cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photo- and Thermal-Induced Antiferromagnetic Interlayer Coupling in Fe/(Fe-Si) Superlattices

We have grown, via sputtering, Fe-iron silicide superlattices that exhibit novel thermal and photomagnetic effects. For ∼ 15 A nominal thickness of the silicide layer the superlattices are antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled at room temperature. Upon cooling below 100 K they gradually revert to ferromagnetic alignment, but the AF coupling is restored at low temperature by exposure to visible light of sufficient intensity (> 10 mW/mm2). These effects are due to charge carriers in the silicide spacer layer which, when thermally or photo-generated, are capable of communicating spin information between the Fe layers.
On a proposal for a continuum with microstructure

A recently proposed model for a continuum with microstructure is further substantiated by identifying the microstructure with dislocations. In particular, the continuum is viewed as a superimposed state composed of a perfect lattice state, an immobile dislocation state, and a mobile dislocation state. It is assumed that each state evolves continuously in space-time and transitions from one state to another take place spontaneously according to the balance laws of effective mass and momentum. When the constitutive equations are subjected to the requirements of invariance, familiar statements from dislocation dynamics are deduced. When plastic strain and yield are identified in terms of the parameters characterizing the dislocation states, familiar flow rules and yield surfaces are produced. The capability of the model to predict not only Tresca and Von-Mises plastic behavior but also phenomena such as kinematic hardening, different responses in tension and compression, latent hardening, and the Bauschinger effect, is shown. Finally, the appropriateness of our equations to model creep, cyclic plasticity, and fatigue, is illustrated.
Automated Assessment of Keratocyte Density in Stromal Images from the ConfoScan 4 Confocal Microscope

Purpose. To develop a program to determine cell densities in images from the ConfoScan 4 (Nidek, Inc., Freemont, CA) confocal microscope and compare the densities with those determined in images obtained by the Tandem Scanning confocal microscope (Tandem Scanning Corp., Reston, VA). Methods. A program was developed that used image-processing routines to identify stromal cell nuclei in images from the ConfoScan 4 confocal microscope. Cell selection parameters were set to match cell densities from the program with those determined manually in 15 normal corneas of 15 volunteers. The program was tested on scans from 16 other normal volunteers and 17 volunteers 3 years after LASIK. Cell densities were compared to densities determined by manual assessment and to those in scans by the Tandem Scanning confocal microscope in the same corneas. Results. The difference in cell density between the automatic and manual assessment was -539 +/- 3005 cells/mm(3) (mean +/- SD, P = 0.11) in the 16 test corneas. Densities estimated from the ConfoScan 4 agreed with those from the Tandem Scanning confocal microscope in all regions of the stroma except in the anterior 10%, where the ConfoScan 4 indicated a 30% lower density. Conclusions. Differences in anterior stromal cell density between the ConfoScan 4 and the Tandem Scanning confocal microscope can be explained by the different optical designs. The lower spatial resolution of the ConfoScan 4 limits its ability to resolve thin layers. The adaptation of our earlier cell-counting program to the ConfoScan 4 provides a timesaving, objective, and reproducible means of determining stromal cell densities in images from the ConfoScan 4.
Score-based adaptive training for P300 speller Brain-Computer Interface

The primary aim of a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is to provide communication capabilities through brain signals recorded from the scalp for those with brain disorders to be able to interact with the outside world. In order to properly decode the electroencephalographic (EEG) brain signals, the BCI needs to adapt to the subject via calibration to ensure stable performance. One of the major challenges in realization of the EEG signals is the long calibration time required since they show significant variations between recording sessions even for the same subject within the same experimental condition. This paper proposes a score-based adaptive training algorithm that maximally utilizes relevant information from prior recording sessions and significantly shortens the calibration time. Also the proposed method is suitable to develop real-time, wearable, and low-power BCI embedded devices. The BCI developed in this work is based on the P300 word speller application introduced by Farwell and Donchin in 1988. The experimental results show that by employing few letters for calibration, the proposed adaptive training algorithm can achieve 100% classification accuracy.
Approaches to Difficulties in Realerting Subjects From Hypnosis

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of identifying and addressing failures of realerting or dehypnosis. In parallel with the exploration of the adverse consequences of hypnosis in workshop settings, a number of techniques for effecting realerting subjects from hypnosis were collected. Some of these techniques are well-known, some were developed by applying techniques developed for other purposes to the task of realerting, and some were developed by the author when other known techniques proved unsuccessful or were rejected by subjects requiring dehypnosis. This article reports 15 techniques, three of which are foundational and designed to orient the subject to becoming realerted, and 12 more specific approaches to achieving dehypnosis. When appropriate, the particular opportunities of and the potential difficulties and relative contraindications for each technique are discussed.
Kinetic Studies of the Reactions of O2(b1Σg+) with Several Atmospheric Molecules

Thermal rate coefficients for the removal (reaction + quenching) of O2(1sigma(g)+) by collision with several atmospheric molecules were determined to be as follows: O3, k3(210-370 K) = (3.63 +/- 0.86) x 10(-11) exp((-115 +/- 66)/T); H2O, k4(250-370 K) = (4.52 +/- 2.14) x 10(-12) exp((89 +/- 210)/T); N2, k5(210-370 K) = (2.03 +/- 0.30) x 10(-15) exp((37 +/- 40)/T); CO2, k6(298 K) = (3.39 +/- 0.36) x 10(-13); CH4, k7(298 K) = (1.08 +/- 0.11) x 10(-13); CO, k8(298 K) = (3.74 +/- 0.87) x 10(-15); all units in cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). O2(1sigma(g)+) was produced by directly exciting ground-state O2(3sigma(g)-) with a 762 nm pulsed dye laser. The reaction of O2(1sigma(g)+) with O3 was used to produce O(3P), and temporal profiles of O(3P) were measured using VUV atomic resonance fluorescence in the presence of the reactant to determine the rate coefficients for removal of O2(1sigma(g)+). Our results are compared with previous values, where available, and the overall trend in the O2(1sigma(g)+) removal rate coefficients and the atmospheric implications of these rate coefficients are discussed. Additionally, an upper limit for the branching ratio of O2(1sigma(g)+) + CO to give O(3P) + CO2 was determined to be < or = 0.2% and this reaction channel is shown to be of negligible importance in the atmosphere.
Isolation, characterization, and stability of α-[(ethynyl)dicobalt hexacarbonyl] carbonium ions

Abstract Stable carbonium ion salts of the type [(HCCC + R 1 R 2 )Co 2 (CO) 6 ]Z − (R 1 = R 2 = CH 3 , Z = SbF 6 ; R 1 = R 2 = C 6 H 5 , Z = SbF 6 ; R 1 = CH 3 , R 2 = H, Z = BF 4 ; R 1 = R 2 = H, Z = BF 4 ) were isolated upon treatment of the corresponding alcohol complexes with HF·SbF 5 or HBF 4 ·Et 2 O at −45°C. Extensive charge delocalization onto the Co 2 (CO) 6 moiety of the cations was evidenced in the IR by an increase in v (CO) and in the proton NMR spectra which exhibited very small downfield shifts relative to the alcohol precursors (Δδ). The p K R + values for the cations were essentially the same regardless of other substituents at the carbonium ion center and were approximately equal to that of the triphenylmethyl cation.
Computer models and the brain

Abstract Psychologists and computer enthusiasts have talked at length about the relationships between processing of information by the brain and processing of information by the computer. Models relating the two have been suggested, and attempts to draw analogies between the methods in which a computer would do a task and how the brain works have been frequent. Indeed, it has become popular to discuss brain functions in terms of computer terminology, and to project to the time when computers will duplicate brain processes. The present article discusses some of the difficulties and misassumptions which can arise from such discussions, and discusses those issues which must be addressed by those who wish to use the computer as a substitute for the brain.
Transport applications: architecture using Jini technology for simulation of an agent-based transportation system

This paper describes an architecture for the simulation of a transportation system that uses agent technology to deliver people and goods from their origins to their destinations. The intent of the architecture is to analyze incremental changes to the existing transportation paradigm to determine what type of system we could plan for in the future. Each entity within the system that has computational power is simulated as an agent. This architecture is useful for experimenting with many different algorithms and strategies for improving transportation systems.
GERSHOM SCHOLEM'S TEN UNHISTORICAL APHORISMS ON KABBALAH: TEXT AND COMMENTARY*

In 1958, Gershom Scholem published a series of ten aphoristic statements entitled "Zehn unhistorische Satze iiber Kabbala."' Although later republished in the third volume of his collected German essays, Judaica,2 these aphorisms have received little or no attention in the English-reading world, despite their considerable interest both for Scholem's own thought and as philosophical reflections on some fundamental issues in the Kabbalah.3 The word "unhistorical" in the title immediately suggests Scholem's intention to take off the hat of historian and philologian which he wore in most of his writings and to look at his material from a different perspective. Since Scholem's primary achievements lay in the history and philology of the Kabbalah, his more philosophical and theological reflections have often been treated as occasional pieces, peripheral to his main contribution. I have argued elsewhere that an understanding of Scholem as an historian requires an examination of these writings and
In vivo wear. Part I: The Michigan computer-graphic measuring system

Three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines for examining the quality of industrial castings were reviewed. The concept was modified and successfully converted to examine the minute geometric configurations of the surfaces of dental materials. The wear of composites has undoubtedly precipitated this perceptive, thorough study.
That Old‐Time Religion: Efficiency, Benchmarking, and Productivity

Books Reviewed: M. Berman, Productivity in Public and Nonprofit Organizations: Strategies and Techniques Patricia Keehley, Steven Medlin, Sue MacBride, and Laura Longmire, Benchmarking for Best Practices in the Public Sector: Achieving Performance Breakthroughs in Federal, State and Local Agencies David N. Ammons, Municipal Benchmarks: Assessing Local Performance and Establishing Community Standards
Use of Intravenous Valproate Sodium in Status Migraine

Patients with migraines have typically been given one group of medications for abortive treatment and another for preventative. In the acute situation when the patient has severe nausea it is difficult to administer medications. Intravenous medications would avoid this problem but are limited to the opiates and dihydroergotamine. The following cases demonstrate the acute treatment of migraine with intravenous valproic acid (Depacon). The oral form of valproic acid has been used as a prophylactic agent, but the intravenous form may provide an alternative for abortive care as well. The ease of administration and lack of side effects are also important considerations. Double-blind studies will help clarify the situation.
Pseudolaric acid B: NMR assignments, conformational analysis and cytotoxicity

The proton and carbon spectra for the fertility-regulating agent, pseudolaric acid B (1), have been assigned using a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques. NOE difference measurements revealed an unexpected conformation of the molecule, which could only be explained by a strained conformation of the six-membered lactone ring. Molecular forcefield calculations confirmed the presence of a low-energy conformer having the lactone ring in a half-planar conformation. The solution conformation is closely related to the solid-state conformation. Evaluation in a broad range of human cell lines established that 1 is a general cytotoxic agent.
Iterative multiuser detection

Communication channels that involve both error-control coding and multiple-access signaling are of increasing interest in applications such as cellular telephony, wireless computer networks, and broadband local access. Optimal data detection and decoding in such channels generally require a level of computational complexity that is prohibitive for these types of applications. Turbo multiuser detection (MUD) addresses this problem by applying turbo principle of iteration among constituent decision algorithms, with intermediate exchanges of soft information about tentative decisions. This principle is applied in this paper by considering MUD and error-control decoding as the two constituent decision algorithms. The resulting iteration between soft MUD and soft channel decoding yields good results. This article reviews this area outlining both the basic principles involved and the basis for low-complexity turbo multiuser detectors that require minimal increased complexity over that of the standard channel decoder.
Seguridad de la endarterectomía carotídea en pacientes en tratamiento con clopidogrel

Antecedentes El empleo de clopidogrel (Plavix ® ) va en aumento, principalmente, al ser utilizado en el tratamiento de pacientes con sintomas vasculares cerebrales y de aquellos con stents liberadores de farmacos en arteria coronaria. En un porcentaje significativo de estos pacientes sera necesario practicar una endarterectomia carotidea (EAC), mientras estan en tratamiento con clopidogrel. Datos recientes han demostrado un aumento de la incidencia de la trombosis de stent coronario al suspender la administracion de clopidogrel. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la EAC se podia realizar de forma segura en pacientes en tratamiento continuado con clopidogrel. Metodos Se utilizo un diseno de cohortes retrospectivo para revisar a los pacientes consecutivos tratados con una EAC durante un periodo de 24 meses, que finalizo en marzo de 2007. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos segun el uso perioperatorio de clopidogrel. Se compararon los datos demograficos preoperatorios y los resultados postoperatorios entre ambos grupos, y se analizaron estadisticamente. Resultados De los 100 pacientes tratados con una EAC, 19 tomaban clopidogrel durante los 5 dias anteriores a la cirugia. Estos pacietes constituyeron el grupo de estudio. El grupo control estuvo formado por los 81 pacientes que no recibieron clopidogrel. En ambos grupos se practico la anticoagulacion con heparina antes del clampaje. Las caraceristicas demograficas eran similares en ambos grupos. No existieron diferencias estadisticas entre el grupo control y el grupo clopidogrel en cuanto a la mortalidad o la morbilidad. La tasa de mortalidad e ictus combinados fue equivalente en ambos grupos (1,2% grupo control frente a 0% grupo clopidogrel). En el grupo control se desarrollo un hematoma que no requirio intervencion quirurgica. Conclusion En esta serie, nuestros resultados indican que los pacientes en tratamiento concomitante con clopidogrel pueden ser sometidos de forma segura a una EAC sin que exista un aumento del riesgo de sangrado o de complicaciones neurologicas. En vista de los datos recientes que demuestran resultados adversos en pacientes que suspenden el clopidogrel, este estudio es util para el tratamiento optimo de este grupo de pacientes.
Asymptotically stable gait primitives for planning dynamic bipedal locomotion in three dimensions

This paper applies geometric reduction-based control to derive a set of asymptotically stable dynamic walking gaits for a 3-D bipedal robot, each corresponding to walking along a nominal arc of constant curvature for a fixed number of steps. We show that any such set of asymptotically stable gait primitives may be composed in arbitrary order without causing the robot to fall, so any walking path that is a sequence of these gaits may be followed by the robot. This result enables motion planning for bipedal dynamic walkers, which are fast and energetically efficient, in a similar manner to what is already possible for biped locomotion based on Zero Moment Point (ZMP) equilibrium constraints.
Unsupervised clustering algorithm for N-dimensional data

Cluster analysis is an important tool for classifying data. Established techniques include k-means and k-median cluster analysis. However, these methods require the user to provide a priori estimations of the number of clusters and their approximate location in the parameter space. Often these estimations can be made based on some prior understanding about the nature of the data. Alternatively, the user makes these estimations based on visualization of the data. However, the latter is problematic in data sets with large numbers of dimensions. Presented here is an algorithm that can automatically provide these estimates without human intervention based on the inherent structure of the data set. The number of dimensions does not limit it.
Determinations of Ngas and Prepl factors from commercially available parallel-plate chambers: AAPM Task Group 21 protocol

Using a Farmer chamber as a reference dosimeter, we have measured the N/sub gas/ (cavity-gas calibration factor) and P/sub repl/ (replacement correction factor) values for four parallel-plate chambers: (1) a Holt chamber, (2) a Capintec chamber, (3) a Markus chamber, and (4) an SHM chamber. N/sub gas/ determinations were done primarily using /sup 60/Co photons and nominal 18-MeV electrons for N/sub gas/ determinations. For P/sub repl/ determinations, we used nominal 18-, 15-, 12-, 9-, 6-, and 4-MeV electrons.
Lake-to-Lake Cloud Bands: Frequencies and Locations

Abstract Premodification of the atmosphere by upwind lakes is known to influence lake-effect snowstorm intensity and locations over downwind lakes. This study highlights perhaps the most visible manifestation of the link between convection over two or more of the Great Lakes lake-to-lake (L2L) cloud bands. Emphasis is placed on L2L cloud bands observed in high-resolution satellite imagery on 2 December 2003. These L2L cloud bands developed over Lake Superior and were modified as they passed over Lakes Michigan and Erie and intervening land areas. This event is put into a longer-term context through documentation of the frequency with which lake-effect and, particularly, L2L cloud bands occurred over a 5-yr time period over different areas of the Great Lakes region.
A synthetic acceleration scheme for radiative diffusion calculations

Abstract A synthetic method has been developed to accelerate the iterative convergence of the multigroup radiative diffusion equations with temporally implicit material-radiation coupling. The performance of the method is characterized by means of a Fourier analysis. Computational results are given and are found to be consistent with the analysis. Overall, the method appears to be quite effective.
Natural Lactic Acid Fermentation of Corn Meal

A natural lactic acid fermentation occurs when water is mixed with corn meal and incubated at 37°C. Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus cellobiosus and Pediococcus acidilactici were isolated; viable coliforms, yeast and molds disappeared from the fermentation by the second day. Lactics dominated during the 4 days of study of the fermentation. Eh decreased during the first 24-hr period which corresponded to the time coliforms were present in the fermenting corn meal. The percent yield of dry solids was related to the amount of water present. With less water, higher levels of acid were present inhibiting the flora which prevented less breakdown of the substrate and hence higher yields were obtained.
US policymakers confront aerospace doctrine, 1957–59

Soviet satellites in 1957 galvanised air force interest in defending and exploiting ‘aerospace’ as an extended realm of operations. The Dynamic Soarer glider programme, catapulted to significance by air force reaction to Sputnik, became the standard bearer for aerospace thought in the late 1950s. Dwight Eisenhower's administration, however, did not see the weaponisation of space as inevitable or desirable. Convinced that public insistence for visible space accomplishments made elimination or cuts to projects politically difficult, Eisenhower's administration used organisational decisions and policy strictures to impede development of the Dyna-Soar and to prevent aerospace paladins from commandeering US space policy.
QUALITY COMPETITION WITH STOCHASTIC DEMAND AND COSTLY SEARCH: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM THE VIDEO RENTAL MARKET

A theoretical model is developed to predict optimal service rates in markets where firms compete in availability. We show that firms are more likely to stock-out of popular products as the cost of consumer search increases. Carlton (1978) showed that, in a zero-profit competitive environment, firms balance the risk of not being able to serve a particular customer against the cost of holding excess capacity and that this balancing act will result in an equilibrium in which not all customers are served. The model was later adapted to oligopolistic competition by Peters (1984) and Deneckere and Peck (1995). This paper extends this literature on competition under stochastic demand by developing a model that incorporates 1) the possibility that customers may be able to purchase from another firm in the case of a stock-out and 2) the option for firms to offer an imperfect substitute in order to persuade some customers to make a purchase when the first choice product is out of stock. Empirical evidence is presented in support of the theoretical model using data collected from video rental outlets in a midsize southeastern US city.
In vitro synthesis of nitroxide free radicals by hog liver microsomes

The in vitro biooxidation of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP), 4-hydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (TEMO) and diphenylamine (DPA) by hog liver microsomes to their respective nitroxide free radicals, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-1-oxyl (TEMOO), and diphenylnitroxide (DPNO) has been investigated. For extending the life span of the liver microsomes, a calcium alginate immobilization procedure was used. The biooxidation rates of the above amines to their respective nitroxide metabolites were measured by means of oxygen uptake at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. N-octylamine was found to be an activator in the biooxidation of the amines. The formation of the nitroxide radicals was identified by E.S.R. spectroscopy.
Sex differences in K+-evoked striatal dopamine output from superfused striatal tissue fragments of reserpine-treated CD-1 mice.

Reserpine inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) function and thereby impairs vesicular dopamine (DA) storage within nerve terminals. The present report compared the effects of reserpine treatment upon the striatal dopaminergic system in male and female mice as a means to assess potential sex differences in VMAT-2/DA storage function. After treatment with reserpine, male mice showed significantly greater striatal DA concentrations and K + -evoked DA output from the striatum compared to females. By contrast, no statistically significant sex differences were observed in methamphetamine-evoked DA output in reserpine-treated mice. These results demonstrate a clear sex difference in the striatal dopaminergic responses to reserpine and suggest that females possess a more active VMAT-2/DA storage capacity, as indicated by the greater degree of deficits observed when VMAT-2/DA storage function is inhibited by reserpine. Such findings have important implications for understanding some of the bases for sex differences in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.
Phosphates: Geochemical, geobiological, and materials importance: edited by M. J. Kohn, J. Rakovan, and J. M. Hughes

Book Review: Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance, M. J. Kohn, J. Rakovan, J. M. Hughes (Eds.). Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Washington, D.C., USA (2002).
Calculated powder patterns of (R,S)-propanolol hydrochloride : a comment

Abstract In contrast to a recent report by Roberts and Rowe [International Journal of Pharmaceutics 109 (1994) 83–87], no significant differences are found in X-ray powder patterns generated from the crystal structure description in space group P21/c of Cotrait and Dangoumau [C. R. Acad Sci. Ser. C., 272 (1971) 2057–2060] and the description in P21/n by Ammon et al. [Acta Crystallographica B33 (1977) 21–29].
Observations on the dynamics of electromagnetically levitated liquid metals and alloys at elevated temperatures

Electromagnetic levitation and heating of small (0.5 to 1.0 gm) samples of Cu, Ni, and Ni-base al-loys were performed in inert atmospheres. These experiments were recorded by high speed photog-raphy using both regular film and video methods. Initial studies revealed interesting dynamics of the droplets that included axisymmetric oscillation, rotation, and oscillation mode changes. An attempt was made to explain the behavior using available models.
Characterizing aluminum sintering using in-situ NDE

Considerable attention has been given to the use of nondestructive evaluation techniques to reduce the costs associated with the manufacture of powder-metallurgy components. One such technology that is being developed at the U.S Department of Energy’s Ames Laboratory is an in-situ noncontact technique to characterize sintering. The method consists of a high-temperature electromagnetic acoustic transducer to measure the amplitude and velocity of an ultrasonic tone burst traveling through a sample during sintering. Results from the in-situ noncontact nondestructive evaluation measurements indicate that real-time in-situ monitoring of sintering is attainable.
Total syntheses of kealiinines A-C.

Short total syntheses of the Leucetta-derived alkaloids, kealiinines A–C, have been accomplished using an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts–dehydration sequence of a bis benzylic diol. The precursor di...
Social Class, Education, and Motive to Achieve in Differential Occupational Mobility

(1964). Social Class, Education, and Motive to Achieve in Differential Occupational Mobility. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 231-242.
Intestinal microecology in health and wellness.

Intestinal microecology consists of 4 components—the luminal gastrointestinal tract, secretions of the tract, the epithelium, nutrients and foods that enter the tract, and the microbatome or microflora. This ecosystem is very dynamic. It is not possible to define a normal flora as it varies with geography, diet, and the dynamics of the microecology. A normal flora exists in a healthy human. The life cycle of the intestinal microbatome will vary with geography and feeding. Dysbiosis may occur in disease. At the present time, the flora is best determined from older biochemical techniques and newer genetic bacteriologic studies, but much more research is needed to define the makeup of the microbatome as it varies with diet and geography.
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Organ Failure, and Outcome in Critically Ill Obstetric Patients Treated in an ICU

Study objectives To determine the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ failure and to describe the outcomes in critically ill obstetric patients who have been treated in medical ICUs. Design Retrospective review. Setting A multidisciplinary ICU at a tertiary-care institution. Methods We collected data on 74 obstetric patients who were admitted consecutively to the ICU from January 1991 through December 1998. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores were calculated. A p value Measurements and results Fifty-eight percent of patients were admitted to the ICU postpartum. Their mean (± SD) age was 25.9 ± 7.0 years, and 64% were African American and 34% were white. Fifty percent had preexisting medical conditions. Their mean APACHE II score was 14.0 ± 5.9, and their predicted mortality rate was 17.6%. The most common reason for admission was respiratory insufficiency. Preeclampsia was present in 38% of patients, and hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome were present in 7% of patients. SIRS developed in 59% of patients. Patients with SIRS had longer ICU stays (p = 0.0008). Organ failure developed in 65% of patients, and ARDS developed in 15% of patients. Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 45% of patients, and pulmonary artery catheterization was required in 35% of patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.7%. There were five spontaneous abortions and eight perinatal deaths. Conclusions The most common reason for admission to the ICU of critically ill obstetric patients was respiratory failure. Despite the severity of illness and the development of SIRS and organ failure in most patients, the mortality rate was low.
Photonic Crystal Carbohydrate Sensors: Low Ionic Strength Sugar Sensing

We developed a carbohydrate sensing material, which consists of a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) incorporated into a polyacrylamide hydrogel (PCCA) with pendent boronic acid groups. The embedded CCA diffracts visible light, and the PCCA diffraction wavelength reports on the hydrogel volume. This boronic acid PCCA responds to species containing vicinal cis diols such as carbohydrates. This PCCA photonic crystal sensing material responds to glucose in low ionic strength aqueous solutions by swelling and red shifting its diffraction as the glucose concentration increases. The hydrogel swelling results from a Donnan potential due to formation of boronate anion; the boronic acid pKa decreases upon glucose binding. This sensing material responds to glucose and other sugars at <50 μM concentrations in low ionic strength solutions.
Scalable Keyword-Based Data Retrievals in Future Content-Centric Networks

The emergence of powerful mobile devices has allowed users to publish more contents in the Internet in recent years. The existing Internet architecture cannot cope with such exponential growth in users published contents. Content-centric networks have been proposed recently to allow future Internet to be data-centric rather than network centric. Several content centric networking approaches have been proposed, but most of them assume that users know the unique identifiers of the contents that are of interests to them. SECON [1] proposed a content centric mobile network solution that provides keyword based retrievals. However, the authors do not provide detailed description on how their solution can be made scalable. In this paper, we propose two scalable solutions for keyword based retrievals in content centric networks. Our preliminary simulation results indicate that our solutions are scalable.
Effects of dietary lead, fish oil, and ethoxyquin on hepatic fatty acid composition in chicks

Three experiments were conducted with day-old broiler chicks reared to 18 or 19 d of age. The objective was to examine the effects of dietary oil (cottonseed oil vs fish oil), dietary antioxidant (0 vs 75 ppm ethoxyquin), and dietary lead (0 vs 1000 ppm Pb as lead acetate trihydrate) on hepatic fatty acid composition. A 2×2 factorial arrangement was used in all experiments. In Experiment 1, the factors were oil (4% of each) and Pb. In Experiments 2 and 3, the factors were ethoxyquin and Pb in diets containing 3.5% cottonseed oil (Experiment 2) or 3.5% fish oil (Experiment 3). Hepatic fatty acid profiles were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in 10 chicks/treatment (Experiment 1) or 4 chicks/treatment (Experiments 2 and 3). Dietary oils altered the profiles, with cottonseed oil producing the higher values for linoleic acid (18∶2) and arachidonic acid (20∶4). With fish oil, in addition to the lower levels of 18∶2 and 20∶4, there were significant levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6). Pb enhanced the levels of 20∶4, but the effect was greater with cottonseed oil diets compared with fish oil diets. The enhanced 20∶4 levels resulted in lower ratios of 18∶2/20∶4. Ethoxyquin enhanced the level of 18∶2 with the cottonseed oil diet, and of 20∶5 and 22∶6 with the fish oil diet. Ethoxyquin decreased the level of hepatic 20∶4 when fish oil was fed. The results clearly show that all three factors (oil type, Pb level, and ethoxyquin level) after hepatic fatty acid composition. Both oil source and Pb level appeared to exert an effect on the metabolic conversion of 18∶2 and 20∶4. The primary effect of ethoxyquin was to enhance the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver. The data do not allow the partitioning of possible ethoxyquin effects to protection of polyunsaturated acids in feed vs protection of polyunsaturated acids in liver tissue.
The relationship of prenatal maternal anxiety to infant behavior and mother-infant interaction during the first six months of life.

Abstract The IPAT Anxiety Scale was administered to a large sample of primiparous women from an economically disadvantaged population in their third trimester of pregnancy. At birth and at three and six months postpartum, the infants and mothers were assessed using a variety of behavioral and standardized procedures. Results indicate that anxiety was not a factor in the incidence of pregnancy and delivery complications or infant anomalies. Neonatal behavior and mother-infant interaction did differ among the high anxious and the low anxious groups. These differences, however, were only significant for female infants, Results are discussed in terms of practical implications and future research.
Values Education: Extending the View

A number of values education strategies have recently been developed for use in the classroom. The Shaver model described here incorporates a rational decision-making process based on basic moral values. That process involves identifying and clarifying values, value labeling and generalization, examining the possible consequences of value decision, recognizing and resolving value conflict, and forming qualified decisions. It is not, however, necessary to proceed through that exact sequence of steps. For example, values discussion may begin with the teacher helping a students to recognize a value conflict. From that point, the discussion may move the identification and labeling of values. Consequently, there is flexibility in how this model may be used in the classroom. This model is developed on the premise that people who use such a process in making decisions relating to social-ethnical issues enhance their functioning within a democratic society. It is suggested that people who utilize this process in relation to health issues can likewise enhance the effectiveness of their health-related decisions. Hopefully, there will be a yield of postive health behaviors.
Far-field somatosensory evoked potentials in the cat: correlation with depth recording.

We have previously identified, with surface-recording techniques, four potentials (I, II, III, IV) preceding the cortical component of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in the cat. In the present study, we correlated surface and depth activity in the cat by recording SEPs simultaneously from skull electrodes and from depth electrodes placed in the cervical posterior columns, cuneate nucleus, medial lemniscus, inferior cerebellar peduncle, ventral posterior thalamus, and sensory radiation. Latencies and amplitudes of surface- and depth-recorded potentials and their responses to repetitive stimulation were analyzed. Our findings indicate that: (1) component I originates in cervical posterior columns and nucleus cuneatus; (2) component II reflects postsynaptic activity in nucleus cuneatus, medial lemniscus, and inferior cerebellar peduncle; (3) component III-A probably originates in the cerebellar hemispheres; (4) component III-B consists of component III-A and superimposed activity in the ventral posterior thalamus and sensory radiation; and (5) component IV originates in the sensory radiation.
The use of focus groups in the development of the PROMIS pediatrics item bank

To understand differences in perceptions of patient-reported outcome domains between children with asthma and children from the general population. We used this information in the development of patient-reported outcome items for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatrics project. We conducted focus groups composed of ethnically, racially, and geographically diverse youth (8–12, 13–17 years) from the general population and youth with asthma. We performed content analysis to identify important themes. We identified five unique and different challenges that may confront youth with asthma as compared to general population youth: (1) They experience more difficulties when participating in physical activities; (2) They may experience anxiety about having an asthma attack at anytime and anywhere; (3) They may experience sleep disturbances and fatigue secondary to their asthma symptoms; (4) Their health condition has a greater effect on their emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships; and (5) Youth with asthma report that asthma often leaves them with insufficient energy to complete their school activities, especially physical activities. The results confirm unique experiences for children with asthma across a broad range of health domains and enhance the breadth of all domains when creating an item bank.
Objective evaluation of competence: technical skills in gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Documentation or an individual trainee's competence in gastrointestinal endoscopy has relied on the opinion or supervisors. Recommendations about the minimum number or procedures required to attain technical competence has relied on expert opinion. Recently, objective data about procedural competence have been collected. These data suggest that the mean number or procecures required to approach technical competence is higher than that recommended by experts. The data can be used to give a more accurate and objective evaluation or each trainee, as well as to develop objective guidelines about the minimum number or procedures to be accomplished during training. In addition, objective grading systems can be applied to other surgical and nonsurgical procedures
Über Eisen(III)-Verbindungen in chloridhaltigen Verteilungssystemen

Bei der Extraktion von Eisen(III)-chlorid aus salzsauren Losungen mit 1–5% Tributylphosphat in Benzol wird das Eisen aus konzentrierter Salzsaure als Tetrachloroeisensaure, aus schwacheren Sauren als FeCl3 extrahiert. Die aus der Beziehung K=a · cx berechneten Solvationszahlen ergeben fur das Eisen(III)-chlorid die Formel FeCl3 · 3TBP, fur die Tetrachloroeisensaure die Verbindung H[FeCl4] · 2TBP. Bei der Extraktion von Eisen(III)-chlorid aus fast neutralen Calciumchloridlosungen weisen analytische Daten, Absorptionsspektren und konduktometrische Titrationen auf Calciumchloroferrate hin; die fruher angenommene Extraktion als Tetrachloroeisensaure aus neutralen chloridhaltigen Losungen ist unwahrscheinlich.
Cycle prefix digraphs for symmetric interconnection networks

Motivated by the study of large graphs with given degree and diameter, and the recent interest in the design of highly symmetric interconnection networks (e.g., the study of Cayley digraphs), we are led to the search for large vertex symmetric digraphs with given degree and diameter. The main result of this paper is the construction of a new class of vertex symmetric directed graphs, Γδ(D) (δ ≥ D) that have degree δ, diameter D, and (δ + 1)δ … (δ – D + 2) vertices. The graphs Γδ(D) are first found in the notation of Cayley coset digraphs. Then, we discover that they have a very simple representation in terms of sequences like the commonly studied networks such as the hypercube, de Bruijn graphs, and Kautz graphs. Based on the sequence representation, we give a simple shortest-path routing scheme. We also show that the average distance in our digraph Γδ(D) is very close to its diameter D. As a consequence, it follows that the natural routing scheme, which is even simpler than the shortest-path routing, is nearly optimal on an average basis. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of Glucose Analog Supplementation on Metabolic Flux Distribution in Anaerobic Chemostat Cultures of Escherichia coli

Previous work in our laboratories investigated the use of methyl alpha-glucoside (alpha-MG), a glucose analog that shares a phosphotransferase system with glucose, to modulate glucose uptake and therefore reduce acetate accumulation. The results of that study showed a significant improvement in batch culture performance and a reduction in acetate excretion without any significant effect on the growth rate in complex medium. The current study investigates the effect of supplementing the culture medium with the glucose analog alpha-MG on the metabolic fluxes of Escherichia coli under anaerobic chemostat conditions at two different dilution rates. Anaerobic chemostat studies utilizing complex media supplemented with glucose or glucose and alpha-MG at dilution rates of 0.1 and 0.4 h(-1), were performed, and the metabolic fluxes were analyzed. It was found that the addition of the glucose analog alpha-MG has an effect on the specific production rate of various extracellular metabolites. This effect is slightly greater at the higher dilution rate of 0.4 h(-1). However, the glucose analog does not cause any major shift in the central metabolic patterns. It was further observed that alpha-MG supplementation does not result in the reduction in specific acetate synthesis rate in anaerobic chemostat cultures. These results emphasize the importance of testing different strategies for metabolic manipulation under the actual operating conditions.
901-65 Adenosine A1Receptor Activation Suppresses Torsade De Pointes by Opening ATP Sensitive K+ Channels in Rabbits

Background Torsade de pointes (TDP) is thought to result from early afterdepolarizations (EADs). Although it has been shown that adenosine can suppress catecholamine-induced EADs in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes, its effects on TDP in vivo are uncertain. Methods TDP was induced in 25 anesthetized rabbits weighing 3-4 kg by simultaneous intravenous infusion of methoxamine, an α 1 -adrenoceptor agonist (70 nmol/kg/minl, and clofilium, a blocker of the delayed rectifier K + channel (76 nmol/kg/minl. AfterTDP was initiated, saline (n = 6) orthe adenosine A l receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA, 1.3 mg/kg, n = 61 was infused. Two additional groups were pretreated with propranolol (2 /-Lmol/kg, n = 7), aβ-adrenoceptor blocker, or glibenclamide (10μmol/kg, n = 6). an ATP sensitive K+ channel (I K-ATP ) blocker. prior to R-PIA infusion. Suppression of TOP saline R-PIA R-PIA/propranolol R-PIA/glibenclamide 0/6 5/6 * 6/7 * 2/6 * p l 0,05 vs saline Results Suppression of TDP in the R-PIA and the R-PIA/propranolol groups was not associated with shortening of the QT interval (baseline: 205 ± 9 ms, onset of TDP: 344 ± 10 ms, after suppression of TDP: 400 ± 40 ms [p l NS vs onset of TDP). mean ± SD). but with reduction of QT interval dispersion (2.7 ± 0,5%,7,5 ± 1,1%, and 4.2 ± 0,7% [p l 0.05 vs onset of TDP], respectively). as measured from 6 limb leads. Conclusion Adenosine A 1 receptor activation suppresses TDP induced by K + channel blockade primarily by opening I K-ATP , rather than byantagonizing β-adrenoceptor mediated mechanisms. This effect is associated with reduced QT interval dispersion, but not with QT interval shortening.
A Study of Spatially-Resolved Non-Equilibrium in Laser-Irradiated Graphene Using Boltzmann Transport Equation

Raman spectroscopy is typically used to characterize graphene in experiments and also to measure properties like thermal conductivity and optical phonon lifetime. The laser-irradiation processes underlying this measurement technique include coupling between photons, electrons and phonons. Recent experimental studies have shown that e-ph scattering limits the performance of graphene-based electronic devices due to the difference in their timescales of relaxation resulting in various bottleneck effects. Furthermore, recently published thermal conductivity measurements on graphene are sensitive to the laser spot size which strengthens the possibility of non-equilibrium between various phonon groups. These studies point to the need to study the spatially-resolved non-equilibrium between various energy carriers in graphene. In this work, we demonstrate non-equilibrium in the e-ph interactions in graphene by solving the linearized electron and phonon Boltzmann transport equations (BTE) iteratively under steady state conditions. We start by assuming that all the electrons equilibrate rapidly to an elevated temperature under laser-irradiation and they gradually relax by phonon emission and reach a steady state. The electron and phonon BTEs are coupled because the e-ph scattering rate depends on the phonon population while the rate of phonon generation depends on the e-ph scattering rate. We used density-functional theory/density-functional perturbation theory (DFT/DFPT) to calculate the electronic eigen states, phonon frequencies and the e-ph coupling matrix elements. We calculated the rate of energy loss from the hot electrons in terms of the phonon generation rate (PGR) which serve as an input for solving the BTE. Likewise, ph-ph relaxation times are calculated from the anharmonic lattice dynamics (LD)/FGR. Through our work, we obtained the spatially resolved temperature profiles of all the relevant energy carriers throughout the entire domain; these are impossible to obtain through experiments.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Applications of Magnetic Resonance to the Study of the Lung

Antonio G. Cutillo, M.D., editor Futura Publishing Company, Inc., Armonk, NY, 1996, $98.00, pp. 607, ISBN:0–87993–611–8
Demystifying Japan's Economic Recovery

After having undergone protracted economic doldrums, Japan has begun to attract the world's attention. Prime Minister Shintaro Abe, taking office in September 2006, pledged to continue his predecessor's reforms while looking to closer economic ties with Japan's neighboring countries. This paper examines the challenges the Abe administration must address, the reforms the administration still needs to tackle, and the problems that lie ahead. It starts with an evaluation of Japan's economic condition from a long-term perspective, especially the drastic change in its labor market and its rapidly aging society. It then discusses the unfinished reforms the government is facing—restored fiscal balances, a less-regulated economy both at home and abroad, and a new innovation-driven growth path. In sharp contrast to his single-minded and charismatic predecessor, Prime Minister Abe has taken a less spectacular and more nuanced stance toward reforms. A more market-principled Japan will create increased competitive conditions for economic players in both the private and public sectors. Japan's economy will face a precarious state—swinging between an economy armed with marketbased principles (but suffering from a “growth pain”) and an “ugly Japan” that divides the haves and the have-nots.