cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU(2) vortex configuration in Laplacian center gauge

Abstract We study how Laplacian center gauge identifies the vortex content of a thick SU(2) vortex configuration on the lattice. This configuration is a solution of the Yang–Mills classical equations of motion having vortex properties. We find that this gauge fixing procedure cleanly identifies the underlying vortex properties. We also study the monopole content of this configuration detected with this procedure. We obtain two monopole curves lying on the surface of the vortex.
Melt Processing and Properties of Barium‐Sialon Glasses

Bulk oxynitride glasses in the system Ba-Sialon were prepared by cooling homogenized melts from ∼1740°C at ∼50°C/min. The microchemistry, microstructure, and properties of these materials were studied by DTA, dilatometry, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Up to ∼7 at.% nitrogen was retained in the glasses by the conventional glass-processing techniques used. Microscopically homogeneous glasses were obtained despite macroscopic segregation of millimeter-sized metallic spheres consisting of Si and Fe. Incorporation of nitrogen in the glass network led to decreasing thermal expansion coefficients, higher glass-transition temperatures, and greater values of indentation hardness with increasing nitrogen content.
The gap symmetry in the Hubbard model

Abstract The gap symmetry for both the attractive (U 0) Hubbard models has been studied. The gap symmetry in both singlet and triplet channels as well as in charge and spin channels is considered. It is shown that the gap for the attractive Hubbard model exists in the spin channel only, and has s-wave symmetry (l = 0, where l is the orbital momentum) for the spin-triplet state of p-wave symmetry (l = 1) for the spin-singlet state with j = s + l = 1, the total spin and orbital quantum number of a pair. The attractive Hubbard model describes superfluidity in the spin-channel and is an adequate model for liquid 3 He as shown. However, for the repulsive Hubbard model the gap exists in the charge channel only and has s-wave (l = 0) or d-wave (l = 2) symmetry for the spin-angle state. The repulsive Hubbard model describes superconductivity in the charge channel. It is also shown that in the 2D case the strongly anisotropic s-wave gap has nodes in the direction of the nesting wave vector resembling the d x − y 2 -wave symmetry.
Stability of singular spectral types under decaying perturbations

We look at invariance of a.e. boundary condition spectral behavior under perturbations, W, of half-line, continuum or discrete Schrodinger operators. We extend the results of del Rio, Simon, Stolz from compactly supported W's to suitable short-range W. We also discuss invariance of the local Hausdorff dimension of spectral measures under such perturbations.
The esophageal temperature gradient in anesthetized children.

Objective. Our objective was to study the effect of the temperature of the anesthetic gas mixture (AGM) on esophageal temperature measurements made in children whose tracheas had been intubated for anesthesia. We also sought to establish the optimal site for the temperature sensor in the esophagus and to find a way to accurately place the sensor.Methods. Special esophageal temperature probes with thermistors located at 1-cm intervals were used for data collection on a multiplex system. Esophageal temperature measurements were made every 15 minutes for a period of 120 minutes in anesthetized children receiving heated (n=30) and unheated (n=30) anesthetic gases.Results. The temperature of the AGM (p<0.001), the site of measurement (p<0.001), and the interaction between AGM temperature and site of measurement (p<0.007) all had a significant effect on esophageal temperature measurements. This effect was greatest at a point 3 cm distal to the level of the tip of the endotracheal tube when AGMs were not heated.Conclusion. We conclude that best results are obtained when care is taken to place the thermistor in the lower quarter of the esophagus. (We provide a simple formula for calculating this placement in pediatric patients of varying ages.) Placing the probe by acoustic criteria cannot consistently be relied on to provide good thermometry.
The synthesis of the Zaragozic acids: Equilibrium control of stereochemistry in the dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core

Abstract The synthesis of the core of zaragozic acid Bx3 and a general strategy for the synthesis of the dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core of the zaragozic acids is described.
Intramolecular (4+2)-cycloaddition reactions of cyclic 2-thiomethyl-5-amidofurans †

Abstract Cyclic 2-thiomethyl-5-amidofurans possessing tethered π-bonds were prepared by a dimethyl(methyl-thio) sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMTSF) induced cyclization of various amido dithioacetals. Upon heating, these systems undergo an intramolecular 4+2-cycloaddition reaction. The initially formed Diels–Alder cycloadduct further rearranges by ring opening of the oxygen bridge followed by a subsequent 1,2-thiomethyl shift.
A reflection on the structure and process of the Web of Data

The Web community has introduced a set of standards and technologies for representing, querying, and manipulating a globally distributed data structure known as the Web of Data. The proponents of the Web of Data envision much of the world's data being interrelated and openly accessible to the general public. This vision is analogous in many ways to the Web of Documents of common knowledge, but instead of making documents and media openly accessible, the focus is on making data openly accessible. In providing data for public use, there has been a stimulated interest in a movement dubbed Open Data. Open Data is analogous in many ways to the Open Source movement. However, instead of focusing on software, Open Data is focused on the legal and licensing issues around publicly exposed data. Together, various technological and legal tools are laying the groundwork for the future of global-scale data management on the Web. As of today, in its early form, the Web of Data hosts a variety of data sets that include encyclopedic facts, drug and protein data, metadata on music, books and scholarly articles, social network representations, geospatial information, and many other types of information. The size and diversity of the Web of Data is a demonstration of the flexibility of the underlying standards and the overall feasibility of the project as a whole. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the technological underpinnings of the Web of Data as well as some of the hurdles that need to be overcome if the Web of Data is to emerge as the defacto medium for data representation, distribution, and ultimately, processing.
Consistent and Covariant Anomalies in Gauge and Gravitational Theories

Abstract The gauge structure of anomalies and the related currents is analyzed in detail. We construct the covariant forms for both the currents and the anomalies for general gauge theories in even-dimensional space-time. The results are then extended to determine the structure of gravitational anomalies. These can always be interpreted as anomalies for local Lorentz transformations.
N=2 extremal black holes and intersecting branes

Abstract Using a simple hypothesis about the degrees of freedom of intersecting branes we find a microscopic counting argument that reproduces the entropy of a class of BPS black holes of type IIA string theory on general Calabi Yau three folds.
Some myths about "mental illness".

• Radical psychiatrists and others assert that mental illness is a myth. The opening and closing portions of the article deal with the impact such an argument has had in law and psychiatry. The body of the article discusses the five following versions of the myth argument prevalent in radical psychiatry: (1) that there is no such thing as mental illness; (2) that those called "mentally ill" are really as rational as everyone else, only with different aims, that the only reasons anyone ever thought differently was (3) because of unsophisticated category mistakes or (4) because of an adherence to the epistemology of a sick society;and (5) that the phrase "mental illness" is used to mask value judgments about others' behavior in pseudoscientific respectability. Reasons are given for rejecting each of these versions of the argument that mental illness is a myth.
Applications of Bragg and non-Bragg orders in holography and interferometry

It is well known that when two beams (object and reference) are incident on a recording material, high order diffraction may be observed during both the writing and reading of the hologram. These higher or non-Bragg orders contain the phase conjugate and the phase amplified versions of the object. In this talk, the utility of Bragg and non-Bragg orders during holographic construction and reconstruction using photorefractive materials and photothermoplastics is investigated with applications to object shape determination and deformation. Specifically, we discuss applications of non-Bragg orders in the 3d reconstruction of objects, and holographic interferometry using Bragg order to determine object attitude and deformation. The advantages of using non-Bragg orders (viz., phase conjugate and phase doubling) are also discussed.
Reliability of striatal [11C]raclopride binding in smokers wearing transdermal nicotine patches

Purpose In studies where [11C]raclopride (RAC) positron emission tomography (PET) is used to assess changes in striatal dopamine, it is important to control for cognitive states, such as drug craving, that could alter dopamine levels. In cigarette smokers, transdermal nicotine patches (TNP) can control nicotine craving, but the effects of nicotine patches on RAC binding are unknown. Thus, we sought to determine the test-retest reliability of RAC binding in the presence of nicotine patches.
CAN A HOUSE WITHOUT A FOUNDATION SUPPORT DESIGN

The House of Quality is a popular tool that supports information processing and decision making in the engineering design process. While its application is an aid in conceptual aspects of the design process, its use as a quantitative decision support tool in engineering design is potentially flawed. This flaw is a result of assumptions behind the methodology of the House of Quality and is viewed as an important deficiency that can lead to potentially invalid and poor decisions. In this paper this deficiency and its implications are explored both experimentally and empirically. The resulting conclusions are important to future use and improvement of the House of Quality as an engineering design tool.
Program Optimization Using Invariants

Optimizing a computer program is defined as improving the execution time without disturbing the correctness. We show how to use invariants from a proof of correctness in order to change the statement in and around the program's loops. This approach is shown to systematize existing optimization methods, and to sometimes allow stronger optimizations than are possible under the standard transformation approach.
The effect of anisotropic conduction on the thermal instability in the interstellar medium

Thermal instability (TI) can strongly affect the structure and dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the Milky Way and other disk galaxies. Thermal conduction plays an important role in the TI by stabilizing small scales and limiting the size of the smallest condensates. In the magnetized ISM, however, heat is conducted anisotropically (primarily along magnetic field lines). We investigate the effects of anisotropic thermal conduction on the nonlinear regime of the TI by performing two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We present models with magnetic fields of different initial geometries and strengths, and compare them to hydrodynamic models with isotropic conduction. We find that anisotropic conduction does not significantly alter the overall density and temperature statistics in the saturated state of the TI. However, it can strongly affect the shapes and sizes of cold clouds formed by the TI. For example, for uniform initial fields long filaments of cold gas are produced that are reminiscent of some observed H I clouds. For initially tangled fields, such filaments are not produced. We also show that anisotropic conduction suppresses turbulence generated by evaporative flows from the surfaces of cold blobs, which may have implications for mechanisms for driving turbulence in the ISM.
Combinatorial symbolic powers

Abstract Symbolic powers are studied in the combinatorial context of monomial ideals. When the ideals are generated by quadratic squarefree monomials, the generators of the symbolic powers are obstructions to vertex covering in the associated graph and its blowups. As a result, perfect graphs play an important role in the theory, dual to the role played by perfect graphs in the theory of secants of monomial ideals. We use Grobner degenerations as a tool to reduce questions about symbolic powers of arbitrary ideals to the monomial case. Among the applications are a new, unified approach to the Grobner bases of symbolic powers of determinantal and Pfaffian ideals.
Household allocation decisions and child health: Can behavioral responses to vitamin A supplementation programs explain heterogeneous effects?:

Biological research predicts that giving children vitamin A supplements will significantly reduce mortality from diarrheal and respiratory infections, but evaluations of supplementation programs in the field have produced a wide range of estimated mortality effects. In this paper, I explain these differences by differential household behavioral responses to programs. I find evidence that the mortality effect varies by observable determinants of household allocation to children. Additionally, I find that households improve malaria prevention for children that receive vitamin A supplements and that this effect varies by the same household allocation determinants.
EXPLORING THE HABITABLE ZONE FOR KEPLER PLANETARY CANDIDATES

This Letter outlines a simple approach to evaluate habitability of terrestrial planets by assuming different types of planetary atmospheres and using corresponding model calculations. Our approach can be applied for current and future candidates provided by the Kepler mission and other searches. The resulting uncertainties and changes in the number of planetary candidates in the HZ for the Kepler 2011 February data release are discussed. To first order, the HZ depends on the effective stellar flux distribution in wavelength and time, the planet albedo, and greenhouse gas effects. We provide a simple set of parameters which can be used for evaluating future planet candidates from transit searches.
Air-Stable, Nitrile-Ligated (Cyclopentadienone)iron Dicarbonyl Compounds as Transfer Reduction and Oxidation Catalysts

A series of air-stable, nitrile-ligated (cyclopentadienone)iron dicarbonyl compounds was synthesized and their activities as catalysts in the transfer reduction of acetophenone were explored. While all were active catalysts, the acetonitrile adduct was chosen for further study and was found to be active in the transfer reduction of aldehydes and ketones and in the Oppenauer-type oxidation of secondary alcohols. The acetonitrile catalyst exhibited activities similar to those of an analogous air-sensitive iron hydride, but unlike the iron hydride it was unreactive in carbonyl reductions using hydrogen gas.
A Comparative Analysis of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Adoption across Major U.S. Dairy Regions

Trends and determinants in the adoption of recombinant bovine somatotropin are examined using data from across the United States. The core findings are: (a) moderate adoption rates and relatively small impacts on national milk production; (b) substantial disadoption, farmers who have tried the technology but stopped using it; (c) no significant differences in characteristics between adopters and disadopters; and (d) major differences between nonadopters and farmers who have tried the technology, with the latter group having significantly higher use rates of complementary, productivity-enhancing technologies and larger herd sizes. This last result holds across states with distinctive herd size distributions.
Time-, frequency-, and wavevector-resolved x-ray diffraction from single molecules

Using a quantum electrodynamic framework, we calculate the off-resonant scattering of a broadband X-ray pulse from a sample initially prepared in an arbitrary superposition of electronic states. The signal consists of single-particle (incoherent) and two-particle (coherent) contributions that carry different particle form factors that involve different material transitions. Single-molecule experiments involving incoherent scattering are more influenced by inelastic processes compared to bulk measurements. The conditions under which the technique directly measures charge densities (and can be considered as diffraction) as opposed to correlation functions of the charge-density are specified. The results are illustrated with time- and wavevector-resolved signals from a single amino acid molecule (cysteine) following an impulsive excitation by a stimulated X-ray Raman process resonant with the sulfur K-edge. Our theory and simulations can guide future experimental studies on the structures of nano-particles and proteins.
Status and future directions for advanced accelerator research

The relationship between advanced accelerator research and future directions for particle physics is discussed. Comments are made about accelerator research trends in hadron colliders, muon colliders, and e+e− linear colliders.
On performance of sphere decoding and Markov chain Monte Carlo detection methods

In a recent work, it has been found that the suboptimum detectors that are based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques perform significantly better than their sphere decoding (SD) counterparts. In this letter, we explore the sources of this difference and show that a modification to existing sphere decoders can result in some improvement in their performance, even though they still fall short when compared with the MCMC detector. We also present a novel SD detector that is an exact realization of max-log-MAP detector. We call this exact max-log SD detector. Comparison of the results of this detector with those of the max-log version of the MCMC detector reveals that the latter is near optimal.
Nested strange attractors in spatiotemporal chaotic systems.

A self-similar fractal structure for phase-space attractors is observed for time series produced by spatiotemporal chaotic systems. Two data sets produced by (1) coupled logistic maps and (2) the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation are studied numerically. The attractor reconstructed in a time-delay embedding space has a coarse-grained dimension growing exponentially with increasing resolution. A coarse-grained [ital K][sub 2] entropy in the region of scaling grows linearly with the embedding dimension. This type of scaling behavior is expected for developed spatiotemporal chaos in spatially homogeneous extended systems when the correlation length is much smaller than the system size. The growth rate of the dimension (differential dimension) is proportional to a density of dimensions and a correlation length of the system. The growth rate of [ital K][sub 2] entropy is proportional to the entropy density and the correlation length.
The computer operation language

The many machine oriented and problem oriented languages existing and being planned today give rise to more complex problems in operating a computer. The development of computer operating systems have materially aided the problem of getting a program or series of programs on and off the computer efficiently. The variety of language processors have created a new operating system function - that of interpreting a language describing the processing to be performed for a given job. In particular the language is used to call a given processor, perscribe pertinent options and other control information. As such it is termed a computer operation language or operator oriented language. Not only does this language serve to free the human operator of many clerical tasks but it also provides for more consistent and error-free operation of the computer.
Romanticism in Spain and Spanish romanticism: A critical survey

(1939). Romanticism in Spain and Spanish romanticism: A critical survey. Bulletin of Spanish Studies: Vol. 16, No. 61, pp. 3-37.
Color superconductivity in asymmetric matter

Abstract The influence on color superconductivity of the presence of unequal chemical potentials for different quark flavors is analyzed. It is found in a mean-field approximation that there is a first order transition as this asymmetry grows. This transition proceeds through the formation of bubbles of low density, flavor asymmetric normal phase inside a high density, superconducting phase that has a gap larger than the one found in the symmetric case. For small fixed asymmetries the system is normal at low densities and superconducting only above some critical density. For larger asymmetries the system stays in the mixed state for arbitrarily high densities.
Fast data analysis with integrated statistical metadata in scientific datasets

Scientific datasets and libraries, such as HDF5, ADIOS, and NetCDF, have been used widely in many data-intensive applications. These libraries have their special file formats and I/O functions to provide efficient access to large datasets. Recent studies have started to utilize indexing, subsetting, and data reorganization to manage the increasingly large datasets. In this work, we present an approach to boost the data analysis performance, namely Fast Analysis with Statistical Metadata (FASM), via data subsetting and integrating a small amount of statistics into the original datasets. The added statistical information illustrates the data shape and provides knowledge of the data distribution; therefore the original I/O libraries can utilize these statistical metadata to perform fast queries and analyses. Various subsetting schemes can affect the access pattern and the I/O performance. We present a comparison study of different subsetting schemes by focusing on three dominant factors, the shape, the concurrency, and the locality. The added statistical metadata slightly increases the original data size, and we evaluate the cost and trade-off as well. This work is the first study that utilizes statistical metadata with various subsetting schemes to perform fast queries and analyses on large datasets. The proposed FASM approach is currently evaluated with the PnetCDF on Lustre file systems, but can also be implemented with other scientific libraries. The FASM can potentially lead to a new dataset design and can have an impact on big data analysis.
Numerical simulations of the flow of dilute polymer solutions in a four-roll mill

Abstract We study the startup flow of dilute polymer solutions in a four-roll mill by using FENE dumbbell models. Because this flow is inhomogeneous and contains an extension-dominated region at the stagnation point, strong coupling between the flow field and the polymer configuration can be expected. Our effort at simulating such flows and making meaningful comparisons with experiments is a major step toward assessing and improving molecularly-based constitutive models for dilute solutions. The first objective of the paper is to examine the behavior of the Chilcott-Rallison version of the FENE model (FENE-CR) with varying parameters c, De and L. At moderately high values of De and L, the polymer stretching mainly happens within a ‘birefringent strand” along the exiting flow axis emanating from the stagnation point. The coupling between flow and polymer stretching is exhibited by concerted flow suppression and reduction of polymer extension. In particular, the model predicts double-humped velocity and strain rate profiles across the outflow axis, in qualitative agreement with experiments. The second objective of the paper is to examine the effects of two additional features that can be added to the basic FENE-CR model: shear-thinning and an extra viscous stress. For shear-thinning we use the FENE-P model and for the viscous stress we adopt the expression recently proposed by Rallison [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 68 (1977) 61–83]. For the Deborah numbers studied here, shear-thinning causes a small increase in the steady-state polymer stretching at the stagnation point. The strain rate there is also somewhat higher than the corresponding FENE-CR value. The extra viscous stress tends to reduce polymer stretching and the strain rate at the stagnation point. In previous studies, the FENE-CR model has been shown to over-predict polymer stretching. Thus, the extra viscous stress will bring predictions of the model closer to experiments.
Proteasomal regulation of the mutagenic translesion DNA polymerase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rev1

Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) functions as a tolerance mechanism for DNA damage at a potentially mutagenic cost. Three TLS polymerases (Pols) function to bypass DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Rev1, Pol ζ, a heterodimer of the Rev3 and Rev7 proteins, and Pol η (Rad30). Our lab has shown that S. cerevisiae Rev1 protein levels are under striking cell cycle regulation, being ∼50-fold higher during G2/M than during G1 and much of S phase (Waters and Walker, 2006). REV1 transcript levels only vary ∼3-fold in a similar cell cycle pattern, suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism controls protein levels. Here, we show that the S. cerevisiae Rev1 protein is unstable during both the G1 and the G2/M phases of the cell cycle, however, the protein's half-life is shorter in G1 arrested cells than in G2/M arrested cells, indicating that the rate of proteolysis strongly contributes to Rev1's cell cycle regulation. In the presence of the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, the steady-state levels and half-life of Rev1 increase during G1 and G2/M. Through the use of a viable proteasome mutant, we confirm that the levels of Rev1 protein are dependent on proteasome-mediated degradation. The accumulation of higher migrating forms of Rev1 under certain conditions shows that the degradation of Rev1 is possibly directed through the addition of a polyubiquitination signal or another modification. These results support a model that proteasomal degradation acts as a regulatory system of mutagenic TLS mediated by Rev1.
Gold(I)-catalyzed hydration of allenes

A gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex catalyzes the intermolecular hydration of allenes to form allylic alcohols in modest yield with selective delivery of water to the terminal carbon atoms of the allenyl moiety.
Endwall Heat Transfer in a Vane Cascade Passage and in a Curved Duct

Measurements of endwall heat transfer coefficient have been made for flow through a vane cascade passage and a similarly shaped duct. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of the duct shape for modelling cascade endwall heat transfer. The Reynolds number for the cascade experiment is 5.4 × 105 based on chord. For the duct geometry the inlet velocity is adjusted in order to match the Reynolds number based on the pitch dimension. Thin stainless steel strips mounted on the endwall make up a large flat resistance heater. The temperature distribution over the heater surface is measured with 156 resistance temperature sensors. Surface heat transfer coefficient is obtained in the vicinity of each sensor by a local energy balance. The results are presented so as to show clearly the effect of secondary flow on endwall heat transfer. Except in the entrance plane region, the qualities of the cascade endwall Stanton number distribution compare well with the duct endwall measurements. The duct endwall heat transfer coefficients are everywhere greater than for the cascade passage endwall. The effect of a counter-clockwise rotating vortex in the suction side corner is shown clearly for both geometries.Copyright © 1989 by ASME
A Stable International Monetary System Emerges: Inflation Targeting is Bretton Woods, Reversed

A stable international monetary system has emerged since the early 1990s. A large number of industrial and a growing number of developing countries now have domestic inflation targets administered by independent and transparent central banks. These countries place few restrictions on capital mobility and allow their exchange rates to float. The domestic focus of monetary policy in these countries does not have any obvious international cost. Inflation targeters have lower exchange rate volatility and less frequent “sudden stops” of capital flows than similar countries that do not target inflation. Inflation targeting countries also do not have current accounts or international reserves that look different from other countries. This system was not planned and does not rely on international coordination. There is no role for a center country, the IMF, or gold. It is durable; in contrast to other monetary regimes, no country has been forced to abandon an inflation-targeting regime. Succinctly, it is the diametric opposite of the post-war system; Bretton Woods, reversed.
Selected topics in chest trauma

Trauma is the leading cause of death of young adults in the United States, and chest trauma is one of the leading causes of trauma-related fatalities. This article presents an approach to the radiological evaluation and diagnosis of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, traumatic aortic rupture, and thoracic spine injuries. Also discussed is the radiological assessment of vascular catheters, endotracheal tubes, and thoracostomy tubes.
Navigating a Nonlinear Environment: An Experimental Study of Decision Making in a Chaotic Setting

Abstract This paper presents experimental results where subjects are placed in a nonlinear game setting with the potential for chaotic dynamics in best-responses. We explore what behavior emerges from the nonlinear environment, how players make choices in this complex environment, and what strategies are most successful. We find an assortment of dynamic play in players' choices, ranging from an emergent leader–follower equilibrium to `chaotic' dynamics. We also find that players who most successfully navigated this complex decision environment, achieving the highest payoffs, were those who relied on an incremental search strategy.
DSM-IV Mania Symptoms in a Prepubertal and Early Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Phenotype Compared to Attention-Deficit Hyperactive and Normal Controls

Objective: To compare the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) mania symptoms in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype (PEA-BP) to those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal community controls (CC). Methods: To optimize generalizeability, subjects with PEA-BP and ADHD were consecutively ascertained from outpatient pediatric and psychiatric sites, and CC subjects were obtained from a random survey. All 268 subjects (93 with PEA-BP, 81 with ADHD, and 94 CC) received comprehensive, blind, baseline research assessments of mothers about their children and of children about themselves. PEA-BP was defined by DSM-IV mania with elation and/or grandiosity as one criterion to ensure that subjects had one of the two cardinal symptoms of mania and to avoid diagnosing mania only by criteria that overlapped with those for ADHD. Results: Five symptoms (i.e., elation, grandiosity, flight of ideas/racing thoughts, decrea...
Multiphoton imaging of an in vitro ovarian tissue model

In order to understand the distribution of endogenous fluorescence in the ovary, ovarian biopsies were maintained with a viable tissue imaging system and characterized with multiphoton imaging. Tissue images provided correlative data for spectroscopic measurements.
Vanishing of Tate homology and depth formulas over local rings

Auslander's depth formula for pairs of Tor-independent modules over a regular local ring, depth(M⊗RN)=depthM+depthN−depthR, has been generalized in several directions; most significantly it has been shown to hold for pairs of Tor-independent modules over complete intersection rings. In this paper we establish a depth formula that holds for every pair of Tate Tor-independent modules over a Gorenstein local ring. It subsumes previous generalizations of Auslander's formula and yields new results on vanishing of cohomology over certain Gorenstein rings.
Systems analysis as a tool for urban planning

Ways for analyzing social systems result in new policies for improving the behavior of systems in which we live. Such policies can change urban slums into areas designed for self-renewal. Already, studies into the relationships between monetary policy, interest rates, and foreign exchange have thrown new light on the processes of corporate growth, product stagnation, and loss of market share, and on the growth and decline of cities. At one time the engineer's task was simply to balance financial cost against the economic performance of his technology. Now, psychological stress, ugliness, and crowding have become part of the cost. Engineers who fail to realize this broadened role will be vilified by a society that views them as insensitive to the needs of the times.
Option bid-ask spread and scalping risk: Evidence from a covered warrants market

This study develops and empirically tests a simple market microstructure model to capture the main determinants of option bid-ask spread. The model is based on option market making costs (initial hedging, rebalancing, and order processing costs), and incorporates a reservation bid-ask spread that option market makers apply to protect themselves from scalpers. The model is tested on a sample of covered warrants, which are optionlike securities issued by banks, traded on the Italian Stock Exchange. The empirical analysis validates the model. The initial cost of setting up a delta neutral portfolio has been found to be an important determinant of option bid-ask spread, as well as rebalancing costs to keep the portfolio delta neutral. This result provides evidence of a further link between options and underlying assets: the spread of the option is positively related to the spread of its underlying asset. Empirical evidence also indicates that the reservation bid-ask spread, computed as the product of option delta and underlying asset tick, plays a very important role in explaining the bid-ask spread of options. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:843–867, 2006
Influence of Ash Deposit Chemistry and Structure on Physical and Transport Properties

Boiler ash deposits generated during combustion of coal, biomass, black liquor, and energetic materials affect both the net plant efficiency and operating strategy of essentially all boilers. Such deposits decrease convective and radiative heat exchange with boiler heat transfer surfaces. In many cases, even a small amount of ash on a surface decreases local heat transfer rates by factors of three or more. Apart from their impact on heat transfer, ash deposits in boilers represent potential operational problems and boiler maintenance issues, including plugging, tube wastage (erosion and corrosion), and structural damage.
Heterocycle formation through aza-annulation: A stereochemically controlled route to (±)-lupinine.

Abstract The aza-annulation of an acyclic β-enaminoester with acryloyl chloride was found to be a very efficient method for nitrogen heterocycle formation. Stereospecific hydrogenation of the unsaturated dihydropyridone generated from aza-annulation gave a single disubstituted lactam product. The cis stereochemical relationship of the substituents was confirmed by transformation of the lactam to (±)-lupinine.
Recent advances in pulsed-laser deposition of complex oxides

Pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is one of the most promising techniques for the formation of complex-oxide heterostructures, superlattices, and well controlled interfaces. The first part of this paper presents a review of several useful modifications of the process, including methods inspired by combinatorial approaches. We then discuss detailed growth kinetics results, which illustrate that 'true' layer-by-layer (LBL) growth can only be approached, not fully met, even though many characterization techniques reveal interfaces with unexpected sharpness. Time-resolved surface x-ray diffraction measurements show that crystallization and the majority of interlayer mass transport occur on timescales that are comparable to those of the plume/substrate interaction, providing direct experimental evidence that a growth regime exists in which non-thermal processes dominate PLD. This understanding shows how kinetic growth manipulation can bring PLD closer to ideal LBL than any other growth method available today.
Parametric coupling between macroscopic quantum resonators

Time-dependent linear coupling between macroscopic quantum resonator modes generates both a parametric amplification also known as a 'squeezing operation' and a beam splitter operation, analogous to quantum optical systems. These operations, when applied properly, can robustly generate entanglement and squeezing for the quantum resonator modes. Here, we present such coupling schemes between a nanomechanical resonator and a superconducting electrical resonator using applied microwave voltages as well as between two superconducting lumped-element electrical resonators using a rf SQUID-mediated tunable coupler. By calculating the logarithmic negativity of the partially transposed density matrix, we quantitatively study the entanglement generated at finite temperatures. We also show that characterization of the nanomechanical resonator state after the quantum operations can be achieved by detecting the electrical resonator only. Thus, one of the electrical resonator modes can act as a probe to measure the entanglement of the coupled systems and the degree of squeezing for the other resonator mode.
TSCALE: a new multidimensional scaling procedure based on Tversky's contrast model

Tversky's contrast model of proximity was initially formulated to account for the observed violations of the metric axioms often found in empirical proximity data. This set-theoretic approach models the similarity/dissimilarity between any two stimuli as a linear (or ratio) combination of measures of the common and distinctive features of the two stimuli. This paper proposes a new spatial multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedure called TSCALE based on Tversky's linear contrast model for the analysis of generally asymmetric three-way, two-mode proximity data. We first review the basic structure of Tversky's conceptual contrast model. A brief discussion of alternative MDS procedures to accommodate asymmetric proximity data is also provided. The technical details of the TSCALE procedure are given, as well as the program options that allow for the estimation of a number of different model specifications. The nonlinear estimation framework is discussed, as are the results of a modest Monte Carlo analysis. Two consumer psychology applications are provided: one involving perceptions of fast-food restaurants and the other regarding perceptions of various competitive brands of cola soft-drinks. Finally, other applications and directions for future research are mentioned.
Do Asset-Demand Functions Optimize over the Mean and Variance of Real Returns? A Six-Currency Test

Abstract International asset demands are functions of expected returns. Optimal portfolio theory tells us that the coefficients in this relationship depend on the variance-covariance matrix of real returns. But previous estimates of the optimal portfolio (1) assume expected returns constant and (2) are not set up to test the hypothesis of mean-variance optimization. We use maximum likelihood estimation to impose a constraint between the coefficients and the error variance-covariance matrix. For a portfolio of six currencies, we are able statistically to reject the constraint. Evidently investors are either not sophisticated enough to maximize a function of the mean and variance of end-of-period wealth, or else are too sophisticated to do so.
Market restructuring and pricing in the hospital industry

Abstract This paper examines the diagnosis related group-level (DRG) price effects of recent hospital mergers and acquisitions that occurred in Ohio and California. Empirical results indicate that hospital mergers and acquisitions increase prices at the DRG level. Further, price increases are greater in DRGs where the merging hospitals gained substantial market share compared to DRGs where the merging hospitals did not gain significant market share. These results suggest that DRG specific market share plays an important role in a hospital’s post-merger pricing strategy.
Central bank intervention and the volatility of foreign exchange rates: evidence from the options market

Abstract This paper tests the effects of central bank intervention on the ex ante volatility of $/DM and $/yen exchange rates between 1985 and 1991. In contrast to previous research which employed GARCH estimates of conditional volatility, we estimate ex ante volatility using the implied volatilities of currency option prices. We also control for the effects of other macroeconomic announcements. We find little support for the hypothesis that central bank intervention decreases expected exchange rate volatility. Instead, central bank intervention is generally associated with a positive change in ex ante exchange rate volatility, or with no change.
Organizational trend analysis of the hospitality industry: preparing for change

Examines aspects of change as reflected by articles published in the Hospitality Research Journal during the seven‐year period from 1989‐1995. Discusses how change (demographic, technological, societal, legal, cultural or ethical) is likely to influence the industry in relation to six themes: human resource management, service quality, hospitality education, the food service sector, strategic management and legislation. Summarizes sub‐themes and observations with reference to the likely impact of change on the industry in the medium term.
A facile selective acylation of castanospermine

Abstract A facile selective acylation on the 6-hydroxyl group of the polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloid castanospermine, ( 1 ), has been achieved by the in situ use of a preformed dibutyl organotin derivative.
Effective virtual new product development teams: an integrated framework

Purpose – Research on virtual teams is still in its nascent stages. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretically grounded integrative framework of key factors influencing the effectiveness of virtual new product development teams. Design/methodology/approach – The framework is developed by integrating perspectives from several research streams, including relationship marketing, new product development, knowledge management, the resource-based view, virtual teams, innovation, and communication. Findings – Factors impacting effective virtual interactions (i.e. improved decision quality and decision speed) and new product development (i.e. increased levels of creativity, innovativeness, and product development speed) are proposed. Research limitations/implications – Guidance is provided for managing virtual new product development teams. The paper offers testable propositions that can serve as a foundation for further research in this promising area. Originality/value – By synthesizing relevant perspectives from diverse literature streams, the paper offers a new framework for understanding and improving the functioning of virtual new product development teams.
A two‐zone model for the broad iron line emission in MCG–6‐30‐15

We reanalyse the ASCA and BeppoSAX data of MCG–6-30-15, using a double-zone model for the iron line profile. In this model, the X-ray source is located around ≈10 Schwarzschild radii and the regions interior and exterior to the X-ray source produce the line emission. We find that this model fits the data with a similar reduced χ2 to the standard single-zone model. Thus we show that the presence of a broad iron line feature does not necessarily require that the X-ray source be located close to the last stable orbit or in the disc rotation axis. Within the framework of this model, the best-fitting inclination angle of the source for the intermediate-intensity ASCA data set is compatible with that determined by earlier modelling of optical lines. The observed variability of the line profile with intensity can be explained as variations of the X-ray source size. That several active galactic nuclei with broad lines have the peak centroid near 6.4 keV can be explained under certain conditions. We also show that the simultaneous broad-band observations of this source by BeppoSAX rule out the Comptonization model which was an alternative to the standard inner-disc one. We thereby strengthen the case that line broadening occurs as a result of the strong gravitational influence of a black hole.
Binding of laminin to type IV collagen: A morphological study

A mixture of laminin and type IV collagen was analyzed by rotary shadowing using carbon/platinum and electron microscopy. Laminin was found to form distinct complexes with type IV collagen: one site of interaction is located 140 nm from the COOH-terminal, noncollagenous (NC1) domain and the other is located within the NH2-terminal region. The isolated NC1 fragment of type IV collagen does not appear to interact with laminin, while pepsin-treated type IV collagen, which lacks the NC1 domain, retains its ability to form complexes with laminin. Analysis of the laminin-type IV complexes indicates that laminin binds to type IV collagen via the globular regions of either of its four arms. This finding is supported by experiments using fragment P1 of laminin which lacks the globular regions and which does not bind to type IV collagen in a specific way. In addition, after heat-denaturation of laminin no specific binding is observed.
Neutronics of a D-Li neutron source. An overview

The importance of having a high energy (14 MeV) neutron source for fusion materials testing is widely recognized. The availability of a test volume with easy accessibility, with a radiation environment similar to the one expected for a fusion reactor, and with dimensions large enough to accommodate several small samples or a small blanket mock-up are requirements impossible to meet with the existing reactors and irradiation facilities. A D-Li neutron source meets the above mentioned requirements and can be built today with well known technology. This paper describes some relevant topics related to beam target configuration, neutron flux spectrum, and nuclear responses for a D-Li neutron source. The target-beam configuration is analyzed for different beam cross sectional areas and trade-offs between the area of the beam and related quantities such as available volume for testing, peak fluxes, and flux or nuclear responses gradient are presented. The conclusion is that the D-Li neutron source has the necessary characteristics to be the option of choice for IFMIF.
Weakly Nonlinear Dynamics of Interface Propagation

A simple conceptual description of condensed-phase combustion, explosive solidification, and certain other exothermic phenomena can be given via a free-boundary model with a nonlinear kinetic condition at the free boundary. For a wide range of parametric regimes, the reaction front exhibits a great variety of spatial patterns and instabilities. In [1], we did a linear stability analysis of interfaces that move along a two-dimensional semi-infinite strip with thermally insulated edges. Here we use the normal-mode method to perform a weakly nonlinear analysis for the development of transverse instabilities in the strip. The asymptotic analysis leads to the derivation of ordinary differential equations of Landau-Stuart type for the slowly varying amplitudes of linearly unstable modes. We focus on a strip in which two eigenmodes lose stability at the same value of a parameter related to the activation energy. Such a case gives rise to nontrivial couplings between the amplitude equations, and the two unstable modes compete for dominance. Based on the bifurcation analysis of the amplitude equations, we classify the front configurations that will emerge for any given choice of the kinetics parameter.