cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proportional hypothalamic control of behavioral thermoregulation in the squirrel monkey

Abstract The effects of altering preoptic and anterior hypothalamic temperature on behavioral thermoregulation, vasomotor tone, and core temperature were investigated in cold-exposed (5°C) squirrel monkeys. Cooling this region over a range of 32–38°C was associated with increases in behavioral responses for radiant heat reinforcement and increased peripheral vasomotor tone and core temperature. Conversely, warming the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus over a range of 39.5–43°C was associated with reduced responses for radiant heat reinforcement and decreased vasomotor tone and core temperature. The changes in behavioral response rates and core temperature were proportional to the displacement of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic temperature above or below specific thresholds. Elevations of temperature had a greater effect on behavioral response rates and core temperature than did reductions in temperature. It is concluded that the hypothalamic regulator of behavioral thermoregulatory responses has operating characteristics similar to the hypothalamic regulator of autonomic responses.
Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins in Child and Adolescent Athletes

The purpose of this review is to describe the age- and gender-associated variation in blood lipids of young athletes and examine the association between training status, peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)), and body fatness with blood lipids in young athletes. Results from cross-sectional studies suggest similar levels of total cholesterol (TC), lower levels of triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in young athletes compared with controls. Longitudinal data show that the age- and gender-associated variation in blood lipids in young distance runners is similar to youth in the general population; TC and LDL-C remain stable, HDL-C declines during adolescence (especially in males), and TG increases with age. Considerable heterogeneity exists in the blood lipids of young athletes, including dyslipidaemic values. Age, sexual maturity status, training status, VO(2peak) and body fatness are determinants of blood lipids in young athletes. VO(2peak) is a significant predictor of HDL-C independent of body fatness. Further research is warranted to examine: the prevalence rates of dyslipidaemia in various sport groups; and the complex interactions of genes, biological maturation, exercise training, dietary intake and composition, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue properties on lipoprotein metabolism in young athletes.
Are surfactants effective for iron ore dust control

Wetting reagents are extremely popular dust suppressants. This is the result of beliefs that effective material wetting was the critical factor in reducing airborne dust. Unfortunately, personnel at an iron ore facility reported wetting reagents were not effective for iron ore. To determine which types of reagents would be effective for iron ore, a novel laboratory dust tower apparatus was developed. This tower allowed for the selection of the most effective dust suppressant through direct dustiness measurements. From these studies, the investigators found that hygroscopic reagents were 86% more effective than water in reducing airborne particulate matter from iron ore.
ROM/RMF control of the flexible, articulated-truss space crane

The large size and extreme flexibility of an articulated space crane entail great difficulties in precision positioning. Control strategies for the flexible multibody system are here developed using a Timoshenko-beam finite-element model (FEM) which captures the system's low frequency characteristics. From the FEM, a reduced-order model (ROM) controller is designed which rotates the fixed shape crane about the base alpha joint to actuate positioning control. Eigenvalue analysis of the closed-loop system shows the destabilizing effect of controller-structure interaction (CSI). Making use of a parallel bank of residual mode filters (RMFs) compensated for CSI, restoring system stability and performance. The linear control law is simulated in closed-loop with the beam model. The ROM-based control law with RMF compensation is an effective, low-order controller.
Robot location densities

Any niovernent of a niobile robot increases the uncertainty in the precise position of the robot. Sensor itteasurernents of the environnent gathered on board the niobile robot help in reducing this uncertainty. The uncertainty in robot position niay be eiabedded in a probability density function which we refer to as the robot location density. This paper presents iiiethods of expressing this density in terms of sensor measurement characteristics. Vision and range data provide information about the position of the robot. We show how this information may be incorporated into the location density. The probability mass in a region corresponds to the likelihood of the robot being in that region. Sensor data can effect this likelihood. For example an ultrasonic range system may provide information that the robot is close to a region boundary. The probability mass in the inner regions would thus be decreased when this range data is used to update the location density. Motion of the robot also influences the a posteriori location density. A collision event or the absence of this event both provide information about robot position. We show how the location density may be used for collision avoidance and robot position estimation (or robot self-location). Optimal methods are presented to determine the maximum likelihood estimate of the robot location in a known polygonal environment using range data. The methods may be used with or without compass© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Modeling geological objects with the XML Schema

Interchange, storage, and management of geological data require the development of knowledge-based, standardized vocabularies and data structures. Concepts modeled and designed with the Unified Markup Language (UML), can be mapped into XML Schema Definition Language (XSDL) to compose modular markup languages for each discipline. Developing such efficient, intra-disciplinary, modular and reusable components, based on the XSDL namespace facility and the principles of object-oriented design, reduces redundancy, increases efficiency, scalability, and extensibility, and simplifies the maintenance and future extension of the code. This paper discusses the best practices of composition and reuse of modular intra-disciplinary components by applying XML Schema namespace syntax. In addition to several small examples given for a variety of geological cases, the paper constructs a UML conceptual model and markup language, applying an XML-type library, for a component of the plate tectonics knowledge base (TectonicsML) that deals with the divergent plate boundary.
Anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscular morphine, medetomidine and ketamine administered to telemetered cats.

The quality and duration of anaesthesia, cardiorespiratory effects and recovery characteristics of a morphine, medetomidine, ketamine (MMK) drug combination were determined in cats. Six healthy, adult female cats were administered 0.2 mg/kg morphine sulphate, 60 μg/kg medetomidine hydrochloride, and 5 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride intramuscularly. Atipamezole was administered intramuscularly at 120 min after MMK administration. Time to lateral recumbency, intubation, extubation and sternal recumbency were recorded. Cardiorespiratory variables and response to a noxious stimulus were recorded before and at 3 min and 10 min increments after drug administration until sternal recumbency. The time to lateral recumbency and intubation were 1.9 ± 1.2 and 4.3 ± 1.2 min, respectively. Body temperature and haemoglobin saturation with oxygen remained unchanged compared to baseline values throughout anaesthesia. Respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume, heart rate, and blood pressure were significantly decreased during anaesthesia compared to baseline values. One cat met criteria for hypotension (systolic blood pressure
Relation of Linoleate and Linolenate to the Flavors of Autoxidized Milk Fat

Summary Flavor concentrates obtained by high-vacuum distillation of the fat from autoxidized butter were fractionated by gas chromatography on butanediol succinate. The tallowy flavor of the concentrate was reproduced by recombining three of the 12 gas chromatograph fractions. The first of these components migrated close to octanal on the gas chromatograph and gave an oxidized flavor to milk. The second component migrated close to undecanal and gave a grassy flavor to milk. The third component was 2,4-decadienal, which gave milk an oily flavor. The component which gave an oxidized flavor in homogenized milk at low concentration gave a metallic flavor in the fat phase at higher concentrations. Methyl linoleate was a precursor for the oxidized and oily flavors, and methyl linolenate was a precursor of the grassy flavor. These compounds are probably responsible for the major flavor characteristics of other autoxidized fats and oils.
Locus of Control, Academic Achievement, and Follow Through in Appalachia.

Abstract The present study explored the development of locus of control in rural Appalachian Follow Through participants and in lower and middle-class comparison groups. The IAR was administered to 249 first-, third-, and sixth-grade children along with standardized achievement tests. Contrary to previous research, participation in Follow Through did not enhance internality; no social class differences were revealed. A significant social class by sex interaction was found. Strong support was not found for a developmental trend. The patterns of correlations between locus of control and achievement indicated a stronger relationship for the lower-class samples rather than for the middle-class as has been previously reported. Implications concerning different developmental antecedents in Appalachian homes as a function of sex-role socialization as well as the nature of future intervention research are discussed.
An island arc origin for the Canyon Mountain ophiolite complex, eastern Oregon, U.S.A.

Abstract The Canyon Mountain ophiolite, Oregon, is exceptional in lacking sheeted dikes, basaltic pillow lavas, and sediments that are characteristic of many other ophiolites. Instead, the uppermost portion of the complex consists of a significant volume of plagiogranites, which, in addition to minor basalts, intrude a large section of keratophyres believed to be of volcanic origin. The trend of intrusive rocks and of bedding in the keratophyres is mostly parallel to layering in the underlying gabbroic cumulates and to contacts between units in the remainder of the ophiolite. It is suggested that the plagiogranites, basalts, and keratophyres comprise a sill complex. Both the plagiogranites and the keratophyres are similar, respectively, to low-K2O plutonic and extrusive rocks of island arcs. The mineralogy and penetrative deformation structures of the ultramafic and some of the gabbroic rocks of the ophiolite indicate greater depth of formation, related to magmatism and diapirism above a Benioff zone. Radiometric age dates of plagiogranites confine the minimum age of the complex to the Early Permian. The Canyon Mountain ophiolite may thus be correlative with other fragments of a Lower Permian arc terrane throughout northeastern Oregon which were chaotically mixed during renewed subduction in middle to late Triassic time.
Ephraem the Syrian's Hymns 'Against Julian'

state before the city's gates, with a Persian flag flying from the ramparts of the citadel!3 Furthermore, a number of concrete details which Ephraem mentioned in the hymns, such as the emperor's issue of coins with the famous bull iconography on them, and his account of the attempt during Julian's reign to rebuild Jerusalem's temple, have also attracted the attention of historians. And Glen Bowersock has written that this attention to what he calls Ephraem's invectives is "one of the most fruitful developments in the study of Julian".4 Given all of this testimony to the relevance of Ephraem's Hymns Against Julian to modern historical inquiry, it is somewhat surprising to notice that few scholarly studies have in fact ever been devoted to the Hymns for their own sake. Accordingly, the purposes of the present article are to provide a brief summary of the previous scholarship, to discuss the textual structure and transmission of the Hymns, and to provide a precis of their dominant ideas, all with the hope that such a review will entice more readers to these little known compositions of Ephraem the Syrian.
A General Synthesis of Diterminal Diamnodideoxyalditols and 1-Amino-1-deoxyalditols Using Trimethylmsilyl Protecting Groups

Abstract General syntheses of diterminal diaminodideoxyalditols and 1-amino-1-deoxyalditols from aldoses are described. Borane-THF reduction of O-trimethylsilylaldaramides, followed by methanolic HC1 workup, leads to diaminodideoxyalditol dihydrochlorides. Similar treatment of O-trimethylsilylaldonamides yields aminoalditol hydrochlorides. The general reaction sequence was used to synthesize six diaminoalditols and five monoaminoalditols. The method is generally applicable to both classes of title aminoalditols and is independent of the chain length and stereochemistry of the starting aldose.
Fluctuations of maternal smoking during pregnancy

Abstract Objective To examine fluctuations in women’s cigarette smoking during pregnancy and implications for the design of clinical interventions for pregnant smokers and research on the effects of fetal exposure to cigarettes. Methods We examined changes in absolute smoking status in 1426 women who reportedly smoked during their last pregnancy in the National Health Interview Survey 1991 Pregnancy and Smoking Supplement and fluctuations in amount smoked in 60 pregnant smokers in the Family Health and Development Project. Results In the National Health Interview Survey 1991 Pregnancy and Smoking Supplement, a substantial proportion of women exhibited a pattern of repeated cessation and relapse. In multivariable logistic regression models, having more than a high school education was significantly associated with being an intermittent versus a continuous smoker (odds ratio = 1.55, P P Conclusion We conclude that smoking during pregnancy is a complex and variable behavior for many women. Simple measures of smoking may lead to under-estimation of the impact of smoking on the fetus, and brief smoking cessation interventions early in pregnancy are likely to be inadequate for many smokers during pregnancy.
High-Throughput Large-Aperture Prism Prefilter for Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

For the acquisition of high-quality ultraviolet resonance Raman spectra of strongly scattering samples such as membrane protein suspensions, an f /3.5 Littrow prism prefilter has been designed, built, and characterized. This prefilter has a Czerny-Turner configuration, and its focal length is 25 cm. The apex angle of the dispersive prism (20 ) was chosen to provide maximum performance in the 220 to 240 nm range. The prism prefilter significantly reduced stray background due to Rayleigh scattering and visible fluorescence, while maintaining a low dispersion of 1300 cm-1/mm at 253 nm as well as a large fl /3.5 aperture. The sharpness of the transmission edge (at 242 nm, the T = 0% to 95% transition occurs in 1.3 nm) quantitates its effectiveness as a sharp-cut Rayleigh scattering filter. The total throughput of the prefilter is ~60% at 235 nm and 50% at 632.8 nm. The utility of this prefilter is demonstrated by obtaining high signal-to-noise resonance Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin in a purple membrane suspension with 239.5 nm excitation.
An acetate-activating system from rumen microorganisms I. Presence of phosphotranacetylase and effect of cations on its activity

Ammonium sulfate fractions prepared from an aqueous extract of an acetone powder obtained from rumen bacteria were observed to catalyze the conversion of acetylphosphate and CoA to acetyl-CoA and phosphate. This system displayed a univalentcation stimulation which could be observed with K+, RB+ or NH4+. The relative order of effectiveness of these ions was NH4+ > K+ > RB+ and optimum levels were observed to be in the range 0.02–0.04 M. This system was inhibited by Na+ which did not appear to compete with K+. Mg2+ was not required for optimal activity. Examination of the Michaelis constants calculated for acetyl-phosphate at various levels of KCl indicated that univalent cations exerted their effect on the rate of conversion of the enzyme-substrate complex to free enzyme and product.
Annulus tension of the prolapsed mitral valve corrected by edge-to-edge repair.

Abstract Background Mitral valve (MV) performance after edge-to-edge repair (ETER) without ring annuloplasty is suboptimal. ETER efficacy needs to be evaluated from annulus tension (AT) of a prolapsed MV corrected by ETER to understand annular dilatation. Methods Ten porcine MVs were harvested and mounted on a MV closure test rig. The MV annulus tissue rested on top of a saddle-shaped plastic ring on which the annulus could slide freely. The annulus was held by strings in the periphery during MV closure under a hydrostatic trans-mitral pressure. String tensions were measured and further divided by string spacing to obtain AT. The MVs were then prolapsed by shifting split papillary muscles to simulate mono-leaflet prolapse due to elongation of chords, which insert into a single leaflet. Last, MV prolapse was corrected by ETER applied in the central leaflet region and AT was measured. Results AT in both anterior and posterior leaflet prolapse corrected by ETER was less than that of normal MVs. AT in the anterior leaflet prolapse corrected by ETER was less than that in the posterior leaflet prolapse corrected by ETER. Conclusion ETER does not restore the normal AT and therefore leads potential of annular dilatation. The anterior leaflet prolapse has a greater potential of annular dilatation than the posterior leaflet prolapse after ETER. Annuloplasty is recommended to maintain long-term ETER efficacy.
Constructing ω-stable structures: model completeness

Abstract The projective plane of Baldwin (Amer. Math. Soc. 342 (1994) 695) is model complete in a language with additional constant symbols. The infinite rank bicolored field of Poizat (J. Symbolic Logic 64 (1999) 1339) is not model complete. The finite rank bicolored fields of Baldwin and Holland (J. Symbolic Logic 65 (2000) 371; Notre Dame J. Formal Logic (2001), to appear) are model complete. More generally, the finite rank expansions of a strongly minimal set obtained by adding a ‘random’ unary predicate are almost strongly minimal and model complete provided the strongly minimal set is ‘well-behaved’ and admits ‘exactly rank k formulas’. The last notion is a geometric condition on strongly minimal sets formalized in this paper.
Psychological distress and the decision to seek medical care.

Abstract There have been a number of studies linking psychological distress with the demand for medical care. The importance of these studies lies in the finding that the distressed use of services more frequently than the non-distressed. To the extent that many of the visits of the distressed are for medically trivial reasons, which is the most frequent interpretation of this finding, there may be an argument in favor of cost containment strategies aimed at diverting the distressed away from seeking ‘unneeded’ medical attention. There are, however, a number of difficulties both with most of the studies that have been done to date and with how the finding of more frequent visits among the distressed is interpreted. The present study examines the reporting of illnesses, disability per illness reported, patient initiated physician visits per illness reported and physicians' judgement regarding the medical necessity of the visits reported for a representative sample of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The 950 respondents in this analysis were divided into groups by three levels of psychological distress. Illnesses reported both prospectively and retrospectively to the measurement of psychological distress are analyzed. The data indicate that, although the distressed report more illnesses, they are no more likely either to report disability per illness or to initiate medical care per illness. Further, the distressed are no more likely either to initiate unnecessary physician visits or to avoid initiating necessary visits. The implications of these findings for the impact of cost containment strategies on equity in the delivery of medical services are discussed.
Supply Chain Optimization at Hugo Boss (B) - The M-Ratio

We evaluate the impact of a supply chain pilot implemented at Hugo Boss. This pilot entailed altering the way in which Hugo Boss orders from its suppliers. We explore the challenge of assessing the impact of supply chain change, the link between operational performance and firm performance, and the relationship between sales, inventory, and product availability.
Design of a novel constant current pulsed iontophoretic stimulation device

An instrument for constant current iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery was designed, prototyped, and preliminarily tested in the New Zealand white rabbit. This flexible device has been designed to synthesize several constant current output waveshapes of selectable magnitude, frequency, and duty cycle. The output waveforms include the conventional DC and monophasic pulsed DC, as well as two novel iontophoretic waveforms-a trapezoidal and a symmetrical biphasic pulsed DC. Each waveform was used to deliver an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor transdermally to a rabbit with induced hypertension to compare relative antihypertensive efficacy. >
Free tissue transfer versus pedicled flap in head and neck reconstruction.

Objectives: Free flaps are often criticized as being medically risky for the patient, expensive, and too time-consuming when compared with the traditional rotational flap repair. Perhaps the costs do not outweigh the benefits. The study analyzes many aspects of resource utilization and patient outcome to determine whether these criticisms hold true. Study Design: Retrospective patient review. Methods: Sixtyfive patient charts were reviewed. The following data were abstracted: flap type, tumor location and stage, preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists score, preoperative irradiation, postoperative medical complications, flap outcome, length of hospital stay, date of first intake by mouth, and date of decannulation. The data were analyzed for free flaps and rotational flaps. Then data were analyzed again for free and rotational flaps performed for only patients who underwent a composite resection, to further standardize the results. Results: For all defect types, free flap operative time was statistically greater (9 h 35 min for free flaps vs. 4 h 58 min for rotational flaps). Regarding hospital charges, only patients who had a free flap after composite resection differed in amount charged when free versus rotational flaps were compared ($53,585 for free flaps vs. $32,984 for rotational flaps). Length of intensive care unit stay differed between patients having composite resection of the two flap types (0.1 d after rotational flap vs. 1.4 d after free flap). Conclusions: The differences between the two reconstruction methods are only a few. We do not think that longer operative time, longer length of intensive care unit stay, and increased hospital charges are significant enough to deny a patient a superior repair. We also think that as surgeons' experience increases, these differences may one day no longer hold true.
The 3-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Network Coverage Problem

The rapid development of wireless technologies and embedded sensing devices has made it possible for people to monitor, control and interact with the physical world via wireless sensor networks. While holding promise in a wide variety of applications, sensor networks are driven by extremely limited energy resources. This necessitates the energy aware design and operation of the sensor network. One of the fundamental issues in sensor networks is the coverage problem. In this paper, contrary to existing techniques, the coverage problem in a three dimensional space is rigorously analyzed. Given a distribution of sensor nodes, a new distributed algorithm to choose a subset of working nodes for full coverage is derived. A computationally efficient algorithm to check for complete coverage is also proposed.
Plasma Protein Alterations Associated with Surgery

Abdominal surgery produces a wide variety of physiologic effects. This article provides a brief review of the plasma protein alterations directly associated with abdominal surgery. Both animal and human data are summarized and the underlying basic science is reviewed. In addition, potential novel therapeutics are introduced.
A design of communications simulation expert system architecture with common data structure

Simulation expert-system architecture for communication simulation that includes common data structure, top-down information driven technique, optimization, and expert system approach is addressed. The concepts can be combined to implement a very user-friendly simulation system for either a novice or experienced user. The architecture block diagram of the simulator is discussed to highlight important functions. Complete or partial features addressed can be adopted in any simulator design. >
Review-Based Ranking of Wikipedia Articles

Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia on the Web, is often seen as the most successful example of crowdsourcing. The encyclopedic knowledge it accumulated over the years is so large that one often uses search engines, to find information in it. In contrast to regular Web pages, Wikipedia is fairly structured, and articles are usually accompanied with history pages, categories and talk pages. The meta-data available in these pages can be analyzed to gain a better understanding of the content and quality of the articles. We discuss how the rich meta-data available in wiki pages can be used to provide better search results in Wikipedia. Built on the studies on "Wisdom of Crowds" and the effectiveness of the knowledge collected by a large number of people, we investigate the effect of incorporating the extent of review of an article in the quality of rankings of the search results. The extent of review is measured by the number of distinct editors contributed to the articles and is extracted by processing Wikipedia's history pages. We compare different ranking algorithms that explore combinations of text-relevancy, PageRank, and extent of review. The results show that the review-based ranking algorithm which combines the extent of review and text-relevancy outperforms the rest; it is more accurate and less computationally expensive compared to PageRank-based rankings.
Vowel constrictions are recoverable from formants

The area function of the vocal tract in all of its spatial detail is not directly computable from the speech signal. But is partial, yet phonetically distinctive, information about articulation recoverable from the acoustic signal that arrives at the listener’s ear? The answer to this question is important for phonetics, because various theories of speech perception predict different answers. Some theories assume that recovery of articulatory information must be possible, while others assume that it is impossible. However, neither type of theory provides firm evidence showing that distinctive articulatory information is or is not extractable from the acoustic signal. The present study focuses on vowel gestures and examines whether linguistically significant information, such as the constriction location, constriction degree, and rounding, is contained in the speech signal, and whether such information is recoverable from formant parameters. Perturbation theory and linear prediction were combined, in a manner similar to that in Mokhtari (1998) [Mokhtari, P. (1998). An acoustic-phonetic and articulatory study of speech-speaker dichotomy. Doctoral dissertation, University of New South Wales], to assess the accuracy of recovery of information about vowel constrictions. Distinctive constriction information estimated from the speech signal for ten American English vowels were compared to the constriction information derived from simultaneously collected X-ray microbeam articulatory data for 39 speakers [Westbury (1994). Xray microbeam speech production database user’s handbook. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI]. The recovery of distinctive articulatory information relies on a novel technique that uses formant frequencies and amplitudes, and does not depend on a principal components analysis of the articulatory data, as do most other inversion techniques. These results provide evidence that distinctive articulatory information for vowels can be recovered from the acoustic signal.
Direct microscopic quantification of dynamics of Plasmodium berghei sporozoite transmission from mosquitoes to mice.

The number of malaria sporozoites delivered to a host by mosquitoes is thought to have a significant influence on the subsequent course of the infection in the mammalian host. We did studies with Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes with salivary gland infections of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites expressing a red fluorescent protein. After individual mosquitoes fed on an ear pinna or the ventral abdomen of a mouse, fluorescence microscopy was used to count numbers of sporozoites. Mosquitoes allowed to feed on the ear for periods of 3 versus 15 min deposited means of 281 versus 452 sporozoites, respectively, into the skin; this may have epidemiological implications because mosquitoes can feed for longer periods of time on sleeping hosts. Mosquitoes feeding on the ventral abdomen injected sporozoites not only into the skin but also into the underlying peritoneal musculature. Although mosquitoes injected fewer sporozoites into the abdominal tissues, more of these were reingested into the mosquito midgut, probably a consequence of easier access to blood intake from the abdominal area. The most consistent parameter of sporozoite transmission dynamics under all conditions of mosquito probing and feeding was the relatively slow release rate of sporozoites (∼1 to 2.5 per second) from the mosquito proboscis. The numbers of sporozoites introduced into the host by mosquitoes and the transmission efficiencies of sporozoite delivery are multifactorial phenomena that vary with length of probing time, skin site being fed upon, and numbers of sporozoites within the salivary glands.
The role of amateur radio in providing emergency electronic communication for disaster management

In the USA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides support to State and local governments in fulfilment of their responsibilities for preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation of disasters. One method FEMA has used to support State and local emergency communication functions was to sign and implement a Memorandum of Understanding with the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) for amateur radio operators to provide electronic communications for State and local governments in disasters. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has licensed more than 600,000 amateur radio operators in the USA. The national organization of amateur radio operators called the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) was formed in 1914. More than 80,000 of these amateurs have registered their availability for emergency communications in disasters in the ARRL’s Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES). Amateur radio operators have been providing communications in natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes and earthquakes since 1910. Since amateur radio operation was prohibited during the years of both World Wars I and II, FEMA has sponsored a new branch of the amateur service called Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES). RACES operators are authorized to operate if the President invokes his War Emergency Powers while all other amateur operation would be silenced. Examines the role of amateur radio in providing emergency electronic communications for disaster management and explores future contributions.
Liquid supplementation of grazing cows and calves

Abstract One hundred and one Angus cows (average weight 614 kg) and their bull calves (average weight 213 kg) grazing improved summer pastures were used to determine cow and calf intake of liquid supplement, and its effect on forage intake and performance. Forty-seven pairs had access to a 410 g CP/kg DM molasses-based liquid supplement in an open feeder and 54 pairs were not supplemented. The study was conducted in southwestern Montana from July 28 to October 3, 1997. Cows consumed significantly more supplement (0.3 kg/day) than calves (0.1 kg/day) but both consumed 0.5 g/kg bodyweight per day. Supplemented cows gained 0.12 kg/day more (p 0.10) in body condition score change. Average daily gain by supplemented calves was 30% greater (p 0.10) in milk intake between supplemented and unsupplemented calves. There was no difference (p>0.10) in time spent at the supplement feeder between cows and calves, averaging 5.0 min/day. Time at the feeder was lowest for 7-year-old cows, intermediate for 6- and 8-year-old cows, and highest for 9-year-old cows (p 0.10) in supplement feeding bouts/day between age groups of cows. Calf liquid supplement intake (g/kg body weight) and time spent at the supplement feeder were similar to intake and time spent at the feeder by cows. Liquid supplementation increased forage intake and average daily gain by cows and calves grazing improved forages in late summer. The cost for additional weight gained by the supplemented calves was US$ 0.33/kg and October cattle prices in Montana were US$ 1.64/kg. Liquid supplementation was cost effective under the conditions of this study.
The Era of Evidence-Based Medicine: What Are the Implications for JNM and Other Imaging Journals?

![Figure][1] Dominique Delbeke The population is aging, and the cost of health care is increasing rapidly to unsustainable levels. High-technology molecular imaging procedures such as PET/CT and SPECT/CT have developed rapidly in the past decade, and new radiopharmaceuticals have been
Using multiple measures to predict confidence in instance classification

Selecting an effective method for combining the votes of classifiers in an ensemble can have a significant impact on the ensemble's overall classification accuracy. Some methods cannot even achieve as high a classification accuracy as the most accurate individual classifying component. To address this issue, we present the strategy of Aggregate Confidence Ensembles, which uses multiple measures to estimate a classifier's confidence in its predictions on an instance-by-instance basis. Using these confidence estimators to weight the votes in an ensemble results in an overall average increase in classification accuracy compared to the most accurate classifier in the ensemble. These aggregate measures result in higher classification accuracy than using a collection of single confidence estimates. Aggregate Confidence Ensembles outperform three baseline ensemble creation strategies, as well as the methods of Modified Stacking and Arbitration, both in terms of average classification accuracy and algorithm-by-algorithm comparisons in accuracy over 36 data sets.
Analysis of opportunistic spectrum sharing with markovian arrivals and phase-type service

We develop a general framework for analyzing the performance of an opportunistic spectrum sharing (OSS) wireless system at the session level with Markovian arrivals and phasetype service times. The OSS system consists of primary or licensed users of the spectrum and secondary users that sense the channel status and opportunistically share the spectrum resources with the primary users in a coverage area. When a secondary user with an active session detects an arrival of a primary session in its current channel, the secondary user leaves the channel quickly and switches to an idle channel, if one is available, to continue the session. Otherwise, the secondary session is preempted and moved to a preemption queue. The OSS system is modeled by a multi-dimensional Markov process. We derive explicit expressions for the related transition rate matrices using matrix-analytic methods. We also obtain expressions for several performance measures of interest, and present both analytic and simulation results in terms of these performance measures. The proposed OSS model encompasses a large class of specific models as special cases, and should be useful for modeling and performance evaluation of future opportunistic spectrum sharing systems.
Anterior knee stiffness changes in laxity "responders" versus "nonresponders" across the menstrual cycle.

Context : Although changes in anterior knee laxity (AKL) across the menstrual cycle have been reported, the effects of cyclic knee laxity changes on the underlying characteristics of the load-displacement (stiffness) curve generated during anterior loading of the tibia relative to the femur are relatively unknown. Objective : To describe the anterior load-displacement curve during anterior loading of the tibia relative to the femur using incremental stiffnesses and to compare underlying stiffness measures between days of the cycle when AKL is at its minimum and maximum. Design : Descriptive laboratory study. Setting : University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants : Fifty-seven recreationally active women. Main Outcome Measure(s) : Anterior knee laxity and 6 incremental stiffness measures (N/mm) were obtained with an instrumented knee arthrometer on days 1–6 of menses and days 0–8 postovulation during 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. Participants were then classified in tertiles based on the maximum...
Reconstitution of recombinant N-formyl chemotactic peptide receptor with G protein.

A recombinant human neutrophil N-forinyl peptide receptor (rFPR) expressed in transfected mouse fIbroblasts (TX2 cells) was analyzed for its ability to couple physically with the heterotrimeric C protein, G�. Im- munoprecipitation of photoaffinity-labeled rFPR and en- dogenous neutrophil formyl peptide receptor (nFPR) with an anti-FPR peptide antibody demonstrated that the receptors were identical in both size and extent of glycosylation. Coupling of rFPR with endogenous TX2 Gwas demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation of the two proteins with an anti-G1 antibody. Moreover, rFPR was able to form a physical complex with purified G1 in a soluble reconstitution system. We observed similar affinities of rFPR and nFPR for G1. This report provides the first direct evidence that rFPR associates physically with G1 and provides a foundation for analysis of the G protein coupling capacity of mutant rFPRs. J. Leukoc. Rio!. 53: 470-474; 1993.
Comparison of Three Sodium Chloride Chemical Treatments for Adult Zebra Mussel Decontamination

ABSTRACT Chemical treatment for the control of the spread of zebra mussels in watercraft is typically focused on the early life stages of the mussel. Adult mussels may be spread via attachment or entangling to gear that is brought on board. Sodium chloride is a chemical that has been recommended for use during some aquacultural practices as a mussel disinfectant. The effectiveness of three sodium chloride-based salts (high-grade sodium chloride, iodized table salt, and water softener salt) was examined for their use as an adult zebra mussel decontamination solution. High-grade sodium chloride and iodized table salt both caused complete mortality at 30.000 mg/l in 24 h. Water softener salt caused complete mortality at the same concentration at 48 h. Iodized table salt caused complete mortality at a lower concentration faster than the laboratory-grade sodium chloride. On the basis of the results of this study, iodized table salt may be an acceptable alternative to high-grade sodium chloride for decontaminat...
Biodegradable Polymers for the Controlled Delivery of Vaccines

New methods for the efficient and effective administration of vaccines are required particularly with the advent of new synthetic subunit vaccines. This chapter describes the approaches of several research groups to administer vaccines using biodegradable polymer carriers. Delivery systems composed of synthetic poly[esters] and poly[iminocarbonates] and natural (crosslinked serum albumin) biodegradable polymers are described. The antibody levels in response to these systems are presented, and possible mechanisms responsible for the observed effects are discussed. The important questions that need to be answered before this technology can be successfully applied are also discussed.
Preference for Moral Reasoning and Conflict Compromise Theory

The Defining Issues Test was administered to 55 male and 55 female undergraduates under three instructional sets: “decide which would be the most important issues” (a) for you, (b) for others (your fellow students), and (c) that you would most admire. As predicted from conflict compromise and value theories, there was a significant effect of instructional sets, and the pattern of the means was in the expected order other < self < most admired. The results were interpreted as evidence that higher staged issues are positively valued and that persons are motivated to be above average in their preferences for issues. Conflict compromise and value theories may be helpful in understanding the process by which persons respond to the test and in predicting conditions under which group discussion of moral dilemmas will result in shifts in preferences for higher staged reasoning.
Institutional strategies for dealing with sexual harassment

Sexual harassment is being recognized as a pervasive and highly visible problem at an institutional level. As a consequence institutions are establishing policies and procedures to address this issue. In view of recent legal decisions, sexual harassment can have negative consequences for the institution as well as the harassee; thus, in some institutions, sexual harassment is viewed as a common problem shared by employers and employees. This article addresses institutional strategies that have proven effective in proactively dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace.
Cross-Validation of Privacy Factors:

A questionnaire previously developed to measure six privacy factors—Reserve, Isolation, Solitude, Intimacy with Family, Intimacy with Friends, and Anonymity—was administered to 56 subjects for the ...
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Anilinide and Acidity of Aniline

The photoelectron spectrum of the anilinide ion has been measured. The spectrum exhibits a vibrational progression of the CCC in-plane bending mode of the anilino radical in its electronic ground state. The observed fundamental frequency is 524 ± 10 cm–1. The electron affinity (EA) of the radical is determined to be 1.607 ± 0.004 eV. The EA value is combined with the N–H bond dissociation energy of aniline in a negative ion thermochemical cycle to derive the deprotonation enthalpy of aniline at 0 K; ΔacidH0(PhHN–H) = 1535.4 ± 0.7 kJ mol–1. Temperature corrections are made to obtain the corresponding value at 298 K and the gas-phase acidity; ΔacidH298(PhHN–H) = 1540.8 ± 1.0 kJ mol–1 and ΔacidG298(PhHN–H) = 1509.2 ± 1.5 kJ mol–1, respectively. The compatibility of this value in the acidity scale that is currently available is examined by utilizing the acidity of acetaldehyde as a reference.
Exploring Differences in College Student Financial Wellness by Institution Type

The authors argue that there are multiple dimensions of financial wellness that student affairs practitioners must consider when understanding and helping students improve their financial wellness. Data were analyzed from more than 3,000 students attending 19 two- and four-year colleges in one midwestern state to uncover underlying factors of financial wellness, how these factors are related, and how they vary across institution type. The authors offer recommendations for supporting students’ financial wellness.
192 MODULATION OF AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS BY A GLYCOSYLATED ANALOG PEPTIDE OF TYPE II COLLAGEN.

Susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is strongly associated with the expression of specific HLA class II alleles, especially HLA-DRB1*0101 (DR1) and DRB1*0401 (DR4). Since HLA class II molecules are known to regulate immunity, it is likely that RA susceptibility is related to an immune reaction. We have focused on type II collagen (CII) as a candidate autoantigen since it is the predominant protein of articular cartilage, and autoimmunity to CII is commonly detected in patients with RA. The immunodominant peptide, recognized by T cells from DR1 transgenic mice, was identified as CII(260-267). Moreover, an analog peptide CII (256-276, N263, D266) with two critical substitutions was developed that can ameliorate disease when administered after the onset of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). A recent mass spectroscopic analysis of enzymatic cleavage products of CII indicated that the lysine residue at 264 is partially hydroxylated and also glycosylated. To directly investigate the role of hydroxylysine glycosides, we, in collaboration with Dr. Gregg Fields, synthesized an analog peptide, CII (256-276, L264 gal, N263, D266), containing an hydroxylysine galactoside at residue 264. When mice are treated with this peptide, we show clearly an enhanced potency of glycosylated analogs in modulating the arthritis severity in DR 1 Tg mice. This modulation is associated with an overall increase in the IL-4 response to CII. There is also a decrease in the IGg2a antibody subclass response to collagen, together with an increase in the IGg1 response. Data supporting these conclusions will be presented.
The microwave dispels-in the graphite oven atom absorption spectrographic methods determination tea lead

Objective:Establishes in the tea the lead microwave to dispel-the graphite oven atom absorption spectrographic methods determination method.Methods:Microwave resolution,Graphite oven atom absorption spectrographic methods determination.Results:Sample pre-treatment process was simplified.The limit of detection was 0.16 μg/L and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9994.The relative standard deviation was 1.23% and the average recovery rate was in the range of 97.2%～102.9%.Conclusion:This method with good accuracy and high sensitivity,which is highly effective,fast and practical in the determination of tea.
Efficient and Scalable Workflows for Genomic Analyses

Recent growth in the volume of DNA sequence data and associated computational costs of extracting meaningful information warrants the need for efficient computational systems at-scale. In this work, we propose the Illinois Genomics Execution Environment (IGen), a framework for efficient and scalable genome analyses. The design philosophy of IGen is based on algorithmic analysis and extensive measurements on compute- and data-intensive genomic analyses workflows (such as variant discovery and genotyping analysis) executed on high-performance and cloud computing infrastructures. IGen leverages the advantages of existing designs and proposes new software improvements to overcome the ine ciencies we observe in our measurements. Based on these composite improvements, we demonstrate that IGen is able to accelerate the alignment from 13.1 hours to 10.8 hours (1.2x) and the variant from 10.1 hours to 1.25 hours (8x) calling on a single node, and its modular design scales e ciently in a parallel computing environment.