cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-Seed — A Software Tool for Supramolecular Crystallography

Abstract X-Seed is a software tool for X-ray crystallographers and runs under any of the 32-bit Microsoft Windows operating systems including 95, 98, Millennium Edition, 2000 and XP. Many of its features are tailored to meet the needs of scientists interested in solid-state supramolecular chemistry. The two primary functions of the software are (i) to serve as a graphical interface to the SHELX-97 program suite, and (ii) to produce high-quality molecular graphics images. In addition to these features, many other useful functions are also implemented in order to facilitate the process of crystal structure solution, refinement, analysis and presentation.
On realization of Whitehead torsion

We prove that the Poincare conjecture implies that the 4-dimensional version of the realization theorem for Whitehead torsion is false. We show that infinitely many examples may be constructed to demonstrate this.
Chemical Studies on Tumor Tissue: IV. The Staining with Neutral Red of Fresh Preparations of Mouse Tumor Cells

Introduction In studying the chemical properties of individual tumor cells in vitro, it was desirable to know whether the cells under observation were alive or dead; it was also desirable to determine whether the living cells in any given experiment died during the course of observation. Of the various criteria of cell viability— e.g., motility, phagocytosis, fertilization, cell division, vital staining, etc.—which have been employed in the study of various types of single cells, the one selected as most suitable for the purposes of this study was vital staining. The staining with vital dyes of cells of mammalian tissues both in vivo and in vitro has been investigated by many workers. There is general agreement that vital dyes stain the nucleus in dead cells or in severely injured cells. As regards the living cell, however, the findings have not been so uniform (1–5). In the case of neutral red, it has come to be widely accepted that cells treated with this dye often respond as follows. ( a ) In the living cell the dye is seen in localized areas (granules, vacuoles) in the cytoplasm while the rest of the cytoplasm, as well as the nucleus, appears colorless (6–10). ( b ) As a cell dies the granules and vacuoles lose their stain, and the nucleus and the cytoplasm become diffusely red (7, 8, 11, 12). ( c ) In the dead cell the entire nucleus is stained diffusely red and, in addition, the cytoplasm also is usually stained diffusely red (7, 11, 14–16). Although many types of cells react in this fashion with neutral red, other types do not. As various observers (40, 2, 5, 16–28) have noted, cells of one tissue may exhibit numerous stained cytoplasmic bodies, while cells of another tissue may exhibit few stained bodies or none at all. Furthermore, cells of the same tissue under identical conditions may exhibit this variation in response to the dye. These differences in staining behavior are discussed below.
An analysis of aftereffects in the measurement of the correction effect

Ss, under prismatic viewing, aligned a spot of light to the apparent straightahead first in the dark and then under illumination. Ss made these judgments either by controlling the spot themselves or by directing E in moving it. For both types of alignment procedures, judgments were significantly more veridical in the illuminated room (correction effect). Aftereffects, measured after both the spot alignment in the dark and in the light, were found to be significant only when S moved the stimulus. These results contradict the argument that the egocentric localization processes involved in the production of the correction effect itself are the basis of the aftereffects obtained.
Induction of acrosomal filament formation in the sperm of Sicyonia ingentis

The acrosome reaction (AR) in the sperm of Sicyonia ingentis, which consists of the exocytosis of an acrosomal vesicle followed by the formation of an acrosomal filament, can be induced in vitro when sperm are incubated in egg water (Griffin et al., '87). Egg water (EW) was determined to possess a protein/carbohydrate ratio of approximately 4:1 and contain trypsin-like proteolytic activity (based on the hydrolysis of synthetic peptidyl-MCA substrates and the results of protease activity SDS-PAGE). Results of this study demonstrate that the two phases of the AR are elicited by separate inducers or inducing activities within EW and suggest a role for an EW trypsin-like proteolytic activity in filament formation. The protein concentration of EW (within the range of 20–80 μg/ml) correlated with acrosomal filament formation in sperm but not with acrosomal exocytosis. EW-induced filament formation was inhibited in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor and p-aminobenzamidine, although acrosomal exocytosis was not. Bovine trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Pronase induced filament formation in the small number of sperm that had spontaneously undergone acrosomal exocytosis in sea water (not incubated in EW), but did not induce additional sperm to undergo exocytosis.
Simulation and interferometer results of MEMS deformable mirrors

Various types of large stroke actuators for Adaptive Optics (AO) were simulated individually and as part of a mirror system consisting of actuators bonded to face plates with different boundary conditions. The actuators and faceplate were fabricated using a high aspect ratio process that enables the fabrication of 3-dimensional Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) devices. This paper will review simulation results along with measurements of the displacement of the actuators utilizing a white-light interferometer. Both simulations and interferometer scans have shown the ability of the actuators to achieve displacements of 1/3 of the initial gap between the spring layer and the counter electrode.
Delusional infestation is typically comorbid with other psychiatric diagnoses: review of 54 patients receiving psychiatric evaluation at Mayo Clinic.

Objective Delusional infestation, which encompasses both delusions of parasitosis and delusions of infestation with inanimate objects (sometimes called Morgellons disease), has been said to represent a distinct and encapsulated delusion, that is, a stand-alone diagnosis. Anecdotally, we have observed that patients with delusional infestation often have one or more psychiatric comorbid conditions and that delusional infestation should not be regarded as a stand-alone diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to identify whether patients with delusional infestation have psychiatric comorbid conditions. We therefore identified patients who had been formally evaluated in the Department of Psychiatry during their visit to Mayo Clinic. Method We retrospectively searched for and reviewed the cases of all patients with delusional infestation seen from 2001 through 2007 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and who underwent psychiatric evaluation. The diagnoses resulting from psychiatric evaluation were analyzed. Results During the 7-year study period, 109 patients seen for delusional infestation at Mayo Clinic were referred to the Department of Psychiatry, 54 (50%) of whom actually followed through with psychiatric consultation. Of these 54 patients, 40 (74%) received additional active psychiatric diagnoses; 14 patients (26%) had delusional infestation alone. Abnormal personality traits were rarely documented. Conclusions Most patients with delusional infestation have multiple coexisting or underlying psychiatric disorders. Therefore, evaluation by a psychiatrist, when possible, is advised for all patients with delusional infestation.
Gene Therapy: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances

After years of preliminary in vitro and in vivo modeling, the first human gene therapy clinical trial was initiated approximately 5 years ago. The experience gained from this trial, and the others that have come after it, has shown that effective and efficient human gene therapy remains a tantalizing but elusive goal. Nevertheless, interest in this area of therapeutics continues to grow and over 100 gene therapy protocols have now been submitted to the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee ("RAC") of the National Institutes of Health for approval. The goal of these protocols vary, but include correction of inherited gene defects, engineering new traits into cells such as diminished chemosensitivity in the case of bone marrow cells, or, in the case of tumor cells, expression of new immunophenotypes. Marking cells with a gene whose function can easily be detected, thereby rendering the cell traceable in vitro and in vivo is also the goal of several clinical trials. At the same time, different means of gene transfer are been investigated for the efficiency with which they deliver "therapeutic nucleotides" into their cellular targets. In this review, we recount some of the major developments that have occurred in these various areas and discuss their impact on progress in the field.
New paths on a StarLogo adventure

Abstract The Adventures in Modeling Project aims to introduce students and teachers to the process of designing, creating, and analyzing their own models of complex, dynamic systems. Our goal is to engage learners in authentic science practice by giving them the tools and the ability to pose, investigate, and answer their own questions. Using StarLogo, a simple computer modeling tool, and a variety of off-computer activities, students learn to create and investigate models, and develop a deeper understanding of patterns and processes in the world. New advances in the StarLogo software aim to make it easier and more powerful to use.
Learning the Internet and the structure of information behavior

Internet use research has focused on user surveys and novice learner studies, using survey, experimental, and ethnographic methods. They share a focus on user-based categories in the affective and cognitive domains. Information behavior has an affective component that influences the direction of cognitive processing through hierarchically organized goals, characterized by both an individual and a cultural component. Research in human-computer interaction is evolving a user-centered methodology for system design and instruction that focuses on integrating affective and cognitive user variables to increase productivity, creativity, and human growth. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ethanol has differential effects on rat neuron and thymocyte reactive oxygen species levels and cell viability

In rat thymocytes and cerebellar granule cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased and cell viability was decreased as a result of exposure to ethanol (up to 0.4%). Thymocytes showed larger increases in ROS levels, but neurons showed more pronounced decreases in cell viability. These parameters in neurons were relatively unaffected when the cells were incubated with ethanol in the presence of inhibitors of alcohol-oxidizing enzymes, but in thymocytes, the presence of diallyl sulfide (an inhibitor of alcohol-inducible cytochrome P450, CYP2E1) or 4-methylpyrazole (an inhibitor of CYP2E1 and alcohol dehydrogenase) caused decreases in ROS production from ethanol. In both cell types, the presence of 3-aminotriazole (an inhibitor of catalase) did not decrease ROS production from ethanol. These studies show that the cytotoxic effects of ethanol in neurons may not be the result of oxidative metabolism of ethanol, whereas in thymocytes, the cytotoxic effect of ethanol is principally a result of its oxidative metabolism.
Democracy and Super Technologies: The Politics of the Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom

A significant share of the U.S. federal R&D budget is devoted to large-scale, complex technological systems commonly referred to as "big science. " Over the last two decades, these systems have con...
xCalls: safe I/O in memory transactions

Memory transactions, similar to database transactions, allow a programmer to focus on the logic of their program and let the system ensure that transactions are atomic and isolated. Thus, programs using transactions do not suffer from deadlock. However, when a transaction performs I/O or accesses kernel resources, the atomicity and isolation guarantees from the TM system do not apply to the kernel.The xCall interface is a new API that provides transactional semantics for system calls. With a combination of deferral and compensation, xCalls enable transactional memory programs to use common OS functionality within transactions.We implement xCalls for the Intel Software Transactional Memory compiler, and found it straightforward to convert programs to use transactions and xCalls. In tests on a 16-core NUMA machine, we show that xCalls enable concurrent I/O and system calls within transactions. Despite the overhead of implementing transactions in software, transactions with xCalls improved the performance of two applications with poor locking behavior by 16 and 70%.
Si-based unreleased hybrid MEMS-CMOS resonators in 32nm technology

This work presents the first unreleased Silicon resonators fabricated at the transistor level of a standard CMOS process, and realized without any release steps or packaging. These unreleased bulk acoustic resonators are driven capacitively using the thin gate dielectric of the CMOS process, and actively sensed with a Field Effect Transistor (FET) incorporated into the resonant body. FET sensing using the high f T , high performance transistors in CMOS amplifies the mechanical signal before the presence of parasitics. This enables RF-MEMS resonators at orders of magnitude higher frequencies than possible with passive devices. First generation CMOS-MEMS Si resonators with Acoustic Bragg Reflectors are demonstrated at 11.1 GHz with Q∼17 and a total footprint of 5μm × 3μm using IBM's 32nm SOI technology.
Neurons in the barosensory area of the caudal ventrolateral medulla project monosynaptically on to sympathoexcitatory bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla may function as interneurons in the baroreceptor reflex are by inhibiting sympathoexcitatory bulbospinal neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla. While some caudal ventrolateral medullary neurons are excited orthodromically by baroreceptors and antidromically from the rostral ventrolateral medulla, there is no anatomical evidence to prove that these barosensory neurons of the caudal ventrolateral medulla monosynaptically innervate the bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. To establish the presence of such a direct projection, barosensory neurons were identified in the rostral caudal ventrolateral medulla of anesthetized rats by criteria that they spontaneously discharged with a cardiac rhythm and were excited by baroreceptor stimulation. The anterograde tracer biocytin was iontophoresed onto these neurons and, in the same animal, the retrograde tracer wheatgerm-agglutinated apo-horseradish peroxidase conjugated to gold particles was injected by micropressure into the ipsilateral spinal (thoracic level 3) intermediolateral cell column to label bulbospinal neurons. After 18-24 h, rats were killed and sections through the rostral ventrolateral medulla were processed for both markers. By light microscopy, numerous biocytin-labeled varicose processes overlapped rostral ventrolateral medullary neurons containing wheatgerm-agglutinated apo-horseradish peroxidase conjugated to gold particles. By electron microscopy, biocytin was found in axons and terminals. The terminals (n = 76) were large (0.6-1.2 microns in diameter), contained numerous small, clear vesicles and formed primarily symmetric synapses on perikarya and large (1.5-4.5 microns) dendrites within the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Some of these target neurons contained wheatgerm-agglutinated apo-horseradish peroxidase conjugated to gold particles associated with lysosomes and multivesicular bodies in the cytoplasm. The results indicate that: (i) neurons in the barosensory sympathoinhibitory region of the caudal ventrolateral medulla directly synapse on bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla; and (ii) the synaptic profile (symmetric synapse) and location (perikarya and large dendrites) is consistent with the conclusion that baroreceptor neurons of the caudal ventrolateral medulla potently and monosynaptically inhibit sympathoexcitatory neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The findings support the hypothesis that the barosensory region of the rostral caudal ventrolateral medulla is an intermediate relay in the baroreceptor reflex are.
Thiol-dependent passive K/Cl transport in sheep red cells: I. Dependence on chloride and external ions.

Treatment with 2mm N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) caused a marked increase in K+ permeability of low K+ but not of high K+ sheep red cells suspended in isosmotic Cl− media with 10−4m ouabain. The Na+ permeability was unaltered. Kinetic analysis by K+ efflux and K+ or Rb+ influx measurements suggests that NEM primarily increased the bidirectional fluxes of K+ and Rb+, since (a) no significant change in the apparent external affinities of these ions was found, and (b) below unity, the observed flux ratios were close to those calculated from the Ussing relationship. Replacement of Cl− by NO3− abolished the NEM-stimulated and reduced the basal K+ flux rates. Similarly, 10−3m furosemide inhibited Cl−-dependent K+ fluxes in both control and NEM-treated LK red cells. Exposure of LK cells to hyposmotic but not to hyperosmotic salt solutions increased the basal Cl− dependent K+ flux twofold as reported by Dunham and Ellory (J. Physiol. (London)318:511–530, 1981) but did not affect its fractional stimulation by NEM. The action of NEM is interpreted as a stimulation of a temperature-dependent and Cl−-requiring K+ transport pathway genetically preserved in adult LK but turned off in HK sheep red cells. In addition, common to both LK and HK sheep red cells was a basal K+ flux that operated in the presence of either Cl− or NO3−.
Potentiated necrosis of cultured cortical neurons by neurotrophins

The effects of neurotrophins on several forms of neuronal degeneration in murine cortical cell cultures were examined. Consistent with other studies, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4/5 all attenuated the apoptotic death induced by serum deprivation or exposure to the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine. Unexpectedly, however, 24-hour pretreatment with these same neurotrophins markedly potentiated the necrotic death induced by exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation or N-methyl-D-aspartate. Thus, certain neurotrophins may have opposing effects on different types of death in the same neurons.
Optisol Corneal Storage Medium

We compared the safety and efficacy of Optisol (Chiron Ophthalmics, Irvine, California), a new corneal storage medium, with McCarey-Kaufman and Dexsol corneal storage media (Chiron Ophthalmics, Irvine, California) and K-Sol corneal storage medium (Cilco, Huntington, West Virginia). Optisol contains dextran, 2.5% chondroitin sulfate, vitamins, and precursors of adenosine triphosphate (adenosine, inosine, and adenine). In in vitro studies, rabbit and human corneas stored in Optisol were thinner after 12 to 14 days at 4 C than tissue stored in other media. Thymidine uptake showed increased mitotic activity in human corneal endothelial cells cultured in Optisol, compared to Dexsol. Specular microscopic fields showed larger areas of visibly intact endothelial cells and ***ultrastructural examination disclosed fewer structural changes in endothelial cells stored in Optisol, compared to tissue stored in Dexsol. In vivo, no clinical signs of epithelial toxicity or histologic evidence of intraocular inflammation were observed in rabbit eyes in which Optisol drops were instilled four times a day for 14 days. Finally, 51 patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty with tissue stored in Optisol for one to six days (mean, 3.6 days) were enrolled in an uncontrolled, open-label clinical study. The percentage of clear grafts (93%, 41 of 44 patients examined at three months; and 98%, 42 of 43 patients examined at six months) and endothelial cell loss (5.0% and 11.5% at three and six months, respectively) were comparable to data from previous studies that used tissue stored in other short-term and intermediate-term media. The results suggest that Optisol storage preserves corneal endothelial cells for up to two weeks at 4 C., thereby permitting flexibility in the use of donor tissue for corneal transplantation, and that Optisol storage yields thinner tissue, which may allow for more accurate evaluation and more effective surgical manipulation.
Definition of menus as an abstract data type

Abstract data types are used to modularize large software systems. They hide specific implementation details from direct manipulation by the designer. Abstract data types can be defined as a set of objects and a set of operations on those objects [LaLonde 1985] and [Ghezzi 1982]. We define within the scope of software development that this concept of abstract data types can and should play a major role. In system software, operators witness the affect of commands (operations) on objects throughout use, the internal representation of the object is shielded from programmer thinking. In this sense, every piece of system software can be thought of as an abstract data type.
The military's approach to traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are common conditions. In Iraq and Afghanistan, explosive blast related TBI became prominent among US service members but the vast majority of TBI was still due to typical causes such as falls and sporting events. PTS has long been a focus of the US military mental health providers. Combat Stress Teams have been integral to forward deployed units since the beginning of the Global War on Terror. Military medical management of disease and injury follows standard of care clinical practice guidelines (CPG) established by civilian counterparts. However, when civilian CPGs do not exist or are not applicable to the military environment, new practice standards are created. Such is the case for mild TBI. In 2009, the VA-DoD CPG for management of mild TBI/concussion was published and a system-wide clinical care program for mild TBI/concussion was introduced. This was the first large scale effort on an entire medical care system to address all severities of TBI in a comprehensive organized way. In 2010, the VA-DoD CPG for management of PTSD was published. Nevertheless, both TBI and PTS are still incompletely understood. Investment in terms of money and effort has been committed by the DoD to their study. The Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, National Intrepid Center of Excellence and the Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury are prominent examples of this effort. These are just beginnings, a work in progress ready to leverage advances made scientifically and always striving to provide the very best care to its military beneficiaries.
Effect of pulse repetition rate on erbium laser ablation of soft and hard tissues

An Er:YSGG laser was used to evaluate cutting rate and residual thermal damage in skin and bone at pulse repetition rates of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 Hz. The pulse repetition rate did not affect the cutting rate or the residual damage in bone. In skin, etch depth per pulse was greatest at 2 Hz possibly because the beam profile is Gaussian only at this lowest fluence. The cutting rate in skin was similar at all other repetition rates. Residual damage in skin was greatest at high fluences (>25 J/cm2) and increased with pulse repetition rate at all fluences studied. The results are explained using a simple thermal model that is based upon the thermal cooling time of the zone of tissue damaged by a single laser pulse.
Pressure dependence of deep electronic levels in semiconductors: Phosphorus-vacancy pair (or Si E center) and divacancy in silicon

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the electron thermal emission rates and capture cross sections of three deep electronic levels in phosphorus-doped silicon were investigated. Included were the ${E}_{c}$-0.44 eV acceptor associated with the phosphorus-vacancy pair defect (or Si E center), the ${E}_{c}$-0.23 eV acceptor associated with the 2 -/- charge state of the divacancy, and a level of uncertain origin at ${E}_{c}$-0.40 eV. The results allow determination of the shift of the energies of these levels with pressure and of the breathing-mode lattice relaxations which accompany electron emission and capture by these levels. This is the first determination of these properties. For the phosphorus-vacancy acceptor, pressure shifts the level deeper into the band gap, and an outward (inward) volume relaxation accompanies electron emission (capture). These results can be qualitatively understood in terms of the accepted model for this defect and the bondinglike nature of its level. Qualitatively similar results are obtained for the ${E}_{c}$-0.40 eV level, but opposite effects are seen for the divacancy level. Specifically, with pressure, this latter level moves higher in the band gap, and the lattice relaxes inward (outward) on electron emission (capture). These results can also be understood in terms of the accepted model for the defect and the antibondinglike nature of its level.
An Exploratory Study of Cross-Functional Education in the Undergraduate Marketing Curriculum.

In response to calls from both business practitioners and educators, this research explores the extent to which undergraduate marketing education is delivered with a cross-functional perspective. G...
Current status of gene therapy for brain tumors

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadliest primary brain tumor in adults, with current treatments having limited impact on disease progression. Therefore the development of alternative treatment options is greatly needed. Gene therapy is a treatment strategy that relies on the delivery of genetic material, usually transgenes or viruses, into cells for therapeutic purposes, and has been applied to GBM with increasing promise. We have included selectively replication-competent oncolytic viruses within this strategy, although the virus acts directly as a complex biologic anti-tumor agent rather than as a classic gene delivery vehicle. GBM is a good candidate for gene therapy because tumors remain locally within the brain and only rarely metastasize to other tissues; the majority of cells in the brain are post-mitotic, which allows for specific targeting of dividing tumor cells; and tumors can often be accessed neurosurgically for administration of therapy. Delivery vehicles used for brain tumors include nonreplicating viral vectors, normal adult stem/progenitor cells, and oncolytic viruses. The therapeutic transgenes or viruses are typically cytotoxic or express prodrug activating suicide genes to kill glioma cells, immunostimulatory to induce or amplify anti-tumor immune responses, and/or modify the tumor microenvironment such as blocking angiogenesis. This review describes current preclinical and clinical gene therapy strategies for the treatment of glioma.
5-HT3 antagonist ICS 205–930 enhances naltrexone's effects on ethanol intake

Opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone has shown some efficacy in decreasing ethanol consumption in humans. However, naltrexone treatment is not always efficacious and produces several aversive effects such as nausea, anxiety and weight loss. Serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists also modulate some of the behavioral effects of alcohol and may decrease alcohol consumption. We examined the effects of the combination of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930 ((3-tropanyl-indole-1-carboxylate, tropisetron) and naltrexone on ethanol and food intake in Sprague-Dawley rats. Both naltrexone (0.56-10 mg/kg) and ICS 205-930 (5.6 mg/kg), when administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the scheduled 3-h access to ethanol, significantly suppressed ethanol intake. Naltrexone (1 mg/kg) when given in combination with ICS 205-930 (5.6 mg/kg) was significantly more efficacious in suppressing ethanol intake in comparison with naltrexone (1 mg/kg) administered alone. The drug combination did not affect the food intake. These data suggest that 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930 may be used as an effective adjunct for pharmacotherapy of alcoholism.
Enrolling People With Prediabetes Ages 60–64 In A Proven Weight Loss Program Could Save Medicare $7 Billion Or More

Rising chronic disease prevalence among Medicare beneficiaries, including new enrollees, is a key driver of health care spending. Randomized trials have shown that lifestyle modification interventions such as those in the Diabetes Prevention Program clinical trial reduce the incidence of chronic disease and that community-based programs applying the same principles can produce net health care savings. We propose expanding a proven, community-based weight loss program nationwide and enrolling overweight and obese prediabetic adults ages 60–64. We estimate that making the program available to a single cohort of eligible people could save Medicare $1.8–$2.3 billion over the following ten years. Estimated savings would be even higher ($3.0–$3.7 billion) if equally overweight people at risk for cardiovascular disease were also enrolled. We estimate that lifetime Medicare savings could range from approximately $7 billion to $15 billion, depending on how broadly program eligibility was defined and actual levels ...
A novel protein kinase activity in rabbit gastric gland cytosol.

A novel protein kinase activity was characterized from the cytosolic fraction of isolated rabbit gastric glands. The kinase phosphorylated a major 33,000 Da endogenous protein (pp33) and was stimulated by Zn2+ and Mn2+ with Kact of 1.0 and 7.5 mM, respectively. Mg2+ and Ca2+ failed to stimulate any pp33 kinase activity. The kinase utilized both ATP and GTP as phosphate donors with a Km of 10 uM for both. The pp33 protein displayed an isoelectric point of 7.5 to 7.8 and was phosphorylated predominantly on threonine residues. The kinase activity is clearly differentiable from all reported kinase activities and appeared to be enriched in rabbit gastric fundic mucosa. The results indicate that gastric fundic mucosa contains a novel protein kinase activity.
Gendered Populations and Trauma Beyond Oedipus: Reply to Angel's Commentary

In response to Angel's commentary on my essay, I elaborate on 3 primary points that she highlights. I extend her discussion of the convergence between feminist/antimedicalization critiques of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and clinical/experimental psychiatric research with regard to gender essentialism; I engage with her claim that feminist critiques of psychiatry have been stymied by their jettisoning of Freudian interpretation and their vilification of psychoanalysis (including in regards to their reluctance to consider psychogenic etiological explanations for gendered desire disparities); and I respond to her call to take seriously women's individual sexual suffering. I discuss psychoanalytic investigations of low desire and gendered sexual trauma outside of Freudian Oedipality and beyond reductive biological tropes, focusing instead on how feminine subjectivities and populations are formed as a result of bodies, psyches, relations, and power coming together in complic...
Scale, rotation, and shift invariant image recognition.

A circular harmonic filter illuminated with white light illumination is used to achieve scale, rotation, and shift invariant image recognition. The circular harmonic expansion of an object is utilized to achieve rotation and shift invariant image recognition. Scale invariance is added using a broadband dispersion-compensation technique. When illuminated with broadband light, the frequency-plane filter simply selects the wavelength from the spectrum that produces the same size transform as that recorded in the filter. Laboratory experiments that demonstrate the operation of the technique are presented.
What to Study: Generating and Developing Research Questions

This article presents a review of the book “What to Study: Generating and Developing Research Questions,” by John P. Campbell, Richard L. Daft and Charles L. Hulin.
Soluble Conducting Polythiophenes for Charge Dissipation in Electron Beam Lithography

In electron beam lithography, charging on photoresist usually causes image distortion and placement error. To dissipate the charge, a conductive polymeric layer can be introduced either over or under the photoresist coating. In this paper, we will discuss the approach of using toluene and xylene soluble polyalkylthiophcne in combination with photoacid generator as a discharge underlayer or interlayer beneath photoresist to dissipate the accumulated charge during li-bcam exposure. We will also discuss the use of water soluble acid or ammonium salt form of poly 3- (cthanesulfonate) thiophene as discharge. toplayer. During the resist image developing process, the toplayer will be removed by aqueous base. Therefore, it is advantageous to use discharge toplayer due to its simplicity. In this study, the salt and acid form of poly 3- (ethanesulfonate) thiophene was synthesized through chemical polymerization of the corresponding methanesulfonate ester. It exhibits the same properties as that of electrochemically synthesized polymer reported in the literature.
Anesthesia of ferrets

Anesthesia of the ferret encompasses many of the anesthetic techniques found useful in the cat. Premedication with combinations of ketamine and other sedatives generally results in acceptable chemical restraint. Induction of anesthesia with intravenous (IV) ketamine/diazepam, thiopental, or propofol has proven safe and effective, although isoflurane mask induction is probably the most popular technique. Problems to consider during anesthetic management include hypothermia and preexisting diseases, such as insulinoma or adrenal cortical tumor.
EuPathDB: a portal to eukaryotic pathogen databases.

EuPathDB (http://EuPathDB.org; formerly ApiDB) is an integrated database covering the eukaryotic pathogens of the genera Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Leishmania, Neospora, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Trichomonas and Trypanosoma. While each of these groups is supported by a taxon-specific database built upon the same infrastructure, the EuPathDB portal offers an entry point to all these resources, and the opportunity to leverage orthology for searches across genera. The most recent release of EuPathDB includes updates and changes affecting data content, infrastructure and the user interface, improving data access and enhancing the user experience. EuPathDB currently supports more than 80 searches and the recently-implemented ‘search strategy’ system enables users to construct complex multi-step searches via a graphical interface. Search results are dynamically displayed as the strategy is constructed or modified, and can be downloaded, saved, revised, or shared with other database users.
Time-Lapse Analysis of Methane Quantity in the Mary Lee Group of Coal Seams Using Filter-Based Multiple-Point Geostatistical Simulation

Coal seam degasification and its success are important for controlling methane, and thus for the health and safety of coal miners. During the course of degasification, properties of coal seams change. Thus, the changes in coal reservoir conditions and in-place gas content as well as methane emission potential into mines should be evaluated by examining time-dependent changes and the presence of major heterogeneities and geological discontinuities in the field. In this work, time-lapsed reservoir and fluid storage properties of the New Castle coal seam, Mary Lee/Blue Creek seam, and Jagger seam of Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, were determined from gas and water production history matching and production forecasting of vertical degasification wellbores. These properties were combined with isotherm and other important data to compute gas-in-place (GIP) and its change with time at borehole locations. Time-lapsed training images (TIs) of GIP and GIP difference corresponding to each coal and date were generated by using these point-wise data and Voronoi decomposition on the TI grid, which included faults as discontinuities for expansion of Voronoi regions. Filter-based multiple-point geostatistical simulations, which were preferred in this study due to anisotropies and discontinuities in the area, were used to predict time-lapsed GIP distributions within the study area. Performed simulations were used for mapping spatial time-lapsed methane quantities as well as their uncertainties within the study area. The systematic approach presented in this paper is the first time in literature that history matching, TIs of GIPs and filter simulations are used for degasification performance evaluation and for assessing GIP for mining safety. Results from this study showed that using production history matching of coalbed methane wells to determine time-lapsed reservoir data could be used to compute spatial GIP and representative GIP TIs generated through Voronoi decomposition. Furthermore, performing filter simulations using point-wise data and TIs could be used to predict methane quantity in coal seams subjected to degasification. During the course of the study, it was shown that the material balance of gas produced by wellbores and the GIP reductions in coal seams predicted using filter simulations compared very well, showing the success of filter simulations for continuous variables in this case study. Quantitative results from filter simulations of GIP within the studied area briefly showed that GIP was reduced from an initial ∼73 Bcf (median) to ∼46 Bcf (2011), representing a 37 % decrease and varying spatially through degasification. It is forecasted that there will be an additional ∼2 Bcf reduction in methane quantity between 2011 and 2015. This study and presented results showed that the applied methodology and utilized techniques can be used to map GIP and its change within coal seams after degasification, which can further be used for ventilation design for methane control in coal mines.
Opiate Drugs and δ-Receptor–Mediated Myocardial Protection

Background —Hypothermic myocardial arrest is necessary to complete most cardiac surgery, which limits the success of such operations. Similarly, cold, inhospitable environments limit the survival of warm-blooded animals. Animals have successfully adapted to this challenge through hibernation. Hibernation is an energy-conserving state, now known to be governed by cyclical variation in endogenous opiate compounds. It may also be induced in nonhibernators via hibernating animal serum factors or δ-opiate peptides. Furthermore, hibernation-induction triggers extend organ preservation in many models. This study examined whether opiate drugs with an affinity for the δ-opiate receptor confer similar protection. Methods and Results —Isolated hearts harvested from New Zealand White rabbits were treated with either cardioplegia alone or δ-opiate drugs (fentanyl, morphine, buprenorphine, pentazocine) followed by 2 hours of 34°C ischemia. Hearts were then reperfused, and functional and metabolic indices of treated groups were compared with untreated controls. Isovolumic developed pressure, coronary flow, and oxygen consumption were compared as a percent of preischemia versus 45 minutes after reflow. Developed pressure and oxygen consumption were better preserved in the morphine, buprenorphine, and pentazocine groups when compared with cardioplegia alone. Conclusions —Drugs with δ-opiate activity confer myocardial protection, which is additive to cardioplegia. Use of δ-opiate drugs in this context may have important clinical implications.
STUDIES ON TUBERCULIN FEVER IV. THE PASSIVE TRANSFER OF REACTIVITY WITH VARIOUS TISSUES OF SENSITIZED DONOR RABBITS

Utilizing techniques of passive transfer, we have investigated the factors responsible for production of fever when tuberculin is given intravenously to specifically sensitized rabbits. The ability to develop a febrile response to tuberculin could be passively transferred to normal recipients with viable mononuclear cells from peritoneal exudates, spleen, or lymph nodes of donor rabbits sensitized with BCG. Sensitivity was usually apparent 48 hr after transfer, maximal at 7 to 14 days, and rapidly declined thereafter. Granulocytes and nonviable, sonicated, mononuclear cells from similarly sensitized donors were unable to transfer this form of reactivity. Passive transfer of reactivity was also effected with plasma and serum, suggesting that the reaction of antibody with antigen contained in tuberculin is one of the initial steps by which the host cells are activated to release the endogenous pyrogen (EP) that mediates this form of hypersensitivity fever. An intravenous infusion of granulocytes, as well as of several types of mononuclear cells from sensitized donors, made most recipients responsive to the pyrogenic effect of old tuberculin (OT) given 2 hr later. Some of these passively transferred cells, such as the granulocyte and alveolar macrophage, may be activated in vivo by OT, as they are in vitro. However, in the case of splenic and lymph node cells that cannot be activated by OT to produce EP in vitro, it seems likely that an intravenous injection of OT causes these transferred, sensitized cells to liberate an intermediate substance that either directly, or in association with antigen, activates the host's normal cells to produce EP. In support of previous suggestions that leukocytes of several types, as well as phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system, serve as potential sources of EP in tuberculin-induced fever, evidence was presented that OT also activates both granulocytes and mononuclear cells from sterile exudates of BCG-sensitized donors to produce EP in vitro.
Anomalies without massless particles.

Baryon and lepton number in the standard model are violated by anomalies, even though the fermions are massive. This problem is studied in the context of a two-dimensional model. In a uniform background field, fermion production arises from nonadiabatic behavior that compensates for the absence of massless modes. On the other hand, for localized instantonlike configurations, there is an adiabatic limit. In this case, the anomaly is produced by bound states which travel across the mass gap. The sphaleron corresponds to a bound state at the halfway point.
Motivational readiness for physical activity and quality of life in long-term lung cancer survivors

Little is known about the relationship between motivational readiness for physical activity and quality of life (QOL) in long-term lung cancer survivors. Long-term survivors are considered those who are living 5 years or more following a cancer diagnosis. This project examined the relationship between a self-report measure of motivational readiness for physical activity and QOL in a sample of 272 long-term lung cancer survivors. Participants (54% male, average age 70 years old) completed the mailed survey an average of 6 years after being diagnosed with lung cancer. Survey measures included the stage of change for physical activity and a set of single item QOL and symptom scales. Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported they currently engaged in regular physical activity (a total of 30 min or more per day, at least 5 days per week). Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed that those who reported engaging in regular physical activity reported a better overall QOL, better QOL on all five domains of QOL functioning (mental, physical, social, emotional, and spiritual), and fewer symptoms compared to those with a sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity level may have important QOL and symptom management benefits for long-term lung cancer survivors.
Risk of unintended pregnancy among women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective It is recommended that women with systemic lupus erythematosus carefully time their pregnancies, but little is known about use of contraception and risk of unintended pregnancy in this population. The goal of this study was to estimate the proportion of women with lupus at risk for unintended pregnancy. Methods We surveyed 309 women with lupus, ages 18–50 years, seen at the University of Pittsburgh lupus center between January and May 2007. Results Of the women surveyed, 212 (69%) completed the survey. In the past 3 months, 97 (46% of 212) had faced some risk of unintended pregnancy. Of these, 53 (55% of 97) reported ≥1 occasion on which they had unprotected sex and 22 (23% of 97) reported that in the last 3 months they had unprotected sex “most of the time.” No women reported having used emergency contraception after unprotected sex. A desire to “discuss birth control with a health care provider at the lupus center” was reported by 22 (10% of 212) respondents and 16 (17% of 94) women ≤35 years old. Conclusion Many women cared for by our lupus center are at risk of unintended pregnancy and are interested in discussing birth control with a health care provider.
Quantifying muscle asymmetries in cervical dystonia with electrical impedance: A preliminary assessment

Abstract Objective Cervical dystonia (CD) lacks an objective quantitative measure. Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a non-invasive assessment method sensitive to changes in muscle structure and physiology. We evaluate the potential role of EIM in quantifying CD, hypothesizing that patients would demonstrate differences in the symmetry of muscle electrical resistance compared to controls, and that this asymmetry would decrease after botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment. Methods EIM was performed on the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and cervical paraspinal (PS) muscles of CD patients and age-matched controls. 50 kHz resistance was analyzed, comparing side-to-side asymmetry in patients and controls, and, in patients, before and after BoNT treatment. Results Sixteen patients and 10 controls were included. Resistance asymmetry was on average 3–5 times higher in patients than controls. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated 91% accuracy of discriminating CD from normal. From pre-treatment to maximum BoNT effect, asymmetry decreased from 20.8(13.9–26.1)% to 6.2(3.1–9.9)% (SCM), and from 16.0(14.3–16.0)% to 8.4(7.0–9.2)% (PS), p Conclusions EIM effectively differentiates normal subjects from CD patients by revealing asymmetries in resistance values and detects improvement in muscle symmetry after treatment. Significance These results suggest that EIM, a painless, non-invasive measure, can provide a useful quantitative metric in CD evaluation and deserves further study.
Ligand Effects on Synthesis and Post-Synthetic Stability of PbSe Nanocrystals

This paper reports the effect of ligands including oleic acid (OA), trioctylphosphine (TOP), and tributylphosphine (TBP) on the PbSe nanocrystal growth during synthesis, as well as the effect of OA ligands on the nanocrystal stability after synthesis. These ligands play important roles in the nucleation and growth mechanism of nanocrystals. We have discovered that the ligand effect on the growth of PbSe nanocrystals can differ from that on the mostly studied CdSe nanocrystals. Also, we present a method for producing relatively smaller and more monodisperse PbSe nanocrystals based on our new understanding that the use of TBP, instead of the generally reported TOP, can slow down the growth of PbSe nanocrystals. In addition, our postsynthetic investigation of OA ligand effects demonstrate the dominant desorption of OA-bonded Pb atoms, causing the shrinkage of PbSe nanocrystals. This provides some insight into stabilization strategies for labile PbSe nanocrystals.
Knowing Nature through Markets: Trade, Populations, and the History of Ecology

Those concerned with issues of environmental sustainability typically harbor a deep ambivalence with respect to markets and related institutions of the capitalist system of production and distribut...