cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near-Field Probing Surface Plasmon Enhancement Effect on Two-Photon Emission

A photon scanning tunneling microscope is employed to probe the surface-plasmon-induced local field enhancement effect on two-photon fluorescence from organic nanoparticles adsorbed on silver surface. A size dependence of fluorescence enhancement and photodecomposition is observed, which results from the competition between the surface-plasmon-enhanced two-photon fluorescence and the nonradiative energy transfer from the excited dye molecules to the silver surface.
Population geography II: Mortality, premature death, and the ordering of life

The geographic study of mortality is enjoying a renaissance. This is indicated by the growing number of studies on necropolitics, thanatopolitics, ‘deathscapes’, and the inequalities of premature d...
Bonding Properties of the Water Dimer: A Comparative Study of Density Functional Theories

For a variety of density functional theories, we examined the ground-state properties of the water monomer (geometry, vibrational frequencies, dipole moment, polarizability) and dimer (geometry, vibrational frequencies, bond energy, and barrier heights for the transition states for the interchange of hydrogen atoms within the dimer). Thus, we considered LDA (SVWN), seven pure GGA methods (BLYP, BP86, BPW91, PWPW, mPWPW, PBEPBE, and XLYP), and eight hybrid GGA methods (BH&HLYP, B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, PW1PW, mPW1PW, PBE1PBE and X3LYP). We find that the best overall performance is given by X3LYP, a hybrid method using a modified GGA constructed from a linear combination of the Becke and Perdew GGAs. Comparing with the exact values, the errors in X3LYP for the water dimer are 0.05 kcal/mol (bond energy), 0.004 A (bond distance), and 12 cm^(-1) (vibrational modes), and for the monomer, the errors are 0.002 A (bond distance), 0.6° (bond angle), 14 cm^(-1) (vibrational modes), 0.005 D (dipole moment), and 0.008 A^3 (polarizability). These data were not used in determining the parameters or form of X3LYP, suggesting that X3LYP should be generally useful for predicting accurate properties for systems dominated by hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, and van der Waals (dispersion) interactions, such as ligand/protein complexes.
An Approximate Derivation for Stereoscopic Vectorcardiograms with the Equilateral Tetrahedron

A simple electrode arrangement, which permits the derivation of stereoscopic projections of the spatial vectorcardiogram, eliminates the need for constructing models. The visual impression obtained from this method agrees satisfactorily with that from carefully constructed models.
Effect of fuming nitric acid surface treatment of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fibers on the mechanical properties of their composites

The effect of hot fuming nitric acid (FNA) treatment on the adhesion of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fabrics to an epoxy resin has been investigated. Mechanical and molecular characterization of the interface has been attempted. Fourier transform infrared diffuse transmittance spectroscopy has been used to monitor the chemical changes introduced by the FNA treatment as well as the nature of the interface between the fibers and the epoxy resin on the molecular level. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to examine the morphological consequences of the FNA treatment. Flexural and interlaminar shear properties of the composites have been measured as a function of the extent of surface treatment. Esterification of the FNA treated polyethylene fibers is used to examine the role of surface functionality to the mechanical performance.
Effect of eye removal on N-acetylaspartylglutamate immunoreactivity in retinal targets of the cat.

Abstract The endogenous brain dipeptide N -acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) has previously been demonstrated in the somata of retinal ganglion cells and the neurophil of retinal targets. In this paper we report that the NAAG immunoreactivity of the neuropil in the retinal targets is dependent on an intact optic pathway. Removal of one eye produced a marked decrease in the staining of the neurophil in layer A of the contralateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and layer A1 of the ipsilateral LGN. There was also decreased staining in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus contralateral to the removal. These results suggest that NAAG is present in the terminals of retinal ganglion cells and is consistent with a role for NAAG in visual synaptic transmission.
Measurement metrics at aggregate levels of analysis: Implications for organization culture research and the GLOBE project

Abstract We propose that scholars who are interested in group, organizational, or societal constructs should consider three approaches to designing aggregate measures. The typical approach to aggregate measure design in organization studies is to create measures based on individual-level metric structures, then evaluate whether the individual level measures can be aggregated. We propose that the field continue to use this approach for fundamentally individual-level constructs, but to also make greater use of two alternative approaches that are now only occasionally used. One approach used in cross-cultural research is to aggregate items to the target level, then evaluate measurement structure based on the relationships among items at the target level. Another approach is to aggregate individual-level scales to the target level, then evaluate measure characteristics based on the relationships among scales at the target level. We also recommend that constructing measures based on relationships among items or among scales at aggregate levels offers an approach to studying organizational culture that is distinct from organizational climate. We apply the distinctions between different approaches to aggregate measure design to a recent Leadership Quarterly article and to the GLOBE project on which that article is based.
Models, methods and middleware for grid-enabled multiphysics oil reservoir management

Meeting the demands for energy entails a better understanding and characterization of the fundamental processes of reservoirs and of how human made objects affect these systems. The need to perform extensive reservoir studies for either uncertainty assessment or optimal exploitation plans brings up demands of computing power and data management in a more pervasive way. This work focuses on high performance numerical methods, tools and grid-enabled middleware systems for scalable and data-driven computations for multiphysics simulation and decision-making processes in integrated multiphase flow applications. The proposed suite of tools and systems consists of (1) a scalable reservoir simulator, (2) novel stochastic optimization algorithms, (3) decentralized autonomic grid middleware tools, and (4) middleware systems for large-scale data storage, querying, and retrieval. The aforementioned components offer enormous potential for performing data-driven studies and efficient execution of complex, large-scale reservoir models in a collaborative environment.
Biased diffusion of two species

Abstract A stochastic lattice gas with equal numbers of oppositely “charged” particles, diffusing under the influence of a uniform external “electric” field and the excluded volume condition, exhibits an order-disorder phase transition, controlled by particle density and field strength. Ordered configurations are spatially inhomogeneous, allowing for both zero and nontrivial winding numbers around toroidal lattices with periodic boundary conditions. We explore the transition and the structure of the ordered state, using both simulational and analytic tools.
Isolation and characterization of the membrane-bound cytochrome c-554 from the thermophilic green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus

The membrane-bound photooxidizable cytochrome c-554 from Chloroflexus aurantiacus has been purified. The purified protein runs as a single heme staining band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 43 000 daltons. An extinction coefficient of 28 ± 1 mM−1 cm−1 per heme at 554 nm was found for the dithionite-reduced protein. The potentiometric titration of the hemes takes place over an extended range, showing clearly that the protein does not contain a single heme in a well-defined site. The titration can be fit to a Nernst curve with midpoint potentials at 0, +120, +220 and +300 mV vs the standard hydrogen electrode. Pyridine hemochrome analysis combined with a Lowry protein assay and the SDS-PAGE molecular weight indicates that there are a minimum of three, and probably four hemes per peptide. Amino acid analysis shows 5 histidine residues and 29% hydrophobic residues in the protein. This cytochrome appears to be functionally similar to the bound cytochrome from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Both cytochrome c-554 from C. aurantiacus and the four-heme cytochrome c-558-553 from R. viridis appear to act as direct electron donors to the special bacteriochlorophyll pair of the photosynthetic reaction center. They have a similar content of hydrophobic amino acids, but differ in isoelectric point, thermodynamic characteristics, spectral properties, and in their ability to be photooxidized at low temperature.
Effects of progesterone and nesting materials on response prevention and extinction of avoidance in rats

Abstract Female rats received either progesterone or saline injections prior to learning a simple one-way avoidance response. During a 10-min response prevention procedure half of the animals in each group had nesting material present while the remaining rats did not. The availability of nesting material during response prevention hastened extinction while progesterone injections significantly increased the frequency of nesting activities during response prevention but did not affect rate of extinction. The availability of nesting materials increased the frequency of standing but reduced the frequency of crouching. The results were discussed in terms of the role of ethological displacement activities during response prevention as well as the role of ‘relaxational’ activities as discussed by Baum and Denny.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THORIUM AND URANIUM IN A PENNSYLVANIAN WEATHERING PROFILE

Abstract Eleven samples representing a pre-Pennsylvanian weathering profile on the Boulder Creek granodiorite near Boulder, Colorado, have been analysed for thorium and uranium by γ-ray spectrometric and chemical methods. In an effort to determine the possible sites of thorium and uranium in these samples, a study of their leachability in hot 2 N hydrochloric acid was undertaken. The fresh granodiorite was found to contain 9·3 p.p.m. thorium and 2·5 p.p.m. uranium. The first stages of weathering resulted in an apparent removal of 25 per cent of the thorium and 60 per cent of the uranium present in the original granodiorite. The leaching study of the fresh granodiorite demonstrated that as much as 90 per cent of the thorium and 60 per cent of the uranium could be removed by an acid leach solution. This seems to indicate that most of the thorium and uranium in the fresh rock is situated in acid soluble minerals or in interstitial materials. After the initial drop of the concentration in the lowest part of the weathered mantle, the total uranium and thorium content of the weathered rock increases by a factor of at least 4 in the uppermost, most-weathered rock material. Leaching studies of the weathered rock indicate that uranium is present largely in the primary resistates, such as zircon, xenotime, and apatite, and thorium occurs mainly in or on clays or in the secondary resistates—minerals formed during weathering.
What roles for ruins? Meaning and narrative of industrial ruins in contemporary parks

This article is concerned with the notion that parks containing industrial ruins possess an emotional attraction that can depoliticize historical narratives. How can we design parks containing industrial ruins that reveal the multiplicities of history? In order to pursue this question, the article examines the literature to outline the relationships between the historical meanings of traditional ruins in landscape design and the contemporary emotional appeal of industrial ruins. The article also examines the relationship between cultural perceptions of industry, its ruins, and parks containing industrial ruins. The findings show that each of these three conditions (industry, industrial ruin, and park containing industrial ruins) are perceived differently, but all share the roles of icons, emotional objects, settings, workplaces, environmental agents and characters in cultural life. The article concludes with a guide for designers to assist in the creation of more complex narratives than are found in the c...
Property Reduction in Chemistry

: By taking molecules and atoms as models for wholes and parts, I explore the relation between the atomic and molecular properties in this article. Molecular properties do not reduce to atomic properties in the sense the former cannot be obtained by adding or multiplying the latter. However, quantum states of molecules are obtained from the quantum states of atoms by addition and multiplication. Because molecular properties are calculated reliably from the atomic states in quantum theory, it may be claimed that property reduction has been accomplished successfully. I show that such reduction entails underlying holism.
THE SELECTION OF POLICIES FOR BALLOT INITIATIVES: WHAT VOTERS CAN LEARN FROM LEGISLATIVE INACTION

This paper models the process through which proposals are placed on the ballot as initiatives. Importantly, proposals that reach the ballot were not enacted by the legislature. We show that this fact has important consequences for the type of policy proposals that reach the ballot: as the legislature would enact any proposal that increases everyone's utility (in expectation), proposals that reach the ballot must be bad for some segment of the population. We partition the population into voters who would benefit from a group's proposal and those who would not and show that voters can use the legislature's inaction to obtain a better estimate of the initiative's expected value. In particular, we show that voters that are not in the sponsoring group infer that proposals that become initiatives have negative expected value and that the expected value of an initiative is decreasing in the size of the group that sponsors it.
5-Methyl deoxycytidine content of DNA from bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

The 5-methyl deoxycytidine (m5-dCyd) content of DNA from bluegill sunfish chronically exposed to benzo[a]pyrene at a concentration of 1 μg/L in their water for a period of 40 d was quantified by cation exchange chromatography. Hypomethylation, as measured by the loss of m5-dCyd from the DNA, occurred shortly after benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and continued even upon termination of exposure conditions. The onset and persistence of hypomethylation was found to be correlated with other types of DNA-damaging events such as strand breaks and DNA adduct formation. These observations suggest that changes in DNA integrity, including hypomethylation, are indicative of a biological response to genotoxic agents.
Effect of short-term versus prolonged freezing on freeze–thaw injury and post-thaw recovery in spinach: Importance in laboratory freeze–thaw protocols

Abstract ‘Duration of freezing’ at a given treatment temperature can significantly influence the laboratory evaluation of plant freeze–thaw stress tolerance (FTST) by potentially affecting the extent of freeze–thaw injury and, therefore, also the ability of post-thaw recovery. The objective of this study was to compare the extent of freeze–thaw injury, estimated by various physiological indicators [electrolyte leakage, photosystem II efficiency ( F v / F m ), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (O 2 − and H 2 O 2 ), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation], in the leaves of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) when exposed for various durations (0.5, 3.0, 5.5, and 10.5 h) of freezing. Leaf LT 50 was first determined (approximately −5.5 °C) and two sub-lethal temperatures, −4.0 and −4.5 °C, were selected as the freezing stress. The ability of post-thaw recovery was compared in leaves stressed for shorter versus longer durations at −4.5 °C. All measurements indicated that injury progressively increased with longer freezing durations. While no injury was observed (based on the electrolyte leakage) at −4 °C for 0.5 h, tissues were ∼50% injured by the same temperature when frozen for 10.5 h. Moreover, −4.5 °C stress appears as sub-lethal at 3 h of freezing (∼30% injury), but, injury doubled (and exceeded the LT 50 threshold) after additional 2.5 h at this temperature. Finally, leaves were identically injured to a recoverable point (∼30% injury) when frozen for 3 h at either −4 °C or −4.5 °C while 5.5 h of freezing at −4.5 °C caused irreversible injury but no change for −4.0 °C. Our results and corresponding discussion highlight the importance of considering ‘duration of freezing’ as one of the factors for objective interpretation of FTST/LT 50 data derived from artificial freeze–thaw tests.
Physical and sensory characteristics of low-fat fresh pork sausage processed with various levels of added water.

The acceptability of low-fat pork sausage, formulated by replacing fat with added water, was studied. Six sausage blends, consisting of three fat levels (15, 25 and 35%) and two levels of added water (3 and 13%) were stratified across two packaging treatments, chubpacks or mechanically formed patties. Increased amounts of added water in low-fat sausage resulted in cooking losses, color and textural characteristics similar to control sausage. Sensory panel ratings did not differ between sausage formulated to contain 35% fat (3% added water) and those containing 15% fat. Acceptable lower fat pork sausage may be produced with 15% fat if water is used for the replacement of fat.
Particle Generation by Solid-Lubricated Bearings and Ball Screws in Vacuum Environments©

Rolling bearings used for transporting wafers and liquid crystals in the film-forming process of semiconductor and LC panel manufacturing are required to minimize the particles (originating from both lubricant and bearing material) they generate while in operation. The research reported in this paper focuses on the particle generation under different rotational conditions of ball bearings and ball screws coated with various solid lubricants and operating in a vacuum environment. The results of the tests indicated that a specially composed and applied polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating was superior in minimizing particle generation by ball bearings and ball screws. Observation of the bearing interior surfaces indicated that particle generation is primarily caused by wear of cage-pocket surfaces, while sudden and large increases in wear are the result of the balls making direct surface-to-surface contact with the raceways and cages due to erosion of the solid lubricant coatings. Presented at the 53rd An...
“CPS is not a housing agency”; Housing is a CPS problem: Towards a definition and typology of housing problems in child welfare cases

Abstract Despite claims that child protective services are not designated as housing agencies, many child welfare-involved families face housing challenges that may be considered a risk to the health and safety of children. This article is based on interviews with judges, lawyers and social workers (N = 18) in a city in the Northeastern U.S. Participants were selected from a variety of child welfare constituencies, including parents, children, and the state. They provided grounded understanding of when and how housing concerns arise in their cases. Findings suggest the need for a definition of housing problems that encompass a broader range of housing difficulties and include cases where housing problems may be obscured by other problems. A typology is developed categorizing housing problems as precipitating or complicating, derived from when and how they present. Both types may also remain a final hurdle to reunification of families who have been separated. Changes are recommended at the “street level” and at the policy level, including the expansion existing definitions of housing problems as a gateway to resources; providing child welfare professionals with better knowledge of housing problems and flexibility in addressing them and assessing their impact on families; and the collection, analysis and dissemination of more comprehensive housing data.
Pathology of Whitewater Arroyo viral infection in the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula)

The white-throated woodrat is a principal host of Whitewater Arroyo (WWA) virus, an arenavirus, in the western United States. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pathology of WWA infection in this species. Twenty-one animals (eight newborn, seven juvenile, and six adult) were inoculated with WWA virus and killed at varying intervals after inoculation. The most striking histological findings were lymphocytic meningitis and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing in the brains of the animals killed on day 85, 113 or 121. Arenaviral antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the brain of each affected animal, suggesting that the inflammatory lesions in the brain were caused by WWA virus. Comparisons of the results of tests for infectious virus and antigen in brain and other solid tissues indicated that immunohistochemistry may be a useful method for detection of WWA viral antigen in post-mortem specimens.
Boosting CITES through research.

In their Policy Forum “Boosting CITES” (24 December 2010, p. [1752][1]), J. Phelps et al. propose improvements to the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). Most of their recommendations would involve the negotiation of cross-Party agreements and procurement of additional financial resources, both of which are likely to delay or prevent their implementation. We suggest a more straightforward improvement to CITES implementation: Scientists should consider choosing CITES-listed taxa as model taxa for their research. At a workshop in 2008, more than 100 scientists and regulators compiled 60 case studies covering a wide range of CITES-listed taxa. The group outlined how information on the biology, harvesting, and management could be used to determine whether international trade in CITES-listed taxa is detrimental to their survival in the wild. Most of those case studies (78%) mentioned that more basic information on the biology of the taxa in the wild (including taxonomy, biology, and ecology) would improve their ability to make this determination ([ 1 ][2]). A lot of scientific research is done on species that are chosen out of convenience. We recommend that, all else being equal, scientists coordinate with national scientific authorities, local communities, and commercial traders to work on CITES-listed taxa instead. Such research could directly address sustainable exploitation practices or could simply aim to generate relevant information as a by-product (for example, by generating additional information on the basic taxonomy, biology, and ecology of taxa). Either way, those implementing CITES would benefit from the additional information and scientists would achieve additional impact from their research. 1. [↵][3] 1. M. J. Smith 2. et al ., Biol. Conserv. 144, 82 (2011). [OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5][Web of Science][6] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1195558 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBiol.%2BConserv.%26rft.volume%253D144%26rft.spage%253D82%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.biocon.2010.10.018%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.018&link_type=DOI [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000287168100008&link_type=ISI
State dependence and trait stability of perfectionism: A short-term longitudinal study.

The authors examined state dependency on depression, trait stability, and state-trait characteristics of perfectionism in a short-term longitudinal study of university students. Relative stability of perfectionism was assessed with test-retest correlations across 3 time points, and results showed higher rank order and relative stability for perfectionism scores compared with depression scores. Regression and path analyses to disentangle directions of effects revealed that initial maladaptive perfectionism scores remained robust predictors of later perfectionism scores, even after the authors controlled for prior and concurrent depression and other dimensions of perfectionism. Perfectionism proved to be quite stable and was a significant predictor of later depression. Perfectionism was also not meaningfully altered by state changes in depression. The overall findings indicate that perfectionism appears to have substantial relative stability, and perfectionistic discrepancy in particular is a clear vulnerability factor for depression.
Dietary and Feeding Differences Between Sympatric Propithecus diadema diadema and Indri indri

We analyzed the dietary profiles and feeding behaviors of Propithecus diadema diadema and Indri indri in a community of animals that reside in midaltitude rain forest within Madagascar's Mantadia National Park. Propithecus diadema diadema ate a diverse mixture of fruits, seeds, flowers and young leaves, while the bulk of the diet of Indri indri consisted of young leaves, which resulted in significantly higher levels of fat and water-soluble carbohydrates in foods eaten by Propithecus diadema diadema. Fiber values of items eaten are high (54% NDF) for both species, though not significantly different between them. The preference for immature foliage by Indri indri suggests that their overall intake of fiber is greater than that of Propithecus diadema diadema, which had a high proportion of non-leaf material in their diet. We propose that differences in gut morphology between the two indriids contribute to their disparate diets. Levels of secondary compounds were high in certain food items, but overall they are also not significantly different between the two indriid diets. Propithecus diadema diadema exhibited a strong preference for 2 alkaloid-containing seed species, while no food of Indri indri contained alkaloids. In addition, Propithecus diadema diadema consumed a higher diversity of plant species on a daily/yearly basis, exhibited more feeding bouts on a daily basis, and their feeding bouts (on young leaves, fruit and flowers) are significantly shorter in duration than those of Indri indri. Furthermore, Propithecus diadema diadema had twice the number of geophagic episodes of Indri indri.
Rectal prolapse in the mentally retarded.

A series of 25 cases of complete rectal prolapse, treated at a hospital for the mentally retarded over a 7-year period, has been presented. Since the patient population of this hospital is but 3,000, it seems reasonable to assume that the incidence of complete rectal prolapse among these patients is high. The causative factors of complete rectal prolapse—both congenital and developmental — have been discussed. Among these patients the developmental factors seem to play a major role. The tremendous variation in methods of operative treatment for this condition has been discussed. Perineal rectosigmoid amputation has yielded the poorest results and the most serious complications. Far superior results have been obtained when the defect in the musculofascial pelvic diaphragm could be closed adequately and the rectum fixed in its normal posterior position in the sacral curve. Of 11 operations performed by way of the abdominal approach, using either the Graham or Pemberton procedures, there was but a single recurrence. The only postoperative death occurred after a third operation (Graham procedure) required by recurrences after perineal amputation and a Pemberton type of fixation procedure.
Factors Influencing Agonist Potency and Selectivity for the Opioid δ Receptor Are Revealed in Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of the 4-[(N-Substituted-4-piperidinyl)arylamino]-N,N-diethylbenzamides

A study of the effect of transposition of the internal nitrogen atom for the adjacent benzylic carbon atom in δ-selective agonists such as BW373U86 (1) and SNC-80 (2) has been undertaken. It was shown that high-affinity, fully efficacious, and δ opioid receptor-selective compounds can be obtained from this transposition. In addition to the N,N-diethylamido group needed as the δ address, the structural features identified to promote δ receptor affinity in the set of compounds studied included a cis relative stereochemistry between the 3- and 4-substituents in the piperidine ring, a trans-crotyl or allyl substituent on the basic nitrogen, the lack of a 2-methyl group in the piperidine ring, and either no substitution or hydroxyl substitution in the aryl ring not substituted with the N,N-diethylamido group. Structural features found to be important for μ affinity include hydroxyl substitution in the aryl ring, the presence of a 2-methyl group in a cis relative relationship to the 4-amino group as well as N-s...
Effects of nitrogen mustard during the cell cycle of the ehrlich ascites tumor

Abstract Varying dosages of nitrogen mustard were administered to DBA/2J mice with the Ehrlich ascites tumor in a study that combined an examination of the mitotic index, wave of labeled mitoses, percent labeling of interphase tumor cells and Feulgen microspectrophotometry of labeled and unlabeled tumor cells. The results indicated a variable sensitivity of ELD ascites cells to nitrogen mustard depending on dosage of inhibitor and position of the tumor cells in the cell division cycle. A major biological result of nitrogen mustard was independent of DNA replication.
Habitat preferences of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in the Bolivian Andes

Habitat preferences of the Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus were studied within two adjacent protected areas in the north-western Bolivian Andes. Standard transects measuring habitat variables and bear sign frequency were used spanning seven different vegetation types. Andean bears were present at 28 of 33 sampled sites and actively preferred high-elevation elfin forest and upper montane humid forests, and used high-elevation humid ‘paramo’ grasslands and middle montane humid forests according to their availability. Bears were absent from dry montane and Andean foothill forests and relative abundance was low in lower montane humid forests. Elevation and basal area of food items were the variables most closely related to the relative abundance.
Imaging of the Subtalar Joint

Imaging of the subtalar joint can be challenging because of its complex planar anatomy. This article reviews the anatomy and common anatomic variants as seen with different imaging techniques. Although radiography remains the initial mode of imaging, computed tomography and MRI are frequently needed to better delineate the joint anatomy and improve the sensitivity and the specificity of detection of joint pathology. A short review of arthrographic techniques and various examples of imaging of common pathology involving this joint are also included.
Vindication of prenatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with low-dose dexamethasone.

In September 2010, federal regulators concluded that the research on which I have been working studying the prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was conducted within regulator...
A Novel Deterministic Sampling Scheme with Applications to Broadcast-Efficient Sorting on the Reconfigurable Mesh

The main contribution of this work is to present a simple deterministic sampling strategy that, when used for bucket sorting, yields buckets that are remarkably well balanced, making costly balancing unnecessary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of a deterministic sampling strategy featuring this performance. Although the strategy is perfectly general, we illustrate its power by devising a VLSI-optimal,O(1) time sorting algorithm for the reconfigurable mesh. As a by-product of the inherent simplicity of our sampling and bucketing scheme, we show that our sorting algorithm can be implemented using only 35 broadcast operations, a substantial improvement over the previously best known algorithm that requires 59 broadcasts.
Partial Answers to Persistent Problems

Abstract In responding to the other participants in the Symposium on Plato's Philosophers I attempt to clarify the reasons for, and the results of, my attempt to bring out the interrelations among the dialogues in order to determine what Plato thought. Recognizing that the indications of the dramatic dates of some the dialogues are controversial, I argue that the dates point to an over-arching narrative–the story of the rise, development, and limitations of Socratic philosophy. Plato uses his other philosophers—the Athenian Stranger, Parmenides, Timaeus, and the Eleatic Stranger—to bring out the problems that gave rise to Socratic philosophy and the limitations of his responses. Plato makes Socrates his “hero,” because Socrates provides the best account of the human beings who engage in the search for wisdom. By contrasting him with the other philosophers, Plato dramatizes the insoluble problems that make philosophy always a search for wisdom.
Protein synthesis in the cell nucleus.

THERE is considerable evidence that the cytoplasm of the cell contains structures capable of carrying out protein synthesis1, and it has been shown in one case2 that formation of protein may be little affected by removal of the nucleus. These findings seem to exclude the appealing hypothesis that the nucleus is the source of the cell's proteins. It does not follow, however, that the nucleus is incapable of protein synthesis; and in fact there has been some evidence3 that proteins may be formed in the nucleus. The results described below seem to demonstrate unequivocally the existence of protein synthetic mechanisms that are associated with the nucleus.
SYNTHESIS OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS (IAV) AND ENDOGENOUS PROTEINS IN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMNLs)

PMNLs are well differentiated cells and are thought to have very little biosynthetic activity, however a few studies have shown that PMNLs can produce proteins when exposed to exogenous stimuli. Previous reports have also indicated that infection of PMNLs with IAV causes depression of metabolic and chemotactic responses, but the effect PMNLs have on the lifecycle of IAV has not been well defined. The present study was done to determine whether IAV can produce proteins and replicate within PMNLs. Early stages of virus-PMNL interaction were examined using binding assays with radiolabeled IAV and electron microscopy. Individual virus particles were taken up in coated pits and by 20 min were noted to be in endocytic vacuoles. Newly synthesized proteins were detected within PMNLs by incubating PMNLs with virus or buffer for 6 hours, labeling the PMNLs with 35S-methionine for an additional hour, and analyzing the cell lysates by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Host proteins were produced by buffer-treated PMNLs and both host and virus specific proteins were produced by IAV-Infected PMNLs. Studies using immunofluorescent techniques combined with flow cytometry confirmed that newly synthesized viral antigens were produced by virus-infected PMNLs. Plaque assays on supernatant fluid from IAV-infected PMNLs showed that infectious progeny were not produced. These data indicate that protein production occurs in both unstimulated and IAV infected PMNLs and that IAV infection of PMNLs is abortive.
Multi-layer coils for efficient Transcutaneous Power Transfer

TETS (Transcutaneous Energy Transfer System) has been successfully used for powering medical implants for different purposes such as for neural recordings and drug delivery. Yet, due to their low power transfer efficiency, these devices can cause unacceptable increase in skin temperature limiting their scalability to high power levels. Although, the efficiency of these systems can be improved by increasing coil diameter, in many cases this is not practical due to strict physical constraints on the coil diameter. In this paper, we investigate using multi-layer coils as secondary coils in the TETS to increase the power transfer efficiency, and thus allowing the delivery of the desired power safely for a longer period. Our experiments show a 5× increase in the duration of safe power delivery (not increasing the skin temperature more than 2 C) using multi-layer coils as the secondary coil compared to using single-layer coils even when there is a 50% misalignment in between primary and secondary coils. This increase in duration of safe power transfer is shown to be over 16× more when the coils are aligned. The improvement in the duration of safe power transfer is achieved without increasing the coil diameter and with a coil thickness of 2 mm.
Functionalized liposome purification via Liposome Extruder Purification (LEP)

Liposome Extruder Purification (LEP) allows for the rapid purification of diverse liposome formulations using the same extrusion apparatus employed during liposome formation. The LEP process provides a means for purifying functionalized liposomes from non-conjugated drug or protein contaminants with >93% liposome recovery and >93% contaminant removal in a single step.
Catastrophic Budget Failure

Continuation of current U.S. fi scal policy will lead to an enormous accumulation of debt with potentially disastrous economic consequences. Exacerbated by the recent economic turmoil and fueled by the willingness of creditors to lend at very low interest rates, there is signifi cant risk that necessary fi scal reform will be put off. In this paper, we consider the causes, mechanisms, and macroeconomic fallout of a catastrophic budget failure — a situation in which markets’ perception of the credit worthiness of the U.S. government rapidly deteriorates, leaving it unable to access credit markets at any reasonable rate of interest and generating a high probability of the previously unthinkable: the U.S. government defaulting on its debt obligations.
Analysis of VSC system designed via the reaching law approach

Variable structure control (VSC) has been recognized as a powerful control technique capable of providing robustness control with respect to system parameter variations and external disturbances. However, there is a lack of a design method for a practical VSC system, beginning with the given system performance specification and ending at the specification of instrumentation requirements. This paper involves the exploration and development of a practical design procedure for VSC systems. Simulation results are given to study the effect of the VSC parameters on the system performance.
Structure of the human gene encoding the protein repair L-isoaspartyl (D-aspartyl) O-methyltransferase.

Abstract The protein L -isoaspartyl/ D -aspartylO-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.77) catalyzes the first step in the repair of proteins damaged in the aging process by isomerization or racemization reactions at aspartyl and asparaginyl residues. A single gene has been localized to human chromosome 6 and multiple transcripts arising through alternative splicing have been identified. Restriction enzyme mapping, subcloning, and DNA sequence analysis of three overlapping clones from a human genomic library in bacteriophage P1 indicate that the gene spans approximately 60 kb and is composed of 8 exons interrupted by 7 introns. Analysis of intron/exon splice junctions reveals that all of the donor and acceptor splice sites are in agreement with the mammalian consensus splicing sequence. Determination of transcription initiation sites by primer extension analysis of poly(A)+mRNA from human brain identifies multiple start sites, with a major site 159 nucleotides upstream from the ATG start codon. Sequence analysis of the 5′-untranslated region demonstrates several potentialcis-acting DNA elements including SP1, ETF, AP1, AP2, ARE, XRE, CREB, MED-1, and half-palindromic ERE motifs. The promoter of this methyltransferase gene lacks an identifiable TATA box but is characterized by a CpG island which begins approximately 723 nucleotides upstream of the major transcriptional start site and extends through exon 1 and into the first intron. These features are characteristic of housekeeping genes and are consistent with the wide tissue distribution observed for this methyltransferase activity.
Inhibition of the Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis toxin by dissolved tannins

The mortality of Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae treated with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. israelensis was reduced by tannic acid at concentrations as low as 0.25 mM (425 mg/liter). The LC50's for B. thuringiensis var. israelensis treatments were 45 ng/ml in deionized water and 233 ng/ml in 1.5 mM tannic acid. Compared with exposure of the test larvae to the bacteria immediately upon its addition to the tannic acid, soaking the bacteria in tannic acid for 48 h before the exposure of the test insects resulted in a significantly lower LC50 value of 140 ng/ml and steeper log-probit regression slope. Although tannic acid lowers the gut pH of A. aegypti larvae, it is evident from the retention of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis toxicity after gut acidification in solutions of citric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acid that this change did not mitigate the toxin's activity. Mortality of larvae exposed in leaf infusions or water collected from outdoor mosquito breeding sites was inversely correlated with the concentration of total phenolic compounds. The presence of tannins in mosquito breeding sites may require higher application rates for B. thuringiensis var. israelensis when used by mosquito abatement personnel as a larvicide.
MEDLINE: The Options for Health Professionals

The bibliographic database MEDLINE, produced by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), is a computerized index to the world's biomedical literature. The database can be searched back to 1966 and contains 6.8 million records. The various means of access are divided, for the purposes of this article, into three categories: logging onto a remote host computer by telephone and modem or by the Internet; subscribing to part or all of the database on compact disc (CD-ROM); and leasing the data on a transport medium such as magnetic tape or CDs for loading on a local host computer. Decisions about which method is preferable in a given situation depend on cost, availability of hardware and software, local expertise, and the size of the intended user population. Trends include increased access to the Internet by health professionals, increased network speed, links from MEDLINE records to full-text databases or online journals, and integration of MEDLINE into wider health information systems.
Light emission phenomena in superconducting niobium cavities

During the investigation of field emission limitations of superconducting niobium cavities, a CCD camera was inserted at the end of the beam pipe on a single-cell 1500 MHz cavity. When operating the cavity in field emission, glowing filaments of light were observed trapped by RF fields in closed-orbit trajectories. These filaments were traveling at frequencies much lower than the oscillating RF fields and formed various patterns of light for up to several seconds. This experiment was then repeated on a production CEBAF five-cell cavity with similar results. Events from both experiments were captured on video tape and are presented in this paper along with a discussion of the possible origin of these types of light patterns and the plans to further investigate the phenomena.
Parallel implementation of BDD algorithms using a distributed shared memory

Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are used extensively in VLSI CAD for verification, synthesis, logic minimization and testing. Parallel algorithms for Boolean Function Manipulation using BDDs have been proposed and implemented on a Connection Machine (CM-5). Abstractions have been developed to support the design of these algorithms using the message passing model of parallel programming. A Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) has been built for sharing date. Fine grained load balancing is achieved using a Distributed Stack. Experimental results are shown for the DSM and the BDD algorithms. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using parallel computing for irregular and memory intensive CAD applications such as the BDD algorithms. Improvements to the current implementation are identified for future work. >
Upgrading products from coal liquefaction by hydrotreating over zeolitic catalysts

This article reports on the development of a group of catalysts based on NaY zeolite with the aim of upgrading coal distillates by hydrogenation using the IGI (Institute of Mineral Fuels) method. Intermediate calcinations were performed between the ion exchange stages in order to prepare suitable forms of the catalyst. Experiments were performed in a laboratory single-pass flow unit under the conditions used in petroleum refining to hydrotreat similar feedstocks. The rates of hydrodesulfurization and denitrogenation, and the selectivity of nitrogen removal, expressed as the ratio of degrees of denitrogenation and desulfurization, were calculated in order to evaluate the operation of the catalysts. The most difficult stage in hydrotreating is the removal of nitrogen bases. The feasibility of hydrotreating a 50-300/sup 0/C wide cut from products obtained by the liquefaction of lignite from the Kansko-Achinsk Basin, in the presence of zeolitic catalysts, is demonstrated. With regard to the selection of the cation-exchanged form of the zeolites and the promoters (palladium, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel), it is established that if thorough removal of phenols, nitrogen, and unsaturated hydrocarbons is necessary, the NiMoMeY catalyst should be selected and the NiMoHY catalyst is preferable in the process of hydrodesulfurization and decomposition of nitrogen bases.
Cloud computing: a collaborative green platform for the knowledge society

Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of Cloud Computing as a multilayer integrative collaboration space for knowledge acquisition, nurturing and sharing. The paper will pinpoint benefits and challenges of Cloud Computing in satisfying the new techno-sociological requirements of the knowledge society through the provision of information technology (IT) green services. Furthermore, the article calls for the engagement of researchers to generate additional discussion and dialog in this emerging and challenging area. Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies a conceptual analysis to explore the utilization of the Cloud ecosystem as a new platform for knowledge management (KM) technologies characterized by environmental and economic benefits. Findings – This paper reveals the emergence of a new layer in the Cloud stack known as Knowledge Management-as-a-Service. The article discusses how KM has the opportunity to evolve in synergy with Cloud Computing technologies using th...