cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A partner-rating scale of postpartum depression: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale - Partner (EPDS-P).

Partners could be useful as informants of postpartum women’s depressive symptoms; however, currently no partner-ratings exist. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale – Partner (EPDS-P) is a 10-item measure adapted from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The EPDS-P is expected to converge with the EPDS and other measures of depressive symptoms and to demonstrate incremental validity in the prediction of depressive symptoms. 101 women and their partners completed multiple measures of depressive symptoms during the first six weeks postpartum. Initial results suggest adequate reliability and validity for the EPDS-P. The EPDS-P showed moderate convergent correlations with other depression measures. Longitudinal correlations showed a link between the two-week EPDS-P and the six-week EPDS. The EPDS-P demonstrated incremental validity over and above the EPDS. Results supported the use of the EPDS-P as a valid partner-rating scale. The findings confirm that partners of postpartum women are valuable resources when assessing depressive symptoms.
Semi-supervised consensus clustering for gene expression data analysis

Simple clustering methods such as hierarchical clustering and k-means are widely used for gene expression data analysis; but they are unable to deal with noise and high dimensionality associated with the microarray gene expression data. Consensus clustering appears to improve the robustness and quality of clustering results. Incorporating prior knowledge in clustering process (semi-supervised clustering) has been shown to improve the consistency between the data partitioning and domain knowledge. We proposed semi-supervised consensus clustering (SSCC) to integrate the consensus clustering with semi-supervised clustering for analyzing gene expression data. We investigated the roles of consensus clustering and prior knowledge in improving the quality of clustering. SSCC was compared with one semi-supervised clustering algorithm, one consensus clustering algorithm, and k-means. Experiments on eight gene expression datasets were performed using h-fold cross-validation. Using prior knowledge improved the clustering quality by reducing the impact of noise and high dimensionality in microarray data. Integration of consensus clustering with semi-supervised clustering improved performance as compared to using consensus clustering or semi-supervised clustering separately. Our SSCC method outperformed the others tested in this paper.
Phonetic recognition in a segment-based HMM

The author describes a segment-based HMM (hidden Markov model) recognizer and presents phonetic recognition results achieved with the system. As opposed to a conventional frame-based HMM, measurements in such a system are made on variable-duration segments. The key experimental result is that inclusion of measurements made beyond segment boundaries improves phonetic recognition performance significantly. On a set of nine male test speakers from the VOYAGER corpus, the system obtained a phonetic recognition accuracy of 59% (95% confidence interval of 53-65%) on a 39-class phonetic recognition task. Although little attempt was made to optimize system parameters, this result is competitive with existing systems of comparable complexity. >
Dietary iron intake in the first 4 months of infancy and the development of type 1 diabetes: a pilot study

To investigate the impact of iron intake on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Case-control study with self-administered questionnaire among families of children with T1DM who were less than 10 years old at the time of the survey and developed diabetes between age 1 and 6 years. Data on the types of infant feeding in the first 4 months of life was collected from parents of children with T1DM (n = 128) and controls (n = 67) <10 years old. Because some cases had sibling controls, we used conditional logistic regression models to analyze the data in two ways. First we performed a case-control analysis of all 128 cases and 67 controls. Next, we performed a case-control analysis restricted to cases (n = 59) that had a sibling without diabetes (n = 59). Total iron intake was modeled as one standard deviation (SD) increase in iron intake. The SD for iron intake was 540 mg in the total sample and 539 mg in the restricted sample as defined above. The median (min, max) total iron intake in the first 4 months of life was 1159 (50, 2399) mg in T1DM cases and 466 (50, 1224) mg among controls (P < 0.001). For each one standard deviation increase in iron intake, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for type 1 diabetes was 2.01 (1.183, 3.41) among all participants (128 cases and 67 controls) while it was 2.26 (1.27, 4.03) in a restricted sample of T1 D cases with a control sibling (59 cases and 59 controls) in models adjusted for birth weight, age at the time of the survey, and birth order. In this pilot study, high iron intake in the first 4 months of infancy is associated with T1DM. Whether iron intake is causal or a marker of another risk factor warrants further investigation.
Teaching students to solve insight problems: Evidence for domain specificity in creativity training

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate whether insight problem solving depends on domain‐specific or domain‐general problem‐solving skills, that is, whether people think in terms of conceptually different types of insight problems. In Study 1, participants sorted insight problems into categories. A cluster analysis revealed 4 main categories of insight problems: verbal, mathematical, spatial, and a combination of verbal or spatial. In Studies 2 and 3, participants received training in how to solve verbal, spatial, or mathematical problems, or all 3 types. They were taught that solutions to verbal insight problems lie in defining and analyzing the terms in the problem, solutions to mathematical insight problems lie in a novel approach to numbers, or solutions to spatial insight problems lie in removing a self‐imposed constraint. In both studies, the spatial trained group performed better than the verbal trained group on spatial problems but not on other types of problems. These findings ...
Influence of Posttreatment Temperature on the Toxicity of Insecticides Against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

The psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is one of the most important pests of citrus worldwide because it efÞciently vectors three bacteria in the genus Can- didatus Liberibacter that cause the devastating citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). Current management practices for this insect pest rely on multiple sprays of foliar insecticides and one or two applications of soil systemic insecticides per season. Effective psyllid and disease management in Florida requires insecticide applications throughout the entire season over wide ranging temperature and environmental conditions. Using a petri dish bioassay technique, the effect of posttreatment temperature (range, 17Ð37C) on the toxicity of selected organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and di- methoate), carbamate (carbaryl), avermectin (abamectin), pyrethroid (bifenthrin, zeta-cyper- methrin, fenpropathrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin), and neonicotinoid (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) insecticides was evaluated against adultD.citri. The toxicity of both organophosphates showed a positive temperature correlation within the 17Ð37C range. Similarly, carbaryl (carbamate) and abamectin (avermectin) exhibited increased toxicity with increasing temperature from 17 to 37C, with abamectin showing higher overall temperature-dependent toxicity against D. citri adults than carbaryl. With the exception of bifenthrin, which showed a positive temperature-dependent toxicity correlation between 27 and 37C, all other pyrethroids tested exhibited a negative correlation over the temperature range examined. The toxicity of fenpropathrin and lambda-cyhalothrin dramatically decreased with increasing temperature from 17 to 37C. The neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thia- methoxam exhibited a mixed response to increasing temperature, whereas acetamiprid showed a positive temperature correlation. However, all three neonicotinoids showed positive temperature- dependent toxicity correlations against D. citri adults over the temperature range tested. These data will enable citrus growers to choose the most effective insecticides forD.citri control from the various classes currently available depending on the prevailing temperature conditions.
Xanthusbase after five years expands to become Openmods

Xanthusbase (http://www.xanthusbase.org), a model organism database for the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus, functions as a collaborative information repository based on Wikipedia principles. It was created more than 5 years ago to serve as a cost-effective reference database for M. xanthus researchers, an education tool for undergraduate students to learn about genome annotation, and a means for the community of researchers to collaboratively improve their organism’s annotation. We have achieved several goals and are seeking creative solutions to ongoing challenges. Along the way we have made several important improvements to Xanthusbase related to stability, security and usability. Most importantly, we have designed and implemented an installer that enables other microbial model organism communities to use it as a MOD. This version, called Openmods, has already been used to create Xenorhabdusbase (http://xenorhabdusbase.bact.wisc.edu), Caulobacterbase (http://caulobacterbase.bsd.uchicago.edu) and soon Bdellovibriobase.
Dyads in Organizational Research: Conceptual Issues and Multilevel Analyses:

Although extensive work exists on multilevel theory building, testing and inference drawing in organizational research, work focusing on interpersonal relationships and the dyad as a level of analysis is scarcer compared to research focusing on individuals, groups/teams, and organizations. This scarcity is attributable to conceptual and methodological challenges in modeling dyads as a level of analysis. To address these challenges, we first present a discussion of the conceptualization of different dyadic configurations in work settings. Then, drawing on this conceptual treatment, we develop and illustrate the application of Random Coefficient Modeling (RCM) via nesting for independent dyads and cross-classification for dependent dyads in work settings. Across both independent and dependent dyads, we illustrate the application of Within and Between Analysis (WABA), another multilevel technique for dyadic analyses. RCM and WABA stem from differing statistical assumptions and are capable of testing differen...
GABAergic modulation of ventilation and peak oxygen consumption in obese Zucker rats

Obesity is often associated with a reduced ventilatory response and a decreased maximal exercise capacity. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Alter...
Cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin's disease.

Background Cutaneous manifestations associated with Hodgkin's Disease (HD) have not been well described. Most existing studies of the cutaneous manifestations of HD are individual case reports or literature reviews. The goal of this study was to define the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations of HD, as observed by the consulting dermatologist at a cancer center. Methods The tumor registry database maintained by the Department of Medical Informatics and the M.D. Anderson Visits database over a 5-year period was searched to identify patients with a diagnosis of HD and an appointment with Dermatology. The medical records were reviewed to determine frequency and presentation of cutaneous findings in HD. Results The search identified a total of 1049 registered patients with HD, of which 88 were seen at the Dermatology Clinic. Of these 88 patients evaluated by dermatology, 47 patients had either paraneoplastic cutaneous manifestations associated with HD (n = 45) or cutaneous HD (n = 3). The most common paraneoplastic skin manifestations were eczema (n = 18) and pruritis (n = 17), mycosis fungoides (n = 11), and erythema nodosum (n = 3). Mycosis fungoides, observed in 1% of the patients with HD at MDACC, was more than 290 times more common in patients with HD than in the general population. Conclusion Although pruritis is the most commonly recognized presenting symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma, new onset of eczema should also be considered as a possible warning sign deserving further investigation. Patients with adult-onset pruritus or eczema should be evaluated for possible HD with full lymph-node exam, CBC with differential, and chest X-ray. Erythema nodosum and mycosis fungoides should also be considered as cutaneous manifestations of HD.
Essential fracture work of nylon 6‐silicate nanocomposites

In a fracture experiment of polymers, the total fracture work usually consists of an essential part as- sociated with the plastic deformation at the crack tip and a nonessential part related to the viscous relaxation in the background. In this article, the essential fracture work in nylon 6-silicate nanocomposites is measured through a se- ries of double-notched-sample (DNS) tests. The samples are of different silicate contents and crystallization conditions. As the cooling rate rises, the essential work is nearly constant while the total fracture work increases consider- ably, which should be attributed to the change in effective viscosity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 815- 819, 2005
A Run-time Adaptive and Code-size Efficient XML Parser

This paper proposes a new method for designing and implementing a manual XML parser named BNFParser, which is based on the mechanism of XML document matching against a BNF tree that built on XML formal grammar represented by Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Compared with generic XML parsers, e.g. Top-down Xerces/Libxml parser and Bottom-up YACC-assisted Parser, BNFParser is designed to be used under the circumstance of storage limitation and memory restriction, e.g. embedded devices. Another advantage of BNFParser is more flexible to be tailored and upgraded through only updating plain text BNF syntax rules instead of reediting and recompiling source code. Furthermore, we investigate the architectures of the generic XML parsers, and present the performance evaluation. Experiment shows that applicable scenario of BNFParser is parsing an XML document with size less than 100 KB.
Polyphosphoinositides-dependent regulation of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton and bone resorption

Gelsolin, an actin capping protein of osteoclast podosomes, has a unique function in regulating assembly and disassembly of the podosome actin filament. Previously, we have reported that osteopontin (OPN) binding to integrin αvβ3 increased the levels of gelsolin-associated polyphosphoinositides, podosome assembly/disassembly, and actin filament formation. The present study was undertaken to identify the possible role of polyphosphoinositides and phosphoinositides binding domains (PBDs) of gelsolin in the osteoclast cytoskeletal structural organization and osteoclast function. Transduction of TAT/full-length gelsolin and PBDs containing gelsolin peptides into osteoclasts demonstrated: 1) F-actin enriched patches; 2) disruption of actin ring; 3) an increase in the association polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) with the transduced peptides containing PBDs. The above-mentioned effects were more pronounced with gelsolin peptide containing 2 tandem repeats of PBDs (PBD (2)). Binding of PPIs to the transduced peptides has resulted in reduced levels of PPIs association with the endogenous gelsolin, and thereby disrupted the actin remodeling processes in terms of podosome organization in the clear zone area and actin ring formation. These peptides also exhibited a dominant negative effect in the formation of WASP-Arp2/3 complex indicating the role of phosphoinositides in WASP activation. The TAT-PBD gelsolin peptides transduced osteoclasts are functionally defective in terms of motility and bone resorption. Taken together, these data demonstrate that transduction of PBD gelsolin peptides into osteoclasts produced a dominant negative effect on actin assembly, motility, and bone resorption. These findings indicate that phosphoinositide-mediated signaling mechanisms regulate osteoclast cytoskeleton, podosome assembly/disassembly, actin ring formation and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts.
Multiscale Models of Breast Cancer Progression

Breast cancer initiation, invasion and metastasis span multiple length and time scales. Molecular events at short length scales lead to an initial tumorigenic population, which left unchecked by immune action, acts at increasingly longer length scales until eventually the cancer cells escape from the primary tumor site. This series of events is highly complex, involving multiple cell types interacting with (and shaping) the microenvironment. Multiscale mathematical models have emerged as a powerful tool to quantitatively integrate the convective-diffusion-reaction processes occurring on the systemic scale, with the molecular signaling processes occurring on the cellular and subcellular scales. In this study, we reviewed the current state of the art in cancer modeling across multiple length scales, with an emphasis on the integration of intracellular signal transduction models with pro-tumorigenic chemical and mechanical microenvironmental cues. First, we reviewed the underlying biomolecular origin of breast cancer, with a special emphasis on angiogenesis. Then, we summarized the development of tissue engineering platforms which could provide high-fidelity ex vivo experimental models to identify and validate multiscale simulations. Lastly, we reviewed top-down and bottom-up multiscale strategies that integrate subcellular networks with the microenvironment. We present models of a variety of cancers, in addition to breast cancer specific models. Taken together, we expect as the sophistication of the simulations increase, that multiscale modeling and bottom-up agent-based models in particular will become an increasingly important platform technology for basic scientific discovery, as well as the identification and validation of potentially novel therapeutic targets.
On the singular set, the resolvent and Fermi's Golden Rule for finite volume hyperbolic surfaces

Consider a finite volume hyperbolic surface. Under perturbation the spectrum of the Laplace operator is unstable but the singular set is stable. We characterize the singular set in terms of the resolvent of the Laplace operator and extend Fermi's Golden Rule to the case of multiple eigenvalues.
Pharmacy staff opinions regarding diabetic retinopathy screenings in the community setting: findings from a brief survey.

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a retinal vascular disorder that affects more than 4.1 million people in the United States. New methods of detecting and ensuring adequate follow-up of this life-altering disease are vital to improving patient outcomes. Wills Eye Hospital and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are conducting a collaborative study to initiate a novel diabetic retinopathy screening in the community setting. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of a more widespread, large-scale implementation of this novel model of care for diabetic retinopathy screening in the community setting. METHODS A simple, self-administered survey was distributed to pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, student pharmacists, and Wills Eye Hospital interns. The survey consisted of open-ended questions and responders were given 1 week to respond. A total of 22 surveys were distributed and 16 were completed. The responses were culled and analyzed to assess the feasibility of implementing this novel screening model in the pharmacy. RESULTS The response rate to this pilot survey was 72%. The majority of the responding pharmacy staff members indicated that diabetic retinopathy screening in community pharmacies would greatly benefit patients and could improve patient care. However, they also noted barriers to implementing the screening, such as concerns about the cost of carrying out the screenings, the cost of the equipment needed to be purchased, and the lack of time and shortage of pharmacy staff. CONCLUSION The potential exists for pharmacists to positively influence diabetes care by implementing retinopathy care through the early detection of the disease and reinforcement of the need for follow-up; however, real-world barriers must be addressed before widespread adoption of such a novel model of care becomes feasible.
FORMATION OF INSULIN-SECRETING, SERTOLI-ENRICHED TISSUE CONSTRUCTS BY MICROGRAVITY COCULTURE OF ISOLATED PIG ISLETS AND RAT SERTOLI CELLS

Pancreatic islets, isolated from neonatal pigs, and Sertoli cells, isolated from prepubertal rats, were cocultured in simulated microgravity utilizing the NASA-developed highly accelerating, rotating vessel (HARV) biochamber. Following 5 d of incubation, three-dimensional Sertoli-islet cell aggregates (SICA) retained the ability to secrete insulin when exposed to elevated glucose. SICA contained FasL-positive Sertoli cells and insulin-positive β-cells randomly organized within the spherical construct. The addition of 1% Matrigel induced the reorganization of aggregates (SICAs formed in the presence of Matrigel [SICAmgs]) showing the peripherialization and epithelialization of Sertoli cells and the centralization of islets in association with lumen-like spaces. The Sertoli cells, but not Matrigel, aided in preserving the structural integrity of HARV-incubated islets. Neither Matrigel nor Sertoli cells appeared to interfere with the ability of SICA or SICAmg to secrete insulin and express FasL.
Enhancement of humoral and cellular immunity by vitamin E after embryonic exposure

In the present study, the amnion of turkey and chicken embryos were injected 3 d prior to hatch with different levels of vitamin E (VE). In Experiments 1 and 2, turkey embryos received 10, 20, and 30 IU of VE. In Experiment 3, broiler embryos received 10 IU VE. In all three experiments, sham-injected control embryos (0 IU VE) received 300 microL of saline. In Experiments 1 and 2 (turkey embryos), 20 and 30 IU of VE reduced (P < or = 0.05) percentage hatchability below that of controls. At hatch, poults exhibited a dose related increase (P < 0.05) in plasma VE levels. Mean BW gain up to 35 d and relative bursa of Fabricius and spleen weights were not different among treatment groups. When challenged at 7 d posthatch, total (P < 0.05) and IgM (P < 0.08) anti-SRBC antibodies were higher in 10 IU VE poults than in controls. Immunoglobulin G levels did not differ among the treatment groups. Poults in the 10 IU VE group had higher (P < 0.002) numbers of Sephadex-elicited inflammatory exudate cells, as well as a greater percentage of phagocytic macrophages (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the numbers of SRBC per phagocytic macrophage were greater (P < 0.001), than in control poults at 4 wk of age. In Experiment 3, chick embryos exposed to 10 IU VE, exhibited no differences in hatchability, BW gain, or bursal and splenic weights from the sham-exposed group. However, total and IgM antibody responses against SRBC were greater (P < 0.01) in the 10 IU VE group at 7 d postinjection. A secondary SRBC challenge given at 14 d after primary injection resulted in higher total (P < 0.07) and IgG (P < 0.04) antibody responses in the 10 IU VE chicks than in the controls. Similarly, broiler chicks (10 IU VE) had more Sephadex-elicited abdominal exudate cells (P < 0.07), and greater macrophage phagocytic potential (P < 0.0001). In ovo VE exposure (10 IU) also increased nitrite production (P < 0.04) by chick macrophages. The results from this study demonstrated an enhanced antibody and macrophage response and suggest that in ovo exposure with VE may improve posthatch poult and broiler quality.
Revegetating weed-infested rangeland with niche-differentiated desirable species

The goal of this study was to determine the potential to revegetate weed-infested rangeland by maximizing niche occupation and resource capture by desirable species. We hypothesized that as desirable species richness increases, weed establishment and growth decrease, provided that the desirable species differ in niche. Three desirable species with differing spatial and temporal growth patterns, [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., var. Hycrest (crested wheatgrass), Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski, var. Rush (intermediate wheatgrass), and Medicago sativa L., var. Arrow (alfalfa)], and 1 weed [Centaurea maculosa Lam. (spotted knapweed)], were grown in a multiple replacement series. All species were sown simultaneously in spring 1996, simulating revegetation of a site containing spotted knapweed seeds in the seed bank because of prior infestation. Desirable species richness varied among plots, while the total number of desirable seeds sown per plot was held constant. Although the desirable species were shown to differ in niche, desirable species richness or mixture did not affect soil water depletion or spotted knapweed recruitment in 1996 or 1997. These results suggest that revegetation of weed-infested rangeland must also include active control of weeds emerging from the soil seed bank. Only then can other strategies, such as maximizing niche occupation by desirable species, be expected to provide long-term success.
Two-dimensional matrix-based non-complex axis-of-rotation error modeling

Abstract This work applies to the evaluation of a spindle as an integral part of a machine whose task is the measurement or modifying the shape or other parameter of a workpiece. This includes the co-influences of the spindle, its drive units and structural loop of the machine. First, the matrix-based two-dimensional simplified solution free of complex numbers is described. Second, bounds that encompass all possible radial error motions are determined from the matrix-based model. Third, it is shown that excited unidirectional resonances are improperly perceived as retrograde errors during evaluation due to the calculation and removal of reference ball eccentricity effects. Fourth, using a Fourier multi-dimensional spatial spectrum model, the stator referenced spindle error can result in a particular m th spectral component producing an effect at both the m + 1 and m − 1 spatial frequencies on the workpiece if the tool is mounted on the rotor. Fifth, it is shown how to directly calculate the (+ and −) m th characteristic rotating vectors. Sixth, a quick consideration will be given to estimating 3D part errors on radially varying surfaces such as but not limited to cones and spheres.
More than a License to Drive: State Restrictions on the Use of Driver's Licenses by Noncitizens

This article surveyed the state driver's licenses laws of the 50 states with regard to granting them to noncitizens of the United States. After an examination of the states' regulations that restrict noncitizens from obtaining driving licenses, I propose a typology of the predominant statutory regimes that the research disclosed. Following the typological analysis, the article analyzes the constitutionality of the various schemes and addresses the moral arguments regarding this legislation. Using political theory principles and the philosophical theory regarding discipline and punishment of Michel Foucault, I argue that the states driver's license regulatory schemes are a form of social control of immigrants, and conclude that the debate over licensing for noncitizens responds to these larger societal concerns and conflicts in the status of noncitizens in the United States.
A multi-faceted model of the consequences of sample size choice in usability testing

A multi-faceted model is developed to demonstrate the consequences of sample size choice in usability testing. This model takes into account the severity levels of user performance, the distribution of severity levels, the impact of usability problems, the benefit of improving user interface components, and the decision-making regarding which usability problems to solve. A large-scale usability test (N=103) of two products (Connexions and Snapfish) was carried out to provide real-world empirical data for the multi-faceted model. Simulations based on both the empirical data and other possible situations in usability testing were done to demonstrate the sample size influence on the estimation of severity, impact, and benefit given various types of parameters. The results showed that there were great risks in using small samples in various situations, especially when the shapes of the distributions of severity levels were positively skewed or bimodal. The results also indicated that user distributions at different severity levels and the impact weights of the usability problems had the most influence whereas the improvement factors and the improvement schemes had little influence on the sample size requirements. In addition, the user distribution data from the empirical study were transformed to dichotomous data. The analysis of the dichotomous data, together with the simulations based on the dichotomous data and the binomial model used frequently by the previous researchers, showed that the assumptions of usability problem independence and homogeneous users for the binomial model were seriously violated in such a way as to greatly overestimate the rate of problem detection.
Violent Video Games as Alter Ego

From Colorado to Connecticut the saga of shootings crisscrosses the country like a reoccurring nightmare. Each time we are taken off-guard as we try to understand the reasons behind the killings. A...
Aquatic Invasive Species and Non-Random Lake Infestation

Milfoil is an aggressive aquatic invasive species that affects freshwater lakes by altering lake ecosystems and degrading the quality of water recreation activities. Three studies estimating the effect of milfoil infestation on lakefront property values have each found substantial discounts. However, whether based on past or current methods of treatment, the present value of milfoil mitigation/eradication costs are relatively small. One weakness of the previous studies is that milfoil infestation is treated as random. Using the Horsch-Lewis (2009) data, we treat milfoil infestation as endogenous, and find no adverse price effects to lakefront properties from milfoil during the sample period.
Selected Topics from Pólya's Work in Complex Analysis

(1987). Selected Topics from Polya's Work in Complex Analysis. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 271-274.
The neurologic basis of fever.

Fever is a complex, coordinated autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral response that is adaptive and is used by nearly all vertebrates as part of the acute-phase reaction to immune challenge. Although the febrile response can be elicited by a wide variety of infectious organisms and may also occur during noninfectious inflammatory conditions, its manifestations are stereotyped and largely independent of the causative agent. Like other integrated responses, such as the regulation of energy metabolism, blood pressure and volume, and reproduction, fever depends on humoral cues from the body, is orchestrated largely by the hypothalamus, and involves the coordination of a wide . . .
Politics and Morality in State Abortion Policy

The number and variety of state policies regulating abortion each year is increasing. Opponents of abortion adopted a strategy of “legal but inaccessible” that has resulted in the passage of more t...
16. A Comparison of Usage Panel Judgments in the American Heritage Dictionary 2 and Usage Conclusions and Recommendations in Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage

Until the twentieth century, books containing information about usage—about which of a num ber of optional ways of expressing a given m eaning are part of the standard language and which are not—have largely been authoritarian and prescriptive in nature. In Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary (1755) for example, m ore than a thousand words or uses of words are accompanied by restrictive labels or comments expressingjohnson’s opinion, often forcefully stated, as to the suitability or correctness of a locution. Subsequent dictionaries have continued Johnson’s practice, and they have been jo ined by scores of grammars, handbooks, and guides to “good usage.” With only a few exceptions, for example Joseph Priestley’s The Rudiments of English Grammar (1761), not until this century have there been usage books which, instead of expressing the judgm ent of the author about the appropriateness or correctness of a usage, have attem pted to determ ine and describe standard spoken and written English. Two recent works are representative of the two ways of treating usage. The older tradition is represented in a special way by The American Heritage Dictionary (Boston: Houghton Mifflin; ed. William Morris; hereafter AHD1). It first appeared in 1969 and was advertised as the answer and antidote to a claimed abrogation of responsibility in matters of correct usage by the editor of Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1961). A sec­ ond edition of the American Heritage, published in 1982, carried on the tradition, claiming to contain “hundreds of usage notes [re­ flecting] the opinions of the distinguished Usage Panel.” The source of guidance in both editions is a Usage Panel (105 persons in the first edition) of “those professional speakers and writers who have dem onstrated their sensitiveness to the language and their
Demystifying the persistent pneumothorax: role of imaging

Evaluation for pneumothorax is an important indication for obtaining chest radiographs in patients who have had trauma, recent cardiothoracic surgery or are on ventilator support. By definition, a persistent pneumothorax constitutes ongoing bubbling of air from an in situ chest drain, 48 h after its insertion. Persistent pneumothorax remains a diagnostic dilemma and identification of potentially treatable aetiologies is important. These may be chest tube related (kinks or malposition), lung parenchymal disease, bronchopleural fistula, or rarely, oesophageal-pleural fistula. Although radiographs remain the mainstay for diagnosis and follow up of pneumothorax, computed tomography (CT) is increasingly being used for problem solving. Aetiology of persistent air leak determines the optimal treatment. For some, a simple repositioning of the chest tube/drain may suffice; others may require surgery. In this pictorial review, we will briefly describe the physiology of pneumothorax, discuss imaging features of identifiable causes for persistent pneumothorax and provide a brief overview of treatment options. Specific aetiology of a persistent air leak may often not be immediately discernible, and will need to be carefully sought. Accurate interpretation of imaging studies can expedite diagnosis and facilitate prompt treatment. Key points • Persistent pneumothorax is defined as a leak persisting for more than 2 days. • Radiographs can identify chest-tube-related causes of pneumothorax. • CT is the most useful test to identify other causes. • Penetrating thoracic injury can cause fistulous communication resulting in a persistent pneumothorax. • Discontinuity of visceral pleura identified by CT may indicate a bronchopleural fistula.
Effect of platelet depletion and inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase on C5a-mediated myocardial ischemia

Activation of the complement cascade is involved in the myocardial injury resulting from transient ischemia and reperfusion. We previously showed that the complement anaphylatoxin C5a causes myocar...
Medición y evaluación para los procesos de admisión de la educación superior: Hallazgos desde California

This article provides an overview of the measurement and evaluation efforts that have been at the heart of the University of California s admissions system throughout the last century, with a particular focus on developments over the past 30 years. It describes the admissions experience, tensions, and challenges presented by the use of standardized testing, as well as alternative admissions paths implemented more recently. The article ends with an overview of the challenges that lie ahead for the most selective higher education institution in California; these may also be relevant to other higher education institutions around the world.
Analysis of influential factors in software test

Software test plays an increasingly important role in software quality improvement,and the research on various software test approaches in order to improve test quality becomes popular.In this study,for finding out the impact on test quality of the actors such as size,complexity,experience of people,schedule,a linear regression model based on data collected from 37 test projects was constructed and a significance test was carried out through linear fitness.The authors find out that schedule pressure has significant linear relationship with software test quality.
Increased diatom dissolution in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica linked to inception of the Prydz Bay gyre

Diatom assemblages and abundance in marine sediment cores are utilised as proxies of paleoceanographic conditions. However, diatoms are altered by taphonomic processes, which cause diatom accumulation rates to vary while simultaneously altering assemblages by removing some species from the sedimentary record. Furthermore, these taphonomic processes vary with space and time. Additionally, significant insights into the marine carbon and silicon cycles can be gained by assessing variability in diatom dissolution. Sediment core NBP0101-JPC24 from Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, provides a detailed Holocene record of diatom community shifts in an ecologically significant section of the Antarctic coast. The sedimentary and paleontologic record in JPC24 records the inception of the Prydz Bay gyre during deglaciation, as well as an increase in sea ice and in wind-related turbulence over the last 7000 years. A record of diatom preservation for JPC24 has been established by examining dissolution-induced changes in the ...
Will prostatic acid phosphatase determination by radioimmunoassay increase the diagnosis of early prostatic cancer

AbstractThe determination of serum prostatic acid phosphatase by radioimmunoassay has received considerable attention as a more sensitive and specific test than its measurement by the usual enzymatic assay. It has been suggested that the increased sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay will improve greatly our ability to diagnose prostatic cancer in the early operative stages.Our study compares prostatic acid phosphatase determination by the radioimmunoassay and enzymatic techniques in 56 untreated and treated patients with prostatic cancer. In addition, 22 patients with biopsy-proved benign prostatic hyperplasia also were studied. The radioimmunoassay used was based on antibodies raised against prostatic acid phosphatase highly purified by 2-stage, ion-specific chromatography and isoelectric focusing techniques. The enzymatic assay used thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate.The patients were staged on the basis of digital examination, technetium bone scan and pelvic lymphadenectomy. There were 4 pa...
Simulated Permeation and Characterization of PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles in a Lipid Bilayer System

PEGylated gold nanoparticles are considered suitable nanocarriers for use in biomedical applications and targeted drug delivery systems. In our previous investigation with the alkanethiol-functionalized gold nanoparticle, we found that permeation across a protein-free phospholipid membrane resulted in damaging effects of lipid displacement and water and ion leakage. In the present study, we carry out a series of coarse-grained molecular simulations to explore permeation of lipid bilayer systems by a PEGylated gold nanoparticle, especially at the bulk-liquid–lipid interface as well as the interface between the two lipid leaflets. Initially, we examine molecular-level details of a PEGylated gold nanoparticle (constructed from cycled annealing) in water and find a distribution of ligand configurations (from mushroom to brush states) present in nanoparticles with medium to high surface coverage. We also find that the characteristic properties of the PEGylated gold nanoparticle do not change when it is placed ...
Visualization of Changes in the Choriocapillaris, Choroidal Vessels, and Retinal Morphology After Focal Laser Photocoagulation Using OCT Angiography

Purpose To utilize optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) to describe alterations in the retinal and choriocapillaris vasculature following remote laser photocoagulation. Lesions are classified on the basis of choriocapillaris alteration as evaluated on en face OCTA. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzing 28 laser photocoagulation scars from 8 patients treated for diabetic macular edema. All eyes were analyzed using a combination of OCTA, en face and cross-sectional OCT, and fundus photography. Two masked readers scored images for alterations at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroid, and choriocapillaris. Laser photocoagulation lesions were classified as deep if choriocapillaris alteration was present on OCTA; lesions were classified as superficial if no choriocapillaris alteration was present on OCTA. Results Optical coherence tomography angiography was found to be useful for evaluation of choriocapillaris alteration underlying regions of laser scarring. Of the 28 analyzed laser scars, 13 were classified as superficial and 15 were classified as deep. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography angiography can be used to visualize choriocapillaris alterations associated with focal laser photocoagulation treatment.
Principles of Surgical Therapy in Oncology

The role of surgery in the treatment of cancer has seen a dramatic change over the past century, from that of the only chance for cure to becoming one weapon in an armamentarium of oncologic therapies. As the role of surgery changes, so has the role of the surgeon, evolving from cancer surgeon to surgical oncologist. This role continues to evolve, as the management of cancer is altered by increased knowledge of genetics, molecular biology, and tumor immunology. Although surgery has historically been the first line of defense against a tumor, the escalating use of neoadjuvant therapies often shifts surgery to the second or third line. The role of surgery has expanded from that of purely therapeutic to include both palliation and prophylaxis. Inasmuch as surgeons are the ones with direct access to tumors, they have cemented their role as physician-scientists, investigating novel molecular and immunologic therapies. As new discoveries continue to transform our approach to cancer, the field of surgical oncology will continue to evolve (Table 4.1).
Measuring Self-Reported Sexual Victimization Experiences at One University: A Comparison of Methods.

In light of calls for higher educational institutions to conduct surveys on sexual victimization, the purpose of this study was to compare the sexual victimization estimates for male and female college students from two types of surveys conducted by the same university in 2011 and 2013. Results indicate that question wording significantly affects estimates, especially for sexual victimization involving incapacitation. Recommendations on ways to measure unwanted sexual activities and policy implications are included.
Antenna subsystem for the INTELSAT VII spacecraft

A multifunction antenna subsystem consisting of communications and telemetry/command antennas for the INTELSAT VII communications satellite is described. The antenna subsystem design is dictated by a requirement to provide multiple communications links between the Earth and the spacecraft and by a need to track, command, and monitor the spacecraft during all phases of its flight. The eight different types of antennas on the spacecraft are described in detail. The subsystem performance has been analytically verified by computer modeling. The basic hardware design has been completed, and fabrication and testing of the engineering model hardware are in progress. >
Incidence and Survival After In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Nonelderly Adults: US Experience, 2007 to 2012.

Background—Survival trends after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ICPR) for cardiac arrest in nonelderly adults is not well known. Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines on...
Copper ball bond recipe cliff test on two pad aluminum thicknesses

“Cliff test” studies with thermosonic wirebond of 25μm copper (Cu) wire were done on integrated circuit pads having either 0.8μm or 3.0μm aluminum (Al) thickness to investigate the effect on intermetallic (IMC) formation and shear test results. One half of the pads had been probed, leaving relatively large and invasive probe marks, while the other pads were unprobed prior to wirebond. Manufacturing recipes already in use for Cu bonding on each pad thickness were designated as the “nominal” conditions. The so-called “USG cliff test” investigates wirebond results when changing the ultrasonic generator (USG) current away from the nominal setting, in increments of 10% difference, until a non-stick-on-pad (NSOP) condition occurs or until the ball has become so flat that a shear test cannot be performed. Experimental USG settings ranged from −40% up to +120% from nominal. NSOP occurred at −40% USG current. In separate tests, a similar “Force cliff test” changed the bond force away from nominal, in increments of 10% difference. NSOP did not occur when varying the force between −80% and +150% from nominal. Probe mark effects on Cu wirebond shear test results are evaluated for nominal Cu wirebonding conditions on both Al thicknesses.
Assessing language discrepancies between travelers and online travel recommendation systems: Application of the Jaccard distance score to web data mining

By using a human-centric approach to online recommender systems, this research aims to estimate the language discrepancies of which travelers and destination marketers describe the travel experiences across 11 tourism destinations in USA. In order to address the research purpose, data has been collected from two different sources that reflect the views of travelers and service providers. Then, a set of text data mining methods (i.e., clustering analysis and Jaccard distance score) was applied to identify the language differences between travelers and CVB websites, according to the following categories: shopping, dining, nightlife/activities, and attractions. Some possible methodological extensions that can improve recommendation capabilities, and managerial implications of these findings are provided.
First report of the soybean pest Euschistus quadrator (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Mississippi

Summary Here, we report on the first state and county record of Euschistus quadrator Rolston (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Washington County, Mississippi. The species has been documented from Honduras to Virginia primarily on soybean, cotton, various row crops, fruit, and non-crop hosts. The local impact on agricultural crops in the area is unknown. The lack of E. quadrator sightings in Mississippi compared with the frequency of occurrence in literature from Louisiana is of interest. Weather patterns may have contributed to the range expansion. Future efforts to educate growers and consultants on identifying key characteristics of the various Euschistus species common in the southeastern United States may reveal an even larger distribution of E. quadrator in the state and region.