide strong support for most of the hypotheses. Specifically, EDI contributes to the following customer service components: order cycle time, product availability, distribution flexibility, distribution information, and distribution malfunction. An impact on post-sale product support was not discernible from the data. In addition, some industry influences were also observed on the impact of EDI.
Causing People to Exist and Saving People’s Lives

Most people are skeptical of the claim that the expectation that a person would have a life that would be well worth living provides a reason to cause that person to exist. In this essay I argue that to cause such a person to exist would be to confer a benefit of a noncomparative kind and that there is a moral reason to bestow benefits of this kind. But this conclusion raises many problems, among which is that it must be determined how the benefits conferred on people by causing them to exist weigh against comparable benefits conferred on existing people. In particular, might the reason to cause people to exist ever outweigh the reason to save the lives of existing people?
Local Granaries and Central Government Disaster Relief: Moral Hazard and Intergovernmental Finance in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century China

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Chinese state attempted to administer famine relief partly through a nationwide institution of local granaries. This article explores regional variations in the performance of this institution to understand the reasons for its ultimate breakdown. The evidence suggests granary storage levels were systematically lower in provinces that received more frequent central government disaster relief; and an unintended consequence of disaster relief was that it modified local incentives for self-insurance and led to an incompletely resolved moral-hazard problem. China’s experience provides an instructive example of the long-term dynamics present in intergovernmental policies. A prominent institution in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was a national system of state granaries. Some granaries were used to hold reserves for military or bureaucratic personnel, but many were also created to help smooth price shocks and food-supply fluctuations for the civilian population. Based on a far-reaching vision of the potential scope and function of the state in helping to provide social security in the event of food crises, these civilian granaries in effect accumulated local-level investments to counter food crises. The operation of the granaries, however, was uneven, and interregional shortfalls in granary stocks at times stood in contrast to the rough uniformity of the guidelines for the civilian granaries under the original plan. This article examines regional differences in the performance of this institution. I depart from conventional interpretations of the principle of the Qing administrative system by making the conflicts of intergovernmental incentives central to the analysis. The argument of the article is as follows. Local authorities at the provincial and subprovincial levels were required to maintain granaries primarily as a reserve in the event of famine. The granaries had to be supported in significant part with local investments, but the central government could not adequately monitor the actions of local offi
Analysis of turbulent flows by means of the empirical eigenfunctions

The method of empirical eigenfunctions is developed in a general framework. In particular it is shown that the method of snapshots leads to the determination of the empirical eigenfunctions in any number of dimensions in terms of an equivalent one-dimensional problem. The methodology is discussed within the framework of some turbulent simulations and it is shown how this facilitates the flow analysis. In another vein it is demonstrated that the empirical eigenfunctions lead to a generalization of the Kolmogorov inertial range theory. Finally we discuss the application of the empirical eigenfunctions to the determination of low-dimensional dynamical systems. Some speculations on future directions are also mentioned.
Estrogen metabolism as a risk factor for head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Estrogen metabolites have been associated in the pathogenesis of breast and cervical cancer; 16α-hydroxyestrone(16α-OHE1) demonstrated proliferative effects whereas 2-hydroxyestrone(2-OH...
Applications of ultra-high pressure in biotechnology: a symposium

I want to welcome everyone to the ‘Applications of ultra-high pressure in biotechnology: a symposium’. On behalf of Harvard Catalyst, we are delighted to be a co-host for this symposium with Pressure BioSciences Inc. I am Winston Kuo, Director of Harvard Catalyst Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies (HC-LITT). Our laboratory provides the Harvard research community with early access to leading-edge genomic and proteomic technologies. I would also like to introduce to you the other co-hosts of the symposium: Dr Vincent Ricchuiti, Director of Harvard Catalyst Central Laboratories (HCCL) and Dr Alexander Ivanov, Director of the Harvard School of Public Health Proteomics Resource (HPR). You will hear more about the resources they offer during the opening remarks of the sessions they will be chairing. Today you will hear a diversity of talks on the applications of using cycled ultra-high hydrostatic pressure technology, topics that range from forensics to sample preservation.
Mathematical model of HPV provides insight into impacts of risk factors and vaccine.

Over the next few years, we can expect to see the licensing of one or more prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, considered a necessary precursor to cervical cancer. Among over 40 known types of HPV, 15 have been identified as being “high risk” or oncogenic. The vaccines will likely target at least two of these oncogenic types, HPV types 16 and 18, which have been found to contribute to nearly 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide—although there is large variation in contribution by geographic region [ 1, 2]. Although cytology-based cervical cancer screening has been successful in decreasing the incidence of invasive cancer in many developed countries, vaccination may be the most promising intervention from a global perspective—reducing the burden of cervical cancer in resource-poor settings, where most cases occur.
Examination of a structured problem-solving flexibility task for assessing approaches to learning in young children: Relation to teacher ratings and children's achievement

This exploratory study used structured tasks as direct measures of approaches to learning to examine a potentially important domain of school readiness that is comprised of the multiple ways children engage in learning situations. A structured task designed to measure problem-solving flexibility was found to relate to a subset of a teacher rating system that included several aspects of approaches to learning; it predicted achievement both concurrently and 1 year later in a sample of 158 kindergarteners. The direct measure significantly added to the prediction of future achievement even after controlling for prior achievement, receptive vocabulary, and the more global teacher ratings. This study highlights the importance of approaches to learning and offers evidence for the potential of structured tasks to be developed to allow a multidimensional approach to the assessment of this important school readiness domain. Future efforts to guide and enhance children's successful transition into school are also discussed.
School-Based Early Childhood Education and Age-28 Well-Being: Effects by Timing, Dosage, and Subgroups

Advances in understanding the effects of early education have benefited public policy and developmental science. Although preschool has demonstrated positive effects on life-course outcomes, limitations in knowledge on program scale, subgroup differences, and dosage levels have hindered understanding. We report the effects of the Child-Parent Center Education Program on indicators of well-being up to 25 years later for more than 1400 participants. This established, publicly funded intervention begins in preschool and provides up to 6 years of service in inner-city Chicago schools. Relative to the comparison group receiving the usual services, program participation was independently linked to higher educational attainment, income, socioeconomic status (SES), and health insurance coverage, as well as lower rates of justice-system involvement and substance abuse. Evidence of enduring effects was strongest for preschool, especially for males and children of high school dropouts. The positive influence of four or more years of service was limited primarily to education and SES. Dosage within program components was mostly unrelated to outcomes. Findings demonstrate support for the enduring effects of sustained school-based early education to the end of the third decade of life.
Sialyl Lewis X, Lewis X, and N-acetyllactosamine expression on normal and glaucomatous eyes

Purpose. Sialyl Lewis X (sLe x) , Lewis X (Le x) , and N-acetyllactosamine are carbohydrate chains of neolactoglycoconjugates which are expressed by specific cell types and are important in the functioning of cells within an organism. This study attempts to determine the expression of these glycoconjugates on the conjunctiva, cornea, and trabecular meshwork (TM) of both normal and glaucomatous eyes. Methods. Frozen anterior segment sections of both normal and glaucomatous human cadaver eyes, as well as rabbit eyes, were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to neolactoglycoconjugates using an Avidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex/Alkaline Phosphatase staining method. Results. SLe x characteristically stained both human conjunctival and corneal epithelia in normal (n=5) and glaucomatous (n=5) sections. SLe x stained corneal and conjunctival epithelia of glaucomatous eyes much more intensely than normal eyes. Rabbit cornea sections stained for sLe x, Le x, and N-acetyllactosamine. However, human c...
A Method for Isolation and Purification of Specific Antibodies to a Protein Fused to the GST

The expression of foreign proteins in Escherichia coli using a GST-fusion system is established and gaining popularity as a method of choice for studying the function of particular proteins, to purify interacting factors, and to generate antibodies against fused proteins. However, there are several problems associated with this method. This paper describes a one day protocol to isolate the target protein and purify specific anitbodies in one tube using only GSH-sepharose resin. 4 refs.
Can You Starve a Body Without Organs? The Hunger Artists of Franz Kafka and Steve McQueen

This essay examines the anti-producing human body in its limit case of public self-induced starvation, as figured in Franz Kafka's short story ‘A Hunger Artist’ and Steve McQueen's film Hunger. Both works represent the fasting body as hollowed out, a resistance to capitalist-spectator capture that spatialises itself as a smoothing, a relative reconfiguration of parts to whole through the evacuation of flows. In both works the human body becomes a local body without organs, paradoxically disarticulated from the more complex assemblages that constitute it while recording potential circuits of disturbance or resonance predicated upon the porousness of bodily boundaries.
Effects of integrins on proliferation and apoptosis of renal epithelial cells after acute injury

Effects of integrins on proliferation and apoptosis of renal epithelial cells after acute injury. We sought to determine the importance of integrins for recovery after acute tubular injury and to investigate the signal transduction pathways for integrin effects on cell cycle regulation involving proliferation and apoptosis. Primary cultures of rat renal proximal tubule epithelial cells were exposed to a superoxide-generating system to induce injury in the absence of overt necrosis. Integrin function was antagonized by the integrin recognition sequence tetrapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) or monoclonal antibody to β 1 -integrin. Injured cells had reduced thymidine uptake compared with normal cells. The presence of GRGD during recovery from injury caused a further 44% reduction in DNA synthesis but did not affect DNA synthesis in normal cells. Injured cells had an increased proportion of apoptosis that was further accentuated by exposed to GRGD during recovery. Integrin antagonism also stimulated apoptosis in uninjured cells. To investigate signal transduction mechanisms for this effect of integrins, inhibitors and activators of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and protein kinase C (PKC) were evaluated. Activation of PKC stimulated cellular proliferation, whereas inhibitors of PKC and PTK had no significant effect. Genistein, a PTK inhibitor, induced apoptosis in normal cells, mimicking the effect of integrin inhibition. On the other hand, PMA, an activator of PKC, prevented cells from becoming apoptotic when exposed to injury plus GRGD. The phosphorylation status of intracellular proteins was evaluated by immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibody. A similar pattern of decreased phosphorylation was observed after either integrin inhibition, injury, both, or PTK inhibition. These findings suggest that kinase cascades are involved in the effects of integrins on renal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis. After injury, an interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix is required for cells to proliferate and contribute to repair rather than to enter an apoptotic pathway.
Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks Using a New Matching Formula

Statement of the Problem. Fit of prosthodontic frameworks is linked to the lifetime survival of dental implants and maintenance of surrounding bone. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the precision of fit of milled one-piece Titanium fixed complete denture frameworks to that of conventional cast frameworks. Material and Methods. Fifteen casts fabricated from a single edentulous CAD/CAM surgical guide were separated in two groups and resin patterns simulating the framework for a fixed complete denture developed. Five casts were sent to dental laboratories to invest, cast in a Palladium-Gold alloy and fit the framework. Ten casts had the resin pattern scanned for fabrication of milled bars in Titanium. Using measuring software, positions of implant replicas in the definitive model were recorded. The three dimensional spatial orientation of each implant replica was matched to the implant replica. Results. Results demonstrated the mean vertical gap of the Cast framework was 0.021 (
Characterization of spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ : CaZn2Y2Ge3O12 (CAZGAR)

A spectroscopic investigation and Judd-Ofelt analysis of Nd 3+ doped CaZn 2 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 (CAZGAR) has been performed. The broader absorption near 805 nm, longer fluorescence lifetime of 285 μs and the larger branching ratio of 40% for the 4 F 3/2 to 4 I 9/2 manifold are improvements over Nd 3+ :YAG as a 941 nm laser material. The effects of color centers induced by ultraviolet irradiation of CAZGAR are also discussed
Convergent functional groups XI. Selective binding of guanosine derivatives.

Abstract New synthetic receptors for guanosine derivatives are introduced and evaluated using solubility titration methods. Base-pairing and some aromatic stacking effects are observed in CDCl3.
Personality as a subclinical expression of the affective disorders

Abstract The literature on the relationship between personality traits and the various forms of affective disorder were reviewed. On the basis of this review, it was hypothesized that probands with primary unipolar affective disorder and their relatives would be significantly higher on cyclothymia, as measured by trait A of the 16 PF, and that no other significant correlations between depression and personality traits would be found. Contrary to the hypotheses, depressed probands and their relatives were lower than appropriate controls on cyclothymia. Evidence for the familial transmission of an increased amount of secondary trait Q II (adjustment versus anxiety) was found. It was speculated that the spectrum disorder involving subdepressive behavior (Q II ) and unipolar affective disorder is independently transmitted from the spectrum involving cyclothymia, bipolar I and II, and mania. 21 Designs to test these speculations were discussed.
Patterning self-assembled monolayers using microcontact printing: A new technology for biosensors?

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), formed upon the adsorption of ω-substituted alkanethiols on the surface of gold, allow control of the properties of a surface on the molecular scale. A new technique — microcontact printing (μCP) — can pattern the formation of SAMs, with dimensions on the micron scale. The convenience, low cost, and widespread application offered by SAMs and μCP make this combination of techniques especially suitable for producing and patterning surfaces relevant to biosensors.
Organization and Status of a Cooperative Great Lakes Regional Fish Larvae Collection

Abstract During 1976–1979, the authors organized a cooperative Great Lakes Regional Fish Larvae Collection (GLRFLC); collection, compilation, and organization continue to the present. GLRFLC objectives, informal support from the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and clearly established collection policies, curating, and data processing procedures provide long-term continuity and availability of GLRFLC material. Included in GLRFLC are some larval stages of 61 species of Great Lakes drainage basin fishes. An additional 56 species are housed in other collections cross-listed in GLRFLC. Four lists of GLRFLC data are available from the authors: (1) a summary of larval fish species from the drainage basin listed in the GLRFLC information system (2) GLRFLC holdings, (3) other collections cross-listed in GLRFLC, and (4) individuals interested in GLRFLC or aspects of larval fish biology. All data are stored in computer format to permit rapid information storage, editing, and retrieval. Specimen storage, maintenance, and shipping procedures promote availability and efficiency of specimen exchanges and loans.
Relaxin: an ovarian hormone in an avian species (Gallus domesticus).

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the biochemical, immunological, and biological activity of avian relaxin and to immunolocalize relaxin-like peptides in the ovary of the hen ( Gallus domesticus ). A relaxin-like peptide was partially purified from ovaries of actively laying hens by size-exclusion chromatography and further purified by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. Those fractions containing relaxin immunoreactivity were identified with the use of a homologous porcine relaxin radioimmunoassay on selected column effluent and pooled, and a sample was subjected to SDS–gel electrophoresis. The SDS–gel-separated proteins were electrotransferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane and immunostained with an antiserum to porcine relaxin which showed the presence of a single band of ≈6000 daltons. The dose–response curve generated by avian relaxin-like peptide in the homologous porcine relaxin radioimmunoassay was parallel to that produced by the porcine relaxin standard. Like porcine relaxin, avian relaxin-like peptide eluted from the Sephadex G-50 in an elution volume for a molecule of ≈6000 daltons, was retained on CM-cellulose, and was bioactive in in vitro inhibition of spontaneous contractions of estrogen-primed mouse uterus (a relaxin bioassay). Using an antiserum specific to porcine relaxin, avian relaxin-like peptide was immunolocalized to the granulosa cells of postovulatory follicle from ovary of a hen less than 24 hr postoviposition. No immunostaining was detected in the cells of the largest preovulatory follicles or when the antiserum was preabsorbed with porcine relaxin prior to staining. The finding of this study indicates that the avian postovulatory follicle, like the corpus luteum of other vertebrate species (sharks and mammals), contains a relaxin-like peptide.
The scatter of intracellular ionic concentration in the lobster circumesophageal axon

The intracellular potassium and sodium concentrations of the lobster circumesophageal axon was measured with an ultramicro integrative flame photometer. The average concentration of 376.1 mM/l vol for potassium and 63.8 mM/l vol for sodium that was determined was correlated with electrophysiological data. The large scatter of the concentration in individual axons is compared with measurements by other investigators and is discussed.
A cytoplasmic dynein tail mutation impairs motor processivity

Mutations in the tail of the cytoplasmic dynein molecule have been reported to cause neurodegenerative disease in mice. The mutant mouse strain Legs at odd angles (Loa) has impaired retrograde axonal transport, but the molecular deficiencies in the mutant dynein molecule, and how they contribute to neurodegeneration, are unknown. To address these questions, we purified dynein from wild-type mice and the Legs at odd angles mutant mice. Using biochemical, single-molecule, and live-cell-imaging techniques, we find a marked inhibition of motor run-length in vitro and in vivo, and significantly altered motor domain coordination in the dynein from mutant mice. These results suggest a potential role for the dynein tail in motor function, and provide direct evidence for a link between single-motor processivity and disease.
Pulse I-V characteristics measurement to study the dissipation mechanism in epitaxial YBa2Cu3Ox thin films at high current densities

Abstract A simple pulse method of measuring current-voltage characteristics ( I-V ) at high current densities is described. We report I-V s on epitaxial YBa 2 Cu 3 O x thin films at high current densities in the presence of a magnetic field parallel to the c -axis. The results show that the Bardeen-Stephen flux flow model does not account for dissipation at high current densities in YBa 2 Cu 3 O x thin films. In the presence of a magnetic field, we find qualitative agreement with a simple theoretical model based on dissipation caused by 2D vortices excited from the flux lines. In the absence of a magnetic field, a power law behavior arises due to current-induced depairing of thermally excited 2D vortices.
Numerical modeling of wave runup and forces on an idealized beachfront house

Abstract In this paper, a numerical wave model based on the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and k – e equations is used to estimate the impact of a solitary wave on an idealized beachfront house located at different elevations on a plane beach. The locations of the free surface are reconstructed by volume of fluid (VOF) method. The model is satisfactorily tested against the experimental data of wave runup, and the analytical solution of wave forces on vertical walls. The time histories of wave profiles, forces, and overturning moments on the idealized house are demonstrated and analyzed. The variations of wave forces and overturning moments with the elevation of the idealized beachfront house are also investigated.
812 MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE (MVP) AS A FEATURE OF FRONTO METAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA (FMD)

FMD is a rare disorder of the bone and connective tissue consisting of a characteristic facies, prominent bony supraorbital ridges, progressive mixed hearing loss, and a series of musculo-skeletal alterations including limited joint motion and poorly developed musculature, especially of the hypothenar and interosseous muscles of the hands. Other clinical findings include micrognathia and abnormal dentition with retained deciduous teeth. Roetgenographic examination demonstrates hyperostosis of calvarium with a “Nazi helmet” configuration of the cranial vault, thick frontal ridges with absence of frontal sinuses and splayed metaphysis of the long bones. A heart murmur has been reported in a third of the cases, however, no further delineation of the cardiovascular findings have been made. We would like to report a 15 year old patient with typical features of this disorder who had MVP diagnosed by abnormal physical and echocardiographic findings. With mounting evidence that MVP may be a systemic connective tissue disorder, the findings of MVP in our patient is most likely related to the underlying connective tissue defect. Although MVP tends to be a benign disorder, it has been associated with infective endocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis is mandatory. In light of the potential morbidity, it is recommended that patients with FMD be investigated for the presence of MVP.
Dislocation substructure in Ta--Re--N alloys deformed at 77 K

High purity Ta, Ta-Re, and Ta-Re-N alloy single crystals were deformed in tension at 77 K, and the resulting dislocation arrangements were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Re and N have similar effects on the dislocation substructure. Alloying increases the fraction of primary screw dislocations at the expense of debris, tangling, and secondary dislocations. For a given increment in yield stress, Re causes much larger changes in the substructure than N. The substructures observed in Ta-Re-N alloys are similar to those in Ta-Re alloys, even though ternary alloys exhibit alloy softening and binary alloys exhibit alloy hardening. These observations can be explained in terms of the different intrinsic mobilities of edge and screw dislocations, the different interactions which substitutionals and interstitials have with edge and screw dislocations, and the large differences in concentration of substitutional and interstitial solutes.
Characteristics of 10 processing tomato cultivars grown hydroponically for the NASA Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program

Abstract Ten hydroponically grown processing tomato cultivars were characterized, in order to identify the most appropriate cultivar for direct consumption and processing for NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program. Tomatoes were grown under semi-controlled environmental conditions at a Rutgers University greenhouse. The performance of each cultivar was evaluated using growth and yield indicators, physical/chemical indexes and sensory testing. Most quality indexes showed significant differences between cultivars, although their values remained in the typical ranges for processing tomatoes. The primary use of this information is to assist NASA in the decision on the most appropriate processing tomato cultivar for ALS use. The cultivar selected was SUN 6177, which ranked best in growth/yield and physical/chemical characteristics and in sensory attributes, and was second in consumer liking. The data generated in this study is of equal interest for comparing hydroponically grown fresh consumption and processing tomatoes, as well as for evaluating the effects of hydroponic growth on processing tomatoes.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF A COMPOSITE HIP PROSTHESIS

Summary Hip prostheses made from thick laminated composite material were cyclically tested under biaxial compressive loading. Fatigue damage was studied using X-ray radiography, a surface replication, and sectioning of the specimens. It has been shown that damage in the neck region occurred predominantly in form of matrix cracking along fiber directions in the major load-carrying plies. These matrix cracks initiated from the surface of the medial-posterior corner, as a result of local high compressive stress, extended to the lateral side, and distributed toward the anterior side, with an increase of applied cycles. We also briefly outlined a life-prediction model for predicting the remaining life and strength of the composite prosthesis based on a “critical element” concept, as well as how laboratory test results can be used in the model.
A new Ph.D. for a new era

Reviews key issues face by our English department as we developed and proposed our new Ph.D. in Texts and Technology, a research program that melds textual studies with new digital technologies. Research will include historical and theoretical as well as empirical approaches to "texts" conceived broadly to include words, images, multimedia, hypertext, interactivity, simulations and virtual reality. As first coordinator of this program, I have found chief concerns to be disciplinary boundaries and information technologies. Questions arose about the appropriateness of this program for an English department and about the digital intensiveness of the program. Our resolution of these concerns will be of interest to those developing doctoral program or bringing technological emphases to existing programs in humanities areas.
Interactive view-dependent rendering with conservative occlusion culling in complex environments

This paper presents an algorithm combining view-dependent rendering and conservative occlusion culling for interactive display of complex environments. A vertex hierarchy of the entire scene is decomposed into a cluster hierarchy through a novel clustering and partitioning algorithm. The cluster hierarchy is then used for view-frustum and occlusion culling. Using hardware accelerated occlusion queries and frame-to-frame coherence, a potentially visible set of clusters is computed. An active vertex front and face list is computed from the visible clusters and rendered using vertex arrays. The integrated algorithm has been implemented on a Pentium IV PC with a NVIDIA GeForce 4 graphics card and applied in two complex environments composed of millions of triangles. The resulting system can render these environments at interactive rates with little loss in image quality and minimal popping artifacts.
Genetic diversity and virulence of Rhizoctonia species associated with plantings of Lotus corniculatus

Species of Rhizoctonia cause a blight of Lotus corniculatus, a perennial forage legume. We characterized genetic variation and virulence in populations of R. solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia's associated with diseased L. corniculatus in field plantings over several years. Isolates of anastomosis groups AG-1 and AG-4 accounted for the R. solani recovered from diseased leaf and shoot tissues. Isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia were recovered predominantly from soil and associated plant debris. Isolates of R. solani were more virulent on leaves and shoots of L. corniculatus than were binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates. Numerous unique DNA restriction patterns were observed among binucleate isolates and anastomosis groups of R. solani. Variation in restriction patterns was greater among isolates of AG-1 from the lower plant canopy than from the upper canopy. No restriction pattern was shared by any isolate from AG-1 and AG-4. Allelic and genotypic heterogeneity of AG-1 isolates were also greater in the lower plant canopy. Binucleate isolates exhibited greater heterogeneity than AG-1 isolates from either canopy region. L. corniculatus offers significant opportunities for investigating temporal and spatial dynamics of genetic structure of Rhizoctonia populations in perennial plant systems.
CMOS integrated circuit for differential monitoring of spacecraft battery cell voltages

The paper describes a circuit technique that enables the differential monitoring of battery cell voltages to be combined with digital logic on a single CMOS chip. Junction isolation of the n-well and thick MOS capacitors are used to remove the high common mode voltage present at each battery cell. The resulting small voltage is ground referenced and can be processed by on-chip AD converters.
The de Sitter-invariant differential equations and their contraction to Poincaré and Galilei

We construct the second-order scalar differential equations invariant under the de Sitter, Poincare and Galilei groups in two-dimensional space-time and show how they can be related by a group contraction procedure. A step toward a systematical study of this kind of relationship is presented.
Thin slit diffraction in conventional and dual composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials

This paper presents the thin slit diffraction in two-dimensional metamaterials, using both composite right/left-handed (CRLH) and dual composite right/left-handed (d-CRLH) models. As shown, for a physically realizable choice of material parameters, both CRLH and d-CRLH metamaterials show strong discrimination of temporal input frequencies in regimes where group velocity is small.
Mycoplasma arthritidis Pathogenicity: Membranes, MAM, and MAV1

In 1937, W. A. Collier, working in Java, came into possession of a wild rat with unusual swellings in its hind legs. When injected into laboratory rats, material from the lesions induced a migratory, inflammatory polyarthritis (29). In 1938, two researchers from Columbia University discovered a “pyogenic filterable agent,” possibly a virus, that induced a severe systemic infection with joint swelling, hind limb paralysis, and rapid weight loss on intravenous (iv) injection (91). At the same time, Emmy Klieneberger and her colleagues at the Lister Institute in London were systematically characterizing and classifying an unusual group of microorganisms called “pleuropneumonia-like organisms” (PPLO), which were turning up with remarkable regularity in a wide variety of animals. They had seen phenomena similar to those reported by the other two groups in both wild and laboratory rats, and, using Klieneberger’s “special medium,” succeeded in isolating the responsible agents and identifying them as PPLOs. These agents were designated L4 and L7 (37, 53). The Columbia University strain was shown to be identical to L4 (52, 90), although Collier’s strain was lost at the beginning of World War II before it could be thoroughly characterized (52). Over the next few years, similar isolates turned up in a variety of settings (37, 53, 65). Transplanted rat lymphosarcoma tissue proved to be an especially prolific source (43–45, 47, 91).