cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The economic consequences of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the United States.

Diabetes-related care and complications constitute a significant proportion of the United States’ (US) health care expenditure. Of these complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major component. Higher morbidity and mortality rates translate to higher costs of care in patients with diabetes compared to those who do not have the disease. Minorities bear a disproportionate burden of diabetes and CVD. We review this disparity and examine potential etiologies for it in Hispanics and African-Americans, the two largest minority groups in the US. We examine strategies in these populations that may improve outcomes in diabetes and CVD, potentially decreasing health care costs.
Economics And Forensics Of Fraud And Abuse By Tax-Exempt Religious Organizations Versus The First Amendment

This study focuses on the conflict between First Amendment rights of churches and religious organizations and the need by public authorities to investigate and regulate abuses of tax exemptions. The relative lack of accountability of religious organizations opens the door to a number of abusive schemes and scams. Table 1 shows that the IRS has attempted in recent years to improve its ability to enforce regulations pertaining to tax-exempt organizations. Table 2 shows that the number of Tax Exempt tax returns examined by the IRS has increased by 106% from 2005 to 2009, the number of examinations in 2009 still amounted to only 1.24% of returns filed. Table 3 shows that, at the state level, the number of prosecutions and legal actions taken in 2007 by states was a total of 513, just slightly more than 10 per state. Given the obstacles faced by Federal and state enforcement authorities, self-regulation and self-policing by charitable and tax-exempt organizations are likely to be the only way the faithful will receive additional protection against those who would use religion as a tool to mislead them and misappropriate their gifts.
Polyspermy Blocks in Fucoid Algae and the Occurrence of Polyspermy in Nature

The first block against polyspermy in eggs of fucoid algae is a sodium-dependent, electrical fast block (Robinson et al., 1981; Brawley, 1987, 1990, and in prep., see Fig. 1), similar to the electrical fast block initially discovered in the sea urchin egg by Jaffe (1976) and, subsequently, found in many animal phyla (Kline et al., 1985). At least one additional polyspermy block is present: cell wall formation, which is triggered by fertilization (Evans et al., 1982; Brawley & Bell, 1987; Brawley, 1990).
LANSCE nuclear science facilities and activities

Nuclear science activities at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) encompass measurements spanning the neutron energy range from thermal to 600 MeV. The neutron sources use spallation of the LANSCE 800 MeV pulsed proton beam with the time-of-flight technique to measure properties of neutron-induced reactions as a function of energy over this large energy range. Current experiments are conducted at the Lujan Center moderated neutron source, the unmoderated WNR target, and with a lead-slowing-down spectrometer. Instruments in use include the DANCE array of BaF{sub 2} scintillators for neutron capture studies, the FIGARO array of liquid scintillator neutron detectors, the GEANIE array of high-resolution HPGe x-ray and gamma-ray detectors, and a number of fission chambers, and other detectors. The LANL capabilities for production and handling of radioactive materials coupled with the neutron sources and detectors at LANSCE are enabling new and challenging measurements for a variety of applications including nuclear energy and nuclear astrophysics. An overview of recent research and examples of results is presented.
Abstract 120: Detection of acrolein-derived cyclic DNA adducts in human cells by monoclonal antibodies.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Acrolein (Acr) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant found in cigarette smoke and automobile exhaust. It can also be produced endogenously by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Acr-derived 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (Acr-dG) adducts in DNA are mutagenic lesions that are potentially involved in human cancers. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were raised against Acr-dG adducts and characterized using ELISA. They showed strong reactivity and specificity towards Acr-dG, weaker reactivity towards crotonaldehyde- and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-derived 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosines, and weak or no reactivity towards 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine, 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, and benzo(a)pyrene- and malondialdehdye-derived adducts. Using these novel antibodies, we developed assays to detect Acr-dG in vivo: First, a simple and quick FACS-based assay for detecting these adducts directly in cells; Second, a highly sensitive direct ELISA assay for measuring Acr-dG in cells and tissues using only one μg DNA; And third, a competitive ELISA for better quantitative measurement of Acr-dG levels in DNA. The assays were validated using Acr-treated HT29 cell DNA samples or calf thymus DNA and the results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS-MRM. An immunohistochemical assay was also developed to detect and visualize Acr-dG in HT29 cells as well as in human oral cells. These antibody-based methods provide useful tools for the studies of Acr-dG as a cancer biomarker and of the molecular mechanisms by which cells respond to Acr-dG as a ubiquitous DNA lesion. (This work was supported by NCI grant CA134892) Citation Format: Jishen Pan, Bisola Awoyemi, Zhuoli Xuan, Priya Vohra, Hsiang-Tsui Wang, Marcin Dyba, Emily Greenspan, Ying Fu, Karen Creswell, Lihua Zhang, Deborah Berry, Moon-Shong Tang, Fung-Lung Chung. Detection of acrolein-derived cyclic DNA adducts in human cells by monoclonal antibodies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 120. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-120
Scaffolded Antigens in Yeast Cell Particle Vaccines Provide Protection against Systemic Polyoma Virus Infection

Background. U65, a self-aggregating peptide scaffold, traps fused protein antigens in yeast cells. Conversion to Yeast Cell Particle (YCP) vaccines by partial removal of surface mannoproteins exposes β-glucan, mediating efficient uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). YCP vaccines are inexpensive, capable of rapid large-scale production and have potential for both parenteral and oral use. Results. YCP processing by alkaline hydrolysis exposes up to 20% of the glucan but converts scaffolded antigen and internal yeast proteins into a common aggregate, preventing selective yeast protein removal. For U65-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or U65-Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) subcutaneous vaccines, maximal IgG responses in mice required 10% glucan exposure. IgG responses to yeast proteins were 5-fold lower. Proteolytic mannoprotein removal produced YCPs with only 6% glucan exposure, insufficiently porous for selective removal of even native yeast proteins. Vaccine efficacy was reduced 10-fold. Current YCP formulations, therefore, are not suitable for human use but have considerable potential for use in feed animal vaccines. Significantly, a YCP vaccine expressing a GFP fusion to VP1, the murine polyoma virus major capsid protein, after either oral or subcutaneous administration, protected mice against an intraperitoneal polyoma virus challenge, reducing viral DNA levels in spleen and liver by >98%.
Photochemical Generation of a Tryptophan Radical within the Subunit Interface of Ribonucleotide Reductase

The Escherichia coli class Ia ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) achieves forward and reverse proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) over a pathway of redox active amino acids (β-Y122 ⇌ β-Y356 ⇌ α-Y731 ⇌ α-Y730 ⇌ α-C439) spanning ∼35 A and two subunits every time it turns over. We have developed photoRNRs that allow radical transport to be phototriggered at tyrosine (Y) or fluorotyrosine (FnY) residues along the PCET pathway. We now report a new photoRNR in which photooxidation of a tryptophan (W) residue replacing Y356 within the α/β subunit interface proceeds by a stepwise ET/PT (electron transfer then proton transfer) mechanism and provides an orthogonal spectroscopic handle with respect to radical pathway residues Y731 and Y730 in α. This construct displays an ∼3-fold enhancement in photochemical yield of W• relative to F3Y• and a ∼7-fold enhancement relative to Y•. Photogeneration of the W• radical occurs with a rate constant of (4.4 ± 0.2) × 105 s–1, which obeys a Marcus correlation for radical generat...
Preschool Screening: The School Psychologist's Perspective.

Preschool assessment is seen as a continuum consisting of five phases. School psychologists have traditionally entered during the diagnostic phase while their contributions during the screening pha...
Assistive Technology in Capstone Engineering Design

We describe a systematic approach used in integrating design for assistive technologies into an engineering capstone design course. Due to its mild winter weather, advanced healthcare facilities and affordable living costs, South Florida, attracts many seniors who, even in their advanced years, value the freedom of living at home over the safety of a nursing home. Assistive technologies, therefore, become crucial to their daily living. The instructors of the Computer and Electrical Engineering programs at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) have redeveloped the capstone design courses to include projects aimed at improving the physical and mental capabilities of senior citizens. Through this unique experience, the university prepares students for their engineering practice while enhancing their social awareness. In this paper, we present an overview of the capstone course sequence offered at FAU and provide detailed description of sample projects.
Effects of Clinician-Guided Emergent Literacy Intervention Using Interactive Tablet Technology for Preschool Children With Cochlear Implants

The purpose of this study was to investigate if intervention based on a mobile application would improve the print knowledge and vocabulary of preschool children with and without hearing loss. This...
Neural Correlates of the Binaural Masking Level Difference in Human Frequency-Following Responses

The binaural masking level difference (BMLD) is an auditory phenomenon where binaural tone-in-noise detection is improved when the phase of either signal or noise is inverted in one of the ears (SπNo or SoNπ, respectively), relative to detection when signal and noise are in identical phase at each ear (SoNo). Processing related to BMLDs and interaural time differences has been confirmed in the auditory brainstem of non-human mammals; in the human auditory brainstem, phase-locked neural responses elicited by BMLD stimuli have not been systematically examined across signal-to-noise ratio. Behavioral and physiological testing was performed in three binaural stimulus conditions: SoNo, SπNo, and SoNπ. BMLDs at 500 Hz were obtained from 14 young, normal-hearing adults (ages 21–26). Physiological BMLDs used the frequency-following response (FFR), a scalp-recorded auditory evoked potential dependent on sustained phase-locked neural activity; FFR tone-in-noise detection thresholds were used to calculate physiological BMLDs. FFR BMLDs were significantly smaller (poorer) than behavioral BMLDs, and FFR BMLDs did not reflect a physiological release from masking, on average. Raw FFR amplitude showed substantial reductions in the SπNo condition relative to SoNo and SoNπ conditions, consistent with negative effects of phase summation from left and right ear FFRs. FFR amplitude differences between stimulus conditions (e.g., SoNo amplitude–SπNo amplitude) were significantly predictive of behavioral SπNo BMLDs; individuals with larger amplitude differences had larger (better) behavioral B MLDs and individuals with smaller amplitude differences had smaller (poorer) behavioral B MLDs. These data indicate a role for sustained phase-locked neural activity in BMLDs of humans and are the first to show predictive relationships between behavioral BMLDs and human brainstem responses.
Horizontal Surveillance and Therapeutic Governance of Institutionalized Girls

Whether the girls’ contact and entry into the juvenile justice system is facilitated by family power struggles is not the concern of the institutions that incarcerate them. In the institution’s logic, the girls’ presence in the juvenile justice system is due to a lack of appropriate cultural values; thus this understanding serves the basis for how the institution regulates (‘rehabilitates’) them. Institutions serve as the locality at which the molding of citizens occurs. Previous research on how power is enacted through institutional practices provides insights about the significance of these sites in shaping citizen-subjects. Social institutions reproduce citizens and citizenship status through processes of attempting to impose dominant societal meanings/discourses (Cruikshank 1999; Garland 1997; Glenn 2002; Foucault 1965, 1977, 1978, 1983, 1988; Rose 1988). These meanings are represented in an institution’s logic, as reflected in documents, programs, policies, and daily practices.
HDL3: A MARKER OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE SEVERITY AND INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS ON STATIN THERAPY

Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and inflammation are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). There are very limited data evaluating the role of HDL sub-particles HDL2 and HDL3 for assessing severity of CAD in patients on statin and 325mg/day aspirin therapy. We aim to identify if
Electrochemical Interphases for High-Energy Storage Using Reactive Metal Anodes

ConspectusStable electrochemical interphases play a critical role in regulating transport of mass and charge in all electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems. In state-of-the-art rechargeable lithium ion batteries, they are rarely formed by design but instead spontaneously emerge from electrochemical degradation of electrolyte and electrode components. High-energy secondary batteries that utilize reactive metal anodes (e.g., Li, Na, Si, Sn, Al) to store large amounts of charge by alloying and/or electrodeposition reactions introduce fundamental challenges that require rational design in order to stabilize the interphases. Chemical instability of the electrodes in contact with electrolytes, morphological instability of the metal–electrolyte interface upon plating and stripping, and hydrodynamic-instability-induced electroconvection of the electrolyte at high currents are all known to cause metal electrode–electrolyte interfaces to continuously evolve in morphology, uniformity, and composition. Additiona...
Algorithms and Experimental Results

The high-level bounding strategy presented in the last three chapters gives rise to a wide range of specific bounding algorithms. One goal of this chapter is to illustrate the use of the fairly abstract theoretical results from chapters four and five in constructing a detailed algorithm. The algorithms presented here represent only a small sample of conceivable ones. A second goal of this chapter is to verify earlier claims of efficiency and performance with experimental evidence. Simple bounding algorithms are derived and used to analyze small circuits. The results are used to estimate the potential performance of sophisticated bounding algorithms.
The Effects of the Benthic Fauna on the Physical Properties of Deep-Sea Sediments

Benthic invertebrates are known to rework and modify sediments mechanically through such activities as burrowing, tube building and deposit feeding. The results are a variety of identifiable structures which are abundant both at the sediment-water interface and preserved in deeper layers. These “Lebensspuren” are always common in sediments, except where sedimentation rates or other physical processes have obscured them.
Pharmacology of adult ADHD with stimulants.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong condition that begins in childhood and continues with adult manifestations related to the core symptoms. Approximately 50% to 75% of children with ADHD continue to meet criteria for the disorder as adolescents and adults. Adults with the disorder increasingly present to primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and other practitioners for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the diagnosis of ADHD in adults requires knowledge of age-dependent decline of symptoms over time. Retrospective recall of symptoms and impairment are valid methods of diagnosing the disorder. ADHD is also a brain disorder with a strong neurobiologic basis, complex etiology, and genetic component. Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities give rise to abnormalities in the brain and subsequent behavioral and cognitive deficits, which may produce the symptoms associated with ADHD. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of ADHD have provided evidence that abnormalities in the brain are caused by the disorder itself rather than treatment of the disorder. Psychiatric comorbidity is common among patients with ADHD and tends to complicate treatment. Acute and long-term use of long-acting stimulant formulations (methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds) have shown robust efficacy and tolerability consistent with the treatment response established in children with ADHD. Non-stimulant medications have demonstrated efficacy as well, and may be preferred in patients with tic and substance use disorders.In this expert roundtable supplement, Timothy E. Wilens, MD, reviews the epidemiology and clinical presentation of adult ADHD. Next, Joseph Biederman, MD, provides an overview of recent advances in the neurobiology of ADHD. Thomas J. Spencer, MD, reviews stimulant treatment of adult ADHD, and Lenard A. Adler concludes with a discussion of non-stimulant trials in adult ADHD.
Dental microwear textures across cheek teeth in canids: Implications for dietary studies of extant and extinct canids

Abstract Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) has been instrumental in reconstructing dietary ecology of extinct and extant carnivorans. Current sampling methods for canids focus on lower second molars (m2), where the grinding of flesh and bone captures dental microwear indicative of diet. However, dental microwear on other biomechanically analogous grinding facets (i.e. the talonid basin on the lower carnassial, m1) might be comparable and could help dramatically increase sample sizes of fossil specimens, as carnassials are more frequently recovered and identifiable than lower m2s. Here, we quantify the degree to which dental microwear textures between grinding facets on lower first and second molars are similar in two species of extant canids, coyotes (Canis latrans) and gray wolves (Canis lupus). Casts of paired m1s and m2s for each individual were sampled from museum collections and analyzed for three microwear parameters that correlate with diet in carnivorans: anisotropy, complexity, and textural fill volume. Within wolves, the m1 talonid and m2 are indistinguishable in all DMTA parameters. In coyotes, grinding facets of the m1 talonid and m2 are indistinguishable in complexity and textural fill volume, but anisotropy values of m1s are significantly lower than those of m2s. Differences in anisotropy between species were unlikely to be driven by biomechanical shifts in bite force between the m1 talonid and m2, but could stem from a combination of subtle morphological variation and intra-tooth variation. Overall, these data suggest that regions across molars with similar functions yield similar dental microwear textures. Finally, to demonstrate the effect of increased sample size, we show how the combination of DMTA data from lower m1 talonids and lower m2s of the hypocarnivorous Phlaocyonini canids from the John Day Formation of eastern Oregon, USA, alters the size and shape, but not position, of their reconstructed dietary “niche” space and hence interpretations about dietary behavior.
Current trends in the interventional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A cross-sectional survey of transarterial embolization techniques.

e15627Background: Since two randomized controlled trials demonstrated the superiority of Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to supportive care, it has been a mainstay of treatment for unresecta...
Do Vaccines Cause Asthma

Natural infection with influenza can contribute to asthma exacerbation. Thus, influenza vaccine prevents asthma exacerbation by protecting against natural infection. Influenza vaccines do not cause asthma or asthma exacerbation. Other vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S. have not been shown to cause asthma or asthma exacerbation.
ParchMint: A Microfluidics Benchmark Suite

Continuous-flow based microfluidic laboratory-on-a-chip (LoC) devices have gained traction in recent years for their ability to automate biological experiments at micro and nano-liter scales. While the design automation algorithms for these devices have been maturing, there has yet to be any work to create a benchmark suite to enable the analysis of algorithmic quality or the exchange of device designs between researchers. We propose ParchMint, a new standard interchange format for continuous-flow based microfluidic LoCs and an associated set of benchmarks.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula: Clinically Speaking, Is There Really a Difference?

Historically, oxygen nasal cannulae are used as a therapy to increase arterial oxygenation in patients who are hypoxemic. In the neonatal practice, oxygen flows of >2 L/min and of >4 L/min in the pediatric patient have seldom been used due to the potential for excessive drying of the nasal mucosae
Instantaneous, stepped-frequency, nonlinear radar

Researchers have recently developed radar systems capable of exploiting non-linear target responses to precisely locate targets in range. These systems typically achieve the bandwidth necessary for range resolution through transmission of either a stepped-frequency or chirped waveform. The second harmonic of the reflected waveform is then analyzed to isolate the non-linear target response. In other experiments, researchers have identified certain targets through the inter-modulation products they produce in response to a multi-tone stimulus. These experiments, however, do not exploit the phase information available in the inter-modulation products. We present a method for exploiting both the magnitude and phase information available in the inter-modulation products to create an “instantaneous” stepped frequency, non-linear target response. The new approach enables us to both maintain the unambiguous range dictated by the fundamental, multi-tone separation and obtain the entire target signature from a single transmitted waveform.
Legal Realist Innovation in the Wisconsin Law School Curriculum 1950-1970: Four Influential Introductory Courses

This paper is about four courses developed by faculty of the Wisconsin Law School from about 1950-1970 that reflected the law-in-action instructional goals of American legal realism: Legal history by Willard Hurst; Criminal Justice Administration by Frank Remington, Herman Goldstein and colleagues; The Wisconsin contracts course by Stewart Macaulay, Bill Whitford and colleagues; Legal Process by Willard Hurst, Lloyd Garrison, Carl Auerbach and colleagues. Eight themes in the courses are discussed: 1. Major flaws in the legal reasoning of appellate decisions (e.g., as internally incoherent, un-predictive of later results, politically biased under the guise of formal reasoning) 2, The importance of practical remedies over theoretical rights 3. The importance of legal agencies and law practice beyond appellate and other court decisions (e.g., legislation, administrative law) 4. The importance and impact of discretionary decisions of lower level public officials (for lawyers and citizens) 5, How private actors react to law and influence outcomes (and the role of lawyers in advising them) 6. Growth of legal policies over time in relationship to the wider society & economy (legal history) 7. The gap between social needs and justice and real legal outcomes and workable legal reforms (political progressivism) 8. The importance of empirical research on law, interdisciplinary research and social scientists on law school faculties or in collaboration with law faculty members.
Radiometric calibration of range-Doppler radar data

We generally desire to relate radar data values to the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of a radar target echo. This is essential to selecting proper gain values in a radar receiver, maintaining dynamic range, and to properly interpret the resulting data and data products. Ultimately, this impacts proper radar design. We offer herein a basic analysis of relevant concepts and calculations to properly calibrate a monostatic radar’s echoes with respect to RCS, and to select appropriate receiver gain values.
Schlussfolgerungen und Forschungsinteresse

Sind erfahrungsnahe Narrationen ein passgenaues Mittel, um narrative stellvertretende Erfahrungen, Selbstwirksamkeit und infolgedessen gesundheitsforderliche Verhaltensintentionen zu starken? Wenn ja, unter welchen Voraussetzungen kann ein solcher Einfluss stattfinden? Diese Fragen stehen im Mittelpunkt der dargelegten theoretischen Ausfuhrungen. Grundsatzlich sprechen theoretische und empirische Erkenntnisse dafur, dass ein solcher Zusammenhang plausibel ist und durch bestimmte Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Allerdings liegen zu spezifischen Teilzusammenhangen auch zahlreiche Forschungslucken vor, die eine empirische Analyse erfordern.
Trends in the Use of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer in the United States.

Importance Stereotactic body radiotherapy is a hypofractionated, cost-effective treatment option for localized prostate cancer. Objective To characterize US national trends and the clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used data collected by the National Cancer Database to assess the clinical and socioeconomic factors among 106 926 men diagnosed as having prostate cancer from 2010 to 2015 who underwent definitive radiotherapy and the trends in the use of this therapy. The initial analysis was performed between January and February 2018, with final updates performed August 2019. Exposure Stereotactic body radiotherapy, defined as 5 fractions of radiotherapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Temporal trends and clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with stereotactic body radiotherapy use. Results In total, 106 926 patients diagnosed as having localized prostate cancer between 2010 and 2015 and receiving definitive radiotherapy were identified. White patients composed 77.3% of this cohort, whereas black patients composed 18.7%. Government-issued insurance was used by 61.2% of patients. More than 80% of patients had a Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index score of 0 (range, 0 to ≥3, with lower numbers indicating fewer comorbidities). In the study population, 25.7% had low-risk disease; 26.3%, favorable intermediate-risk disease; 23.3%, unfavorable intermediate-risk disease; and 24.7%, high-risk disease. The proportion of patients who underwent radiotherapy and received stereotactic body radiotherapy (a total of 5395 patients) increased from 3.1% in 2010 to 7.2% in 2015 (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33-0.40;P Conclusions and Relevance This study found that stereotactic body radiotherapy use in prostate cancer more than doubled from 2010 to 2015 but accounted for less than 10% of all patients undergoing radiotherapy. Androgen deprivation therapy use increased with disease risk among patients overall, regardless of receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy. Socioeconomic and clinical determinants of stereotactic body radiotherapy included risk category, Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index score, facility type and location, income, race/ethnicity, and year of diagnosis. These results are hypothesis generating; further studies evaluating potential disparities in stereotactic body radiotherapy use in localized prostate cancer are warranted.
REDUCING READMISSIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE USING MOBILE INTEGRATED HEALTH PARAMEDICS: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

The incidence of early hospital readmissions after discharge for heart failure (HF) remains high nationwide. Community paramedics can provide assessment and acute medical interventions in the home environment. We assessed the feasibility of a Mobile Integrated Health Paramedic (MIHP) program for
Effective Resistance of Finite Two-Dimensional Grids Based on Infinity Mirror Technique

Conventional numerical circuit analysis tools typically scale superlinearly with the number of nodes. With the rapid increase in nodes in modern VLSI systems, alternative methods are required. The effective resistance is an important characteristic of electrical systems, which is used to simplify the circuit analysis process. An infinite resistive rectangular mesh is commonly assumed in the analysis of grid structures to determine the effective resistance of a grid. The assumption of infinity provides a useful approximation when a large grid is analyzed far from the boundaries. If however the grid is analyzed in close proximity to a boundary or if the grid dimensions are small, the assumption of infinity may lead to significant error. To address this issue, the infinity mirror technique is proposed to determine the effective resistance of a two-dimensional structure, where one or both dimensions are finite. The method exhibits good agreement with nodal analysis, achieving an error below 1% in case studies. The proposed expressions enhance the speed of static grid analysis by several orders of magnitude by replacing computationally expensive nodal analysis with an equivalent reduced grid analysis. A 1,400 fold speedup is achieved in the analysis of 100 nodes within a $10^{3}\times 10^{4}$ grid.
Natural and synthetic potential inhibitors of endoribonuclease Nsp15 encoded by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Computer modeling in silico experiments. p-coumaric acid, Curcumin and their Boronic acid derivatives compared to Hydroxychloroquine and its Boronic acid derivative.

Based on the structural and biochemical characterization of endoribonuclease Nsp15 in crystal structure, I am providing probable inhibitors of this enzyme. In this report I intent to signal that is possible to inhibit these enzymes by the use of naturaral occurring compound and their boronic acid derivatives, compounds with boronate B(OH)2 groups. Boronic acids are atracted to serine side chains in the active site of serine proteases. Actual lab tests need to be conducted, nevertheless I venture here to propose four compounds: p-coumaric acid, Curcumin and their boronic acid derivatives with the use of computer modeling. I used AutoDock Vina, UCSF Chimera 1.12, DeepView / Swiss-Pdb Viewer, Sulp3.0, PubChem, MDL Isis Draw 2.5, OpenBabelGUI 2.2.3, and Microsoft word pad. As hardware I used a VAIO loptop with Intel Core i5 with Window 8.0, and a Dell loptop Inspiron E 1405 with an Intel Core Duo with Windows Xp.
Coupled Fixed Point Problem in Abstract Convex Spaces

We establish some existence results for a generalized coupled coincidence point problem (for short, (GCCP)) in abstract convex spaces. The solvability of the GCCP is presented by using our KKM theory. Also, we derive the results on coupled coincidence points and coupled fixed points, which were studied by Lakshmikantham and Ciric, Amini-Harandi, and Mitrovic.
Short and long sleeping mutants reveal links between sleep and macroautophagy

Sleep is a conserved and essential behavior, but its mechanistic and functional underpinnings remain poorly defined. Through unbiased genetic screening in Drosophila, we discovered a novel short-sleep mutant we named argus. Positional cloning and subsequent complementation, CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out, and RNAi studies identified Argus as a transmembrane protein that acts in adult peptidergic neurons to regulate sleep. argus mutants accumulate undigested Atg8a(+) autophagosomes, and genetic manipulations impeding autophagosome formation suppress argus sleep phenotypes, indicating that autophagosome accumulation drives argus short-sleep. Conversely, a blue cheese neurodegenerative mutant that impairs autophagosome formation was identified independently as a gain-of-sleep mutant, and targeted RNAi screens identified additional genes involved in autophagosome formation whose knockdown increases sleep. Finally, autophagosomes normally accumulate during the daytime and nighttime sleep deprivation extends this accumulation into the following morning, while daytime gaboxadol feeding promotes sleep and reduces autophagosome accumulation at nightfall. In sum, our results paradoxically demonstrate that wakefulness increases and sleep decreases autophagosome levels under unperturbed conditions, yet strong and sustained upregulation of autophagosomes decreases sleep, whereas strong and sustained downregulation of autophagosomes increases sleep. The complex relationship between sleep and autophagy suggested by our findings may have implications for pathological states including chronic sleep disorders and neurodegeneration, as well as for integration of sleep need with other homeostats, such as under conditions of starvation.
Fitting growth models to otolith increments to reveal time-varying growth

Identifying changes in fish growth is important for accurate scientific advice used for fisheries management, because environmental change is affecting fish growth and size-at-age is a critical com...
Pitching the Big Tent of Corporate Citizenship: Reconciling Kent Greenfield’s Humanist Corporate Personhood with an Enlightened Shareholder Primacy

Debate over the corporation’s proper role in society and its responsibilities to the public has recently taken center stage in American popular discourse. Against this background, Kent Greenfield’s Corporations are People Too, and They Should Act Like It offers timely and discerning guidance for making sense of the corporation’s status from the perspective of contemporary American legal doctrine. Greenfield claims the controversial notion of “corporate personhood” from the conservative right and champions it for the progressive left. Greenfield’s formulation presents corporate personhood and corporate citizenship as the foil to shareholder primacy. This symposium response offers an alternative framing that leverages corporate citizenship as a broad conceptual umbrella with the potential to reconcile a self-aware and socially conscious construction of the corporation that Greenfield advances with the interests of today’s “enlightened shareholders”. Such an approach to corporate citizenship can move us closer to the desired outcome of better aligning corporate decision-making with a broader public interest.
Biochemical Surface Modification

This chapter discusses the chemical side of surface modification with an emphasis on surface functionalization for electrodes used in biosensors. To continue the discussion of the last chapter, it presents two different approaches for the functionalization of surfaces modified morphologically with standing nanopillars. The first approach uses a conducting polymer to entrap enzymes to the surface through electrodeposition, and the second approach uses self-assembled monolayer alkanethiols to tether enzymes to the surface. In each approach, case studies are presented with full procedural details to showcase how the surfaces modified with nanopillars can be optimally functionalized through the tuning of relevant processing parameters. To make it easier to follow, this chapter embeds the basic knowledge of electrochemistry (e.g., amperometry, cyclic voltammetry, impedimetry, and enzymatic kinetics, etc.) throughout the text as information in-need or on-demand. From a sensing-element perspective, two types of molecules are discussed: catalytic enzyme molecules (e.g., glucose oxidase) and affinity-binding molecules (e.g., avidin-biotin couple). Through three example cases this chapter also discusses operations of biosensors in terms of target detection, signal measurement, data analysis, and quantification of detection sensitivity through calibration.
How collective intelligence emerge in complex environment

In this paper we analyze a simple adaptive model of competition called the Minority Game, which is used in analyzing competitive phenomena in markets. The Minority Game consists of many simple autonomous agents, and self-organization occurs as a result of simple behavior rules. Up to now, the dynamics of this game have been studied from various angles, but so far the focus has been on the macroscopic behavior of all the agents as a whole. We are interested in the mechanisms involved in collaborative behavior among multiple agents, so we focused our attention on the behavior of individual agents. In this paper, we suggest that the core elements responsible for forming self-organization are: (i) the rules place a good constraint each agent’s behavior, and (ii) there is a rule that leads to indirect coordination. Moreover, we tried to solve the El Farol’s bar problem based our suggestions.
The Impacts of Highway Expansion on Population Change: An Integrated Spatial Approach

The effects of highways on transforming human society and promoting population change have been investigated in several disciplines, including geography, sociology, economics, and planning. Currently, the primary highway construction activity in the nation is highway expansion; however, this expansion has not been the focus of much of the existing literature. This research examines the role that highway expansion plays in the process of population change. Specifically, this research proposes an integrated spatial regression approach to study the impacts of highway expansion on population change in the 1980s and 1990s in Wisconsin at the minor civil division level. The integrated approach thoroughly considers the factors that influence population change, appropriately examines the spatial variations of their impacts, simultaneously incorporates spatial lag and spatial error dependence, and systematically selects the optimal neighborhood structure. The findings suggest that the impacts of highway expansion on population change differ across rural, suburban, and urban areas: There are only indirect effects in rural areas, both direct and indirect effects in suburban areas, and no statistically significant effects in urban areas. Overall, highway expansion serves as a facilitator of population change within the framework of growth pole theory and location theory.
Beliefs of Service Providers about Abused Women and Abusing Men

Four years ago Melinda did seek help. First she went to a doctor who gave her tranquilizers to calm her and stop her hysteria. Next she went to a priest who explained the importance of patience and toler ance: her husband was simply in secure and frustrated, he needed her support and forgiveness. Once she called the police who respond ed by asking her husband to take a walk around the block to calm
Observant, nonaggressive temperament predicts theory‐of‐mind development

Temperament dimensions influence children's approach to and participation in social interactive experiences which reflect and impact children's social understandings. Therefore, temperament differences might substantially impact theory of mind development in early childhood. Using longitudinal data, we report that certain early temperament characteristics (at age 3)--lack of aggressiveness, a shy-withdrawn stance to social interaction, and social-perceptual sensitivity--predict children's more advanced theory-of-mind understanding two years later. The findings contribute to our understanding of how theory of mind develops in the formative preschool period; they may also inform debates as to the evolutionary origins of theory of mind.
Magnetization in Tape-Wound cores

In recent years it has been noted in several phases of the electronics industry that advanced engineering developments follow the developments in related components. As a more extensive knowledge of the components and their operation becomes commonplace among engineers, their application becomes greatly accelerated. An example of this is found in the technology of thermionic devices, where the knowledge of electron dynamics led from the vacuum tube to the cathode-ray tube, the photo multiplier, the traveling-wave tube, and a host of other components. Also, in a few short years we have seen advances in the knowledge of semiconductors lead from the dry-disk rectifier to more advanced semiconductor junction rectifiers, transistors, and other components, which seem to be increasing in number almost monthly.
One year treatment with haloperidol or clozapine fails to alter neostriatal D1- and D2-dopamine receptor sensitivity in the rat

Abstract Rats were treated continuously with either haloperidol (HAL), clozapine (CLOZ) or tap water for one year. There were no differences between age-matched control and antipsychotic drug (APD) treated groups regarding the effects of the D1-agonist (+)-SKF 38393 or the D2-agonist quinpirole on striatal cAMP content. However, the combination of SKF (10 μM) and quinpirole (1 μM) produced a marked synergistic response in HAL-treated animals as compared to controls. Our data fail to support the hypothesis that APD produce their neurological side effects by inducing D2-receptor hypersensitivity in the basal ganglia. However, the results do suggest that chronic APD treatment alters the interaction between D1- and D2-neostriatal receptors.
A Description of a Male-Focused Breastfeeding Promotion Corporate Lactation Program:

The role of the father has been identified as one of the strongest influences on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding by mothers in the United States. This report describes a corporate lactation program that focuses on promoting breastfeeding through male employees. Since 1990, a full-time on-site lactation program has been offered to male employees at the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, a public utility company. The male program participants are from diverse backgrounds. Participation in the Fathering Program has grown since 1990 based on word of mouth, fathers' interest in the benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, and the female partners' interest in getting a free pump rental. This report illustrates the viability of a breastfeeding support program that targets male employees and that is offered in a corporate setting.
Effect of viscosity on collective zener tunneling in charge density wave systems

The theory of Caldeira and Leggett on tunneling in the presence of viscous dissipation is extended and applied to the problem of collective Zener tunneling in quasi onedimensional charge density wave systems recently proposed by Bardeen. A finite bounce time is introduced and used as a variational parameter. Zener tunneling is given a real space formulation. The effective electric field dependent viscosity of the electrons is evaluated within the concept of the weakly pinned phase condensate. It is found that a strong coupling limit is realized where the coupling constant α is the ratio of Froehlich mass to band mass. The distance over which the electric field is effective in accelerating the Fermi sea is found to decrease by a factor of (2α)1/2 compared to the dissipationless case. This implies a corresponding increase in the activation field strengthE 0 in Zener's expressionP=exp(−E 0/E) for the tunneling probability. The new length appearing in the tunneling exponent seems to agree with the phase coherence length of a charge density wave pinned by weak impurities. Comparison to Maki's mechanism for depinning the charge density wave by solition pair creation is also made.
Micro Cameras Capable of Multiple Viewpoint Imaging Utilizing Photoresist Microlens Arrays

We present micro cameras that provide multiple viewpoint imaging from one single image capture and without moving the camera. The micro cameras are based on lightfield photography where the camera captures the 4-D lightfield and images it onto a 2-D charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor through the use of a microlens array. The microlens array was fabricated using the photoresist reflow process. Two micro cameras were realized. One camera has a 15.2-mm aperture, a 97 × 97 microlens array of 230-μm pitch size, and a 1-megapixel CCD and is capable of 100 different viewpoints with a viewing angle of approximately 20°. The other camera has a 9-mm aperture, a 56 × 42 microlens array of 80-μm pitch size, and a 5-megapixel CCD and is capable of around 1000 different viewpoints with a viewing angle of approximately 4.7°. The resolution of the images rendered from the two cameras is 97 × 97 and 56 × 42 pixels, respectively.
KNOTTED URETERAL STENT: A MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR REMOVAL

AbstractPurpose: We describe a useful technique for untying a knotted ureteral catheter.Materials and Methods: An Amplatz super stiff guide wire was advanced through the lumen of the stent and with uniform force the knot was untied.Results: The knot was untied and the stent was removed. A nephrostomy tube or other more invasive techniques for removal were avoided.Conclusions: An Amplatz super stiff guide wire passed retrograde via the ureteral stent lumen should be considered as a valid alternative to percutaneous removal of a knotted ureteral stent.
The Effects of Religious Orientation on Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Helping Behaviors

Abstract The relation between religiosity and helping behavior was examined in 70 college age adults. Religiosity was assessed using the Religious Orientation Scale, which measures whether individuals' religiosity is internally or externally motivated, and by Batson's Quest Scale, which measures the extent that individuals view their religiosity as a quest. Helping behavior was assessed by reports of volunteer work (nonspontaneous) and also by responses to a solicitation from a confederate for help on a task (spontaneous). The results indicated that individuals who adopt an intrinsic religious orientation prefer nonspontaneous helping opportunities, while those who adopt a quest approach prefer spontaneous helping behaviors. Social desirability had little impact on the relation between religiosity and helping behavior.
Attenuation-corrected fluorescence spectra unmixing for spectroscopy and microscopy

In fluorescence measurements, light is often absorbed and scattered by a sample both for excitation and emission, resulting in the measured spectra to be distorted. Conventional linear unmixing methods computationally separate overlapping spectra but do not account for these effects. We propose a new algorithm for fluorescence unmixing that accounts for the attenuation-related distortion effect on fluorescence spectra. Using a matrix representation, we derive forward measurement formation and a corresponding inverse method; the unmixing algorithm is based on nonnegative matrix factorization. We also demonstrate how this method can be extended to a higher-dimensional tensor form, which is useful for unmixing overlapping spectra observed under the attenuation effect in spectral imaging microscopy. We evaluate the proposed methods in simulation and experiments and show that it outperforms a conventional, linear unmixing method when absorption and scattering contributes to the measured signals, as in deep tissue imaging.
How Thin was Philitas

The poet Philitas was so thin, they say, that he had to wear lead weights on his shoes to avoid being blown away by a gust of wind. We have two versions of the anecdote. First Aelian, Varia Historia 9.14: