cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuel movement along grain boundaries in ice

Abstract Knowledge about movement of hydrocarbon-based fuels in ice is relevant to marine and terrestrial fuel spills in polar regions, and to the dispersion of hydrocarbon-based drilling fluids used to maintain lithostatic pressure in deep ice coring projects. The latter is of concern from both environmental and sample integrity aspects, particularly for projects that plan to sample deep subglacial environments such as Lake Vostok. These concerns prompted us to examine the mobility of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in non-fractured polycrystalline ice near the melting point in darkened conditions characteristic of deep glacial ice. Our experiments revealed rapid fuel propagation along intergranular tubes, at velocities up to 1.6 m h− 1, in ice with an overall impurity concentration ranging from 7 to 10 μM. This fuel movement, herein referred to as fuel tunneling, was absent in ice grown from distilled water with two- to three-fold fewer impurities, suggesting a role of dissolved contaminants which tend to concentrate along grain boundaries. Fuel tunneling commenced when ice temperatures were within 0.2 °C of melting and water vein diameters about 0.5 mm. Our results show that bubble free, non-fractured polycrystalline ice near its melting point is highly permeable to liquid hydrocarbon fuel via grain boundaries, a result that should be considered when sampling deep subglacial lakes, particularly those with overlying accretion ice.
Transferrin receptor 2: Evidence for ligand-induced stabilization and redirection to a recycling pathway

Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) is a homologue of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), the protein that delivers iron to cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis of diferric transferrin (Fe(2)Tf). TfR2 also binds Fe(2)Tf, but it seems to function primarily in the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. In contrast to TfR1, the trafficking of TfR2 within the cell has not been extensively characterized. Previously, we showed that Fe(2)Tf increases TfR2 stability, suggesting that trafficking of TfR2 may be regulated by interaction with its ligand. In the present study, therefore, we sought to identify the mode of TfR2 degradation, to characterize TfR2 trafficking, and to determine how Fe(2)Tf stabilizes TfR2. Stabilization of TfR2 by bafilomycin implies that TfR2 traffics to the lysosome for degradation. Confocal microscopy reveals that treatment of cells with Fe(2)Tf increases the fraction of TfR2 localizing to recycling endosomes and decreases the fraction of TfR2 localizing to late endosomes. Mutational analysis of TfR2 shows that the mutation G679A, which blocks TfR2 binding to Fe(2)Tf, increases the rate of receptor turnover and prevents stabilization by Fe(2)Tf, indicating a direct role of Fe(2)Tf in TfR2 stabilization. The mutation Y23A in the cytoplasmic domain of TfR2 inhibits its internalization and degradation, implicating YQRV as an endocytic motif.
Changes in ascorbic acid metabolism of the rat during infection with Trypanosoma hippicum.

SummaryDehdroascorbic and total ascorbic acid were measured in the liver, spleen, adrenals, muscle, and plasma of rats infected with T. hippicum and the reduced ascorbic acid content of these tissues was calculated.The liver, spleen and adrenals showed significant decreases in reduced ascorbic acid content. The dehydroascorbic acid content of the muscle was increased slightly and both dehydroascorbic and reduced ascorbic acid of the plasma were increased two-fold.
Immunological Identification of Tarnished Plant Bug Predators

Populations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) and predatory insects were monitored in 2 Vermont apple orchards. Three generations of L. lineolaris were observed during the 1975 growing season. Predators were Podisus maculiventris (Say), Sinea diadema (Fab.), Geocoris punctipes (Say), and Nabis ferus (L.). An immunological micro double-diffusion technique was employed to determine the presence of L. lineolaris in predator gut contents with antibodies developed in rabbits. One antibody was purified as a check for L. lineolaris specificity. The technique was valid 42 h postingestion of L. lineolaris by the coccinellid Coleomegilla maculata lengi (Timberlake). Testing involved 202 predators and 11 positive reactions.
Temperature control during regeneration of activated carbon fiber cloth with resistance-feedback.

Electrothermal swing adsorption (ESA) of organic compounds from gas streams with activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) reduces emissions to the atmosphere and recovers feedstock for reuse. Local temperature measurement (e.g., with a thermocouple) is typically used to monitor/control adsorbent regeneration cycles. Remote electrical resistance measurement is evaluated here as an alternative to local temperature measurement. ACFC resistance that was modeled based on its physical properties was within 10.5% of the measured resistance values during electrothermal heating. Resistance control was developed based on this measured relationship and used to control temperature to within 2.3% of regeneration set-point temperatures. Isobutane-laden adsorbent was then heated with resistance control. After 2 min of heating, the temperature of the adsorbent with isobutane was 13% less than the adsorbent without isobutane. This difference decreased to 2.1% after 9 min of heating, showing desorption of isobutane. An ACFC car...
Antibiotic-resistance transfer in Yersinia enterocolitica.

Most clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica have been reported to be inhibited by a wide variety of antimicrobial agents. This finding indicates that Y. enterocolitica infrequently acquires resistance by gene transfer from other bacteria in nature. In the present study the authors examined whether Y. enterocolitica has the potential for acquiring antibiotic resistance from another organism in vitro. Mixed cultures of multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and a sensitive Y. enterocolitica yielded resistant Y. enterocolitica . Resistance to at least four drugs was transferred at a frequency of approximately 10-7 transconjugants per donor. The newly resistant Y. enterocolitica transferred resistance to a sensitive E. coli at a slightly higher frequency. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was transferred to all five strains of Y. enterocolitica tested.
A Study of Cephalothin and Desacetylcephalothin in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Therapy for Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

One explanation for the failure of cephalothin to cure patients with bacterial meningitis is that desacetylcephalothin, an in vivo metabolite that has less antibacterial activity than the parent drug, penetrates more efficiently into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits, the peak levels of cephalothin and desacetylcephalothin in CSF after an intramuscular injection of 250 mg of cephalothin/ kg were, respectively, 1.43 + 4.9 ag/ml (2.8% of peak serum level) and 1.69 + 0.57 iAg/ml (2.2% of peak serum level). The observed half-life of desacetylcephalothin in CSF (3.32/hr) was longer (P < 0.01) than that of cephalothin (0.72/hr). Choroid plexuses isolated from the lateral cerebral ventricles of rabbits with meningitis took up cephalothin in vitro more avidly than desacetylcephalothin (P < 0.05), and metabolism of cephalothin to desacetylcephalothin by isolated choroid plexuses was demonstrated directly. Thus, intrathecal metabolism of cephalothin by the choroid plexus may contribute to the unsatisfactory performance of cephalothin in bacterial meningitis.
AN EXPERT-FREE TECHNIQUE FOR LIVE SITE UXO TARGET CLASSIFICATION

In this paper we examine methods of automatic classification applied to Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) across data sets from a live site. All sensors used are time-domain Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) sensors. We solve for target extrinsic and intrinsic parameters using the Differential Evolution (DE) and Ortho-Normalized Volume Magnetic Source (ONVMS) algorithm. This inversion provides target locations and intrinsic time-series total ONVMS principal eigenvalues. We fit these to an empirical power decay model, the Pasion-Oldenburg model, providing dimensionality reduction for a Machine Learning (ML) approach. We group anomalies by the unsupervised Weighted-Pair Group Method with Averaging (WPGMA) algorithm. After requesting Ground Truths (GT) for the central element of each cluster, we train a supervised Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), in which each class of UXO is represented by a multivariate Gaussian probability density. We request Ground Truths in rounds until we are confident there are no remaining Targets of Interest (TOI) in our survey of the site. Our system for UXO cleanup is fully automatic and expert free, and uses a priori knowledge combined with a learned algorithm.
Comparative responses of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained by counterflow centrifugal elutriation and Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation. II. Membrane potential changes, membrane receptor analysis, membrane fluidity, and analysis of the effects of the preparative techniques.

Abstract Standard preparative techniques for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes involves the sequential exposure of the PMN to dextran, Ficoll-Hypaque (FH) gradient centrifugation, and hypotonic stress. Counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE) allows isolation of PMN from whole blood without exposure to these potentially toxic substances. We have previously reported that PMN isolated by CCE release more superoxide on stimulation than do PMN isolated by standard techniques (FH PMN). In this report, we extend these observations and show that CCE and FH PMN have similar binding kinetics for the chemotactic peptide N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and similar membrane fluidity. CCE PMN, however, were noted to have a more marked membrane depolarization on stimulation with FMLP than FH PMN. We show that exposure of purified CCE PMN to dextran increases their superoxide release on stimulation, as well as the available FMLP binding sites. Exposure of FH PMN to elutriation buffer increased their superoxide release on stimulation. It was also noted that both CCE and FH PMN reexposed to FH increased available binding sites for FMLP. The possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
Molecular characters of epidemic cerebrospinal W135 Neisseria meningitidis strain firstly isolated in Guangdong province

Objective To analyze the molecular characters of the W135 Neisseria meningitidis strain fimfly isolated from patients in Guangdong province.Methods Biochemical profile by using the API NH system (bio-Merieux,Fmnce)was used for confirmation,and sere-grouping of the meningococeal isolates including one serogroup W135,one serogroup C and three serogroups of a Neisseria meningitidis isolated from patients in Guangdong province in recent two years were performed.The subtype was determined after amplifying porA and porB respectively from the genome DNA of Neisseria meningitidis.Multilocus sequence typing (MIST) was performed for determining the allele profiles and the sequence types(sTs).The polygenetic tree was obtained by analyzing the allele profiles with program Splits tree online.The molecular characters of the serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis was analyzed by its evolution relationship and the variable regions in porA and porB which encoding the outer membranes proteins (OMPs).Results The subtype determined by porA variable regions of the serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis was P1.5,2,which was one of the most invasive types.The types of variable regions (VRs)Ⅰ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅶ with porB were 1,1,1,17,and there was no Ⅵ and Ⅷ inporB.The allele profile of the W135 strain in this study was 2,123,4,3,8,4,6,and its sequence type was ST-2960,which belonged to ST-11/ET-37 clone complex.The subtypes of the serogroup C and serogroup A strains were P1.20,while their types of VR Ⅳ were all 7,and they all hadn't VR Ⅶ in porB.The strain serogroup C belonged to ST-4821 clone complex,and the 3 serogroup A strains belonged to ST-5 clone complex.Condusion The molecular character of the serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis should be the sanle with the strains isolated in foreign country,and be different from the epidemic types in the area.This serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitis isolated from patients in Guangdong for the first time was thought to be a new type appearing in the local area. Key words: Neisseria meningitidis; serogroup W-135; Genes ,porA; Genes,porB; Sequence analysis; Bacterial typing techniques
Norms, Reasons, and the Law

Legal philosophers tend to talk about the normativity of law as if it is a central aspect of law that we need to explain, often assuming that there a single underlying question about it. I think that this is a mistake. Part of what I argue in this paper is that there isn't really anything unique to the normativity of law. But this follows from something more fundamental that I explore here, which is the nature of norm following. My aim is to show that different kinds of norms provide reasons for action in different ways. The four kinds of norms that are discussed include norms that function to codify preexisting reasons for action, norms that instantiate or complete reasons for action that underdetermine the modes of conduct which would be responsive to the reasons, norms that constitute various human activities, and finally, authoritative directives. Having explored how these different types of norms bear on our reasons for action, I hope to show that these four kinds of norms are present in law as well, suggesting that the normativity of law is both complex and multifarious, yet not, I argue, essentially different from normativity in other domains.
From Ḥubb to ʿIshq: The Development of Love in Early Sufism

From the first centuries of Islam until today, love has been a central theme of Sufi literature. Sufi poems and sayings from the early Islamic period focus upon the words ḥubb and maḥabba, presenting God as the Divine beloved and the spiritual wayfarer as the lover. They thus posit a duality between the lover and the beloved. In the later Persian Sufi tradition, beginning with Saw~niḥ of Aḥmad al-Ghaz~l‚ (d. 517/1123), many Sufis move from the use of ḥubb and maḥabba to the word `ishq—passionate or extreme love. `Ishq then comes to be presented as the ultimate reality itself from which both the lover and the beloved derive, and all aspects of creation and the spiritual path are viewed as aspects of it.This paper examines the move from ḥubb and maḥabba to `ishq by contrasting the understanding of love in the early and middle periods. It then examines the myriad understandings of love in the early period and the underlying controversy regarding the use of the word `ishq to identify precedents for the teachings on `ishq that arose in the early sixth century. Though important treatises on ḥubb, maḥabba and `ishq were penned by philosophers, theologians, poets and literary critics, these are beyond the scope of this study.The extant Sufi treatises from the early period suggest that there was extensive debate regarding the attribution of `ishq to God and the use of the term to define the relationship between God and human beings. While some teachings attributed to al-™all~j (d. 309/922) appear to foreshadow the later Persian tradition and there are allusions to it in several early texts, there are no extant treatises that give to `ishq the centrality it finds in the Saw~niḥ and the later Sufi tradition. This transition towards a full metaphysics of love thus marks a watershed event in the development of Sufi literature.
Contemporary Issues in Left Realism

Using Roger Matthews’ (2014) book Realist Criminology as a launching pad, this article points to some timely issues that warrant attention from Left Realism. Special attention is devoted to rebuilding the Left realist movement and to some new empirical directions, such as critical studies of policing, adult Internet pornography, and rural women and girls in conflict with the law.
Energy-Efficient Design of the Secure Better Portable Graphics Compression Architecture for Trusted Image Communication in the IoT

Energy consumption has become a major concern in portable applications. This paper proposes an energy-efficient design of the Secure Better Portable Graphics Compression (SBPG) Architecture. The architecture proposed in this paper is suitable for imaging in the Internet of Things (IoT) as the main concentration is on the energy efficiency. The novel contributions of this paper are divided into two parts. One is the energy efficient SBPG architecture, which offers encryption and watermarking, a double layer protection to address most of the issues related to privacy, security and digital rights management. The other novel contribution is the Secure Digital Camera integrated with the SBPG architecture. The combination of these two gives the best quality imaging in an energy efficient way without compromising security. To estimate the power in the proposed architecture a pattern-independent method has been adopted where many simulations run in the design with different inputs and the average of the power dissipated is considered. The current and voltage values are considered from the output of the design, in order to calculate power. This is achieved with the help of sensor and power blocks available in Simulink. From the results obtained, it was observed that with the same peak signal to noise ratio, the power consumption is substantially reduced, up to 19%.
Using Images to Capture Faculty’s Beliefs About Play and Learning in Early Childhood Education and Care Settings

Findings are presented from a qualitative research study that used photo-elicitation methods to explore faculty members’ beliefs about play and learning for children in Early Childhood Education and Care environments when teaching preservice early childhood educators in recognized post-secondary Early Childhood Education programs in Canada. Participants believe that play is a vehicle for learning, advocate for children’s free play in Early Childhood Education and Care settings as well as express concerns about the decline of play in children’s lives. Implications of findings and the benefits of using images to elicit teacher beliefs in research will be discussed. Research on faculty members’ beliefs is limited and findings come at an opportune time as advocacy for play in the early years is needed.
Associations of Protein-Energy Wasting Syndrome Criteria With Body Composition and Mortality in the General and Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease Populations in the United States

Introduction It is unknown whether the criteria used to define protein−energy wasting (PEW) syndrome in dialysis patients reflect protein or energy wasting in the general and moderate CKD populations. Methods In 11,834 participants in the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, individual PEW syndrome criteria and the number of PEW syndrome categories were related to lean body and fat masses (measured by dual-energy absorptiometry) using linear regression in the entire cohort and CKD subpopulation. Results Serum chemistry, body mass, and muscle mass PEW criteria tended to be associated with lower lean body and fat masses, but the low dietary protein and energy intake criteria were associated with significantly higher protein and energy stores. When the number of PEW syndrome categories was defined by nondietary categories alone, there was a monotonic inverse relationship with lean body and fat masses and a strong positive relationship with mortality. In contrast, when dietary category alone was present, mean body mass index was in the obesity range; the additional presence of 2 nondietary categories was associated with lower body mass index and lower lean body and fat masses. Thus, the association of a dietary category plus 2 additional nondietary categories with lower protein or energy stores was driven by the presence of the 2 nondietary categories. Results were similar in CKD subgroup. Discussion Hence, a definition of PEW syndrome without dietary variables has face validity and reflects protein or energy wasting.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy of Brain Tumors

Malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma (GBM) account for more deaths annually than cancer of the kidney or melanoma. Current therapy for GBM consists of surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy, which is limited by toxicity to systemic tissues and surrounding eloquent brain. Despite aggressive therapy, these tumors remain universally fatal; therefore, it is important to develop alternate therapies for this deadly disease. T lymphocytes can be genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) comprised of antibody-T cell receptor hybrids that redirect them to target and destroy cancer cells. Although CAR T cell immunotherapy has shown efficacy in treating hematogenous malignancies, therapies for solid tumors face increased challenges, including suppressive tumor microenvironments, trafficking issues, and identification of safe targets. In this chapter, we discuss the historical development of CAR tumor immunotherapy, preclinical treatments for brain tumors, clinical successes and failures, and current state-of the art ongoing trials for patients with GBM.
State Support in the Market: Women and Tourism Employment in Post-Socialist Bulgaria

In many former Eastern Bloc countries, economic transition has been responsible for drastic declines the social and economic well-being for both men and women. In general, however, women have tended to experience relatively greater losses since 1989. Through a detailed case study of women's employment in the tourism sector of post-Communist Bulgaria, this chapter will argue that state support for certain economic sectors can help improve the relative economic welfare of women. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, this study finds that state support for viable economic sectors with relatively high wages that employ a “critical mass” of women can help to ease the difficult transition from centrally-planned to free-market economies.
Identifying "Hitting Bottom" Among Individuals with Alcohol Problems: Development and Evaluation of the Noteworthy Aspects of Drinking Important to Recovery (NADIR).

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a costly public health concern; yet, many individuals with AUD never receive formal treatment. Prior studies have identified that “hitting bottom” may be an important factor in seeking treatment for AUD) and the notion that “hitting bottom” is necessary for recovery is commonly portrayed in the popular media. Yet, “hitting bottom” has never been formally operationalized. Objectives: The present article aimed to operationalize “hitting bottom.” Methods: A multiphase process was used to develop a measure of hitting bottom among individuals experiencing alcohol problems: The Noteworthy Aspects of Drinking Important to Recovery (NADIR). Psychometric evaluation of the measure was conducted using online data collected from individuals who identified as moderate to heavy drinkers (N = 597). Results: The NADIR included five lower-order dimensions and one higher-order dimension (“hitting bottom”), had strong concurrent validity with measures of alcohol use severity...
Can parents of a child with autism refuse treatment for him

When physician and parents disagree about treatment, a powerful therapeutic alliance between them is the best way to work toward their shared goal of the child’s well-being. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Modifications and for Discovery of Protein Interactions

Mass spectrometry is a tool that has been widely used for investigations of topics in the realm of biophysics. It has been said that, in general, the reach of mass spectrometry’s applications is limited only by an investigator’s ability to imagine novel uses. Biophysically relevant applications range from studies of the thermodynamics of the hydration spheres of isolated small molecules and the characterization of lipid compositions of organ systems to the modeling of interaction surfaces of protein complexes and the representation of the dimensions of very large, multiple protein complexes.
GaAs MATERIAL PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION.

Publisher Summary The rapid progress that GaAs technology has made recently is primarily the result of the availability of round, high-purity substrates obtained from liquid encapsulated Czochralski grown boules. Active layers for most GaAs integrated-circuit applications are currently being formed by direct ion implantation. This chapter reviews GaAs materials preparation with focus on conductive layer formation by direct ion implantation. It discusses those aspects of materials preparation technology that impact ion implanted layer properties, for example, bulk crystal growth, compensation, ion-implanted impurity characteristics, and annealing techniques. The relationship between bulk crystal properties and the resulting ion implanted conductive layer properties are stressed. The chapter discusses characterization techniques that are particularly relevant to evaluation of GaAs substrates for ion implantation and for evaluation of ion implanted annealed layer properties.
A Survey and Analysis of College Students' Understanding of Planet Formation Before Instruction.

Abstract The topic of solar system formation has become essential to the teaching of astrobiology due to the discovery of more than 3700 exoplanets, some orbiting within their host star's habitable...
Convergence Rate of Distributed Subgradient Methods under Communication Delays

Motivated by broad applications in computer science and engineering, we study distributed algorithms for optimization problems over a network of nodes, where the goal is to optimize a global objective composed of a sum of local functions. In this paper, we consider a popular distributed gradient-based consensus algorithm, which only requires local computation and communication. A significant problem in this area is to analyze the convergence rate of such algorithms in the presence of communication delays that are inevitable in distributed systems. Our main contribution is to obtain an upper bound on the rate of convergence of the algorithm as a function of the network size, topology, and the inter-node communication delays.
Extracellular Vesicles for Research on Psychiatric Disorders

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing attention as underexplored intercellular communication mechanisms in basic science and as potential diagnostic tools in translational studies, particularly those related to cancers and neurological disorders. This article summarizes accumulated findings in the basic biology of EVs, EV research methodology, and the roles of EVs in brain cell function and dysfunction, as well as emerging EV studies in human brain disorders. Further research on EVs in neurobiology and psychiatry may open the door to a better understanding of intercellular communications in healthy and diseased brains, and the discovery of novel biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies in psychiatric disorders.
A Strawberry Milkshake.

How do you quell someone's fears about dying, provide comfort, and evaluate their physical state in a span of 180 seconds?
Simplified PAM4 optical signals combined with spatially multiplexed communication systems

Experimental eye diagram of a four-level simplified pulse amplitude modulation scheme is presented along with simulated results. The output is then used with two channel SDM system to generate PAM16 efficiency per fiber.
National Cancer Database report of nonmetastatic esophageal small cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Esophageal small cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a rare malignancy for which there is no consensus management approach. This is the largest known analysis of nonmetastatic ESCC patients to date, evaluating national practice patterns and outcomes of surgical-based therapy vs chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs chemotherapy alone. METHODS The National Cancer Data Base was queried for esophageal cancer patients with histologically confirmed nonmetastatic ESCC. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression ascertained factors associated with receipt of surgical-based management. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated overall survival (OS) and the log-rank test is used to compare OS between groups; Cox univariate and multivariate analyses determined variables associated with OS. RESULTS Altogether, 323 patients were analyzed; 64 (20%) patients underwent surgical-based therapy, 211 (65%) CRT, and 48 (15%) chemotherapy alone. On multivariable analysis, no single factor significantly predicted for administration of surgery. Despite no OS differences between the surgery-based (median OS 21 months) and CRT arms (18 months), both were superior to CT alone (10 months) (P < 0.001). Among other factors, receiving any local therapy independently predicted for higher OS over chemotherapy alone on Cox multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study of a large, contemporary national database demonstrates that most ESCC is treated with CRT in the United States; adding local therapy to systemic therapy may be beneficial to these patients, although individualized multidisciplinary management is still recommended.
La didáctica del arte abstracto: realidad y juego en el aula de ELE

Son por todos conocidas las deficiencias lexicas o gramaticales del alumno extranjero que viene a Espana a estudiar una segunda lengua. A estas deficiencias linguisticas se unen en muchos casos las culturales, mas concretamente la Historia del Arte, disciplina que aparece ofertada en muchos programas.
A master's degree in acoustics through distance education from Penn State

The Graduate Program in Acoustics at Penn State provides online access to graduate level courses leading to the M.Eng. degree in Acoustics. Lectures are broadcast live via Adobe Connect to students scattered around the world, while archived recordings allow working students to access lectures at their convenience. Students earn the M.Eng. in Acoustics degree by completing 30 credits of coursework (six required courses and four electives) and writing a capstone paper. Since 1987, more than 150 distance education students have completed the M.Eng. in Acoustics degree. Many other students take individual courses as non-degree students. Courses offered online include: elements of acoustics and vibration, elements of waves in fluids, electroacoustic transducers, signal processing, acoustics in fluid media, sound and structure interaction, digital signal processing, aerodynamic noise, acoustic measurements and data analysis, ocean acoustics, architectural acoustics, noise control engineering, nonlinear acoustics, outdoor sound propagation, computational acoustics, biomedical ultrasound, flow induced noise, spatial sound and 3D audio, acoustics of musical instruments. This poster describes the distance education experience leading to the M.Eng. degree in Acoustics from Penn State and showcases student demographics, capstone paper topics, enrollment statistics and trends, and the success of our graduates.
Creating the sacred from the profane: Collective effervescence and everyday activities

The current research examines the hypothesis that collective effervescence – the sense of connection and meaning that comes from collective events – is not just useful for understanding rare, unusu...
Sum Rule in γ d → π N N 3 * Reactions

In the $\ensuremath{\gamma}+d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+N+N_{3}^{*}$ reactions, where $N_{3}^{*}$ stands for the 1238-MeV, $I=\frac{3}{2}$, $J=\frac{3}{2}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ resonance, the use of the isoscalar plus isovector interaction leads to the sum rule $R({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}pN_{3}^{*\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{-}3R({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}pN_{3}^{*0})+3R({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}pN_{3}^{*+})=R({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}nN_{3}^{*++})\ensuremath{-}3R({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}nN_{3}^{*+})+3R({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}nN_{3}^{*0}),$ for the various production rates.
It’s a matter of trust: exploring the basis of program directors’ decisions about whether to trust a resident to care for a loved one

There has been increased attention to and emphasis on competency-based medical education and the transformation from highly supervised medical students towards independent, entrustable physicians. We explored how program directors (PDs) justify decisions about whether they would trust finishing Post Graduate Year 1 (PGY1) residents to care for the PD or a loved one. Using an end of year survey with validity evidence, we assessed PDs' responses (Yes, No, Not Sure) and written comments about this entrustment decision for USUHS medical students from graduating classes of 2013-2015 (PGY1). We performed a qualitative inductive content analysis to identify themes in how PDs justified their decisions as well as descriptive statistics and a contingency table analysis to examine associations between trust decisions and election to membership in Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA), or conversely, referral to the Student Promotions Committee (SPC) for remediation. Qualitative analyses revealed five themes related to this trust decision about medical residents: personal, interpersonal, knowledge, competence, and developmental. Neither AOA status, nor SPC referral status was significantly associated with the trust measure, overall, but positive trust decisions were significantly higher among those elected to AOA than in those who were not. Positive trust decisions were significantly associated with AOA status but negative trust decisions were not significantly associated with referral to the SPC. This study offers insights into what attributes may underpin trust decisions by PDs. Our findings suggest that PDs' frequent use of personal and interpersonal characteristics to justify trust decisions contrasts with the use of clinical and knowledge based assessments during undergraduate medical education (UME), and emphasize the importance of critical intrinsic abilities.
DISPARITIES IN THE IMPLANTATION OF MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT FOR CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Implantation of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in cardiogenic shock is increasing, but whether disparities exist in utilization of these technologies is unknown. We analyzed National Inpatient Sample data to identify adult admissions for cardiogenic shock between 2012 and 2016. International
Higher dose weekly fluoxetine in hemodialysis patients: A case series report.

ObjectiveThe antidepressant medication fluoxetine at 90 mg dosed weekly is as effective and safe as standard formulation fluoxetine 20 mg dosed daily in patients with major depressive disorder. Wee...
A Shortest Path Finding Time-Based Accelerator Core With Built-in Gravity Control and Buffer Zone for Smooth 3-D Navigation

A mixed-signal time-based 65-nm application specific integrated circuit is developed for solving shortest-path problems in 3-D. Previous path planning ASICs have been restricted to 2-D maps due to computational complexity or physical architecture limitations. Our time-based, asynchronous, one-shot architecture has been coupled with a novel dual axis interleaving strategy to solve the multidimensional shortest path problem in a simple, energy efficient manner. Additional features include circuit-based solutions for obstacle blockage avoidance and gravity. The efficacy of the proposed ASIC is evaluated on a drone navigation application, 3-D Voronoi diagrams, and a physical optics experiment. The chip is twice as energy efficient as prior 2-D work while containing $5\times $ more vertices and $7.5\times $ additional edge connections.
Assessing Neural Connectivity and Associated Time Delays of Muscle Responses to Continuous Position Perturbations

Both linear and nonlinear electromyographic (EMG) connectivity has been reported during the expression of stretch reflexes, though it is not clear whether they are generated by the same neural pathways. To answer this question, we aim to distinguish linear and nonlinear connectivity, as well as their delays in muscle responses, resulting from continuous elbow joint perturbations. We recorded EMG from Biceps Brachii muscle when eight able-bodied participants were performing a steady elbow flexion torque while simultaneously receiving a continuous position perturbation. Using a recently developed phase coupling metric, we estimated linear and nonlinear connectivity as well as their associated delays between Biceps EMG responses and perturbations. We found that the time delay for linear connectivity (24.5 ± 5.4 ms) is in the range of short-latency stretch reflex period (< 35 ms), while that for nonlinear connectivity (53.8 ± 3.2 ms) is in the range of long-latency stretch reflex period (40-70 ms). These results suggest that the estimated linear connectivity between EMG and perturbations is very likely generated by the mono-synaptic spinal stretch reflex loop, while the nonlinear connectivity may be associated with multi-synaptic supraspinal stretch reflex loops. As such, this study provides new evidence of the nature of neural connectivity related to the stretch reflex.
Comprehensive Optical Strain Sensing Through the Use of Colloidal Quantum Dots

The adaptation of colloidal quantum dots loaded within a polymer for use in nondestructive testing can be used as an optical strain gauge due to the nanomaterial's strain sensing properties. In this paper, we utilized InP/ZnS colloidal quantum dots loaded within a polymer matrix applied onto the surface of a dog-bone foil precoated with an epoxy. By employing an empirical formula and a calibration factor, there is a propinquity between both the calculated optical strain and mechanical stress-strain reference data. Fluctuations are observed, which may be due to both additional strain responses not seen by the mechanical data and quantum dot blinking. These results and methods show the applied use of this novel optical nondestructive testing technique for a variety of structures, especially for structures that operate in harsh environments.
PK-GCN: Prior Knowledge Assisted Image Classification using Graph Convolution Networks

Deep learning has gained great success in various classification tasks. Typically, deep learning models learn underlying features directly from data, and no underlying relationship between classes are included. Similarity between classes can influence the performance of classification. In this article, we propose a method that incorporates class similarity knowledge into convolutional neural networks models using a graph convolution layer. We evaluate our method on two benchmark image datasets: MNIST and CIFAR10, and analyze the results on different data and model sizes. Experimental results show that our model can improve classification accuracy, especially when the amount of available data is small.
Therapeutic hypothermia and cardiac intervention after cardiac arrest in pregnancy with underlying maternal arrhythmia: A case report.

Abstract There are few case reports of utilization of therapeutic hypothermia during pregnancy, and most report successful maternal and fetal outcomes. There is no available evidence that supports withholding therapeutic hypothermia in these patients. There are no long-term data on neonatal outcomes. We report the case of a 28-year-old pregnant patient with long QT syndrome who experienced multiple cardiac arrests during the second trimester and underwent therapeutic hypothermia, cardiac ablation, transvenous pacemaker placement, and placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). She subsequently delivered a viable infant at term. The evidence seems to support the use of hypothermia during pregnancy, but patients should be counseled about the unknown maternal and fetal risks and long-term neonatal outcomes. Decisions to utilize therapeutic hypothermia should be made on an individual basis.
Building Integrated Evaporative Cooling Utilizing Pervious Concrete

This research proposes an integrated building evaporative cooling assembly using pervious concrete acting as a thermally active system. The proof‐of‐concept prototype demonstrates the capacity of t...
Experiential Learning in Victim and Social Service Agencies

Before the mid-twentieth century, victims of crimes were not given much attention except for their serving as witnesses. In the latter part of the century, a movement began to draw attention to the role of the victim in the criminal justice process and to provide rights to the victims of crime. As a result, various state and federal legislation was passed pertaining to providing compensation for those who were affected by physical and sexual abuse, subjected to harassment, or victimized by hate crimes.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of de novo Belatacept-Based Immunosuppression in Lung Transplantation

The development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) after lung transplantation is common and results in adverse outcomes. In kidney transplantation, Belatacept has been associated with a lower incidence of DSA, but experience with Belatacept in lung transplantation is limited. We conducted a 2-center pilot randomized controlled trial of de novo immunosuppression with Belatacept after lung transplantation to assess the feasibility of conducting a pivotal trial. Twenty-seven participants were randomized to Control (Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and prednisone, n = 14) or Belatacept-based immunosuppression (Tacrolimus, Belatacept, and prednisone until day 89 followed by Belatacept, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and prednisone, n = 13). All participants were treated with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin for induction immunosuppression. We permanently stopped randomization and treatment with Belatacept after 3 participants in the Belatacept arm died compared to none in the Control arm. Subsequently, 2 additional participants in the Belatacept arm died for a total of 5 deaths compared to none in the Control arm (log rank p = 0.016). We did not detect a significant difference in DSA development, acute cellular rejection, or infection between the 2 groups. We conclude that this investigational regimen using Belatacept after lung transplantation is associated with significantly increased mortality.
A μ-synthesis-based approach to automate opioid injection in post-surgery patients

This paper presents a robust control design for the automation of opioid injection in post-surgery patients. Most medical devices in today's hospitals interact with each other over a network. However, owing to their complexity, these interconnected devices usually lack a reliable automated control system, and are still manually supervised and controlled by a human caregiver. The risk of human caregiver errors remains high during medical procedures, and often results in unexpected health issues for the patients. Therefore, in the present paper, we attempt to design a robust feedback controller for an analgesia infusion pump. The plant consists of the patient's body connected to an infusion pump actuator. A μ-synthesis-based method is employed in order to design a robust controller to regulate the amount of drug injected into the patient's body, while maintaining the heart rate and blood oxygenation of the patient at a safe level. The controller is designed such that it remains robust to all uncertainties in the patient model that emerge as a result of diversity in the human population. We consider noisy measurements of vital signs in order to show the improvements and reliability of the closed-loop system under practical conditions. Promising results are obtained and discussed at the end of the paper.
Suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible secondary to fracture. Report of a case.

Abstract Osteomyelitis as a complication of mandibular fracture cannot be considered an uncommon entity. The mandible is usually involved with more frequency than the maxilla because of its relatively modest blood supply. The infectious process may leave a relatively large discontinuous defect after resolution, which may require a bone graft to space the void. However, conservative management with patience and surgical restraint will usually give the best results with the least amount of deformity. After a consideration of academic principles and a historical review of treatment, a case is presented in which conservative management resulted in complete healing, with osseous union across a discontinuous bony defect. The total treatment time was not unduly prolonged, and the patient was spared a grafting procedure.
Evolution and the neuroscience curriculum: a call to action.

The evolution-creation debate continues to evoke passionate arguments as the competing epistemological systems of theology and science clash. Recent legal challenges in Dover, PA and renewed attempts to insert some form of creationism into the Kansas curriculum are representative of current events. In Dover, the school board voted to add an Intelligent Design (ID) component to the curriculum and was taken to court by concerned parents. Prior to the court decision, Dover citizens spoke by voting out of office all those school board members who voted to include ID in the classroom. The court concurred with the citizens, and concluded that the school board had attempted to violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution by inserting a religious position into the classroom. The judge went a step further and expressed his disapproval of the disingenuous behavior by the school board members: “The citizens of the Dover area were poorly served by the members of the Board who voted for the ID Policy. It is ironic that several of these individuals, who so staunchly and proudly touted their religious convictions in public, would time and again lie to cover their tracks and disguise the real purpose behind ID Policy” (Judge John E. Jones III, 2005).
Tecto-dendrimers: a study of covalently bound nanospheres

We present a computational and theoretical study of the size, shape, and solution properties of tecto-dendrimers. This class of polymer, composed of a central dendrimer with multiple dendrimers attached at its periphery, holds promise for multi-drug delivery and environmental remediation applications. We find (i) that the maximum number of tecto-units that may be attached to the central core varies logarightmically with the ratio of the sizes of the dendrimers, (ii) that their density profiles display a minimum near the junction of the tecto-units with the core, (iii) that a simple expression captures their radius of gyration, (iv) that their intrinsic viscosity will display a maximum as a function of the number of tecto-units attached, and (v) that their sphericity increases with increasing number of attached tecto-units. These results should bear upon both the synthesis and application of these materials.
Social Determinants and Land Use Correlates of Agricultural Technology Adoption in a Forest Frontier: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon

Despite new research on agricultural intensification, we still have limited knowledge of the determinants of technology adoption in low-density, limitedmarket regions, particularly in humid tropical forests. This lacuna has led to divergent opinions about the impacts of intensification on land use in the Brazilian Amazon, well-known for deforestation of fragile tropical ecosystems. This paper takes up the case of the Amazon to address two questions concerning the adoption of agricultural technologies: 1) what are its social determinants, and 2) what are its land use correlates. Empirical data come from a recent survey of smallholders along the Transamazon highway. The first part of the analysis, consisting of models of eight agricultural technologies, shows that households with more labor and capital are more likely to adopt technologies. The second part shows that for all technologies, adopters have more land cleared than do non-adopters. These findings raise questions for further research on intensification while also suggesting policy prescriptions to mitigate deforestation.
Practice Evaluation Strategies Among Clinical Social Workers: New Directions in Practice Research

Objectives:Practice evaluation strategies range in style from the formal-analytic tools of single-subject designs, rapid assessment instruments, algorithmic steps in evidence-based practice, and co...