cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunose) ecotypes

Abstract Pitted morningglory is an adaptable species with an indigenous range encompassing the southern Midwest and southeast United States. In 2000 through 2002, 64 pitted morningglory accessions from 11 states were grown in Fayetteville, AR, to compare their morphology in a common environment to document potential morphological variation and to determine whether variation proves the existence of pitted morningglory morphological ecotypes. Accessions were evaluated for leaf size and vine length 8 wk after emergence (WAE), date of flower initiation, flower color, leaf pubescence 12 WAE, capsule and sepal pubescence, sepal length and width, plant weight, and seed number at physiological maturity. Morphological variables were standardized and analyzed with cluster analysis to differentiate the morphological variation among accessions. Documented variation was best described by eight clusters. Four clusters distinguished themselves morphologically. Accessions within these distinct clusters were originally fr...
Automated estimation of regurgitant volume and effective orifice area from color Doppler echocardiography

Color Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of valve regurgitation could be improved using a quantitative approach. While techniques have been proposed and utilized in research, their limitations restrict widespread clinical utilization. We have developed an approach to address several of these limitations and have tested the methodology in an in vitro model with flow through restrictive orifices under a wide range of operating conditions. Doppler images of flow velocities along the centerline path through the orifice were digitally acquired and processed to extract the distance (IAD) between aliasing boundaries proximal to the orifice. Flow rate and effective orifice area were computed from each IAD and compared to reference measurements. Calculated e (y=1.07x-22.8, r=0.97) and EOA (y=1.09x-0.03, r=0.98) demonstrated strong agreement with reference measurements. The IAD technique may improve the estimation of regurgitant volume and effective orifice area.
Field Evaluation of the Restorative Capacity of the Aquifer Downgradient of a Uranium In-Situ Recovery Mining Site

A two-part field study was conducted in Smith Ranch-Highland in-situ recovery (ISR) near Douglas, Wyoming, to evaluate the restorative capacity of the aquifer downgradient (i.e., hydrologically downstream) of a Uranium ISR mining site with respect to the transport of uranium and other potential contaminants in groundwater after mining has ceased. The study was partially conducted by checking the Uranium content and the alkalinity of separate wells, some wells had been restored and others had not. A map and in-depth procedures of the study are included.
Predicting Responses to Bids for Sexual and Romantic Escalation in Cross-Sex Friendships

ABSTRACTThe transition from a platonic cross-sex friendship to a more intimate sexual and/or romantic relationship is an interesting, yet somewhat understudied, phenomenon. In this study, we introduce and test relationship adaptation theory to predict cross-sex friends’ predispositions for reciprocating a bid for escalation to an exclusive dating or friends with benefits (FWB) relationship. Analyses of data collected from 288 participants found participants’ dating status, anticipated rewards from escalating the relationship, expected social disapproval, friendship quality, and their friend’s attractiveness predicted disposition to reciprocating a cross-sex friend’s hypothetical bid for escalation to an exclusive romantic escalation. In addition, participants’ biological sex, anticipated rewards from escalating the relationship, expected social disapproval, sexual permissiveness, and their friend’s attractiveness emerged as predictors of disposition toward a friend’s hypothetical bid to escalate a platoni...
Determination of the In Vivo Oxygen Flux into the Eye

The cornea of the mammalian eye is a unique tissue in two respects. It is the only transparent connective tissue and it is the only tissue that obtains some of the oxygen needed for its metabolic processes directly from the air. Although not obvious, it is nevertheless true that the normal transparency of the cornea can be maintained only if there is an adequate oxygen supply to its front surface. The open eye receives this oxygen from the air, the closed eye receives oxygen from the capillary bed on the underside of the eyelid.
Independent Control of Identical Magnetic Robots in a Plane

Magnetic micro robots have been proposed for applications in minimally invasive surgery and cell manipulation in biological experiments. A major challenge of manipulating multiple magnets at the microscale is addressing them individually using global magnetic fields. In particular, it is difficult to control magnets, which are identical in all aspects. This work proposes a force control method to manipulate multiple magnets by utilizing spatially varying gradients of the magnetic field with stationary electromagnetic coils. This approach is demonstrated using simulations and experiments on a macroscopic, planar system with two identical magnets controlled by four stationary electromagnets using visual feedback control. Simulation results show that this control strategy is also relevant for microscale systems by simulating a low Reynolds number environment.
Treg adoptive therapy: is more better?

In this issue of Blood , [Brunstein et al][1] report on “Umbilical cord blood–derived T regulatory cells to prevent GVHD: kinetics, toxicity profile, and clinical effect.” This is an important study demonstrating the potential for adoptive regulatory T-cell (Treg) therapy as effective graft-
Remedial-Math Workshop: Opening Doors to Graduation

ABSTRACTAbout half of students attending community colleges leave school before finishing their intended goals. To increase students’ retention and to prevent the multiple-repeater problem, Queensborough Community College (QCC) offered a short-term workshop for remedial-mathematics students. This was another chance to exit remediation instead of repeating a semester-long course. During the winter session of 2015 at QCC, 96% of the students enrolled in the remedial-mathematics workshop had successfully completed the remedial-mathematics requirement. The workshop consisted of group-centered activities that involved an intense problem solving approach. Students worked in small groups of multiple-repeater students (failed the remedial-mathematics course two or more times) and first-time-repeater students (failed once the remedial-mathematics course and scored at least 52 on the CUNY Elementary Algebra Final Examination) to master important algebraic concepts taught in the remedial-mathematics course. We will ...
The Chicago School and the Ethnic Economy

Reviewing authorities of the Chicago school of urban sociology, especially Robert Park, this paper argues that Chicago's urban sociology wrongly understood the operation of the real estate market for lack of empirical knowledge of ethnic economies.
Bleeding Heart: A Review for Growers

A favorite garden flower for centuries, bleeding heart or old-fashioned bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis) is also used as a potted plant and in floral arrangements. Most general gardening guides include information on growing conditions but provide few specifics regarding plant growth and development that are important to those interested in commercial cultivation and use in the floral industry. Although uncommon in the U.S. floral industry, the plant is adaptable for use as a flowering potted plant and as cut floral stems with potential for year-around availability. This report provides detailed cultural information for this audience with an overview of the history of the species and its unique characteristics. Despite the popularity of the spectacular flower and plant form, until 1997 it was only available in the common pink and white form or a pure white form and exhibited little phenotypic variability. Three new cultivars, Goldheart, Valentine, and Hordival, are now available with distinctive foliage and flower colors. These new cultivars are poised to create much interest among gardeners and cut flower growers. The history, culture, propagation, forced flowering, use as a cut flower, pest management, and pharmacological potential are presented.
Targeting TGF–β for treatment of disease

A new study suggests that stimulating TGF-β production protects against atherosclerosis (1067–1073). But other studies have shown that TGF-β overproduction can cause tissue fibrosis.
WHY ARE THERE BOSSES

This chapter discusses the role of boss as a decision-maker. The role of the boss is delineated and differentiated from that of an employer. An employer is any representative of an enterprise who engages the services of workers for wages or salary. Not all employers are bosses, who superintend, manage, direct, and control the activities of workers. An employer may hire an individual to do a job without trying to control the methods used to accomplish the task. The use of supervision and direction is tied to the coordination and integration of many specific tasks performed by different workers. Division of labor into a sequence of small tasks performed by specialized workers is productive because it allows the workers to accumulate task-specific skills, minimize set-up costs, and facilitate technological progress. When work involves synchronized labor of various types, the measurement of effort either by observing output or monitoring workers is difficult, so inspectors of labor inputs are desirable. The individual who holds the position of inspector has an advantage over the workers in efficiently acquiring information about the uncertain aspects of production.
In vitro performance characteristics of reused ablation catheters.

Background: Prior studies have found that there is a widespread practice of catheter reprocessing in cardiac electrophysiology laboratories. Effects of reprocessing of ablation catheters on temperature sensing and mechanical deflection are not fully known.
'People Don't Forget': The Necessity of Legislative Guidance in Implementing a U.S. Right to Be Forgotten

This Note argues that U.S. policymakers should use the spirit of the EU’s decision in Google Spain to implement an American right to be forgotten — consistent with the U.S. Constitution — in order to regulate the currently unregulated discretion of Google and other search engines in removing search results. Part I outlines the history of the right to be forgotten, the Google Spain decision, and emergence of the right around the world. Part II outlines the current debate in the U.S. and discusses the constitutional and philosophical underpinnings that justify a right to be forgotten. Part III applies the spirit and principles discussed in Parts I and II and proposes a substantive and procedural legislative solution for the U.S. policy silence on search engine regulation and the right to be forgotten. The proposal in Part III sets forth a multifactor balancing test to clarify delisting criteria, as well as options for an appeals process, with the goal of channeling modern developments of the right to be forgotten into a constitutionally sound regulation.
Stromal Hedgehog signaling maintains smooth muscle and hampers micro-invasive prostate cancer.

It is widely appreciated that reactive stroma or carcinoma-associated fibroblasts can influence epithelial tumor progression. In prostate cancer (PCa), the second most common male malignancy worldwide, the amount of reactive stroma is variable and has predictive value for tumor recurrence. By analyzing human PCa protein and RNA expression databases, we found smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are decreased in advanced tumors, whereas fibroblasts are maintained. In three mouse models of PCa, PB-MYC, ERG/PTEN and TRAMP, we found the composition of the stroma is distinct. SMCs are greatly depleted in advanced PB-MYC tumors and locally reduced in ERG/PTEN prostates, whereas in TRAMP tumors the SMC layers are increased. In addition, interductal fibroblast-like cells expand in PB-MYC and ERG/PTEN tumors, whereas in TRAMP PCa they expand little and stromal cells invade into intraductal adenomas. Fate mapping of SMCs showed that in PB-MYC tumors the cells are depleted, whereas they expand in TRAMP tumors and interestingly contribute to the stromal cells in intraductal adenomas. Hedgehog (HH) ligands secreted by epithelial cells are known to regulate prostate mesenchyme expansion differentially during development and regeneration. Any possible role of HH signaling in stromal cells during PCa progression is poorly understood. We found that HH signaling is high in SMCs and fibroblasts near tumor cells in all models, and epithelial Shh expression is decreased whereas Ihh and Dhh are increased. In human primary PCa, expression of IHH is the highest of the three HH genes, and elevated HH signaling correlates with high stromal gene expression. Moreover, increasing HH signaling in the stroma of PB-MYC PCa resulted in more intact SMC layers and decreased tumor progression (micro-invasive carcinoma). Thus, we propose HH signaling restrains tumor progression by maintaining the smooth muscle and preventing invasion by tumor cells. Our studies highlight the importance of understanding how HH signaling and stromal composition impact on PCa to optimize drug treatments.
Comparison of Techniques in a Study of Zinc Self-Diffusion

Self-diffusion in zinc has been used as an instrument for comparison of the absorption and sectioning techniques as a means of studying diffusion. Single crystal as well as poly-crystal samples were used and the temperature range of diffusion extended from 200° to 415°C. For temperatures above 200°C, the data indicate that the results obtained from the absorption technique agree with those obtained from the sectioning technique. The effect on the values of the diffusion coefficient of electroplating vs evaporation as a means of applying the tracer was investigated and no significant difference observed. It was found that an excess or deficiency of tracer did not materially affect the results obtained from the sectioning technique, but invariably caused errors with the absorption technique.
A spectrophotometric study of the behavior of carbohydrates in seventy-nine per cent sulfuric acid

The spectral characteristics of solutions of eighteen representative monosaccharides in 79 per cent sulfuric acid have been determined for solutions maintained for 2 hours at 25° and 15 minutes at 100°. The use of these data for the identification of ketohexoses and 6-desoxyaldohexoses has been pointed out, as has their application to the quantitative determination of certain monosaccharides when present singly or in admixture with other monosaccharides, either as the monosaccharides or as components of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Reusable titanium nitride plasmonic microstructures for intracellular delivery (Conference Presentation)

Efficient drug and biomolecular delivery into cells is an important area of biomedical research. Intracellular delivery relies on porating cell membranes to allow exterior molecules to enter the cell efficiently and viably. Various methods, including optoporation, electroporation, and viral techniques, can deliver molecules to cells, but come with significant drawbacks such as low efficiency, low throughput, and low viability. We present a new laser-based delivery method that uses laser pulses to excite plasmonic, Titanium Nitride (TiN) microstructures for cell poration and offers high efficiency, throughput, and viability. TiN is a promising plasmonic material for laser-based delivery methods due to its high levels of hardness and thermal stability. We fabricate these microstructures by sputtering thin films of TiN on patterned sapphire substrates. We then optimize plasmonic enhancement and stability by investigating different fabrication conditions. We deliver dye molecules, siRNA, and microspheres to cells to quantify poration efficiency and viability by using flow cytometry and by imaging the target cells at defined time intervals post laser irradiation. Additionally, we study temperature effects via simulations and experiments, as well as oxidation of the TiN films over time. We also use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques to study microstructure damage and cell adhesion. Overall, TiN presents a promising opportunity for use as a reusable material in future biomedical devices for intracellular biomolecular delivery and regenerative medicine.
Reconstruction of 3D structures of MET antibodies from electron microscopy 2D class averages.

Dynamics of three MET antibody constructs (IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4) and the IgG4-MET antigen complex was investigated by creating their atomic models with an integrative experimental and computational approach. In particular, we used two-dimensional (2D) Electron Microscopy (EM) images, image class averaging, homology modeling, Rapidly exploring Random Tree (RRT) structure sampling, and fitting of models to images, to find the relative orientations of antibody domains that are consistent with the EM images. We revealed that the conformational preferences of the constructs depend on the extent of the hinge flexibility. We also quantified how the MET antigen impacts on the conformational dynamics of IgG4. These observations allow to create testable hypothesis to investigate MET biology. Our protocol may also help describe structural diversity of other antigen systems at approximately 5 A precision, as quantified by Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMSD) among good-scoring models.
Convergence of Web Services, Grid Services and Business Processes

The "Grid" and "Web services" are two of the fastest growing and most discussed areas in academic and commercial computing literature. Mergers, acquisition, partnerships and economic dynamics are driving commercial investment in business process (re)-engineering. This talk will discuss the recent and important convergence of many of these concepts into enterprise service architectures, which are forming the base for the next generation ofcommercial and academic distributed computing.
An Examination of the Importance of Strain in the Cannabis Gateway Effect

Gateway theory has been the source of much debate in both the research literature and public policy. Support for gateway sequencing has been mixed, especially in research that has considered the role of criminological variables in the etiology of substance use. For example, limited prior research has observed as important in gateway sequencing the effects of severe stressors. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health are utilized to test gateway theory and examine whether severe stressors affect the relationship between frequency of cannabis use and later use of other illicit drugs (OIDs). Findings suggest that while frequency of cannabis use does increase the likelihood of later use of OIDs, this relationship may be the result of the common cause of experiencing severe stress. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Navigating the contested terrain of teacher education policy and practice: Introduction to the special issue

In the policy climate where various actors claim to have the solutions for the enduring challenges of teacher education, policy deliberations sideline certain voices. This introduction to the special issue explores policy contestations surrounding teacher education and highlights some of the perspectives overlooked by policy debates. It lays out new priorities for the teacher education community to ensure that the profession’s collective voice would be heard by policy-makers and by the public at large.
Prevalence Rates of Hypertension Self-care Activities Among African Americans

Background A comprehensive understanding of the self-care activities that contribute to blood pressure control may explain health disparities experienced by African Americans with hypertension. This study assessed the prevalence of self-care activities among African Americans with high blood pressure and examined differences between adherers and nonadherers to self-care activities. Methods Interviews were conducted with 186 African Americans. Self-care activities were measured using the H-SCALE (Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects), which was developed to assess the behavioral activities recommended for optimal management of high blood pressure. Results More than half of participants reported adhering to medication recommendations and prescribed physical activity levels (58.6% and 52.2%, respectively). Following practices related to weight management was less frequent, (30.1%) and adherence to low-salt diet recommendations was also low (22.0%). Three-fourths were nonsmok-ers and 65% abstained from alcohol. Across the self-care activities, adherers were more likely to be older and female. Nonadherers were more likely to be uninsured. Conclusions Many African Americans still face challenges related to hypertension self-care, particularly with weight management and salt reduction. The H-SCALE was a valid and reliable measure of hypertension self-care activities. In addition to monitoring blood pressure, health care providers should assess patients' hypertension self-care activities using the H-SCALE.
Geldanamycin reduced brain injury in mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage

We investigated the effect of the heat shock protein inducer geldanamycin on the development of secondary brain injury after ICH in mice. The effect of the drug at two different concentrations was evaluated at two time points: 24 and 72 h after ICH induction. In the first part of this study, a total of 30 male CD-1 mice were randomly divided into four groups: one sham group and three ICH groups. ICH animals received either an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or geldanamycin (1 or 10 mg/kg). Neurological deficits and brain water content were evaluated 24 h after ICH. In the second part of this study, the effect of a high concentration of geldanamycin was evaluated 72 h after ICH. Neurological deficits were evaluated by the Garcia neuroscoring, wire hanging and beam balance tests. For estimation of brain water content, the “wet/dry weight” method was used. We demonstrated that administration of geldanamycin (10 mg/kg) ameliorated ICH-induced increase of brain water content significantly in both parts of the study. Geldanamycin improved the neurological outcome according to performance on Garcia and beam balance tests in the 72 h part of this study. Geldanamycin-induced induction of heat shock protein after ICH has a neuroprotective effect and may be a therapeutic target for ICH.
Cultural and community resources protect Latino migrant day laborers from discrimination-related distress.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between discrimination and psychological distress in Latino migrant day laborers (LMDLs), including potential protective factors: access to cultural resources (e.g., festivals, people from one's country of origin), including community services perceived to be culturally competent, and contact with family in country of origin (e.g., phone/text, visits). Findings expand our understanding of discrimination-related psychological distress, in a particularly stigmatized population of Latinos, and how cultural and community resources may help mitigate discrimination-related distress. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 344 LMDLs in the San Francisco Bay Area from February to July 2014. Participants were 46.5% Mexican and 50.7% Central American, 91.9% undocumented, and 40.5 years of age on average (SD = 10.8). Mediation and moderation analyses tested whether protective factors would mitigate discrimination-related distress. RESULTS Discrimination was related to depression, anxiety, and desesperacion, the latter a popular Latino idiom of psychological distress, and this relationship was mediated by access to cultural resources and use of culturally competent community services. CONCLUSIONS Culturally competent community services, including cultural resources from country of origin, may help mitigate discrimination-related distress in LMDLs. However, such interventions are likely to have diminishing returns unless the structural vulnerability of LMDLs is addressed (e.g., expanding work authorization, sanctuary city ordinances). Implications for future research include developing multilevel measures of LMDL discrimination that include structural factors perceived as discriminatory (i.e., antiloitering city ordinances, immigration control). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Wednesday, September 26, 2018 7:35 AM–9:00 AM ePosters: P67. Efficacy of PROMIS pain interference and Likert pain scores to assess function in spine patients

BACKGROUND CONTEXT The Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) is a universal, validated set of PRO tools that may capture clinical information more completely than other traditional methods. By comparing the correlations between PROMIS PF, PI and Likert pain scales (0=no pain to 10=worst pain), we aim to demonstrate if this is the case with these three instruments. Such information is important as healthcare shifts to a value-based medicine model with a focus on efficiency, as well as high quality care at an affordable cost. PURPOSE (1) To determine the correlation of the PROMIS Pain Interference (PI) domain with self-reported function, as determined by PROMIS physical function (PF) domain scores; (2) to determine the correlation of the Likert pain scale with self-reported function, as determined by PROMIS physical function (PF) domain scores; (3) to determine whether the PROMIS PI domain or Likert pain scale is more strongly correlated with self-reported physical function. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected patient-reported outcome (PRO) data. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients presenting at an outpatient spine care office from 2/2015 to 11/2017. OUTCOME MEASURES PROMIS PF; PROMIS PI; 0-10 Likert Pain Scale. METHODS Outpatient spine center patients from 2/2015 to 11/2017 were asked to complete PROMIS PF and PI domains, as well as to report their pain level on a 0 (no pain)-10 (worst pain) Likert scale at each visit. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between PROMIS PF and PROMIS PI; PROMIS PI and Likert pain scale; and PROMIS PF and Likert pain scale. The absolute value of each correlation was taken for ease of analysis. The Fisher r-z transformation method was utilized for confidence intervals and to determine significant correlation differences. RESULTS A total of 21,774 first visit, 11,130 second visit, 6,575 third visit, 4,202 fourth visit and 2,819 fifth visit patients’ data were recorded. PROMIS PF demonstrated a low significant correlation with the Likert pain scale over all visits (r=0.46–0.49, p CONCLUSIONS While PROMIS PI and the Likert pain scale both demonstrated significant correlation with self-reported physical function, PROMIS PI had a significantly stronger correlation. This suggests PROMIS PI may better capture the impact of pain on patient health than the Likert pain scale.
Behavioral Compensations and Neuronal Remodeling in a Rodent Model of Chronic Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Low back pain is associated with degeneration of the intervertebral disc, but specific mechanisms of pain generation in this pathology remain unknown. Sensory afferent nerve fiber growth into the intervertebral disc after injury-induced inflammation may contribute to discogenic pain. We describe a clinically relevant behavioral phenotype in a rodent model of chronic intervertebral disc degeneration which provides a means to map sensory neuron changes to a single affected lumbar intervertebral disc. Unilateral disc puncture of one lumbar intervertebral disc revealed a bilateral behavioral phenotype characterized by gait changes and decreased activity. Moreover, neurons extracted from the dorsal root ganglia in animals with intervertebral disc injury demonstrated altered TRPV1 activation in vitro independent of exogenous NGF administration. Finally, neuronal nuclear hypertrophy and elevated expression of p75NTR provide evidence of active adaptation of innervating sensory neurons in chronic intervertebral disc degeneration. Therefore, this model and findings provide the template for future studies to establish specific mechanisms of nociceptive pain in chronic intervertebral disc degeneration.
Model-free reinforcement learning with model-based safe exploration: Optimizing adaptive recovery process of infrastructure systems

Abstract Extreme events represent not only some of the most damaging events in our society and environment, but also the most difficult to predict. Model-based predictions of the disruptions induced by extreme events on urban infrastructure systems are often unreliable, as these events are unlikely by their very definition. Specifically, characterizing the effect of such disruptions to the urban infrastructure using a parameterized model is a difficult task. On the other hand, model-free approaches based on recent advancements in reinforcement learning can model the complex dynamics of urban society and infrastructure under the risk of extreme events explicitly without relying on any specific physics-based mechanism. However, these approaches usually require performing random exploration of the effects of management actions on the system (typically in the post-event situation) to allow for an acceptable approximation to the optimal management policy. When dealing with costly infrastructure systems and important communities, this random exploration can be unacceptable and risky. In this paper, we propose a method called Safe Q-learning, which is a model-free reinforcement learning approach with addition of a model-based safe exploration for near-optimal management of infrastructure system pre-event and their recovery post-event. Our method requires the decision-maker to model the structure of the state space of the problem, and a suitable equilibrium of the system (optimum functionality pre-event). This information is usually available for urban systems, as they spend long time in optimum equilibrium before the occurrence of such events. We show on several examples of infrastructure management how the proposed approach is able to achieve near-optimal performance without the risk due to random exploration.
Review: Theatre and Cartographies of Power: Repositioning the Latina/o Americas .

Book review of Theatre and Cartographies of Power Repositioning the Latina/o Americas, an anthology of essays on Latin American and Latinx theatre-making. Edited by Analola Santana and Jimmy A. Noriega. Southern Illinois University Press, 2018.
The potency of inducers of NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase parallels their efficiency as substrates for glutathione transferases. Structural and electronic correlations.

Induction of glutathione transferases (EC. 2.5.1.18), NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2; quinone reductase) and other detoxification enzymes is a major mechanism for protecting cells against the toxicities of electrophiles, including many carcinogens. Although inducers of these two enzymes belong to many different chemical classes, they nevertheless contain (or acquire by metabolism) electrophilic centres that appear to be essential for inclusive activity, and many inducers are Michael reaction acceptors [Talalay, De Long & Prochaska (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 85, 8261-8265]. The inducers therefore share structural and electronic features with glutathione transferase substrates. To define these features more precisely, we examined the inductive potencies (by measuring quinone reductase in murine hepatoma cells) of two types of glutathione transferase substrates: a series of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes bearing para-oriented electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents and a wide variety of other commonly used and structurally unrelated glutathione transferase substrates. We conclude that virtually all glutathione transferase substrates are inducers, and their potencies in the nitrobenzene series correlate linearly with the Hammett sigma or sigma- values of the aromatic substituents, precisely as previously reported for their efficiencies as glutathione transferase substrates. More detailed information on the electronic requirements for inductive activity was obtained with a series of methyl trans-cinnamates bearing electron-withdrawing or -donating substituents on the aromatic ring, and in which the electronic densities at the olefinic and adjacent carbon atoms were measured by 13C n.m.r. Electron-withdrawing meta-substituents markedly enhance inductive potency in parallel with their increased non-enzymic reactivity with GSH. Thus, methyl 3-bromo-, 3-nitro- and 3-chloro-cinnamates are 21, 14 and 8 times more potent inducers than the parent methyl cinnamate. This finding permits the design of more potent inducers, which are important for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of induction.
Diagnostic value of CT contrast extravasation for major arterial injury after pelvic fracture: A meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose We conducted a meta-analysis to determine diagnostic performance of CT intravenous contrast extravasation (CE) as a sign of angiographic bleeding and need for angioembolization after pelvic fractures. Materials and methods A systematic literature search combining the concepts of contrast extravasation, pelvic trauma, and CT yielded 206 potentially eligible studies. 23 studies provided accuracy data or sufficient descriptive data to allow 2x2 contingency table construction and provided 3855 patients for meta-analysis. Methodologic quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were synthesized using bivariate mixed-effects logistic regression. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2-statistic. Sources of heterogeneity explored included generation of scanner (64 row CT versus lower detector row) and use of multiphasic versus single phase scanning protocols. Results Overall sensitivity and specificity were 80% (95% CI: 66–90%, I2 = 92.65%) and 93% (CI: 90–96, I2 = 89.34%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed pooled sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 89% for 64- row CT compared to 69% and 95% with older generation scanners. CE had pooled sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 92% with the use of multiphasic protocols, compared to 74% and 94% with single-phase protocols. Conclusion The pooled sensitivity and specificity of 64-row CT was 94 and 89%. 64 row CT improves sensitivity of CE, which was 69% using lower detector row scanners. High specificity (92%) can be maintained by incorporating multiphasic scan protocols.
Bayesian sparse learning with preconditioned stochastic gradient MCMC and its applications

Abstract Deep neural networks have been successfully employed in an extensive variety of research areas, including solving partial differential equations. Despite its significant success, there are some challenges in effectively training DNN, such as avoiding overfitting in over-parameterized DNNs and accelerating the optimization in DNNs with pathological curvature. In this work, we propose a Bayesian type sparse deep learning algorithm. The algorithm utilizes a set of spike-and-slab priors for the parameters in the deep neural network. The hierarchical Bayesian mixture will be trained using an adaptive empirical method. That is, one will alternatively sample from the posterior using preconditioned stochastic gradient Langevin Dynamics (PSGLD), and optimize the latent variables via stochastic approximation. The sparsity of the network is achieved while optimizing the hyperparameters with adaptive searching and penalizing. A popular SG-MCMC approach is Stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD). However, considering the complex geometry in the model parameter space in nonconvex learning, updating parameters using a universal step size in each component as in SGLD may cause slow mixing. To address this issue, we apply a computationally manageable preconditioner in the updating rule, which provides a step-size parameter to adapt to local geometric properties. Moreover, by smoothly optimizing the hyperparameter in the preconditioning matrix, our proposed algorithm ensures a decreasing bias, which is introduced by ignoring the correction term in the preconditioned SGLD. According to the existing theoretical framework, we show that the proposed algorithm can asymptotically converge to the correct distribution with a controllable bias under mild conditions. Numerical tests are performed on both synthetic regression problems and learning solutions of elliptic PDE, which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present work.
A Place to Mourn: Why the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is Crucial to American Healing

All memorials offer solace to those who visit, but the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is particularly suited to this cause because of certain aspects of its design. As this article demonstrates, qualities such as its black reflective surface, its gradual increase in height, and the ordering of the names work to create an emotional connection to the names on the wall, bringing them to life and creating a place for grief, and ultimately healing, to occur.
Abstract 12540: Neural Crest Cell-derived Wnt5a Regulates Planar Cell Polarity in Cranial Second Heart Field Progenitor Cells

Introduction: Wnt5a is a known regulator of planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells. It is generally believed that Wnt5a ligands are secreted by the SHF; h...
Abstract P083: Sodium Content Of Menu And Commissary Provisions In Rural Jail Exceed Heart-healthy Dietary Recommendations

Introduction: Incarcerated populations experience nearly two times the risk of Hypertension (HT) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) relative to the general population. Incarcerated individuals lack t...
Schnitzler’s Syndrome: A Diagnostic Consideration in Evaluating the Constellation of Monoclonal Gammopathy and Chronic Urticaria

Schnitzler's syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by intermittent, non-pruritic urticarial rash, fevers, arthralgias, myalgias and monoclonal gammopathy, most commonly of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) subtype. Schnitzler's syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. We report a case of a 56-year-old healthy Caucasian female, who initially presented to the primary care physician's office with complaints of severe generalized fatigue and myalgias involving thighs and calves. Patient subsequently underwent extensive rheumatologic workup, and was treated with multiple courses of steroids with temporary resolution of symptoms. During the course of her workup she was found to have IgM kappa monoclonal gammopathy, and was referred to hematology for further evaluation. The constellation findings of fever, arthralgias, chronic intermittent non-pruritic urticaria, myalgias, and a negative rheumatologic workup in the presence of IgM monoclonal gammopathy raised the suspicion of Schnitzler's syndrome. Following completion of additional workup, she was started on anakinra 100 mg daily with prompt resolution of her symptoms. Due to the rarity of the disease, the diagnosis of Schnitzler's syndrome is often delayed, with an average time to diagnosis being approximately 5 years. The symptoms in most cases can be debilitating and add to significant morbidity as noted in our patient, who required bilateral hip arthroplasty at a much younger age than expected. Published reports discuss the poor quality of life associated with the delayed diagnosis and unawareness of potential end organ damage. With our case report we like to highlight the disease characteristics for an early identification to prevent further organ damage believed to be from chronic inflammation. Early diagnosis and treatment with agents such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors can promptly provide symptomatic relief, reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage.
Not Strictly STEAM: Performance-as-Research as Collaborative Pedagogy to Interrupt Colonial Legacies

“That which We Call A Rose,” (“Rose”) is a multi-media performance-as-research project, with puppets and robots, that I devised with a diverse ensemble of undergraduates and professionals to explore questions about planetary nomenclature, climate change, and colonization. “Rose” explicitly challenges andro-and euro-centric hegemonies embedded in 21st century space exploration and invites its audiences to do the same. STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) has become a popular pedagogy for K-12 education. Many K-12 STEAM programs claim to put art at the heart of STEM, but often prioritize science content over creative process, falling short of the potential that STEAM holds to foster lifelong learners and innovators who are curious, skilled, and literate across a variety of disciplinary and cultural boundaries. The Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), on the other hand, promotes a K-20 STEAM pedagogy that acknowledges the importance of facilitating young learners’ creative inquiry as well as the potential for mature artists to become equally-valued culture creators across arts, science, and social domains. In this article, I use “Rose” as a case study to query the possibilities of implementing performance-as-research as an essential component of STEAM pedagogies. I examine the ways that artists can invite audiences across multiple social identities to join in processes of performance creation as a means of critical inquiry of STEM fields. The performance-as-research process encourages participant audiences to authentically engage in arts practices as a means of actively combatting social issues such as climate change, professional gender and racial inequity, and the colonialist traditions implicit to contemporary space exploration.
Synthesis of Functionalized Silsesquioxane Nanomaterials by Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbene Insertion into Si-H bonds.

We report carbene insertion into Si-H bonds of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) for the synthesis of highly functionalized siloxane nanomaterials. Dirhodium(II) carboxylates catalyze insertion of aryl-diazoacetates as carbene precursors to afford POSS structures containing both ester and aryl groups as orthogonal functional handles for further derivatization of POSS materials. Four diverse and structurally varied silsesquioxane core scaffolds with one, three, or eight Si-H bonds were evaluated with diazo reactants to produce a total of 20 new POSS compounds. Novel diazo compounds containing a fluorinated octyl group and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore demonstrate the use of highly functionalized substrates. Transformations of aryl(ester)-functionalized POSS compounds derived from this method are demonstrated, including ester hydrolysis and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
Rust Belt Politics: The national NAFTA debate during recent US presidential election cycles

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) once again became a newsworthy topic in the US media, this time during the contested Spring 2008 Democratic primary for the US presidency, particularly from campaign talking-points originating within Midwestern Rust-Belt states. Although the merits of NAFTA were central to the dialogue during this campaign season, similar debate did not warrant deliberation during the time of the general election in the Fall of 2008. An examination of media coverage dedicated to NAFTA in the lead-up to the past three American general elections confirmed these tendencies. Even though the Rust Belt, which is considered the key political toss-up region in the for the US presidency, has the most at stake concerning NAFTA’s effects, it remains to be seen if the trade pact will elicit debate from the presidential candidates during the Fall election in 2012.
Motion Charateristics of a Powder Particle Through the Injection Device with Slats at Finite Reynolds Number

The forces acting on a powder particle moving through the slat in the injection device were analyzed by taking account of the interaction between current and particle, and the drag force was found to play the most important role in flow direction and lift force acting in perpendicular to flow direction was most vital. A model was established describing the particle motion characteristics in the vertical flow, and the relationships between the particle velocity, translation displacement and time were deduced. Motion characteristics of particle along flow direction show that particle velocity increases slowly after acceleration in short time or displacement. Larger particle, as well as particle with greater density, passes farther horizontal displacements and the particle with horizontal velocity and in boundary layer moves instability, which collides with the slat wall easily, while the particle with higher inlet velocity is conveyed more smoothly and steadily.
Studies on the In Vitro Assembly of Bacteriophage φ80 and φ80-Lambda Hybrids

Abstract Suppressor-sensitive (sus) mutants of bacteriophage 80 defective in late functions were classified, by means of in vitro assembly tests, into two complementation groups: head donors and tail donors. Each group of mutants was subdivided, by means of two-factor crosses, into six cistrons. Deletion mapping revealed clustering of tail and also of head cistrons. The two clusters were located in the left arm of vegetative 80 (the tail specifying cluster being distal). In vitro cross complementation between 80 and lambda sus mutants revealed that whereas lambda heads could quite efficiently bind 80 tails to form viable phage, the union of 80 heads and lambda tails was very much less efficient. Deletion mapping of the 80 sus mutants, using both 80 and i80hλ deletion lysogens indicated congruent gross gene arrangement in the two related bacteriophages.
Exchange rate versus credit policy: Analysis with a monetary model of trade and inflation in India

Abstract A general equilibrium model of the trade balance and inflation in India is specified, and empirically analyzed. The model takes into account many important institutional features of India such as foreign exchange rationing, and emphasizes the effects of monetary disequilibrium on the trade balance. Policy simulations compare the dynamic responses to devaluation with the responses to tight credit policy. It is shown that the relative price effects of policies are often significantly offset by perverse liquidity effects which serve to raise absorption. However, the trade balance effects of devaluation are found to be more enduring than those of tight credit policy.
Marketing by CPAs

Abstract Until the late 1970s, the AICPA discouraged commercial advertising and some other marketing tactics by practicing accountants. This study contacted 600 CPAs in the U.S. in an attempt to discover what kinds of marketing they employ, how useful they think it is, and how appropriate do they feel the AICPA's rules and regulations are in regard to marketing an individual CPA's services. Most thought the AICPA was fair. Accountants doing the most marketing tend to be younger males. “Conflict of Interest” was the area of most current concern in light of the ongoing problems of public accounting firms doing both auditing and consulting for the same client. “Newspaper” was the preferred advertising medium. Most of those surveyed were pleased the AICPA relaxed its restrictions on marketing and advertising, even though many CPAs still do not market their services to any great extent. This may change as younger accountants fill leadership positions in U.S. accounting firms.