cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relation between myocardial infarction site and pain location in Q-wave acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Location, severity, duration, and time course of pain were assessed in 104 consecutive patients with either first or second, anterior or inferior Q-wave acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pain severity was assessed using a visual analog scale. Pain location and radiation were similar in 48 patients with anterior and 56 patients with inferior wall AMI. Pain duration (6.1 ± 6.4 vs 6.5 ± 5.4 hours , p = NS ) and severity (68 ± 21 vs 61 ± 21 mm , p = NS ) were also similar. The pain was continuous in 34 patients with anterior (71%) and in 42 with inferior (75%) wall AMI. Among the 41 patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy, 18 patients with continuous pain had a higher creatine kinase peak level than the remaining 23 patients with intermittent pain or preinfarction angina, or both (2,065 ± 1,017 vs 1,162 ± 994 IU , p p p 1 AMI , different locations of the infarction pain were highly predictive of ischemia occurring in different myocardial regions. Finally, patients with preinfarction angina or intermittent pain tended to have smaller infarcts.
Effects of radiation dose and display contrast on low-contrast phantom image visibility

Computed radiography (CR) radiographs were generated of a low contrast phantom with 5 mm diameter disks. The radiation exposure incident on the imaging plate was varied from approximately 0.1 mR to approximately 10 mR, with the phantom images printed to film using a range of display contrast settings. Changing the radiation exposure by two orders of magnitude had only a modest effect on disk detection performance (approximately 20%), and much less than predicted by signal detection theory for the perception of noise limited objects. For images generated at approximately 1 and approximately 10 mR, increasing the display contrast markedly improved the disk detection performance (approximately 50%). There was approximate agreement between the experimental data and the corresponding theoretical predictions for the detection of contrast limited objects. For the contrast detail phantom employed in this study, disk detection was primarily contrast limited, with image noise being relatively unimportant. Lesion detection with an anthropomorphic phantom containing a structured background wold be unlikely to change this conclusion, since noise is expected to be most important for low contrast objects viewed against a uniform background. Contrast enhancement, as opposed to increasing radiation exposure, is therefore the method of choice for improving the detection of 5 mm diameter sized low contrast lesions in CR images.
Intravital Imaging and Photoswitching in Tumor Invasion and Intravasation Microenvironments.

Our group studies the spread of cells in primary breast tumors to distant sites, a process that is called metastasis. In order to metastasize, cells migrate and invade the surrounding areas (invasion) and enter the blood (intravasation). Previously, we developed techniques to visualize these cell movements in mammary tumors of living mice at single-cell resolution [1-3]. These techniques involved intravital imaging of carcinomas in which tumor cells express genetically encoded fluorophores such as CFP or GFP [4] using multiphoton microscopy. In contrast to widefield or confocal microscopy, high-contrast images of features several cell diameters deep inside the tissue can be acquired with multiphoton microscopy without tumor dissection and removal from the animal. Using this technology, we were able to simultaneously monitor tumor cells and several components of the tumor microenvironment, such as collagen fibers, blood vessels, and several subpopulations of macrophages. The results of our studies demonstrated that the primary tumor is not just a collection of cells where every cell is equally able to metastasize, but that only a small population of tumor cells is capable of moving rapidly. These fast, invasive cells were seen to invade surrounding tissue, crawl along collagen fibers [5], interact with perivascular macrophages forming a paracrine loop [2], as well as enter into blood vessels (intravasation) under the guidance of macrophages [1]. Based on these data, we were able to identify two separate microenvironments in the mammary carcinoma: the invasion and intravasation microenvironments.
Laboratory study of wave and turbulence velocities in a broad-banded irregular wave surf zone

Abstract The characteristics of wave and turbulence velocities created by a broad-banded irregular wave train breaking on a 1:35 slope were studied in a laboratory wave flume. Water particle velocities were measured simultaneously with wave elevations at three cross-shore locations inside the surf zone. The measured data were separated into low-frequency and high-frequency time series using a Fourier filter. The measured velocities were further separated into organized wave-induced velocities and turbulent velocity fluctuations by ensemble averaging. The broad-banded irregular waves created a wide surf zone that was dominated by spilling type breakers. A wave-by-wave analysis was carried out to obtain the probability distributions of individual wave heights, wave periods, peak wave velocities, and wave-averaged turbulent kinetic energies and Reynolds stresses. The results showed that there was a consistent increase in the kurtosis of the vertical velocity distribution from the surface to the bottom. The abnormally large downward velocities were produced by plunging breakers that occurred from time to time. It was found that the mean of the highest one-third wave-averaged turbulent kinetic energy values in the irregular waves was about the same as the time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy in a regular wave with similar deep-water wave height to wavelength ratio. It was also found that the correlation coefficient of the Reynolds stress varied strongly with turbulence intensity. Good correlation between u′ and w′ was obtained when the turbulence intensity was high; the correlation coefficient was about 0.3–0.5. The Reynolds stress correlation coefficient decreased over a wave cycle, and with distance from the water surface. Under the irregular breaking waves, turbulent kinetic energy was transported downward and landward by turbulent velocity fluctuations and wave velocities, and upward and seaward by the undertow. The undertow in the irregular waves was similar in vertical structure but lower in magnitude than in regular waves, and the horizontal velocity profiles under the low-frequency waves were approximately uniform.
Mathematical model of the pyrolysis of bitumen-impregnated sandstone particles. 1. Diffusion dominant transport regime

Abstract A mathematical model of the pyrolysis of bitumen-impregnated sandstone particles heated to temperatures above 600 K has been developed. The model assumes that diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism at these temperatures (> 600 K). The governing equations describing diffusion and chemical reaction within the tar sand particles were solved analytically using a finite integral transform technique. The model predicts the final distribution of products in the bulk fluid phase and the intraparticle concentration profiles for the various products as a function of time.
Children, families and change: International perspectives

This special issue draws from several disciplines, including early childhood care and education, social and family policy, and economics to examine global trends affecting children and their families in rapidly changing environments. Authors' and guest editors' experiences and data drawn from ten countries help frame issues of importance to early childhood researchers, educators, policy-makers, and advocates. As the end of the century approaches, such cross-national perspectives on issues affecting the lives of children and families become increasingly relevant to our field. The introduction provides several contextual and theoretical frameworks through which to make connections between the articles in this special issue.
Markov Properties for Acyclic Directed Mixed Graphs

We consider acycfic directed mixed graphs, in which directed edges (x->y) and bi-directed edges (x 4-+ y) may occur. A simple extension of Pearl's d-separation criterion, called m-separation, is applied to these graphs. We introduce a local Markov property which is equivalent to the global property resulting from the m-separation criterion for arbitrary distributions.
Hairy Cell Leukemia Presenting in a Patient Aged 90

: Hairy cell leukemia has been described as chiefly a disease of the middle-aged. A patient is reported in whom hairy cell leukemia developed at age 90, the oldest age recorded for onset of the disease. An estimation of age-specific incidence rates revealed no major difference in incidences between the middle-aged and the elderly populations.
A possible explanation for the recently observed phase transition in solid 3He in high magnetic fields

Abstract The phase transition-like phenomenon recently observed in solid 3 He in high magnetic fields may be related to the change in the spin relaxation mechanisms of liquid 3 He in the region of the A superfluid transition.
Disposition kinetics of encainide and metabolites

Abstract Interpretation of plasma concentration data during encainide therapy is predicated on an understanding of the role of active metabolites during treatment. In over 90% of patients, encainide is rapidly biotransformed to O-desmethyl encainide (ODE) and 3-methoxy-O-desmethyl encainide (3-MODE), which persist in plasma hours after encainide itself is undetectable. This metabolism occurs in the liver, and encainide clearance is sufficiently high that a significant first-pass effect is seen during oral therapy (bioavailability 30 ± 7%). In these extensive metabolizers, ODE and 3-MODE appear to mediate the arrhythmia suppression and electrocardiographic changes seen during encainide therapy. In
Lifeblood: oil, freedom, and the forces of capital

Mathew Huber's Lifeblood: Oil, Freedom, and the Forces of Capital offers a theoretically rich alternative explanation for ’oil addiction’ in the USA. The received wisdom is that the dependency of t...
The Struggle of Women in Accounting: The Case of Jennie Palen, Pioneer Accountant, Historian and Poet

Abstract Jennie M. Palen was an accountant, an educator, a technical writer, a historian, a successful poet, and an accounting pioneer. She was one of the first women to become a CPA in New York State, one of the first women to work for a major accounting firm, and one of the first women to become a principal with a major accounting firm. She was president of the American Women's Society of Certified Public Accountants (AWSCPA) and editor of its journal, The Woman C.P.A. The AWSCPA was a leader in efforts to eliminate discrimination against women in the accounting profession and to recognize the achievement of women in the profession. Her articles, books, and poems reflect not only her view of life but also the changing role of accounting and society itself. The contributions of women have often been ignored in the study of accounting history. This article adds to this history the experience of a pioneer women entering and succeeding in the profession she said was "the most difficult of all the professions for a woman to break into."
Trapping-to-percolation transition in the hopping diffusion of substitutionally disordered solids with a binary energy distribution

We consider charge carriers that undergo nearest-neighbor hopping among the sites of a binary random lattice, each site of which is associated with one of two possible energies ${\mathit{E}}_{1}$ or ${\mathit{E}}_{2}$. A general and recently observed feature of this problem not predicted by previous treatments of disordered hopping models is a crossover between trap-limited conduction and percolation. We introduce new energy-projected equations of motion whose solutions reveal the deep conductivity minimum associated with this phenomenon, and compare the results predicted to numerical simulations.
Mode independent session directory service architecture: a unified approach for ASM and SSM multicast networks

In this paper we describe architectural changes incorporated into DNS aware Multicast Session Directory (mDNS) that enable it to co-exist in both Any Source Multicast (ASM) and Source Specific Multicast (SSM) environments. mDNS is a distributed, global, scalable and hierarchical approach that allows multicast sessions to be searched based on multiple parameters including keywords, session-type, geo-locality, etc. mDNS design being tightly coupled with existing Domain Name Service (DNS) enables sessions to be assigned a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that can be book-marked for future access.We also describe the caching strategy added to mDNS and present arguments on its possible benefits. Afterwards, we will discuss the slight search strategy alteration required by caching and its security implications. This paper also describes our simulation design. We describe how we automated our experiments. The integration of fully implemented mDNS software and our "simulated" network hierarchy will be explained. We provide simulation results and explain their significance with respect to network topography.
Light-evoked depolarizations in the retina of Strombus: role of calcium and other divalent cations.

1. Previous studies indicate that overlapping inward sodium and outward potassium currents play a role in generating the waveform of light-evoked depolarizations (LEDs) in one type of retinal neuron inStrombus luhuanus, a marine gastropod [Chinn, K. S., and Gillary, H. L. (1985).Comp. Biochem. Physiol.80A:233-245]. This paper concerns the effects of divalent cations on the LED. 2. The LED can exhibit a distinct early phase of depolarization (DE). Increasing the [Ca2+] in the artificial seawater (ASW) bathing medium reduced the amplitude of the entire LED, and omitting Ca2+ increased it. Adding 10 mM Sr2+ or 10 mM Mn2+ to either normal ASW or 0-Ca2+ ASW decreased the LED amplitude. Adding 10 mM Ba2+ to 0-Ca2+ ASW also decreased the LED amplitude, but adding Ba2+ to normal ASW selectively increasedDE. Cd2+ (100µM) selectively reducedDE when added to normal ASW but not when added to 0-Ca2+ ASW. 3. The results show that a variety of divalent cations can alter the currents that underlie the LED. They also suggest that an inward Ca2+ current occurs duringDE.
Esthetic Branched Pin Restorations af Anterior Teeth: Report of a Case

Two branched pins for synthetic restorations were constructed for fractured maxillary central incisors. They provided sufficient retention and required only a single penetration into tooth structure. Branched pin synthetic restorations are permanent and may also be modified later if complete coverage of the tooth is desired.
Commentary: The illusory tinea unguium cure

O nychomycosis is a common disorder and makes up approximately half of the nail disorders and 30% of the dermatophytoses we see as dermatologists. In older individuals the prevalence is high and likely approaches 60% or more in those older than 70 years. During the 1990s, onychomycosis was ‘‘hot,’’ not in any small part because of the onychomycosis treatment battles between orally administered terbinafine and itraconazole. Since 1996, however, no new Food and Drug Administrationeapproved systemic drugs for onychomycosis have come to market. During this time, the use of griseofulvin for tinea unguium has greatly diminished because of the greater efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole. Topical ciclopirox lacquer is the latest onychomycosis drug to be approved in the United States, but its efficacy in providing a complete cure as a monotherapy is unacceptably low. This situation is compounded as longterm follow-up of patients treated for tinea unguium has been lacking. Indeed, the article by Piraccini et al is a welcome addition to the literature. This was a 7-year prospective study limited to patients who had achieved a complete (clinical and mycological) cure with either terbinafine or itraconazole. Of 73 patients, 41 also used topical amorolfine after achieving cure. ‘‘The administration of systemic terbinafine to treat the first episode of onychomycosis seemed to provide better long-term success in those patients with a complete response. . ..’’ The statistical value was difficult to access because 59 patients were treated with terbinafine and only 14 with itraconazole.
Infrared spectroscopy used to study ice formation: the effect of trehalose, maltose, and glucose on melting.

Abstract We report the use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy to detect ice crystals in biological solutions. The method is based on the temperature dependence of the OH bending and stretch bands of water. By using mixtures of D2O and H2O, water’s absorption bands can be made to be on-scale in transmission mode. Water’s stretch band moves to lower frequency and sharpens with freezing, and the bending band goes to higher frequency and becomes less sharp. The technique is demonstrated for the study of the hysteresis of freezing in the presence of glucosyl sugars, namely glucose, maltose, and trehalose.
Effect of Concentration and Degree of Saturation on RESS of a CO2-Soluble Fluoropolymer

RESS experiments were performed on the semicrystalline fluoropolymer poly(heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) [poly(HDFDA); Mw = 254 000, Mw/Mn = 2.95] from solutions in carbon dioxide, with both concentration and degree of saturation being varied in a systematic manner. Phase-behavior measurements were carried out beforehand to locate the liquid−liquid equilibrium phase boundaries and thus establish the degree of saturation for a given concentration and preexpansion temperature and pressure. Concentrations of 0.5−5 wt % polymer were rapidly expanded through a short orifice (L/D = 5.08) at preexpansion temperatures and pressures corresponding to unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions. The results indicate that the size of the polymer product is controlled by the degree of saturation (S); however, the morphology of the product is controlled primarily by the concentration, not by S. Only at some intermediate concentration, a threshold concentration where fiber formation first starts to occur, does ...
Synthesis and investigation of thermoelectric and electrochemical properties of porous Ca9Co12O28 nanowires

We describe a general synthesis method to prepare porous complex metal cobaltate nanowires from the thermal decomposition of a metal oxalate precursor at a much lower temperature than that employed in conventional solid-state techniques. Using Ca9Co12O28 as an example, we investigate its thermoelectric properties at a high temperature and electrochemical properties as a potential anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Likelihood ratios for glaucoma diagnosis using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose To present a methodology for calculating likelihood ratios for glaucoma diagnosis for continuous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (spectral-domain OCT). Design Observational cohort study. Methods A total of 262 eyes of 187 patients with glaucoma and 190 eyes of 100 control subjects were included in the study. Subjects were recruited from the Diagnostic Innovations Glaucoma Study. Eyes with preperimetric and perimetric glaucomatous damage were included in the glaucoma group. The control group was composed of healthy eyes with normal visual fields from subjects recruited from the general population. All eyes underwent RNFL imaging with Spectralis spectral-domain OCT. Likelihood ratios for glaucoma diagnosis were estimated for specific global RNFL thickness measurements using a methodology based on estimating the tangents to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Likelihood ratios could be determined for continuous values of average RNFL thickness. Average RNFL thickness values lower than 86 μm were associated with positive likelihood ratios (ie, likelihood ratios greater than 1), whereas RNFL thickness values higher than 86 μm were associated with negative likelihood ratios (ie, likelihood ratios smaller than 1). A modified Fagan nomogram was provided to assist calculation of posttest probability of disease from the calculated likelihood ratios and pretest probability of disease. Conclusion The methodology allowed calculation of likelihood ratios for specific RNFL thickness values. By avoiding arbitrary categorization of test results, it potentially allows for an improved integration of test results into diagnostic clinical decision making.
A Bacteriophage λ Cohesive Ends (cos) DNA Fragment Enhances the Fitness of Plasmid-Containing Bacteria Growing in Energy-Limited Chemostats

A Bacteriophage λ Cohesive Ends (cos) DNA Fragment Enhances the Fitness of Plasmid-Containing Bacteria Growing in Energy-Limited Chemostats
Guided neurite growth on patterned carbon nanotubes

A combination of microlithography and chemical vapor deposition is used to engineer patterned vertical multiwalled carbon nanotube substrates. They are used to demonstrate the formation of directed neuronal networks. Multiple substrate geometries and nanotube heights were fabricated to determine the most suitable combination for understanding the cell morphological changes. The interaction between the cell membrane and the nanotube substrate are visually characterized. The viability of the networks on the nanoscale substrates was observed.
M- and T-tropic HIVs promote apoptosis in rat neurons.

Neuronal loss, reactive astrocytes, and other abnormalities are seen in the brain of individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated Dementia Complex (ADC). Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is believed to be the main agent causing ADC. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HIV-1 neurotoxicity considering that HIV-1 does not infect post-mitotic neurons and that viral load does not necessarily correlate with ADC. Various viral proteins, such as the envelope protein gp120 and the transcription activator Tat, have been shown to induce neuronal apoptosis through direct and indirect mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo. Progeny HIV-1 virions can also cause neuronal death. However, it has not been fully established yet whether HIV-1 promotes neuronal apoptosis by a direct mechanism. To explore the neurotoxic effect of HIV-1, we exposed rat cerebellar granule cells and cortical neurons in culture to two different strains of HIV-1, IIIB and BaL, T- and M-tropic strains that utilize CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptors, respectively, to infect cells. We observed that both viruses elicit a time-dependent apoptotic cell death in these cultures without inducing a productive infection as determined by the absence of the core protein of HIV-1, p24, in cell lysates. Instead, neurons were gp120 positive, suggesting that the envelope protein is shed by the virus and then subsequently internalized by neurons. The CXCR4 receptor antagonist AMD3100 or the CCR5 receptor inhibitor d-Ala-peptide T-amide blocked HIV IIIB and HIV Bal neurotoxicity, respectively. In contrast, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blocker MK801 failed to protect neurons from HIV-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that HIV-1 neurotoxicity can be initiated by the viral protein gp120 binding to neuronal chemokine receptors.
Regulation of indices of cholesterol synthesis in human mononuclear leukocytes by dietary cholesterol and fat saturation

The responses of 2 indices of cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols, in mononuclear leukocytes freshly isolated from peripheral blood to variation in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fat (S: U) and the amount of cholesterol absorbed from the diet were examined in 24 free-living men. Increasing S : U was associated with increasing plasma cholesterol level (r = 0.27, P = 0.03) and increasing reductase activity in leukocytes (r = 0.60, p < 0.00'1). This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that saturated fat decreases the flux of cholesterol from plasma into cells thereby releasing reductase from product feedback inhibition. Reductase activity, after controling for the effect of S : U, was negatively correlated with absorbed cholesterol from sources other than eggs (r = − 0.42, P = 0.02). Surprisingly, change in reductase activity was positively correlated with change in absorbed cholesterol upon eating eggs (r = 0.49, P = 0.008). Sterol labeling was negatively correlated with absorbed cholesterol from all sources including eggs (r = −0.64, P < 0.001) and was uncorrelated with S : U. Reductase activity and sterol labeling responded in parallel to cholesterol in foods other than eggs but not to egg feeding nor to S : U, thus it is unclear which test best reflects engogenous sterol synthesis in these cells.
The history of information infrastructures: the case of the International Classification of Diseases

The author presents a brief account of the history of the International Classification of Diseases that, as information infrastructure, its is as much a social construct as the product of a rigorous scientific process of development. He introduces an arrresting concept of information infrastructure inverssion which it would be interesting to see explored in a range of other contexts. But there is also much in the story of the ICD that remains to be more fully examined, given the classification's long life, its international reach, and the developments to which it has been subject. One wonders also, what a comparative study of the development of the International Classificaiton of Disaeases and of the International Catalogue of Scientific Papers, for example , would reveal about the social process of international information infrastructuree organisation and support -one having been adaptable and still alive, the other apparently unable to adapt an,d now an historical monument
Injection laryngoplasty for type 1 laryngeal cleft in children.

Objective. To review the 2-year, single-institution experience with injection laryngoplasty for diagnosis and treatment of type 1 laryngeal clefts (LC-1).Study Design. Case series with chart review.Setting. Tertiary care academic children’s hospital.Subjects and Methods. Patients at our institution who underwent injection laryngoplasty for LC-1 from January 2008 to December 2009. Outcome measures included patient demographics, surgical and anesthetic technique, effect on swallowing, and complications. Preoperative and postoperative swallowing evaluations were compared, and quality and duration of effects were calculated.Results. Sixteen children, 9 male and 7 female, underwent injection laryngoplasty for LC-1. Mean gestational age was 36.4 weeks (SD, 4.0 weeks; range, 27-41 weeks). Six patients had a major congenital anomaly (37.5%). Mean age at injection was 11.8 months (SD, 8.9 months; range, 2.9-33.5 months). Nine patients (56%) demonstrated complete resolution of penetration and aspiration on postoper...
ByteSTM: Virtual Machine-level Java Software Transactional Memory

We present ByteSTM, a virtual machine-level Java STM implementation that is built by extending the Jikes RVM. We modify Jikes RVM’s optimizing compiler to transparently support implicit transactions. Being implemented at the VM-level, it accesses memory directly, avoids Java garbage collection overhead by manually managing memory for transactional metadata, and provides pluggable support for implementing different STM algorithms to the VM. Our experimental studies reveal throughput improvement over other non-VM STMs by 6–70% on micro-benchmarks and by 7–60% on macro-benchmarks.
History of British Space Science

On May 13, 1953, as H. S. W. Massey (born Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey) was leaving his office to take part in the annual cricket match between the staff and students of the University College London physics department, he received a fateful telephone call from an official at the Ministry of Supply. According to Massey, the official asked whether he would be interested in using ministry supplied rockets for scientific research. “Without hesitation he said ‘yes’ and this really marked the beginning of the British scientific rocket programme,” (p. 17). Sir Harrie Massey died on November 27, 1983. In addition to an extraordinary scientific career, and a career as a senior statesman of British science, Massey also left behind an essentially completed manuscript devoted to chronicling the major events and accomplishments of British space science. The book project, according to M. O. Robins (Massey's coauthor and a pioneer in British rocketry and space science in his own right) was conceived in 1978. In 1981 the authors received a commission from the British Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). The present volume is the result.
Association between glomerular filtration rate, free, total, and percent free prostate-specific antigen.

Objectives To determine the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA), percent-free PSA (%fPSA), and total PSA (tPSA) in patients with diminished kidney function not on dialysis, using nationally representative data. Methods A total of 3782 men aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006, and who met eligibility criteria for PSA testing were included in the final study population. GFR (mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation 7 and categorized as ≥ 90, 60 to Results The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that GFR had a linear relationship with tPSA that was of borderline significance. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between GFR and %fPSA ( P P Conclusions Our finding that renal function as measured by GFR is negatively associated with %fPSA has potential implications for use of this test in men with renal disease.
SYT-SSX2 Variant of Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma With Focal Expression of CD117 (c-Kit) Protein and a Poor Clinical Outcome

Pulmonary synovial sarcoma is a rare neoplasm recently recognized as a distinct entity and characterized by t(X;18) translocation and production of at least 2 fusion genes, SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2. We report a case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma with the SYT-SSX2 phenotype and a rapidly progressive downhill course. Previous reports have suggested that the soft tissue synovial sarcomas with SYT-SSX2 phenotype have a favorable clinical outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report of CD117 (c-Kit) expression in a pulmonary synovial sarcoma. A 45-year-old woman presented with left chest pain and was found to have a left lower lobe tumor that was originally diagnosed as a sarcomatoid carcinoma. After the patient underwent chemotherapy and brachytherapy, the specimen from a left pneumonectomy showed a large spindle cell tumor, which was reclassified as a synovial sarcoma based on the results of immunophenotyping and molecular genetic studies. Differentiation between sarcoma and carcinosarcoma is crucial for implementing appropriate therapy. Furthermore, if the tumor expresses c-Kit, it may respond to target-based therapy.
A Cdk5 inhibitory peptide reduces tau hyperphosphorylation and apoptosis in neurons

The extracellular aggregation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides and the intracellular hyperphosphorylation of tau at specific epitopes are pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cdk5 phosphorylates tau at AD-specific phospho-epitopes when it associates with p25. p25 is a truncated activator, which is produced from the physiological Cdk5 activator p35 upon exposure to Abeta peptides. We show that neuronal infections with Cdk5 inhibitory peptide (CIP) selectively inhibit p25/Cdk5 activity and suppress the aberrant tau phosphorylation in cortical neurons. Furthermore, Abeta(1-42)-induced apoptosis of these cortical neurons was also reduced by coinfection with CIP. Of particular importance is our finding that CIP did not inhibit endogenous or transfected p35/Cdk5 activity, nor did it inhibit the other cyclin-dependent kinases such as Cdc2, Cdk2, Cdk4 and Cdk6. These results, therefore, provide a strategy to address, and possibly ameliorate, the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases that may be a consequence of aberrant p25 activation of Cdk5, without affecting 'normal' Cdk5 activity.
Properties of Uranium Monophosphide

Properties of uranium monophosphide were determined at room and at high temperatures. Heating UP above 1400°C in vacuum resulted in preferential loss of phosphorus, producing a slight contraction of the cubic lattice. Effect of temperature and time on the densification, lattice structure, and stoichiometry of UP is discussed. Properties determined include hardness, melting temperature, electrical resistivity, vaporization behavior, irradiation behavior, thermal expansion, high-temperature compatibility, and some chemical properties.
Laterally coupled InGaAsP/InP distributed feedback lasers at 1.5 [micro sign]m for chemical sensing applications

Data is presented on stable, tunable single-mode operation from laterally coupled InGaAsP/InP ridge waveguide distributed feedback lasers at /spl sim/1.5 /spl mu/m, suitable for chemical sensing, realised by a greatly simplified fabrication process requiring a single MOCVD growth step. Completed lasers show sidemode suppression ratios as high as 47 dB and wavelength shifts with injection current of 0.035 nm/mA (or 4.5 GHz/mA).
Fram 2 in the eastern Arctic

Fram 2 was a research program conducted from ice stations on drifting pack ice from March 19, 1980 to May 5, 1980. The research concentrated on underwater acoustics, marine geophysics, and physical oceanography in the eastern Arctic Ocean and had the financial support of the Office of Naval Research. Personnel from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (LDGO), Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO), University of Washington (UW), Naval Underwater Systems Center (NUSC), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and Polar Research Laboratory, Inc. (PRL), participated in the program. The Fram 2 program had logistic air support by the 317th Tactical Air Wing of the U.S. Air Force, by the Danish Air Force, Greenland Air Charter, Bradley Air, and PolAir. The Polar Science Center of the University of Washington (PSCUW) was responsible for the overall planning and management of the logistics support.
Optical Transmission Fiber Design Evolution

This paper reviews optical fiber design evolution for transmission systems over the past three decades, including both multimode and single-modes fibers. Key fiber attributes related to fiber transmission systems and how fiber designs have evolved to improve these attributes to enable higher and higher transmission data rate are discussed. Major fiber design change milestones in the past are covered. Also discussed are recent new developments in optical fiber technology.
The role of pH on the resistance of resting- and active anammox bacteria to NO2- inhibition.

The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) uses nitrite as terminal electron acceptor. The nitrite can cause inhibition to the bacteria that catalyze the anammox reaction. The literature shows a great divergence on the levels of NO2− causing inhibition. Moreover, the conditions influencing the resistance of anammox bacteria to NO2− inhibitory effect are not well understood. This work investigated the effect of the pH and the concentration of nitrite on the activity and metabolism of anammox granular sludge under different physiological conditions. Batch activity tests in a range of pH values were carried out in which either actively metabolizing cells or resting cells were exposed to nitrite in the presence or absence of the electron donating substrate ammonium, respectively. The response of the bacteria was evaluated by analyzing the specific anammox activity, the accumulation of nitric oxide, and the evolution of the ATP content in the biomass. Additionally, the effect of the pH on the tolerance of the biomass to single substrate feeding interruptions was evaluated in continuous anammox bioreactors. The results show that the influence of the pH on the NO2− inhibition of anammox bacteria is greater under non-metabolizing conditions than during active metabolism. The exposure of resting cells to NO2− (100 mg N L−1) at pH values below 7.2 caused complete inhibition of the anammox activity. The inhibition was accompanied by accumulation of the intermediate, nitric oxide, in the gas phase. In contrast, just mild inhibition was observed for resting cells exposed to the same NO2− concentration at pH values higher than 7.5 or any of the pH values tested in assays with actively metabolizing cells. ATP initially increased and subsequently decreased in time after resting cells were exposed to NO2− suggesting an active response of the cells to nitrite stress. Furthermore, bioreactors operated at pH lower than 6.8 had greater sensitivity to NO2− during an ammonium feed interruption than a bioreactor operated at pH 7.1. The results suggest that the ability of resting cells to tolerate NO2− inhibition is seriously impeded at mildly acidic pH values; whereas actively metabolizing biomass is resistant to NO2− toxicity over a wide range of pH values. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1949–1956. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of the initiation surveillance complex in promoting efficient protein synthesis

Initiation is most often the rate-limiting step of translation. Translation initiation requires the involvement of numerous factors that assist binding of the 40 S ribosomal subunit to an mRNA and the assembly of the 80 S ribosome at the correct initiation codon. Recruitment of an initiation surveillance complex is required for translation and serves to identify mRNAs that are structurally and functionally competent for translation. For most cellular mRNAs, recruitment of the surveillance complex requires the 5′-cap and 3′-poly(A) tail. However, some cellular and viral mRNAs that naturally lack either of these have evolved alternatives that serve to recruit the complex. The initiation surveillance complex functions to stabilize eIF4F (where eIF stands for eukaryotic initiation factor), the cap-binding complex, to the cap; promote eIF4A helicase activity to remove secondary structure in the 5′-leader that might otherwise reduce 40 S ribosomal subunit scanning; promote eIF4B binding to increase eIF4A/eIF4F function and stabilize binding of the poly(A)-binding protein to the poly(A) tail. The surveillance complex is regulated through changes in phosphorylation in response to environmental conditions or by developmental signals as a means to regulate globally protein synthesis. Thus the initiation surveillance complex ensures that only intact mRNAs are recruited for translation and serves to regulate protein synthesis.
Be sensible and cautious about criticizing tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction.

Correct placement of the femoral and tibial tunnels is the key to rapidly restoring motion and maintaining stability after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Incorrect tunnel placement causes graft failure, which can lead to recurrent instability, stiffness, and prolonged recovery that cannot be prevented by adjusting other variables such as the graft material and size, rehabilitation program, timing of return to sport, and bracing. Unfortunately, there is currently no universally agreed on definition for proper tunnel placement. The most important finding from the Level-I study by Meuffels et al. is that two surgeons, both highly experienced in ACL surgery, had “considerable and unexpected lack of precision in tibial and femoral tunnel placement,” with 40% of tibial tunnel and 60% of femoral tunnel positions being outliers when they randomized the use of conventional and computer-assisted surgical instrumentation for placing the tunnels. It is both enlightening and disconcerting that highly experienced surgeons have poor precision in drilling the tunnels in the intended target. Even with use of “more sophisticated” computer-assisted technology, imprecision and outliers …
Early effects of uninephrectomy on K homeostasis in unanesthetized rats

Mechanisms underlying the change in K excretion (UKV) during the first 6 days after uninephrectomy (UNX) were examined in unanesthetized rats. Arterial plasma K concentrations (PK) were 0.55 meq/l above control values at 12 and 24 h after UNX but were not significantly different 36-72 h after UNX. To determine if there was an increased sensitivity of the distal K secretory mechanism to increases in PK, an intragastric KCl infusion was given. The delta UKV/delta PK per kidney values were in the following order: 6-day UNX > 2-day UNX > control. In the normal rats, an acute increase of 0.5 meq/l in PK increased UKV by an amount approximating 25% of the increase in UKV observed 12-24 h after UNX. Amiloride, administered 48 h after UNX, increased Na excretion per kidney and decreased UKV per kidney approximately twice as much in UNX as in control groups. Thus an adaptive increase of amiloride-inhibitable K secretion occurred within 2 days of UNX and continued to increase thereafter. This K adaptation may have been induced by transient increases in PK.
A look into the future of ALS research.

Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also referred as ‘Lou Gehrig's Disease,’ was first described in 1869 and the first disease-associated gene was discovered almost 20 years ago, the disease etiology is still not fully understood and treatment options are limited to one drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The slow translational progress suggests that current research models are not ideal to study such a complicated disease and need to be re-examined. Progress will require greater insight into human genes and biology involved in ALS susceptibility, as well as a deeper understanding of disease phenotype at the histological and molecular levels. Improving human disease outcome will require directing focus toward improved assessment technologies and innovative approaches.
Digital image quantification of siderophores on agar plates

This article presents visual image data and detailed methodology for the use of a new method for quantifying the exudation of siderophores during fungal growth. The data include images showing time series for calibration, fungal exudation, and negative controls, as well as replication accuracy information. In addition, we provide detailed protocols for making CAS assay layer plates, the digital analysis protocol for determining area of color change, and discuss growth media that do and do not work with the layer plate method. The results of these data, their interpretation, and further discussion can be found in Andrews et al., 2016 [1].
Histopathology in surgically treated renal cell carcinoma: Is there a survival difference when stratified by stage?

5089 Background: The impact of renal cell carcinoma histopathology (RCC) on survival has been conflicting and limited to retrospective institutional studies. Therefore, we sought to determine the r...
New Magic as an Artification Movement: From Speech Event to Change Process

In recent years, a small but prolific network of French magicians and their allies have taken calculated, systematic, and very public steps to reposition magic as a form of high culture, produced a...
Basic Research for the Plugging of Granular Flow

Physical experiments and numerical simulations were performed to find under what conditions the formation of arches plugging the flow of granular materials are likely to occur throughout the gravity emptying of a silo. In the laboratory measurements, the movement of particle was characterized with the help of a video camera, and wall stress was measured by strain gauges. For computer simulation of this issue, the Discrete Element Method, specifically taking into account of rolling friction effect, was used. The results of numerical simulations by the Discrete Element Method were in good agreement with the experimental measures not only in the flow pattern but also in the formation of arches and wall stress.
174 THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE ON FETAL GUINEA PIG CEREBRAL CORTICAL AND HIPPOCAMPAL GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR PROTEIN EXPRESSION.

Purpose Fetal alcohol syndrome is a devastating condition that causes cell death through many mechanisms. Neurotransmitter receptors, such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, are altered by alcohol consumption, which may impact brain development. In this work we examined the effects of prenatal alcohol consumption on the fetal guinea pig brain, specifically the cortex and hippocampus. The goal of this work was to evaluate protein expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits NR2A, NR2B, NR1, GLUR1, GLUR2/3, and GLUR6/7 in fetal guinea pigs that were exposed to ethanol in utero. Methods Timed pregnant Dunkin-Hartley-strain guinea pigs received daily oral administration of one of the following regimens between gestational days (GD) 2 and 65: (1) 4 g ethanol/kg maternal body weight/day (ethanol group), (2) isocaloric sucrose and pair-feeding (sucrose group); or (3) isovolumetric water (water group) with ad libitum access to food and water for all 3 groups. On GD 63-65, dams were euthanized by decapitation under halothane anesthesia and fetuses were removed by cesarean section. The maternal blood ethanol concentration produced by the ethanol regimen was 71 ± 12 mM. Cerebral cortices and hippocampus were analyzed for receptor subunit expression using Western immunoblotting. Results In the cerebral cortex, there was no significant difference in glutamate receptor subunit expression when comparing ethanol to sucrose-exposed fetuses. In the hippocampus, there was a significant decrease of approximately 30% in NR2B expression in the ethanol group when compared to the sucrose-fed dams. Conclusions Hippocampal receptor NR2B expression was decreased in fetuses exposed in utero to ethanol with no significant change in cerebral cortex receptor expression. In contrast, previous work showed increased GLUR2/3 and decreased NR2B cerebral cortex receptor expression in adult guinea pigs exposed to ethanol in utero. These results suggest that ethanol produces age-dependent and region-specific decreases in the expression of NR2B. This action of ethanol could have an impact on synaptic plasticity and contribute to cognitive abnormalities.
GRT: a High-Performance Customizable HW/SW Open Platform for Underlying Wireless Networks

With the rapid development of wireless technology, wireless developers and users for special needs require a high-performance, customizable hardware/software(HW/SW) open platform for underlying wireless networks. This paper describes the design and implement of our proposed GRT platform, which can provide the features of high-performance, highly customizability, compatibility, and openness. As an example, we have implemented a set of SW/HW codes following 802.11a/g protocol. The system based on these codes exceeds the maximum data rate of the physical layer specified in the protocol, and can communicate with commodity Wi Fi devices.
Influence of Organic Dispersant on Morphology of Spherical Alumina Precursors

Monodispersed spherical alumina precursors were prepared by homogeneous precipitation method at very low concentration.Increasing concentration leaded to aggregation and nonspherical powders.Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were added as organic dispersants to improve the morphology.The results showed that 1% PVP can improve the state of aggregation,but with the increasing of PVP amount,the dispersing effect will be worse.PVA can improve the morphology and size distribution of the presursors.The best effect is obtained when 1% PVP and 1% PVA are used together,and the precursors are amorphous and spherical with diameter of 850 nm.