cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma Reveals Copy-Number Variations as Drivers of Disease Progression

Purpose: Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is a rare, aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype. There is currently limited understanding on the role of molecular alterations in the pathogenesis and progression of these tumors. We investigated the association between somatic alterations and clinical outcomes in two independent cohorts profiled using DNA sequencing. Experimental Design: Twenty-two tRCCs underwent targeted sequencing [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK)-IMPACT]; a subset was profiled using exome-sequencing and combined with exome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for analysis. The prognostic value of specific somatic aberrations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and fraction of copy-number–altered genome (FCNAg) was explored. In TCGA cases, neoantigen prediction and immune cell deconvolution were performed using RNA-sequencing and exome data. Overall survival estimates were computed using the Kaplan–Meier method; time-on-treatment was calculated for 14 MSK-IMPACT patients who underwent systemic therapy. Associations between molecular features and outcomes were evaluated using nonparametric testing. Results: Copy-number aberrant tRCCs were associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.03). Pediatric patients had tumors with lower FCNAg (P = 0.01). In one adult case with two chronologically distinct tumor samples sequenced, we confirmed that copy-number events occurred early during evolution. TERT promoter mutations were found exclusively in high-stage tumors. We found that tRCCs displayed distinct angiogenesis and PD-L1 gene expression profiles compared with other RCC subtypes. Conclusions: Tumors molecularly defined by increased copy-number variations were associated with aggressive disease in tRCC. A higher burden of genomic events in adults compared with pediatric cases likely reflects a more aggressive clinical course. The unique immunophenotypic characteristics of tRCC merit further exploration.
Incidence of health events and the associations with death and culling on 3 dairies

Some of the least available and most variable dairy herd data comprise records of disease and removal events. Although there are many studies based on the epidemiology of common diseases of dairy cattle, most studies solely focus on a specific disease with or without its effect on removals. Few studies have evaluated the combined impact of multiple diseases on culling and mortality. The objectives of this study were to estimate incidence of common dairy cattle disease and measure their subsequent impact on mortality and culling from the herd.
CHARMM-GUI Ligand Designer for Template-Based Virtual Ligand Design in a Binding Site.

Rational drug design involves a task of finding ligands that would bind to a specific target protein. This work presents CHARMM-GUI Ligand Designer that is an intuitive and interactive web-based to...
Sisomicin Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

Sisomicin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by the growth of a species of Micromonospora, M. inyoensis. The antibiotic is produced substantially as a single component and most closely resembles gentamicin C1a, a component of the gentamicin complex (C1, C1a, C2). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of sisomicin appear less than of the other aminoglycosides. This new antibiotic has a spectrum of in vitro antimicrobial activity similar to that of gentamicin, however, it is more active particularly against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and indole positive proteus. Bacterial strains resistant to gentamicin are usually resistant to sisomicin. In the presence of serum, sisomicin appears to be more bactericidal than gentamicin,andin in vivo mouse protection studies, it has been shown to be two to four times more effective. In mice, rats, and guinea pigs, the acute LD50’s for sisomicin are between one-half and three-fourths of those for gentamicin. In the cat, sisomicin appears to be slightly more vestibular toxic than gentamicin. Auditory toxicity studies in the guinea pig show that it is slightly less toxic than gentamicin, and based on the projective therapeutic dose, probably less toxic than kanamycin. Comparative studies of nephrotoxicity in the dog indicate that the nephrotoxic potential of sisomicin is similar to that of gentamicin. However, in the rat and cat, it appears to be slightly more nephrotoxic.
The effect of knee angle on the measurement of leg strength of college males.

Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of variations in knee angle upon static leg strength of adult males when tested in the semi-erect position. Maximum strength readings were taken at five knee angles which were varied in a Latin square sequence in the range of 115°-164°. Application of a Type II mixed analysis of variance design and a Scheffe multiple comparison test revealed no significant differences in performances (p > .1) when knee angles were between 135°-164°. Knee angles between 115°-134° gave significantly lower leg strength scores (p < .1).
Distinguishing GERD from eosinophilic oesophagitis: concepts and controversies

Over the past three decades, the detection of oesophageal mucosal eosinophils has transitioned from a biomarker of GERD to a diagnostic criterion for eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). In GERD, oesophageal eosinophils are considered part of the chronic inflammatory response to acid reflux, whereas the marked eosinophilia in EoE is viewed as a central feature of the immune response to ingested food and/or environmental antigen stimulation. Descriptions of a considerable subset of patients with symptomatic, endoscopic and histological findings of EoE that resolve with PPI therapy has led to confusion and controversy regarding the distinction of EoE from GERD. Study findings indicate that PPI-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE) more closely resembles EoE than GERD, both from a clinical and immunological aspect. Although responsiveness to PPI therapy should not be utilized to exclude EoE, PPI therapy is effective at reducing oesophageal eosinophilia in ∼40% of patients, and PPI therapy is both a safe and practical initial step in the management of patients with oesophageal eosinophilia. Ongoing studies elucidating the mechanism behind PPI-REE will improve our understanding and management of EoE. In this Review, the mechanisms and evidence that underlie the controversy in the distinction between GERD and EoE are evaluated.
Information Please: Culture and Politics in the Age of Digital Machines, by Mark Poster

How do “information machines” as the new media transform us? Critical cultural theorist and media scholar Mark Poster proceeds to answer this question about the relationship between technology and ...
Navigational structure mining for usability analysis

Web hyperlink analysis has been successfully applied to improve search engines and to analyze patterns in the global Web. However, little work has been done in analyzing the hyperlink graph of a Web site for information architecture and usability analysis. In this paper, we propose a hyperlink frequent itemsets extraction algorithm, which allows the automatic extraction of navigational structures in a Web site without performing hypertext analysis. Experimental results show that the structure mining algorithm can automatically discover navigational structures within Web sites with high accuracy. Further tests with our novel usability system reveals that measured usability of a Web site have a direct correlation with properly designed navigational structures in the home of a Web site.
Plasma cells in multiple myeloma express a natural killer cell- associated antigen: CD56 (NKH-1; Leu-19)

Bone marrow samples from 55 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 23 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undertermined significance (MGUS) were evaluated with a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies. Plasma cells from 78% (43/55) of patients with MM strongly expressed the natural killer cell antigen CD56 (NKH-1, Leu-19). Of the 23 patients with MGUS, none showed strong CD56 reactivity, although three had weak reactivity in less than 20% of plasma cells. Myeloma cells expressing CD56 did not coexpress the CD57 or CD16 antigens. Patients with CD56-positive plasma cells had both indolent and aggressive disease. However, the 12 CD56-negative patients had predominantly aggressive disease with an unexpected preponderance of kappa Bence Jones only myeloma (5/10[50%] evaluable patients). Polyclonal plasma cells from non-neoplastic tissue sites (normal bone marrows, lymph nodes, tonsillar biopsies, and gut-mucosa biopsies) showed a near absence of CD56. We conclude that isolated, strong CD56 expression is common in MM, but not in MGUS or reactive plasma cells. The potential biologic importance of CD56 positivity in myeloma is reviewed.
Collaborative Leadership Roles in the Implementation of Adventist Health Lifestyle: A Case Study of the Chinese Union Mission

COLLABORATIVE LEADERSHIP ROLES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVENTIST HEALTH LIFESTYLE: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHINESE UNION MISSION
S100-negative indeterminate cell histiocytosis in an African American child responsive to narrowband ultraviolet B.

: Indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by the presence of dendritic cells that lack Birbeck granules and immunophenotypically shares features of both Langerhans cells and macrophages. We describe a case of a 4-year-old African American boy affected by a disseminated, exclusively mucocutaneous form of indeterminate cell histiocytosis. The eruption was successfully treated with narrowband ultraviolet B. The peculiar negativity of the Langerhans cell marker S100 is also discussed.
Inversion of many-to-one mappings using self-organising maps

Bidirectionally trained neural networks would be very useful in many circumstances. Often, we have data available for a prediction problem, but prediction of properties for unknown or new situations is only part of the story. In many cases we know the effect we wish to achieve on the output, but what we do not know is how to modify the inputs to achieve this goal. A basic problem in this area is the inversion of many to one mappings. Our work is based on the popular backpropagation neural network to predict the GDP of developing countries. These networks are integrated with a Self-Organising Map to allow the inversion of many to one mappings.
Equation of State Experiments in the Pressure Region Near 20 Megabars

About seven years ago a program was initiated at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) to use underground nuclear explosions to obtain equation of state (EOS) data at high pressures. The main goals of this program are to determine several Hugoniot points in the 1.0 to 3.0 TPa (10 to 30 Mbar) pressure region for a standard material and then use this standard in impedance-matching experiments. In such experiments, Hugoniot data for other sample materials are obtained relative to the standard from measurements of the shock velocities in both the standard and the sample. A number of Soviet investigators [1–5] have used a similar approach, with lead as their standard material. In these experiments they used shocks generated by underground explosions to obtain Hugoniot data for several materials in the 1.0 to 5.0 TPa pressure region, relative to lead. However; they relied upon an extrapolation of the lead Hugoniot from the region of available experimental data to the region where the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac (TFD) statistical model of the atom is believed applicable. This extrapolation procedure is subject to uncertainty, and if a few experimental points could be obtained in the intermediate pressure region for lead or any other standard, then this uncertainty could be reduced by removing the possibility of any gross unanticipated phenomena.
Diffuse optical tomography & spectroscopy in breast cancer characterization & therapy monitoring at UPENN (invited paper)

In this paper, I will provide a broad review of breast cancer research conducted at the University of Pennsylvania and collaborative work with other institution. Our group led by Dr. Arjun G. Yodh has been actively exploring functional and physiological information available via the diffuse optical technique and investigate its use in the area of in vivo breast cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy monitoring. In particular, the recent advances in malignant and benign lesion differentiation from 3D diffuse optical tomography, 3D fluorescence diffuse optical tomography using Indocyanine Green injection, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitoring with diffuse correlation spectroscopy will be presented.
Leptin at 14 y of age: an ongoing story

The cloning of the ob gene and its gene product leptin has led to the elucidation of a robust physiologic system that maintains constancy of fat stores. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissue and regulates adipose tissue mass and energy balance. Recessive mutations in the leptin gene are associated with massive obesity in mice and in some humans, which establishes a genetic basis for obesity. Leptin circulates in blood and acts on the brain to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. When fat mass decreases, plasma leptin concentrations decrease, which stimulates appetite and suppresses energy expenditure until fat mass is restored. When fat mass increases, leptin concentrations increase, which suppresses appetite until weight is lost. This system maintains homeostatic control of adipose tissue mass.
Prostatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Mini Review

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas may arise either in large primary periurethral prostatic ducts or in the peripheral prostatic ducts. Ductal adenocarcinomas are composed of tall columnar cells arranged in cribriform, papillary, solid, single glands, and PIN-like patterns. Other than the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like ductal pattern, which behaves like Gleason pattern 3, ductal adenocarcinoma is comparable to Gleason pattern 4 prostate cancer. Ductal adenocarcinoma can have a patchy basal cell layer and typically expresses prostate-specific antigen (PSA) immunohistochemically. Mimickers of ductal adenocarcinoma include prostatic urethral polyps, hyperplastic benign prostate glands, high-grade PIN, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and papillary urothelial carcinoma.
CRT-117 Hispanic Patients Undergoing Primary PCI within Los Angeles County STEMI Receiving System

Hispanics are one of the largest growing ethnic minorities in the United States but have been under represented in contemporary cardiovascular trials. Information regarding Hispanic patients treated with Primary PCI within a regional STEMI system of care has not been previously reported. The Los
Sulfite metabolism in E. coli.

Abstract E. coli efficiently employ cysteine sulfinic acid and sulfite for growth in an otherwise sulfur-deficient medium, whereas taurine is used poorly and cysteic acid not at all. Sonic extracts of this organism were found to catalyze the desulfinase reactions wherein cysteine sulfinic acid plus α-ketoglutarate are converted to pyruvate, glutamate and SO2. Attempts to demonstrate overall reversal of these reactions in such extracts, fortified with ATP, or phosphopyruvate, and incubated with CSA and 35SO3=, were unsuccessful.
Compact Thermal Representations for Several Fundamental Shapes in Forced Convection

In the cooling of electronic packages, the task of simulating large arrays of heat sinks is often accomplished by the use of compact models. These simpler models attempt to capture the thermal and flow resistance characteristics of a representative heat sink while ignoring secondary detail. In the porous block model, an equivalent thermal conductivity is assigned to the fluid that enters the ‘porous’ space above the heat sink base that was once occupied by the fins. This artificially enhanced thermal conductivity enables the porous block of fluid to exhibit the same thermal resistance as that of the original heat sink. Due to the three-dimensional distribution of the thermal resistance in space, temperature maps associated with the resulting model provide better agreement with detailed numerical simulations than is possible with other models based on two-dimensional flat plate or thin sheet approximations. In this paper, we present closed-form expressions for the equivalent thermal conductivity associated with a large number of heat sink shapes in a forced convection environment.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Ab initio determination of the ground-state potential energy curve for Ar2

Abstract A totally ab initio potential energy curve for Ar 2 is constructed by adding individually damped dispersion terms to an accurate single configuration self-consistent-field repulsive interaction curve. However, the well depth (77 cm −1 ) of our computed curve is significantly less than the experimentaly deduced value (99.4 cm −1 )
A Didactic and Experiential Course Model for Training Family Counselors

Limited attention has been given to the development of didactic and instructional courses addressing the needs of students. The challenges facing family counseling training programs are discussed. A model for a didactic-experiential course created by) the authors is reviewed, and anecdotal, evaluative feedback given by former students is presented. Recommendations and suggestions are offered regarding the training of family counselors.
Distinguishing between Employees' Perceptions of Person-Job and Person-Organization Fit.

Abstract This study examines the relationship between employees' perceptions of person–job (P-J) and person–organization (P-O) fit. Survey data collected from 231 employees (104 office personnel and 127 drivers) of a national trucking company show a low correlation ( r =.18) between the two types of self-reported fit. Both P-J and P-O fit had a unique impact on job satisfaction and intent to quit. P-O fit was a better predictor of intentions to quit than was P-J fit, but there was little difference in their relative influence on job satisfaction. The predicted positive relationship between perceived P-O fit and contextual performance (extrarole behaviors an employee performs beyond those prescribed in their job description) was also supported. No relationship was found between perceived P-J fit and task performance. Taken as a whole, these results provide further evidence that employees' perceptions of P-J and P-O fit should be treated as distinct constructs.
Scalar magnetic (e+e−) resonance as possible source of an anomalous e+ peak in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract The possibility of (e + e − ) resonances arising from strong magnetic interactions at short distances is explored as a possible source of the anomalous positron peak in heavy-ion collisions. With a relativistic two-body equation and a model interaction, a scalar 3 P 0 ++ resonance ( j = 0, l = 1, S = 1, P = 1 and C = 1) with a mass of 1.579 MeV is found. Its two-body decay into an (e + e − ) pair has a mean life of 4.2 × 10 −19 s and produces a positron and an electron each with a kinetic energy of 279 keV.
Wireless spreading of WiFi APs infections using WPS flaws: An epidemiological and experimental study

WiFi Access Points (APs) are ideal targets of attack. They have access to home internal networks which allows an adversary to easily carry out man-in-the-middle attacks and spread infections wirelessly. They can also be used to launch massive denial of service attacks that target the physical infrastructure as well as the RF spectrum (both WiFi and cellular). While Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) vulnerabilities are common knowledge, the flaws of the WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) protocol are less known. In this paper, we use an epidemiological approach, combined with experimental war-driving measurements to investigate the speed of infections spreading in four neighborhoods of Boston, MA, USA, with distinct population and demographics. Our analysis and experimental data indicate that such attacks are feasible. While the graph of WEP APs and WPS APs may not be fully connected, the combined graph of WEP-WPS APs is fully connected, making large scale spreading of infections feasible. Due to the unique characteristics of WPS, the absence of automated firmware upgrades and mechanisms to safely configure and administer APs; these attacks pose a significant threat that require serious attention and countermeasures to provide safe management of APs and their policies.
An accurate shear‐deformable six‐node triangular plate element for laminated composite structures

A six-node triangle plate/shell element is developed for the analysis of laminated composite structures. This model is formulated using Hamilton's principle along with a first-order (Reissner/Mindlin) shear deformation theory. The element is based upon an isoparametric representation along with an interdependent interpolation strategy; bicubic polynomials for the transverse displacement and biquadratic polynomials for the element geometry, in-plane displacements and rotations. The resulting element, which is evaluated using exact numerical integration, has correct rank and is free of shear ‘locking’. Numerical results are presented that validate the new element and prove its outstanding convergence capabilities in comparison to existing triangular elements using standardized test problems (elastic eigenvalue analysis, patch test, static simply supported square-plate solutions) and experimentally measured vibration data of cantilevered isotropic and composite plates.
Differences in benthic cover inside and outside marine protected areas on the Great Barrier Reef: influence of protection or disturbance history?

1. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are being used increasingly to manage and protect marine resources. Most studies of MPAs have focused on fish. In this study, the influence of MPA protection on coral reef benthic organisms on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) was investigated. In addition, the interaction between protection and natural disturbance history was examined. 2. Differences in benthic cover inside and outside MPAs were assessed at 15 pairs of Protected and General Use reefs on the GBR using annual monitoring data from the Australian Institute of Marine Science's Long-Term Monitoring Programme (LTMP). At each reef, benthic cover was determined using a benthic video survey at three sites, with each site consisting of five 50 m transect lines separated by at least 250 m running parallel to the reef crest at 6–9 m depth. 3. Benthic cover was related to both protection status and disturbance history, but natural perturbations exerted a stronger influence on benthic cover than did protection status. The influence of natural perturbation was most noticeable for hard coral. 4. Most reefs where no natural disturbance events had occurred (‘undisturbed reefs’) had higher hard coral cover and lower soft coral cover than General Use reefs. While the high levels of hard coral on Protected reefs may be a result of protection status, it might also have resulted from selection bias that occurred during the initial zoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (i.e. managers may have given protection status to reefs with high coral cover). 5. These results are likely influenced by the relatively low intensity of human use, both on the Great Barrier Reef in general and at the particular monitoring sites studied. Over time, as local populations and tourism increase, the effect of protection may become more evident at LTMP sites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology theme: hypoxia

this issue of the American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology begins the publication of a series of theme reviews focused on adaptive responses to cellular hypoxia. The original conception of this series came from AJP-Cell Physiol Associate Editor Michael Goligorsky, who kindly invited me to
Global Modeling of Land Water and Energy Balances. Part III: Interannual Variability

Abstract The Land Dynamics (LaD) model is tested by comparison with observations of interannual variations in discharge from 44 large river basins for which relatively accurate time series of monthly precipitation (a primary model input) have recently been computed. When results are pooled across all basins, the model explains 67% of the interannual variance of annual runoff ratio anomalies (i.e., anomalies of annual discharge volume, normalized by long-term mean precipitation volume). The new estimates of basin precipitation appear to offer an improvement over those from a state-of-the-art analysis of global precipitation (the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation, CMAP), judging from comparisons of parallel model runs and of analyses of precipitation–discharge correlations. When the new precipitation estimates are used, the performance of the LaD model is comparable to, but not significantly better than, that of a simple, semiempirical water-balance relation that uses only annual to...
The Interdependence Continuum: A Perspective on the Nature of Spanish–English Bilingual Reading Comprehension

The purpose of the current study is to elaborate on the statistical nature of the linguistic interdependence hypothesis (Cummins, 1979). It is argued that reading skills across the languages of bilingual learners are differentially robust to interdependence, falling along a continuum mediated by the commonalities between Spanish and English. Reading data were collected from a sample of 91 Spanish–English bilingual fourth-grade students, and structural equation modeling was used to test a path model of the interdependence continuum. The model assumed that Spanish–English interdependence would be strong for alphabetic knowledge, moderate for reading comprehension, and mild for the link between Spanish oral language and English reading comprehension. The model fit the data well, providing some initial evidence for an interdependence continuum that varies as a function of language typology.
Combining site specificity of monoclonal antibodies to the organophosphate hapten soman.

Abstract The combining site specificities of eight monoclonal antibodies raised against the organophosphorous-containing hapten Soman are compared to monoclonal antibodies specific for a naturally occurring organophosphorous compound, phosphocholine (PC). Although these haptens share some structural and spatial features, differences in their chemical structures, most notably the presence or absence of a positive charge, appear to prevent significant cross-reactivity between antibodies specific for each. The murine memory response to PC-KLH has been shown previously to be characterized by the presence of two major groups of antibodies differentiated on the basis of their specificity for free PC and for the nitrophenyl derivative of PC, nitrophenylphosphocholine (NPPC). Interestingly, two groups of hybridoma antibodies were detected in the immune response to Soman-KLH which possess differential specificity for Soman and for a nitrophenyl derivative of Soman.
Measles Virus Persistence in an Immortalized Murine Macrophage Cell Line

Abstract Persistent infection with the Edmonston strain of measles virus (MV) has been established in IC-21 cells, an immortalized murine macrophage cell line. Persistence was established immediately without syncytia formation or cytopathic effects. MV was expressed in the majority of the cells as evidenced by immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, infectious centers assays, and limiting dilution analysis. Hemagglutinin (H) and phosphoprotein expressed in persistently infected IC-21 cells had retarded migration in SDS-PAGE gels when compared to these proteins expressed in Vero cells. H protein differences were also found between freshly infected IC-21 cells and persistently infected IC-21 cells passaged for over 2 years. Six sublines of IC-21 cells, infected at different times, have maintained these characteristics for 2 years of passage During this time period the intensity of immunofluorescence and the number of infectious virus particles recoverable fluctuated in five of the six cell lines. In one cell line virus expression remained at a consistent high level. The ability to establish a persistent MV infection in murine macrophages allows studies using a cell important in disseminating the infection. It facilitates experiments on immunological aspects of viral immunity by enabling cell mixing experiments with histocompatible cell populations and by making available the wide array of cellular and humoral reagents in the mouse.
Alternative translation initiation in immunity: MAVS learns new tricks.

Translational control of gene expression contributes to various aspects of immune function [1]. Recent results by Brubaker et al. [2] show how alternative translation initiation produces distinct isoforms of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS), an adaptor protein associated with RIG-I and MDA5 that possess unique immunomodulatory properties.
Two-year outcomes following ACL reconstruction with allograft tibialis anterior tendons: a retrospective study

The outcomes of 18 patients (11 females, 7 males; age, 40.4+/-11 years) at 2 years after ACL reconstruction with cryopreserved tibialis anterior allografts using a double bundle technique are presented. Most subjects (72%) described themselves as being moderately active before surgery. After providing written informed consent, subjects completed the 2000 IKDC Knee Form, underwent arthrometric knee measurements, and performed one-leg hop and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring torque tests (60 degrees /s). Ninety-four percent (17/18) of the subjects had normal or near-normal grades for manual knee ligament tests. Knee arthrometry measurements revealed a mean 1.1-mm involved side increase at 134 N (8.9+/-2 mm vs 7.8+/-3 mm) and a 2-mm involved side increase during manual maximum testing (11.3+/-2 mm vs 9.3+/-3 mm). Group means revealed active knee flexion (136+/-8 degrees vs 139+/-6 degrees ) and knee hyper-extension (3+/-2 degrees vs 5+/-2 degrees ), which were slightly reduced at the involved knee. One-leg hop testing revealed a 15% mean deficit at the involved side (0.81+/-0.3 m vs 0.95+/-0.3 m). Isokinetic testing revealed an 11% mean deficit at the involved side (143.4+/-60 Nm vs 161.8+/-54 Nm) for the quadriceps and 7% greater strength at the involved side (105.9+/-35 Nm vs 98.8+/-35 Nm) for the hamstrings. Side-to-side comparisons revealed that many patients displayed less than normal quadriceps femoris torque (72%, 13/18), hamstring torque (28%, 5/18) and hop test (28%, 5/18) performance. Moderate positive correlations existed between involved side quadriceps ( r=0.80) and hamstring ( r=0.83) torque/bodyweight and hop test performance. Scores were 77.6+/-21 (range 28.7-100) and 78.1+/-16 (range 41.7-100) for the 2000 IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation and Health Assessment forms. Most subjects (83%, 15/18) rated their current function at >or=91% of pre-injury levels and all subjects continued to participate at their pre-injury perceived activity level. At 2 years after ACL reconstruction with tibialis anterior allografts, this subject group displayed satisfactory functional outcomes. Tibialis anterior allograft use provides an effective ACL reconstruction alternative, particularly for older individuals who want to continue recreational sports.
National Defense, Environmental Regulation, and Overhead Democracy: A View from the “Greening” of the U.S. Military

This study examines the patterns of politics accompanying efforts to hold the United States military accountable to U.S. environmental and natural resources (ENR) laws in the post-Cold War era. This analysis (1) uses three cases to describe what happened, and why, (2) to test several propositions related to military accountability to ENR laws in the post-Cold War era; (3) to offer a typology of tactics used that may help inform future research on intragovernmental regulation more generally; and (4) argues that public agencies have a responsibility to comply with the regulatory processes that hold them accountable to U.S. ENR laws.
Improved Linearized Velocity Profiles for Turbulent Free Shear Layers

Linearized velocity profiles for turbulent free shear layers using transverse shift and longitudinal motion equation
By-product synergy (BPS) at military installations: A systems engineering case study at Fort Eustis

Waste management is a significant environmental and financial problem for military installations throughout the United States. Each installation functions as a self-contained community and produces large amounts of waste that are often costly and difficult to manage. One way to address this problem is through the implementation of by-product synergies (BPS). A BPS is a network of organizational processes where output products from one process are used as the input materials for another process. BPS's turn a linear material flows, where raw materials are extracted from the earth and disposed of in landfills, into closed loop lifecycles where “waste” is reused, recycled or remanufactured into new products rather than transported to landfills. This paper presents a four phase methodology for identifying, designing, and implementing BPS opportunities on US military installations. The phases include determining what waste exists on the installation (Phase 1), determining what value lies in the waste (Phase 2), determining how to analyze synergy opportunities (Phase 3) and determining how to move towards forming closed loop material flows (Phase 4). The methodology identifies key metrics for identifying, designing, and implementing BPS systems that satisfy the installation's mission goals. The methodology is currently being evaluated in a case study being conducted at Fort Eustis, VA. The results of the case are reported in this paper.
Visibility Complexes and the Baues Problem for Triangulations in the Plane

We give a positive answer for the special case of the Generalized Baues Problem which asks whether the complex of triangulations of a point set A in general position in the plane has the homotopy type of a sphere. In the process, we are led to define the visibility complex for a simplicial complex P whose vertices lie in A , and prove that this visibility complex has the same homotopy type as P . The main technique is a variant of deletion-contraction from matroid theory, along with a new method for proving homotopy equivalence of posets which we call the nerve-flag paradigm.
Topology Perturbation for Detecting Malicious Data Injection

Bad measurement data exists in power systems for a number of reasons. Malicious data injection attacks, which alter the values of measurements without being detected, are one potential cause of bad data and may have serious consequences. A solution for bad data detection in power systems is proposed in this work, particularly designed to detect malicious data attacks. By applying known perturbations to the system and measuring the changes elsewhere, the approach 'probes' the system for unexpected responses in terms of measurement values. Using a developed 'key space' approach, the perturbation used is rendered unpredictable to the attacker, making it difficult for the attacker to adapt his attacks. Thus, unexpected measurement values after a probe provide an indication of both bad and malicious data. The proposed approach is analyzed for sample systems using MATLAB.
Electronic manipulation of DNA and proteins for potential nano-bio circuit assembly

ABSTRACT Using gold electrodes lithographically fabricated onto microscope cover slips, DNA and proteins are interrogated both optically (through fluorescence) and electronically (through conductance measurements). Dielectrophoresis is used to position DNA and proteins at well-defined pos itions on a chip. For the electronic manipulations, quadrupole electrode geometries are used with gaps ranging from 3 to 100 µ m; AC field strengths are typically 10 6 V/m with frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz. Nanoparticles (20 nm latex beads) are also manipulated. A technique of in situ impedance monitoring is tested for the first time to measure the conductance of the electronically manipulated DNA and proteins. The electrical resistance of DNA and proteins is measured to be larger than 40 M under the experimental conditions used. Keywords : Dielectrophoresis, DNA, Proteins, Nanoparticles 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Motivation The development of lithographic fabrication techniques has lead to astounding advances in integrated circuits, but at the same time the limits of lithography prevent nanometer scale electronic devices from being economically manufactured. This has led to proposals for alternative nano-manufacturing technologies based on "bottom-up" chemical self-assembly techniques. Two key challenges in the manufacturing of sub-lithographic size electronic devices (i.e., molecular electronics
Sexual assault injuries and increased risk of HIV transmission.

Sexual assault and HIV are coexisting public health problems. Sexual assault may increase HIV transmission risk through diverse mechanisms, such as infliction of anal, oral, and genital injuries by penile, digital, or object penetration, extragenital trauma, concurrent sexually transmitted infections, condom use, and whether the perpetrator was circumcised. Language: en
Biochemical characterization of glucocorticoid receptors of rat testis

Abstract Rat testis cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors were characterized by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-100 columns and sucrose-density gradients. The unactivated [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complex showed two distinct peaks of macromolecular bound radioactivity on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Peak I eluted just after the column wash, while peak II eluted at 0.28 M KC1. Activation of the complex at 25°C for 45 min resulted in a significant increase in peak I with a concomitant decrease in peak II and the appearance of a third peak at 0.18 M KC1. Both the unactivated and activated [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complex, when analyzed on Sephadex G-100 columns, showed a single macromolecular bound radioactive peak having a Stokes radius of 6.5 nm. Treatment of the [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complex (6.5 nm holo-receptor) with trypsin (0.5 μg/ml) resulted in the appearance of a smaller (2.0 nm) fragment but no intermediate sized forms of the receptor were observed. The complexes sedimented as 7–8 S (in low salt) and as 4.6 S (in high salt) forms in sucrose gradients in the presence or absence of 10mM molybdate. Steroid unbound receptors were inactivated at 25°C and 4°C with a T12 of 2 h and 24 h, respectively. Ten mM molybdate slightly protected the unbound testis receptor at 25°C. However, molybdate, dithiothreitol, and molybdate plus dithiothreitol were unable to either enhance or reactivate [3H]dexamethasone binding of unbound receptors at 4°C or 25°C. Activation of testis [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes resulted in a 2–3 fold enhancement in subsequent binding to testis nuclei in vitro. In addition, we observed that activated [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes were precipitated with 30–35% ammonium sulfate, while unactivated complexes were precipitated with 30–40% ammonium sulfate.
Innovative 19-Minute Rapid Cytokeratin Immunostaining of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Mohs Micrographic Surgery

BACKGROUND Dense inflammation can obscure nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) on frozen sections, prompting removal of additional layers to ensure negative margins. Cytokeratin (CK) immunostaining in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been examined and found to be useful but is limited by lengthy 1-hour processing. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to develop an effective ultrarapid CK frozen section immunostain to be used during MMS in cases of NMSC with dense or perineural inflammation. METHODS An ultrarapid immunostain with a mixture of AE1/AE3 monoclonal antibodies was performed in 21 MMS cases and compared with permanent sections prepared from the same material. RESULTS The ultrarapid CK protocol stained all of the cells in each of the 21 examples of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in frozen tissue in a way equivalent to immunostains being applied to permanent sections. CONCLUSION The 19-minute CK immunohistochemistry protocol in frozen tissue appears to be as effective at labeling tumor cells of SCC and BCC as methods requiring permanent sections. It is hopeful that this technique may prevent recurrences after MMS and limit the number of Mohs layers required to obtain free margins when inflammation is abundant. It also is effective in uncovering subtle perineural invasion.
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Lorazepam in Pediatric Patients with and without Status Epilepticus

Objective To evaluate the single dose pharmacokinetics of an intravenous dose of lorazepam in pediatric patients treated for status epilepticus (SE) or with a history of SE. Study design Ten hospitals in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network enlisted patients 3 months to 17 years with convulsive SE (status cohort) or for a traditional pharmacokinetics study (elective cohort). Sparse sampling was used for the status cohort, and intensive sampling was used for the elective cohort. Non-compartmental analyses were performed on the elective cohort, and served to nest compartmental population pharmacokinetics analysis for both cohorts. Results A total of 48 patients in the status cohort and 15 patients in the elective cohort were enrolled. Median age was 7 years, 2 months. The population pharmacokinetics parameters were: clearance, 1.2 mL/min/kg; half-life, 16.8 hours; and volume of distribution, 1.5 L/kg. On the basis of the pharmacokinetics model, a 0.1 mg/kg dose is expected to achieve concentrations of approximately 100 ng/mL and maintain concentrations >30 to 50 ng/mL for 6 to 12 hours. A second dose of 0.05 mg/kg would achieve desired therapeutic serum levels for approximately 12 hours without excessive sedation. Age-dependent dosing is not necessary beyond using a maximum initial dose of 4 mg. Conclusions Lorazepam pharmacokinetics in convulsive SE is similar to earlier pharmacokinetics measured in pediatric patients with cancer, except for longer half-life, and similar to adult pharmacokinetics parameters except for increased clearance.
Introducing an expert systems course into the operations research curriculum

Abstract In order to keep pace with the changing times, it is important that an expert systems course be included in the operations research curriculum. The operations research community was instrumental in producing automated aids, namely decision support systems, to help the decision maker. Another type of aid which operations research can impact is expert systems. This paper stresses the need for an expert systems course as part of the operations research curriculum, and then discusses such a course as taught in the Management Science Department at George Washington University.
Cleavage-Associated Enhancement of an Antigenic Site in the Biologically Active NH2-Terminal Region of Parathyroid Hormone

Immunological properties of an antiserum prepared to a synthetic peptide of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) consisting of the first 12 amino acids of the NH2-terminal region, bovine PTH-(1–12) [bPTH-(1–12)], were examined in a competitive-binding RIA. With a radioiodinated fragment of 13 amino acids [125I-labeled bPTH-(1–12)-Tyr13] as tracer and bPTH and various synthetic NH2-terminal fragments of the hormone as competing antigens, the reactivities, on a molar basis, of the intact hormone and the peptides bPTH-(1–34), bPTH-(1–28), bPTH-(1–26), bPTH-(2–34), and bPTH-(3–34) were found to be 40–200 times weaker than the reactivity of the immunogen bPTH-(1–12). Certain minor structural changes were associated with considerable variation in immunological reactivity. The cross-reactivity of bPTH-(1–26) relative to bPTH-(1–12) was 2 times greater than that of the larger peptides [bPTH-(1–28), bPTH-(1–34), or bPTH-(l-84)]. Cross-reactivity of bPTH-(1–34) fell by 80–90% with shortening of the NH2- terminus by eit...
Alarama is all at once: preacher, media ‘savvy’, and religious entrepreneur in Niamey

In Niger, the role of the media in the re-islamization process that began two decades ago has remained understudied. This article seeks to remedy this gap and discusses a particular example of media usage and appropriation in the urban context of Niamey. It draws on a series of fieldwork studies undertaken in Niamey during the last two years. It focuses on Alarama, a young preacher and one of the most prominent media figures in Niamey. In addition to a series of TV and FM radio programmes he hosts, he has also developed recording and distribution practices that have resulted in the Islamic discotheque, a space that helps him popularize his CD and DVD sermons. I analyse how he has gathered around himself an expanding group of followers, many of whom have developed with him a fan–star relationship. Alarama's case exemplifies the way audiovisual media are constitutive of a new urban Islamic culture, which in return redefines media appropriation and religious imagination.
Sustainability or limitless expansion: paradigm shift in HRD practice and teaching

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss a shift from the mentality of limitless growth and expansion to the new sustainability paradigm in HRD practice, and identifies what corresponding changes are needed in human resource development (HRD) university programs.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a review of the literature in HRD and related fields, and of curricula of a sample of HRD programs in the USA.Findings – Five themes were found in the academic literature: critique of HRD's fixation with performance outcomes and lack of emphasis on developing sustainable and responsible members of society; role of HRD in embedding sustainability in organizational cultures; training and development methods, aimed at increasing sustainability awareness and at developing related skills; sustainable leadership and leadership development; and interconnectedness of HRD, sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and business ethics. Review of the contents of a sample of HRD graduate programs su...
Mixed Poisson likelihood regression models for longitudinal interval count data.

SUMMARY In many longitudinal studies it is desired to estimate and test the rate over time of a particular recurrent event. Often only the event counts corresponding to the elapsed time intervals between each subject's successive observation times, and baseline covariate data, are available. The intervals may vary substantially in length and number between subjects, so that the corresponding vectors of counts are not directly comparable. A family of Poisson likelihood regression models incorporating a mixed random multiplicative component in the rate function of each subject is proposed for this longitudinal data structure. A related empirical Bayes estimate of random-effect parameters is also described. These methods are illustrated by an analysis of dyspepsia data from the National Cooperative Gallstone Study.