cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uptake of protein in swallowed amniotic fluid by monkey fetal intestine in utero.

Horseradish peroxidase, a macromolecular protein of mol wt ~ 40,000 was injected into the amniotic sac of 4 pregnant monkeys. Seven hours later, segments of fetal small intestine were fixed, sectioned, and incubated for peroxidase in a diaminobenzidine-hydrogen peroxide medium. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed peroxidase uptake in 3 animals, 2 of which represented term fetuses and 1 a middle trimester fetus. Absorbed peroxidase granules were most abundant in cells lining the upper regions of the villi and were found throughout the cytoplasm of the apical half of the cells. Frozen sections incubated for both acid phosphatase and peroxidase revealed a superimposed reaction for both enzymes in the cell apex, suggesting that at least part of the incorporated peroxidase is degraded by lysosomes. Thus, the monkey fetal intestine has the capacity to take up macromolecular protein contained within swallowed amniotic fluid. It may prove feasible to introduce compounds beneficial to the developing human fetus via the amniotic fluid.
AAFP recommends universal screening for HIV infection beginning at age 18 years of age.

The AAFP recommends delaying the start of routine HIV screening until 18 years of age, and screening all patients 18 to 65 years of age. The AAFP notes that screening younger patients may still be beneficial based on high-risk behaviors.
Synergistic interactions between interleukin-11 and interleukin-4 in support of proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors of mice

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a newly identified lymphohematopoietic cytokine originally derived from the primate bone marrow stromal cell line, PU-34. Separately, we reported that IL-11 augments IL-3-dependent proliferation of primitive murine hematopoietic progenitors in culture. We have now examined the synergistic interactions between IL-11 and IL- 4 in support of colony formation from marrow cells of mice treated 2 days before with 150 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil. Neither recombinant human IL- 11 nor murine IL-4 alone was effective in the support of colony formation. When the two factors were combined, there was major enhancement of colony formation, including that of multilineage colony- forming cells. Serial observations (mapping studies) of development of multipotential blast cell colonies indicated that the synergy between IL-11 and IL-4 is due in part to shortening of the dormant period of the stem cells, an effect very similar to that of IL-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The combination of IL-11 and IL-4 may be useful in the stimulation of dormant hematopoietic stem cells in vivo.
Process Simulation Models for Polymer Composite Manufacturing

(1991). Process Simulation Models for Polymer Composite Manufacturing. Materials and Processing Report: Vol. 6, No. 8-9, pp. 4-6.
Dynamic mechanical and thermal analysis of reactive poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) rubber-modified polybenzoxazine resin

An amine-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (ATBAN) was introduced to polybenzoxazine by the modification of monomer prior to curing. After the thermally induced ring-opening reaction, a mixture of two network structures was formed. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to study the relaxation behaviour in different temperature regions and thermal properties of the modified system were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Apicoectomy of maxillary anterior teeth through a piezoelectric bony-window osteotomy: two case reports introducing a new technique to preserve cortical bone

Two case reports describing a new technique of creating a repositionable piezoelectric bony window osteotomy during apicoectomy in order to preserve bone and act as an autologous graft for the surgical site are described. Endodontic microsurgery of anterior teeth with an intact cortical plate and large periapical lesion generally involves removal of a significant amount of healthy bone in order to enucleate the diseased tissue and manage root ends. In the reported cases, apicoectomy was performed on the lateral incisors of two patients. A piezoelectric device was used to create and elevate a bony window at the surgical site, instead of drilling and destroying bone while making an osteotomy with conventional burs. Routine microsurgical procedures - lesion enucleation, root-end resection, and filling - were carried out through this window preparation. The bony window was repositioned to the original site and the soft tissue sutured. The cases were re-evaluated clinically and radiographically after a period of 12 - 24 months. At follow-up, radiographic healing was observed. No additional grafting material was needed despite the extent of the lesions. The indication for this procedure is when teeth present with an intact or near-intact buccal cortical plate and a large apical lesion to preserve the bone and use it as an autologous graft.
GABA Signaling Stimulates β Cell Regeneration in Diabetic Mice.

GABA and the antimalarial drug artemether, which acts on GABAergic pathways, can drive pancreatic cells with an α-cell phenotype toward a β-cell-like phenotype. As reported in two papers (Ben-Othman et al. and Li et al.), these drugs can stimulate the production of sufficient numbers of new β-like cells to reverse severe diabetes in mice.
Are children's vitamin D levels and BMI associated with antibody titers produced in response to 2014-2015 influenza vaccine?

ABSTRACTBackground: Vitamin D is an immunomodulating hormone, which has been associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases.Methods: Serum vitamin D levels in 135 children ages 3–17 y were measured at baseline and hemagglutinin influenza antibody titers were measured pre- and 21 d post influenza vaccination with live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) or inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Height and weight were derived from the electronic medical record and were used to calculate body mass index (BMI).Results: Thirty-nine percent of children were ages 3–8 years; 75% were black, 34% were obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile); vitamin D levels were >20 ng/ml in 55%. In linear regression analyses, post vaccination antibody titers for LAIV B lineages (B Brisbane and B Massachusetts) were significantly higher among those with lower vitamin D levels and among younger participants (P < 0.05). No associations between vitamin D levels and responses to LAIV A strains (A/H1N1 and A/H3N2) or to any IIV strains or l...
Post-traumatic headache: the use of the sport concussion assessment tool (SCAT-3) as a predictor of post-concussion recovery

Given that post-traumatic headache is one of the most prevalent and long-lasting post-concussion sequelae, causes significant morbidity, and might be associated with slower neurocognitive recovery, we sought to evaluate the use of concussion screening scores in a concussion clinic population to assess for post-traumatic headache. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 254 concussion patients from the New York University (NYU) Concussion Registry. Data on the headache characteristics, concussion mechanism, concussion screening scores were collected and analyzed. 72% of the patients had post-traumatic headache. About half (56.3%) were women. The mean age was 35 (SD 16.2). 90 (35%) patients suffered from sport-related concussions (SRC). Daily post-traumatic headache patients had higher Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT)-3 symptom severity scores than the non-daily post-traumatic headache and the headache-free patients (50.2 [SD 28.2] vs. 33.1 [SD 27.5] vs. 21.6 SD23], p < 0.001). Patients with SRC had lower headache intensity (4.47 [SD 2.5] vs. 6.24 [SD 2.28], p < 0.001) and SCAT symptom severity scores (33.9 [SD 27.4] vs. 51.4 [SD 27.7], p < 0.001) than the other patients, but there were no differences in post-traumatic headache prevalence, frequency, and Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) scores. The presence and frequency of post-traumatic headache are associated with the SCAT-3 symptom severity score, which is the most important predictor for post-concussion recovery. The SCAT-3 symptom severity score might be a useful tool to help characterize patients’ post-traumatic headache.
Round Robin Systems

Part II of this book is focused on the experimental techniques developed to study jointed structures, as well as the systems designed to refine those techniques. Within this part, there are two different categories for round robins discussed in the context of the joints challenges: a round robin on the measurement and prediction of dissipation, and a round robin on hysteresis measurements. The round robin on the measurement and prediction of dissipation in dynamic structures is focused on the establishment of a benchmark system that facilitates the development of consistent techniques to both measure and predict the damping in a nonlinear structure. The hysteresis round robin, on the other hand, is concerned with consistently measuring the frictional hysteresis loop for a given pair of materials. At the core of the round robin/benchmark challenge is the development of a common system to measure and model. This chapter presents an overview of the common benchmark systems, and provides perspectives on what is important for developing a new benchmark system.
Field-Scale Testing and Numerical Investigation of Soil-Boulder Interaction under Vehicular Impact Using FEM and Coupled FEM-SPH Formulations

A computational approach that couples the Finite Element Method and the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method may be advantageous for simulating the response of complex, physical systems involving...
Cesium sorption reversibility and kinetics on illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite.

Abstract Understanding sorption and desorption processes is essential to predicting the mobility of radionuclides in the environment. We investigate adsorption/desorption of cesium in both binary (Cs + one mineral) and ternary (Cs + two minerals) experiments to study component additivity and sorption reversibility over long time periods (500 days). Binary Cs sorption experiments were performed with illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite in a 5 mM NaCl/0.7 mM NaHCO3 solution (pH 8) and Cs concentration range of 10–3 to 10–11 M. The binary sorption experiments were followed by batch desorption experiments. The sorption behavior was modeled with the FIT4FD code and the results used to predict desorption behavior. Sorption to montmorillonite and kaolinite was linear over the entire concentration range but sorption to illite was non-linear, indicating the presence of multiple sorption sites. Based on the 14 day batch desorption data, cesium sorption appeared irreversible at high surface loadings in the case of illite but reversible at all concentrations for montmorillonite and kaolinite. A novel experimental approach, using a dialysis membrane, was adopted in the ternary experiments, allowing investigation of the effect of a second mineral on Cs desorption from the original mineral. Cs was first sorbed to illite, montmorillonite or kaolinite, then a 3.5–5 kDalton Float-A-Lyzer® dialysis bag with 0.3 g of illite was introduced to each experiment inducing desorption. Nearly complete Cs desorption from kaolinite and montmorillonite was observed over the experiment, consistent with our equilibrium model, indicating complete Cs desorption from these minerals. Results from the long-term ternary experiments show significantly greater Cs desorption compared to the binary desorption experiments. Approximately ~ 45% of Cs desorbed from illite. However, our equilibrium model predicted ~ 65% desorption. Importantly, the data imply that in some cases, slow desorption kinetics rather than permanent fixation may play an important role in apparent irreversible Cs sorption.
Lower Mantle Substructure Embedded in the Farallon Plate: The Hess Conjugate

The morphologies of subducted remnants in the lower mantle are essential to our understanding of the history of plate tectonism. Here we image a high-velocity slab-like (HVSL) anomaly beneath the southeastern U.S. using waveforms from five deep earthquakes beneath South America recorded by the USArray. In addition to travel time anomalies, the multipathing of S and ScS phases at different distances are used to constrain the HVSL model. We jointly invert S and ScS traveltimes, amplitudes, and waveform complexities to produce a best fitting block model characterized by a rectangular shape with a 2.5% S wave velocity increase and tapered edges. While the Farallon slab is expected to dip primarily eastward, the HVSL structure apparently dips 40° to 50° to the SE and appears to be related to the eclogitized Hess conjugate.
Understanding the Factors that Influence Perceptions of Post-Wildfire Landscape Recovery Across 25 Wildfires in the Northwestern United States

Disturbances such as wildfire are important features of forested landscapes. The trajectory of changes following wildfires (often referred to as landscape recovery) continues to be an important research topic among ecologists and wildfire scientists. However, the landscape recovery process also has important social dimensions that may or may not correspond to ecological or biophysical perspectives. Perceptions of landscape recovery may affect people's attitudes and behaviors related to forest and wildfire management. We explored the variables that influence people's perceptions of landscape recovery across 25 fires that occurred in 2011 or 2012 in the United States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana and that represented a range of fire behavior characteristics and landscape impacts. Residents near each of the 25 fires were randomly selected to receive questionnaires about their experiences with the nearby fire, including perceived impacts and how the landscape had recovered since the fire. People generally perceived landscapes as recovering, even though only one to two years had passed. Regression analysis suggested that perceptions of landscape recovery were positively related to stronger beliefs about the ecological role of fire and negatively related to loss of landscape attachment, concern about erosion, increasing distance from the fire perimeter, and longer lasting fires. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis indicated that the above relationships were largely consistent across fires. These findings highlight that perceptions of post-fire landscape recovery are influenced by more than vegetation changes and include emotional and cognitive factors. We discuss the management implications of these findings.
Logical Pluralism from a Pragmatic Perspective

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new view of logical pluralism. This pluralism takes into account how the logical connectives shift, depending on the context in which they occur. Using the Question-Under-Discussion Framework as formulated by Craige Roberts, I identify the contextual factor that is responsible for this shift. I then provide an account of the meanings of the logical connectives which can accommodate this factor. Finally, I suggest that this new pluralism has a certain Carnapian flavour. Questions about the meanings of the connectives or the best logic outside of a specified context are not legitimate questions.
Bis­(tetra­phenyl­phospho­nium) bis­(tetra­seleno­molybdato)­palladate(II)

In the title compound, (C24H20P)2[Pd(MoSe4)2], the [Pd(MoSe4)2]2− anion has the PdII atom on a crystallographic inversion center with distorted square-planar geometry, coordinated by two nearly tetra­hedral bidentate MoSe42− ligands. It is the first complex of palladium and tetra­seleno­molybdate to be structurally characterized.
Rat Models of Cognitive Aging

Abstract Naturally occurring rat models of cognitive aging are useful tools to investigate the underlying neurobiological changes that contribute to memory loss in later life. Fischer 344 and F344 × Brown Norway F1 rats are two strains available from the National Institutes of Health for use in aging research. Both strains of rat exhibit age-related impairment of spatial learning using the classic Morris water maze and newer behavioral tasks have identified concurrent changes in perceptual discrimination abilities that rely on contributions from interconnected cortical regions in the medial temporal lobe. The prefrontal cortex is also susceptible to decline with normal age. Aging rats are impaired across a series of operant tasks that specifically evaluate prefrontal-dependent working memory, cognitive flexibility, and decision-making. Behaviorally characterized aging rat models provide direct insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of discrete forms of cognitive change with age that can direct the design of new therapies to protect or rescue cognition in later life.
The Effects of Relative Humidity and Substrate Moisture on Rooting of Hybrid Hazelnuts from Hardwood Stem Cuttings1

Abstract Hybrid hazelnuts (Corylus americana Walter x C. avellana L.) are currently being bred for use as a cold-hardy perennial crop that could produce profits for Midwestern farms while supporting agroecosystem sustainability. However, asexual propagation techniques for producing germplasm for breeding and dissemination purposes have proven difficult. This study was one of a series attempting to develop a protocol for hardwood stem cutting propagation. This study assessed the impact that relative humidity (RH) and substrate moisture has on rooting of hardwood stem cuttings propagated in low-cost humidity tents. Hardwood stem cuttings retrieved from 14 hybrid hazelnut genotypes were planted into enclosed humidity tents, each housing 64 cuttings. Treatments were RH thresholds of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%, which were maintained by daily monitoring and watering to saturate the substrate when a tent's RH fell below its specified RH threshold. Cuttings propagated in 50% and 70% RH tents showed the highest rates ...
Turbulence in Supersonic and Hypersonic Boundary Layers

A summary is given of the behavior of turbulent boundary layers in supersonic and hypersonic flow where the effects of compressibility have a direct influence on the turbulence. Experimental and DNS results are presented and
Should Sexual Harassment Constitute an Act Discreditable to the Profession? A Philosophical Look at a Practical Ethical Question

Rule 501 of the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct prohibits acts that are discreditable to the profession. Sexual harassment is considered to be an act that is discreditable to the profession. This article looks at the philosophical and practical questions that arise when one digs beneath the surface of Rule 501 in an attempt to determine whether sexual harassment should be classified as an act that is discreditable to the profession. The author also explores the general concept of what might be considered an act that is discreditable to the profession and questions whether there should be such a rule that prohibits personal conduct that does not violate rights.
D0 top quark cross section for the 1992--1995 tevatron run

We present a measurement of the t{bar t} cross section in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV using dilepton and single lepton final states. This analysis uses about 100 pb{sup -1} of data collected with the D0 detector at Fermilab during the 1992-1995 run. Analyses in two other final states are also presented. 13 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Chapter 1 – A History of Electricity and Magnetism, to Conservation of Charge

This chapter discusses the history of electricity and magnetism and explains the amber effect—the effect by which electricity was discovered. In the 17th century, William Gilbert did a systematic study of the amber effect. Unlike Peregrinus, who used only spherical magnets, Gilbert also used long thin magnets and thus was aware that like magnetic poles repel. By the early 18th century, better generators of electricity (rubbed glass) and better detectors of electricity (cloth threads and leaf brass) had been discovered. The chapter reviews the electric fluid model by Franklin. Franklin's electrical fluid could be transferred; however, like other fluids, it could not be created or destroyed. Thus, it satisfied the conservation law. With the excess electrical fire on the inside driving off electrical fire from the outer surface, despite the impermeable glass, Franklin's model distinguished between conduction of the “electrical virtue” and its effect on matter—such as polarization or electrostatic induction. The early history of electricity shows that early scientists had a difficult time distinguishing the “stuff” of electricity from its effects.
Surface Passivated InN Nanowire and Graphene Heterojunction Based Memtransistor

Since the discovery of graphene, there have been countless attempts to utilize its exceptional electronic, optical and mechanical properties. Forming a mixed dimensional heterojunction between graphene and a zero or one dimensional material (quantum dot or nanowire) can unlock even more interesting applications. These applications range from RF devices to highly sensitive chemical sensors [1]–[4]. In our prior works [4]–[5], we demonstrated some interesting results on graphene/InN heterojunction, where an electrically tunable Schottky barrier could be formed between graphene and InN nanowires using oxygen plasma based passivation of the nanowires. In this work, we demonstrate the electrically tunable memristive behavior of such graphene/InN nanowire based barristors (gate controlled Schottky barrier transistor).
Using behavioral insights to increase attendance at subsidized preschool programs: The Show Up to Grow Up intervention

Abstract We implemented a field experiment called Show Up to Grow Up designed to increase attendance and diminish chronic absences at subsidized preschool programs in Chicago. We sent personalized text messages to parents targeting malleable factors that potentially drive absences from preschool. Using administrative records from preschools, we find that the intervention increased attended days by 2.5 (0.15 standard deviations) and decreased chronic absenteeism by 9.3 percentage points (20%) over an 18-week period. Our results suggest that the treatment impact is stronger among those in the bottom quantiles of the attendance distribution. Survey data collected at baseline suggest that our intervention made the importance of preschool more salient to parents who initially reported lower expectations for attendance and weaker beliefs about the importance of attendance to their children’s development. Preschool centers may save resources by implementing low-cost light-touch interventions to meet attendance requirements.
Surgery for limited stage small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumor type characterized by rapid growth and overall poor prognosis. For the past several decades, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have served as the cornerstone of treatment. Recently, however, the role of surgery for early stage disease has gained considerable interest. Multiple retrospective and observational studies have shown excellent survival for early stage SCLC treated with surgical resection. We herein review the past and present evidence regarding surgical options for limited stage SCLC.
Knowledge Fusion and Semantic Knowledge Ranking for Open Domain Question Answering

Open Domain Question Answering requires systems to retrieve external knowledge and perform multi-hop reasoning by composing knowledge spread over multiple sentences. In the recently introduced open domain question answering challenge datasets, QASC and OpenBookQA, we need to perform retrieval of facts and compose facts to correctly answer questions. In our work, we learn a semantic knowledge ranking model to re-rank knowledge retrieved through Lucene based information retrieval systems. We further propose a "knowledge fusion model" which leverages knowledge in BERT-based language models with externally retrieved knowledge and improves the knowledge understanding of the BERT-based language models. On both OpenBookQA and QASC datasets, the knowledge fusion model with semantically re-ranked knowledge outperforms previous attempts.
Unreality in America: Reading Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk in a Post-Truth Age

In discussions of post-truth, writers have on the whole assumed that it is primarily a new phenomenon related to the 2016 election. However momentous that election was, the proliferation of post-tr...
Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for CYP2B6 Enzyme Activity.

The CYP2B6 gene is highly polymorphic and its activity shows wide interindividual variability. However, substantial variability in CYP2B6 activity remains unexplained by the known CYP2B6 genetic variations. Circulating, cell-free micro RNAs (miRNAs) may serve as biomarkers of hepatic enzyme activity. CYP2B6 activity in 72 healthy volunteers was determined using the disposition of efavirenz as a probe drug. Circulating miRNA expression was quantified from baseline plasma samples. A linear model consisting of the effects of miRNA expression, genotype-determined metabolizer status, and demographic information was developed to predict CYP2B6 activity. Expression of 2,510 miRNAs were quantified out of which 7 miRNAs, together with the CYP2B6-genotypic metabolizer status and demographics, was shown to be predictive markers for CYP2B6 activity. The reproducibility of the model was evaluated by cross-validation. The average Pearson's correlation (R) between the predicted and observed maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) ratios of efavirenz and its metabolite-8-OH efavirenz using the linear model with all features (7 miRNA + metabolizer status + age + sex + race) was 0.6702. Similar results were also observed using area under the curve (AUC) ratios (Pearson correlation's R = 0.6035). Thus, at least 36% (R2 ) of the variability of in vivo CYP2B6 activity was explained using this model. This is a significant improvement over the models using only the genotype-based metabolizer status or the demographic information, which explained only 6% or less of the variability of in vivo CYP2B6 activity. Our results, therefore, demonstrate that circulating plasma miRNAs can be valuable biomarkers for in vivo CYP2B6 activity.
Brugada Syndrome: Death Reveals its Perpetrator

Abstract Rapid diagnosis of Brugada syndrome is critical to therapy, which is aimed at reversing provoking factors to suppress/terminate malignant arrhythmias. This case highlights the diagnosis and peri-operative management of patients with Brugada syndrome at high risk for sudden cardiac death. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)
Chapter 11.4. DENZO and SCALEPACK

This chapter describes the analysis of raw diffraction data, used to produce scaled and merged diffraction amplitudes. The general description of the process is provided within the context of how it is performed in the programs DENZO and SCALEPACK. The data analysis determines many parameters of the diffraction experiment that impact the quality of the final result, providing a flexible and robust approach to problems encountered by crystallographers. Topics covered include: diffraction from a perfect crystal lattice; autoindexing; coordinate systems; experimental assumptions; prediction of the diffraction pattern; detector diagnostics; multiplicative corrections (scaling); global or post refinement; and control through a graphical interface. Keywords: absolute configuration; autoindexing; coordinate systems; coordinate systems in DENZO; detector distortions; diffraction-pattern prediction; diffraction physics; flood-field detector calibration; indexing; lattice pseudosymmetry in autoindexing; lattice symmetry in autoindexing; misindexing; mosaicity; post refinement; scaling; twinning
Evaporation of droplets capable of bearing viruses airborne and on hydrophobic surfaces

Airborne and deposited water microdroplets can carry viruses including coronaviruses. The evaporation of microdroplets containing virus particles often leads to virus inactivation. Microdroplet evaporation involves various mechanisms such as diffusion, the Kelvin effect, infrared irradiation, and the role of solutes. For the evaporation of airborne water microdroplets, temperature and relative humidity of ambient air are important factors. However, for sessile droplets deposited on solid surfaces, wetting and porosity become important factors that control evaporation on regular, superhydrophobic, and photocatalytic surfaces. An experimental study of the effect of wetting properties and porosity on the evaporation rates on the polypropylene non-woven medical fabric was consistent with the theoretical models. Highly porous tile surfaces exhibited 2.2–4 times faster evaporation rates than nonporous surfaces.
Transforming Trauma With Lifestyle Medicine

A common misconception is that trauma—“injury” to the mind, body, and spirit—comes only to those individuals who have experienced threats of death, sexual violence, or serious injury. The SARS-CoV-...
MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE-LINKED REACTIONS IN CARCINOGENESIS:CHANGE IN STEREOSELECTIVE UNCOUPLING OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION BY ALIPHATIC DICARBONYLS AND IN THE ARRHENIUS PLOT OF NADH-INDOPHENOL REDUCTASE

The previously observed alterations in the energy transducing system of rat liver mitochondria during 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) carcinogenesis were investigated using aliphatic dicarbonyl compounds as molecular probes and the effect of temperature on the membrane-linked NADH-indophenol reductase. The vicinal diketone, diacetyl, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in normal rat liver mitochondria while the higher diketones, acetylacetone and acetonylacetone, are increasingly less effective in that order; diacetyl totally abolishes respiratory control with substrates the oxidation of which involves the NADH leads to CoQ segment, but only partially with succinate which bypasses this segment. Diacetyl, likewise, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria from rats fed 3'-Me-DAB, but the mitochondria are most resistant to this uncoupling (in terms of the P/O ratio) at the time period when the respiratory control index (determined in the absence of diacetyl) is at the dye-induced minmum. This time period is at 3 to 4 weeks of dye administration, representing the cumulative dose for tumorigenesis threshold. At this threshold period of feeding 3'-Me-DAB, discontinuities in the Arrhenius plot of the mitochondrial membrane-localized NADH-indophenol reductase appear, with a return toward the control state (no break) at 8 weeks, only to reappear in the plot of the enzyme from tumor mitochondria, suggesting sequential membrane phase transitions in the mitochondria during azo dye carcinogenesis.
Physiologic and Pathologic Roles of Prostaglandins and Other Eicosanoids in Bone Metabolism

Prostaglandins are potent regulators of bone formation and bone resorption that can have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. They are likely to play a central role in the ability of the skeleton to respond to mechanical forces as well as to humoral mediators. The stimulatory and inhibitory responses appear to have different structure-activity relations and signal transduction pathways. Prostaglandin production by both bone and adjacent marrow cells is highly regulated by hormones, cytokines and growth factors, largely through changes in the inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase. Further studies of the role of prostaglandins in bone metabolism may lead to a better understanding of the physiologic and pathologic responses of the skeleton and to new approaches to metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of left main disease.

Background Left main disease (LMD), defined as ≥ 50% lesion stenosis, occurs in 3% to 5% of patients undergoing catheterization. Limited data on the value of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging for diagnosis of LMD exists. Hypothesis This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT imaging in the diagnosis of LMD. Methods A total of 74 consecutive patients with LMD, identified from our catheterization lab database (January 2003–December 2007) with gated exercise (15 patients) or adenosine (59 patients), thallium 201, or Tc-99m SPECT imaging within 6 months of index angiography were included. Group 1 (Gp 1) included 33 patients with isolated LMD. Group 2 (Gp 2) consisted of 41 patients with LMD and 1-vessel disease (6); LMD and 2-vessel disease (24); and LMD and 3-vessel disease (11). Results Reversible perfusion defects (PD) were absent in 6 (18%) of Gp 1 and 8 (20%) of Gp 2 patients. Among Gp 1 patients, PD in 1-vessel, 2-vessel, 3-vessel distribution were seen in 20 (61%), 5 (15%), and 2 (6%) patients respectively. In comparison, PD in 1-vessel, 2-vessel, 3-vessel distribution were observed in 20 (49%), 12 (29%), and 1 (2%) of Gp 2 patients respectively. Left main (LM) pattern was noted in 6 patients (Gp 1: 2, Gp 2: 4). Transient ischemic dilatation (TID) was encountered in 34 patients (Gp 1: 17, Gp 2: 17) and in 4 patients with normal perfusion scans. Conclusions These data represent the largest analysis of patients with “isolated” LMD. Approximately 19% of patients with LMD have no reversible PD on SPECT. While LM pattern is rare, 1-vessel distribution PD and TID represent the most frequent SPECT abnormalities. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal growth and physical properties of SrCu 2 As 2 , SrCu 2 Sb 2 , and BaCu 2 Sb 2

We report the growth of single crystals of SrCu2As2, SrCu2Sb2, SrCu2(As0.84Sb0.16)2, and BaCu2Sb2 using the self-flux technique and their structural, magnetic, thermal, and transport properties that were investigated by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility χ, specific heat Cp, and electrical resistivity ρ measurements versus temperature T from 1.8 to 350 K. Rietveld refinements of XRD patterns for crushed crystals confirm that SrCu2As2 crystallizes in the ThCr2Si2-type body-centered tetragonal structure (space group I4/mmm) and SrCu2Sb2 crystallizes in the CaBe2Ge2-type primitive tetragonal structure (space group P4/nmm). However, as reported previously, BaCu2Sb2 is found to have a large unit cell consisting of three blocks. Here a ThCr2Si2-type block is sandwiched between two CaBe2Ge2-type blocks along the c axis with an overall symmetry of I4/mmm, as reported, but likely with a monoclinic distortion. The χ data of all these compounds are diamagnetic and reveal nearly T-independent anisotropic behavior. The χ of SrCu2As2 is found to be larger in the ab plane than along the c axis, as also previously reported for pure and doped BaFe2As2, whereas the χ values of SrCu2Sb2 and BaCu2Sb2 are larger along the c axis. This difference in anisotropy appears to arise from the differences between the crystal structures.more » The finite values of the Sommerfeld linear specific heat coefficients γ and the T dependences of ρ reveal metallic character of all four compounds. The electronic and magnetic properties indicate that these compounds are sp metals with Cu in the nonmagnetic 3d10 electronic configuration corresponding to the oxidation state Cu+1, as previously predicted theoretically for SrCu2As2 by Singh [ Phys. Rev. B 79 153102 (2009)]. We present a brief review of theoretical and experimental work on the doping character of transition metals for Fe in BaFe2As2. The As–As covalent interlayer bond distances in the collapsed-tetragonal (Ca,Sr,Ba)Cu2As2 compounds are much shorter than the nonbonding As–As distances in BaFe2As2. Thus, the electronic character of the Cu and the strength of the As–As interlayer bonding are both expected to drastically change between weakly Cu-substituted BaFe2As2 and pure BaCu2As2, perhaps via a first-order lattice instability such as a miscibility gap in the Ba(Fe1−xCux)2As2 system.« less
Unmasking the the mechanism of action of some medicinal plants used in diabetes mellitus (657.20)

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and metabolic disease affecting many parts of the world. It affects over 347 million people globally and about 25.8% of the American population. The drugs in current use for the management of diabetes mellitus are not free from side effects. As a result of limitations in many conventional antidiabetic agents, researchers are now investigating traditional remedies for better alternatives for diabetic treatment. Blueberry and dandelion are used as food and they have been reported by some workers to have therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus. Some antidiabetic agents e.g. Acarbose reduce conversion of starch and disaccharides to monosaccharides, thereby reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. They do this by inhibiting alpha glucosidases, but they have their side effects. The objective of this study is to examine the alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of some medicinal plants like blueberry and dandelion. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of aqueous extracts o...
Anaesthesia for carotid body tumour resection

Anaesthetic management is described for the resection of a non-secreting carotid body tumour in a woman who had previously had a pneumonectomy. A brief review of the literature includes mention of some of the complications associated with the resection of carotid body tomours.
A complicated kindness: the Iowa famine relief movement and the myth of Midwestern (and American) isolationism.

In December 1892, America's ambassador to St. Petersburg wrote to an Iowa newsman regarding Russia's ongoing famine. Claiming peasant diets consisted of bread made from “rye and straw, rye and bark...
Dose-finding study of hepatic arterial infusion of irinotecan-based treatment in patients with advanced cancers metastatic to the liver

Background Liver metastases are associated with a poor prognosis. We investigated the use of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of irinotecan combination therapy in patients with liver metastases. Patients and methods Patients with histologically confirmed advanced cancer with liver metastases that was refractory to standard therapy were eligible. A standard “3 + 3” phase I study design was used to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Three cohorts were evaluated: HAI of irinotecan with systemic intravenous (IV) (a) bevacizumab, (b) oxaliplatin and bevacizumab, or (c) bevacizumab and cetuximab. Results From October 2009 through December 2013, 98 patients with various tumor types were enrolled (median age, 62 years, range, 34-85; and median number of prior therapies, 4, range, 1–11). In cohorts A and C, dose escalation continued until the highest dose level—considered the MTD—was reached. In cohort B, dose escalation continued until dose level 3, and dose level 2 was considered the MTD. Rates of grade 3/4 adverse events were as follows: diarrhea, 8 %; fatigue, 4 %; neutropenia, 4 %; thrombocytopenia, 2 %; and skin rash, 2 %. Seventy-seven patients were evaluable for response. Partial response was noted in 5 (6.5 %) patients (neuroendocrine cancer, n = 2; CRC, n = 2; NSCLC, n = 1); and stable disease ≥ 6 months in 17 (22.1 %) patients (CRC, n = 13; breast, n = 1; neuroendocrine, n = 1; NSCLC, n = 1; pancreatic, n = 1). Conclusions HAI irinotecan in combination with bevacizumab; oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab; or cetuximab plus bevacizumab was safe and may be a treatment option for selected patients with advanced cancer and liver involvement.
Colonic Adenoma With Squamous Metaplasia

Squamous metaplasia arising within colon adenomas is a rare occurrence, with a 0.4% incidence noted predominantly in elderly males. A case of squamous metaplasia arising in a tubulovillous adenoma of the cecum, associated with adenocarcinoma, is described. Squamous metaplasia was immunoreactive for beta-catenin, but negative for cytokeratin 20, CDX2, p63, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p16, and human papilloma virus. Squamous differentiation may serve as a precursor lesion for squamous neoplasia of the colorectum.
System simulation of a GLV projection system

In this paper, we present a system-level simulation and analysis of a diffractive optical MEM Grating Light Valve. The simulations are performed in a system-level multi-domain CAD framework developed at the University of Pittsburgh. Including the electrical, mechanical, and optical domains, this framework allows the user to design micro-optical systems by examining performance measures of the entire system. In this paper, we provide a brief background of the models that are used for signal and device simulation, and use these results for the simulation and analysis of the promising GLV device for applications in a projection system.
Cohesion in Legislatures and the Vote of Confidence Procedure

W T He present a framework to analyze the effects of constitutional features on legislative voting with respect to cohesion and the distribution of payoffs. We then apply this framework to parliamentary democracies and show how a prominent feature of decision making in parliaments, the vote of confidence procedure, creates an incentive for ruling coalitions to vote together on policy issues that might otherwise split them. The key feature that creates cohesive voting is the fact that votes on bills are treated as votes on who controls floor access in future periods. As a consequence, legislative majorities capture more of the legislative rents from the minority in parliamentary democracies than in nonparliamentary settings.
The Campus as a Frog Pond: An Application of the Theory of Relative Deprivation to Career Decisions of College Men

Data from a large national probability sample of graduating Senior men reveal a patter of findings which suggests the operation of "relative deprivation" in the career decisions of college men. Gennerally speaking, grade-point averages show stronger correlations with career choice than a measure of the intellectual caliber of the student body, although both are equally strongly related to tests of scholastic aptitude. The finding suggests the operation of "relative deprivation," that is, a tendency for students to evaluate their academic ability by comparison with their fellows on the same campus, not in terms of criteria which allow for school differences in ability level. When attitude items regarding feelings of academic successd are introduced into the tabulations, the interpretation is generally, but not completely, supported.
Time, Aging, and the Continuity of Social Structure: Themes and Issues in Generational Analysis

Generational analysis has developed rapidly in recent years. Three progressive stages of theory and research can be traced: (a) a “classic” period during which competing perspectives were developed regarding the impact of youth groups on social structure (Mannheim, Parsons and Eisenstadt, Davis and others); (b) a phase focused on interpretations of the youth protest movement or on processes in old age, and characterized by the development of new conceptual and methodological tools to examine change over time; (c) a period of consolidation and reformulation, with more precise specification of competing theoretical frameworks and the analysis of a growing body of empirical data. From this effort five issues emerge which summarize the perspective of generational analysis: (a) definition and dimensions of “generation” as a construct; (b) assessment of continuity or discontinuity between age groups; (c) exploration of the persistence of generation units over time; (d) analysis of within-generation solidarity; (e) articulation between generations and other dimensions of social structure. A feedback model appears useful in assessing the relationship between generations and social stability or change.
Implementation of the New Institute of Medicine Gestational Weight Gain Guidelines

In May 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) introduced revised gestational weight gain guidelines that were based on balancing the benefits and risks of weight gain for both the mother and child's health. This article provides an overview of these new recommendations, explaining the key changes made from the previous 1990 IOM recommendations. The important role of health care providers of pregnant women in the implementation of the new recommendations is detailed, and specific guidance for troubleshooting issues that may be encountered when helping women achieve appropriate gestational weight gains is provided.
Systemic Neonatal Infection Due to Ureaplasma urealyticum

During the past decade considerable evidence, first based on individual case reports and later on prospective studies, has indicated that Ureaplasma urealyticum may be an important neonatal pathogen. Infections of the bloodstream, respiratory tract, and central nervous system have been documented. Isolation of U. urealyticum from the lower genital tract in a large percentage of healthy women and the likelihood that many may transmit infection to their offspring, either in utero or at delivery, have made it difficult to determine the pathogenic potential of this organism in perinatal infections
STABLE: A BASIC Program for Calculating Stability and Yield-Stability Statistics

There is a worldwide interest among plant breeders, geneticits, and production agronomists in genotype × environment (GE) interaction. A stability analysis is often conducted to estimate and interpret GE interaction. From a practical standpoint, stability statistics and genotype performance (yield) need to be integrated. A DOS-version computer program (STABLE) was developed that calculates Shukla's stability-variance statistic ( 2 i ) and Kang's yield-stability statistic (YS i ) that combines yield and stability of performance into a single selection criterion, STABLE operates on IBM-PCs or compatible microcomputers with a BASIC, GWBASIC, or QBASIC interpreter. Input of data and other information is menu-driven. Output consists of (i) a table showing an analysis of variance, (ii) a table showing genotype means, 2 i , s 2 i (a stability-variance statistic computed from residual GE interaction after removal of heterogeneity due to a covariate), and Wricke's ecovalence (W i ), and (iii) a table showing various statistics and information, such as 2 i , YS i , and genotypes selected on the basis of YS i . This program should be useful for selecting high-yielding, stable genotypes
Amino acid complexes of [Co(III) (trien)]+3

Seven β2 complexes have been investigated and the structural parameters compared with literature values and molecular mechanics calculations. All β2 compounds exhibit the (S,S,λλδ) or, (R,R,δδλ) configuration. Three of the β2 complexes have monocoordinated amino acids or amino acid esters while the amino acid is chelated in the others. The Co−N bondtrans to the amino acid oxygen or a Cl− varies significantly in length due to thetrans-effect. The chelate rings are twisted to minimize torsional interactions and the changes in conformation in the various structures can be modeled by molecular mechanics. In one complex the carbonyl groups of enantiomeric complexes are bridged by silver ions. In β2[Co(trien)(C-formylglycine)]Cl2 · H2O the carbonyl oxygen of the chelated amino acid is protonated and the formyl group exists in the enol form.
Public sphere in Latin America: a map of the historiography

Abstract “Public sphre” is often used by historians of modern Latin America without much concern about its theoretical and methodological implications. Some historians have used it as a model to fit evidence about public debates and politics during the modern period, yet few have engaged it as a theory with deeper methodological and conceptual implications. This article will review the historical literature that has applied Habermas's ideas to Latin American history. Focusing on a few particularly important books, the article will examine potential avenues for research and comparisons. Rather than becoming a new orthodoxy for the study of the region, the theory of the public sphere is establishing a dialogue among historians interested in intellectual phenomena and political discourse (most of them centered on the history of liberalism after independence) and those historians whose interest in social formations have framed their study in terms of hegemony and class domination. The article will argue that ...