cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Inflection Navigator

The Infiection Navigator system is a low-tech and low-cost innovation which helps empower a care coordination team to help patients receive a consistent and efficient workup for important healthcare issues. These health care related “Infiection Points” can range from a new lab finding (e.g. Hematuria or blood in the urine) to a new diagnosis (e.g. Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension). A physician initiates the Infiection Navigator process by choosing a “Pathway” message in their electronic medical record (EMR) system (See Fig. 3.1) and sending it to their care coordination team. These care coordinators, or Infiection Navigators, then notify patients about what to expect in the coming weeks, provide them with educational materials, obtain referral authorizations and help them set up tests and specialty visits in the correct sequence and timeframe.
The History of Japanese Racism, Japanese American Redress, and the Dangers Associated With Government Regulation of Hate Speech

This Article begins by critically examining the history of Japanese racism in relation to Japan’s imperial projection of racialized policies and military ventures unleashed by Japanese government and propaganda agencies. We then examine Japanese Americans’ successful redress movement in the U.S. and the lessons of this campaign for other victims of racist government policies. Many lawsuits have been filed against the Japanese government to demand both apologies and reparations. The plaintiffs included Ainu people who were stripped of their land and subjected to Japan’s forced assimilation policies; Korean victims and families whose members were murdered by Japanese militias during the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923; Okinawan civilians who were killed or forced to commit suicide during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945; and Burakumins who have been long subjected to both corporate and governmental discrimination, as well as other Asian victims of Japanese imperialism, including families and/or victims of sexual enslavement, forced laborers, among many others. This Article also critically examines the possible dangers associated with giving governments the authority and power to regulate the parameters of hate speech and free speech. Professor Craig Martin’s article assumes that the Japanese government should act as a principal organ to regulate and legislate hate speech. This Article argues that the governments in Japan and the U.S. have often acted against the interests of racial and ethnic minorities and that greater public debate and discussion is needed to examine the potential ramifications of government regulation of hate speech that might limit the freedom of speech, especially speech critical of the government. This Article further argues that today’s resurgence of racism and racial prejudice against marginalized populations in Japan must be understood within the context of the historical legacy of Japanese governmental policies that propelled racialized nation-building and imperial projects in both Japan and Asia in the late nineteenth century and the early half of the twentieth century. This Article substantiates that the failure to acknowledge the role of Japanese racism and the Japanese government’s refusal to accept Japanese war responsibilities may lie at the heart of today’s resurgence of racism and hate speeches against Japan’s minority populations.
Another look at Icelandic case marking and grammatical relations

The phenomenon of ‘quirky’ case in Icelandic and the syntactic status of NPs bearing ‘quirky’ case has been the subject of much discussion in contemporary grammatical theory. Zaenen, Maling and Thrainsson (1985) and Andrews (1982a, b) present Lexical-Functional Grammar analyses of these phenomena. This paper proposes a Role and Reference Grammar account. Under the RRG account, ‘quirky’ case is less pervasive than LFG analyses claim, with many instances due not to idiosyncratic case marking but to the irregular transitivity of particular verbs. Further, RRG analyses of passive and ‘subject’ selection correctly predict the existence of dual passives for ditransitive verbs and the non-existence of impersonal passives for intransitive verbs with ‘quirky’ subjects.
Comments on the draft paper “underground supercriticality from plutonium and other fissile material,” written by C.D. Bowman and F. Venneri (LANL)

In response to a request from the Director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, several members of the staff of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory participated in a technical review of a draft paper by C. D. Bowman and F. Venneri dealing with the potential for nuclear criticality in the geologic disposal of fissile materials. This review consisted of a consideration of the technical issues raised in the draft paper, and did not include discussions with the authors.
El incremento del input de la forma femenina en el aula de español L2

espanolEste estudio examina el efecto de presentar nuevo vocabulario a estudiantes de espanol como segunda lengua primeramente en femenino, basado en que los errores de concordancia de genero no se deben a una incomprension de las reglas de concordancia, sino de asign acion de genero. Se trata de incidir en el estadio en que se aprenden tanto el significado de la palabra como los generos en que puede ser utilizada. Busca contrarrestar la mayor frecuencia del masculino en los libros de texto y el aula siguiendo el princi pio de que ambos generos gramaticales pueden estar igualmente representados en las listas de vocabulario, e incrementar la frecuencia del femenino en el input que reciben los aprendices en el aula de espanol. Los resultados muestran que la presentacion de vocabulario en femenino no aumenta la sensibilidad gramatical de genero, pero si favorece el uso del femenino en contextos de produccion escrita libre . EnglishThis study examines the effect of feminine form input with students of Spanish as a second language. Based on the origin of gender agreement errors not in a lack of understanding of the rules of grammar, but gend er assignment. Therefore, at this initial stage of learning a word, it could be beneficial to learn both the meaning of the word and the genders in which it can be used. It seeks to counteract the greater frequency of the masculine in textbooks and the cla ssroom following the principle that both grammar genres can be equally represented in vocabulary lists, and thus increase the frequency of the feminine input that the apprentices receive in the L2 Spanish classroom. The results show that the presentation o f vocabulary in feminine form does not increase the grammar sensibility to gender, but it does favor the use of feminine in the context of free written production .
Targeting CD20 and CD22 with Rituximab in Combination with CMC-544 Results in Improved Anti-Tumor Activity Against Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) Pre-Clinical Models.

Abstract CMC-544 is an IgG4 CD22-humanized targeted immunoconjugate of calicheamicin. Upon CD22 biding, CMC-544 internalizes inducing cell apoptosis in vitro/in vivo against NHL with minimal modulation of the immune system. In addition to direct cell-death, rituximab, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), can induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Combination of mAbs directed against unique tumor-associated targets can potentially enhance anti-tumor activity. Objectives: To study the effects of targeting CD20 and CD22 using rituximab in combination with CMC-544. Material and Methods: For in vitro studies, a panel of NHL cell lines [Raji, SUDHL-4, SU-DHL-10, Ramos, and two rituximab resistant cell lines (RRCL), [2R and 4RH] were exposed to CMC-544 (0.4pg/ml to 0.4μg/ml) +/− Rituximab (10μg/ml) or appropriate controls for 24 or 48 hrs. DNA synthesis was quantified by [H3]Thymidine incorporation and apoptosis was detected by multiparameter flow cytometric analysis and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. For ADCC/CMC studies, 51Cr-labeled NHL cells were exposed to CMC-544 (0.4μg/ml) prior to treatment with rituximab (10mg/ml) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Effector: Target ratio 40:1) or human serum, respectively. 51Cr-release was measured and the percentage of lysis was calculated. Statistical analysis of results was performed using the Chi-square test. For in vivo studies, 6–8-week old SCID mice were inoculated via tail vein injection (iv) with Raji cells (1 × 106 on day 0). Animals were assigned to receive 8 doses of either saline, CMC-544 (40μg/kg/dose), rituximab (10mg/kg/dose iv), or rituximab alternating with CMC-544. Antibodies were administered iv every other day starting on day +5. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier curves and p values calculated using log rank test. Results: Exposure of various NHL cells to CMC-544 resulted in a dose-dependent significant decrease in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Rituximab-associated CMC or ADCC was not further enhanced by CMC-544 in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that the mean survival for animals treated with CMC-544 increased when compared to control mice [64 days (95% C.I. 48–80; 22 days (95% C.I. 21–23), respectively, P=0.001]. To a lesser degree rituximab monotherapy resulted in significant anti-tumor effects and the median survival reached 44 days (95% C.I. 31–56). Notably, animals treated with rituximab in combination with CMC-544 had the longest median survival (not reached at +90 days, log rank P=0.007). Conclusions: Our data suggest targeting CD20 and CD22 by rituximab and CMC-544 resulted in a longer survival in lymphoma-bearing SCID mice. Clinical trials with this combination will be needed to confirm these results for the treatment of lymphoma patients
A client-centered relational framework on barriers to the integration of HIV and substance use services: a systematic review.

Given the close connection between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and substance use disorder (SUD), access to integrated HIV and SUD services is critical for individuals experiencing both challenges and their biopsychosocial conditions. Adopting an integrative method, this systematic review included 23 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2018. Articles investigated providers’ and clients’ perspectives on barriers to accessing integrated HIV and SUD services in various service settings (e.g., HIV primary care, SUD treatment, pharmacy). Using a client-centered relational framework, we identified barriers in three relational domains with “the client” as the focus of each: client-provider, client-organization, and client-system. The review shows that (1) barriers to HIV and SUD services do not exist in isolation, but in the dynamics within and across three relational domains; (2) service providers and clients often have different perceptions about what constitutes a barrier and the origin of such barriers; and (3) interprofessional and interorganizational collaborations are crucial for integrating HIV and SUD services. This review points out the limitations of the conventional paradigm grouping barriers to service integration into isolated domains (client, provider, organization, or system). Reforms in service arrangements and provider training are recommended to address barriers to integrated services.
Performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays to reflect comorbidity burden and improve mortality risk stratification in older adults with diabetes

OBJECTIVE Incorporation of comorbidity burden to inform diabetes management in older adults remains challenging. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins are objective, quantifiable biomarkers that may improve risk monitoring in older adults. We assessed the associations of elevations in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and T (hs-cTnT) with comorbidities and improvements in mortality risk stratification. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used logistic regression to examine associations of comorbidities with elevations in either troponin (≥85th percentile) among 1,835 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with diabetes (ages 67–89 years, 43% male, 31% black) at visit 5 (2011–2013). We used Cox models to compare associations of high cardiac troponins with mortality across comorbidity levels. RESULTS Elevations in either troponin (≥9.4 ng/L for hs-cTnI, ≥25 ng/L for hs-cTnT) were associated with prevalent coronary heart disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, pulmonary disease, hypoglycemia, hypertension, dementia, and frailty. Over a median follow-up of 6.2 years (418 deaths), both high hs-cTnI and high hs-cTnT further stratified mortality risk beyond comorbidity levels; those with a high hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT and high comorbidity were at highest mortality risk. Even among those with low comorbidity, a high hs-cTnI (hazard ratio [HR] 3.0 [95% CI 1.7, 5.4]) or hs-cTnT (HR 3.3 [95% CI 1.8, 6.2]) was associated with elevated mortality. CONCLUSIONS Many comorbidities were reflected by both hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT; elevations in either of the troponins were associated with higher mortality risk beyond comorbidity burden. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins may identify older adults at high mortality risk and be useful in guiding clinical care of older adults with diabetes.
Advancing the Learning Agenda in Jewish Education: edited by Jon A. Levisohn and Jeffrey S. Kress, Boston, Academic Studies Press, 2018, 232 pp., $34.00 (Paperback), ISBN: 9781618118790

Advancing the Learning Agenda in Jewish Education (2018), coedited by Jon Levisohn and Jeffrey Kress, is an exhortation to our field and a strong step forward toward creating the agenda they wish t...
High-brightness displays made with micro-transfer printed flip-chip microLEDs

The incumbent flat-panel technologies, liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), are ill-suited to produce compact, efficient, and robust high-brightness displays. LCDs are very inefficient, only a small fraction (~5%) of the generated light exits the display. To achieve highbrightness LCDs, practitioners create extremely bright back-light units using inorganic LEDs which require expensive and unreliable active cooling solutions. OLEDs use organic molecules to form light emitting diodes within each display pixel. The lifetime of the organic light emitters is inversely proportional with the display brightness; therefore, OLEDs are not suitable for highbrightness applications. In sharp contrast, inorganic LEDs made using wafer-level semiconductor technology are long-lived, even when operating at high luminance. Displays that use inorganic LEDs as the light-emitters within each display pixel already dominate the giant video walls that increasingly decorate our highways and streetscapes. Today, there are many efforts around the world aimed at making highly miniaturized inorganic LEDs, called microLEDs, and developing methods to transfer those microLEDs from their native substrate to the destination display substrate. Effective techniques to produce microLED displays must have the capability to quickly and accurately transfer millions of microscale devices and are called "mass transfer" technologies. Micro-transfer-printing using elastomer stamps is one such "mass transfer" technology that has been used to produce prototype microLED displays. Here, we will describe how micro-transfer-printing combined with wafer-level packaging techniques can produce highbrightness displays. We will provide fabrication details and characterization results of various 5.1" 70 PPI microLED displays. In one example, we produced a monochrome green display using 8 μm x 15 μm flip-chip InGaN microLEDs with a maximum brightness in excess of 30,000 nits. We will highlight application opportunities and remaining challenges for high-brightness displays using microLEDs.
Effects of chronic cold water exposure in fish harvesters on sensory and motor performance and cold tolerance

The purpose of this study was to compare how fish harvesters who have years of chronic cold water exposure, differ from controls, with no history of cold exposure, on tests of sensation, motor performance and cold tolerance. Twelve fish harvesters and eight controls performed the following tests in both room temperature and cold conditions: VonFrey touch, grooved pegboard, manual dexterity, maximum cold exposure, and a discomfort rating. During the room temperature test, fish harvesters had a statistically higher VonFrey touch score than controls indicating decrements to their sense of touch. Results showed no statistically significant findings between groups for either of the motor performance, maximum cold exposure or discomfort tests. Findings suggest that chronic cold water exposure does not appear to lead to an adaptation to working in the cold, but instead can lead to non-freezing cold exposure injury.
Feasibility and Acceptability of the HOME Program for Veterans Recently Discharged from a Psychiatric Hospitalization.

Enrollment in the Home-Based Mental Health Evaluation (HOME) Program is associated with higher rates of treatment engagement following psychiatric hospitalization discharge, as compared to enhanced care as usual. We aim to describe feasibility and acceptability data related to implementation of the HOME Program at two Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) to inform future program refinement and implementation. Process evaluation data regarding feasibility and acceptability were collected in the context of an interventional multi-site trial. Data regarding enrollment in the study and the intervention were collected by study staff. Additional acceptability and feasibility data were obtained via the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8) and Narrative Evaluation of Intervention Interview (NEII). Between 82 and 91% of enrolled Veterans participated in at least one post-discharge telephone contact. Site differences existed with respect to completion of home visits. CSQ-8 results suggested high levels of satisfaction with the HOME Program. Themes identified via the NEII reflect that as a result of participation in the HOME Program, Veterans felt hopeful and cared for and learned how to keep themselves safe following hospital discharge. Process evaluation data from a clinical trial of the HOME Program demonstrated that the intervention was feasible to implement at two VAMCs and was acceptable to participants. These data inform considerations for future research and implementation efforts. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03347552.
Electroconvulsive Treatment(ECT) in the presence of titanium cochlear implant: a case report

Introduction Several questions remain regarding the safety of ECT in the presence of cranial metallic objects. Foreign objects may lead to electrical field disruptions resulting in ineffective treatment and complications. Few reports of cases describe the safety of ECT with cranial foreign objects like cerebral clipping systems, coils and other foreign bodies. For some of these cases the placement of ECT electrodes had to be modified. Methods Review of a case seen and treated on our geriatric inpatient unit Results We present the case of a 67 year old man who presented to our inpatient unit with severe depression with psychotic features. He poorly responded to treatment with an antidepressant and anti psychotic at target doses. He had a congenital right ear deformity with hearing loss for which he had a titanium cochlear implant placed many years ago. Patient received 11 sessions of right unilateral ECT. The electrode placement was not modified. He had good and appropriate seizures. He reported only minor discomfort with reports of mild muscle ache around the right jaw. His symptoms remitted. There was no objective evidence of cognitive impairment from ECT; weekly MOCA were between 25-30/30 and he did not report confusion, headache, or amnesia post ECT. Conclusions The presence of a foreign object may not be an absolute contraindication to ECT. Each case should be considered and assessed to ensure safety. Funding Not applicable
Combined Endovascular and Microsurgical Management of a Tentorial Arteriovenous Malformation in a Hybrid Neurovascular Operating Room: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Tentorial margin arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) at the cerebello-mesencephalic fissure are deep lesions, which can be safely resected via a lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach. This video illustrates the case of a patient who presented with hemorrhage from a tentorial AVM. He was managed in the hybrid neurovascular operating room with Onyx (Medtronic) embolization of a superior cerebellar artery feeder followed by resection of the AVM, which included cerebellar relaxation from lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage and lateral positioning. Wide cisternal arachnoid dissection at the quadrigeminal cistern allowed for a straight trajectory to the AVM without fixed retraction. Intraoperative transradial angiography confirmed complete AVM exclusion. This video was deemed Institutional Review Board (IRB) exempt by the University of Pennsylvania IRB as it is considered a case report, which does not require IRB approval or patient consent. The patient consented to the procedure.
Sex therapy with couples experiencing infertility: an intersystem approach

Infertility is experienced by 15-25% of couples throughout the world. The negative effects of infertility on individuals, couples, and families is extensive, influencing mental health, perceptions ...
Legal Education and Professional Skills: Myths andMisconceptions About Theory and Practice

I. THE CASEBOOK METHOD OF INSTRUCTION 10 A. What the Appellate Case Method Accomplishes 11 B. What Case Method Instruction Misses 14 1. Inadequacy in Teaching Substantive Law 14 2. The Missing Context of the Lawyering Process: Clients and Facts ....... 16 a. Client Problem-Solving 16 b. Facts, Factual Investigation, and Persuasive Storytelling 18 3. The Missing Analytical Frameworks for Teaching Transactional Planning 20
Child-Proofing Global Public Health in Anticipation of Emergency

The response of the international community to the COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by a lack of transparency, substantial gaps in scientific understanding, inconsistent communication, lack of capacity for the manufacture of vaccines, substantial gaps in preparedness for diagnostics and personal protective equipment, absence to date of an effective treatment, and political conflict. What makes most of these problems the more glaring is that we understood the gaps well in advance, but we were not prepared to address them. Regrettably for the international community, the pandemic struck during a confluence of political trends that culminated in strong nationalist and anti-science political movements. Can International law provide a more resilient framework in which the decisions of national leaders during crisis are less likely to cause harm? A framework in which we are less susceptible to ad hoc and incoherent decision making? In a way we are asking whether international law can child-proof the working space of global public health, making it less susceptible to the transient ebb and flow of national political leaders? A fully functioning global public health system would prepare us in advance to address viral and other pathogenic outbreaks in terms of robust R&D platforms and sound manufacturing infrastructure. It would alert us to an outbreak at the earliest possible date, and it would instruct us regarding the appropriate interim protective measures to take, all without triggering perceptions of personal insecurity that lead to social unrest and conflict. While flagging some of the potential obstacles it is nevertheless worth considering the possibility for a comprehensive International arrangement to prepare for and address future pandemic outbreaks. Given the many interests implicated by pandemic outbreaks – which COVID-19 reminds us can have extensive and devastating impacts around the world – it might be well to envisage a self-standing regime, or a regime negotiated under the auspices of the United Nations. This would take into account the “political equality” of the principal multilateral institutions. An international convention or other mechanism to address a pandemic must create winners. It cannot be perceived as depriving Party A to satisfy the needs of Party B.
Business cycle fluctuations in Taiwan — A Bayesian DSGE analysis

Abstract This paper examines the Taiwanese economy in a small open economy DSGE model using Bayesian estimation. The model consists of two countries and 12 exogenous shocks with stochastic volatility to capture the fluctuations in the business cycle. The main results are: (1) shock innovations with stochastic volatility increase the model fit, (2) shocks originated from outside the country are important sources of fluctuations in the Taiwanese business cycle.
LogMAR-based visual acuity measurements: limits of normality

Aim: To review critically the literature on the use of logMAR visual acuity tests. This includes visual acuity norms for a range of different ages and tests, and repeatability values. Method: A literature review was conducted of data on validity, age norms and repeatability of currently available logMAR tests. Results: All the methodological discrepancies con­cerning the Snellen-based tests have been accounted for in the design of logMAR-based tests. Tests available for paediatric use include the crowded and uncrowded logMAR test, Kay’s linear logMAR crowded picture test. HOTV acuity test and the l ea Symbols chart. Normative acuity data have been reported for logMAR tests for children from 3 to II years of age and young adults. The data show that with increasing age the mean acuity improves and the range attributed to normal narrows. The repeatabil­ity and reliability of the ETDRS and crowded logMAR tests have been determined and values reported for the detection of change. Conclusions: Research to date remains sparse on visual acuity norms as a function of age for log-based tests and data tend to be on one test for a limited age group. There is a need for comparative age-specific normative data for acuity scores for logMAR tests, which could only he achieved by undertaking a large cohort study evaluating multiple tests on the same children in the age range 3 to 7 years.
New Targetable Pathways in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Abstract In the past decade, inhibition of B-cell receptor-associated (BCR) Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), phosphoinotiside-3 kinase (PI3K), and the pro-survival protein BCL2 using small molecules has led to a paradigm shift in CLL therapy.1,2 However, resistance to targeted agents is inevitable. In addition to acquiring target protein mutations, CLL cells may lose dependence on Bcl-2.3–6 Emerging data suggest that such cells may be susceptible to inhibition of alternate BCL2 family proteins, as well as signaling pathways that are activated in this setting.6
Recombination and selection against introgressed DNA

DNA introgressed from one species into another is typically deleterious at many genomic loci in the recipient species. It is therefore purged by selection over time. Here, we use mathematical modeling and whole-genome simulations to study the influence of recombination on the purging of introgressed DNA. We find that aggregate recombination controls the genome-wide rate of purging in the first few generations after admixture, when purging is most rapid. Aggregate recombination is quantified by r, the average recombination rate across all locus pairs, and analogous metrics. It is influenced by the number of crossovers (i.e., the map length) and their locations along chromosomes, and by the number of chromosomes and heterogeneity in their size. A comparative prediction of our analysis is that species with fewer chromosomes should purge introgressed DNA more profoundly, and therefore should exhibit a weaker genomic signal of historical introgression. With regard to patterns across the genome, we show that, in heterogametic species with autosomal recombination in both sexes, more purging is expected on sex chromosomes than on autosomes, all else equal. The opposite prediction holds for species without autosomal recombination in the heterogametic sex. Finally, we show that positive genomic correlations between local recombination rate and introgressed ancestry, as recently observed in several taxa, are likely driven not by recombination9s effect in unlinking neutral from deleterious introgressed alleles, but rather by its effect on the rate of purging of the deleterious alleles themselves.
Astrocytes encode complex behaviorally relevant information

Astrocytes, glial cells of the central nervous system, help to regulate neural circuit operation and adaptation. They exhibit complex forms of chemical excitation, most prominently calcium transients, evoked by neuromodulator and -transmitter receptor activation. However, whether and how astrocytes contribute to cortical processing of complex behavior remains unknown. One of the puzzling features of astrocyte calcium transients is the high degree of variability in their spatial and temporal patterns under behaving conditions. Here, we provide mechanistic links between astrocytes9 activity patterns, molecular signaling, and behavioral cognitive and motor activity variables by employing a visual detection task that allows for in vivo calcium imaging, robust statistical analyses, and machine learning approaches. We show that trial type and performance levels deterministically shape astrocytes9 spatial and temporal response properties. Astrocytes encode the animals9 decision, reward, and sensory properties. Our error analysis confirms that astrocytes carry behaviorally relevant information depending on and complementing neuronal coding. We also report that cell-intrinsic mechanisms curb astrocyte calcium activity. Additionally, we show that motor activity-related parameters strongly impact astrocyte responses and must be considered in sensorimotor study designs. Our data inform and constrain current models of astrocytes9 contribution to complex behavior and brain computation beyond their established homeostatic and metabolic roles.
High‐efficiency removal of phytic acid in soy meal using two‐stage temperature‐induced Aspergillus oryzae solid‐state fermentation

BACKGROUND Phytic acid of soy meal (SM) could influence protein and important mineral digestion of monogastric animals. Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) solid-state fermentation was applied to degrade phytic acid in SM. Two-stage temperature fermentation protocol was investigated to increase the degradation rate. The first stage was to maximize phytase production and the second stage was to realize the maximum enzymatic degradation. RESULTS In the first stage, a combination of 41% moisture, a temperature of 37 °C and inoculum size of 1.7 mL in 5 g substrate (dry matter basis) favored maximum phytase production, yielding phytase activity of 58.7 U, optimized via central composite design. By the end of second-stage fermentation, 57% phytic acid was degraded from SM fermented at 50 °C, compared with 39% of that fermented at 37 °C. The nutritional profile of fermented SM was also studied. Oligosaccharides were totally removed after fermentation and 67% of total non-reducing polysaccharides were decreased. Protein content increased by 9.5%. CONCLUSION Two-stage temperature protocol achieved better phytic acid degradation during A. oryzae solid state fermentation. The fermented SM has lower antinutritional factors (phytic acid, oligosaccharides and non-reducing polysaccharides) and higher nutritional value for animal feed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Interactive Contributions of Cumulative Peer Stress and Executive Function Deficits to Depression in Early Adolescence.

Exposure to peer stress contributes to adolescent depression, yet not all youth experience these effects. Thus, it is important to identify individual differences that shape the consequences of peer stress. This research investigated the interactive contribution of cumulative peer stress during childhood (second-fifth grades) and executive function (EF) deficits to depression during early adolescence (sixth grade). Youth (267 girls, 227 boys; Xage at Wave 1 = 7.95, SD = .37) completed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to assess peer stress and depression, respectively; teachers completed the Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function to assess everyday performance in several EF domains. As anticipated, exposure to peer stress in childhood predicted heightened sixth-grade depression in girls but not boys with higher levels of EF deficits. This study extends theory and research on individual differences in vulnerability to adolescent depression, in turn elucidating potential intervention targets.
Interfaith Dialogue as a Means for Transformational Conversations

AbstractThis article reports findings, inspired by the researcher’s personal, transformational experience, on students’ responses to an interfaith dialogue at an Interfaith Youth Core Interfaith Leadership Institute. Results demonstrated that several factors characterize interfaith dialogue: the environment, individual relationships fostered through sharing and storytelling, and participants’ ecumenical worldview or “we are all human” mindset.
Profit Sharing in an Asymmetric Bargaining Game

It is a stylized fact of many experiments on the ultimatum game and alternating offer bargaining games that play deviates from the game theoretic solution toward equitable allocations. Evidence for this result are the surveys by Guth and Tietz (1990) and Thaler (1988) as well as the more recent ones by Roth (1995) and Camerer and Thaler (1995).
Tehao functions in the Toll pathway in Drosophila melanogaster: possible roles in development and innate immunity

Toll and related proteins play important roles in innate immunity in both invertebrates and vertebrates. In Drosophila melanogaster, Tehao shares a striking similarity in its intracellular domain with Toll. In this paper, we show that Tehao is expressed throughout development and appears to be glycosylated. In transiently transfected cells, Tehao activated both Dorsal and the transcription of endogenous drosomycin and metchnikowin genes. Purified recombinant Tehao interacted specifically in vitro not only with the Pelle protein kinase, but also with the Toll intracytoplasmic domain. Remarkably, Tehao was found to activate Dorsal-dependent transcription in a synergistic manner with Toll, as well as Pelle in co-transfected cells. Thus, Tehao, alone or with Toll as a multimeric complex, has the potential to participate in both the development and innate immune responses of Drosophila.
Flavor-changing Z0 decays.

We examine a class of extended electroweak models in which quark flavors are violated due to neutral gauge bosons which do not couple universally to the fermion generations. It is shown that the decays ${Z}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{b}s+\overline{s}b$ and ${Z}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{t}c+\overline{c}t$ can occur with sizable branching ratios (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$-${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$) in a model with three quark-lepton families. Also, the model predicts a branching ratio of \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{sl}}^{+}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, which is within the present experimental limit and well above the standard-model prediction of \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$.
In Vitro Studies of Semisynthetic α- (Substituted-Ureido) Penicillins

The activity of three α-(substituted-ureido) penicillins was evaluated in vitro against 599 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli, by use of the broth-dilution technique. At a concentration of 12.5 μg or less/ml, BL-P1597 inhibited 90% of isolates of Pseudomonas sp., 56% of Enterobacter sp., 67% of indole-positive Proteus spp., 72% of Escherichia coli, and 85% of Proteus mirabilis. BL-P1654 had similar activity, whereas BL-P1532 was much less active. At a concentration of 25 μg or less/ml, BL-P1597 also inhibited nearly 60% of isolates of Klebsiella sp. and nearly 40% of Serratia sp. BL-P1597 and BL-P1654 were as active as ampicillin and carbenicillin against E. coli and P. mirabilis. They were less active than carbenicillin against indole-positive Proteus spp. Both drugs were substantially more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas sp. A strain of Pseudomonas sp. which developed resistance to carbenicillin also developed resistance to the α-(substituted-ureido) penicillins simultaneously.
Felix Frankfurter's Revenge: An Accidental Democracy Built by Judges

A critical overview of judicial activity in the democracy area since Baker v. Carr. Professor Neuborne argues that the failure of the judiciary to commit to a substantive conception of democracy has resulted in a judicially-designed law of democracy that may or may not be defensible on purely doctrinal grounds, but that has resulted in the evolution of a poorly-designed democracy that no rational Founder would have endorsed. The article surveys five lines of judicial authority: (1) defining the eligible electorate: (2) determining the circumstances under which eligible members of the electorate can be disenfranchised; (3) regulating the formal operation of the electoral process, including gerrymandering; (4) determining the ability of voters to influence entrenched political interests; and (5) regulating the funding of electoral campaigns, and concludes that, except for the definition of the eligible electorate, judges have done a poor job in developing the law of democracy. The article argues for a greater sense of judicial responsibility for the quality of the democracy their decisions are shaping.
Psychopathology among children placed in family foster care.

OBJECTIVE: The literature on psychopathology among children in family foster care published in the last 20 years was reviewed to estimate prevalence and types of psychopathology in this population. METHODS: A comprehensive computerized database was searched for the period 1974 through 1994, with emphasis on recent literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of psychopathology among children in family foster care is higher than would be expected from normative data, even when this population is compared with children who have backgrounds of similar deprivation. As for the types of psychopathology in this population, the only apparent trend is the predominance of externalizing disorders, such as disruptive behavior disorders. A combination of social, psychological, and biological factors may render children in family foster care highly vulnerable to psychopathology.
The Endometrium of Delayed and Early Implantation

The length of gestation in a given species is generally proportional to the size of the young at birth and the relative maturity of the neonates. However, there are several variations in reproductive patterns that can extend the length of time from copulation to parturition. Delayed fertilization is a rare phenomenon found in a few species of bats (Wimsattet al 1966). Characteristically, sperm from a fall mating remain viable at the tubouterine junction until ovulation in the spring (Racey and Potts, 1970), and there is no retardation in the development of the zygote once fertilization has occurred. Conversely, in retarded development, now reported in at least two genera of bats, implantation occurs shortly after the blastocyst appears in the uterus, but formation of the placenta is slow, expecially the establishment of appropriate vascularization, and the early developmental stages of the embryo are retarded (Fleming, 1971; Bleier, 1975; Burns and Wallace, 1975; Wimsatt, 1975).
El capital, los rituales y las fronteras de la comunidad corporativa cerrada

En este articulo el autor se propone reexaminar las dimensiones culturales de la comunidad corporativa-cerrada. Al hacerlo, usa el caso de los mixes en Oaxaca para explorar como elementos de modos capitalistas y no-capitalistas de produccion se integran culturalmente para definir una formacion social sincretica. El principal interes es mostrar como los elementos del modo capitalista —tales como el dinero, el credito, la riqueza, los contratos, y la propiedad— son reinterpretados y retrabajados cuando pasan a traves del prisma de la cultura mixe. Se enfoca en los significados culturales vinculados al dinero y a la riqueza. Su argumento, esencialmente, es que las nociones mixes del buen y del mal dinero, junto con sus rituales asociados a los negocios mixes, determinan como se movilizan el capital y la riqueza dentro de la comunidad. Tales ideas y rituales son solo parte de los recursos culturales utilizados por las comunidades mixes para mediar sus relaciones con el vasto mundo capitalista
A simple method for parameterized verification of cache coherence protocols

We present a simple method for verifying the safety properties of cache coherence protocols with arbitrarily many nodes. Our presentation begins with two examples. The first example describes in intuitive terms how the German protocol with arbitrarily many nodes can be verified using a combination of Murphi model checking and apparently circular reasoning. The second example outlines a similar proof of the FLASH protocol. These are followed by a simple theory based on the classical notion of simulation proofs that justifies the apparently circular reasoning. We conclude the paper by discussing what remains to be done and by comparing our method with other approaches to the parameterized verification of cache coherence protocols, such as compositional model checking, machine-assisted theorem proving, predicate abstraction, invisible invariants, and cut-off theorems.
Terrestrial cosmogenic-nuclide production systematics calculated from numerical simulations

Abstract Calculations for the production of cosmogenic nuclides in the Earth's atmospheric and in-situ in the surface are reported and discussed. We calculated production rates of 3 H, 7 Be, 10 Be, 14 C, and 36 Cl in the atmosphere by both galactic cosmic rays and solar protons, and our calculated production rates for 14 C agree well with previous results. Production of atmospheric 7 Be and 36 Cl by solar protons in polar regions is not negligible. Our produciton rates and depth dependences for in-situ 3 He, 10 Be, 14 C, 21 Ne, 26 Al, and 36 Cl agree well with experimental measurements for certain minerals in surface samples. The altitude dependence of in-situ production rates was also calculated.
The Siemens Virtual Wedge

A Siemens Virtual Wedge has recently been installed and commissioned at the Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre. Measurements reported below show that 1) Virtual Wedge factors are within 1.5% of 1; 2) percentage depth doses down to 15 cm for open and virtually wedged fields are identical to within 0.7%; 3) relative cross beam profiles for 60 degrees virtual and physical wedges are very similar except at the toe end where a 5% difference in relative dose has been observed and 4) the peripheral dose from the 60 degrees Virtual Wedge is about half of that from the 60 degrees physical wedge. A clinical protocol requiring combined open and 60 degrees wedged fields has been developed and validated. This protocol, which does not impair the utility of the Virtual Wedge, facilitates the use of on-line portal imaging and significantly reduces the effort required to commission the system.
Producibility Analysis Using Metrics Based on Physical Process Models

This paper presents an approach to evaluating producibility which is intended to enhance the ability of engineers to quickly design low-cost and high-quality parts. We divide all production processes into two categories: trajectory-dominated processes in which a generic tool is moved in a trajectory to form the part shape, and process-physics-dominated processes in which shaped tools are used to form similarly shaped parts. We focus on process-physics-dominated processes and on producibility problems that arise because of part shape. We argue that for these processes the currently popular approach of representing parts as collections of geometric features may be inappropriate for evaluating producibility. We propose an alternative approach and representation. Our approach consists of first identifying the different failure modes of the process and then defining producibility metrics corresponding to the likelihood of encountering each failure mode. This set of metrics is used to represent the degree to which a part is easily manufactured. Finally, we demonstrate this approach by developing a set of metrics for evaluating the producibility of aluminum extrusions. We use extrusions from the Boeing 777 to validate the metrics.
Circadian Rhythm Generation and Entrainment in Astrocytes

In mammals, the master circadian pacemaker is considered the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN consists of a heterogeneous population of neurons and relatively understudied glia. We investigated whether glia, like neurons, rhythmically express circadian genes. We generated pure cultures of cortical astrocytes from Period2::luciferase (Per2::luc) knock-in mice and Period1::luciferase (Per1::luc) transgenic rats and recorded bioluminescence as a real-time reporter of gene activity. We found that rat Per1::luc and mouse Per2::luc astroglia express circadian rhythms with a genetically determined period. These rhythms damped out after several days but were reinitiated by a variety of treatments, including a full volume exchange of the medium. If cultures were treated before damping out, the phase of Per1::luc rhythmicity was shifted, depending on the time of the pulse relative to the peak of Per1 expression. Glial rhythms entrained to daily 1.5 degrees C temperature cycles and were significantly sustained when cocultured with explants of the adult SCN but not with cortical explants. Thus, multiple signals, including a diffusible factor(s) from the SCN, are sufficient to either entrain or restart circadian oscillations in cortical glia.
One-electron spectrum of Xe viii

The spectrum of Xe viii has been observed in a theta-pinch discharge. New line identifications were made that determine the energies of the 6s, 7s, 6p, and 5f terms relative to the 5s2S ground state and confirm the previously known 5p and 5d terms. An independent system of levels derived from the observed 4f-ng (n = 5,6) transitions was found. Its position relative to the ground state is obtained from a predicted value for the 5g effective quantum number n*. From the ns series (n = 5–7) a value for the ionization enegy of 105.91 ± 0.05 eV was derived.
Thermal Evaluation of Green Roof Systems Containing Bottom Ash Growth Media

This paper presents a study on the use of furnace bottom ash (FBA) as a growth medium in green roof applications. Experimental tests were performed on three different green roof samples, involving FBA as the growth media and three sedum types (kamtchaticum, spurium, sexangulare) matched with it. Theoretical analysis was conducted for modeling the heat transfer through the green roof samples. Temperature readings at the surface center, bottom center, and bottom edge of each sample were recorded for 12 weeks with a data sampling frequency of 15 minutes. The results were compared with roofs without vegetation. These reference roofs are covered with black (EPDM), and white (TPO) roofing membranes. The study showed that green roof samples with FBA yielded better thermal performance compared to conventional roof membranes. However plant survival and coverage could be an issue in green roof systems using FBA if necessary amount of plant maintenance is not performed.