cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a transportable neutron activation analysis system to quantify manganese in bone in vivo: feasibility and methodology

This study was conducted to investigate the methodology and feasibility of developing a transportable neutron activation analysis (NAA) system to quantify manganese (Mn) in bone using a portable deuterium?deuterium (DD) neutron generator as the neutron source. Since a DD neutron generator was not available in our laboratory, a deuterium?tritium (DT) neutron generator was used to obtain experimental data and validate the results from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. After validation, MC simulations using a DD generator as the neutron source were then conducted. Different types of moderators and reflectors were simulated, and the optimal thicknesses for the moderator and reflector were determined. To estimate the detection limit (DL) of the system, and to observe the interference of the magnesium (Mg) ? line at 844?keV to the Mn ? line at 847?keV, three hand phantoms with Mn concentrations of 30 parts per million (ppm), 150?ppm, and 500?ppm were made and irradiated by the DT generator system. The Mn signals in these phantoms were then measured using a 50% high-efficiency high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The DL was calculated to be about 4.4?ppm for the chosen irradiation, decay, and measurement time. This was calculated to be equivalent to a DL of about 3.3?ppm for the DD generator system. To achieve this DL with one 50% high-efficiency HPGe detector, the dose to the hand was simulated to be about 37?mSv, with the total body equivalent dose being about 23?Sv. In conclusion, it is feasible to develop a transportable NAA system to quantify Mn in bone in vivo with an acceptable radiation exposure to the subject.
Who's covering our loved ones: surprising barriers in the sign-out process

Abstract Background The aims of this study were to characterize obstacles affecting current sign-out practices and to evaluate the potential impact of standardized sign-out guidelines. Methods In June 2011, detailed guidelines for transitions of care were implemented, and a 29-item multiple-choice survey was developed to assess sign-out practices, attitudes, and barriers to effective communication. Surveys were administered to residents and nurses at 3 time points. Comparisons between time points were assessed using t tests and χ 2 tests (α = .05). Results Guideline implementation achieved nonsignificant improvements in satisfaction with sign-outs, perceptions of patient safety, adequacy of information provided in sign-out, and patient knowledge by on-call residents. On follow-up, concerns surfaced regarding less complete sign-out processes due to new duty-hour restrictions. Conclusions Guideline implementation mildly improved perceptions of safety and adequacy of sign-out; however, persistent barriers to continuity of care remain. Sign-out standardization may not adequately ensure patient safety, and further efforts to improve handoff processes are in need.
Carbon cycling along a gradient of beech bark disease impact in the Catskill Mountains, New York

Exotic pests and pathogens, through direct and indirect effects on forest structure and species composition, have the potential to significantly alter forest ecosystem processes, including C cycling. Throughout the northern hardwood forest, beech bark disease (BBD) is causing widespread disruption in forest structure and composition. In the Catskill Mountains of New York, some forests formerly codominated by American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) are shifting to sugar maple dominance. The effects of BBD and a subsequent shift in species composition on annual aboveground net primary production and soil CO2 efflux were examined in eight forest plots selected to represent a gradient of BBD impact. There were no significant trends in aboveground net primary production across this gradient. However, growing season soil CO2 efflux decreased linearly along the BBD gradient, declining by 40%. Although the mechanism controlling this decline is uncertain, the decrease in so...
Differential effects of phospholamban and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II on [Ca2+]i transients in cardiac myocytes at physiological stimulation frequencies.

In cardiac myocytes, the activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is hypothesized to regulate Ca2+ release from and Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the p...
Multiscale Trend Analysis of Microtubule Transport in Melanophores

Microtubule-based transport is critical for trafficking of organelles, organization of endomembranes, and mitosis. The driving force for microtubule-based transport is provided by microtubule motors, which move organelles specifically to the plus or minus ends of the microtubules. Motor proteins of opposite polarities are bound to the surface of the same cargo organelle. Transport of organelles along microtubules is discontinuous and involves transitions between movements to plus or minus ends or pauses. Parameters of the movement, such as velocity and length of runs, provide important information about the activity of microtubule motors, but measurement of these parameters is difficult and requires a sophisticated decomposition of the organelle movement trajectories into directional runs and pauses. The existing algorithms are based on establishing threshold values for the length and duration of runs and thus do not allow to distinguish between slow runs and pauses, making the analysis of the organelle transport incomplete. Here we describe a novel algorithm based on multiscale trend analysis for the decomposition of organelle trajectories into plus- or minus-end runs, and pauses. This algorithm is self-adapted to the characteristic durations and velocities of runs, and allows reliable separation of pauses from runs. We apply the proposed algorithm to compare regulation of microtubule transport in fish and Xenopus melanophores and show that the general mechanisms of regulation are similar in the two pigment cell types.
VITAL GENES THAT FLANK SEX-LETHAL, AN X-LINKED SEX-DETERMINING GENE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

The X-chromosome:autosome balance in D. melanogaster appears to control both sex determination and dosage compensation through effects on a maternally influenced sex-linked gene called Sex-lethal (Sxl; 1-19.2). To facilitate molecular and genetic analysis of Sxl, we attempted to determine the locations of all ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutable genes vital to both sexes in the region between 6E1 and 7B1. This area includes approximately 1 cM of the genetic map on each side of Sxl and was reported by C. B. Bridges to contain 26 salivary gland polytene chromosome bands. The region appears rather sparsely populated with genes vital to both sexes, since the 122 recessive lethal mutations we recovered fell into only nine complementation groups. From one to 38 alleles of each gene were recovered. There was a preponderance of embryonic lethals in this area, although the lethal periods of loss-of-function mutations included larval, pupal and adult stages as well. Since the screen required that mutations be recessive and lethal to males, our failure to recover new Sxl alleles was the result expected for a gene with a female-specific function. An attempt was made to identify recessive male-specific lethals in this region, but none were found. Precise map positions were determined for eight of the nine vital genes. An interesting feature of the map is the location of Sxl in the middle of a 0.6- to 0.7-cM interval that appears to be devoid of genes vital to both sexes. The genetic location was determined of breakpoints near Sxl for all available chromosome rearrangements. Sxl is most likely located just to the left of band 7A1. We determined the relationship of our EMS-induced mutations in these nine genes to alleles induced by others. From this we conclude that the various genes appear to differ significantly from each other in their relative sensitivity to mutation by EMS vs. X rays.
PARS: A processing model for beginning group leaders.

Group leaders often make extensive use of exercises and activities as part of the group counseling process. Experienced group leaders understand the critical importance of processing experiences with group members to help them reflect on, understand, and apply what has been learned to their lives outside the group. However, the basic skills required to process these experiences have been neglected both in the literature and in training for group leaders. This article presents the PARS model (focusing on Processing: Activity, Relationships, Self), a model for processing group activities that can be helpful in training beginning group leaders and that can provide a "road map" for group processing that can benefit even experienced group leaders.
Towards a one-way American sign language translator

Inspired by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) previous successes in speech recognition, we introduce a new task for sign language recognition research: a mobile one-way American sign language translator. We argue that such a device should be feasible in the next few years, may provide immediate practical benefits for the deaf community, and leads to a sustainable program of research comparable to early speech recognition efforts. We ground our efforts in a particular scenario, that of a deaf individual seeking an apartment and discuss the system requirements and our interface for this scenario. Finally, we describe initial recognition results of 94% accuracy on a 141 sign vocabulary signed in phrases of fours signs using a one-handed glove-based system and hidden Markov models (HMMs).
Applying Sorting for Self-Routing and Non-Blocking Switches

In Chapters 3 and 5, we discussed the complexity of path hunting and time slot matching algorithms for multi-stage circuit switching networks. While these algorithms have manageable complexity for circuit switching for telephony, they are not fast enough to allocate bandwidth for multi-rate and bursty services. To alleviate the processing bottleneck of bandwidth allocation, we introduced distributed algorithms using self-routing addresses and queueing at switch nodes for dealing with local congestion.
Microarray-based, high-throughput gene expression profiling of microRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that serve fundamental biological roles across eukaryotic species. We describe a new method for high-throughput miRNA detection. The technique is termed the RNA-primed, array-based Klenow enzyme (RAKE) assay, because it involves on-slide application of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I to extend unmodified miRNAs hybridized to immobilized DNA probes. We used RAKE to study human cell lines and brain tumors. We show that the RAKE assay is sensitive and specific for miRNAs and is ideally suited for rapid expression profiling of all known miRNAs. RAKE offers unique advantages for specificity over northern blots or other microarray-based expression profiling platforms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miRNAs can be isolated and profiled from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, which opens up new opportunities for analyses of small RNAs from archival human tissue. The RAKE assay is theoretically versatile and may be used for other applications, such as viral gene profiling.
Pentane-1,5-bisphosphonic acid

The title compound, C5H14O6P2 or (CH2)5[PO(OH)2]2, commonly known as 1,5-pentyl­enebisphospho­nic acid, was prepared by hydro­lysis of the corresponding tetra­eth­yl pentyl­enebisphospho­nate with 6 M HCl. Crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography were obtained upon cooling a hot saturated 1:1 (v/v) acetone–ethanol solution of the acid to room temperature. The compound exists in the solid state as a hydrogen-bonded extended structure.
The Indoor Radiological Problem in Perspective

Measures to tighten homes to conserve energy, as are being encouraged and subsidized by federal and state governments, may reduce air infiltration by 20% or more. Standard prudent risk-assessment methodologies predict that, due to increased levels of indoor radon caused by this reduction in ventilation, the added lifetime lung cancer risk to members of the public is of order 200/million people exposed. In situations where the radon source term is unusually high, or extreme reductions in ventilation are made, the added risk can be more than an order of magnitude greater. While these imputed risks are far outside the range that is normally tolerated, no systematic efforts are in progress to mitigate or limit the risk in any way. Furthermore, efforts to determine better the variations in radon source term and the health effects of indoor radon are being deemphasized. The technical background is presented in some detail, and implications with regard to management of risks to the public are discussed.
Retroperitoneal reexploration of ureteroileal junction.

Abstract Three patients with ileal conduits and obstruction at the ureteroileal junction were surgically treated through a retroperitoneal incision. The approach is briefly described and recommended.
Ranking the web frontier

The celebrated PageRank algorithm has proved to be a very effective paradigm for ranking results of web search algorithms. In this paper we refine this basic paradigm to take into account several evolving prominent features of the web, and propose several algorithmic innovations. First, we analyze features of the rapidly growing "frontier" of the web, namely the part of the web that crawlers are unable to cover for one reason or another. We analyze the effect of these pages and find it to be significant. We suggest ways to improve the quality of ranking by modeling the growing presence of "link rot" on the web as more sites and pages fall out of maintenance. Finally we suggest new methods of ranking that are motivated by the hierarchical structure of the web, are more efficient than PageRank, and may be more resistant to direct manipulation.
Validity of Locus of Control and Self-Esteem Measures in a National Longitudinal Study

This study examined the relationships of the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 measures of locus of control and self-esteem to differential goal attainment in the areas of education, work, marriage, and fertility. Little evidence was obtained for the hypotheses that internal control and positive self-esteem further differential goal attainment, or that differential goal attainment furthers internal control and positive self-esteem. Thus, the results raise questions about the validity of the measures, of their underlying theories, or of both.
Consensus of Dynamical Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts—Errors versus Spread

Abstract The relationships between consensus spread of five dynamical model tracks and the consensus mean error is explored for a western North Pacific tropical cyclone database of 381 cases. Whereas a small spread of the five tracks is often indicative of a small consensus track error, some cases with large errors also are found even though the consensus spread is small. Some of the success of the dynamical model consensus approach arises because a substantial number (21%) of the cases with a large consensus spread have reduced errors after the consensus averaging. In nearly all the cases in this sample, the best of the five models has a 72-h track error of less than 300 n mi, but no tools are available to allow the forecaster to always select this best model. It is demonstrated that the forecaster can also add value by forming a selective consensus after first eliminating one or more likely erroneous track(s) and averaging the remaining tracks. Conceptual models and symptoms in the predicted fields to a...
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of N-Methyl Morpholine N-oxide and Ionic Liquid-treated Cellulose: A Comparative Study

AbstractThe effect of N-methyl morpholine N-oxide (NMMO), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([Emim]Ac) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium diethyl phosphate ([Emim]DEP) on pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of dissolving pulp was studied. X-ray diffraction measurements of regenerated cellulose from these solvents showed that solvent pretreatment reduces the crystallinity of cellulose. However, crystallinity might not be a major factor affecting the in-situ enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in these solvents. Although regenerated cellulose from [Emim]DEP showed the lowest crystallinity index (∼15%), in-situ enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose dissolved in NMMO showed the highest cellulose conversion (68% compared with 65% for [Emim]Ac and 37% for [Emim]DEP at enzyme loading of 122 FPU/g). Moreover, results showed that enzymes could tolerate up to NMMO concentration of 100 g/l and still yield full conversion of cellulose. Since it is not necessary to remove all of the NMMO, less water will be required for ...
Intestinal absorption and metabolism of ascorbic acid in rainbow trout

Transport and metabolism of the reduced and oxidized forms of vitamin C were evaluated in trout intestine in vitro. Transepithelial fluxes of [14C]ascorbic acid were determined with the substrate present at 10 microM. The mucosa-to-serosa flux was fourfold greater than the serosa-to-mucosa flux with ascorbic acid present in both bathing solutions. Cellular accumulation of the reduced molecule occurred with a final tissue-to-medium ratio of 1.64. Ascorbic acid influx across the brush-border membrane was determined under conditions that inhibit transport of other nutrients. Influx was not reduced because of the presence of the D- or L-stereoisomeric form of glucose but was highly dependent on the presence of Na in the bathing medium. Brush-border influx was saturable with a Km of 220 microM. Short-term (8 min) exposure of intestinal loops to the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydro-L-ascorbic acid, was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the 14C label present in the tissue. Total uptake of substrate was greater from the serosal solution than from the mucosal solution; in either situation most of the 14C label was found in the reduced state. It is concluded that transport and metabolic capabilities are present in the trout intestine to absorb oxidized and reduced forms of vitamin C and to help regulate the redox potential of circulating ascorbic acid by recycling dehydro-L-ascorbic acid.
Late perirenal lymphocele causing ureteral and arterial obstruction in renal transplant patients.

AbstractThe 3 cases reported herein reveal the problem of chronic lymphoceles in the transplant patient. Surgical correction of the obstruction to the renal artery or ureter is greatly facilitated by the recognition of this clinical entity and the use of intraoperative radiographic studies to distinguish these pseudoencapsulated cysts from the true renal pelvis. The use of sterile milk aids in the demonstration of the anastomotic patency of the watertight closure.
Sleep Architecture and Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Functioning in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (P03.011)

OBJECTIVE: To compare sleep architecture in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and typical development (TD) and investigate correlations with daytime functioning. BACKGROUND: Children with ASDs have been reported to have abnormal sleep architecture but it is unclear if these findings influence daytime affect, behavior, and/or cognition. DESIGN/METHODS: We collected a single night of home polysomnography from 15 children with ASDs and 20 children with TD, ages 9-18 years, matched for age and non-verbal IQ. We compared groups9 total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) and percentage of sleep stages. Correlations between sleep parameters and results on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Differential Abilities Scales Test and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function tests were calculated for each group. RESULTS: Children with ASD had longer SOL (means: ASD 39.8 min, TD 16.5 min, p=0.002), reduced SE (ASD 85.7%, TD 91.6%, p=0.004), and increased WASO (ASD 49.0 min, TD 28.0 min, p=0.04) compared to controls. Groups did not differ significantly on sleep stage percentages. ASD children had higher T-scores for affective problems on the CBCL than TD group (ASD 63.7, TD 51.7, p CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASDs have more disturbed sleep and affective problems than TD children. Affective problems improve with increased sleep, particularly REM and slow wave sleep, in TD children, but not in children with ASDs. Further investigation is needed on the microarchitectural differences of sleep that may influence emotional modulation in children with ASDs. Supported by: Autism Speaks, Inc. Disclosure: Dr. Maski has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holbrook has nothing to disclose. Dr. Manoach has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hanson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stickgold has nothing to disclose.
Small reactor power system for space application

A development history and comparative performance capability evaluation is presented for spacecraft nuclear powerplant Small Reactor Power System alternatives. The choice of power conversion technology depends on the reactor's operating temperature; thermionic, thermoelectric, organic Rankine, and Alkali metal thermoelectric conversion are the primary power conversion subsystem technology alternatives. A tabulation is presented for such spacecraft nuclear reactor test histories as those of SNAP-10A, SP-100, and NERVA.
Catechisms and Women's Writing in Seventeenth-Century England

Catechisms and Women's Writing in Seventeenth-Century England is a study of early modern women's literary use of catechizing. Paula McQuade examines original works composed by women - both in manuscript and print, as well as women's copying and redacting of catechisms - and construction of these materials from other sources. By studying female catechists, McQuade shows how early modern women used the power and authority granted to them as mothers to teach religious doctrine, to demonstrate their linguistic skills, to engage sympathetically with Catholic devotional texts, and to comment on matters of contemporary religious and political import - activities that many scholars have considered the sole prerogative of clergymen. This book addresses the question of women's literary production in early modern England, demonstrating that reading and writing of catechisms were crucial sites of women's literary engagements during this time.
When to Treat an Anxious Client with Anxiety Management Training

Anxiety Management Training has applications for a variety of anxiety-based problems, as confirmed by the outcomes in research studies. Briefly, AMT would be appropriate for the following: clients for whom anxiety is the primary symptom, such as generalized anxiety disorder, phobic disorder, panic disorder, or situation-specific anxiety states, such as test anxiety or mathematics anxiety; clients for whom the anxiety contributes substantively to the primary symptoms, as in essential hypertension, ulcers, or tension headaches; clients for whom the anxiety may be viewed as exacerbating the primary condition, as in dysmenorrhea or diabetes; clients for whom the anxiety is an obstacle to effective psychotherapy or counseling, such as patients at a plateau in insight therapy or clients in career counseling; clients for whom anxiety is severe enough to disrupt performance, such as athletes or musicians; clients for whom the anxiety may be a mediating factor in preventing adaptive changes, as in Type A behaviors; clients for whom emotional regulation is desired due to the immutability of the Stressors, such as irresolvable life stress or daily hassles; clients confronted with multiple Stressors or anxieties, such as multiple phobias or multiple environmental stresses; clients for whom anxiety may be a mediating factor in another psychological symptom, such as depression or low self-esteem; and clients for whom anger or frustration management is a primary symptom, and possibly as a step in hyperactivity control.
The Structural Relationship Between Out-of-School Time Enrichment and Black Student Participation in Advanced Science:

The researchers tested a model of the structural relationship between Black student engagement in out-of-school time (OST) science enrichment and participation in advanced science courses in high s...
Blocking IL-6/GP130 Signaling Inhibits Cell Viability/Proliferation, Glycolysis, and Colony Forming Activity in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Background Elevated production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dysfunction of IL-6 signaling promotes tumorigenesis and are associated with poor survival outcomes in multiple cancer types. Recent studies showed that the IL-6/GP130/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in pancreatic cancer development and maintenance. Objective We aim to develop effective treatments through inhibition of IL-6/GP130 signaling in pancreatic cancer. Methods The effects on cell viability and cell proliferation were measured by MTT and BrdU assays, respectively. The effects on glycolysis was determined by cell-based assays to measure lactate levels. Protein expression changes were evaluated by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. siRNA transfection was used to knock down estrogen receptor α gene expression. Colony forming ability was determined by colony forming cell assay. Results We demonstrated that IL-6 can induce pancreatic cancer cell viability/proliferation and glycolysis. We also showed that a repurposing FDA-approved drug bazedoxifene could inhibit the IL-6/IL-6R/GP130 complexes. Bazedoxifene also inhibited JAK1 binding to IL-6/IL-6R/GP130 complexes and STAT3 phosphorylation. In addition, bazedoxifene impeded IL-6 mediated cell viability/ proliferation and glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. Consistently, other IL-6/GP130 inhibitors SC144 and evista showed similar inhibition of IL-6 stimulated cell viability, cell proliferation and glycolysis. Furthermore, all three IL-6/GP130 inhibitors reduced the colony forming ability in pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that IL-6 stimulates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, survival and glycolysis, and supported persistent IL-6 signaling is a viable therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer using IL-6/GP130 inhibitors.
A History of Drug Addiction in Anesthesia

Addiction has been the dark shadow companion of anesthesia since the earliest days of the discovery of the remarkable effects of its central actions. The recognition of the dangers that anesthetic medications pose to anesthetists has slowly developed, with accelerated growth in recent years. Although anesthetists have taken many steps to identify, prevent and treat addiction among the members of the profession, the stigma attached to addiction has added to the complex challenges associated with broadening and deepening our understanding of it. The evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment and monitoring programs for addicted practitioners is limited at best and may, by nature of the problems faced, always be imperfect. The vigilance that anesthetists apply to their patient care must also include vigilance regarding the possibility of addiction among their colleagues to ensure that more anesthetists do not suffer the tragic fates of some pioneers in the profession.
The Role of Medical Imaging in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Recurrent or Metastatic Thyroid Cancer

In an extensive review of this subject, 1095/3083 (35.5%) patients with papillary carcinoma and 102/797 (12.8%) patients with follicular carcinoma were found to have lymph node metastases at the time of initial diagnosis of their cancer (1). In children, the prevalence may be as high as 70% (2). Of patients thought to be disease free after their initial treatment, 252/2684 (9.4%) with papillary and 43/641 (6.7%) with follicular carcinoma subsequently developed nodal metastases (1).
A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR FREE RADICALS IN TUMOR PROGRESSION

The possible role of free radicals during experimental chemical carcinogenesis has been recently reviewed and speculated on by several authors (1–4). Much of the direct evidence for free-radical participation in carcinogenesis has come from the mouse skin model system.
Reorienting Orientation: Introducing the Social Determinants of Health to First-Year Medical Students.

Introduction Medical students rarely learn about the intersection of socioeconomic and environmental effects on access to health care and maintenance of health. Case-based discussion can cohesively...
Reduction of microbial contamination of goat meat using dietary brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) supplementation and chlorinated wash

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of brown seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) supplementation and chlorinated skin wash on skin and carcass microbial contamination in goats....
The Opaque Glass Ceiling: Five Forces Affecting the Progress of Professional Female Workers in the U.S.

This paper summarizes five forces limiting the advancement of U.S. female careers through secondary data analyses of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the Current Population Survey (CPS), the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), and business, trade and academic presses. Taking an interdisciplinary approach from Management, Health Care and Economics, this paper examines how paid parental leave, promotion prospects, on-the-job training, pay inequality and health care disproportionately disadvantage U.S. women’s careers. This paper theorizes that all of the five forces must be simultaneously addressed to eliminate the inherent disadvantages U.S. women face in the development of their professional careers.
Lipopolysaccharide exposure in a rat sepsis model results in hippocampal amyloid-β plaque and phosphorylated tau deposition and corresponding behavioral deficits

Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory response to infection associated with acute and chronic neurocognitive consequences, including an increased risk of later-life dementia. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced rat sepsis model, we have demonstrated neuroinflammation, cortical amyloid-beta plaque deposition, and increased whole brain levels of phosphorylated tau. Hippocampal abnormalities, particularly those of the dentate gyrus, are seen in Alzheimer’s disease and age-related memory loss. The focus of this study was to determine whether Aβ plaques and phosphorylated tau aggregates occur in the hippocampus as a consequence of lipopolysaccharide administration, and whether behavioral abnormalities related to the hippocampus, particularly the dentate gyrus, can be demonstrated. Male Sprague Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Control animals received a saline injection. Seven days post injection, Aβ plaques and phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus were quantified following immunostaining. Behavioral tests that have previously been shown to result in specific deficits in dentate gyrus-lesioned rats were administered. Lipopolysaccharide treatment results in the deposition of beta amyloid plaques and intracellular phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus, including the dorsal dentate gyrus. Lipopolysaccharide treatment resulted in behavioral deficits attributable to the dorsal dentate gyrus, including episodic-like memory function that primarily involves spatial, contextual, and temporal orientation and integration. Lipopolysaccharide administration results in hippocampal deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular phosphorylated tau and results in specific behavioral deficits attributable to the dorsal dentate gyrus. These findings, if persistent, could provide a basis for the higher rate of dementia in longitudinal studies of sepsis survivors.
Unintended Consequences of Curricular Change: Lessons from Legacy Students.

Many students continue in traditional (legacy) curricula during curricular reform. Little is known about the impact of the reform process on legacy students or about their perspectives on any new curriculum. In focus groups conducted 7–8 months following the introduction of an innovative curriculum, legacy students reported support for the new curriculum and perceived no negative impact on their education. The legacy students reported reduced ability to assist first year students, and negative attitudes from first years towards the legacy curriculum. They also perceived reduced participation in the student-run free clinic and other activities by students in the new curriculum.
On maps preserving Lie products equal to e11 - e22

Bijective linear maps preserving Lie products equal to rank-one nilpotents were recently shown to have nonstandard descriptions. In this paper, we show that bijective linear maps preserving Lie pro...
Development of a photosynthesis model with an emphasis on ecological applications : II. Analysis of a data set describing theP M surface.

Photosynthesis was measured in leaves ofPhaseolus vulgaris and analyzed according to the set of equations outlined previously by Tenhunen et al. (1976).
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction With Growth Modulation in Children With Patellar Instability and Genu Valgum.

Abstract Patellar instability is common in the second decade, and genu valgum is a risk factor for patellar instability. In skeletally immature patients, genu valgum can be gradually corrected using less-invasive, well-established, growth-modulation techniques. For skeletally immature patients with patellar instability and genu valgum, it would be desirable to address both instability and deformity. We describe our technique of physeal-respecting medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature patients using hamstring autograft and simultaneous transphyseal screw hemiepiphysiodesis to gradually correct genu valgum. The medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction technique features posteromedial hamstring graft harvest, single patellar tunnel fixation without implant, and femoral attachment just below the distal femoral physis. The technique of growth modulation features percutaneous insertion of a single transphyseal screw through the distal medial femoral physis without interference with medial patellofemoral ligament graft placement. Our preliminary results have been encouraging with successful correction of genu valgum and satisfactory patellar stabilization without growth disturbances.
Investigation of In Vacuo Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin MgAl2O4 Using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy

Recently, disordered spinel MgAl2O4 as insulating tunnel barriers for perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions has attracted interest due to their observed high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) and...
Citizenship as a cornerstone of civic national identity in Ukraine

Nation-building has been an important and often complicated process in countries like Ukraine, which emerged from ethno-federal communist systems. In Ukraine, a civic approach to national identity ...
The combined impact of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease on mineral metabolism and bone fragility

Abstract Both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus cause a low-turnover bone disorder that increases fragility. Diabetes also increases the risk of chronic renal insufficiency, end-stage renal disease, and the need for kidney or simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. As kidney function declines, major clinical and biochemical abnormalities develop that have been demonstrated to adversely affect bone health. In turn, these disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism combine with the underlying effects of diabetes on bone, which result in greater fragility, morbidity, and mortality than caused by either diabetes or renal insufficiency alone. In this chapter, we will review the pathophysiology by which chronic kidney disease affects bone and mineral metabolism, how this can especially impact fracture risk for patients with diabetic nephropathy, and the available options for diagnosis and treatment. We will also review the effects that end-stage renal failure and renal transplantation can have on bone metabolism and fracture risk in patients with diabetes.
Workload Issues among Commercial Cleaning Workers (Discussion Panel)

Cleaning is a generic and essential job in various sectors and workplaces, commonly under the categories of janitorial or custodial services. Cleaning activities in organizations are often not the ...
Emotion, Power Relations, and Restorative Justice: A Review of 'Compulsory Compassion' by Annalise Acorn (Book Review)

This paper reviews Annalise Acorn's "Compulsory Compassion: A Critique of Restorative Justice" (2004).
Selective Host Attachment by Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae): Tick-Lizard Associations in the Southeastern United States

Questing behavior and host associations of immature blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, from the southeastern United States are known to differ from those in the north. To elucidate these relationships we describe host associations of larval and nymphal I. scapularis from 8 lizard species sampled from 5 sites in the southeastern U.S. Larvae and nymphs attached in greater numbers to larger lizards than to smaller lizards, with differential levels of attachment to different lizard species. Blacklegged ticks are generally attached to skinks of the genus Plestiodon in greater numbers per unit lizard weight than to anoles (Anolis) or fence lizards (Sceloporus). The broad-headed skink, Plestiodon laticeps (Schneider), was a particularly important host for immature I. scapularis in our study and in several previous studies of tick-host associations in the southeast. Blacklegged ticks show selective attachment to Plestiodon lizard hosts in the southeast, but whether this results from behavioral host preferences or from ecological factors such as timing or microhabitat distributions of tick questing and host activity remains to be determined.
Distance Learning During the First Lockdown: Impact on the Family and Its Effect on Students' Engagement.

This contribute investigates how Emergency Remote Education (ERE) impacted families during the spring 2020 Covid-19 lockdown, and in particular, the extent to which the impact of ERE on families, measured in terms of space and equipment sharing, moderates the effect of student and family characteristics on students' engagement. The study derived from the administration of an online survey to 19,527 families with children attending schools, from nursery to upper secondary grade. The total number of student records collected amounted to 31,805, since parents had to provide data for each school-age child in the family. The survey contains 58 questions, divided into three sections, with the first two sections designed to get a reading at family level and the third section to gather data for each school-age child in the family. After verifying the validity of the engagement construct through confirmatory factor analysis, two structural equation models were used to analyze the students' engagement. The main findings reveal how the impact of the ERE on the families has had a significant role in predicting students' level of engagement observed by parents with respect to different predictor variables. Finally, we argue that it is necessary to follow a holistic approach to observe the challenges imposed by the switch of the process of deferring teaching from presence to distance, imposed by the pandemic emergency on families. In fact, a holistic approach can promote student engagement and prevent the onset of cognitive-behavioural and affective problems linked to disengagement in ERE.
An Improved Seating Accommodation Model with Application to Different User Populations

In this paper a new approach to driver seat position modeling is presented. The equations of the Seating Accommodation Model (SAM) separately predict parameters of the distributions of male and female fore/aft seat position in a given vehicle. These distributions are used together to predict specific percentiles of the combined male and female seat position distribution. The effects of the following vehicle parameters are reflected in the prediction of mean seat position: seat height, steering-wheel-to-accelerator pedal distance, seat cushion angle, and transmission type. The mean and standard deviation of driver population stature are included in the prediction for the mean and standard deviation of the seat position distribution, respectively. SAM represents a new, more flexible approach to predicting fore/aft seat position distributions for any driver population in passenger vehicles. Model performance is good, even at percentiles in the tails of the distribution. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 492369.
USDA FOOD CONSUMPTION RESEARCH : PARADE OF SURVEY GREATS

This paper recognizes some of the scientists who conducted food consumption surveys and related methodology research for USDA over the past century. Information presented is drawn from published documents, interviews with scientists, and personal experiences of the author. "Survey greats" are identified for each of six time periods starting with W.O. Atwater in the period prior to 1900. Their activities are traced along several lines: The purposes and populations for which they sought food consumption information; the techniques they used to select survey participants and to collect and analyze data; the nature of the country's food supplies; and the understanding, at the time, of the nutritional composition of foods and of what constituted a good diet. Over the past century many creative and dedicated food consumption researchers have advanced their science to meet the demands for dietary information, taking advantage of new technologies and statistical procedures.
Biosynthesis of 4D-hydroxysphinganine by the rat. En bloc incorporation of the sphinganine carbon backbone.

Rats were injected intravenously with erythro-dl-[1-3H]sphinganine. Radiolabeled 4D-hydroxysphinganine (phytosphingosine) was detected (in addition to sphinganine and 4-sphingenine) in glycolipid- and sphingomyelin-rich fractions from intestine and kidney. Identification of these bases was achieved following hydrolysis of the these fractions and conversion of the long chain bases to their N-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) derivatives. Dnp-4D-hydroxy[3H]sphinganine was characterized by: (1) comigration on thin-layer chromatography with authentic standard and (2) detection of pentadecanol and Dnp-[3H]serinol. These results strongly suggest that in mammalian tissues the C18 carbon backbone of 4D-hydroxysphinganine can be derived (en bloc) from sphinganine.
An integrated open CAD system for DSP design with embedded memory

In this paper an integrated open CAD methodology for low power designs used by the DSP56800 family with embedded memory is described. Special consideration for embedded memory design is taken in the CAD system. The productivity improvement and IP sharing requirements for IC design drove the design of the integrated open CAD system. In order to reach design targets, select the best low power design implementation and reduce cycle time to market, the CAD system described in this paper is needed.
Target estimation in real-time polymerase chain reaction using sequential Monte Carlo

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique which relies on a polymerase enzyme to amplify a short DNA sequence (target analyte) by replicating it through a series of thermal cycles. Determining the initial number of target analytes is often the goal of quantitative PCR (QPCR). QPCR is used in several applications including detection and quantification of nucleic acids, viral load detection, and gene expression studies, to name just a few. The number of analytes generated at the end of each PCR cycle can be modeled by a Galton-Watson branching process. In this paper, we employ the sequential Monte Carlo technique (a particle filter) to jointly estimate the number of target analytes at the beginning of the QPCR reaction and the efficiency of the reaction. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms competing techniques.
Rapid distortion of small-scale turbulence by an axisymmetric contraction

The rapid distortion of small‐scale turbulence by an axisymmetric internal contracting flow has been investigated. The analysis is an example of the modern version of rapid distortion theory in that the effects of vortex bending and tilting are included. On the axis of symmetry, the classical results are recovered. The longitudinal and lateral velocity components are suppressed and amplified, respectively, with increasing contraction ratio. These effects are enhanced with increasing radial position. The numerical calculations also show that the correlation between the streamwise and radial velocity components increases monotonically with respect to both the radial location and the contraction ratio. The longitudinal and lateral one‐dimensional spectra show a shift towards higher and lower wavenumbers, respectively, as the contraction ratio increases. Here, these effects become less pronounced for larger radii. These results also show that the downstream longitudinal integral length scale based on the streamwise velocity as well as the one based on the transverse velocity increase with the radial coordinate.
Catalyst-substrate helical character matching determines enantiomeric excess

Abstract In the framework of a helix theory recently developed for molecular chiralities and chiral interactions, it is further proposed that for an asymmetric reaction to be highly enantioselective, the helical characters, that is, the local energies of electrons on the helices, of the catalyst and the substrate complexed with it in the corresponding enantioselection-determining step must be matched. These helical characters can be analyzed on the basis of molecular polarizability and structure properties under a given reaction mechanism. This proposal highlights the importance of polarizability matching in three-dimension chiral space and in essence is a chiral version of the classical hard and soft acid–base theory. It also from an electronic effect angle sheds light on the nature of the conventional lock-and-key origin of high enantioselection and carries the message that, to design a good catalyst (the key), rather than focusing on the rigidity, bulkiness or C2-symmetry of the catalyst, one should focus more on the helical character of the substrate (the lock) with which the catalyst will interact. It is generally easier to discover a highly enantioselective catalyst for a substrate of a large helical character than for a substrate of a small helical character. The proposal is supported by theoretical modeling as well as numerous experiments and is used to understanding various aspects of current asymmetric catalysis.
Study of the dependence of Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As/Al/sub x/In/sub 1-x/As power HEMT breakdown voltage on schottky layer design and device layout

Summary form only given. A systematic study of the improvement of Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As/Al/sub x/ In/sub 1-x/As HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) breakdown voltage by varying the Schottky layer design and device geometry is presented. The HEMT structure investigated is a modulation-doped Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As/Al/sub x/ In/sub 1-x/As on InP device with a sheet of charge placed at the center of the 300 AA wide channel. The device with a gate length of 0.5 mu m, a source-drain spacing of 5 mu m, and an Al/sub 0.7/In/sub 0.3/As Schottky layer exhibited the best breakdown characteristics of mod BV/sub gd/ mod =6.8 V and BV/sub ds/=7.8 V. The typical transistor had a maximum transconductance of 500 mS/mm, a full channel current of 700 mA/mm for a gate bias of 0.4 V, and a current gain cutoff frequency of over 80 GHz. The power performance was measured on 500- mu m-wide devices at 4 GHz and V/sub ds/=4.5 V. Under Class AB operating conditions, the output power density, power-added efficiency, and power gain were 0.45 W/mm, 59%, and 14.25 dB, respectively. >