cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treating the violent and psychotic patient: A clinical guide to potential cardiac complications

In effectively treating the violent and psychotic patient, medical professionals are charged with the task of mitigating harm to all involved. While non-pharmacologic methods are often employed first, chemical restraint may also be necessary. The agents most often utilized in the management of such patients include antipsychotics – first and second generation agents – and benzodiazepines. When considering use of these agents, it is prudent that nurses appreciate the potential risks, including those of a cardiac nature given that they represent some of the most dangerous. This review article aims to highlight the potential cardiac complications and provide guidance in navigating this important task of harm mitigation for the violent and psychotic patient.
Lipid Catabolism via CPT1 as a Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among western men and accounts for the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. PCa tends to grow slowly and recent studies suggest that it relies on lipid fuel more than on aerobic glycolysis. However, the biochemical mechanisms governing the relationships between lipid synthesis, lipid utilization, and cancer growth remain unknown. To address the role of lipid metabolism in PCa we have used Etomoxir and Orlistat, clinically safe drugs that block lipid oxidation and lipid synthesis/lipolysis, respectively. Etomoxir is an irreversible inhibitor of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) enzyme that decreases beta oxidation in the mitochondria. Combinatorial treatments using Etomoxir and Orlistat resulted in synergistic decreased viability in LNCaP, VCaP and patient-derived benign and PCa cells. These effects were associated with decreased androgen receptor (AR) expression, decreased mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and increased caspase-3 activation. Knockdown of CPT1A enzyme in LNCaP cells resulted in decreased palmitate oxidation but increased sensitivity to Etomoxir, with inactivation of AKT kinase and activation of caspase-3. Systemic treatment with Etomoxir in nude nice resulted in decreased xenograft growth over 21 days, underscoring the therapeutic potential of blocking lipid catabolism to decrease PCa tumor growth.
Molecular signatures of virulence in the PB1-F2 proteins of H5N1 influenza viruses

The PB1-F2 protein of influenza A viruses contributes to pathogenesis in animal models. Specific molecular signatures of virulence within PB1-F2 have been mapped for some functions. The 66S polymorphism may modulate interferon activity, and four C-terminal amino acids, 62L, 75R, 79R, and 82L, contribute to cytokine release and inflammatory responses in specific virus backgrounds. All available PB1-F2 sequences from H5N1 subtype influenza A viruses were analyzed. The majority (82.5%) of H5N1 sequences available in the Influenza Research Database code for PB1-F2 proteins with 4 or more of these virulence associated amino acids. Most of these are avian sequences from highly pathogenic strains isolated in Asia or Africa. The 66S polymorphism was uncommon (5.3% of sequences) but was found in association with the other 4 inflammatory amino acids in select highly pathogenic strains in Asia. These analyses suggest that if an H5N1 virus were to emerge as a pandemic strain, the PB1-F2 protein will be a contributor to pathogenesis. Research on the pathogenic effect of these signatures in an H5N1 background should be undertaken. Surveillance efforts should include sequencing of the PB1 gene segment and analysis for these molecular signatures to allow for the potential prioritization of resources during pandemic planning.
Holo-transcobalamin is an indicator of vitamin B-12 absorption in healthy adults with adequate vitamin B-12 status

Background: It has been hypothesized that the response of holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC) to oral vitamin B -12 may be used to assess absorption. To develop a reliable clinical absorption test that uses holo-TC, it is necessary to determine the optimal timeline for vitamin B-12 administration and postdose assessment. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and patterns of change in the postabsorption response of holo-TC to oral vitamin B-12. Design: Adult (18 -49 y) male and female participants (n = 21) with normal vitamin B-12 status were given three 9-μg doses of vitamin B-12 at 6-h intervals beginning early morning (baseline) on day 1. Blood was drawn at 17 timed intervals over the course of 3 d for the analysis of holo-TC and other indicators of vitamin B-12 status. Results: Mean holo-TC increased significantly (P < 0.001) from baseline at 6 h (11%) and 24 h (50%). TC saturation increased significantly (P < 0.001) from baseline at 12.5 h (33%) and 24 h (50%). The mean cobalamin concentration changed significantly (P <0.001) from baseline at 24h (15%) and 48 h (14%). The ratio of holo-TC to cobalamin increased significantly (P < 0.001) at 24 h (32%). Conclusions: The greatest increase in holo-TC was observed 24 h after ingestion of three 9-μg doses of vitamin B-12. Our results indicate that a vitamin B-12 absorption test based on measurement of holo-TC after administration of three 9-μg doses of vitamin B-12 should run for 24 h.
A Model to Predict the Effect of Ankle Joint Misalignment on Calf Band Movement in Ankle-Foot Orthoses

Accurate alignment of anatomical and mechanical joint axes is one of the major biomechanical principles pertaining to articulated orthoses, yet knowledge of the potential effects of axis misalignment is limited. The purpose of this project was to model the effects of systematic linear (proximal-distal and anterior-posterior) misalignments of single axis mechanical ankle joints in an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) in order to determine the degree and direction of calf band travel that would occur over a functional range of motion. Sagittal plane misalignments of the ankle joint centres of an AFO were simulated using a simple two-dimensional model for both a range of ankle angles and a typical able-bodied ankle kinematic curve for self-selected normal walking speed. The model assumed that no movement occurred between the foot and the foot-plate of the AFO. The model predicted that for anterior (positive horizontal) misalignments, dorsiflexion movements would cause the calf band to travel proximally (i.e., up the leg) and plantar flexion movements would cause the calf band to travel distally (i.e., down the leg). The opposite was predicted for posterior (negative horizontal) misalignments. Proximal (positive vertical) misalignments would cause only distal movements of the calf band while distal (negative vertical) misalignments would cause only proximal movements of the calf band. Anterior-posterior misalignments were found to have a much larger effect on the amount of calf band travel than proximal-distal misalignments.
Nocturnal violence: implications for resident trauma operative experiences.

Trauma centers face novel challenges in resource allocation in an era of cost consciousness and work-hour restrictions. Studies have shown that time of day and day of week affect trauma admission volume; however, these studies were performed in cold climates. Data from 2000 to 2010 at a Level I trauma center were reviewed. Demographic, injury severity, and injury timing from 23,827 trauma patients were analyzed along with their emergency department disposition (operating room, intensive care unit, ward) and final outcome. Nighttime arrivals (NAs) accounted for 56.6 per cent and daytime arrivals accounted for 43.4 per cent of total admissions. The increase in NAs was most pronounced during the period from midnight to 6 am on weekends (P Language: en
Computational Insight into the Effect of Sn-Beta Na Exchange and Solvent on Glucose Isomerization and Epimerization

Sn-substituted zeolite Beta (Sn-Beta) is a promising catalyst for efficient aldose to ketose isomerization, a key step in the conversion of biomass to platform chemicals such as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan and furfural. Recent experimental studies probing the mechanism and active site for glucose isomerization (to fructose) and competing epimerization (to mannose) have found that isomerization proceeds via a 1,2 intramolecular hydride transfer (HT) and epimerization by either two subsequent HT steps (on pure Sn-Beta; water and methanol) or one 1,2 intramolecular carbon shift (CS) step (on Na-exchanged Sn-Beta; water and methanol). In order to address remaining atomic-level mechanistic questions raised by this data, we investigate the various pathways with computational methods using several sizes of cluster models of Sn-Beta and density functional theory. First, we find an energetically plausible pathway for mannose formation via two subsequent HT steps that is consistent with experimental observations. Additi...
Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease: Should We Use Spironolactone?

Half of all deaths in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) arise from cardiovascular causes. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is specifically more frequent with CKD. Cardiovascular therapies with proven benefit are often withheld from patients with renal disease for fear of adverse events. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been implicated as an important maladaptive neurohormonal pathway in heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to suppress it ineffectively. Current guidelines support the use of spironolactone for more comprehensive suppression of the RAAS in heart failure patients. Most supporting trials have however excluded patients with renal dysfunction resulting in a dearth of data to support use of spironolactone in CKD patients with CHF. Several small studies that prospectively interrogated the benefits of augmented RAAS blockade with spironolactone in CKD patients have shown improvement in predictors of cardiovascular mortality. More recently, improved mortality outcomes were demonstrated with the use of spironolactone in hemodialysis patients. Although reduction in glomerular filtration rate and hyperkalemia are potential adverse effects with its use, the available evidence suggests that it is uncommon and serious consequences can be avoided with close monitoring. Studies investigating the optimal spironolactone dosage in such a setting recommend starting with a low dose and careful uptitration. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive insight into the issues associated with the use of spironolactone in the setting of concomitant CHF and CKD.
Inhibition at perimeter sites of Au/TiO2 oxidation catalyst by reactant oxygen.

TiO2-supported gold nanoparticles exhibit surprising catalytic activity for oxidation reactions compared to noble bulk gold which is inactive. The catalytic activity is localized at the perimeter of the Au nanoparticles where Au atoms are atomically adjacent to the TiO2 support. At these dual-catalytic sites an oxygen molecule is efficiently activated through chemical bonding to both Au and Ti4+ sites. A significant inhibition by a factor of 22 in the CO oxidation reaction rate is observed at 120 K when the Au is preoxidized, caused by the oxygen-induced positive charge produced on the perimeter Au atoms. Theoretical calculations indicate that induced positive charge occurs in the Au atoms which are adjacent to chemisorbed oxygen atoms, almost doubling the activation energy for CO oxidation at the dual-catalytic sites in agreement with experiments. This is an example of self-inhibition in catalysis by a reactant species.
Microblogging Retweet Prediction Algorithm Based on Random Forest

Retweet is an important information diffusion mechanism in Microblogging,in which users can forward their followers' blogging and share it to their fans,and it can quickly diffuse.This paper studied Microblogging retweet prediction.First we analyzed and extracted the important features,such as micro network structure,weight ratio,user profiles,and then proposed a new prediction algorithm based on random forest(RFMR).The experiment shows that,compared to other classifications,RFMR has better performance.It can effectively predict user retweet behavior.
The Communicating Hematocele: An Unusual Presentation for Blunt Splenic Trauma

AbstractThe communicating hematocele is an unusual scrotal disorder that is rarely anticipated. Surgical exploration for an enlarging hydrocele and an abnormal scrotal sonogram in a 19-month-old boy revealed a communicating hematocele. Further evaluation demonstrated a fractured spleen. The association between a patent processus vaginalis and blunt abdominal trauma in the pathogenesis of the communicating hematocele is discussed.
Vasodilatory Shock After Ventricular Assist Device Placement: A Bench to Bedside Review

With more than 2000 ventricular assist devices (VAD) placed annually in the United States, understanding postoperative management is important. One of the most common postoperative morbidities encountered with VAD implantation is vasodilatory shock. The mechanisms for this phenomenon are numerous and include cellular and hormonal aberrancies unique to the VAD recipient. Management of vasodilatory shock in VAD patients needs to be undertaken with an understanding of the side effects associated with each treatment, especially the effects on the right ventricle and pulmonary vasculature. This article focuses on the incidence, the pathogenesis, the consequences, and the management of vasodilatory shock in the postoperative VAD patient.
Using Best Survey Practices for Jewish Community Studies

Jewish leaders are often faced with questions such as, “Should we spend that extra $100,000 to get better quality data or to provide additional services to our Jewish community?” This series of articles will hopefully help them address this question. The answer is not to abandon probability samples that are fundamental to data from which sound policy can be determined, but rather to make use of the latest advances in survey methods, including address-based sampling.
MODELING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN A SALT MARSH: SENSITIVITY TO RATES OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION, TIDAL MIGRATION AND MICROBIAL DEGRADATION

Abstract A 23-compartment model of a coastal Georgia salt marsh was used to simulate perturbations of three different processes that affect spatial variability: 1) tidal migrations of consumers; 2) primary production of creekbank and highmarsh cordgrass (Spartina); and 3) anaerobic and aerobic microbial degradation. Increasing the migrant consumers depressed several compartments and lowered the amount of carbon exported tidally from the system. In general, removing migrant consumers reversed these effects. Standing stocks of aerobic microbes, benthic infauna and meiofauna were depressed, for differing reasons, whether migrant consumers were increased or removed. Increased net primary production by cordgrass caused substantially greater accretion of carbon in the anaerobic sediments and somewhat greater rates of aerobic degradation. Increasing or decreasing the rate of anaerobic degradation also directly affected the accretion of carbon, but had little affect on other processes, at least over the two-year duration of the simulations. Small increases in the permissible rates of aerobic degradation produced a model with two quite different locally-stable steady states: a carbon-fixing, carbon-exporting marsh versus a carbon-degrading, carbon-importing marsh. Variations in the standing stock of aerobic microbes determined which of the two states was obtained in the model.
Spatially resolved Spectroscopy of Europa's Large-scale Compositional Units at 3–4 μm with Keck NIRSPEC

We present spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of Europa's surface at 3–4 μm obtained with the near-infrared spectrograph and adaptive optics system on the Keck II telescope. These are the highest quality spatially resolved reflectance spectra of Europa's surface at 3–4 μm. The observations spatially resolve Europa's large-scale compositional units at a resolution of several hundred kilometers. The spectra show distinct features and geographic variations associated with known compositional units; in particular, large-scale leading hemisphere chaos shows a characteristic longward shift in peak reflectance near 3.7 μm compared to icy regions. These observations complement previous spectra of large-scale chaos, and can aid efforts to identify the endogenous non-ice species.
Enabling Performance Efficient Runtime Support for Hybrid MPI+UPC++ Programming Models

UPC++ is an emerging Partition Global Address Space (PGAS) library. The performance of UPC++ applications is highly dependent on the efficiency of the communication runtime. Current UPC++ runtime relies on MPI and native IB verbs based conduit implementations of GASNet communication middleware. Hybrid MPI+UPC++ programming model is seen as an attractive way to program next generation systems. However, current approach towards a hybrid model requires the use of the GASNet-MPI conduit which implements one model on top of the other, thereby significantly limiting the performance. In this paper, we propose a unified runtime based approach that natively unifies both MPI and UPC++ models to achieve better performance and deadlock free execution. We evaluated our design on a pure UPC++ based microbenchmark which we implemented on top of OSU Microbenchmark (OMB) suite. To evaluate application level performance, we implemented a Gauss-seidel based 2D-heat diffusion kernel in UPC++ and redesigned LULESH (3-D shock hydrodynamics simulation) using MPI-3 Non-blocking Collectives (NBC) for hybrid MPI+UPC++ models. At microbenchmark level, the proposed approach achieves up to 15X and 35X speedup over GASNet-MPI and GASNet-IBV conduits, respectively for dense collective operations on 128 cores. The application level evaluation of 2D-heat shows that our proposed approach achieves up to 30% improvement on 512 cores. Finally, we demonstrate the design benefits of NBC redesigned hybrid implementation of LULESH over pure MPI and pure UPC++ and show that our unified runtime based approach can achieve up to 6% improvement in total execution time on 216 (63) cores.
Ubuntu Linux in Zimbabwe: the digital unhu in open source practices:

In this article, I argue for an alternative history of open source told from the perspective of the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe. This perspective on open source deviates from standard histories in that it reveals a more comprehensive relationship to technologies and its political possibilities by including the understudied region of Zimbabwe. I premise this analysis based on the concept of ‘digital unhu’, a concept that sketches out a Zimbabwean inflection of immaterial labor and contains three components of the fusion of new technologies with older traditions, an emphasis on collaborative practices, and a prominence placed on mobility. Examining this framework and these concepts through the aid of the case studies, Zim.doc, and the website Wild Forest Ranch, I provide evidence of the ways that open source practices are articulated to the local, historical, and political nuances of the region. I argue that the effort to disseminate information and skills to populations required to maneuver around ...
The Major Objections from Reductive Materialism Against Belief in the Existence of Cartesian Mind–Body Dualism

I discuss five basic objections that materialists often raise to Cartesian Mind-Body Dualism: (1) It is not empirically testable or confirmable; (2) It is in principle testable and confirmable, but unconfirmed; (3) It is testable and ­confirmable, but has been shown false; (4) It is unnecessary to explain anything; (5) It cannot serve to explain anything. I will show how unsatisfactory all these objections are. If I am right in what I argue the reductionist posture of contemporary materialism against the existence of Cartesian Immaterial Substances as causal agents in explaining human behavior is demonstrably more dogma than anything else. Moreover, the promise of reductive materialism to explain human personality, consciousness, and behavior is unlikely ever to be fulfilled.
Automated visual field examination in children aged 5-8 years. Part I: Experimental validation of a testing procedure.

Abstract In 106 children aged 5–8 years, we determined how much training was needed to stabilize the response strategy prior to actual visual field assessment and we evaluated the reliability and acceptable duration of automated static perimetry (Octopus 2000R). A specially designed familiarization procedure was used to train the children to: (1) gaze at the center of the visual field while paying attention to light stimuli projected onto the periphery and (2) press the buzzer only when light stimuli were perceived. The subsequent examination phase consisted of 15 successive identical blocks of 27 trials (12 stimulus trials, 12 false-positive catch-trials, and three false-negative catch-trials), and was stopped before the end if signs of fatigue appeared. Age had a marked influence both on endurance (the number of blocks performed increased significantly) and on response reliability (false-positive responses decreased between 5- and 6-year-olds). The increase in false-negative responses toward the end indicates that examination is no longer reliable, and should be stopped. We concluded that most children as young as five can undergo examination by automated static perimetry. Changes regarding learning, stimulus intensity and testing procedure are suggested in order to adapt the examination to age, level of vigilance and health condition of the children.
Voting on Minimum Wages

In chapter 4 we examined the role of public interest lobbies in influencing congressional voting and concluded that the number of members of such lobbies in a state seemed significant in explaining the voting of congressional representatives from that state on issues that were important to the lobbies. If we believe that membership in public interest lobbies is determined by ideological factors, the evidence in chapter 4 is consistent with the hypothesis that ideology has an impact on congressional voting and hence on the passage of laws. In this chapter we continue the analysis of the influence of ideology on voting, but we use a different measure of ideology — namely, the rating given to representatives by the Americans for Democratic Action, a liberal pressure group. In chapter 6 we will explore the nature and significance of the ADA rating in further detail; the results presented in this chapter may be considered a preliminary test of the use of this rating to measure ideology.
SEMI-NEARRINGS OF BIVARIATE POLYNOMIALS OVER A FIELD

The idea of the composed product of univariate polynomials may be generalized to bivariate polynomials. Using these root-based compositions, we define operations on bivariate polynomials analogous to addition and composition of univariate polynomials. We investigate the seminearring of bivariate polynomials determined by these operations looking at its properties and internal algebraic structures.
Reconstruction from Microscopic Projections with Defocus-Gradient and Attenuation Effects

We discuss and illustrate defocus-gradient and attenuation effects that are part of the image formation models of microscopy of biological specimens. We demonstrate how they affect the projection data and in turn the 3D reconstructions. Biologically meaningful results can be obtained ignoring both of these effects, but using image processing techniques to incorporate corrections for them into reconstruction methods provides more accurate reconstructions, with potential for creating higher-resolution models of the biological specimens.
Invasive Fungal Infections

The incidence of invasive fungal infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients has increased significantly over the last decade. Candidemia has been identified as the fourth most common nosocomial bloodstream infection in the United States. Geographically, endemic mycoses continue to be a source of morbidity and mortality. With a number of treatment options and increasing incidence of resistance, clinicians must understand the unique aspects of each pathogen and the strengths of each medication in order to choose the appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Next Experiments in ACA Legislation and Policy

The Affordable Care Act is rightly judged to represent “comprehensive” health reform and is the first law in US history that attempts such broad reform. However, there is no broadly agreed upon definition of “comprehensive” health reform. I propose four components, all represented in the ACA (1) coverage and access; (2) delivery system reform; (3) prevention, wellness, and public health; and (4) health in all policies. These four essential categories of reform also point the way toward the next stages of health reform beyond the ACA.
The Ilizarov Method: Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Management

The Ilizarov method is an established Soviet treatment for lengthening limbs and correcting deformities of the extremities. Bone and soft tissues, through a process of distraction histogenesis, can be elongated without interposition grafting by combining stable external fixation, controlled corticotomy, and gradual manipulation. Success of the method is dependent equally on the surgical technique and the rehabilitation program, both of which call for a comprehensive team approach. Americanization of the indications and implementation of the method is being developed.
Are All Layers Created Equal

Understanding deep neural networks has been a major research objective in recent years with notable theoretical progress. A focal point of those studies stems from the success of excessively large networks which defy the classical wisdom of uniform convergence and learnability. We study empirically the layer-wise functional structure of overparameterized deep models. We provide evidence for the heterogeneous characteristic of layers. To do so, we introduce the notion of robustness to post-training re-initialization and re-randomization. We show that the layers can be categorized as either ``ambient'' or ``critical''. Resetting the ambient layers to their initial values has no negative consequence, and in many cases they barely change throughout training. On the contrary, resetting the critical layers completely destroys the predictor and the performance drops to chanceh. Our study provides further evidence that mere parameter counting or norm accounting is too coarse in studying generalization of deep models, and flatness or robustness analysis of the models needs to respect the network architectures.
Syntheses and Structures of TcOF5 and the Tc2O2F9+ Cation and Formation of the TcOF4+ Cation in Solution†

The last member of the series of technetium(VII) oxide fluorides, TcOF5, has been prepared by oxidative fluorination of TcO2F3 with KrF2 in anhydrous HF. The pseudooctahedral (C4v) structure of TcOF5 has been determined by 19F and 99Tc NMR, Raman, and infrared spectroscopies and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. TcOF5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pna21, with a = 9.235(3) A, b = 4.939(2) A, c = 8.502(3) A, V = 387.7(2) A3, and Z = 4 at −102 °C, R1 = 0.0256 and wR2 = 0.0730. TcOF5 behaves as a fluoride ion donor toward AsF5 and SbF5 in HF solvent, giving the Tc2O2F9+ cation, which has been characterized as the AsF6- and Sb2F11- salts by Raman spectroscopy and as the [Tc2O2F9][Sb2F11] salt by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Tc2O2F9][Sb2F11] crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pbcm, with a = 6.2925(4) A, b = 21.205(2) A, c = 11.7040(8) A, V = 1561.7(2) A3, and Z = 8 at −90 °C, R1 = 0.0368 and wR2 = 0.0896. The Tc2O2F9+ cation consists of two fluor...
Development and in vitro assessment of an anti-tumor nano-formulation

This study aims to develop a new anti-cancer formulation based on the chelator Dp44mT (Di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone). Dp44mT has outstanding anti-tumor activity and the unique ability to overcome multidrug-resistance in cancer cells. This highly toxic compound has thus far only been applied in free form, limiting its therapeutic effectiveness. To reach its full therapeutic potential, however, Dp44mT should be encapsulated in a nano-carrier that would enable its selective and controlled delivery to malignant cells. As the first step towards this goal, here we encapsulate Dp44mT in nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), characterize this nano-formulation, and evaluate its therapeutic potential against cancer cells in vitro. Our results showed that the Dp44mT-loaded NPs were homogenous in shape and size, and had good colloidal stability. These PLGA NPs also showed high encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity for Dp44mT and enabled the sustained and tunable release of this chelator. Dp44mT-NPs were uptaken by cancer cells, showed a strong and dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards these cells, and significantly increased apoptotic cell death, in both monolayer and spheroid tumor models. This formulation had a low-level of toxicity towards healthy control cells, indicating an inherent selectivity towards malignant cells. These results demonstrate the great potential of this novel Dp44mT-based nano-formulation for the use in cancer therapy.
Augmented Entanglement of Narrative Chronotopes and Urban Territories

The complex conditions of urban places render it difficult to identify and perceive their multivariate aesthetic characters. The question examined herein is in which ways digital media like Augmented Reality (AR) can facilitate a more comprehensive aesthetic appreciation of a place by individuals, enhance their overall experience and allow them to recognize the aesthetic distinctiveness of places that may be phenomenologically dense with aesthetics, memory, meaning, legibility. The framework proposed is founded on the inherent power of novels as chronotopes of potential dialogical experiences and on four characteristic strategies of AR. Narrative chronotope singularities are fundamental sources for understanding the collective, cultural, historical, social and spatial practices, leading to an understanding of urban environments. So the first step is to extract narrative chronotope analysis content from a novel’s urban substance (buildings, roads, squares), characters, plot and sequence of events. The second step involves a three-dimensional re-creation of urban heritage components. Finally, the AR media is interwoven with the novels based on four strategies: reinforcement of aspects of real-world urban places by digitally overlaying the novel’s setting; recontextualization to achieve the semantic transformation of places as the novel’s significance and meanings are revealed; remembrance by facilitating the emergence of diverse identities and memories; and re-embodiment through achieving a deeper understanding and re-interconnectedness with the aesthetic aspects of urban places. Augmented narrative descriptions restore harmony between body-mind-environment and fiction while ensuring that different times, places and psychological situations coincide. The proposed novel-based digitally-mediated interaction could provide a shift that leads to the embodiment, enhancement and re-conceptualization of the diverse aesthetic dimensions of constructs such as ‘heritage monuments’, ‘local community’, ‘public place’, etc. Article received: April 2, 2019; Article accepted: July 6, 2019; Published online: October 15, 2019; Review article How to cite this article: Makris, Dimitris and Maria Moira. "Augmented Entanglement of Narrative Chronotopes and Urban Territories." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 20 (2019): 87-96. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i20.335
Does it matter where you get your surgery for colorectal cancer

The influence of hospital-related factors on outcomes following colorectal surgery is not well-established. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between hospital factors on outcomes in surgically managed colorectal cancer patients. We performed a 2-year (2014–2015) analysis of the NIS database. Adult (> 18 years) patients who underwent open or laparoscopic colorectal resection were identified using ICD-9 codes. Patients were stratified based on hospital: volume (low vs. high), teaching status, and location (urban vs. rural). Outcome measures were complications and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. A total of 153,453 patients with CRC were identified of which 35.3% underwent surgical management. Mean age was 69 ± 13 years, 51.6% were female, and 67% were white. Twenty-seven percent of the patients were managed at a high-volume center, 48% at intermediate-volume center while 25% at a low-volume center. Complications and mortality rates were lower in patients who were managed at high-volume centers and urban hospitals, while no difference was noticed based on teaching status. On regression analysis, patients managed at high-volume centers (OR 0.76 [0.56–0.89]) and urban hospitals (OR 0.83 [0.64–0.91]) have lower odds of complications; similarly, high-volume centers (OR 0.79 [0.65–0.90]) and urban facility (OR 0.87 [0.70–0.92]) were associated with lower odds of mortality. However, there was no association between teaching status and outcomes. Hospital factors significantly influence outcomes in patients with CRC managed surgically. High-volume centers and urban facilities have relatively better outcomes. Regionalization of care along with the appropriate availability of resources may improve outcomes in patients with CRC. Level III, Retrospective Observational Study
Graph theoretical representations of equity indices and their centrality measures

The time dependent notion of equity market centrality can uncover the influence of the pairwise and risk evolution of securities with respect to system stability
Prediction of Venous Thromboembolism Based on Clinical and Genetic Factors

BACKGROUND Both clinical and genetic factors drive the risk of venous thromboembolism. However, whether clinically recorded risk factors and genetic variants can be combined into a clinically applicable predictive score remains unknown. METHODS Using Cox proportional-hazard models, we analyzed the association of risk factors with the likelihood of venous thromboembolism in U.K. Biobank, a large prospective cohort. We created a novel ten point clinical score using seven established clinical risk factors for venous thromboembolism. We also generated a polygenic risk score of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms to quantify genetic risk. The genetic score was categorized into high risk (top two deciles of scores), intermediate risk (deciles three to eight), and low risk (lowest two deciles). The discrete clinical score led to the following approximate decile categorizations: high risk (5 to 10 points), intermediate risk (3 to 4 points), and low risk (0 to 2 points). RESULTS Amongst the 502,536 participants in the U.K. Biobank, there were 4,843 events of venous thromboembolism. Analyses of established clinical risk factors and the most commonly used medications revealed that participants were at decreased risk of venous thromboembolism if they had ever used oral contraceptive pills (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 0.99) or if they currently used bendroflumethiazide (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.95), cod liver oil capsules (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.99), or atenolol (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.91). Participants were at significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism if they were at high clinical risk (hazard ratio, 5.98; 95% CI, 5.43 to 6.59) or high genetic risk (hazard ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 2.07 to 2.51) relative to participants at low clinical or genetic risk, respectively. Combining clinical risk factors with genetic risk factors produced a model that better predicted risk of venous thromboembolism than either model alone (P CONCLUSIONS By assessing venous thromboembolic events in over 500,000 participants, we identified several known and novel associations between risk factors and venous thromboembolism. Participants in the high risk group of a combined score, consisting of clinical and genetic factors, were over eight times more likely to experience venous thromboembolism than participants in the low risk group.
AORTIC PLAQUE PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) leverage immune system to target cancer cells. In basic research, these checkpoints are key regulators of atherosclerosis. There are no clinical data testing whether ICI accelerate atherosclerosis. We included 51 consecutive patients treated with an ICI for
Tectonic evolution of the Grenville Orogen in the central Appalachians

Abstract Remnants of the Grenville Orogeny—a globally pervasive tectonothermal event resulting from the amalgamation of the supercontinent Rodinia between ca. 1.3 and 1.0 Ga—are exposed throughout eastern North America for ca. 3000 km from Labrador to Alabama. Although tectonic models for the development of the Grenville have historically been based on observations from the large and well-exposed Canadian Grenville Province, recent investigations suggest that initial continental collision occurred proximal to the Appalachian Blue Ridge. Mesoproterozoic rocks within this portion of the orogen are exposed within a series of allochthonous terranes that were extensively reworked during Paleozoic orogenesis. To better understand the tectonic history of this critical region, we utilized garnet and monazite geochronology to reconstruct the metamorphic history of eleven samples of ortho- and paragneiss from the Appalachian Blue Ridge Province. The resultant dates, together with new results from trace element thermobarometry, define a prolonged record of high temperature metamorphism coincident with the timing of continent–continent collision as recognized in the northern portion of the orogen. Initial garnet and monazite growth commenced between 1100 and 1065 Ma with peak granulite-facies conditions (750–900 °C, 0.55–0.85 GPa) occurring from 1050 to 1010 Ma. Burial and heating of the paragneisses progressed rapidly with peak metamorphism occurring ∼20–30 Myr after deposition of the sedimentary protoliths. Local hydrothermal alteration followed peak metamorphism and occurred at 1000–990 Ma with later cooling through ∼660 °C between 980 and 935 Ma (3 ± 2 °C/Myr). The metamorphic history outlined here, together with insights from previous studies, is consistent with formation of the Blue Ridge rocks within a continental suture zone that had an orogenic architecture comparable to that of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.
Transactional Radio Instruction: From Pedagogy to Production

The TRI programs were developed and taught as a Community Development (CDV) course at the American University of Nigeria over three semesters. Each class was divided into two groups; one group for Literacy (English) and the other for Numeracy (Math). The course first explored the concepts of radio drama production, and how to integrate narratives and pedagogy into storylines. The class then focused on scriptwriting and production using both Adobe and Apple audio production packages. Sample scripts were first written and then, the actual scripts for the program. From both groups, two female students were selected to be the Radio instructors, in line with the plots of their stories.
Impact of Transanal Irrigation Device in the Management of Children With Fecal Incontinence and Constipation.

Objectives Children with fecal incontinence and constipation can be classified into 3 groups: neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) related to spinal cord defects (NBD), refractory constipation (RC), or anorectal malformations (ARMs). The transanal irrigation (TAI) device (Peristeen) was approved in 2012 by the Food and Drug Administration. This system uses a pump rather than gravity to instill water as a colonic irrigant and uses balloon occlusion of the rectum. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of TAI (Peristeen) in children who failed to respond to conservative measures for stool incontinence and constipation. Methods Retrospective study of 147 patients prescribed TAI between January 2014 and January 2020. Data collected included demographics, prior bowel regimen, symptoms before and after, patient satisfaction scores, and NBD scores. Results Of the 147 patients initiated, 114 remain active users (13 lost to follow-up and 20 discontinued use). Multiple bowel regimens including laxatives (n = 139), cone enema (n = 40), and cecostomy (n = 7) were tried previously. The majority of our patients (n = 85) have NBD, primarily spina bifida, followed by RC (n = 43), and ARM (n = 19). For all patient groups, there was significant improvement in symptoms of fecal incontinence and constipation (P ≤ 0.001). Abdominal pain was improved in the NBD and RC group, but not significantly in the ARM group. Conclusions We provide a single-center review of a large pediatric cohort using TAI (Peristeen) for management of fecal incontinence and constipation. Peristeen offered significant improvement in patients with NBD, RC, and ARM.
Discordance between high-resolution manometry, esophagoscopy and contrast esophagogram in determining landmarks for per-oral endoscopic myotomy in spastic esophageal disorders: a word of caution

Myotomy length for per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is standardized for type I and II achalasia. However, for type III achalasia, jackhammer esophagus, diffuse esophageal spasms and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, there is no standard. Determining myotomy length based on the high-pressure zone found during high-resolution manometry (HRM) and spastic length found during esophagography may be used to determine adequate myotomy length without excess muscle destruction. The records of patients who have undergone POEM procedures at our institution had the following data gleaned: age, sex, esophageal spastic diagnosis, length of high-pressure zone and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) position by HRM, length of spastic esophagus by esophagography, position of the z-line by esophagoscopy and length of myotomy performed. Outcomes were assessed based on patient symptomatic improvement and need for re-intervention. 71 patients were evaluated for POEM, with 67 completing POEM. There was an average difference in LES position by HRM and z-line position by esophagoscopy of 3.9 ± 3.0 cm. There was an average difference in high-pressure zone by HRM and spastic length by esophagography of 4.9 ± 3.2 cm. Overall, with a median of 20 months follow-up, 74% achieved long-term symptomatic improvement, with 17 patients requiring re-intervention. Discordance among HRM, esophagography and esophagoscopy can be significant. Caution should be employed with using these methods to determine myotomy length in POEM.
Tet2 Inactivation Enhances the Anti-Tumor Activity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) to Curtail Melanoma Growth

Inactivation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is one of the mechanisms mitigating anti-tumor immunity during tumor onset and progression. Epigenetic abnormalities are regarded as a major culprit contributing to the dysfunction of TILs within tumor microenvironments. In this study, we used a murine model of melanoma to discover that Tet2 inactivation significantly enhances the anti-tumor activity of TILs, with the efficacy comparable to immune checkpoint inhibition imposed by anti-PD-L1 treatment. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed that Tet2-deficient TILs exhibit effector-like features. Transcriptomic and ATAC-seq analysis further demonstrated that Tet2 deletion reshapes the chromatin accessibility and favors the binding of transcription factors geared toward CD8+ T cell activation. In summary, our study establishes that Tet2 constitutes one of the epigenetic barriers contributing to dysfunction of TILs, and that Tet2 inactivation could benefit anti-tumor immunity to boost tumor suppression. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The interrelationship between water access, exclusive breastfeeding and diarrhea in children: a cross-sectional assessment across 19 African countries.

Background Access to an improved water supply and practicing exclusive breastfeeding are essential for improving maternal and child health outcomes. However, few studies have been equipped to assess the interdependencies between access to improved water, practicing exclusive breastfeeding, and child health. The primary aim of our study was to assess whether access to an improved water supply and water-fetching were associated with mothers' practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods We analyzed data on 247 090 mothers with children 5 months old or less using Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 19 African countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between our exposures and exclusive breastfeeding practice, while meta-analytic methods were used to pool adjusted estimates across 19 countries. Results The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ranged from 22% in Nigeria to 70% in Malawi. Pooled results showed water-fetching was not associated with exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89, 1.21). Access to an improved water source was also not associated with exclusive breastfeeding (aPOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.94, 1.21). Across all countries many women were spending a significant amount of time water-fetching each day (mean time varied from 20 minutes in Ghana to 115 minutes in Mauritania). Exclusively breastfed children had 33% lower odds of diarrhea than those who were not exclusively breastfed (aPOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.78). Conclusion Our study is the first to assess the relationship between access to improved water supply, water-fetching and exclusive breastfeeding. We found that access to water supply and time spent by mothers fetching water were not associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice, even though mothers spent significant time fetching water.
Fibrin sheath disruption during guidewire exchange for bacteremia: Low recurrence of infection and preservation of vascular access sites:

Background:Catheter-associated bacteremia (CAB) often leads to removal of tunneled dialysis catheters with delayed insertion (RDI). Exchange over a guidewire (ExW) can be considered for access site...
Gynecomastia With Marked Cellular Atypia Associated With Chemotherapy A Diagnostic Pitfall in Fine-Needle Aspiration

c Gynecomastia is a common benign male breast disease, which may exhibit mild cellular atypia in cytology specimens. However, marked cytologic atypia can be seen in gynecomastia superimposed by chemotherapy. The case described in this report demonstrated severe cytologic atypia of gynecomastia mimicking carcinoma in a patient treated with chemotherapy for acute leukemia. A distinct cytologic feature helpful in avoiding the diagnostic error is described, namely, atypical cells admixed with bland ductal cells and appearing at a different plane. The importance of applying strict diagnostic criteria in breast cytology and clinical correlation is also emphasized. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002;126:613‐614)