cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Swimming in synthetic mucus

Microrobots have the potential to provide major break throughs in medical science through in vivo surgery and targeted drug delivery. However, research into applying microrobots inside non-Newtonian mucus environments has been limited. This paper seeks to demonstrate the swimming capabilities of microswimmer robots inside synthetic mucus. Microswimmer robots are composed of ferromagnetic beads linked together in a linear chain. The microswimmer can translate through the fluid medium of interest using rotating magnetic fields. Synthetic mucus was developed using dried mucin from a porcine stomach and mixed with deionized water in varying concentrations. These formulations were then analyzed using a rheometer to understand their rheological properties. Microswimmers were then inserted into these synthetic mucus formulations and were actuated at varying frequencies. The velocities of micro swimmers were extracted using computer vision techniques. Interestingly, microswimmers were able to swim in concentrations of mucin as high as 5%, however, at such a high concentration microswimmer performance was often inconsistent. Often, microswimmers not of the conventional three bead assembly performed much better than traditional three bead swimmers investigated in past research. These results indicate that smaller and less complicated swimmers can be used for in vivo usage.
Visual IoT: Ultra-Low-Power Processing Architectures and Implications

Visual IoT is a rapidly growing usage based on rich visual sensing, processing, and analytics. One approach for addressing visual IoT challenges is to move some computation closer to the edge device where data is captured. This article begins with a description of three key implications in ultra-low-power visual edge processing: the data footprint is constrained due to SRAM power, the available power-efficient computation is limited, and the ability to process large-scale data is challenging. To explore suitable approaches, the authors review three case studies: small-scale visual recognition for digits and characters, medium-scale visual recognition for hand gestures, and large-scale visual processing requiring video summarization. They show that co-designing algorithms and architectures for ultra-low-power processing in edge devices helps address the key challenges.
Fine-grained complexity for sparse graphs

We consider the fine-grained complexity of sparse graph problems that currently have O(mn) time algorithms, where m is the number of edges and n is the number of vertices in the input graph. This class includes several important path problems on both directed and undirected graphs, including APSP, MWC (Minimum Weight Cycle), Radius, Eccentricities, BC (Betweenness Centrality), etc. We introduce the notion of a sparse reduction which preserves the sparsity of graphs, and we present near linear-time sparse reductions between various pairs of graph problems in the O(mn) class. There are many sub-cubic reductions between graph problems in the O(mn) class, but surprisingly few of these preserve sparsity. In the directed case, our results give a partial order on a large collection of problems in the O(mn) class (along with some equivalences), and many of our reductions are very nontrivial. In the undirected case we give two nontrivial sparse reductions: from MWC to APSP, and from unweighted ANSC (all nodes shortest cycles) to unweighted APSP. We develop a new ‘bit-sampling’ method for these sparse reductions on undirected graphs, which also gives rise to improved or simpler algorithms for cycle finding problems in undirected graphs. We formulate the the notion of MWC hardness, which is based on the assumption that a minimum weight cycle in a directed graph cannot be computed in time polynomially smaller than mn. Our sparse reductions for directed path problems in the O(mn) class establish that several problems in this class, including 2-SiSP (second simple shortest path), s-t Replacement Paths, Radius, Eccentricities and BC are MWC hard. Our sparse reductions give MWC hardness a status for the O(mn) class similar to 3SUM hardness for the quadratic class, since they show sub-mn hardness for a large collection of fundamental and well-studied graph problems that have maintained an O(mn) time bound for over half a century. We also identify Eccentricities and BC as key problems in the O(mn) class which are simultaneously MWC-hard, SETH-hard and k-DSH-hard, where SETH is the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis, and k-DSH is the hypothesis that a dominating set of size k cannot be computed in time polynomially smaller than nk. Our framework using sparse reductions is very relevant to real-world graphs, which tend to be sparse and for which the O(mn) time algorithms are the ones typically used in practice, and not the O(n3) time algorithms.
The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors

Anxiety is a psychological, physiological, and behavioral state induced in animals and humans by a threat to well-being or survival, either actual or potential. It is characterized by increased arousal, expectancy, autonomic and neuroendocrine activation, and specific behavior patterns. The function of these changes is to facilitate coping with an adverse or unexpected situation. Pathological anxiety interferes with the ability to cope successfully with life challenges. Vulnerability to psychopathology appears to be a consequence of predisposing factors (or traits), which result from numerous gene-environment interactions during development (particularly during the perinatal period) and experience (life events), in this review, the biology of fear and anxiety will be examined from systemic (brain-behavior relationships, neuronal circuitry, and functional neuroanatomy) and cellular/molecular (neurotransmitters, hormones, and other biochemical factors) points of view, with particular reference to animal models. These models have been instrumental in establishing the biological correlates of fear and anxiety, although the recent development of noninvasive investigation methods in humans, such as the various neuroimaging techniques, certainly opens new avenues of research in this field. Our current knowledge of the biological bases of fear and anxiety is already impressive, and further progress toward models or theories integrating contributions from the medical, biological, and psychological sciences can be expected.
Depression and substance use in a middle aged and older Puerto Rican population.

This study focuses on depression and substanceuse in Puerto Rican primary care patients, age50 and older, recruited from five clinics inHartford, CT (n = 303). One-third of theparticipants screened positive for depressionusing the Center for EpidemiologicStudies-Depression scale, and 16 percent eitherreported excessive alcohol use, prescriptiondrug abuse, and/or illegal drug use in the pastyear. Correlates of depression include youngerage, female gender, being separated ordivorced, low perceived adequacy of income,poor health status, functional limitations, fewemotional supports, and a history of an ``ataquede nervios.'' Younger age, male gender, lowperceived adequacy of income, few emotionalsupports, suicidal ideation, and a history ofan ``ataque de nervios'' were associated withsubstance use. While the relationship betweenexcessive alcohol use and a higher rate ofdepression did not reach statisticalsignificance, drug use was a strong predictorof depression, particularly prescription drugabuse. However substance use did notsignificantly affect the likelihood of seekingtreatment for depression. These findingsunderscore the need for appropriateinterventions for those at risk for depressionamong the Puerto Rican population.
Arsenite inhibits two steps in the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.

Eukaryotic cells possess a multienzyme ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway in which the small, highly conserved protein ubiquitin (Ub) acts as a cofactor. In this pathway, formation of a covalent Ub-substrate conjugate precedes ATP-dependent degradation of the substrate. Inorganic arsenite (AsO2−) inhibited Ub-dependent protein degradation in a concentration-dependent fashion, both in intact rabbit reticulocytes and in a reticulocyte lysate (fraction II). Concentrations of arsenite causing half-maximal inhibition in fraction II varied with the substrate, ranging from 0.025 m M (bovine α-lactalbumin) to 3.3 m M (reduced/carboxymethylated bovine serum albumin). Inhibition was rapidly reversed upon addition of dithiothreitol. Arsenite inhibited the Ub-dependent proteolytic pathway at one or both of two steps, depending on the substrate. 1) Proteins with acidic amino termini must be amino terminally arginylated, in a tRNA-dependent reaction, prior to becoming conjugated to Ub (Ferber, S., and Ciechanover, A. (1987) Nature 326, 808–811). Arsenite inhibited substrate arginylation, and therefore also inhibited Ub conjugation. The inhibited species appeared to be arginyl aminoacyl-tRNA transferase, since arsenite was without strong effect on the rate or extent of arginyl-tRNA formation in fraction II, yet almost completely inhibited arginine transfer from arginyl-tRNA to reduced/carboxymethylated bovine serum albumin. 2) Arsenite also inhibited Ub-substrate conjugate turnover, as shown in pulse-chase experiments. For a given substrate, degradative (protease-dependent) and Ub regenerative (isopeptidase-dependent) components of conjugate turnover were similarly inhibited by arsenite. The potency of this inhibition varied for different substrates. Monosubstituted trivalent arsenicals such as arsenite typically interact with sites containing vicinal sulfhydryl groups. Inhibition by arsenite of two steps in the Ub-dependent proteolytic pathway suggests that the relevant pathway components could possess this kind of structural/catalytic feature.
Trefftz-Type Boundary Elements for Plate Problems

For isotropic and anisotropie plates, in extension and under bending, solution representations in terms of arbitrary complex functions are used. With the aid of the solution representations, one can systematically construct infinite series of linearly independent trial functions for the displacements and stresses. For the complex functions Cauchy integrals are chosen which are discretized along the boundary of the solution domain. The shape functions for every boundary element must be chosen such that all limit values on the boundary exist and all displacements and stresses remain finite everywhere in the solution domain and on the boundary. Since the trial functions satisfy the governing differential equations, they can be considered Trefftz-trial functions. The term “Trefftz-type boundary elements” is used for the description of the presented algorithm because the (Trefftz-) trial functions depend on a boundary element discretization.
How to be open: user experience and technical communication in an emerging game development methodology

This study builds a model of open video game development, an emerging user-centered design practice where a developer publicly releases an incomplete game and iterate on it while gathering feedback from the player community. It argues that open development is fundamentally a communication and user experience practice characterized by a commitment to access, transparency, and feedback. Ultimately, it shows open development as a practice where game developers are consciously designing a compelling experience of participation in user research.
Colloquial Slovene: The Complete Course for Beginners

Colloquial Slovene: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Slovene as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Slovene in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Slovene is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Slovenia. An overview of the sounds of Slovene Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Slovene is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Slovene. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.
Habits, Canvases, and Conversations: How I Think about Publishing

This essay responds to an invitation by the editors of Sociologica to write about publication strategy. It outlines six suggestions for how to publish not just in sociology, but more generally. They are based on the author’s own experience. Those suggestions are: (1) Write habitually; (2) Recognize and try out different canvases; (3) Don’t reinvent the wheel; (4) Be part of a conversation; (5) Respond well to criticism. It concludes by outlining (6) Five perils to things to avoid.
E-032 Endovascular therapy of anterior communicating artery micro-aneurysms: outcomes and complication rates – data from the SMART registry

Background Previous studies have suggested that anterior communicating artery (ACoA) microaneurysms ( Methods We reviewed the prospective, multicenter SMART registry to identify patients with unruptured ACoA aneurysm who were treated with endovascular embolization using the SMART coils. We aimed to report the angiographic outcome and peri-procedural complications of endovascular embolization of ACoA aneurysm according to the aneurysm size ( Results Out of 906 patients included in the SMART registry, 146 (16.1%) patients had unruptured ACoA aneurysms (age 60.8 ±11.9 yr and 61.6% were females). Of those ACoA, 43 were Conclusions Endovascular treatment of unruptured ACoA microaneurysms is associated with similar successful embolization and complication rates compared to larger size ACoA aneurysms. Disclosures E. Almallouhi: None. M. Sattur: None. S. Al kasab: None. M. Anadani: None. A. Spiotta: 2; C; Penumbra, Cerenovus, Minnetronix.
Incorporating systems thinking approach in a multilevel framework for human-centered crash analysis

Abstract Variations that exist in the frequency and severities of crashes across regions may be due to differences in road user behaviors or indirectly due to differences in regional characteristics. Regional strategies towards “vision zero” road fatalities, consisting of appropriate safety policies and laws, supported with public education and backed by appropriate sanctions, have the ability to shape road user behaviors in the long term. In this paper, certain human-centered crash factors are viewed as the outcome of a hierarchical system made up of road users nested in regions, in a way that regional characteristics like policies and punitive measures influence road user behaviors. Hence, we propose a multilevel framework that captures driver characteristics and regional attributes that directly and indirectly affect crash outcomes. The concept was applied to crash data analysis for the state of Alabama, where it was found that the probability of a fatal crash involving a typical driver is 0.115. About 6.19% of the variability in the fatal crash rate involving drivers from the state is accounted for by the city and 3.84% is accounted for by the county of residence of the causal driver, leaving 89.97% of the variability to be accounted for by driver attributes or other crash contributing factors. Fatal crash rates varied significantly across the state and some crash factors were more pronounced among drivers from particular cities and counties. In view of these findings, specific countermeasures and structural adjustments may be targeted in locations with the highest proportions of risky driver behaviors.
Serum Chemistry and Hematology Changes in Neonatal Stock-Type Foals During the First 72 Hours of Life.

Abstract Limited research has characterized blood chemistry in healthy stock-type foals. Our objectives were to determine foal serum chemistry and hematology changes during the first 72 hours postnatal and compare these with adult horse reference ranges. Over 3 foaling seasons, serum chemistry and hematology were determined for 16 healthy stock-type foals born to similarly managed mares. Blood was collected at 0 hours (before nursing but after standing, within 85 minutes of birth) and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after initial sampling. Data were analyzed with sampling hour, year, and their interaction as fixed effects. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations increased (P
Transfusion Therapy: Clinical Principles and Practice. Paul D. Mintz, ed., Bethesda, MD: AABB Press, 1999, 481 pp., $119.00. ISBN 1-56395-099-5

There is no question that practitioners of clinical transfusion medicine will find Transfusion Therapy: Clinical Principles and Practices , by Paul D. Mintz, a useful reference because this book fills a niche between the more encyclopedic textbooks and the assortment of handbooks that have been published on clinical transfusion practice. What is particularly valuable about this book is that its content is applicable to scientists beyond those interested in transfusion medicine. For example, the clinical chemist will find that this book contains useful information about physiologic …
Understanding Inclusion and Equity in Community College Education Abroad

This study explores the extent to which community college study abroad is exclusive, meaning that opportunities are restricted only to certain students, or inclusive, meaning that education abroad is available to all that express interest. We administered a survey collecting both quantitative and qualitative data to leaders in community college education abroad to gain insight into inclusion in education abroad programming at their institutions. This survey was designed with an eye towards understanding how access is realized and the ways in which diversity in education abroad is supported (or not). Our results indicate that community college study abroad is neither entirely inclusive nor entirely exclusive. We conclude with a call to action for community college leaders to build a new, inclusive narrative surrounding education abroad.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome: Spectrum of imaging findings.

Abstract Purpose To retrospectively investigate the radiological presentations of HLRCC-associated renal tumors to facilitate accurate lesion characterization and compare these presentations with simple cysts and characteristics of other subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as reported in the literature. Methods The MRI and CT imaging characteristics of 39 pathologically confirmed lesions from 30 patients (20 male, 10 female) with HLRCC syndrome were evaluated by two radiologists. Patients had an average age at diagnosis of 43.8 ± 13.1 years. Lesion characteristics including laterality, homogeneity, diameter (cm), nodularity, septations, T1 and T2 signal intensity, enhancement, and restricted diffusion were recorded. Imaging characteristics of the lesions were further compared to characteristics of benign simple cysts surgically removed at the same time point. Results The examined lesions had a mean diameter of 5.06 ± 3.80 cm, an average growth rate of 2.91 × 10−3 cm/day and an estimated annual growth rate of 1.06 cm/year. 50% of lesions demonstrated nodularity, 65% were mostly T2-hyperintense, 83% demonstrated restricted diffusion in solid portions of the lesions, and 65% had well-defined margins. 76% of patients demonstrated extra-renal manifestations, 53% lymphadenopathy, and 43% distant metastasis. Conclusions Our analysis confirmed that while HLRCC-associated renal lesions demonstrate diversity in imaging presentations, the majority are unilateral and solitary, T2-hyperintense, heterogeneous with well-defined margins, and frequently demonstrate restricted diffusion and nodularity.
Resilience modeling concepts in transportation systems: a comprehensive review based on mode, and modeling techniques

The objective of this comprehensive review study was to compile a state-of-the-art understanding of the resilience of the transportation system due to natural and man-made disasters. This study identified resilience measurement parameters that can be used to formulate resilience quantification and improvement strategies of a transportation system. Reviewed articles were classified and summarized from two perspectives: (i) modeling based on the mode of transportation; and (ii) modeling based on the mathematical technique used to quantify resilience. One of the unique contributions of this review article is that it compiled the key resilience indices that were analyzed to quantify resilience. This review revealed that the majority of the scholarly articles on the topic of transportation system resilience published since 2006, were focused on the resilience of the roadway-based transportation system, and vulnerability was one of the most explored resilience indices in evaluating transportation system resilience. Several future research directions were identified considering the implications of emerging transportation technologies (e.g., connected and automated vehicle technology). The complex interdependency among critical infrastructure systems such as power, transportation, and communication system, as well as the cybersecurity issues in the advanced intelligent transportation system, will be vital in the resilience analysis of future transportation systems.
Imaging of the Pediatric Acute Abdomen.

Abstract The acute abdomen in the pediatric populations varies from adults, not only in the cause of the symptoms, but also in the imaging work up. The most frequent causes of the acute abdomen in the pediatric population are discussed, ordered approximately by age of symptom onset. The important findings on the preferred imaging modalities are highlighted including an overview on relevant fluoroscopic techniques. This article serves as a concise overview of disease states that are essential for any practicing radiologists to accurately diagnose.
New Knowledge About CCR5, HIV Infection, and Disease Progression: Is "Old" Still Valuable?

C–C chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 (CCR5) is the main HIV-1 coreceptor involved in virus entry and cell-to-cell spread during acute and chronic infections: such CCR5 and T cell tropic viruses are adapt...
Learning Consistent Deep Generative Models from Sparse Data via Prediction Constraints

We develop a new framework for learning variational autoencoders and other deep generative models that balances generative and discriminative goals. Our framework optimizes model parameters to maximize a variational lower bound on the likelihood of observed data, subject to a task-specific prediction constraint that prevents model misspecification from leading to inaccurate predictions. We further enforce a consistency constraint, derived naturally from the generative model, that requires predictions on reconstructed data to match those on the original data. We show that these two contributions -- prediction constraints and consistency constraints -- lead to promising image classification performance, especially in the semi-supervised scenario where category labels are sparse but unlabeled data is plentiful. Our approach enables advances in generative modeling to directly boost semi-supervised classification performance, an ability we demonstrate by augmenting deep generative models with latent variables capturing spatial transformations.
A novel skeletal-specific adipogenesis pathway defines key origins and adaptations of bone marrow adipocytes with age and disease

SUMMARY Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) accumulate with age and in diverse disease states. However, their age- and disease-specific origins and adaptations remain unclear, impairing our understanding of their context-specific endocrine functions and relationship with surrounding tissues. In this study, we identified a novel, bone marrow-specific adipogenesis pathway using the AdipoqCre+/DTA+ ‘fat free’ mouse (FF), a model in which Adipoq-Cre drives diphtheria toxin-induced cell death in all adiponectin-expressing cells. Adiponectin is highly expressed by BMAs, peripheral adipocytes, and a subset of bone marrow stromal progenitor cells with preadipocyte-like characteristics. Consistent with this, FF mice presented with uniform depletion of peripheral white and brown adipose tissues, in addition to loss of BMAs in canonical locations such as the tail vertebrae. However, unexpectedly, a distinctly localized subset of BMAs accumulated with age in FF mice in regions such as the femoral and tibial diaphysis that are generally devoid of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). Ectopic BMAs in FF mice were defined by increased lipid storage and decreased expression of cytokines including hematopoietic support factor Cxcl12 and adipokines adiponectin, resistin, and adipsin. FF BMAs also displayed resistance to lipolytic stimuli including cold stress and β3-adrenergic agonist CL316,243. This was associated with reduced expression of adrenergic receptors and monoacylglycerol lipase. Global ablation of adiponectin-expressing cells regulated bone accrual in an age- and sex-dependent manner. High bone mass was present early in life and this was more pronounced in females. However, with age, both male and female FF mice had decreased cortical thickness and mineral content. In addition, unlike BMAs in healthy mice, expansion of ectopic BMAs in FF mice was inversely correlated with cortical bone volume fraction. Subcutaneous fat transplant and normalization of systemic metabolic parameters was sufficient to prevent ectopic BMA expansion in FF mice but did not prevent the initial onset of the high bone mass phenotype. Altogether, this defines a novel, secondary adipogenesis pathway that relies on recruitment of adiponectin-negative stromal progenitors. This pathway is unique to the bone marrow and is activated with age and in states of metabolic stress, resulting in expansion of BMAs specialized for lipid storage with compromised lipid mobilization and endocrine function within regions traditionally devoted to hematopoiesis. Our findings further distinguish BMAT from peripheral adipose tissues and contribute to our understanding of BMA origins and adaptation with age and disease.
From competition to cooperation: Visual neglect across the hemispheres.

Abstract Visuospatial neglect is a frequent and disabling consequence of injuries to the right hemisphere. Patients with neglect show signs of impaired attention for left-sided events, which depends on dysfunction of fronto-parietal networks. After unilateral injury, such as stroke, these networks and their contralateral homologs can reorganize following multiple potential trajectories, which can be either adaptive or maladaptive. This article presents possible factors influencing the profile of evolution of neglect towards recovery or chronicity, and highlights potential mechanisms that may constrain these processes in time and space. The integrity of white matter pathways within and between the hemisphere appears to pose crucial connectivity constraints for compensatory brain plasticity from remote brain regions. Specifically, the availability of a sufficient degree of inter-hemispheric connectivity might be critical to shift the role of the undamaged left hemisphere in spatial neglect, from exerting maladaptive effects, to promoting compensatory activity.
A Note on Ontology and Ordinary Language

We argue for a compositional semantics grounded in a strongly typed ontology that reflects our commonsense view of the world and the way we talk about it. Assuming such a structure we show that the semantics of various natural language phenomena may become nearly trivial.
NGF and NT-3 have differing effects on the growth of dorsal root axons in developing mammalian spinal cord

The functions of neurotrophins in relation to axon growth and branching during development of the nervous system are unknown. In order to address this question, we have investigated the influences of systemically administered mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) and human recombinant neurotrophin-3 (hrNT-3) on dorsal root axon growth in the spinal cord of embryonic rats. As anticipated, mNGF has a marked influence on growth of dorsal root axons. In mNGF-treated animals, dorsal root axons in the developing dorsal funiculi and axon collaterals in developing gray matter are substantially longer than those of age-matched controls. Furthermore, growth cones of some dorsal root axons have more than twice the surface area of controls. These effects of NGF are highly selective. Dorsal root axons that occupy a lateral position in white matter and that normally give off collaterals to superficial dorsal horn are prominently affected. Axons that run medially in dorsal columns and that give off collaterals to laminae III and IV and the ventral horn are not demonstrably influenced by treatment with exogenous mNGF. In contrast to the striking effects of mNGF on dorsal root axon growth, the influences of hrNT-3 were considerably more complex. Administration of hrNT-3 increased the mean soma area of DRG neurons, particularly those at the larger end of the size spectrum, consistent with its hypothesized role as a growth factor for proprioceptive sensory neurons. However, in striking contrast to the actions of mNGF, hrNT-3 consistently inhibited axon collateral growth in gray matter at early developmental stages. At later stages, we could not discern a clear-cut influence of hrNT-3 on dorsal root axon growth and branching. We conclude that the ability of mNGF to stimulate axon growth in both white and gray matter is consistent with the idea that mNGF regulates the developing axonal projections of DRG neurons in vivo. In contrast, systemically administered hrNT-3 inhibits the axon collateralizations of DRG neurons in gray matter at early developmental stages. We hypothesize that this inhibitory effect may be related to disruption of a chemotropic gradient of NT-3, or to the widespread expression of the NT-3 receptor trkC, on non-neuronal cells.
Adenomyosis:common and uncommon manifestations on sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective. The purpose of this presentation is to show the imaging findings of the common and uncommon variants of adenomyosis as seen on sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods. A 3-year database search was performed to identify women who had pelvic sonography and pelvic MRI within a 6-month interval. Images of these cases were retrospectively reviewed. Results. Eighty women were identified. Adenomyosis was diagnosed on MRI, which was used as the reference standard, in 45 of these women. The correct diagnosis was made on sonography in 73% of the cases. Conclusions. Awareness of the spectrum of imaging features of adenomyosis is important to use sonography effectively for diagnosing this entity and to help avoid misdiagnosis.
Conserved sequence in the aggrecan interglobular domain modulates cleavage by ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5.

Background Cleavage of aggrecan by ADAMTS proteinases at specific sites within highly conserved regions may be important to normal physiological enzyme functions, as well as pathological degradation.
The librarian as tutor/facilitator in a problem‐based learning (PBL) curriculum

This article describes the experiences of a librarian in a tutor/facilitator role immersed within a mainstream problem‐based learning (PBL) curriculum at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. The role of tutor might be a suitable non‐traditional role for librarians. Tutoring turns out to be an entirely different role from traditional teaching. This tutor role requires practicing reciprocity, patience and commitment. This role has provided a profound understanding of the curriculum as it relates to library and informatics services, earned respect from non‐librarians, and prompted one to re‐think the integrated model of library instruction. Librarians willing to meet the challenges of tutoring can succeed in this non‐traditional role with the many associated benefits.
Chronic kidney disease: Cystatin-C-based eGFR: what is it telling us?

Cystatin C was introduced as a potential alternative or supplement to the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using creatinine. Although cystatin C is well supported as a better predictor of outcomes than creatinine, its reflection of actual renal function compared with creatinine is widely debated. A new study by Rule et al. asserts that cystatin-C-based estimated GFR is biased by non-GFR-associated risk factors for chronic kidney disease.
Candicidin treatment of prostatism: a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study.

The polyene macrolide candicidin was investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Forty-one unselected patients with BPH and prostatism were admitted to a prospective, douple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients treated with 270 mg candicidin daily for 6 months had a significant decrease in residual urine and a significant increase in maximum flow rate after correction for differences in corresponding bladder volume. Symptoms improved significantly in both the candicidin and the placebo group but no differences in improvement were found between the two groups. The mechanism of the drug's effect is unknown and positive results are much less pronounced than those obtained with surgery. Candicidin appears valuable in the treatment of BPH patients who are a poor surgical risk.
Role of conformation in π-π interactions and polymer/fullerene miscibility.

The origin of the miscibility between C60 fullerene and a series of phenyl vinyl polymers has been investigated using a combination of wide-angle X-ray (WAXS) and neutron (WANS) scattering and density functional theory (DFT) computational modeling. The solubility limit of the C60 in the polymers was found to increase nonlinearly with increasing phenyl rings in the side groups from 1 wt % in polystyrene (PS) to 12 wt % in poly(9-vinylphenanthrene) (P9VPh). The DFT calculations showed that the polymer interacts with the fullerene preferentially via the phenyl groups in these vinyl polymers. However, due to the backbone these phenyl groups are unable to form the energetically favorable T-junction or planar π–π stacks with the fullerene and are randomly oriented to the cage. The nonlinear increase in solubility is believed to be associated with shape conformity of the three-ring phenanthrene to the curvature of the fullerene.
Adolescent With Ovarian Immature Teratoma Complicated by Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Confusion surrounding the treatment of cancer in the pediatric population can be very daunting especially if one is not a pediatric oncologist. Herein is described a pediatric case of mixed cell ovarian germ cell tumor that was complicated by Wernicke’s encephalopathy which improved with standard treatment. This case report highlights the basic treatment plan of mixed cell ovarian germ cell tumor for the general pediatrician as sometimes the general pediatrician can be caught in the midst of a battle between specialists. doi:10.4021/ijcp6w
Selective Breeding of Chickens for Corticosterone Response to Social Stress

Abstract Selection for either a high or low corticosterone response to social stress produced lines that differ for this trait. Comparisons between the selected lines and various crosses showed additive and nonadditive genetic variation but no maternal effects for response to social stressors as measured by heterophil/lymphocyte ratios. When the lines selected for divergent responses to social stressors were exposed to nonsocial stressors, they responded similarly.
Histodifferentiation and cytodifferentiation in rabbit endometrium. A comparison of the effects of progesterone and various progesterone metabolites.

Abstract The effects of progesterone, 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one, (20α-OH-P) 17 α hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OH-P) and 5α-pregnan-3, 20-dione (5α-P) on endometrium of ovariectomized rabbits have been examined. Progesterone, at 5 mg/kg/day and at 1.7 mg/kg/day increased the number of mitotic figures observed in luminal and glandular epithelium after 5 days of treatment and induced considerable arborization. None of the other compounds induced significant arborization and only 10 mg/kg/day of 20α-OH-P increased the mitotic index in luminal and glandular epithelium. Administrations of 20α-OH-P, 17α-OH-P or 5α-P resulted in the appearance of very large, pale cells in the luminal epithelium which were not present in progesterone treated rabbits. Cytochemical techniques revealed no specific staining in these cells for polysaccharides (PAS, Alcian blue), lipid (Oil Red O) or for blastokinin, a progesterone-inducible, uterine protein, examined by the fluoroscein isothiocyanate labeled antibody technique. The possibility of an apparent dissociation between histodifferentiation and cytodifferentiation is discussed.
Hand movement decoding by phase-locking low frequency EEG signals

Being noninvasive, low-risk and inexpensive, EEG is a promising methodology in the application of human Brain Computer Interface (BCI) to help those with motor dysfunctions. Here we employed a center-out task paradigm to study the decoding of hand velocity in the EEG recording. We tested the hypothesis using a linear regression model and found a significant correlation between velocity and the low-pass filtered EEG signal (<2 Hz). The low-pass filtered EEG was not only tuned to the direction but also phase-locked to the amplitude of velocity. This suggests an EEG form of the neuronal population vector theory, which is considered to encode limb kinematic information, and provides a new method of BCI implementation.
Family Financial Pressure and Maternal and Adolescent Socioemotional Adjustment: Moderating Effects of Kin Social Support in Low Income African American Families

The moderating effect of kinship social support on the association of family financial pressure with socioemotional adjustment was examined in 200 African American mothers and adolescents. Financial pressure was positively associated with mothers’ depressive symptoms and negatively related to mothers’ optimism about the future. Financial pressure was also positively associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Kin social support was negatively linked to mothers’ depressive symptoms and positively associated with optimism. Kin support was negatively related to adolescents’ problem behavior. Kinship support moderated the association of family financial pressure with mothers’ and adolescents’ adjustment. Positive association of financial pressure with mothers’ depression was less apparent for mothers with more compared to less kin social support. Also, negative association of financial pressure with mothers’ optimism was less apparent for mothers with more compared to less kin social support. Positive relation of financial pressure with adolescents’ problem behavior was less apparent for those with more compared to less kin social support. The need to assess the links of kin social support to other domains of family life such as marital relations is discussed.
Interconnecting disjoint network segments using a mix of stationary and mobile nodes

In many applications need arises to connect a set of disjoint nodes or segments. Examples include repairing a partitioned network topology after the failure of multiple nodes, federating a set of standalone networks to serve an emerging event, and forming a strongly connected topology for a sparsely located data sources. Contemporary solutions for interconnecting these disjoint segments/nodes either deploy stationary relay nodes (RN) to form data paths or employ one or multiple mobile data collectors (MDCs) that pick packets from sources and transport them to destinations. The RN-based solution is preferred since it establishes permanent links as opposed to the intermittent links provided by the MDCs. In this paper we investigate the interconnection problem when the number of available RNs is insufficient for forming a stable topology and a mix of RNs and MDCs is to be used. We present an algorithm for determining where the RNs are to be placed and planning optimized travel routes for the MDCs so that the data delivery latency as well as the MDC motion overhead are minimized. The performance of the algorithm is validated through simulation.
Learning interactive videodisc development: A case study

This article describes the development of an interactive videodisc in a graduate course. Design of interactive video and instruction about interactive video are discussed.
Leukoreduction filtration of whole-blood units from sickle trait donors: Effects of a metered citrate anticoagulant system

BACKGROUND Polymerization of hemoglobin (Hb) S is exacerbated by acidic and hyperosmotic citrate anticoagulant solutions and often results in occlusion of leukoreduction filters by red blood cells (RBCs) from sickle cell trait (Hb AS) donors. This study evaluates a blood collection instrument that adds citrate anticoagulant in a metered fashion, thus mitigating adverse citrate effects. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Collection of whole blood by a metered anticoagulant system was compared to traditional phlebotomy in 12 Hb AS and 12 non-sickle trait (Hb AA) donors. Each donated twice; on one occasion, units were filtered after 4-hour storage at 20 to 24 degrees C, and on the other, units were stored at 1 to 6 degrees C for 24 hours before filtration. RESULTS Filtration times, RBC recoveries, and residual white blood cell (WBC) counts met defined criteria more often in Hb AS units collected by a metered anticoagulant system (9 of 12, 8 of 12, and 4 of 12, respectively) compared to traditional phlebotomy (1 of 12, 2 of 12, and 0 of 12, respectively). Overall, Hb AS units filtered better after storage at 1 to 6 degrees C for 24 hours, with units collected by a metered anticoagulant system undergoing filtration most effectively (5 of 6 had >85% RBC recovery, 3 of 6 had <5 x 10(6) residual WBC). Units exhibited similar changes in RBC storage parameters. CONCLUSION Use of a metered anticoagulation instrument demonstrates potential for successful leukoreduction and acceptable storage of Hb AS units; however, the system needs further modifications and improvements before it can be utilized to collect and leukoreduce Hb AS blood.
Global warming mitigation strategies

Mitigation strategies have been explored, and these topics will be discussed with emphasis on terrestrial ecosystem sequestration as an illustration of successful research. The use of halophyte horticulture for near-term solution to environmental problems and for food application has been demonstrated and is in commercial production in Mexico and Saudi Arabia. Halophyte horticulture fixes carbon from the atmosphere using desert land areas and features sea water for irrigation.
Current-voltage relation of a normal-metal-superconductor junction

We calculate the electrical and heat currents flowing through a narrow, mesoscopic, normal-metal--superconductor (NS) junction containing a single point impurity. The NS junction exhibits large subgap conduction steps in its current-voltage ([ital I]-[ital V]) relation when the impurity is located in the normal metal. Our new subgap step appears in the [ital I]-[ital V] characteristic whenever an additional quasiparticle is trapped between the impurity and NS interface. Locating the impurity inside the superconductor produces both an excess current'' and oscillations in the [ital I]-[ital V] characteristic analogous to the Tomasch effect. A maximum excess current of 2[ital e][Delta]/[ital h], slightly less than the 8[ital e][Delta]/3[ital h] found for a ballistic NS junction obtains when the impurity is located a few coherence lengths inside the superconductor.
A method for exact computation with rational numbers

Abstract An easily programmed method is presented for solving N linear equations in N unknowns exactly for the rational answers, given that all coefficients and constants appearing in the equations are rational numbers. The rational answers are deduced from floating point approximations to the answers obtained by any of the standard solution algorithms. Criteria are given for determining for a particular set of equations the floating point precision needed.
An epistemological view of decision-aid technology with emphasis on expert systems

The philosophical foundations of statistics, operations research, and expert systems are explored, using the notion of metaphor. The authors develop the idea that a root metaphor or a world view exists in both the decision maker and the decision-aid technologies available to solve a problem. To solve a problem correctly, a decision maker must not only use a decision aid correctly, but also first choose the correct decision aid. When an inappropriate decision aid is used, it creates the possibility of so-called type III errors: reaching a wrong solution even though the procedures were followed correctly. As decision aids become both more sophisticated and more user-friendly, they become available for use by more and more naive users, and the possibility of type III errors increases. In addition, as expert systems become more prominent, it is important to be aware of the philosophical biases of the expert and the knowledge engineer as they interact to develop an expert system. A framework is developed that decision makers can use to help them compare the characteristics of various decision aids and choose the most appropriate for solving a particular problem. >
A Standardized Interview That Differentiates Pregnancy and Postpartum Symptoms from Perinatal Clinical Depression

In a prospective longitudinal study, 202 primigravidas were assessed for depression using the National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) standardized clinical interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), and Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) at four periods: 10 to 14 weeks of pregnancy, 30 to 32 weeks of pregnancy, 1 to 2 weeks postpartum, and 14 weeks postpartum. Women's responses did not fit the SADS standardized questions and prescribed ratings because pregnancy and postpartum symptoms often mimicked depression symptoms. This was addressed by adding questions and scoring criteria to separate out pregnancy and postpartum symptoms from depression symptoms. Results showed that, after accounting for pregnancy-postpartum symptoms, women consistently claimed eight symptoms with high frequency and higher mean ratings: dysphoric mood, worrying, somatic and psychic anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, anger, and irritability. The findings suggest that 1) depression in pregnant and newly delivered women may be underdiagnosed if caregivers attribute their complaints or symptoms to time-limited somatic conditions; 2) depression may be overdiagnosed if clinicians use self-report measures solely, or without carefully interviewing women to separate the symptoms of depression from symptoms of pregnancy and postpartum; and 3) women's reactions to perinatal symptoms may have some bearing on the development of depression then or later. Simple clinical and social amelioration of the symptoms of distress might reduce their effect and diminish the rate of mistaken diagnoses of depression.