cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subcellular Localization of Dopamine in the Anterior Pituitary Gland of the Rat: Apparent Association of Dopamine with Prolactin Secretory Granules

The subcellular compartmentalization of endogenous dopamine in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat was investigated using continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. When anterior pituitary homogenates were layered on continuous sucrose density gradients (1.0--2.0 M) and centrifuged for 60 min at 40,000 X g, dopamine recovered from the gradients was associated with two sets of subcellular particles. The particles in one set were recovered near the top of the gradient, whereas those in the other set were recovered near the bottom of the gradient in the region where particles containing PRL were also found. In fact, these dense dopamine-containing particles could not be separated from those particles which contained PRL. These findings were suggestive that dopamine and PRL were present in the same particle, viz. the PRL secretory granule. This interpretation was further strengthened when it was established that the PRL-containing granules were separable on the gradient from granules which contained GH, LH, FSH, ACTH, and TSH. When [3H]dopamine was added to the solution in which the anterior lobes were homogenized, no radio-activity was found to be associated with the dense dopamine-containing particles. Also, the addition of a large excess of nonradiolabeled dopamine at the time of homogenization did not influence the amount of dopamine associated with the dense particles. Thus, the apparent association of dopamine with PRL secretory granules was not an artifact of the homogenization process per se. Therefore, it is concluded that an association exists between intracellular dopamine and the PRL secretory granule.
Loss of paired-pulse facilitation at the corticostriatal synapse of the aged rat.

Changes in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis have been proposed to contribute to the aging process. Paired-pulse facilitation, a form of synaptic enhancement that relies upon an accumulation of Ca2+ in the presynaptic terminal, was used to examine the effect of aging at the corticostriatal synapse. Intracellular recordings in striatal neurons from young rats demonstrated a consistent enhancement in the second of two synaptic responses evoked by stimulation of the corpus callosum. In contrast, neurons from aged rats showed a consistent depression of the second synaptic response at identical pairing intervals. These differences were not explained by an age-dependent increase in synaptic depression and demonstrate an alteration in the Ca2+-mediated process of presynaptic facilitation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Identification of the molecular chaperone alpha B-crystallin in demineralized bone powder and osteoblast-like cells.

Abstract Bone is subjected to a variety of physiological, as well as cell-deforming biomechanical stresses, including hydrostatic compression and fluid flow. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that protect bone cells from mechanical, ischemic, or oxidative damage. Crystallins are 20 kD heat shock proteins that function as molecular chaperones. We tested the hypothesis that alpha B-crystallin (αB-crystallin), the most widely expressed vertebrate crystallin, is present in bone and osteoblast-like cells. Noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) were extracted from human demineralized bone matrix with 4 M guanidine HCl containing 0.5 M CaCl 2 and protease inhibitors, defatted, dialyzed against 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100 in 100 mM Tris-HCI (pH 7.2) and water, centrifuged, and lyophilized. The NCPs were separated by 2D IEF/SDS-PAGE. The two most abundant 20 kD spots, with apparent pIs of 7.85 and 7.42 in urea gels, were excised, subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and identified as αB-crystallins. Indirect immunofluorescence localized αB-crystallin to the interphase nucleus, cytoskeleton and cytoplasm of proliferating MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast-like cells, as well as the cytoskeleton and cytoplasm of confluent cells. In conclusion, αB-crystallin is present in bone and osteoblast-like cells. We hypothesize that αB-crystallin may play a role in protecting the osteoblast cytoskeleton from mechanical stress and may be important in modulating nuclear or cellular functions, such as transcription or apoptosis, as observed in other tissues.
An adaptive cache coherence protocol for chip multiprocessors

Multi-core architectures also referred to as Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) have emerged as the dominant architecture for both desktop and high-performance systems. CMPs introduce many challenges that need to be addressed to achieve the best performance. One of the big challenges comes with the shared-memory model observed in such architectures which is the cache coherence overhead problem. Contemporary architectures employ write-invalidate based protocols which are known to generate coherence misses that yield to latency issues. On the other hand, write-update based protocols can solve the coherence misses problem but they tend to generate excessive network traffic which is especially not desirable for CMPs. Previous studies have shown that a single protocol approach is not sufficient for many sharing patterns. As a solution, this paper evaluates an adaptive protocol which targets write-update optimizations for producer-consumer sharing patterns. This work targets a minimalistic hardware extension approach to test the benefits of such adaptive protocols in a practical environment. Experimental study is conducted on a 16-core CMP by using a full-system simulator with selected scientific applications from SPLASH-2 and NAS parallel benchmark suites. Results show up to 40% improvement for coherence misses which corresponds to 15% application speedup.
Effect of acetoxycycloheximide on learning and memory of a light-dark discrimination.

THERE are reasons to believe that memory storage, particularly “long-term” memory storage, is mediated by the synthesis of protein which facilitates synaptic connexions1. We have recently reported studies which show that cerebral protein synthesis may be necessary for “long-term” memory but not for learning or “short-term” memory2. In these studies mice whose cerebral protein synthesis at the time of training had been inhibited about 95 per cent by intracerebral injections of acetoxycycloheximide were found to learn a left–right discrimination in a T maze normally, to remember normally 3 h after training, but to have marked impairment of memory 6 h or more after training. The effect of acetoxycycloheximide on memory 6 h or more after training (“long-term” memory) was marked when training was continued until the mice made three out of four consecutive correct responses, but was not significant when training was continued until the mice made nine out of ten consecutive correct responses. We concluded from these findings that the small amount of intact protein synthesizing capacity might be sufficient to mediate storage of memory if repeated training of a very simple task was given. It therefore seemed worthwhile to determine the effects of acetoxycycloheximide on learning and memory of a more difficult task. This report describes the effects of this drug on learning and memory of a light–dark discrimination in a T maze. We found, as in our studies with the left–right discrimination, that acetoxycycloheximide had no effect on learning or on memory of the correct solution for 3 h after learning, but it did impair memory 6 h or more after learning. With this task the effect of acetoxycycloheximide was striking even when training was continued to a criterion of nine out of ten consecutive correct responses.
A Structural and Functional Role for 11-mer Repeats in α-Synuclein and Other Exchangeable Lipid Binding Proteins

We have used NMR spectroscopy and limited proteolysis to characterize the structural properties of the Parkinson's disease-related protein alpha-synuclein in lipid and detergent micelle environments. We show that the lipid or micelle surface-bound portion of the molecule adopts a continuously helical structure with a single break. Modeling alphaS as an ideal alpha-helix reveals a hydrophobic surface that winds around the helix axis in a right-handed fashion. This feature is typical of 11-mer repeat containing sequences that adopt right-handed coiled coil conformations. In order to bind a flat or convex lipid surface, however, an unbroken helical alphaS structure would need to adopt an unusual, slightly unwound, alpha11/3 helix conformation (three complete turns per 11 residues). The break we observe in the alphaS helix may allow the protein to avoid this unusual conformation by adopting two shorter stretches of typical alpha-helical structure. However, a quantitative analysis suggests the possibility that the alpha11/3 conformation may in fact exist in lipid-bound alphaS. We discuss how structural features of helical 11-mer repeats could play a role in the reversible lipid binding function of alpha-synuclein and generalize this argument to include the 11-mer repeat-containing apolipoproteins, which also require the ability to release readily from lipid surfaces. A search of protein sequence databases confirms that synuclein-like 11-mer repeats are present in other proteins that bind lipids reversibly and predicts such a role for a number of hypothetical proteins of unknown function.
Trichophyton rubrum infections according to age, anatomical distribution and sex

Trichophyton rubrum caused 72.9% of the cases of dermatophytosis observed in a sample of caucasoids from Philadelphia. Tinea pedis was found in 84% of the female and male patients with dermatophytosis. Tinea manuum occurred with equal frequency in both sexes whereas tinea unguium was more prevalent in females. Tinea cruris occurred almost exclusively in males. Infections of two or more anatomical sites were observed more frequently in males. The data are compared with those reported by Rosman (1966) from a similar study done in Copenhagen.
Neonatal resuscitation: toward improved performance

Background: As part of a continuous quality assurance process which we instituted in 1999, we review videotapes of selected high-risk deliveries at our hospital. We utilized our reviews to evaluate the occurrence of errors, and to evaluate team and leader functions during neonatal resuscitation. Methods: We established accepted behavior for members of resuscitation teams and the team leader. The actual conduct of the resuscitation was judged against the standard of the guidelines of the Neonatal Resuscitations Program of the American Heart Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The videotapes of resuscitations were reviewed, and significant deviations from accepted practices were noted, and discussed by a specifically developed quality assurance committee, including, whenever possible, the actual resuscitators. Results: We were able to detect a number of problems, which included inappropriate leader and team member activities, inappropriate preparation, communication, and coordination, and made a number of changes to our practice. Conclusions: We believe that neonatal resuscitation may be improved by the provision of teaching about team and leader functions, encouraging debriefing following complicated resuscitations, developing a minimal form to be completed for any patient requiring compressions or epinephrine within the delivery room, and providing more direct observations regarding the actual conduct of resuscitation.
Repeated episodes of ozone inhalation amplifies the effects of allergen sensitization and inhalation on airway immune and structural development in Rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Twenty-four infant rhesus monkeys (30 days old) were exposed to 11 episodes of filtered air (FA), house dust mite allergen aerosol (HDMA), ozone (O 3 ), or HDMA + O 3 (5 days each followed by 9 days of FA). Ozone was delivered for 8 h/day at 0.5 ppm. Twelve of the monkeys were sensitized to house dust mite allergen ( Dermatophagoides farinae ) at ages 14 and 28 days by subcutaneous inoculation (SQ) of HDMA in alum and intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed Bordetella pertussis cells. Sensitized monkeys were exposed to HDMA aerosol for 2 h/day on days 3–5 of either FA ( n = 6) or O 3 ( n = 6) exposure. Nonsensitized monkeys were exposed to either FA ( n = 6) or O 3 ( n = 6). During the exposure regimen, parameters of allergy (i.e., serum IgE, histamine, and eosinophilia), airways resistance, reactivity, and structural remodeling were evaluated. Eleven repeated 5-day cycles of inhaling 0.5 ppm ozone over a 6-month period had only mild effects on the airways of nonsensitized infant rhesus monkeys. Similarly, the repeated inhalation of HDMA by HDMA-sensitized infant monkeys resulted in only mild airway effects, with the exception of a marked increase in proximal airway and terminal bronchiole content of eosinophils. In contrast, the combined cyclic inhalation of ozone and HDMA by HDMA sensitized infants monkeys resulted in a marked increase in serum IgE, serum histamine, and airways eosinophilia. Furthermore, combined cyclic inhalation of ozone and HDMA resulted in even greater alterations in airway structure and content that were associated with a significant elevation in baseline airways resistance and reactivity. These results suggest that ozone can amplify the allergic and structural remodeling effects of HDMA sensitization and inhalation.
Adenosine deaminase activity in livers of congenitally athymic nude mice

Une forme de maladie humaine d'immunoinsuffisance grave combinee est associee a une insuffisance d'adenosine-deaminase dans les cellules de lymphe et dans d'autres tissus comprenant le foie, la rate et les erythrocytes des cultures de fibroblastes de la peau. Un modele animal d'immuno-insuffisance combinee a ete recememt cree dans une race de souris sans poils. Nous avons montre que chez ces souris immunologiquement deficientes l'activite de l'adenosine-deaminase est normale.
Pulmonary embolism after cardiac surgery

Abstract Objectives. We examined the incidence of pulmonary embolism after cardiac surgery. Background. Because venous thromboembolism is considered to be an uncommon complication after cardiac surgery, its incidence was documented in a consecutive series of 1,033 patients who underwent cardiac surgery over a 5-year period. Methods. Parallel cohorts of patients in a tertiary referral center were evaluated and the incidence of pulmonary embolism was compared in subgroups of patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, valve surgery and combined procedures. Results. Pulmonary embolism developed in 33 (3.2%) of the 1,033 cardiac surgical patients, within 2 weeks of a coronary bypass operation in most; it did not develop in any patient who had isolated valve replacement surgery (p Conclusions. Although pulmonary embolism is rare after isolated valve replacement, it is not an uncommon complication after coronary bypass surgery.
Digital three‐dimensional modelling of the male pelvis and bicycle seats: impact of rider position and seat design on potential penile hypoxia and erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVE To digitally model (three-dimensional, 3D) the course of the pudendal arteries relative to the bony pelvis in the adult male, and to identify sites of compression with different bicycle riding positions as a potential cause of penile hypoxia and erectile dysfunction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 3D models were made from computed tomography scans of one adult male pelvis (a healthy volunteer) and three bicycle seats. Models were correlated with lateral radiographs of a seated rider to determine potential vascular compression between the bony pelvis and seats at different angles of rider positioning. RESULTS Pelvis/seat models suggest that the most likely site of compression of the internal pudendal artery is immediately below the pubic symphysis, especially with the rider leaning forward. For an upright rider, the internal pudendal arteries do not appear to be compressed between the seat and the bony pelvis. Leaning partly forward with arms extended, the seat/symphysis areas were reduced to 73 mm2 with standard seat and 259 mm2 with a grooved seat. Leaning fully forward, the seat/symphysis areas decreased (no space with standard seat; 51 mm2 with a grooved seat) and both the ischial tuberosities and the pubic symphysis might be in contact with the seat. CONCLUSION A grooved seat allows better preservation of the seat/symphysis space than a standard seat, but the rider’s position is more important for preserving the seat-symphysis space (and reducing compression) than is seat design alone. Any factors which influence the seat-symphysis space (including an individual’s anatomy, seat design and rider position) can increase the potential for penile hypoxia and erectile dysfunction/perineal numbness.
Dominant-negative Inhibitors of the Clostridium perfringens ϵ-Toxin

The Clostridium perfringens ϵ-toxin is responsible for a severe, often lethal intoxication. In this study, we characterized dominant-negative inhibitors of the ϵ-toxin. Site-specific mutations were introduced into the gene encoding ϵ-toxin, and recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. Paired cysteine substitutions were introduced at locations predicted to form a disulfide bond. One cysteine in each mutant was introduced into the membrane insertion domain of the toxin; the second cysteine was introduced into the protein backbone. Mutant proteins with cysteine substitutions at amino acid positions I51/A114 and at V56/F118 lacked detectable cytotoxic activity in a MDCK cell assay. Cytotoxic activity could be reconstituted in both mutant proteins by incubation with dithiothreitol, indicating that the lack of cytotoxic activity was attributable to the formation of a disulfide bond. Fluorescent labeling of the cysteines also indicated that the introduced cysteines participated in a disulfide bond. When equimolar mixtures of wild-type ϵ-toxin and mutant proteins were added to MDCK cells, the I51C/A114C and V56C/F118C mutant proteins each inhibited the activity of wild-type ϵ-toxin. Further analysis of the inhibitory activity of the I51C/A114C and V56C/F118C mutant proteins indicated that these proteins inhibit the ability of the active toxin to form stable oligomeric complexes in the context of MDCK cells. These results provide further insight into the properties of dominant-negative inhibitors of oligomeric pore-forming toxins and provide the basis for developing new therapeutics for treating intoxication by ϵ-toxin.
New contralateral vesicoureteral reflux following dextranomer/hyaluronic Acid implantation: incidence and identification of a high risk group.

Purpose: To our knowledge the incidence of NCVUR following the endoscopic treatment of VUR with Dx/HA has not been reported previously. We evaluated the outcomes in a group of patients to determine the incidence, and to attempt to identify risk factors.Materials and Methods: A total of 126 children with primary unilateral VUR underwent unilateral Dx/HA implantation at our institutions. The incidence of NCVUR was determined by postoperative VCUG. Indications for surgery, patient age and gender, preoperative grade of VUR and volume of Dx/HA injected were assessed as possible risk factors for NCVUR.Results: Of the patients 96 (76.2%) were female, and mean age was 4.8 years. The principal indications for Dx/HA implantation were persistent reflux in 56 patients (44.4%) and primary therapy in 51 (40.5%). At followup VCUG 17 patients (13.5%) had NCVUR. No variable independently appeared to influence the incidence of NCVUR. Statistical analysis suggests that females younger than 5 years have an increased incidenc...
Chronic administration of flumazenil increases life span and protects rats from age-related loss of cognitive functions: a benzodiazepine/GABAergic hypothesis of brain aging.

Under barrier condition and with ad lib access to food and water, 20 Fischer-344 rats were chronically treated for 10 months with the benzodiazepine (BDZ) antagonist, flumazenil (FL; 4 mg/kg/day in drinking water acidified to pH = 3.0), beginning at the age of 13 months, while the group of 20 control age-matched rats received plain acidified water. The life span of the first 8 deceased rats treated with FL was significantly longer than that of the first 8 deceased rats in the age-matched control group. In tests for spontaneous ambulation and exploratory behavior in the Holeboard apparatus, conducted during the 3rd and the 8th month of treatment, the FL group, relative to controls, had significantly higher scores for the ambulation and exploratory behavior. In tests for unrewarded spontaneous alternation in the T maze, conducted at days 7, 39, 42, and 47 through 54 after drug withdrawal, i.e., at the age of 24-25 months, the FL-exposed group, compared to age-matched controls, showed a significantly higher percent of alternating choices, a behavior that was statistically comparable to that of the "young" 6-month-old controls. In the Radial Maze tests conducted 2 months after drug withdrawal, the FL group made significantly less "working memory" errors and "reference memory" errors, relative to the age-matched 25-month-old control group, a performance that was comparable to that of the young 7-month-old control group. In conclusion, chronic FL significantly protected rats from age-related loss of cognitive functions. It is postulated that the age-related alterations in brain function may be attributable to the negative metabolic/trophic influences of the "endogenous" benzodiazepine (BDZ) ligands and/or those ingested with food. A BDZ/GABAergic hypothesis of brain aging has been formulated which assumes that age-related and abnormally strong BDZ/GABAergic influences promote neurodegeneration by suppressing trophic functions of the aminergic and peptidergic neurons through opening of chloride channels in soma membrane and axon terminals, causing excessive hyperpolarizing and depolarizing inhibition, respectively. The review of human clinical and animal data indicates that FL has nootropic actions by enhancing vigilance cognitive and habituation processes.
Arrestin can Bind to a Single G-Protein Coupled Receptor

Termination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling typically involves phosphorylation of the receptor, followed by binding of a protein called arrestin. Here we tested the minimal stoichiometry required for this interaction, by determining if a single rhodopsin molecule can bind arrestin. To do this, we prepared nanoscale phospholipids particles, so-called nanodiscs, which contain only monomeric rhodopsin and measured their ability to bind visual arrestin. Our data clearly show that visual arrestin can bind to monomeric phosphorylated rhodopsin to stabilize its active form, called metarhodopsin II. Interestingly, we find beta-arrestin can also bind to monomeric rhodopsin in nanodiscs and stabilize metarhodopsin II. Together, these results suggest that in general, the minimal unit for arrestin binding is a monomeric GPCR.
Shear-Enhanced Crystallization in Isotactic Polypropylene. 1. Correspondence between in Situ Rheo-Optics and ex Situ Structure Determination

The effects of “short term shearing” on the subsequent crystallization of a polydisperse Ziegler−Natta isotactic polypropylene are observed using in situ optical measurements and ex situ microscopy. Imposition of brief intervals of shear (0.25−20 s, less than a thousandth of the quiescent crystallization time) can reduce the crystallization time by 2 orders of magnitude (e.g., at 141 °C with a wall shear stress of 0.06 MPa). With increasing shearing time, the crystallization time saturates and highly anisotropic growth ensues. This transition to oriented growth correlates with changes in the transient behavior during flow and the semicrystalline morphology observed ex situ. During flow, we observe the generation of long-lived, highly oriented structures (evident in the transient birefringence) under all conditions that induce subsequent growth of highly oriented crystallites. In turn, the development of oriented crystallites observed in situ after cessation of flow correlates with development of a “skin-core” morphology (highly oriented skin on a spherulitic core) observed ex situ. Interestingly, the long-lived structures generated during flow appear at shorter times with increasing temperature (at fixed shear stress), the opposite of the trend one would expect on the basis of the temperature dependence of quiescent crystallization.
All-optical coherent stopping, storage, and time-reversal of light

We show that the use of tunable photonic structures opens up unprecedented possibilities in information processing. In particular, we introduce an all-optical adiabatic bandwidth compression and frequency conversion process that overcomes the classical bandwidth-delay constraint in optics. This process requires only very small index modulations (δn/n<10 -4 ) performed at moderate speeds, and yet can alter the spectrum of a photon almost at will. As examples of this process, we show how light pulses can be stopped and stored all-optically in multitude of systems without using any resonant or coherent electronic interactions. We also show how light pulses can be time-reversed using only linear optical elements and modulators. Such systems open up new opportunities in both fundamental sciences and technological applications.
Evaluation of 2′-Deoxy-2′-flouro-5-methyl-1-β-d-arabinofuranosyluracil as a potential gene imaging agent for HSV-tk expression in vivo

2'-Deoxy-2'-flouro-5-methyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (FMAU) has been evaluated in HT-29 cells as a potential positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for imaging HSV-tk gene expression in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the accumulation of [14C]-FMAU in HSV-tk-expressing cells is 2.4-fold (p < .02), 4.0-fold (p < .001), and 5.3-fold (p < .001) higher than the wild-type cells at 1, 3, and 5 hr, respectively. In vivo studies revealed that the tumor uptake in HSV-tk-expressing cells was 2.3-fold (p < .001), 3.0-fold (p < .001), and 5.5-fold (p < .001) higher than the control cells at 1, 2, and 5 hr, respectively. FMAU was found to be more sensitive compared to our earlier studies using 9-[(3-18F-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]-guanine ([18F]-FHPG) and 9-(4-[18F]-fluoro-3-hydroxy-methylbutyl)guanine ([18F]-FHBG) in the same cell lines, although, the specificity was less than FHBG. These results suggest that while FMAU labeled with PET isotopes may be useful for imaging HSV-tk-expressing tumors in vivo, multitracer studies across additional tumor models are necessary in order to identify an optimal PET radiotracer.
Structure of Random Porous Materials: Silica Aerogel

Using small-angle x-ray scattering, we show that porous silica aerogel has a fractal backbone structure. The observed structure is traced to the underlying chemical (polymerization) and physical (colloid aggregation) growth processes. Comparison of scattering curves for aerogel with silica aggregates confirms this interpretation.
RECOMBINANT NhSAG1 ELISA: A SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC ASSAY FOR DETECTING ANTIBODIES AGAINST NEOSPORA HUGHESI IN EQUINE SERUM

Neospora hughesi is a recently identified cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. However, the significance of this parasite is poorly understood. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a recombinant form of the N. hughesi 29-kDa surface antigen (rNhSAG1) was developed for serodiagnosis of equine N. hughesi infections. Parallel ELISA analysis showed that animals immunized or infected with N. hughesi exhibited greater antibody reactivity with rNhSAG1 than with the Neospora caninum homolog, rNcSAG1. The rNhSAG1 ELISA showed 94.4% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity when compared with N. hughesi western blot results for 1,006 samples. The N. hughesi seroprevalence was 3.4% for the 1,917 samples tested by ELISA, which is less than earlier reports. Importantly, western blot analysis of ELISA-positive sera revealed only 18 true seropositive samples for an even lower seroprevalence of 0.9%. These results imply that Neospora spp. infections are uncommon in horses. The sensitivity and specificity exhibited by the rNhSAG1 ELISA suggest that it has a potential use for serodiagnosis of N. hughesi infection in equids. Furthermore, the high-throughput capability of the ELISA will allow for screening large sample sets, which should provide a better understanding of N. hughesi epidemiology.
Frequency Offset Estimation in 3G LTE

3G Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology aims at addressing the increasing demand for mobile multimedia services in high user density areas while maintaining good performance in extreme channel conditions such as high mobility of High Speed Trains. This paper focuses on the latter aspect and compares different algorithms for the uplink frequency offset estimation in LTE Base Stations (eNodeB). A frequency-domain maximum-likelihood based solution is proposed, taking profit of the available interference-free OFDM symbols de-mapped (or de-multiplexed) at the output of the FFT of an OFDMA multi-user receiver. It is shown to outperform the state-of-the-art CP correlation approach on both link-level performance and complexity aspects.
Gene therapy for the treatment of chronic peripheral nervous system pain.

Abstract Chronic pain is a major health concern affecting 80 million Americans at some time in their lives with significant associated morbidity and effects on individual quality of life. Chronic pain can result from a variety of inflammatory and nerve damaging events that include cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune-related syndromes and surgery. Current pharmacotherapies have not provided an effective long-term solution as they are limited by drug tolerance and potential abuse. These concerns have led to the development and testing of gene therapy approaches to treat chronic pain. The potential efficacy of gene therapy for pain has been reported in numerous pre-clinical studies that demonstrate pain control at the level of the spinal cord. This promise has been recently supported by a Phase-I human trial in which a replication-defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector was used to deliver the human pre-proenkephalin (hPPE) gene, encoding the natural opioid peptides met- and leu-enkephalin (ENK), to cancer patients with intractable pain resulting from bone metastases (Fink et al., 2011). The study showed that the therapy was well tolerated and that patients receiving the higher doses of therapeutic vector experienced a substantial reduction in their overall pain scores for up to a month post vector injection. These exciting early clinical results await further patient testing to demonstrate treatment efficacy and will likely pave the way for other gene therapies to treat chronic pain.
Hindered rotational energy levels of solid CD4 (III)

Abstract The hindered rotational energy levels of CD 4 in its low temperature phase have been computed by assuming that the hamiltonian describing the motion of the CD 4 molecules is invariant under the direct product group T × T. By analyzing the heat capacity of CD 4 (III) the torsional frequency was found to be 49 cm −1 and the barrier to rotation was estimated to be between 350 and 390 calories.
Sums over numbers with restricted prime factors

Abstract For k a non-negative integer, let P k ( n ) denote the k th largest prime factor of n where P 0 ( n ) = +∞ and if the number of prime factors of n is less than k , then P k ( n ) = 1. We shall study the asymptotic behavior of the sum Ψ k ( x , y ; g ) = Σ 1 ≤ n ≤ x , P k ( n ) ≤ y g ( n ), where g ( n ) is an arithmetic function satisfying certain general conditions regarding its behavior on primes. The special case where g ( n ) = μ ( n ), the Mobius function, is discussed as an application.
The spatial distribution of UV-absorbing regions on Triton

Abstract Using mosaic maps of Triton's surface made with images taken through the Voyager 2 UV and Clear filters, we have sought to: (1) distinguish between surface units containing UV-absorbing (UVA) materials and fresh volatile frosts; (2) place any such identified regions into a geological context; (3) suggest possible candidate materials for the UVAs; and (4) to interpret these regions in terms of seasonal volatile transport scenarios. In pursuit of these goals, we have identified both a region possibly containing involatile UVA materials and an adjoining region possibly covered by uncontaminated, fresh frosts. The UVA region correlates well with a distinct geological unit on Triton containing maculae and wind streaks. The location of these two regions suggests that they might be linked through the dynamical transport of volatiles between them. Hydrocarbon deposits may explain the UVA region. However, they cannot be ruled out in regions darker than average in the Clear filter. Also, we cannot rule out other UVA materials as a visible component of the UVA region, such as salts or sulfur-bearing compounds, but note that such material has not yet been detected and may be largely obscured by hydrocarbon deposits. Recent images of Triton taken by us with the post-COSTAR HST FOC in bandpasses centered near 4100 and 2780 A will be analyzed to provide further information on the possible UVA and adjoining fresh frost regions. With resolution elements of ⋍400–700 km (depending on wavelength) at Triton's distance, the FOC images will provide the first mapping of these regions in the mid-UV (2780 A). This wavelength corresponds to the extreme of the broad-band absorption feature seen in Triton's UV spectrum (Stern et al., 1995), suggesting that the contrast between the UVA region and frost regions may be enhanced in the HST images.
Self-Knowledge and Phenomenal Unity

How do you know what you’re currently experiencing? How do you know that you feel pain when you do, or that something looks purple or round to you when it does? The question needs interpretation—but it is intelligible. And apparently, it’s not inconsequential: knowledge of one’s own experience seems to play an important and pervasive part in knowledge of the natural world, as well as in personal life, and clarity about what has been called “introspection” seems crucial to a sound methodology in studies of the mind generally. I would like to propose a way of understanding this question about self-knowledge and to develop an answer that makes central the notion that phenomenally conscious experience is unified. We need first to recognize that the way in which we each know our own experience differs from the way in which we know others’. This is not to say that one discovers what kind of experience one has by means of some peculiar procedure. The point is rather: the warrant one has for first-person judgments about experience commonly differs in kind from that had for thirdperson judgments about experience. To justify this we need make no assumption about the nature of this distinctive first-person warrant. And we need not claim for so-called “introspection” some special “privilege” such as infallibility, indubitability, or incorrigibility. We need only reflect on this. Often we would take ourselves to know what we experience in circumstances where, assuming that we do know, and that we have warrant for believing what we know about ourselves, it follows that the kind of warrant we have differs from the kind another person would ordinarily need, in order to know the same about us. This will be so, in those ~very common! cases where what another would need to observe to acquire such knowledge is simply not there to be observed at the time. So I may be sufferNOUS 35:4 ~2001! 542–568
Analytical Results for a BVP Describing Radial Stagnation Flow with Transpiration

Abstract We investigate the boundary value problem (BVP) resulting from an exact reduction of the Navier–Stokes equations for radial stagnation flow impinging on a porous cylinder with uniform transpiration. Existence of a solution is proven for all values of the Reynolds number and for both suction and blowing. The results are obtained using a topological shooting argument which varies a parameter related to the axial shear stress. This formulation permits a derivation of useful bounds on the axial shear stress in a straightforward manner. For a certain parameter range, uniqueness results are also obtained.
Tunable thermoelectric transport in nanomeshes via elastic strain engineering

Recent experimental explorations of silicon nanomeshes have shown that the unique metastructures exhibit reduced thermal conductivity while preserving bulk electrical conductivity via feature sizes between relevant phonon and electron mean free paths, aiding in the continued promise that nanometer-scale engineering may further enhance thermoelectric behavior. Here, we introduce a strategy for tuning thermoelectric transport phenomena in semiconductor nanomeshes via heterogeneous elastic strain engineering, using silicon as a model material for demonstration of the concept. By combining analytical models for electron mobility in uniformly stressed silicon with finite element analysis of strained silicon nanomeshes in a lumped physical model, we show that the nonuniform and multiaxial strain fields defined by the nanomesh geometry give rise to spatially varying band shifts and warping, which in aggregate accelerate electron transport along directions of applied stress. This allows for global electrical conductivity and Seebeck enhancements beyond those of homogenous samples under equivalent far-field stresses, ultimately increasing thermoelectric power factor nearly 50% over unstrained samples. The proposed concept and structures—generic to a wide class of materials with large dynamic ranges of elastic strain in nanoscale volumes—may enable a new pathway for active and tunable control of transport properties relevant to waste heat scavenging and thermal management.
An ATM/Chk2-mediated DNA damage responsive signaling pathway suppresses Epstein-Barr virus transformation of primary human B cells

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of primary B cells leads to the outgrowth of indefinitely proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). However, the efficiency of immortalization is less than 10% of infected cells. We hypothesize that a robust innate tumor suppressor response prevents long-term outgrowth of the majority of infected cells. In this study we identify the DNA damage response (DDR) as a major component of this response. EBV infection of primary B cells activated hallmarks of the DDR including phosphorylated ATM, Chk2, g-H2AX, and 53BP1 foci. DDR activation was not due to lytic viral DNA replication nor did its marks co-localize with latent viral episomes. Rather, EBV induced a period of hyper-proliferation early after infection responsible for DDR activation. Microarray data supported the transient activation and subsequent attenuation of proliferation and DDR-associated mRNAs during LCL outgrowth. Importantly, activation of this pathway suppressed transformation as small molecule antagonism of the DNA damage responsive kinases ATM and Chk2 increased EBV transformation efficiency. Thus, we propose a model whereby EBV infection initially drives aberrant cellular DNA replication activating an anti-proliferative DNA damage response. Long-term outgrowth depends on attenuation of this hyper-proliferative signal through full latency III gene expression.
The Effects of Value Ratio Shifts on Item Processing in a Visual Search Task.

(1971). The Effects of Value Ratio Shifts on Item Processing in a Visual Search Task. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 291-302.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF RADIATION-INDUCED HELA GIANT CELLS

An electron microscope study of X-ray produced giant Hela cells is described. The results extend earlier light microscope observations to the sub-microscopic region where clear differences from normal structures are apparent. Of particular interest are intra nuclear inclusions, nucleolar fragments, membrane abnormalities and possible mitochondrial changes.
Quantitative Analyses of Observing and Attending

We review recent experiments examining whether simple models of the allocation and persistence of operant behavior are applicable to attending. In one series of experiments, observing responses of pigeons were used as an analog of attending. Maintenance of observing is often attributed to the conditioned reinforcing effects of a food-correlated stimulus (i.e., S+), so these experiments also may inform our understanding of conditioned reinforcement. Rates and allocations of observing were governed by rates of food or S+ delivery in a manner consistent with the matching law. Resistance to change of observing was well described by behavioral momentum theory only when rates of primary reinforcement in the context were considered. Rate and value of S+ deliveries did not affect resistance to change. Thus, persistence of attending to stimuli appears to be governed by primary reinforcement rates in the training context rather than conditioned reinforcing effects of the stimuli. An additional implication of these findings is that conditioned “reinforcers” may affect response rates through some mechanism other than response-strengthening. In a second series of experiments, we examined the applicability of the matching law to the allocation of attending to the elements of compound stimuli in a divided-attention task. The generalized matching law described performance well, and sensitivity to relative reinforcement varied with sample duration. The bias and sensitivity terms of the generalized matching law may provide measures of stimulus-driven and goal-driven control of divided attention. Further application of theories of operant behavior to performance on attention tasks may provide insights into what is referred to variously as endogenous, top-down, or goal-directed control of attention.
Synthesis and Characterization of Osmium Nitrosyl Porphyrins Containing Organo, Halogeno, and μ-Oxo Ligands, and Extensions to the First Organometallic Thionitrosyl Porphyrin

The sequential reaction of (OEP)Os(CO) with NOPF6 (in CH2Cl2) followed by RMgX (in THF) gives variable isolated yields of the new (OEP)Os(NO)R (5−44%), (OEP)Os(R)2 (1−10%), (OEP)Os(NO)X (14−19%), and [(OEP)Os(NO)]2(μ-O) (up to 24%) compounds, depending on the reaction conditions and the nature of R and X (OEP = octaethylporphyrinato dianion; R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu, p-C6H4F; X = Cl, Br). The IR υNO values of the complexes (in CH2Cl2) decrease in the order (OEP)Os(NO)X (1799−1795 cm-1) > [(OEP)Os(NO)]2(μ-O) (1770 cm-1) > (OEP)Os(NO)R (1748−1703 cm-1). The δmeso peaks in the 1H NMR spectra of the (OEP)Os complexes (in CDCl3) also decrease in the order (OEP)Os(NO)X (10.41−10.40 ppm) > [(OEP)Os(NO)]2(μ-O) (10.35 ppm) > (OEP)Os(NO)R (10.24−10.21 ppm) > (OEP)Os(R)2 (9.71−9.03 ppm). The thionitrosyl (OEP)Os(NS)Cl and (OEP)Os(NS)Me compounds have also been prepared. The solid-state molecular structures of [(OEP)Os(NO)]2(μ-O), (OEP)Os(NS)Cl, and (OEP)Os(NS)Me have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Shock-wave-induced degradation of superconductivity and localized lattice deffects in explosively fabricated YBa2Cu3O7

Abstract X-ray diffraction studies for explosively fabricated YBa2Cu3O7 at pressures ranging from 4 to 19 GPa show characteristic orthorhombic split peaks at 2 θ ≅ 32° and 58° to be altered systematically with increasing pressure, and the midpoint values, R(T c ) R 0 = 1 2 , of the resistance-temperature curves decrease with increasing pressure, indicating a broadening of the superconducting transition. Moreover, the Tc onset (at 91K) does not charge between 4 and 8 GPa peak pressure in contrast to R-T curves corresponding to oxygen loss. No oxygen loss has been measured up to peak pressures of 13 GPa. To achieve full recovery (and a sharp transition) in these materials, post-fabrication oxygen processing at temperatures in excess of 900°C is required and is believed to be due to a unique localized lattice defect formed during fabrication. This defect has been observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and has been presumably created by some form of defect clustering or “precipitation” in the shock front.
The Galileo Orbiter: command and telemetry subsystems on their way to Jupiter

An overview is given of the Galileo system, which exemplifies the rigid, time-synchronized systems required by TDM (time division multiplexing). The spacecraft clock is examined, along with some of the rationale for the development of the clock structure and timing to give a sense of the design imperatives for rigidly synchronized systems. Additional subjects include the structure of the science and engineering frames, emphasizing the subcommutated structure of the engineering frame and its relationship to the spacecraft clock; ground processing for and basic uses of the telemetry; the various message types used to transmit commands to the spacecraft; and the generation processes for the command message types. >
Health-Specific Moral Hazard Effects

In this paper I examine the effect of insurance on the demand for health care among consumers of similar health, which I call the health-specific moral hazard effect. Using the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, I analyze the variation in the moral hazard effect across health subpopulations in the demand for inpatient and outpatient services. The endogeneity of insurance, the change of insurance regime, and the discreteness and the nonnegativity of the use of health care motivate the use of an endogenous switching model for count data. The econometric results indicate that the moral hazard effect for physician visits is higher at relatively higher levels of health, whereas the effect for both hospital nights and hospital admissions is lower at relatively higher levels of health. The evidence suggests that both efficient and inefficient moral hazard may exist, and this may depend on the type of health care service used.
Lipid Transfer Inhibitor Protein Activity Deficiency in Normolipidemic Uremic Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Abstract We previously demonstrated that lipid transfer inhibitor protein (LTIP) is a potent modifier of lipid transfer protein (LTP) function in vitro. Based on these studies, we proposed that LTIP activity is an important determinant of lipoprotein size and composition, which leads to a stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport. To further evaluate this hypothesis, we have studied a normolipidemic, uremic patient population undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) that is deficient in LTIP activity ( 2b . In CAPD patients, the plasma cholesterol esterification rate was only 61% of control; this decrease was due mainly to the poor reactivity of CAPD lipoproteins. CAPD lipoprotein-deficient plasma promoted twofold greater transfer of radiolabeled cholesteryl ester (CE) between standard lipoproteins than control, although LTP itself was increased only 39%. This twofold increase was not equally expressed among individual lipoprotein classes; CE transfers involving LDL were increased 2.4-fold, whereas those not involving LDL were increased only 50%. In whole plasma, CE net mass transfer to VLDL was slightly increased in CAPD plasma; relative to their CE content, control HDL contributed twofold more CE mass to VLDL than control LDL, but in CAPD plasma this preferential transfer of CE from HDL was absent. Collectively, the aberrations in CAPD lipoprotein composition and metabolism are consistent with the hypothesized role of LTIP. The data further support the role of LTIP in modulating the participation of HDL in CE mass transfers to VLDL. This is the first report of LTIP activity deficiency in humans.
Unconditional Stability Domains of Structural Control Systems Using Dual ACTUATOR-SENSOR Pairs

A revised set of numerical results for unconditional stability domains in the parameter space of a SISO feedback control of a one dimensional structure has been presented. A physically dual actuator sensor pair is considered in the study