cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ego Control Patterns and Attribution of Hostility

As a step toward clarifying personality factors in interpersonal perception, it was hypothesized that patterns of ego control are related to the degree of hostility attributed to self and others an...
Thoracoabdominal and abdominal aortic aneurysms involving celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries

This is a report of surgical treatment of 138 patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms and aneurysms of the abdominal aorta from which the visceral vessels arise. The patients are divided into 6 groups according to location and extent of aneurysm. Group I (16 patients) involved most of the descending thoracic aorta and the upper abdominal aorta down to the celiac axis. Group II (1 patient) involved all of the aorta except the proximal ascending aorta. In Group III there were 47 patients in whom the aneurysm involved most or all of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. In Group IV (31 patients) the aneurysm involved the distal thoracic aorta and part or all of the abdominal aorta. Group V (28 patients) involved either the upper or all of the abdominal aorta, and in Group VI (15 patients) the aneurysm was infrarenal in location but involved the renal arteries. Treatment was by the graft inclusion technique with reattachment of branch vessels by anastomosis directly to openings made in the graft in most cases. Intercostal and lumbar arteries were reattached in some patients in Groups II and III. Aortic and renal occlusion times varied from 15 to 155 minutes. Of the 138 patients in the series, 125 (91%) survived. Transient renal insufficiency occurred in 7 patients. Death occurred in 3 other patients from renal failure, 1 of whom was on chronic hemodialysis. Paraplegia occurred in 12 patients, all submitted to extensive replacements. Intercostal and lumbar artery reattachment reduced the incidence of this problem by 50%. In the survivors, paraplegia was mild to moderate and transient in 4 and severe in 4. All of the latter are now self-sufficient. The 2 men with this problem are gainfully employed.
Kinetics of Cytokine Expression and Regulation of Host Protection Following Infection with Molecularly Cloned Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Abstract In the mouse model, the arbovirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) replicates in lymphoid tissues prior to either inducing protective immunity (attenuated VEE mutant) or progressing to lethal encephalitis (virulent parent VEE). To investigate the mechanism of the protective response, cytokine gene expression was examined during the course of the primary in vivo immune response to molecularly cloned, virulent VEE and a single-site attenuated VEE mutant, using a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. VEE-induced cytokine gene expression was 100-fold elevated over that of untreated controls for IFN-γ and IL-6 and 10-fold increased for IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-α. There was no qualitative difference in cytokine gene induction comparing mice infected with the attenuated and the virulent VEE; however, there were significant differences in the cytokine gene expression kinetics. In mice infected with the attenuated VEE, elevated cytokine gene expression was delayed 24 hr when compared to mice infected with the virulent parent VEE clone at the same dose. Further, IFN-γ protein secretion by cells from the draining lymph node mimicked the pattern of IFN-γ gene induction by cells harvested from the same site. IFN-γ gene expression was elevated at an earlier time point in mice given virulent V3000 24 hr after attenuated V3032 injection compared to mice infected with virulent V3000 alone. The combined V3000/V3032 infection resulted in host protection. Treatment of mice with IL-12 prior to infection with virulent VEE failed to reduce the severity of infection, while anti-IL-12 antibody did not prevent the early protective effect of attenuated virus. In contrast, administration of anti-IFN-α/β antibody prior to VEE infection worsened virulent VEE disease. These results indicate that the attenuated VEE strain elicits a similar but delayed cytokine response compared to the virulent strain, suggesting that the kinetics of cytokine expression and the particular cytokine produced may influence the development of a host protective response. Furthermore, IFN-α/β, but not IL-12, seems to be a major factor in the induction of early protection against VEE infection and disease.
Empirical criteria for liquefaction in sands via standard penetration tests and seismic wave energy

Five empirical equations are presented, describing initiation of liquefaction in fully saturated sands, in terms of standard penetration values and initial overburden stress on level ground. These equations are based on 90 case histories of liquefaction, and relate empirically the pore pressure increase to earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, energy of strong motion at the site, peak ground velocity, Fourier amplitude of velocity and duration of strong motion. The results are given in terms of raw standard penetration values corrected for overburden pressure. For all the models presented, the standard deviation of the residuals, representing the differences between the observed and predicted penetration values is less than six blow counts.
Mining historical manuscripts with local color patches

Initiatives such as the Google Print Library Project and the Million Book Project have already archived more than twelve million books in digital format, and within the next decade, the majority of world’s books will be online. Although most of the data will naturally be text, there will also be tens of millions of pages of images, many in color. While there is an active research community pursuing data mining of text from historical manuscripts, there has been very little work that exploits the rich color information which is often present. In this work, we introduce a simple color measure which both addresses and exploits typical features of historical manuscripts. To enable the efficient mining of massive archives, we propose a tight lower bound to the measure. Beyond the fast similarity search, we show how this lower bound allows us to build several higher-level data mining tools, including motif discovery and link analyses. We demonstrate our ideas in several data mining tasks on manuscripts dating back to the fifteenth century.
A note on finding extreme points in multivariate space

Abstract Extreme points in multivariate space have many applications in statistics and can be studied as vertices of a convex polytope (hulls). Finding such vertices is a major topic of study in computational geometry but has received very little attention in applied statistics. Three new methods, based on random and restricted random sampling, is introduced for finding vertices of convex hulls of a sample of N points in k space. Simple projections are used iteratively to find the extreme points. Compared to existing methods, the new method utilizes raw computing power over theoretical analysis and is efficient for practical problems.
C*-algebras generated by elements of a unitary matrix

Abstract Let Unnc be the unital C∗-algebra generated by the elements uij, 1 ⩽ i, j ⩽ n, satisfying the relations which make [uij] a unitary matrix. Unnc is isomorphic to the relative commutant of Mn in the amalgamated product M n ∗ c C( T ) . Define Un, rednc to be the relative commutant of Mn in the reduced amalgamated product of M n ∗ c C( T ) with respect to the usual traces. We show that Unnc has no nontrivial projections and that Un, rednc is a simple C∗-algebra with no nontrivial projections. We also compute the K-groups of Unnc as well as those of the noncommutative Grassmanian Gnnc.
Solid propellant burning rate measurement in a closed bomb

Abstract : Experiments show that the burning rate of solid propellants is a function of the pressure under which the burning takes place. An often used method to determine that burning rate function is to burn a sample of the propellant in a closed container and to register the corresponding pressure-time data. With the aid of formulas from thermodynamic theory these observations can be manipulated to yield the desired parameters of the burning rate function. This analysis is typically done under a number of restrictive assumptions, e.g., the assumption of constant temperature in the container throughout the experiment. In spite of such assumptions the corresponding algorithms published are complicated and an error analysis of the results has apparently never been reported. In the present paper new formulas are derived under relaxed assumptions. With the aid of these formulas the data analysis is reduced to a curve fitting task. For such tasks standard theories and computer programs are available, which furnish the unknown parameters of the burning rate function together with estimates of their variances and co-variances. The new formulas can be replaced by simpler ones under conditions, which are controllable by the design of the experiment. It is found that for such simplifications the temperature's behavior is not relevant. In general the simplifications are permissible if the maximum pressure achieved during the experiment remains essentially smaller than the chemical energy released per unit volume of the propellant. The latter is typically of the order of 10 to 10th power Pa (10 to 5th power). An example illustrates the application of the new algorithm.
Hepatic Glutathione Content and Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity of Acetaminophen-Treated Mice as a Function of Age

ABSTRACTGlutathione (GSH) plays an important role in cells as an anti-oxidant, and participates in the detoxification of drugs and foreign chemicals. The effect of age on hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and the ability of these mice to respond to the acute administration of acetaminophen (AAP) has been studied. Female Swiss Webster mice at ages 3, 9, and 18 mo were treated i.p. with 500 mg/kg AAP, and hepatic GSH content and AHH activity were determined at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hrs. The hepatic GSH levels and the AHH activity in 18 mo old mice were 43% and 36% lower, respectively, as compared to the 3 mo old animals. Maximum AAP-induced depletion of GSH occurred 2–4 hrs after treatment. Only in 18 mo animals did GSH fail to return to or exceed control levels 24 hr after AAP administration. Maximum decrease in hepatic AHH activity occurred in all age groups at 10 hr post-AAP administration, and had not returned to control values 24 hr after trea...
A study of fusion zone microstructures of arc-welded joints made from dissimilar aluminum alloys

Arc welding has proven itself to be an economically affordable and efficient method for the joining of a wide variety of aluminum alloy structures that find extensive use in the industries of ground transportation and building construction. Welded joints, having a “T” configuration, in dissimilar aluminum alloys were produced using the semiautomatic arc welding process. In this study, a combination of a non-heat-treatable aluminum-magnesium alloy and a heat-treatable aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy was successfully welded. Optical microscopy was used to characterize the fusion zone microstructures of the fillet-welded T joints. The intrinsic microstructural features and the development and presence of defects are highlighted.
Effectiveness of a promotora home visitation program for underserved Hispanic children with asthma

AbstractObjective: Retention in a mobile asthma clinic, the Breathmobile™, of ≥3 visits has previously been shown to be essential for attaining asthma control in underserved children. The objective of this study in primarily Hispanic-American children was to determine the difference in retention between those seen in the Breathmobile™ compared to those receiving an additional promotora-based home visit (HV). Methods: Children with asthma in the Breathmobile™ program were evaluated for asthma status and aeroallergen sensitivity. Indication for HV included poor asthma control, educational and environmental control needs. An initial visit consisted of environmental assessment as well as a 3-h interactive educational session covering asthma basics. A follow-up visit 1 month later assessed implementation. The primary outcome measure of retention was ≥6 months in the Breathmobile™ program. Results: Of the 1007 asthmatic children seen between April 2002 and June of 2005, 136 received HV. These children showed si...
Both mu and delta opiate receptors exist on the same neuron

Low concentrations of the relatively selective opiate receptor agonists dihydromorphine and normorphine (mu receptor agonists) and D-Ala 2-D-Leu 5-enkephalin (a delta receptor agonist) were applied to single enteric neurons while the frequency of action potential firing was recorded. Most neurons that were inhibited by the mu agonists were also inhibited by the delta agonist, but the two receptors could be distinguished by the higher concentration of naloxone required to antagonize the delta agonist. The results indicate that enteric neurons bear both mu and delta receptors and that cell firing is inhibited if either receptor type is activated.
Is There Anything Transcendent About Transcendence? A Philosophical and Psychological Study of Sri Ramakrishna

Sri Ramakrishna est un mystique bengali du XIX e siecle que certains celebrent comme un saint tandis que d'autres le tiennent pour un simple fou. L'A. propose une approche a la fois philosophique et psychanalytique de Ramakrishna. En meme temps, cela permet a l'A. de montrer quel est le point de rencontre possible entre les deux approches. Dans un premier temps, l'A. revient a l'arriere-plan des attitudes de Ramakrishna, puis examine les approches psychologiques du mysticisme. Il s'interesse aux approches philosophiques du mysticisme. Enfin, il analyse la relation entre les visions de Ramakrishna, ses intuitions spirituelles et son attitude
Authentic Leaders Creating Healthy Work Environments for Nursing Practice

Implementation of authentic leadership can affect not only the nursing workforce and the profession but the healthcare delivery system and society as a whole. Creating a healthy work environment for nursing practice is crucial to maintain an adequate nursing workforce; the stressful nature of the profession often leads to burnout, disability, and high absenteeism and ultimately contributes to the escalating shortage of nurses. Leaders play a pivotal role in retention of nurses by shaping the healthcare practice environment to produce quality outcomes for staff nurses and patients. Few guidelines are available, however, for creating and sustaining the critical elements of a healthy work environment. In 2005, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses released a landmark publication specifying 6 standards (skilled communication, true collaboration, effective decision making, appropriate staffing, meaningful recognition, and authentic leadership) necessary to establish and sustain healthy work environments in healthcare. Authentic leadership was described as the “glue” needed to hold together a healthy work environment. Now, the roles and relationships of authentic leaders in the healthy work environment are clarified as follows: An expanded definition of authentic leadership and its attributes (eg, genuineness, trustworthiness, reliability, compassion, and believability) is presented. Mechanisms by which authentic leaders can create healthy work environments for practice (eg, engaging employees in the work environment to promote positive behaviors) are described. A practical guide on how to become an authentic leader is advanced. A research agenda to advance the study of authentic leadership in nursing practice through collaboration between nursing and business is proposed. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2006;15:256-268)
Anatomical factors causing oedema of the lower limb during pregnancy

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology of the common iliac artery and vein (CIA&V) comparing right and left sides in females versus males. Pregnant women favour lying on one side at rest and during sleep. The reason for this may be due to the morphology and orientation between the CIA&V. Virtually all women during their pregnancy suffer from lower limb swelling. This study provides an anatomical explanation for the propensity to lie consistently on one side, for lower limb swelling, and offers prevention measures. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted on anatomical texts, atlases, journals, and websites regarding the morphology and orientation of the right and left CIA&V, lower limb oedema, and sleeping positions during pregnancy. Measurements from 15 dissected cadavers were conducted on the right and left CIA&V. Results: The literature search revealed very limited studies on the morphology and orientation of the right and left CIA&V with no studies relating this orientation to lower limb oedema or sleeping positions during pregnancy. Cadaver dissection revealed a relatively direct anterior to posterior orientation left CIA&V and an oblique lateral to medial right CIA&V. Conclusions: This study suggests an explanation of why women lie on their left side when resting and sleeping during the third trimester due to the clinically relevant anatomy between the CIA&V.
Syndesmosis fixation using dual 3.5 mm and 4.5 mm screws with tricortical and quadricortical purchase: a biomechanical study.

Background:Grade 3 syndesmosis (high ankle) sprains of the ankle are frequently treated using screws that fix the distal fibula to the tibia. We hypothesized that forces acting on the distal fibula...
Interactions of synthetic polymers with cell membranes and model membrane systems, 9. Reversal of Mg^(2+) Induced Structural Changes in Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol Bilayers by Adsorbed Polyethyleneimines

One can imagine a number of different ways in which synthetic polymers might modify the structural and functional properties of bilayer membranes. Our own experiments on polymer-lipid mixtures have demonstrated several of these. Treatment of aqueous phosphatidylcholine suspensions with poly(2-ethylacrylic acid) was shown by Tirrell, Takigawa and Seki to provide a method of preparation of environmentally sensitive vesicles which release their contents in a controlled manner in response to small changes in local pH. The most likely mechanism by which the polymer may effect vesicle disruption is that shown in Scheme 1: a pH-dependent conformational transition in poly(2-ethylacrylic acid) produces a globular, hydrophobic form of the polymer which solubilizes the lipid in the form of mixed micelles. More recently, we have described the observation of an unusual interdigitated gel phase in phosphatidylglycerol bilayers treated with ionene-6, (Scheme 2). Interdigitation results in a near-doubling of the lateral area of the bilayer, as the bilayer thickness is reduced to little more than half its normal value. We are currently exploring the consequences of this structural change in terms of bilayer stability and permeability.
Letter to the Editor---Addendum to “Operations Research for the U. S. Navy Since World War II”

With the passage of time since October 1958, when the talk “Operations Research for the U.S. Navy Since World War II” was given, there have been considerable changes in the Operations Evaluation Group. The purpose of this addendum is to inform the members of the Society of two of the most significant additions to the operation and constitution of OEG since the time this talk was given.
Identification of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates that are highly disruptive to the intestinal epithelial barrier

Background Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial infections are increasingly recognized worldwide. In this study, we focused on the virulence of multi-drug resistant clinical strains P. aeruginosa against the intestinal epithelial barrier, since P. aeruginosa can cause lethal sepsis from within the intestinal tract of critically ill and immuno-compromised patients via mechanisms involving disruption of epithelial barrier function.
Genre effects on subject expression in Spanish: Priming in narrative and conversation

Structural priming refers to the process whereby the use of a syntactic structure in an utterance functions as a prime on a subsequent utterance, such that that same structure is repeated. This article investigates this phenomenon from the perspective of first-person singular subject expression in Spanish. Two dialects and two genres of spoken Spanish are studied: New Mexican narratives and Colombian Spanish conversation. An analysis of 2,000 verbs occurring with first-person singular subjects reveals that subject expression undergoes a priming effect in both data sets, but that the effect is more short-lived in the Colombian data. This is found to be attributable to the interactional nature of these data, showing that the need to deal with interactional concerns weakens the priming effect. As the first study to compare priming of subject expression across distinct genres, this article makes an important contribution to our understanding of this effect, and in particular, of factors that play a role in its maintenance or dissipation in discourse.I would like to thank Rena Torres Cacoullos for her many invaluable comments on this article and Jill Morford and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi for helpful discussion on the notion of priming. I also gratefully acknowledge Jessi Aaron and Matt Alba for help with the coding and analysis; Neddy Vigil and Garland Bills for making the New Mexican data available to me; Ana Aurora Medina Murillo for help with the transcription of the NM data; and Maria Elena Rendon, Marianne Dieck, and Rocio Amezquita for the collection and transcription of the Colombian data.
Stabilization of delayed linear systems via signal reconstruction

This work addresses the problem of time varying delays in systems and control. In the first part of the paper, we propose a processing scheme that allows reconstruction of a signal subject to time-varying delays. We show robustness of the scheme with respect to sensing and actuation noise. We obtain a necessary and sufficient result for stability of compensated scalar linear systems under constant time delay. Then we apply the scheme to a general n dimensional linear system subject to time-varying delay in the state feedback. We present sufficient conditions for stability of the closed loop system. These conditions provide a constructive procedure to design the compensation parameter to maximize the delay that the system can support, while remaining stable.
Inquirers, triers, and buyers of an alcohol harm reduction self-help organization

Moderation Management (MM) is the only self-help organization designed to help problem drinkers who wish to moderate their alcohol consumption rather than abstain. Experienced MM members tend to be highly educated and employed and have minimal signs of physical dependence on alcohol or co-occurring drug use. As a result, MM is sometimes dismissed as an organization that attracts only “the worried well”, or, is initially accessed by a wide range of problem drinkers but ultimately retains only “easy cases” as enduring members (e.g., alcoholic individuals are tempted to join MM but relapse and drop out immediately). Both of these possibilities were evaluated by comparing 445 nonmembers who were called MM's helpline (“inquirers” or “callers”), 41 early stage MM members (“triers”), and 124 experienced MM members (“buyers”). In general, experienced MM members reported the most severe drinking histories, followed by early stage members and then by callers, whose reported problems were quite modest. Measures of s...
Calfactant Sterility in Multiple Doses from Single-Use Vials

BACKGROUND:Calfactant is an exogenous surfactant used to treat and prevent respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn infant. It is available in single-use preservative-free vials, but contains enough volume to provide multiple doses to small infants.OBJECTIVE:To measure the preservation of calfactant sterility at 12- and 24-hour intervals following initial violation of vial contents and to extrapolate cost savings associated with product conservation.METHODS:A prospective sterility study was performed using calfactant suspension obtained from vials prescribed for infants who had received their dose in the delivery room or the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). After initial vial entry, test vials were stored in the NICU pharmacy satellite under refrigeration (temperature range 2.2–7.2 °C). Re-entry of test vials and sample removal was performed 12 and 24 hours after initial entry with an 18- or 20-gauge needle. All samples were removed by a neonatal respiratory therapist and placed into 3-mL latex-fr...
The Effect of Leading-Edge Bluntness on a Laminar Supersonic Boundary Layer

An experimental investigation was conducted to ascertain the effect of leading-edge bluntness on the laminar boundary layer of a flat plate. The results show that the effect of leading-edge bluntness is an important consideration. The ratio of the leading-edge thickness to theoretical values** of boundary layer displacement thickness at the measuring station will serve as a criterion of the importance of the effect. I t is concluded that the presence of a detached shock wave at the plate leading edge is responsible for the observed discrepancy between theoretically predicted and measured momentum losses. I t is demonstrated that blunting the point of a body of revolution does not seriously affect the laminar boundary layer.
Volichenko Algebras as Algebras of Differential Operators

Throughout this paper, k denotes a field of characteristic 0 and all tensor products are over k. Further, k[X;n] is the polynomial algebra in n commuting indeterminates X = (x1, x2, · · · , xn) and Λ[Y ;m] is the Grassmann algebra in n anti-commuting indeterminates Y = (y1, y2, · · · , ym). Supersymmetries are symmetries of supervarieties, i.e., objects, functions on which depend on both usual commuting (even) variables and on anticommuting (odd) ones. For numerous applications of supersymmetry and for basics, see [3], [2] and [10]. Supersymmetries widened the notion of group in order to be able to mix Bose and Fermi particles. However, the collection of morphisms of supervarieties (locally, of its superalgebra of functions F ) — supersymmetries — is not the largest possible group of automorphisms of the algebra F , with superstructure ignored. Besides, not every subalgebra or a quotient of a supercommutative superalgebra is supercommutative, whereas they are metaabelian and the notion of superscheme was first given ([7]) in terms of such, not necessarily homogeneous, subalgebras and quotients of supercommutative superalgebras. Recall that a ring M is said to be metaabelian if [a, [b, c]] = 0 for all a, b, c ∈M , where [a, b] = ab− ba. Volichenko showed (see [8]) that every metaabelian algebra can be realized as a nonhomogeneous subalgebra of a universal supercommutative superalgebra, called its supercommutative envelope. The purpose of this note it to construct an appropriate analog of differential operators on metaabelian algebras, more precisely, viewing a metaabelian algebra M as an analog of the algebra of functions, construct the corresponding algebra of vector fields. Lunts and Rosenberg ([9]) constructed algebras of differential operators on (graded) noncommutative algebras. In particular, one can study differential operators on superalgebras. Superderivations of a superalgebra, which are first order differential operators, form a Lie superalgebra. In a work aborted by his death, Volichenko gave a conjectural intrinsic description of nongraded subalgebras of Lie superalgebras. In his memory then, Leites and Serganova ([8]) called such subalgebras Volichenko algebras and (under a technical assumption) listed simple Volichenko algebras (finite dimensional and of vector fields). Like the list of simple
Disability and pap smear receipt among U.S. women, 2000 and 2005.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system.1 Most cases are associated with the sexually transmitted infection of strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV),2 making sexual activity the primary risk factor for developing cervical cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 27% of U.S. women aged 14–59, or 24.9 million women, are infected with HPV.3 In addition to being one of the most common reproductive cancers, cervical cancer is one of the most preventable. Preventive screening is most widely done with the Pap smear,4,5 which has been credited with reducing the cervical cancer mortality rate by an estimated 70% over the past 40 years.6 Despite this decline, as of 2002, cervical cancer remained the 10th leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women younger than 50.4 Most women who develop cervical cancer have not received screening as recommended by medical guidelines.4 Thus, identifying barriers to cervical cancer screening is critical to promoting the reproductive health of U.S. women. In this article, we focus on one potential barrier—having a disabling condition—and investigate the relationship between disability and Pap smear receipt. Approximately 20% of U.S. females aged 18–64 live with at least one disabling condition.7 Although preventive care is important for all, access to preventive services may be especially important for individuals with disabilities. Some researchers argue that because individuals with disabilities experience a “thinner margin of health,” they are more vulnerable than individuals without disabilities to significant medical problems.8,9 As research has highlighted that people with disabilities may have reduced access to health care, particularly preventive care,8,10 disability has emerged as an important dimension of inequality in discussions of health disparities. Indeed, in 2005, the surgeon general issued a call to “break down barriers to health and wellness for people with disabilities.”11 This article seeks to broaden our understanding of the connection between disability and U.S. women's receipt of Pap smears.
Symbiosis as an adaptive process and source of phenotypic complexity

Genomics has revealed that inheritance systems of separate species are often not well segregated: genes and capabilities that evolve in one lineage are often stably acquired by another lineage. Although direct gene transfer between species has occurred at some level in all major groups, it appears to be far more frequent in prokaryotes than in multicellular eukaryotes. An alternative to incorporating novel genes into a recipient genome is acquiring a stable, possibly heritable, symbiotic association and thus enjoying benefits of complementary metabolic capabilities. These kinds of symbioses have arisen frequently in animals; for example, many insect groups have diversified on the basis of symbiotic associations acquired early in their evolutionary histories. The resulting associations are highly complex, often involving specialized cell types and organs, developmental mechanisms that ensure transfer of symbionts between generations, and mechanisms for controlling symbiont proliferation and location. The genomes of long-term obligate symbionts often undergo irreversible gene loss and deterioration even as hosts evolve dependence on them. In some cases, animal genomes may have acquired genes from symbionts, mirroring the gene uptake from mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Multiple symbionts often coexist in the same host, resulting in coadaptation among several phylogenetically distant genomes.
MOLT OF THE GRAY VIREO

Abstract Using museum specimens, I document the molt cycles and molting grounds of the Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior). During prebasic molts, adult female Gray Vireos replace their primaries in 57 days, whereas adult males take 70 days; all body plumage is replaced during this molt. Prebasic molts occur almost exclusively on the breeding grounds; just 3 of 41 specimens replacing primaries were collected away from breeding grounds. No molting specimens were collected from wintering areas. Prealternate molt occurs on the wintering grounds, and appears limited to the replacement of innermost secondaries and a limited molt of body plumage. By performing prebasic molt on breeding grounds, the Gray Vireo differs from several other western breeding passerine species that use desert regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico to exploit late summer food resources. The areas of these southwestern desert regions used by other species form a small portion of the breeding grounds, and encompass the...
Contexts for Experience with Emotion, with Special Attention to Television

There are many events in everyday life that potentially involve emotion. Most of them represent opportunities for affect socialization. Usually, we think of these events as the face-to-face interactions in which children participate as principal actors. But a quick examination of how children actually spend their days readily reveals several other contexts in which they experience emotions themselves or see others’ emotions. I begin this chapter by presenting a typology for categorizing these contexts. After considering the utility of this approach, I turn to an extended discussion of one special context in which children experience their own and others’ emotions. It is television viewing, the pastime par excellence of American children, an activity that commands more of their time than attending school, interacting with parents, and playing with friends. To end the chapter, I present several propositions about how and when television operates in affect socialization, particularly in contrast to other affect socialization contexts that children encounter in their everyday lives.
Pugilism among Irish Travelers: cultural tradition and the fight bite injury.

The extant medical literature lacks a discussion of the cultural tradition of bare-knuckle boxing among Irish Travelers, which is pertinent to traumatology given the possible medical complications of this practice. This cultural tradition is a risk factor for a potentially dangerous injury known as a "fight bite". Irish Travelers are individuals belonging to nomadic families who originated in Ireland several centuries ago, and bare-knuckle boxing is a means by which a male Irish Traveler upholds his family's honor, as shown in the 2011 documentary film, Knuckle. Rival families or clans may hold grudges against one another for decades, and in response to taunts from a rival clan, which are sometimes posted on video-sharing websites such as YouTube, male Irish Travelers compete with each other in bare-knuckle boxing matches to settle the score. A fight bite is a clenched fist injury that occurs when one person strikes another person's mouth or when a fist is bitten directly, and such an injury can inoculate the site of penetration with bacteria or other infectious agents found in the human mouth. However, in the case of bare-knuckle boxing matches among Irish Travelers, a fighter's fist is less likely to be bitten because the matches are overseen by referees.... Language: en
Bio-based calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles for drug delivery applications

Targeted delivery of a cytotoxic drug using a drug delivery system could maximise the efficacy of the drug and reduce the side effects. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles are highly porous, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have pH-sensitive properties, which makes them good candidates for biological drug delivery systems. In this study, the nanoparticles were derived from egg shells and studied for their drug loading capacity and cytotoxicity, using human colon adenocarcinoma (SW480), and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay indicated a 50% cytotoxicity for SW480 cells at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml, but there was no cytotoxic effect observed in HDF cells at the same concentration. The anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and natural compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C) were loaded into CaCO3 nanoparticles and release profiles were studied. These results showed that the drugs can be loaded in CaCO3 nanoparticles and released efficiently. The drug loaded nanoparticles were more cytotoxic compared to the as-received drugs alone. The 5FU-loaded nanoparticles in pH 1.0, 5.0, and 7.4 yielded a total loading and release of 86.98 µg, 77.83 µg, and 162.60 µg respectively. Depending on the pH of the solution, up to 162.60 µg of 5-FU was loaded and released from 50 milligrams of the particles, whereas, up to 563.47 micrograms of I3C was loaded and released from similarly loaded particles. These preliminary results indicate the potential of bio-based CaCO3 nanoparticles in therapeutic applications.
Differences between lymphocytes of leukemic and non-leukemic patients with respect to morphologic features, motility, and sensitivity to guinea pig serum.

Observations were made on viable lymphocytes in 22 specimens of blood from 20 patients to test whether leukemic lymphocytes have distinctive characteristics. Special slide-chambers were used in this study. The features suggestive of leukemic lymphocytes were: large chromatin masses, prominent nucleoli, abnormal size of cells, flagella-like structures, reduced motility, and an increase in the sensitivity to inactivated guinea pig sera. An index summarizing these abnormal features selected correctly 9 blood specimens from 7 patients with chronic lymphocytic or lymphosarcoma-cell leukemia. Distinctive abnormalities of the living lymphocytes were not found in the blood of 3 patients who were diagnosed lymphosarcoma and had normal lymphocyte counts and some lymphosarcoma-cell lymphocytes in stained blood films. Blood lymphocytes from 8 patients with infectious mononucleosis, diabetes, hemochromatosis, and other diseases were correctly identified as non-leukemic. The findings obtained in this study indicate that viable leukemic lymphocytes are characterized by abnormal morphologic features, reduced motility, and increased sensitivity to heat-inactivated guinea pig sera.
Keynote Talk 1

This talk covers the original concept and technology of Autonomic Computing which was initiated by IBM in 2001. Although the Autonomic Computing initiative started a decade ago, it has been affecting ways of service delivery, infrastructure, and its architecture in a major way. The talk will elaborate on such influences of Autonomic Computing on the recent computing trends such as Grid Computing, Service Oriented Architecture, Cloud Computing, Cyber Physical Systems, and Smarter Planet. Moreover, it will also cover topics related to dependability. Short Biography Dr. Kazuo Iwano helps Mitsubishi Corporation as an advisor to develop new business opportunities based on information technology focusing on services and infrastructure in society. Before joining Mitsubishi Corporation in March 2012, he had been in IBM and engaged in Research and Development and Emerging Businesses. After graduating Tokyo University in Japan with Mathematics major, he joined IBM Japan in 1975. He acquired Ph. D. in Computer Science from Princeton University in 1987. He was Director of Tokyo Research Laboratory, IBM Research from 1995 to 2000. During his stay in T. J. Watson Research Center from 2000 to 2003, he was a key member of the Autonomic Computing initiative as Director of Autonomic Computing, IBM Research. He was also in charge of Emerging Business in IBM Asia Pacific and Japan from 2002 to 2003 focusing on Autonomic Computing and Grid Computing, and he was in charge of Yamato Software Development from 2003 to 2008. He was, then, in charge of Smarter Cities and Cloud Computing as VP of Smarter Cities CTO and VP, Future Value Creation Team from 2009 to March 2012. His research interest includes combinatorial optimization, cloud computing, and Cyber Physical Systems. He is a member of IEEE, ACM, and SIAM, a fellow of Information Processing Society of Japan since 2003, and an associated member of Science Council of Japan since 2004. He has been a visiting professor of Tokyo Institute of Technology since 2010.
Introduction: The new Orality: Oral characteristics of computer‐mediated communication

This paper considers the characteristics of orality and literacy developed in the work of scholars such as Walter Ong to consider computer‐mediated communication as the potential site of a “new orality” which is neither purely oral or literate in nature.
High-Brightness Plasmon-Enhanced Nanostructured Gold Photoemitter

Plasmonic nanohole arrays are fabricated in gold thin films by focused ion beam (FIB) lithography. Subsequent heat treatment creates sub 100 nm nanometric structures including tips, rods and flakes, all localized in the nanohole array region. The combined nanohole array and nanostructured surface comprise an efficient photoemitter. High brightness photoemission is observed from this construct using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), following 780 nm femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation. By comparing our observables to results of finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculations, we demonstrate that photoemission from the sub-100 nm structures is enhanced in the region of propagating surface plasmons launched from the nanohole arrays. Additionally, by tuning hole diameter and separation in the nanohole array, the photoemission intensity of nanostructured photoemitters can be controlled. We observe a photoemission enhancement of over 108, relative to photoemission from the flat region of the gold substrate at laser intensities well below the ablation threshold.
A study of a patient's "re-grief work." Through dreams, psychological tests and psychoanalysis.

This paper offers a detailed account of the short-term psychotherapy designed by the author and Showalter4 in 1967 to treat patients suffering from unresolved grief. For purposes of exposition we have offered the examination of one patient's course in re-griefing, with reference to sequential psychological evaluations and the analysis of a series of dreams which occurred during the therapeutic interval. This patient's election to undertake psychoanalysis provided further insights into what had been accomplished by the short-term psychotherapy focused specifically on loss and mourning.
Doing better and feeling worse: the political pathology of health policy.

According to the Great Equation, Medical Care equals Health. But the Great Equation is wrong. More available medical care does not equal better health. The best estimates are that the medical system (doctors, drugs, hospitals) affects about 10 percent of the usual indexes for measuring health: whether you live at all (infant mortality), how well you live (days lost due to sickness), how long you live (adult mortality). The remaining 90 percent are determined by factors over which doctors have little or no control, from individual life-style (smoking, exercise, worry), to social conditions (income, eating habits, physiological inheritance), to the physical environment (air and water quality). Most of the bad things that happen to people’s health are at present beyond the reach of medicine.
Fault detection and exclusion using solution separation and chi-squared ARAIM

This paper provides new integrity and continuity risk evaluation methods for fault detection and exclusion (FDE) using receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM). These methods are developed for both solution separation (SS) and Chi-squared RAIM: they capture the fact that exclusion enables continuity risk reduction in exchange for a higher integrity risk. The two approaches are implemented in an example advanced RAIM (ARAIM) application for worldwide vertical guidance of aircraft using multiconstellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).
Ploidy Variation and Viability of Aneuploid Ornamental Koi Carp Obtained by Crossing Triploid Females with Diploid Males

AbstractResults of crossing triploid females of ornamental koi, a variant of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, with diploid koi males in two consecutive spawning seasons (2014 and 2015) are presented. A total of seven progenies from six triploid females (one female was spawned twice) were produced and analyzed. The same as normal diploid females, triploid females were highly fertile and produced hundreds of thousands of eggs (up to 400,000 per female). Processes of embryo incubation and hatching of larvae in progenies obtained from triploid females proceeded normally; however, mass mortality of hatched larvae occurred at the swim-up stage. Nevertheless about 200,000 swim-up larvae were obtained and stocked for further rearing. A total of about 1,000 juveniles (or 0.5% of the number of stocked larvae) was collected from outdoor tanks. As expected, all analyzed larvae and juveniles in control progenies obtained by crosses of diploid females with diploid males were diploid. About 95% of analyzed fish (larvae and ...
Autonomous Sensitvity to Epigenetically Modified DNA is Encodable in a Structurally Conserved DNA-Binding Domain

Transcription factors with structurally homologous DNA-binding domains are conventionally thought to operate similar mechanisms of DNA site recognition, and instead derive their biological specificity from extrinsic interactions such as recruitment of partner proteins and post-translational modifications. The ETS superfamily of transcriptional factors, all of which share structurally conserved, eponymous DNA-binding domains but nonetheless regulate non-redundant genetic networks, exemplify this paradigmic view of eukaryotic gene regulation. Recent genomic studies have defined a hierarchy within the ETS family based on “pioneering” properties: the ability of some ETS-family homologs such as PU.1, but not others such as Ets-1, to autonomously bind nucleosomal and methylated DNA in vivo. To better understand this heterogeneity at a mechanistic level, we used fluorescence anisotropy to explicitly interrogate the recognition by the DNA-binding domains of these two ETS homologs for a single cognate DNA site harboring a defined CpG dinucleotide in which one, the other, or both cytosines have been methylated. We observed that while both ETS domains bind the unmethylated sequence with equally high affinity, they are differentially inhibited at mono-methylated sites in a position-dependent manner. Moreover, whereas PU.1 binds the di-methylated DNA site, Ets-1 is strongly inhibited. Our data indicate that sensitivity to methylated DNA is an intrinsic property of the ETS domain and, more generally, can be encoded into a structurally conserved DNA-binding domain without external control.
Task-Oriented Grasp Planning Based on Disturbance Distribution

One difficulty of task-oriented grasp planning is task modeling. In this paper, a manipulation task was modeled by building a non-parametric statistical distribution model from disturbance data captured during demonstrations. This paper proposes a task-oriented grasp quality criterion based on distribution of task disturbance and uses the criterion to search for a grasp that covers the most significant part of the disturbance distribution. To reduce the computational complexity of the search in a high-dimensional robotic hand configuration space, as well as to avoid a correspondence problem, the candidate grasps are computed from a reduced configuration space that is confined by a set of given thumb placements and thumb directions. The proposed approach has been validated with a Barrett hand and a Shadow hand on several objects in simulation. The resulting grasps in the evaluation generated by our approach increase the coverage of frequently-occurring disturbance rather than the coverage of a large area with a scattered distribution.