cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On σ → π∗ transitions in aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract Using extended Huckel molecular orbital wavefunctions, the intensities of the first electronic transitions in naphthalene and anthracene have been computed; they are predicted to be either π → π ∗ or σ → π ∗ . The intensities of the π → π ∗ transitions are found to agree reasonably well with the experimental values, while all of the σ → π ∗ transitions are computed to have considerably smaller intensities. These latter transitions are thus masked by the more intense π → π ∗ bands, which fact explains why they have not been detected so far. The small magnitude of their oscillator strengths is explained by the fact that the higher occupied σ orbitals in aromatic hydrocarbons contain very small contributions from the carbon 2s orbitals.
Cross‐Stimulation: A Rare Complication of Chronic Epicardial Leads

Cross-stimulation is a rare phenomenon that occurs during dual-chamber pacing when the pacing stimulus to one chamber results in the inadvertent capture of the other. Most cases are attributable to intrinsic design features of particular device models or lead malpositioning, and only occur early postimplantation with subsequent spontaneous resolution. We report a case of cross-stimulation occurring in a patient with chronic epicardial leads without loss of lead integrity.
Impact of inflammatory biomarkers on relation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol with incident coronary heart disease: Cardiovascular Health Study

Background Inflammatory factors and low HDL-C relate to CHD risk, but whether inflammation attenuates any protective association of high HDL-C is unknown.
Universal assembly for decigram-scale organic synthesis

Abstract A universal assembly is described which is constructed from T 14 20 ground joints. It may be used for reflux, crystallization, filtration, drying, fractional distillation, and solvent removal in organic preparations on the decigram scale.
Interpretation and its “Metaphysical” Entanglements

Singularism is the view that for a given object of interpretation there must be one and only one admissible interpretation of it. And multiplism is the view that for a given object of interpretation there may be more than one admissible interpretation of it. My book, Rightness and Reasons, argued that singularism and multiplism are logically detachable from the ontological theories of realism and constructivism. This paper extends the range of ontologies to include constructive realism, whose versions include those of Joseph Margolis, Rom Harre, Paul Thom, and Hilary Putnam. They all disagree with both realism and constructivism. But their ontologies are also logically detachable from singularism and multiplism. Finally, the detachability of these ontologies from singularism and multiplism does not preclude wider “metaphysical” considerations (such as intentionality) in a ramified theory of interpretation.
Inhibition of brain histamine metabolism by metoprine

Abstract To study the extent to which histamine methylation accounts for the biosynthesis of histamine metabolites in brain, the effects of the histamine methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitor metoprine were determined on the whole brain levels of tele -methylhistamine ( t -MH), its oxidative metabolite tele -methylimidazoleacetic acid ( t -MIAA), and brain HMT activity in albino rats. Metoprine (5–30 mg/kg) reduced brain t -MH levels by about 75% and caused a dose-dependent reduction (70–90%) in HMT activity 4 hr after administration. Furthermore, the levels of t -MH remaining in each brain after metoprine treatment were significantly positively correlated with the remaining HMT activity of that brain after all doses of drug. Although brain t -MIAA levels were reduced by only 30% 4 hr after metoprine administration, the levels were reduced by about 75% 12 hr after the drug, similar to the reduction in t -MH levels. These findings support previous suggestions that t -MH and t -MIAA in brain arise from brain histamine metabolism, and that brain t -MH synthesis is equivalent to histamine methylation.
Disease in a dynamic landscape: Host behavior and wildfire reduce amphibian chytrid infection

Disturbances are often expected to magnify effects of disease, but these effects may depend on the ecol- ogy, behavior, and life history of both hosts and pathogens. In many ecosystems, wildfire is the dominant natural disturbance and thus could directly or indirectly affect dynamics of many diseases. To determine how probability of infection by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) varies relative to habitat use by individuals, wildfire, and host characteristics, we sampled 404 boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) across Glacier National Park, Montana (USA). Bd causes chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease linked with widespread amphibian declines, including the boreal toad. Probability of infection was similar for females and the combined group of males and juveniles. However, only 9% of terrestrial toads were infected compared to >30% of aquatic toads, and toads captured in recently burned areas were half as likely to be infected as toads in unburned areas. We suspect these large differences in infection reflect habitat choices by individuals that affect pathogen exposure and persistence, especially in burned forests where warm, arid conditions could limit Bd growth. Our results show that natural dis- turbances such as wildfire and the resulting diverse habitats can influence infection across large land- scapes, potentially maintaining local refuges and host behaviors that facilitate evolution of disease resistance.
Effects of solar angle on reflectance from wetland vegetation

A hand-held radiometer was used to gather spectral data from wetland vegetation canopies to determine the effects of solar angle on reflectance. The reflectance of leafless and gramineous canopies was highly dependent on solar angle, while broadleaf canopy reflectance was not. The solar angle effects are quantified, and a method to compensate for differences in solar angle at the time of collection of spectral data is described. It was found that adjusting spectral data for solar angle effects substantially improved remote sensing estimates of biomass.
Characterization of 3 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with different invasion and/or metastatic potentials.

Purpose Proteolytic enzymes may confer specific types of invasion and metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to determine if OSCC that invades adjacent bone has different proteolytic enzyme expression profiles than OSCC that metastasizes to lymph nodes or distant organs. Three OSCC cell lines, BHY, HSC-3, and HN, with known behavior regarding bone invasion and lymph node and distant metastatic profiles, were evaluated. The characteristics of a control, human normal nasal epithelial cell line (HNEC), and BHY, HSC-3 and HN were evaluated with regard to their expression of the matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins. Materials and Methods Expressions of proteolytic enzymes including matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), cathepsin B, and cathepsin L were compared using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry in 3 OSCC cell lines and HNEC. The cell morphologies of these 4 cell lines were compared using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results All OSCC cell lines showed higher expression of all the proteolytic proteins when compared with HNEC, except the HSC-3 cell line showed no difference in the expression of MMP-9. There was no detectable difference at the expression level of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L in any of the OSCC cell lines. However, MMP-9 and EMMPRIN levels were higher in the BHY cell line. According to electron microscopy, the cells of the HSC-3 cell line were the smallest and least differentiated among the 3 OSCC cell lines. The BHY cell line was the most highly differentiated showing interdigitation and numerous cell junctions. Conclusions MMPs play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of oral cancer. MMP-9 might play a more important role than MMP-2 during invasion. Increased expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, and EMMPRIN proteins might be involved in invasion of OSCC to adjacent bone, as they are necessary for the collagen matrix degradation. Increased expression of MMP-3, cathepsin B and L in OSCC might be associated with both invasion and a high incidence of metastasis.
Modification of plastid ultrastructure in tomato leaf cells infected with tobacco mosaic virus.

Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum var. High Pigment Beta) seedlings were inoculated with a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Leaves produced after inoculation and displaying typical TMV symptoms were fixed in glutaraldehyde/acrolein followed by osmium tetroxide; care was taken to process the different-colored portions of the leaves separately. In yellow areas of the leaf both “normal” and abnormal plastids were found. The abnormal plastids were compared with control plastids from uninoculated plants. Three general types of abnormal plastids were encountered and have been characterized as “supergranal,” “thylakoidal,” and “reticulate.” The abnormal plastids were often enlarged and sometimes showed large accumulations of osmiophilic bodies and/or peculiar membrane configurations; many of these were morphologically similar to mutant plastids reported in the literature. Both abnormal and “normal” plastids were found in single “mixed” cells; in fact such phenotypic variation seemed to be characteristic of the palisade parenchyma cells in the yellow areas of the infected leaves while it never was found in controls. Many “mixed” cells also exhibited masses of TMV particles as well as other inclusions characteristic for TMV infections. These results are discussed in the light of other research on plastids found in mutants, experimental treatments, and viral diseases.
BH3-only proteins contribute to steatotic liver ischemia–reperfusion injury

Abstract Background Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) to the liver continues to be a source of significant morbidity, especially in patients with hepatic steatosis. This is a growing problem given the increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. B-cell lymphoma-2 homology 3 -only members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein family are known mediators of cellular apoptosis, although their role in hepatic IRI is still emerging. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Bim and Bid on warm hepatic IRI in the setting of steatosis. Methods Lean and obese Bim and/or Bid wild-type (WT) and double knockout (DKO) mice underwent 60 min of warm hepatic ischemia using a 70% segmental occlusion technique. Obesity and hepatic steatosis were induced using a high fat diet. Hepatocellular injury patterns were compared among lean and steatotic mice after reperfusion. Differences were analyzed using a Student t -test and reported as mean ± standard error of the mean. Results DKO mice were protected from IRI relative to WT. A high fat diet created equal degrees of steatosis in both WT and DKO mice. The IRI was increased in steatotic WT livers; however, DKO mice remained protected relative to WT despite hepatic steatosis. Conclusions The B-cell lymphoma-2 homology 3 -only proteins are important mediators of hepatic IRI in both lean and steatotic livers. These mechanisms have been underappreciated in steatotic liver injury and may be leveraged as targets for intervention in clinical scenarios such as transplant and hypovolemic shock.
The Accuracy of Significance Tests for Slope Variance Components in Multilevel Random Coefficient Models

This study examines the behavior of three tests for significant slope variance in multilevel random coefficient (MRC) models: the Hierarchical Linear Modeling chi-square test, the likelihood ratio test (LRT), and the corrected LRT. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted varying the numbers of groups, group size, and effect size. Results suggest that neither the number of groups nor group size influenced Type I errors. Group size has a stronger effect on power compared with the number of groups. The one-tailed LRT demonstrates the best balance between power and Type I errors. Recommendations for conducting MRC analyses are presented.
Psychoanalysis and the tragic sense of life

Abstract In this paper, psychoanalysis is compared to a phenomenological theory of tragedy in which tragedy is understood as a mode of viewing life that insists on a balance being maintained between human striving for rational understanding and the acceptance of certain irreducibly irrational elements of human experience. Many of the underlying assumptions of psychoanalysis are found to correspond closely to those of the tragic vision of life: the commitment to the search for truth and the understanding of individual experience, paired with a recognition of the inherent limitations of that search and the inevitable relativity of those truths; the belief in the possibility and importance of meaningful individual action without any avoidance of the powerfully determining influence of personal history, prehistory, and intrapsychic structure; the focus on the irreversibly forward flow of time, and the resultant reality of loss that is an absolute dimension of the very process of living. These issues are explored with particular attention to the roles of transference, repressed endopsychic structure, and termination within the psychoanalytic process.
The Dilemmas of the African American Male.

The African American male had a multiplicity of problems in the decade of the 80s. Although the African American male is a visible figure on the scene, he is a member of the least understood and studied of all sex-race groups in the United States (Staples, 1986b). The question is asked, "What is a black man?" He is a husband and father, son and brother, lover and boyfriend, uncle and grandfather, construction worker and sharecropper, minister and ghetto hustler, doctor and mineworker, and auto mechanic and presidential candidate (Marable, 1984, p. 5). Unfortunately, these roles of African American males are distorted by various stereotypes. Skin color evokes a number of negative perceptions. Blacks are frequently labeled as immoral, lazy, violent, and mentally deficient, along with being sexual superstuds, athletes, and rapacious criminals (Hare & Hare, 1984). This is how he is perceived in the public consciousness and how he comes to see and internalize his own role. Due to many years of interacting in a White societal system, the public is rarely exposed to African American males' more prosaic roles of worker, husband, and father (Hare & Hare, 1984; Staples, 1986b). Many factors are related to the dilemmas of the African American male. Clyde Franklin (1984) indicated the cause may lay partially with African American males because of their conviction that they could be men only if they adopted the White male's sex role. The White male has been identified as protective, condescending, and generally patriarchal with respect to women. Dis-
Ethnic Similarities and Differences in the Association of Emotional Autonomy and Adolescent Outcomes: Comparing Euro-American and Asian-American Adolescents

This study has conducted an ethnic comparison on the strength of the association between Individuation, a subscale from the Emotional Autonomy construct presented originally by Steinberg and Silverberg in 1986, and adolescent outcomes in terms of self-esteem and susceptibility to negative peer pressure. Consistent with what was expected, the association between Individuation and lowered self-esteem was more salient among 287 Asian-American adolescent boys than among 1,353 Euro-American adolescent boys. Contrary to what was hypothesized, the association between Individuation and susceptibility to negative peer pressure was more pronounced among 1,573 Euro-American adolescent girls than among 292 Asian-American adolescent girls.
Investigations in array sizing 2. The kubitschek effect

Abstract The Kubitschek Array Correction has been detected and measured in microsphere material for the first time. The introduction of two new techniques made it possible to carry out the necessary length measurements at the 0.01 μm level by optical microscopy.
Integrated intelligent simulation environment

In this article, we describe a new simulation method for engineer ing applications. The architec ture development is one of the most important techniques among the AI research tasks. An integrated intelligent simulation system is a large knowledge integration environment that consists of both symbolic reasoning systems (expert systems) and numerical compu tation packages. These software programs are controlled by a meta-system, which manages the selection, operation and commu nication of these programs. This new architecture can serve as a universal configuration to develop the fifth generation simulation environment for many complicated applications.
Numerical models for predicting tracer profiles in silicon double-oxidation experiments

Standard numerical techniques are used to model the development of tracer profiles in “double-oxidation” experiments involving silicon or silicon-based ceramics. These models are more generally applicable than previously developed analytical models. In particular, the numerical model allows the relative contribution to oxidation by network and interstitial oxygen diffusion through the silica scale to be varied, and can accommodate a position-dependent diffusion coefficient. The results of calculations are compared to previously published profiles.
Sexually different actions of leptin in proopiomelanocortin neurons to regulate glucose homeostasis

Leptin regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis, at least in part, via activation of receptors in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus located in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Females have greater sensitivity to central leptin than males, suggested by a greater anorectic effect of central leptin administration in females. We hypothesized that the regulation of energy balance and peripheral glucose homeostasis of female rodents would be affected to a greater extent than in males if the action of leptin in POMC neurons were disturbed. Male and female mice lacking leptin receptors only in POMC neurons gained significantly more body weight and accumulated more body fat. However, female mice gained disproportionately more visceral adiposity than males, and this appeared to be largely the result of differences in energy expenditure. When maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD), both male and female mutants had higher levels of insulin following exogenous glucose challenges. Chow- and HFD-fed males but not females had abnormal glucose disappearance curves following insulin administrations. Collectively, these data indicate that the action of leptin in POMC neurons is sexually different to influence the regulation of energy balance, fat distribution, and glucose homeostasis.
The gene for X-linked progressive mixed deafness with perilymphatic gusher during stapes surgery (DFN3) is linked to PGK

A linkage analysis has been performed in a large Dutch kindred with progressive mixed deafness with perilymphatic gusher during stapes surgery (DFN3) using a panel of X-chromosomal RFLPs. Tight linkage (zmax=3.07 at Θ=0.00) was demonstrated with the locus for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), which is located at Xq13. Tight linkage was excluded for DXS9 (probe RC8) and DXS41 (probe 99.6) on Xp and for blood clotting factor 9 (FIX) on distal Xq. Deafness is one of the predominant clinical features in males with deletions of the Xq21 band. Our results suggest that this association may be due to involvement of the DFN3 gene.
The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus

Phylogenetic analysis of 38 skeletal characters, 12 muscular characters and 15 visceral characters in 17 major snake clades plus Anomochilus suggests that Anomochilus is the sister taxon of all other living alethinophidian snakes. However, skeletal, muscular and visceral character sets analysed separately or in pairs give four groups of nonconcordant tree topologies. Based on the cladogram derived from the total evidence, two families are erected to prevent the existing family Uropeltidae from becoming parapbyletic: Anomochilidae, for the Malaysian and Indonesian genus Anomochilus , and Cylindrophiidae, for the Sri Lankan, Southeast Asian and Indonesian genus Cylindrophis and the Upper Eocene fossil Eoanilius .
The use of electroencephalography in the practice of psychiatry

Abstract It is inconceivable today that an internist diagnose heart disease without ECG scrutiny of cardiac function, or liver disease without investigation of hepatic function. By the same token, it is imperative that psychiatrists, especially those prescribing drugs, be concerned with cerebral function. Although the EEG is the only easy, noninvasive, and economic method for continuous monitoring of cerebral function, its application in psychiatry has been very limited. However, thanks to progress in psychopharmacology, the development of computer analysis, and the increased need for techniques of objective assessment in psychiatry, in recent years use of the EEG has been rediscovered. Even without computer analysis, the EEG can provide significant information for differential diagnosis, for selection of type and dosage of psychotropic drugs, and for monitoring drug treatment.
Production and functional characteristics of protein concentrates

Protein concentrates derived from common dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) may improve world protein resources, reduce on-site preparation time and expense and provide improved nutrition. Several different methods have been studied for the production of these concentrates, including alkali extraction and isoelectric precipitation, ultrafiltration, air-classification and salt extraction under high salt concentrations. Recent studies using solid-solid dry roasting, pin milling and air-classification resulted in the following percent mass fractions: hull/fiber (10%), coarse/starch (70%) and fine/protein (20%). Results indicated that the protein fractions were approximately 45–50% protein, low in raffinose and stachyose and hadtrypsin inhibitor activity reduced to about half of that of raw beans. Nitrogen Solubility Index (NSI) ranged from 33–70% and was associated with the thermal conditions applied during dry roasting. The flours had a bland flavor without the bitter off-flavors which have traditionally limited the use of dry beans in formulated foods. Most minerals and phytic acid tended to be associated with protein flour; however, although iron may have been bound to phytic acid, its absorption by anemic rats was not hindered by the presence of endogenous phytic acid. These flours produced acceptable products when incorporated into cookies, doughnust, quick breads and leavened doughs.
A Hybrid Solution Method for the Two-Phase Fluid Flow Equations

This paper will present a hybrid solution algorithm for the two-phase flow equations coupled to wall heat conduction. The partial differential equations in the physical model are the same as in RELAP5. The hybrid solution algorithm couples two solution methods, the solution method currently employed by RELAP5 and an implicitly balanced solution method. The RELAP5 solution method provides a fast solution that is “close” to the correct solution. The implicitly balanced solution method provides an accurate solution that is very stable. The resulting hybrid solution method is both fast and accurate. Results will be presented that show the hybrid solution method is more accurate than the RELAP5 solution method for the same size time step. In addition, results will be presented that show when accuracy and CPU time are considered simultaneously that there are ranges when the hybrid solution algorithm is preferred over the RELAP5 solution method.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Thermoneutrality modifies the impact of hypoxia on lipid metabolism

Hypoxia has been shown to rapidly increase triglycerides in mice by decreasing plasma lipoprotein clearance. However, the usual temperature of hypoxic exposure is below thermoneutrality for mice, w...
Robustostrongylus aferensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) in Kob (Kobus kob) and Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus jacksoni) (Artiodactyla) from Sub-saharan Africa, with Further Ruminations on the Ostertagiinae

Abstract Abomasal nematodes (Ostertagiinae: Trichostrongyloidea), representing a previously unrecognized genus and species, were discovered in kob (Kobus kob) and kongoni (hartebeest) (Alcelaphus buselaphus jacksoni) from Uganda during surveys of ungulate parasites in the 1960s. Robustostrongylus aferensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is characterized by a ventriculus-like, bilobed valve at the junction of the esophagus and intestine, a synlophe with unusually robust ridges, cervical papillae and excretory pore situated posterior to the mid-length of the esophagus, a unique body form and large diameter in males and females, a relatively anterior position for the vulva, and strongly convoluted and spiraled ovarian tracks in females. Bursal structure is 2-1-2, with subequal Rays 2/3, strongly reduced and robust Rays 8, and relatively narrow Rays 9/10 contained within a reduced, laterally inflated dorsal lobe. Spicules are filamentous and tripartite; the gubernaculum is cryptic, alate, and heart-shaped in the anter...
Territory and Commitment: The Concert of Europe as Self-Enforcing Equilibrium

The pattern of cooperative behavior seen in the Concert of Europe during the first half of the nineteenth century resulted from a commitment to uphold the settlement, which hinged on the credibility of enforcement threats and a distribution of benefits commensurate with military capabilities. The equilibrium was self-enforcing because the powers that could oppose an alteration of the system had incentives to do so, and the powers that could upset it did not have incentives to do so. This behavior is markedly different from eighteenth-century practices, although no change in state preferences is necessary to explain the change in behavior.
‘Naturalism’ and ‘Skepticism’ in Hume'sTreatise of Human Nature

Hume begins the Treatise of Human Nature by announcing the goal of developing a science of man; by the end of Book 1 of the Treatise, the science of man seems to founder in doubt. Underlying the tension between Hume's constructive ambition – his ‘naturalism’– and his doubts about that ambition – his ‘skepticism’– is the question of whether Hume is justified in continuing his philosophical project. In this paper, I explain how this question emerges in the final section of Book 1 of the Treatise, the ‘Conclusion of this Book’, then examine Janet Broughton's and Don Garrett's answers to it, and conclude by sketching a different approach to this question.
IVIG and HLA Antibodies. Evidence for Inhibition of Complement Activation but Not for Anti‐Idiotypic Activity

The immediate effects of IVIG can be due to the presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies or inhibition of complement, but there is limited data about these possible mechanisms specifically on HLA antibodies (HLA Abs). Potential blocking activity of IVIG on HLA Ab binding and complement activation was investigated by flow cytometry. IVIG did not inhibit the IgG binding of any of 23 sera from sensitized patients containing Abs to several different HLA specificities. In contrast, IVIG produced significant dose-dependent complement inhibition. Low IVIG concentrations could be inhibitory if there was little C3 activation, but high concentrations were needed when C3 was activated more efficiently. The data do not support any significant contribution of anti-idiotypic antibodies against HLA Abs to the activity of IVIG. The results also highlight a relationship between the magnitude of C activation and the C inhibitory effect of IVIG.
Rapid serological detection of autoantibodies associated with Sjögren's syndrome.

Background Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is a relatively common autoimmune disease characterized by oral and ocular dryness. There is an increasing need for simple, sensitive and rapid technologies for the diagnosis of SjS and other autoimmune diseases. Here we investigated whether a quick version of luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (QLIPS) could be used to produce a rapid, specific and quantitative test to detect autoantibodies associated with SjS.
Autonomous wind turbines with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators

In this paper, a vector control mechanism has been suggested and applied to simulate the operation of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) attached to an isolated off-the-grid wind turbine, to demonstrate that these generators can be used at lower costs to control the power quality in stand alone wind turbines. In order to achieve this end, the alignment of the d-axis of the synchronously rotating reference frame is imposed along the stator flux vector. A wide range of sub and super synchronous operating speeds are investigated using a 5th order model. Artificially generated wind speeds are used to acquire variable speed operation. Twenty seconds simulations are presented by feeding the stator d and q current components. The input current components have been drawn from the simulation of a rotor short circuited, grid connected DFIG, starting from rest. The synchronous frequency ω s , and stator voltage components Vref ds and Vref qs are imposed as constant demands in the control equations. Simulations are carried out by independently iteratively solving the differential equations for the magnetizing current and the two rotor current components. Solutions of these equations respectively generate the demands for the d-component of the rotor current, and the two components of the rotor voltage. The demand for the second component of the rotor current is obtained directly from the field alignment condition. The stator current input data also includes a fault induction response to a stator voltage step change. Simulation results faithfully reproduce the initial conditions, indicating the validity of the vector control scheme for stand alone operations of the DFIG.
Percutaneous absorption in experimental epidermal disease

SUMMARY Little is known about the absorption of topical drugs in epidermal disease associated with epidermal proliferation and altered keratinization. An abnormal hairless mouse epidermis was produced by three different methods: ultraviolet light irradiation, topical vitamin A acid and topical acetic acid. An increased epidermal thickness resulted and the in vitro percutaneous absorption of 0.1% (4- 14C) hydrocortisone was found to be increased when compared with normal hairless mouse epidermis. This is evidence for defective skin barrier function in experimental epidermal disease.
Postprandial plasma lipoprotein changes in human subjects of different ages.

Plasma lipoprotein changes were monitored for 12 hr after a fat-rich meal (1 g of fat/kg body weight) in 22 subjects (9 males, 13 females, 22-79 yr old). Plasma triglyceride, measured hourly, peaked once in some subjects, but twice or three times in others. The magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia varied considerably between subjects (range: 650-4082 mg.hr/dl). Males tended to have greater postprandial triglyceridemia than females, and elderly subjects had significantly (P less than 0.05) greater postprandial triglyceridemia than younger subjects. Total plasma cholesterol, measured every three hr, increased significantly (6.0 +/- 2.1%) in 7 subjects, decreased significantly (7.1 +/- 1.2%) in 10 subjects, and remained unchanged in the remainder. Single spin ultracentrifugation and dextran sulfate precipitation procedures were used to quantitate triglyceride and cholesterol in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL, d less than 1.006 g/ml), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Plasma TRL and HDL triglyceride increased after the fat meal, while LDL triglyceride decreased at 3 hr but increased at 9 and 12 hr. TRL cholesterol increased postprandially, while LDL and HDL cholesterol decreased. Phospholipid (PL), free (FC) and esterified (EC) cholesterol measurements were carried out on the plasma and lipoprotein fractions of 8 subjects. Plasma PL increased significantly at 3, 6, and 9 hr after the fat-rich meal, due to increases in TRL and HDL PL. TRL CE increased postprandially, but a greater decrease in LDL and HDL CE caused plasma CE to be decreased. Plasma FC increased, predominantly due to an increase in TRL FC. Plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B both decreased after the fat-rich meal. The magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia was inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol levels (r = -0.502, P less than 0.05) and positively correlated with age (r = -0.449, P less than 0.05), fasting levels of plasma triglyceride (r = 0.636, P less than 0.01), plasma apoB (r = 0.510, P less than 0.05), TRL triglyceride (r = 0.564, P less than 0.01), TRL cholesterol (r = 0.480, P less than 0.05) and LDL triglyceride (r = 0.566, P less than 0.01). Change in postprandial cholesterolemia was inversely correlated with fasting levels of HDL cholesterol (r = -0.451, P less than 0.05) and plasma apoA-I (r = -0.436, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Autoconstructive evolution for structural problems

While most hyper-heuristics search for a heuristic that is later used to solve classes of problems, autoconstructive evolution represents an alternative which simultaneously searches both heuristic and solution space. In this study we contrast autoconstructive evolution, in which intergenerational variation is accomplished by the evolving programs themselves, with a genetic programming system, PushGP, to understand the dynamics of this hybrid approach. A problem size scaling analysis of these genetic programming techniques is performed on structural problems. These problems involve fewer domain-specific features than most model problems while maintaining core features representative of program search. We use two such problems, Order and Majority, to study autoconstructive evolution in the Push programming language.
A method of correcting dose distributions produced by IMRT planning systems

For some complicated cases, the conformality of dose distributions may be improved only with IMRT. Whereas the set treatment goals may be achieved by the inverse treatment planning systems, the dose distributions in the treatment area may not be satisfactory. According to authors' experience, the dose distributions produced by IMRT planning systems (for both tomographic and "step and shoot" methods) demonstrated excessive radiation of posterior neck (in the case of a neck tumor), or high doses to the lungs (in the case of a thoracic spine tumor). Moreover, high dose regions surrounded the spinal cord in both cases. Due to inevitable errors in patient positioning, this may result in overdosage of critical structures. In this work, a method that consists of addition of "pseudo critical structure(s)", that are positioned in areas that require dose reduction, was developed. The shape and size of these "pseudo structure(s)" depend on the position and volume of the areas that need this reduction. The results of our study have demonstrated that the proposed method significantly improved the dose distribution. In the case of a neck tumor, the plans containing "pseudo structure" demonstrated a significant reduction in the dose delivered to the posterior neck (from 90% or 80% to 30%) for both IMRT delivery techniques. For the thoracic spine tumor, the maximum dose to the lung reduced from 59 Gy to 51 Gy (tomographic delivery) and from 61 Gy to 46 Gy ("step and shoot" delivery).
Online professionalism: A synthetic review

The rise of social media has increased connectivity and blurred personal and professional boundaries, bringing new challenges for medical professionalism. Whether traditional professionalism principles apply to the online social media space remains unknown. The purpose of this synthetic literature review was to characterize the original peer-reviewed research studies published between 1 January 2000-1 November 2014 on online professionalism, to assess methodologies and approaches used, and to provide insights to guide future studies in this area. The investigators searched three databases and performed manual searches of bibliographies to identify the 32 studies included. Most studies originated in the USA. Cross-sectional surveys and analyses of publicly available online content were the most common methodologies employed. Studies covered the general areas of use and privacy, assessment of unprofessional online behaviours, consensus-gathering of what constitutes unprofessional or inappropriate online behaviours, and education and policies. Studies were of variable quality; only around half of survey studies had response rates of 50% or greater. Medical trainees were the most common population studied. Future directions for research include public perspectives of online professionalism, impact on patient trust, and how to use social media productively as medical professionals.
Initial Nutritional Assessment of Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Interventions and Return to Birth Weight.

Objective: To assess and quantify cleft team practices with regard to nutritional support in the neonatal period Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Tertiary pediatric hospital. Patients: One hundred consecutive newborn patients with a diagnosis of cleft lip and/or cleft palate between 2009 and 2012. Main Outcome Measures: Birth weight, cleft type, initial cleft team weight measurements, initial feeding practices, recommended nutritional interventions, and follow-up nutritional assessments. Results: All patients in the study were evaluated by a registered dietitian and an occupational feeding therapist. Average birth weight and average age at the first cleft team visit were similar for each cleft type: cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP). The calculated age (in days) for return to birth weight was significantly different between cleft types: CL = 13.58 days, CLP = 15.88 days, and CP = 21.93 days. Exclusive use of breast milk was 50% for patients with CL, 30.3% for pa...
Community Interventions for Survivors and Their Families: A Literature Synthesis

Background Advancements in technology and treatment have increased the survival rate for many cancers. Because many people in the United States who are living with cancer reside in communities, a need exists for community-based interventions for survivors and their families. Objectives The goal of this article is to inform nurses and researchers about current evidence-based community intervention outcomes and make recommendations to support care of community survivors of cancer. Methods A literature search was conducted for community interventions with a survivor component. Fifteen articles were selected for analysis in two categories of community intervention research, women with breast cancer and people with all types of cancer. Findings The literature synthesis indicated that community-based interventions are beneficial to enhancing quality of life and decreasing symptoms in survivors. Exercise, support, and family-centered interventions for children and spouses demonstrated promising results. These findings have implications for nursing practice in communities, where oncology nurses and other professionals can begin concentrating intervention efforts. Additional studies are needed on high-quality, cost-effective, and collaborative community-based interventions for survivors of cancer, including underrepresented populations.
Biomimetic Peptide Nanosensors

The development of a miniaturized sensing platform tailored for sensitive and selective detection of a variety of biochemical analytes could offer transformative fundamental and technological opportunities. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratios, nanoscale materials are extremely sensitive sensors. Likewise, peptides represent robust substrates for selective recognition due to the potential for broad chemical diversity within their relatively compact size. Here we explore the possibilities of linking peptides to nanosensors for the selective detection of biochemical targets. Such systems raise a number of interesting fundamental challenges: What are the peptide sequences, and how can rational design be used to derive selective binders? What nanomaterials should be used, and what are some strategies for assembling hybrid nanosensors? What role does molecular modeling play in elucidating response mechanisms? What is the resulting performance of these sensors, in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and re...
Monitoring Pain Control and Charting

This article discusses the roles of the critical care team in providing pain relief. The attitudes of the staff concerning pain relief impact on the delivery of care. Assessment tools, computer systems, and flow sheets to assist in charting are described. Nurses have a role in use of epidural administration of narcotics, and provide relief with the use of patient-controlled analgesia and general pain relief measures. Pain as a nursing diagnosis, substance abuse in the medical profession, and control of narcotics are also issues discussed.
Romanowsky-Malachowski stains the so-called Romanowsky stain: Malachowski's 1891 use of alkali polychromed methylene blue for malaria plasmodia.

In the course of revising the chapter on neutral stains for the 9th edition of Conn's Biological Stains (1977) two papers of Kingsley (1935, 1937) were encountered. The first seemed to be a rather minor revision of MacNeal's tetrachrome stain, the second was concerned mainly with the inclusion of acetone in the solvent. Kingsley in this 1937 paper made an extensive review of the literature and made the only post-Nocht reference to Malachowski's 1891 publication that we had seen. It was not until much later when we were able to obtain a copy of Malachowski's 1891 paper and to study it in detail that we realized that not only had Malachowski published his results slightly before Romanowsky's 1891 paper, but that he had also anticipated Nocht's (1898) discovery of the use of alkali polychromed methylene blue.
Development situation and countermeasures of Guangdong fruit industry in the first Half of 2014

Guangdong fruit industry development status and the main problems were analyzed, In the first half of2014. Then we proposed exploration fruit regional specialties, branding and standardization, industrialization and diversification strategy, propose measures of accelerating fruit companies e-commerce and supporting fruits insurance policy.
Fluorescence Anisotropy-Based Salt-Titration Approach to Characterize Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions

Many proteins bind nucleic acids (NA) via cationic residues that interact electrostatically with the anionic phosphate backbone of RNA or DNA. These electrostatic interactions are often insensitive to NA sequence and structure, but confer strong salt dependence to the binding interactions. In contrast, salt-independent non-electrostatic contacts reflect more specific binding interactions. Proteins with multiple cationic NA-binding domains connected by flexible linkers, such as the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein, may bind different NA molecules in distinct ways. For example, Gag binding to the Psi-packaging signal of the HIV-1 RNA genome optimizes the specific non-electrostatic binding component of this protein-RNA interaction. In contrast, Gag binding to a non-psi RNA optimizes the electrostatic interactions at the expense of specific contacts. Here, we describe a fluorescence anisotropy-based salt-titration approach that allows complete characterization of both electrostatic and non-electrostatic binding components for any protein-NA complex in a quantitative manner within a single assay.
SU-F-T-642: Sub Millimeter Accurate Setup of More Than Three Vertebrae in Spinal SBRT with 6D Couch

Purpose: To assess the initial setup accuracy in treating more than 3 vertebral body levels in spinal SBRT using a 6D couch. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed last 20 spinal SBRT patients (4 cervical, 9 thoracic, 7 lumbar/sacrum) treated in our clinic. These patients in customized immobilization device were treated in 1 or 3 fractions. Initial setup used ExacTrac and Brainlab 6D couch to align target within 1 mm and 1 degree, following by a cone beam CT (CBCT) for verification. Our current standard practice allows treating a maximum of three continuous vertebrae. Here we assess the possibility to achieve sub millimeter setup accuracy for more than three vertebrae by examining the residual error in every slice of CBCT. The CBCT had a range of 17.5 cm, which covered 5 to 9 continuous vertebrae depending on the patient and target location. In the study, CBCT from the 1st fraction treatment was rigidly registered with the planning CT in Pinnacle. The residual setup error of a vertebra was determined by expanding the vertebra contour on the planning CT to be large enough to enclose the corresponding vertebra on CBCT. The margin of the expansion was considered as setup error. Results: Out of the 20 patients analyzed, initial setup accuracy can be achieved within 1 mm for a span of 5 or more vertebrae starting from T2 vertebra to inferior vertebra levels. 2 cervical and 2 upper thoracic patients showed the cervical spine was difficult to achieve sub millimeter accuracy for multi levels without a customized immobilization headrest. Conclusion: If the curvature of spinal columns can be reproduced in customized immobilization device during treatment as simulation, multiple continuous vertebrae can be setup within 1 mm with the use of a 6D couch.
Density functional theory study on the effect of OH and Cl adsorption on the surface structure of α-Fe2O3

Abstract Hematite (Fe2O3) has been identified as the dominant structure of the outermost layer of the passive film formed on iron surfaces in alkaline environment but chloride has been suggested to play a major role in the depassivation of this passive film under the same conditions. Here we study the effects of OH and Cl adsorption as well as co-adsorption at different coverages on the structure of α-Fe2O3 Fe-terminated (0 0 0 1) surface using DFT + U. The adsorption of both OH and Cl alters the structure of the surface, by affecting mostly the positions of the top two layers. The structural change increases with coverage for two adsorbates on a (1 × 1) surface and the study on a larger (2 × 2) surface shows that the effects are localized. The large effect of the OH and co-adsorption of OH and Cl on the surface suggests that OH could play an important role in the Cl-induced depassivation process.
E-063 Percutaneous Bleomycin Sclerotherapy for Conjunctival Venous and Lymphatic Malformations

Purpose To describe the use of bleomycin in a foam preparation and or undiluted in slow flow vascular lesions that involve the conjunctiva as the sole treatment Material and methods 5 patients with venous malformations, and 2 with lymphatic malformations involving the conjunctiva were treated with various combination bleomycin injections in to the lesion under direct puncture, using various needles and or angio-catheters; and monitored with US or DSA. Results There was significant improvement, or near total resolution in all patients with a follow up of up to 3 years, there were no complications Conclusions The use of bleomycin in various forms appears as a simple, safe and very effective treatment for low flow vascular lesions involving the conjunctiva, avoiding more elaborated and challenging surgical intervention. Disclosures A. Berenstein: None.