cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stable solutions of trypsin.

Abstract Unbuffered solutions of trypsin remain stable for many weeks if kept in a refrigerator. Even at 30 °C. Armour's trypsin may remain fully active for a week if it is dissolved in distilled water and kept sterile. Enzyme preparations from different suppliers vary in their acidity. The more acid preparation liberates enough acid in unbuffered solution to stabilize its own activity at the resulting low pH. Under nonsterile conditions the pH of unbuffered solutions eventually increases with a concomitant decrease in activity. This pH change can be used as a rough indicator of the loss of trypsin activity.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery: an emerging technique.

Background: Some surgeons are finding that the placement of one hand in the abdomen during laparoscopic procedures returns tactile feedback lost during purely laparoscopic surgery and facilitates dissection, retraction, and control of bleeding. Studies comparing patient postoperative discomfort after laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic procedures have not found a significant difference. Methods: This article is a review of the current literature on hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery and of the different hand-assisted devices on the market. Included in the review are opinions of expert laparoscopic surgeons who have used hand-assisted devices. Results: More than 100 hand-assisted laparoscopic procedures have been described in the literature. At least four different companies are involved in hand-assisted laparoscopic devices. Three of these companies currently are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved in the United States. Conclusions: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery is not necessary for all laparoscopic procedures. Hand-assisted laparoscopic technique is advantageous for certain procedures and clinical situations such as en bloc resections and removal of solid organ tumors, large colon tumors, and the kidney after donor nephrectomy. This technique offers benefits when a large incision is necessary to complete surgery such an open colon anastomosis.
The role of the elution in antibody investigations.

BACKGROUND: The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) commonly detects immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules or complement fragments on the red blood cell (RBC) surface. If IgG antibodies are present then elution procedures can be performed to identify the specificity of these antibodies. Our reference laboratory performs elutions on the RBCs of those patients who have received cellular blood products in the past 30 days and have either a newly identified positive DAT with anti-IgG or the agglutination strength is increased over a previous DAT and if ordered by a clinician regardless of transfusion history. This study questioned how frequently elutions contributed novel serologic information under our reference laboratory's current policy or whether elutions should be performed in more selective serologic conditions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Recipients whose RBCs underwent eluate testing were identified from the blood bank's database and information about the antecedent DAT and antibody detection test and eluate was recorded. RESULTS: In total 648 eluates were evaluated and 82 of 648 (12.7%) revealed a novel antibody not present in the serum (an informative eluate). In 2 of 82 informative eluates non–anti-A/B alloantibodies that were not present in the serum were detected: one example each of anti-D and anti-E. Both were associated with a microscopically positive antecedent DAT. The rate of an informative eluate was higher when the antibody detection test was negative. CONCLUSION: The strength of the DAT does not indicate the likelihood of an informative eluate. Performing an eluate when the antibody detection test is positive has limited value.
Scaling laws of turbulent ceiling fires

Abstract A fundamental dimensionless number appropriate for studying buoyancy driven flames, Π β ∼ Ra/(1+B) 1+(1+B)/σ , is developed by considering the balance of momentum, thermal energy, and species flux. In the particular case of laminar ceiling fires, it is shown that a modified Πβ scales with the ratio of the integral length scale and the boundary layer thickness as l δ β ∼Π f 1/5 . Here, Πf is based on a flame Rayleigh number, Raf, which is defined as Ra f = g νD β m ″ W h fg k T ∞ l l 3 . For turbulent ceiling fires, it is shown that the ratio of integral length scale and the flame Kolmogorov scale is given by l η β ∼Π f 1/4 . These fundamental relations for laminar and turbulent ceiling fires are correlated to experimentally measured flame stand-off distances for ceiling fires 1 , 2 , 3 . Based on the limited data available, the agreement with experiments is very good. Additional experiments are needed to further verify the validity of the scaling laws in the two flow regimes.
An infrared spectroscopic approach to the characterization of intermediate chars

Abstract The feasibility of carrying out infrared studies of intermediate chars, i.e., chars produced by pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials in the 450°–650°C range, is examined. Infrared spectra of such materials can be recorded using photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS). Four different chars produced by pyrolyzing different materials in vacuo were examined after formation and after oxidation at 400 °C. Interpretation of the various data concerning the surface species which were detected indicates that intermediate chars of different provenance are rich in surface groupings the nature of which is largely independent of the nature of the starting materials. However, the various chars show great differences after oxidation ; these can be followed in great detail via the PBDS technique, which permits the examination of opaque samples under the controlled conditions required for surface studies.
The efficacy of a 600-microgram misoprostol regimen for the evacuation of missed abortions

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a 600-μg misoprostol regimen for the evacuation of first-trimester missed abortions. Materials and Methods: Stable patients with missed abortion diagnosed between 6 and 14 weeks of gestation were given three treatment options. Patients in Group I chose misoprostol, 600 μg, intravaginally; Group II chose surgical dilation and curettage (D&C), and group III choose spontaneous resolution. After the options were presented to them, patients selected a group. In Group I, large cotton swabs were used to remove blood and mucus from the vaginal vault and cervix. Tablets of misoprostol were placed in the posterior fornix under direct visualization and 2–5 cc of normal saline was used to dissolve the tablet. Patients were observed for 2 hours for untoward side effects and discharged to home with instructions to follow up after 48 hours. Explanation of drug side effects and precautions about bleeding and infection also were provided. Multiple gestation was the only exclusion criterion. Results: A total of 110 patients were recruited for the study. Fifty-four patients (49%) chose Group I treatment, 5 (5%) selected Group II, and 51 (46%) selected Group III. Of the patients in Group I (n = 54), 45 (83%) successfully evacuated, 3 (6%) failed to evacuate and received surgical D&C, 9 patients (17%) required a second dose of misoprostol, and 6 (11%) were lost to follow-up after drug placement. Correcting for noncompliance in Group I (n = 48), the success rate increased from 83% to 94% for successful evacuation of the uterus. In group III, 25 patients (49%) spontaneously aborted and 26 (51%) did not return for follow-up. There were no major complications observed in patients who returned for follow-up, regardless of group. Conclusion: A 600-μg dose of misoprostol dissolved intravaginally followed by a rescue dose, when necessary, is highly successful and well tolerated in stable patients desiring prompt uterine evacuation for first-trimester pregnancy loss.
Sneaking God (Back) Through the Back Door of Science: A Call for a Comparative Addictionology

This paper is designed to call attention to the paucity of current models of addiction and to sketch the promises of future ones. In surveying the terrain of available treatments in the United States that include the medical and crypto-Christian, it then proceeds to examine two off-shore treatment facilities for chemical dependency that utilize indigenous shamanic techniques in their syncretic—and highly successful—methodologies. An enjoinder to craft a comparative cartography of addiction and the manifold therapeutic options for its treatment, it attempts to bring to light the fact that such a comparative endeavor could greatly improve the abysmal prognoses associated with this debilitating condition.
The effects of dietary monensin sodium upon superovulation and embyro viability from mature cows

Twelve mature British crossbred cows were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A was fed no monensin while group B received 200 mg/head/day. Superovulation with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was attempted in all cows between days 9 and 11 of the estrous cycle. The number of corpora lutea per treated cow was significantly greater (P<0.05) than in controls. The number of ova recovered per cow was not significantly different between the two groups. Mean total luteal weight was significantly greater for monensin-treated cows. Embryo viability was determined using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and was found to be similar in both groups.
A Cross-National Comparison Study on the Accuracy of Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Middle-School Mathematics Students

In this cross-national study, the authors compared mathematics self-efficacy beliefs of American (n = 107) and Taiwanese (n = 188) middle-school students for level and calibration (accuracy and bias). Taiwanese students surpassed Americans in math achievement. American students evidenced slightly higher self-efficacy levels for easy math items but a steeper decline for moderately difficult items than did Taiwanese students. Nationality differences in level of self-efficacy diminished for difficult math items. For calibration, American students reported less accurate self-efficacy beliefs than did Taiwanese students for all items, although the accuracy of both groups declined with items of higher difficulty. Postperformance self-evaluation judgments of Taiwanese students decreased as item difficulty increased, whereas American students' judgments decreased from easy items to moderate items, but remained unchanged with difficult items. The authors found no effects for gender or gender-nationality interactio...
Improvement in −40 °C electrochemical properties of AB2 metal hydride alloy by silicon incorporation

Abstract The ultra-low temperature (−40 °C) charge transferred resistance of a Laves phase based-AB 2 metal hydride alloy was reduced by a factor of 5 by a partial substitution of Ni with Si in Ti 12 Zr 21.5 V 10 Cr 7.5 Mn 8.1 Co 8.0 Ni 32.2− x Si x Sn 0.3 Al 0.4 , where x = 0–4. This improvement was due to the increases in surface area from the higher leaching-rate of the oxidation product of Si and to the surface catalytic effect with the incorporation of Si. The microstructure, gaseous phase hydrogen storage, and electrochemical properties of these alloys were investigated and reported. With the addition of Si in the formula, the abundances of both C15 and TiNi minor phases increased, which resulted in decreases in both maximum gaseous phase hydrogen storage and electrochemical capacities. Some changes on the chemical compositions of the minor phases from the Si-incorporation were observed but cannot be correlated to the improvement in low-temperature performance. These changes are the transition from Zr to ZrO 2 , the decrease in Ti/Zr ratio in the TiNi phase, and the higher Sn-content in the TiNi phase. An amount of 1 at.% of Si is recommended from the balance among capacity, bulk diffusion, surface area, and catalytic properties of the alloys. In addition, a special sample preparation method for using inductively coupled plasma analysis to determine the Si-content in the sample was developed and presented.
Excisional biopsy in the selective management of T1glottic cancer: A three‐year follow‐up study

Transoral excisional biopsy has been used in the evaluation and management of 103 T1 glottic cancers. A 3-year follow-up on these patients indicates that excisional biopsy unequivocally established the diagnosis and stage of the disease and that it is adequate treatment for micro and mini squamous cell cancers of the glottis in which the margins of excision are clear. Excisional biopsy with positive margins and larger T1 tumors establishes the absolute need for radiotherapy. Excisional biopsy is ideal for the diagnosis and management of verrucous carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma. Recurrent/residual squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy should be explored by excisional biopsy which may be curative or will establish the need for partial or total laryngectomy. The appropriate use of excisional biopsy in the selective management of early T1 glottic cancers requires attention to detail by the surgeon and the pathologist and sound clinical judgment.
High Purity Radioactive Beams at the Bevalac

Peripheral nuclear fragmentation reactions of primary Bevalac heavy ion beams are used to produce secondary beams of radioactive nuclei. The large cross section and small deflection of the projectile fragments lead to high production and delivery efficiency for these beams. Dispersive beam transport allows good separation and purification of the desired secondary beams. 11C and 19Ne beams of high purity and good intensity (almost 0.2% of the primary beam current) are presently being used for biomedical experiments.
Photoconduction and semiconduction in dried receptors of sheep eyes.

Abstract Both photoconduction and semiconduction have been measured in dried sheep rods. The semiconduction activation energy is 2.3 e.v. The photocurrent decreases under prolonged irradiation and shows a slight recovery in the dark. This is related to the photoisomerization of rhodopsin. The photoconduction excitation spectrum was roughly determined to correspond to absorption in the α and β bands of rhodopsin. These results are in good agreement with the photoconductive theory of the visual receptor process.
Forum: Management Cybernetics: Basic Computer Literacy Needed by All Managers

Computer literacy is a nebulous term which defies a clear and concise definition. The inability to properly define this term makes it difficult for managers to gain a clear understanding of their roles as they apply to computer literacy. This contribution presents concepts which will enable managers to understand computer literacy better. The main emphasis is based on a model known as ASK (Awareness, Skill, Knowledge). These factors help to provide an effective method of defining a manager's role as it pertains to the various elements of computer literacy. The role of training as it pertains to managers and organizations is also addressed.
Europapolitik and national interest: Are the Germans normal yet?

(1999). Europapolitik and national interest: Are the Germans normal yet? Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 9-23.
Post-fabrication wavelength selection and spectral narrowing of Quantum Cascade lasers via application of a shallow distributed Bragg reflector

Application of a shallow distributed Bragg reflector ion-milled on a tenth of the laser ridge leads to spectral narrowing, a 10-fold reduction in full-width-half-maximum and ∼12dB side mode suppression, of Fabry-Perot type QC lasers.
The cerebrospinal fluid anion gap.

A L T H O U G H M O S T P A T I E N T S with acute bacterial meningitis have well-defined abnormalities in their cerebrospinal fluid, a few do not.' This fact, coupled with the knowledge that certain patients with aseptic (nonbacterial) meningitis have CSF changes similar to those typically seen in bacterial diseases demonstrates the need for a rapid means of differentiating the two conditions. Recently, the enzymatic determination of CSF lactate has been suggested to be useful in this regard? Although this test is not readily available in all hospitals, Pavlakis and colleagues ~ found that calculation of the CSF anion gap was an alternative means of ascertaining this abnormality and that it reliably discriminated viral from bacterial meningitis. More recently, however, Rutledge et al' found that CSF lactate measurements were not, after all, helpful. Here we report !hat determination of the CSF anion gap also fails to provide the required specificity.
Change in medical spending attributable to diabetes: national data from 1987 to 2011.

OBJECTIVE Diabetes care has changed substantially in the past 2 decades. We examined the change in medical spending and use related to diabetes between 1987 and 2011. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys in 2000–2001 and 2010–2011, we compared per person medical expenditures and uses among adults ≥18 years of age with and without diabetes at the three time points. Types of medical services included inpatient care, emergency room (ER) visits, outpatient visits, prescription drugs, and others. We also examined the changes in unit cost, defined by the expenditure per encounter for medical services. RESULTS The excess medical spending attributed to diabetes was $2,588 (95% CI, $2,265 to $3,104), $4,205 ($3,746 to $4,920), and $5,378 ($5,129 to $5,688) per person, respectively, in 1987, 2000–2001, and 2010–2011. Of the $2790 increase, prescription medication accounted for 55%; inpatient visits accounted for 24%; outpatient visits accounted for 15%; and ER visits and other medical spending accounted for 6%. The growth in prescription medication spending was due to the increase in both the volume of use and unit cost; whereas, the increase in outpatient expenditure was almost entirely driven by more visits. In contrast, the increase in inpatient and ER expenditures was caused by the rise of unit costs. CONCLUSIONS In the past 2 decades, managing diabetes has become more expensive, mostly due to the higher spending on drugs. Further studies are needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of increased spending on drugs.
On min{max majority and deepest points

Abstract The asymptotic properties of a multivariate location estimator are obtained in this paper. The estimator examined is based on the notion of half-space depth, where the depth of a point is the minimum probability content of all half spaces containing the point. The location estimator of interest is the deepest point with respect to the empirical measure on half spaces. For angularly symmetric distributions, this estimator is n consistent. For two dimensions, the exact limit distribution is derived, and the extension of the limit distribution results to higher dimensions is discussed.
Photometric Light Curve for the Kuiper Belt Object 2000 EB173 on 78 Nights

Abstract Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) are generally very faint and cannot in practice be monitored with a well-sampled long-term light curve; so our discovery of the bright KBO 2000 EB173 offers an excellent opportunity for synoptic studies. We present a well-sampled photometric time series (77 R and 29 V magnitudes on 78 nights) over a 225-day time span centered on the 2001 opposition. The light curve (corrected to the year 2001 opposition distance) varies from 19.11 to 19.39 mag with a single peak that is smooth, time symmetric, and coincident with opposition. All variations in the light curve are consistent with a linear opposition surge (ROPP=19.083+0.125∗α, where α is the solar phase angle), while any rotational modulation must have a peak-to-peak amplitude of less than 0.097 mag. This is the first measured opposition surge for any KBO (other than Pluto). The V−R color is 0.63±0.02, with no apparent variation with phase at the few percent level. With R=19.11 at opposition, 2000 EB173 remains the brightest known KBO and a prime target for future photometric and spectroscopic studies.
A New Approach to Propellant Formulation: Minimizing Life-Cycle Costs Through Science-Based Design

The traditional approach to developing propellants for specific gun applications relies heavily on trial and error. Candidate formulations must be made in small quantities and subjected to burning-rate measurements and small-scale vulnerability assessments. If the properties of these candidates fail to meet expectations, the process must be repeated. This approach, while historically unavoidable, is obviously inefficient in time and expense, but it also can generate considerable waste streams associated with unsuccessful formulations. With added considerations of life-cycle costs including environmental impact at all stages of development, use, and disposal, this traditional approach becomes increasingly unworkable. In this report a new approach is proposed which makes maximal use of scientific understanding embodied in models during the early phases of the propellant-development cycle. Through simple simulations, it is shown that this strategy can have a significant impact on the overall costs of the development process. In analogy to the DOE program to convert the nuclear-weapon stewardship from testing-based to science-based, we term the new approach "science-based design." It is argued that the modeling contribution to the propellant-development process is most efficiently implemented by subjecting candidate formulations to a hierarchy of models of different sophistication and input-data requirements, reserving the most rigorous models (usually the most data-intensive and least robust) for the most promising candidates. This new approach will require concentration and leveraging of resources toward the most critical early-phase development steps, but it may be the only credible strategy to reconcile the need for higher-performance weapons with the reality of declining resources.
Velocity of second sound in rotating liquid helium

Abstract Measurements of the velocity of second sound in rotating liquid helium show a velocity reduction proportional to the angular velocity. An explanation based on the theory of Hall and Vinen is in quantitative agreement with the measurements.
Needs for radioactivity standards and measurements in different fields

Abstract With the enormous and world-wide increase in the applications of radioactive materials in so many scientific and technological fields, a corresponding need has arisen for increased skill and improved facilities for the assay of such materials. In the U.S.A., the use of radioisotopes, including radiopharmaceuticals is about $ 80 million annually. The measurements skills and facilities must of necessity tend to lag behind such a rapid growth, and increasingly from many quarters we at the National Bureau of Standards are being requested for help in establishing a consistent measurements system in radioactivity traceable both to us and through us to the international measurements system. This paper will discuss the measures that we are taking in order to achieve such traceability in a consistent measurements system in different fields of radioactivity, with special emphasis on environmental and radiopharmaceutical measurements.
Mercury Levels in Alligator Meat in South Louisiana

In recent years, environmental contaminants have been recognized as an area of concern for some crocodilian species (Brisbin et al. 1998). Publications in the scientific and popular literature have focused on organic chemicals as potential endocrine disruptors in reptiles, including the American alligator (Guillette and Crain 1996). A recent review suggested environmental contaminants affecting crocodilians may be grouped into three categories; organic chemicals, heavy metals, and radionuclides (Brisbin et al. 1998).
Effect of septohippocampal lesions on thyrotropin-releasing hormone antagonism of pentobarbital narcosis

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been shown to antagonize pentobarbital narcosis in a variety of mammalian phylogeny, and many lines of evidence indicate that TRH action in the septum to modulate the septohippocampal system may be the neuroanatomical substrate mediating this effect. To further examine this hypothesis, the analeptic response following injection of TRH into the lateral ventricles or ventromedial septum was measured after lesions of the septum, fimbria or hippocampus. Lesions were induced using either radiofrequency current, aspiration or microinjection of kainic acid. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the fimbria were found to block the antagonism of pentobarbital narcosis by intraseptal injection of 500 ng TRH, indicating that intraseptal TRH is acting via the septohippocampal system. In contrast, complete aspiration of the dorsal hippocampi did not attenuate intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of TRH. However, large electrolytic septal lesions effectively blocked i.c.v. TRH. These findings indicate first that i.c.v. TRH can cause arousal from pentobarbital narcosis via interaction with alternative neuroanatomical substrates from the septohippocampal system, and secondly, that these alternative substrates have axons which either synapse in or pass through the septum. The fact that injection of kainic acid into the ventromedial septum did not antagonize i.c.v. TRH supports the likelihood that the effectiveness of electrolytic septal lesions results from disruption of fibers in passage and not destruction of neuron perikarya in the septum.
Impact of the Implantable Defibrillator on Mortality: The Axiom of Overall Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Survival

Abstract As soon as it was established that the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) effectively prevents sudden death, it became axiomatic that whether the ICD will prolong overall survival depends entirely on the population of patients to which it is applied. This axiom of overall ICD survival immediately reveals the only vital question that remains regarding usage of the ICD; namely, How does one select those patients in whom prevention of sudden death by the ICD will also prolong life? This axiom also reveals the essential futility of randomized trials now being conducted for the purpose of discerning the true efficacy of the ICD. Claims to the scientific high ground notwithstanding, if a study asks the wrong question from the beginning, then the design of that study (including whether the study is randomized or nonrandomized), is completely irrelevant. Ideally, funds now being spent on these randomized trials should be diverted to the design and initiation of more appropriate trials, trials that will teach us to select patients for the ICD more effectively. At the very least, however, we should recognize the problems inherent in the ongoing trials, so that when their results are finally published (and are loudly touted by whichever faction feels vindicated by them), we will not be carried away into inappropriate clinical behavior. (Am J Cardiol 1996;78(suppl 5A):57–61)
Next-generation sequencing in the clinic

Pools of cell lines carrying a variety of known mutations are used to validate the performance of a cancer diagnostic test based on next-generation sequencing.
Ultrafast all-optical multiple quantum well integrated optic switch

An all-optical integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch is implemented using selective area disordering of a multiple quantum well structure. Ultrafast all-optical switching with an adjustable switching window ranging from 2 to 100 ps is demonstrated. The switch contrast ratio in this preliminary device is measured to be 9 dB.
Clinical Significance of Coronary Artery Calcification Seen Fluoroscopically with the Image Intensifier

Five hundred forty-four unselected patients were examined by a radiologist as to the presence or absence of coronary artery calcification. The overall prevalence of coronary calcification was 20% and there was a definite increase in the prevalence of the finding with increasing age. A comparison of 94 patients with coronary calcification with a matched control group without calcification indicated that the prevalence of symptomatic ischemic heart disease in the group with calcification was approximately twice that of the control group. The correlation was even more significant when the degree of calcification was moderate or severe. It is concluded that cardiac fluoroscopy with image intensification is a useful supplementary tool in the clinical evaluation of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. It can be performed easily and imposes no risk to the patient.
Cervical Squamous Dysplasias and Carcinomas with Immunodetectable p53 Frequently Contain HPV

Studies using cervical carcinoma cell lines usually show mutated p53 in cases without detectable HPV, and wild-type p53 in cases with detectable HPV. These findings suggest that loss of p53 function, either by mutation or by binding to HPV E6, is required for cervical carcinogenesis. Because mutated p53 is usually detectable immunohistochemically, one would predict an inverse relationship between the presence of HPV and detectable p53. In this study we examined 88 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical specimens of cervix for the presence of HPV and p53 expression. All cases were studied for the presence of p53 using immunohistochemical methods. The antibody used was mouse monoclonal PAb1801 (Biogenex). The presence of HPV was detected by PCR. Twenty-six specimens showed foci of p53 expression (0/7 normal, 1/8 (13%) condylomas, 1/6 (17%) CIN I, 3/7 (43%) CIN II, 6/20 (30%) CIN III, 13/22 (59%) SCC, 2/5 (40%) adenosquamous carcinomas, and 0/13 adenocarcinomas). p53 expression was more frequent in SCC than with CIN (P = 0.026). HPV was present in 15 of 24 cases with detectable p53 and 22 of 48 cases without detectable p53. No correlation was seen between HPV status and detection of p53. With the exception of one case, p53 expression was seen in less than 10% of cells. p53 expression was not detected in any of the 13 adenocarcinomas examined (P = 0.0016 vs SCC). Our results show that alterations of p53 may play a role in the pathogenesis of cervical squamous carcinoma. However, p53 expression was neither sufficient nor required for cervical carcinogenesis, irrespective of HPV status.
A predictive Bayesian data-derived multi-modal Gaussian model of sunken oil mass

Hydrodynamic modeling of sunken oil is hindered by insufficient knowledge of bottom currents. In this paper, the development of a predictive Bayesian model, SOSim, for inferring the location of sunken oil in time, based on sparse, qualitative or quantitative near-real time field data collected immediately following a spill, is described. Mapped output represents unconditional multi-modal Gaussian relative probabilities of finding oil at points across a relatively flat bay bottom, in time. The method of images is extended to address curvilinear reflecting shorelines. The model is demonstrated to locate the entire DBL-152 spill, given field data covering part of the area affected, and to project oil movement near curvilinear shoreline boundaries given simulated field data at two points in time. Limitations include accountability for discontinuous boundary conditions. Further development is recommended, including development of capability for accepting bathymetric data, for modeling continuous oil releases, and for 3-D modeling of suspended oil. Tracking of sunken oil is hindered by insufficient knowledge of bottom currents.We model sunken oil given sparse emergency field data on oil location in time.Oil location is projected in time using predictive Bayesian inference.Map output denotes unconditional multimodal Gaussian probabilities of finding oil.We demonstrate the model versus synthetic and real oil spill data.
Cilia in axolotl neurons (Siredon mexicanum).

Un estudio electro-microscopico de la medula espinal del axalote revelo la existencia de neuronas ciliadas, tanto en medulas normales como en segmentos medulares implantados por tiempos variables en la aleta dorsal de animales de la misma especie. La cilia que es unica e implantada cerca de una dendrita se extiende en la neuropila por una longitud de varios μm.
Failure of steroid hormones to reverse the toxic effects of 6-aminonicotinamide given early in pregnancy.

Abstract Daily injection of 1 μg estrone and 4 mg progesterone during the first half of pregnancy failed to prevent fetal death and congenital defects resulting from single injections of 6-aminonicotinamide early in gestation.
Modeling Long-Range Transportation and Land Use Scenarios with Citizen-Generated Policies in the Sacramento, California, Region

The Sacramento, California, region has been engaged in an innovative long-range visioning process in 2004 and 2005; the regional transportation planning agency is defining and modeling several 50-year growth scenarios. The authors worked with environmental and social equity citizens' groups to define policies that would reduce emissions, serve lower-income travelers better, and preserve habitats and agricultural lands in the region. The citizens' groups rejected the new freeways planned for the region as well as the substantial freeway widenings for high-occupancy vehicle lanes. In addition, they defined a more ambitious transit system, involving new bus rapid transit lines and shorter headways for all rail and bus service. This transit-only plan was modeled by itself and along with a land use policy for an urban growth boundary and a pricing policy for higher fuel taxes and parking charges for work trips. A new version of the MEPLAN model was used to simulate these scenarios over 50 years, and findings a...
A Comparative Density Functional Theory Study of Water Gas Shift Over PdZn(111) and NiZn(111)

PdZn catalysts have been proposed as an alternative to Cu low temperature water gas shift (WGS) catalysts due to their similar reactivity but higher thermal stability. Unfortunately, Pd based alloys are likely to be considerably more expensive than Cu catalysts. Therefore, we explore NiZn as a potentially cheaper alternative to PdZn. Both PdZn(111) and NiZn(111) have similar potential energy surfaces for WGS as previous work on Cu(111) suggesting that they may be effective WGS catalysts. However, unlike PdZn (and Cu), the primary mechanism for WGS shifts from the carboxyl mechanism to a redox mechanism over NiZn(111) (although they are similar in magnitude).
Influence of high fat diet and resveratrol supplementation on placental fatty acid uptake in the Japanese macaque.

Introduction Adequate maternal supply and placental delivery of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) is essential for normal fetal development. In humans, maternal obesity alters placental FA uptake, though the impact of diet remains uncertain. The fatty fetal liver observed in offspring of Japanese macaques fed a high fat diet (HFD) was prevented with resveratrol supplementation during pregnancy. We sought to determine the effect of HFD and resveratrol, a supplement with insulin-sensitizing properties, on placental LCPUFA uptake in this model.
Activation of factor VII bound to tissue factor: a key early step in the tissue factor pathway of blood coagulation

Whether the factor VII/tissue factor complex that forms in tissue factor-dependent blood coagulation must be activated to factor VIIa/tissue factor before it can activate its substrates, factor X and factor IX, has been a difficult question to answer because the substrates, once activated, back-activate factor VII. Our earlier studies suggested that human factor VII/tissue factor cannot activate factor IX. Studies have now been extended to the activation of factor X. Reaction mixtures were made with purified factor VII, X, and tissue factor; in some experiments antithrombin III and heparin were added to prevent back-activation of factor VII. Factor X was activated at similar rates in reaction mixtures containing either factor VII or factor VIIa after an initial 30-sec lag with factor VII. In reaction mixtures with factor VII a linear activation of factor X was established several minutes before cleavage of 125I-labeled factor VII to the two-chain activated molecule was demonstrable on gel profiles. Adding antithrombin III and heparin blocked activation of factor X by factor VII/tissue factor but not by factor VIIa/tissue factor. When the antithrombin III and heparin were added 1 min after the other reagents, factor VII/tissue factor activation of factor X was not blocked. These data suggest that factor VII/tissue factor cannot activate measurable amounts of factor X over several minutes. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that a rapid preferential activation of factor VII bound to tissue factor by trace amounts of factor Xa is a key early step in tissue factor-dependent blood coagulation.
Is High Definition a natural DRM

DRM, Digital Rights Management, has become pro- lific. It is used on both physical mediums (including CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray discs) and digitally distributed content. DRM controls how, when, where and by whom content gets used. However, perfect DRM remains elusive with each variation often being cracked or circumvented by various hacking groups shortly after (or before) its release. The use of DRM grew out of the need to protect the distribution of content with file-sharing networks, which grew in size due to the proliferation of broadband internet services. However, for file-sharing to be effective, users need to have sufficient upload bandwidth relative to the memory size of the content being shared. With compressed audio and video content, file-sharing has been relatively successful, but for content that requires a memory footprint a magnitude larger than typically shared before, distribution becomes significantly harder. With the proliferation of high-definition content we argue that DRM in the traditional sense no longer appears necessary. Specifically, we posit that using the natural file size of true high- definition content essentially acts as its own form of DRM due to the extreme asymmetry of broadband speeds and vested economic incentives of ISPs with regards to enforcement.
The New Bioinformatics: Integrating Ecological Data from the Gene to the Biosphere

Bioinformatics, the application of computational tools to the management and analysis of biological data, has stimulated rapid research advances in genomics through the development of data archives such as GenBank, and similar progress is just beginning within ecology. One reason for the belated adoption of informatics approaches in ecology is the breadth of ecologically pertinent data (from genes to the biosphere) and its highly heterogeneous nature. The variety of formats, logical structures, and sampling methods in ecology create significant challenges. Cultural barriers further impede progress, especially for the creation and adoption of data standards. Here we describe informatics frameworks for ecology, from subject-specific data warehouses, to generic data collections that use detailed metadata descriptions and formal ontologies to catalog and cross-reference information. Combining these approaches with automated data integration techniques and scientific workflow systems will maximize the value of data and open new frontiers for research in ecology.
Sub-30nm alignment accuracy between layered photonic nanostructures using optimized nanomagnet arrays

We present experimental results indicating fine alignment of stacked nanopatterned silicon nitride membranes to better than 30 nm. The initial coarse alignment via membrane folding was 2 mum, which gives a coarse-to-fine alignment improvement of more than 60times. Alignment was achieved by using the attractive force between arrays of nanomagnets patterned on the membranes before folding. Optical gratings and circular voids forming a 3D photonic crystal-like structure were patterned before membrane release and self-aligned after folding. Alignment performance was maintained during multiple folding and unfolding operations.
Synthesis of 2-(N,N-Dialkylaminomethyl)-7-phenylthioindoles

A series of 2-( N,N -dialkylaminomethyl)-7-phenylthioindoles was prepared. The Japp-Klingemann reaction followed by Fisher cyclization with polyphosphoric acid gave 7-phenylthioindole-2-carboxylic acid. The lithium aluminum hydride reduction of amides derived from this acid provided the corresponding aminomethyl indoles. Infrared and NMR data are reported.
The VAD tree: A process-eye view of physical memory

This paper describes the use of the Virtual Address Descriptor (VAD) tree structure in Windows memory dumps to help guide forensic analysis of Windows memory. We describe how to locate and parse the structure, and show its value in breaking up physical memory into more manageable and semantically meaningful units than can be obtained by simply walking the page directory for the process. Several tools to display information about the VAD tree and dump the memory regions it describes will also be presented.
Land-Use Suitability Analysis in the United States: Historical Development and Promising Technological Achievements

Various methods of spatial analysis are commonly used in land-use plans and site selection studies. A historical overview and discussion of contemporary developments of land-use suitability analysis are presented. The paper begins with an exploration into the early 20th century with the infancy of documented applications of the technique. The article then travels through the 20th century, documenting significant milestones. Concluding with present explorations of advanced technologies such as neural computing and evolutionary programming, this work is meant to serve as a foundation for literature review and a premise for the exploration of new advancements as we enter into the 21st century.
Development and evaluation of an introduction to pharmacy seminar for faculty, staff, and graduate students

Objective: To develop, implement, and evaluate a pilot “Pharmacy 101” seminar designed to provide faculty, staff, and graduate students with an overview and orientation to the pharmacy profession and academic pharmacy. Design: Objectives and specific topics for inclusion for the seminar were developed and refined based on input from the Office of the Dean as well as Chairs of both College Departments. Assessment: The seminar has been offered on three separate occasions. The first two offerings were open to the entire college community, whereas the third session was delivered as part of the college of pharmacy’s new graduate student orientation. At the initial offering, participants voluntarily completed an initial evaluation and a postseminar evaluation 60 days later. For the second and third sessions, all participants were asked to complete an initial evaluation and a 15-item pre and post multiple-choice test instrument. Fourteen individuals completed the initial seminar offering, seven the second, and 15 participants took part in the graduate student section. Responses to initial evaluations from all three cohorts were positive and constructive. The pre and post test instruments used in the second and third cohorts demonstrated consistent learning. Conclusion: This seminar appeared to meet its objectives. Similar seminars can be developed to improve faculty, staff, and graduate student productivity and job satisfaction. Future considerations include expansion into a required component of
Generalized integrated telegraph processes and the distribution of related stopping times

Let {X(t), V(t), t ≥ 0} be a telegraph process, with V(0+) = 1. The distribution of X(t) is derived for the general case of an alternating renewal process, describing the length of time a particle is moving to the right or to the left. The distributions of the first-crossing times of given levels a and -a are studied for M/G and for G/M processes.
Determination of codeine in terpin hydrate and codeine elixir

Ion exchange chromatography and non-aqueous titrimetry are applied to the analysis of codeine in terpin hydrate and codeine elixir. The method is simple and accurate.
Computer based pattern recognition of carotid artery doppler signals for disease classification: prospective validation

Abstract A computer based pattern recognition method has been developed to classify the percent diameter reduction in nonoccluded internal carotid arteries. Using a combined B -mode/pulsed Doppler unit, the system utilizes spectral waveforms obtained from the low common and proximal internal carotid artery locations. The ECG-R wave is used as a time reference to synchronize the averaging of Doppler spectra from 20 heart cycles. An averaged waveform is generated and represents the spectral data from which features are extracted for analysis. A stepwise selection algorithm identifies a feature subset for partitioning the entire range of disease into two states, less than and greater than a decision point. Three such partitions are made, leading to the following categories: Normal, 1–20, 21–50 and 51–99% dia. reduction. A classifier was trained, tested prospectively against unknown data and the results compared to angiography. Of the 170 vessels tested, 141 (82%) were classified in the same category by angiography and the computer system. Agreement for each category was 93% (27/29) for the normals, 81.5% (44/54) for the 1–20% lesions, 78% (29/37) for the 21–50% lesions and 82% (41/50) for the 51–99% lesions. The computer method and angiography differed by more than one category in only one of the 170 tests. The level of agreement corrected for chance (Kappa ± SE(K)) was 0.769 ± 0.039. Future efforts will be directed toward dividing classification of disease further (especially in the 51–99% category), developing a dedicated microprocessor for on-line analysis of the signals and using the system for prospective epidemiological studies of various populations.
A tool for clinical reasoning and reflection using the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) framework and patient management model

Background and Purpose Professional development is a cornerstone of physical therapist practice. As the profession moves toward the ideals of Vision 2020, more emphasis is being placed on the process of clinical decision making. Although reflection and mentorship are widely regarded as important instruments to facilitate the progression of clinical reasoning skills, little guidance exists in the postprofessional arena to assist clinicians with these essential needs. As more organizations develop formal mentoring programs, a need arises for a tool that will engage mentors, proteges, and clinicians of all abilities in thoughtful reflection and discussion that will help develop clinical reasoning skills. Case Description The process of developing reflective clinical decision-making skills in physical therapist practitioners is described, and how this process was used at one institution is illustrated. A tool for clinical reasoning and reflection is proposed that incorporates the existing conceptual frameworks of the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Outcomes This case report discusses how the tool was implemented by staff with varying levels of expertise, their outcomes in regard to the development of their clinical reasoning skills, and how the tool facilitated mentoring sessions around patient cases to improve care. Discussion This case report describes a practical application of a postprofessional educational process designed to develop reflective and patient-centered clinical reasoning skills. Although this process has shown some preliminary success, more research is warranted. By cultivating reflective thinking and critical inquiry, the physical therapy profession can help develop autonomous practitioners of physical therapy and promote the ideals of Vision 2020.