cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of available transfer capability and margins

Available transfer capability (ATC) calculation is a complicated task that involves the determination of total transfer capability (TTC) and two margins: transmission reliability margin (TRM) and capacity benefit margin (CBM). Three currently used methods of TTC determination are presented and compared in this paper. Besides these methods, the transfer-based security constrained OPF (TSCOPF) method is proposed in this paper as a replacement of the conventional SCOPF method for use in the deregulation environment. Both TRM and CBM, which account for reliability of the system, are seldom mentioned in papers associated with ATC. This paper presents a probabilistic method to assess TRM and proposes rules and a procedure to allocate CBM and two methods of incorporating CBM into ATC. A modified IEEE RTS is utilized to demonstrate the proposed methods, and the results show that the values of ATC are quite different when margins are taken into account and the methods of incorporating ATC affect the ATC value significantly.
Canopy structure and atmospheric flows in relation to the δ13C of respired CO2 in a subalpine coniferous forest

Stable isotopes provide insight into ecosystem carbon cycling, plant physiological processes, atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics, and are useful for the integration of processes over multiple scales. Of particular interest is the carbon isotope content (d 13 C) of nocturnalecosystem-respired CO2(dR).Recent advances in technology have madeit possible to continuously examine the variation in dR within a forest canopy over relatively long timescales (months‐years). We used tunable diode laser spectroscopy to examine dR at withinand below-canopy spatial locations in a Colorado subalpine forest (the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site). We found a systematic pattern of increased dR within the forest canopy (dR-c) compared to that near the ground (dR-g). Values of dR-c were weakly correlated with the previous day’s mean maximum daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Conversely, there was a negative but still weak correlation between dR-g and time-lagged (0‐5 days) daily mean soil moisture. The topography and presence of sustained nightly drainage flows at the Niwot Ridge forest site suggests that, on nights with stable atmospheric conditions, there is little mixing of air near the ground with that in the canopy. Atmospheric stability was assessed using thresholds of friction velocity, stability above the canopy, and bulk Richardson number within the canopy. When we selectively calculated dR-g and dR-c by removing time periods when ground and canopy air were well mixed, we found stronger correlations between dR-c and VPD, and dR-g and soil moisture. This suggests that there may be fundamental differences in the environmental controls on dR at sub-canopy spatial scales. These results may help explain the wide variance observed in the correlation of dR with different environmental parameters in other studies.
Some Special Topics and Some Loose Ends

Structures that can reasonably thought of as lysosomes have been identified in many different types of plants ranging from yeast and fungi to various higher plants (for reviews see Matile 1969, 1974 and Gahan 1967, 1973, Wilson 1973). The criteria for their identification are substantially the same as those used for animal cells—the presence of characteristic acid hydrolases within membrane-delimited bodies. The hydrolases have been found with biochemical procedures (e.g.,Hoffmann 1971, Matile 1974, Pitt and Gilpin 1973) as well as with cytochemical methods for demonstration of several enzymes (e.g., Berjack 1968, Coulomb 1971, Gahan 1973, Pitt 1968, Reiss 1974, Wilson 1970). Pitt and Coombs (1968) have also successfully employed several of the vital stains found to accumulate in animal cell lysosomes (e.g., neutral red, euchrysin).
Collective transport of complex objects by simple robots: theory and experiments

Ants show an incredible ability to collectively transport complex irregular-shaped objects with seemingly simple coordination. Achieving similarly effective collective transport with robots has potential applications in many settings, from agriculture to construction to disaster relief. In this paper we investigate a simple decentralized strategy for collective transport in which each agent acts independently without explicit coordination. Using a physics-based model, we prove that this strategy is guaranteed to successfully transport a complex object to a target location, even though each agent only knows the target direction and does not know the object shape, weight, its own position, or the position and number of other agents. Using two robot hardware platforms, and a wide variety of complex objects, we validate the strategy through extensive experiments. Finally, we present a set of experiments to demonstrate the versatility of the simple strategy, including transport by 100 robots, transport of an actively moving object, adaptation to change in goal location, and dealing with partially observable goals.
Meson-baryon resonances inU3 ⊗U3 symmetry. — II

The assignment of theJ = 3+/2 meson-baryon resonances to the 45 dimensional representation of Schwinger’sW3 symmetry is considered; mass formulae for the 27-plet and the octet have been obtained. We discuss the various possibilities of assigning charges to the fundamental triplets in this theory and the possibilities of constructing particle states from them. The mass operator is discussed and we show that the single requirement of no mixing in a certain representation is sufficient to yield Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formulae; this requirement imposes the condition that the mass operator transform like a unitary singlet plus the neutral component of a unitary octet. Clebsch-Gordan coefficients involving some nonoctet representations ofSU3 using the phase convention of de Swart, are tabulated in the appendix.
Bioelectrical impedance phase angle as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an easy-to-use, non-invasive, and reproducible technique to evaluate changes in body composition and nutritional status. Phase angle, determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), detects changes in tissue electrical properties and has been hypothesized to be a marker of malnutrition. Since malnutrition can be found in patients with breast cancer, we investigated the prognostic role of phase angle in breast cancer. We evaluated a case series of 259 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America. Kaplan Meier method was used to calculate survival. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of phase angle independent of stage at diagnosis and prior treatment history. Survival was calculated as the time interval between the date of first patient visit to the hospital and the date of death from any cause or date of last contact/last known to be alive. Of 259 patients, 81 were newly diagnosed at our hospital while 178 had received prior treatment elsewhere. 56 had stage I disease at diagnosis, 110 had stage II, 46 had stage III and 34 had stage IV. The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (range 25 – 74 years). The median phase angle score was 5.6 (range = 1.5 – 8.9). Patients with phase angle 5.6 had 49.9 months (95% CI: 35.6 to 77.8; n = 130); the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.031). Multivariate Cox modeling, after adjusting for stage at diagnosis and prior treatment history found that every one unit increase in phase angle score was associated with a relative risk of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.99, P = 0.041). Stage at diagnosis (p = 0.006) and prior treatment history (p = 0.001) were also predictive of survival independent of each other and phase angle. This study demonstrates that BIA-derived phase angle is an independent prognostic indicator in patients with breast cancer. Nutritional interventions targeted at improving phase angle could potentially lead to an improved survival in patients with breast cancer.
Eddy current nondestructive evaluation — The challenge of accurate modeling

Eddy current nondestructive testing (EC NDT) has been used in industry for almost 100 years and in the nuclear power generation industry for over 30 years with mixed results. Whereas the method is robust, it has been plagued by problems of accurate interpretation of results. Computational electromagnetic methods have in the past provided some guidance to testing but were unable to accurately model and interpret the results. Current attempts in modeling based on finite elements in conjunction with surface impedance boundary conditions and accurate modeling of geometry are shown to be much more effective in resolving this long-standing issue. The methods espoused apply well beyond eddy current nondestructive testing and evaluation.
Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States.

A national surveillance study was conducted to determine trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns among three common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Fifteen participating U.S. medical centers submitted clinically significant isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae to two central laboratories for testing with a group of 12 antimicrobial agents. The majority of isolates were recovered from adult males greater than 50 years old. Overall, 84.1% of 378 M. catarrhalis and 16.5% of 564 H. influenzae (29.5% of type b strains; 15.0% of non-type b strains) produced beta-lactamase and were thus resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Resistance in H. influenzae to other agents was 2.1% to tetracycline, 0.7% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 1.1% to cefaclor, and 0.2% to cefuroxime and amoxicillin-clavulanate, while the M. catarrhalis isolates yielded very low MICs of these latter drugs. As demonstrated in prior studies, erythromycin showed little activity against H. influenzae. Of 487 S. pneumoniae isolates, 1 (0.2%) was penicillin resistant, while 3.8% were relatively resistant to penicillin, 4.5% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 2.3% were resistant to tetracycline, 1.2% were resistant to chloramphenicol, and 0.2% were resistant to erythromycin. Overall, the lowest resistance rates for these common bacterial respiratory pathogens were noted with amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, and cefaclor.
HIERARCHICAL SELECTION DECISION SUPPORT PROBLEMS IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

In this paper, the application of the coupled Decision Support Problem (DSP) formulation to hierarchical selection in engineering design is presented. Selection involves making a choice among a number of alternatives taking into account several attributes. The term hierarchical selection refers to selection problems that share a number of coupling attributes among them. If the various selection problems are solved independently without taking the interaction among them into consideration, it is not likely that an overall superior design will be achieved. The uniqueness of the present approach lies on the simultaneous solution of various selection problems by reformulating them as a single compromise DSP. The resulting compromise DSP can be solved using any LP code that has the capability of handling variable coefficients. The approach is illustrated by means of an example involving the hierarchical selection of a heat exchanger concept and a cooling fluid for a specific application. The example, though si...
Dropping CS enrollments: or the emperor's new clothes?

According to CRA [1], the number of new CS majors dropped by approximately 50% from Fall 2000 to Fall 2006. So, what happened right before Fall 2001 when the CS enrollments started dropping?
The Drosophila Shark tyrosine kinase is required for embryonic dorsal closure

Dorsal closure (DC) in the Drosophila embryo requires the coordinated interaction of two different functional domains of the epidermal cell layer-the leading edge (LE) and the lateral epidermis. In response to activation of a conserved c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling module, the dorsal-most layer of cells, which constitute the LE of the stretching epithelial sheet, secrete Dpp, a member of the TGFbeta superfamily. Dpp and other LE cell-derived signaling molecules stimulate the bilateral dorsal elongation of cells of the dorsolateral epidermis over the underlaying amnioserosa and the eventual fusion of their LEs along the dorsal midline. We have found that flies bearing a Shark tyrosine kinase gene mutation, shark(1), exhibit a DC-defective phenotype. Dpp fails to be expressed in shark(1) mutant LE cells. Consistent with these observations, epidermal-specific reconstitution of shark function or overexpression of an activated form of c-Jun in the shark(1) mutant background, rescues the DC defect. Thus, Shark regulates the JNK signaling pathway leading to Dpp expression in LE cells. Furthermore, constitutive activation of the Dpp pathway throughout the epidermis fails to rescue the shark(1) DC defect, suggesting that Shark may function in additional pathways in the LE and/or lateral epithelium.
The big breach: An experiential learning exercise in mindful crisis communication

Courses: Advanced organizational communication, crisis communication, public relations.Objectives: The objectives for this unit activity are to define and explain mindfulness, reflect on the relationship between mindfulness and crisis communication, and evaluate the effectiveness of crisis responses according to students’ generation of new categories and different routines, and consideration of multiple perspectives.
What Message Are We Sending to Criminal Jurors When We Ask Them to 'Send a Message' With Their Verdict?

During closing arguments in criminal trials, prosecutors routinely implore the jurors to convict the accused as a method of "sending a message" to the community and especially to would-be criminals that the community will not "tolerate" the sort of criminal conduct with which the defendant has been charged. The absurdity of such pleas ought to be self-evident, because a not guilty verdict does not in way signify or imply that the jury has decided to tolerate or surrender to drug dealers or child pornographers or terrorists or anyone else who has committed the kinds of offenses that were allegedly involved in the case on trial.Nevertheless, even though most state courts have correctly condemned such arguments as obviously improper, and even though such prosecutorial comments are always roundly condemned by federal trial judges, they have been almost unanimously approved by the United States Courts of Appeals, typically on the basis of the assumption that it is proper for a prosecutor to invite a jury to convict as a means of exercising its prerogative to act as the "conscience of the community." As a result, federal prosecutors throughout the nation continue to use this highly prejudicial and misleading form of closing argument.This article offers a detailed explanation as to why such closing comments are improper, unethical, unconstitutional, and involve a serious distortion of the the criminal justice system and the jury's role in that system in particular. It explains why this problem poses a direct and pervasive threat to the integrity of the American criminal justice system, and also examines the way in which this problem is greatly compounded by the increasing tendency of political leaders, public figures, media outlets, and even jurors themselves to speak openly about the supposed "message" that is sent when a jury votes to convict any man charged with a horrible offense.
Differential expression of intracellular acidosis in rat brainstem regions in response to hypercapnic ventilation.

Over the last 40 years, intensive research has been performed on localization of chemosensory cells. These studies have established the primary importance of the ventral medullary chemosensitive areas, located just beneath the surface of the ventrolateral aspect of the medulla oblongata (Mitchell et al., 1963; Schlâfke and Loeschcke.,1967., Loeschcke et al., 1970), and the presence of chemosensitive neurons in regions outside of these putative chemosensory regions (Coates et al., 1993).
PREDICTING HEART FAILURE EVENTS WITH HOME MONITORING: USE OF A NOVEL, WEARABLE NECKLACE TO MEASURE STROKE VOLUME, CARDIAC OUTPUT AND THORACIC IMPEDANCE

We conducted a pilot study to investigate if a wearable device that non-invasively measures daily hemodynamic parameters, followed by an algorithmic analysis, can predict heart failure (HF) events. 20 NYHA Class II-IV HF patients underwent daily home monitoring using the toSense CoVa™ Monitoring
Electric-field-controlled flow in nanoscale-thin wetting films.

A novel nanofluidic system based on electroosmotic flow in nanoscale-thin aqueous wetting films is reported. The water films formed spontaneously on mica substrates in a saturation humidity environment. The film thickness was determined to be a few tens of nanometers by optical interference and fluorescence intensity measurements and was consistent with a theoretical evaluation of the thickness of a film based on the competing forces of electrostatic repulsion and capillary pressure. Lateral flow was induced by applying a dc electric field tangential to the film and characterized by tracking the position of a fluorescent probe. The mobilities of the thin fluid layer and the flow marker were lower than the predictions of the electrokinetic theory, which may be a result of adsorption of the fluorescent molecules to the mica. Confinement of the film to two-dimensional “channels” was achieved by microcontact printing of patterned hydrophobic monolayers onto the substrate. This system has the advantage of simp...
Relationship between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liability of squamous cervical cancer in Han population of Shaanxi province: Case-control study

AIM: To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphism of p53 codon 72 and the risk of squamous cervical cancer. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Han population of Shaanxi province,involving 33 women with squamous cervical carcinoma as experimental group,and 51 same ethical normal women as control group. DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples and pathologic tissues were examined by PCR with allele specific primers. RESULTS: The rates of arginine (Arg) and proline (Pro) homozygosity and Arg/Pro heterozygosity were 33%,15% and 52% in experimental group,respectively,22%,18% and 61% in control group,respectively. The A of Pro/Pro or Arg/Pro genotype was 1.80 (95%CI=0.37- 8.97) compared with Arg/Arg genotype. The A of Pro allele compared with Arg allele was 1.34 (95%CI=0.68-2.62) . Chi-square analysis showed no significant differences between the 2 groups (P 0.05). CONCLUSION: Polymorphism at codon 72 of p53 gene may be not associated with an increased susceptibility to squamous cervical cancer.
Effect of low-dose sublingual misoprostol for painless artificial abortion

Objective To observe the effect of low-dose sublingual misoprostol for painless artificial abortion.Methods One hundred and twenty early pregnancy women (6-8 weeks) treated with painless artificial abortion were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B).They were all induced with Propofol (2 mg/kg) plus Fentanyl (1 μg/kg).During the operation,Propofol (0.5 ～1 mg/kg) was added depending on the situation.In group A,no drug was added before operation,while in group B misoprostol (0.2 mg) was given by sublingual 30 minutes before operation.Women's reaction was observed before,during and after operation.Results Anesthesia effect in group B was excellent,which was significantly better than that in group A (93.33% VS 53.33%,P 0.05).The cervical relaxation rate in group B (87.50%) was significantly higher than that in group A (6.67%).The uterus contraction of women in group B was good before and after operation.There were significant differences (P 0.01) between group A and group B in intraoperative hemorrhage,operation time,dosage of anesthetics as well as adverse reactions.Conclusion It is simple and safe to use Propofol plus Fentanyl and combined with low-dose of misoprostol in painless artificial abortion,for less bleeding and less anesthetics.It is suitable to carry out in out-patient abortion.
Development and application of network-based vaccination certificate inspection module

[Objective]To explore an easy,accurate and effective method of vaccination certificate inspection.[Methods]Based on the children vaccination information management system,the network-based vaccination certificate inspection module was developed.The module could get children vaccination information by querying server,the inspection standard was set according to the national immunization programmes,and the results of inspection and statistical analysis would automatically generate,which could directly exported to Excel format.The results of this module in 2012 were compared with the reports of vaccination certificate inspection in 2011.[Results]60 559 children were checked in 2012.The number of children who had finished immunization schedules,times of omitting immunization and supplementary inoculation of different vaccines were calculated by the network-based vaccination certificate inspection module.The passing rate of vaccination certificate inspection was 81.40%.The rate of omitting immunization was 4.57 times higher than that in 2011,and the times of supplementary inoculation was 1.49 times higher than that in 2011.[Conclusion]The network-based vaccination certificate inspection module has the advantages of simple operation and accurate results,and its real-time statistics function achieves data collection and information communication.Its application can improve the detection ratio of omitting immunization and enhance the times of supplementary inoculation.
The influence of hormonal therapy on survival of men with advanced prostatic cancer.

AbstractAlthough hormonal therapy has been used for almost 40 years in the management of patients with prostatic cancer there is no consensus on whether this treatment prolongs life in these men. In an attempt to answer this question survival of 65 control patients seen from 1937 to 1940 was compared to survival of patients who received hormonal therapy from 1942 to 1944. These intervals were selected in an attempt to minimize the influence of medical advances other than hormonal therapy. Although life table graphs indicated that survival was extended for patients who entered in the hormonal era our analyses indicate that the difference in survival between treatment and control groups can be accounted for by a trend toward lower mortality in patients who entered later in the study rather than by hormonal therapy. The temporal trend was noted in all major subgroups of patients. These data suggest that in this study hormonal therapy had little impact on the over-all survival of men with advanced prostatic c...
Cu-based quaternary chalcogenide Cu2BaSnS4 thin films acting as hole transport layers in inverted perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells

Efforts toward developing efficient and stable inorganic hole transport materials for inverted perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells are underway. Herein, a wide bandgap p-type quaternary chalcogenide Cu2BaSnS4 semiconductor is demonstrated as a promising hole transport material in inverted perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin-film solar cells owing to its satisfactory chemical stability, high carrier mobility (∼10 cm2 V−1 s−1), and suitable band alignment with CH3NH3PbI3. Our inverted solar cell based on a 100 nm thick Cu2BaSnS4 hole transport layer achieves a best PCE of ∼10% with a low degree of current–voltage scan hysteresis.
The Transdisciplinary Nature of Contemporary Behavioral Science

The limitations of traditional discipline-based inquiry are noted in this brief address to the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Contemporary attention to societal problems, adolescent health as an example, has required new ways of organizing knowledge that transcend conventional disciplinary boundaries, and this has resulted in the emergence of new inter- or trans-disciplinary sciences such as neuroscience, sustainability science, and indeed, behavioral science. The promise of greater understanding of such societal problems as adolescent health lies in shaking off the constraints of disciplinary boundaries.
Principles of Designing a Clinical Trial: Optimizing Chances of Trial Success

Clinical trials are essential to advance health care and develop new therapies. In this review, we discuss the underlying principles of clinical trial design with an emphasis on assessing design risks that lead to trial failure as well as negative trials. While of general interest, this is perhaps particularly timely for the neuromodulation community, given the paucity of well-designed trials in the field. We give some examples from the phantom limb pain (PLP) literature. It is critical to gather as much preliminary data as possible and to know how to interpret it in order to choose an appropriate trial design. Therefore, the investigator needs to effectively assess the likely trial design risk/benefit ratio with a view to maximizing the chance of a meaningful outcome, whether this outcome rejects or fails to reject the null hypothesis. This analysis is especially important in a complex and heterogeneous disorder such as PLP, which has had many negative trials. We discuss the factors pertaining to a strong trial design benefit/risk assessment, how late trial phases require greater support from preliminary data, how to design trials to minimize risks, maximize benefits, and optimize internal validity as well as the chances of a positive outcome. We highlight the need for investigators to incorporate best practice in trial design to increase the chances of success and to always anticipate unexpected challenges during the trial.
"AFacet": a geometry based format and visualizer to support SAR and multisensor signature generation

When simulating multisensor signature data (including SAR, LIDAR, EO, IR, etc...), geometry data are required that accurately represent the target. Most vehicular targets can, in real life, exist in many possible configurations. Examples of these configurations might include a rotated turret, an open door, a missing roof rack, or a seat made of metal or wood. Previously we have used the Modelman (.mmp) format and tool to represent and manipulate our articulable models. Unfortunately Modelman is now an unsupported tool and an undocumented binary format. Some work has been done to reverse engineer a reader in Matlab so that the format could continue to be useful. This work was tedious and resulted in an incomplete conversion. In addition, the resulting articulable models could not be altered and re-saved in the Modelman format. The AFacet (.afacet) articulable facet file format is a replacement for the binary Modelman (.mmp) file format. There is a one-time straight forward path for conversion from Modelman to the AFacet format. It is a simple ASCII, comma separated, self-documenting format that is easily readable (and in many cases usefully editable) by a human with any text editor, preventing future obsolescence. In addition, because the format is simple, it is relatively easy for even the most novice programmer to create a program to read and write AFacet files in any language without any special libraries. This paper presents the AFacet format, as well as a suite of tools for creating, articulating, manipulating, viewing, and converting the 370+ (when this paper was written) models that have been converted to the AFacet format.
Die Theorie der Biegung

Unter Biegung ohne Normalkraft, oder einfach Biegung, wird im allgemeinen die Biegung durch Querkrafte verstanden; d. h. die Resultierende der auseren Krafte auf einer Seite eines beliebigen Querschnittes wirkt parallel zu dem Querschnitt, aber nicht in der Querschnittsebene selbst; es wird auch so ausgedruckt: die Resultierende schneidet die Querschnittsebene im Unendlichen.
Between Drawing and Figure

Modern software for geometry like Cabri-geometre [2], GEOLOG [4] or Felix [6] allows a drawing to be varied on the screen by direct manipulation with the mouse. The user can move certain parts of a drawing, and the software maintains all existing geometrical relationships. For instance, Cabri-Geometre provides this basic feature by its ‘drag mode’: Fig. 1 shows the cursor dragging the vertex of a square. While the vertex is being moved around, the computer continues to draw a square.
CHAPTER TWO – POLYNOMIALS

Publisher Summary Polynomials play an important role in the study of algebra since many word problems translate into equations or inequalities that involve polynomials. This chapter discusses the manipulative and mechanical aspects of polynomials; this will serve as background for dealing with their applications in other field of mathematics. The terms of a polynomial that differ only in their coefficients are called like terms. Polynomials are added by adding the coefficients of like terms. It is often helpful to regroup the terms before adding. To discuss the product of two polynomials, the chapter presents a reverse problem. Factors whose product will yield the given polynomial can be found. This process is known as factoring. The factoring is approached by learning to recognize the situations in which factoring is possible. It is sometimes possible to discover common factors by first grouping terms. Another type of factoring involves second-degree polynomials.
Ultrafiltration for the Treatment of Acute Heart Failure

Ultrafiltration (UF) mechanically removes excess fluid volume through an extracorporeal circuit and has been applied to clinical situations in which volume removal is the mainstay of therapy. Because of this ability, UF serves as an enticing method to treat acute heart failure (AHF) in which most symptoms are driven by congestion due to excess volume. Additional physiologic properties of UF and the biochemical composition of the extracted fluid confer additional theoretic benefits in the treatment of AHF. Herein the concepts underlying UF, clinical evidence evaluating its efficacy, and ongoing challenges understanding the role of UF are reviewed.
Rethinking Favela Governance: Nonviolent Politics in Rio de Janeiro’s Gang Territories:

Since the 1980s, when drug gangs became embedded in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas, or poor urban neighborhoods, much has been written about the violent regimes that govern these spaces. This article argues that a nonviolent political regime run by activist residents also plays a critical role in favela governance by expanding the provision of services, promoting social development, fighting for their citizenship rights, and inserting favelas into political networks across the city. This claim is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2017 in the City of God, one of Rio’s most dangerous gang-controlled neighborhoods. Paradoxically, in activists’ efforts to improve the neighborhood and fight for their rights, the nonviolent political regime in the City of God not only subverted violent politics but also helped to provide the conditions for its survival. Nevertheless, scholarship must account for nonviolent political actors in order to fully theorize favela governance.
Patient preferences regarding the communication of biopsy results in the general otolaryngology clinic.

Abstract Objectives To determine the preferred methods of communicating biopsy results for patients in our comprehensive otolaryngology clinic, and to examine factors associated with preferring remote vs. in-person communication of results. Study design Cross-sectional study. Setting Academic comprehensive otolaryngology clinic. Subjects and methods A survey instrument was administered to 107 consecutive adult otolaryngology patients undergoing head and neck fine needle aspiration biopsy from March 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018 assessing their health literacy using the Brief Health Literacy Score and their preferred method of notification of biopsy results (in-person vs. remote). Results 69% of patients preferred remote notification of their biopsy results (either by telephone or via an online portal). 54% of patients prioritized clear explanation of the results as the most important factor when communicating a malignant result. Adequate health literacy was associated with lower odds of preferring in-person notification (adjusted odds ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.39). Patients who prioritized clear explanation of the results were more likely to prefer in-person notification (adjusted OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.31 to 14.88). Conclusions A significant proportion of patients in our comprehensive otolaryngology clinic undergoing fine needle aspiration biopsy preferred remote communication of their biopsy results. Patients most valued clear explanations from the provider and prompt receipt of the result when communicating malignant results. This highlights the need for individualized results communication plans, for patients undergoing biopsy.
Untangling the Role of Polycomb Complexes in Chemotherapy Resistance

Summary: In this issue, Maganti and colleagues described an epigenetic link between reduced abundance of Polycomb-related protein MTF2 and chemotherapy resistance in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. MTF2 deficiency impaired expression of the PRC2 complex and deposition of H3K27me3 at many genes, including the key target gene MDM2 , leading to increased MDM2 expression that in turn depleted p53 and thereby conferred chemoresistance. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1348–51. ©2018 AACR . See related article by Maganti et al., p. 1376 .
Extremal Extensions from the Circle to the Disk

Let\( \Delta = \{ |z|{\rm{ }} < {\rm{1\} , }}\Gamma {\rm{ = \{ |}}z{\rm{| = 1\} , }}\partial {\rm{ = (}}\partial _x - i\partial _y )/2, \bar \partial = (\partial _x + i\partial _y )/2 \) In this exposition we shall be concerned with two kinds of extension problems from \( \Gamma to\Delta \cup \Gamma \), namely, firstly, the least non-analytic (abbreviated LNA) extensions of continuous complex-valued boundary values, and, secondly, the extremal quasiconformal (abbreviated EQC) extensions of homeomorphic boundary values. We formulate the first problem as follows. Let \( g(z),z \in \Gamma \), be a continuous complex-valued function. It will often be convenient to normalize g by the conditions $$ Re[\bar zg(z)] = 0, z \in \Gamma , $$ (0.1) $$ g(1) = g(i) = g( - 1) = 0. $$ (0.2)
Comparison of Electrophysiologic Profiles in Pediatric Patients with Incidentally Identified Pre-Excitation Compared with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

The rising utilization of screening electrocardiograms has resulted in increased incidental identification of ventricular pre-excitation in pediatric patients. We compared accessory pathways of incidentally identified pre-excitation to Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) with the aim to identify factors important in preprocedural counseling and planning. This single-center, retrospective study of patients ≤18 years without congenital heart disease identified 227 patients diagnosed with pre-excitation and referred for invasive electrophysiology study between 2008 and 2017. WPW Syndrome was diagnosed in 178 patients, while 49 patients had incidental identification of pre-excitation. Anterograde conduction of incidentally identified accessory pathways was not clinically different between the two cohorts at baseline or upon isoproterenol infusion. However, the proportion of accessory pathways meeting high-risk criteria was significantly lower than in patients diagnosed with WPW, 12% versus 28% (p
Hemostatic Levels of Coagulation Factors in Patients with Mild Prolongation of Prothrombin Time / INR: Implications for Transfusion Medicine Practice.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate hemostatically important clotting factors in patients with mild to moderate prolongation of PT/INR, who generally receive prophylactic FFP transfusions, especially in neurosurgery, because there is scant data in the literature supporting prophylactic plasma therapy. METHODS: 36 plasma samples from 31 neurosurgical patients with PT/INR 12.5–15.0/1.3–1.5 were separated and frozen within 8 hours of collection; these were tested for coagulation factors II, VII and VIII levels, and PT/INR/PTT values were correlated with the factor levels. Retrospective analysis of all neurosurgery patients for whom FFP was ordered with similar PT/INR values was performed both during 5 months of study period and 5 months post-study period, when changes were implemented in FFP administration guidelines. The PT/INR/PTT values were studied 24 hours following the FFP requests in order to evaluate the effect of plasma infusion. Each group was divided in two subgroups: those who received FFP transfusion within 24 hours of the FFP requests, and those who did not. RESULTS: PT/INR/PTT and coagulation factor levels of the 36 samples are seen in Table 1. There was no correlation between PT/INR with FVII levels (p>0.05). All patients had FVII > 15–25%, level recommended as safe for surgery. FII was also hemostatically normal, whereas mean factor VIII level was elevated, that correlated with shortened PTT in many of these patients. Retrospective analysis revealed that during the study period there were a total of 99 FFP requests (69 patients). Of these 68 requests (46 patients) did and 31 (29 patients) did not receive FFP transfusions within the next 24 hours. Mean number of FFP units transfused was 3.03 (median 2, range 1–7). During the post study period a total of 15 requests (for 14 patients) were received; of these 2 did and 13 did not receive FFP transfusions within the next 24 hours. Mean and median number of FFP was 2. PT/INR/PTT at time of request and 24 hours post transfusion are presented in the Table 2 CONCLUSION: In patients with a mild prolongation of PT/INR, plasma levels of FII and FVII were hemostatically normal, whereas FVIII levels were increased. After FFP transfusions, PT/INR and PTT values did not change suggesting that plasma therapy in these patients was not warranted. After the study there was a drastic reduction (85%) in FFP orders for prophylactic plasma transfusions.
Characterization and Mitigation of Sinusoidal Carrier Modulation Signals by Short-Term Sinusoidal Analysis

Most radio signals can be described as a form of sinusoidal carrier modulation. These signals have the property that when observed over a sufficiently short period of time, the waveform is approximately sinusoidal, exhibiting constant magnitude, frequency, and phase. When coherently digitized with sufficiently high sample rate, it is possible to discern this sinusoid. The associated signal can be represented as a sinusoid with time-varying frequency, magnitude, and phase. These parameters can subsequently be used for detection and characterization, including identification. The parameters can also be used to synthesize a noise-free estimate of the signal. The synthesized signal can be coherently subtracted from the original data in order to cancel the signal, nominally without distortion of the associated noise or nearby signals. In this report, the conditions required for the short-time sinusoidal approximation are described. Performance of the canceling technique is examined in the case of a VHF-band narrowband FM-modulated signal.
1 – Data analysis with MatLab

Chapter 1, Data Analysis with MatLab, is a brief introduction to MatLab as a data analysis environment and scripting language. It is meant to teach the reader barely enough to understand the MatLab scripts in the book and to begin to start using and modifying them. While MatLab is a fully featured programming language, Environmental Data Analysis with MatLab is not a book on computer programming. It teaches scripting mainly by example and avoids long discussions on programming theory.
Mental and behavioral health in immigrant populations: Assessment and interventions for culturally competent practice

Abstract Immigrants who have completed the strenuous immigration process carry with them into their new life acculturation-based stressors, such as exposure to traumatic events that often result in the prevalence of mental health conditions and symptoms. The three most prominent immigrant populations, Latinx, Asian, and African, each have barriers that hinder access to mental health assessment and treatment; however, there has been a push for more culturally competent assessment and intervention methods to address barriers and increase treatment adherence. Information is provided on various culturally sensitive methods to assess and treat mental health conditions onset by factors contributing to the immigration process for adolescents, adults, and older adults. Although there is more literature pertaining to culturally competent practice, continuing efforts are needed across various race and ethnicities as well as age groups to provide a more holistic approach to mental health treatment as well as promote protective factors such as a positive cultural identity of immigrants in the United States and worldwide.
Critical Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Perspectives From the PICU to the Medical ICU.

Objectives To describe the unique perspective of pediatric intensivists caring for critically ill adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Design Observational study. Setting Academic medical center in New York City. Patients Coronavirus disease 2019 positive adults requiring admission to an ICU. Interventions None. Measurements and main results In late March 2020, New York Presbyterian Hospital centralized all of its inpatient pediatric units (n = 4) from across the network to a single center, in order to create space to accommodate the increasing number of critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019. Within 1 week, the PICU at New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine transferred or discharged all inpatients, underwent a transformation of the physical space, and began admitting adults of all ages with coronavirus disease 2019 related acute respiratory failure. The New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine PICU physician group continued to lead this unit. PICU nurses, respiratory therapists, social workers, and child life specialists joined their PICU physician colleagues to care for these critically ill adults. Conclusions In the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, PICU physicians are well poised to care for adult patients in a surge capacity, and bring a unique perspective to the experience.
Renal Negative Pressure Treatment as a Novel Therapy for Cardio-Renal Syndrome

Introduction Decongestion is the primary therapeutic objective in most acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) hospitalizations. However, congestion itself commonly represents a barrier to successful diuresis. Renal congestion results in increased renal tubular pressures, reducing glomerular filtration and urine output. This is further aggravated by loop diuretics, which also increase tubular pressures. Because each nephron is a fluid filled column, renal negative pressure treatment (rNPT) applied to the urinary collecting system should reduce tubular pressure, potentially improving kidney function and diuresis. Hypothesis rNPT will improve diuresis, natriuresis, and renal function in a congestion predominate heart failure (CHF) model. Methods Ten ∼80 kg pigs underwent thoracotomy with implantation of a pericardial, Swan Ganz, & bilateral ureteral JuxtaFlow® catheters. High dose furosemide (400mg bolus, then 80mg/hr) was administered since HF clinical use of rNPT will be in conjunction with loop diuretics. Each animal served as its own control with randomization of L vs. R kidney to -30 mmHg rNPT or no rNPT. HF was induced via cardiac tamponade (∼200 ml of pericardial 6% hydroxyethyl starch) and IV normal saline. Pericardial pressure was maintained at 20-22.5 mmHg. Results Prior to HF induction, rNPT increased urine output (UOP) & creatinine clearance (CrCl) compared to the control kidney during furosemide diuresis (p lt 0.001 for all, Figure). HF induction achieved the target hemodynamic profile with stable cardiac output & elevated filling pressures (Figure). UOP, sodium excretion, and CrCl decreased during HF (p lt 0.001 for all, Figure), but were higher consistently in rNPT kidney vs. control (p lt 0.05 for all, Figure). UOP (p=0.38) was the same in rNPT during HF as control prior to HF (Figure). Conclusions rNPT with the JuxtaFlow® system resulted in significantly increased diuresis, natriuresis, and creatinine clearance, both in the presence and absence of experimental HF. Notably, rNPT rescued the congested cardio-renal phenotype with equivalent diuresis and natriuresis during HF with rNPT as was observed in the non-HF period without rNPT. Additional research into the efficacy of the JuxtaFlow® system in human ADHF is warranted.
Flexible, Synergistic Ceramic–Polymer Hybrid Solid-State Electrolyte for Secondary Lithium Metal Batteries

A novel hybrid solid-state electrolyte (HSSE) comprising a layered stack of a flexible single-particle-thick membrane (SPTM) and ion-conducting polymeric interposers is demonstrated. The flexible S...
Just TYPEical: Visualizing Common Function Type Signatures in R

Data-driven approaches to programming language design are uncommon. Despite the availability of large code repositories, distilling semantically-rich information from programs remains difficult. Important dimensions, like run-time type data, are inscrutable without the appropriate tools. We contribute a task abstraction and interactive visualization, TYPEICAL, for programming language designers who are exploring and analyzing type information from execution traces. Our approach aids user understanding of function type signatures across many executions. Insights derived from our visualization are aimed at informing language design decisions — specifically of a new gradual type system being developed for the R programming language. A copy of this paper, along with all the supplemental material, is available at osf.io/mc6zt
Do Investors Still Benefit from International Diversification With Investment Constraints

The benefits of global diversification have been documented by financial economists over the past four decades. Since the correlations of asset yields across countries are lower than within a country, the volatility of a portfolio's return can be reduced, without sacrificing its expected return, by investing in overseas assets. Due to the lack of investibility of stocks in certain countries, however, investors may not necessarily be able to allocate assets by completely following the unrestricted efficient frontier suggested by Markowitz (1952). Previous studies investigate the strategies of asset allocation and the diversification benefits with short-selling constraints. Yet, the impact of over-weighting investment restrictions on the global diversification benefits remains unclear. Furthermore, while in theory the inclusion of more securities in a portfolio will help to diversify, in practice investors may wish to determine the optimal complementary investing areas in which securities generate the maximum marginal contribution to the portfolio. The answers to these issues provide critical insights for professionals of asset management. This paper empirically explores the potential advantages brought about by international diversification with various investment constraints such as short-selling, over-weighting, and investing regions for U.S. domestic investors. Our finding suggests that adding short-sales and over-weighting constraints reduces but does not eliminate the diversification benefits to the U.S. domestic investor. For cross-regional comparison, the greatest diversification benefits come from adding assets from the Central/West European and Latin American countries. The over-time analyses show that the absolute values of diversification benefits reduce over time as international markets become more integrated. However, the relative values of benefits suggest that international diversification is still desired by the U.S. investor.