cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of the fiber alignment on the behavior of rat osteosarcoma and mouse osteoblast cells

Electrospinning is a promising method to construct biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, but the efficacy depends on how the substrate topography affects cell function. In order to test whether the response of normal and cancerous cells differs, we tested the response of mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and rat osteosarcoma (ROS). Poly (methyl methacrylate) fibers were electrospun into rectangular meshes with fiber diameters of 8.64 mu on a rigid support. Examination of cell morphology revealed that both types of cells can adhere to the scaffolds. In both cases the cells on the fibers were far more oriented than those on the planar surface. The aspect ration of the MC3T3 cells though was significantly larger than that of the ROS cells, indicating that cancer cells may not be able to adapt to the underlying morphology as easily as normal cells.
First principles study of H 2 S adsorption and dissociation on Fe(1 1 0)

Abstract We report first principles density functional theory (DFT) results of H2S and HS adsorption and dissociation on the Fe(1 1 0) surface. We investigate the site preference of H2S, HS, and S on Fe(1 1 0). H2S is found to weakly adsorb on either the short bridge (SB) or long bridge (LB) site of Fe(1 1 0), with a binding energy of no more than 0.50 eV. The diffusion barrier from the LB site to the SB site is found to be small (∼0.10 eV). By contrast to H2S, HS is predicted to be strongly chemisorbed on Fe(1 1 0), with the S atom in the LB site and the HS bond oriented perpendicular to the surface. Isolated S atoms also are predicted to bind strongly to the LB sites of Fe(1 1 0), where the SB is found to be a transition state for S surface hopping between neighboring LB sites. The minimum energy paths for H2S and HS dehydrogenation involve rotating an H atom towards a nearby surface Fe atom, with the S–H bonds breaking on the top of one Fe atom. The barrier to break the first S–H bond in H2S is low at 0.10 eV, and breaking the second S–H bond is barrierless, suggesting deposition of S on Fe(1 1 0) via H2S is kinetically and thermodynamically facile.
The spatial variability of soil resources following long-term disturbance.

The spatial distributions of selected soil properties in two adjacent sites in southwest Michigan were examined to evaluate the potential effects of chronic disturbance on resource heterogeneity. One site was a cultivated field that had been cleared, plowed, and cropped annually for decades prior to sampling while the other, uncultivated field was cleared of original forest in 1960 after which it was mown annually but never plowed or cropped. We took replicate samples from a 330-point unaligned grid across the sites for soil pH, gravimetric moisture, inorganic phosphorus, total carbon, and net nitrification and nitrogen mineralization potentials. Soils in the cultivated site contained less than half as much carbon as in the uncultivated site, but had higher levels of inorganic phosphorus and moisture, and higher soil pH. Potential net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates did not differ between sites. Geostatistical analysis showed that almost all properties examined were strongly autocorelated within each site; structural variance as a proportion of sample variance ranged from 30–95% for all properties, and for any given property differed little between sites. The distance over which this dependence was expressed, however, was for all properties but pH substantially less in the uncultivated site (7–26 m) as compared to the tilled site (48–108m), especially for total C and net nitrification and N mineralization. These results suggest that the spatial pattern and scale of soil variability can differ markedly among edaphically identical sites and that these differences can be related to disturbance history.
Near-surface geophysics: 75 years of progress

Near-surface geophysics is applied to a broad spectrum of problems, and new application areas continue to arise. The noninvasive tools used to examine near-surface earth materials employ electrical, electromagnetic, or mechanical energy sources, along with passive techniques that measure the physical parameters of the earth. Most advances over the past 75 years have emerged from instrument evolution and computer-processing techniques. Societal needs, such as detecting unexploded ordnance following military operations, have driven research efforts. Other compelling factors, such as the need for potable groundwater, the enactment of laws that have spurred geophysical surveying for archaeological purposes, and the necessity for better soil-physics information in geotechnical engineering and agriculture, are present worldwide.
Effects of substrate birefringence on focusing and tracking servo signals in magneto-optical disk data storage.

Using computer simulations based on the diffraction theory of high-N.A. systems, we examine the effects of substrate birefringence on servo signals in magneto-optical disk drives. Our attention is confined to systems that use the methods of push–pull tracking and astigmatic focus-error detection. We show that the amounts of birefringence typically observed in polycarbonate substrates do not in themselves cause problems for the servo channels. However, the presence of residual aberrations in the optical path (astigmatism in particular) can have devastating effects on the magnitude of the track-error signal and the stability of the focusing servo. We show that the combination of substrate birefringence and residual beam astigmatism can either improve or deteriorate the performance of the focusing servo, depending on the orientation of the aberration relative to the principal axes of the substrate.
Effect of supersaturation on the crystallization of phenylbutazone polymorphs

The article describes the effect of degree of supersaturation, σ, on the crystallization of specific polymorphs of phenylbutazone from its methanolic solution at 20 °C. At low initial supersaturation, σ ≤ 2.0, the fraction of the metastable α polymorph in the crystallized product exceeds that of the δ polymorph, while at σ ≥ 5.0, the fraction of the stable δ polymorph increases in the crystallized product. The results are explained by the effect of supersaturation on the relative rates of nucleation and crystal growth of the polymorphs. Furthermore, the mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth also change with supersaturation. Supersaturated methanolic solutions of phenylbutazone exhibit a critical temperature at which the nucleation rates of the polymorphs decrease drastically. This effect is partly explained by the decreased mobility of phenylbutazone molecules at lower temperatures. Nucleation is most rapid when the crystallization temperature is close to the transition temperature, Tt(α ⟷ δ), between the polymorphs, α and δ. The nucleation rate decreases as the temperature difference between Tt(α ⟷ δ) and the crystallization temperature increases. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Outcomes of Parenting Interventions for Child Conduct Problems: A Review of Differential Effectiveness

This review integrates findings from studies formally testing moderators of parenting interventions targeting child conduct problems from ages 1 to 10 with a focus on baseline child problem behavior, sociodemographic risks, and family process risks as moderators. The review examines whether differential effectiveness has been found for individuals at higher versus lower risk across the body of moderator studies of parenting interventions. We conclude that greater problematic child behavior at baseline may, in some cases, be associated with greater benefit from parenting interventions. None of these studies reviewed found reduced effects for those with higher baseline child problem behavior. With regard to sociodemographic and family process risks as moderators, findings are less consistent; however, on the whole, the collection of studies suggests equal effectiveness across levels of risk, with reduced effects for those at higher risk rarely demonstrated. Implications of these conclusions for future research and intervention efforts are discussed.
Provocative ergonovine testing in patients without obstructive coronary disease

Ergonovine administration during coronary angiography is frequently used to rule out coronary spasm as a cause of chest pain. We performed this study to determine which electrocardiographic variables (other than ST segment elevation with pain) and which chest pain characteristics might be predictive of ergonovine test outcome in patients without obstructive coronary disease. Thirty-one patients had an electrocardiogram recorded during chest pain. Three of four patients (75%) who had an ischemic electrocardiogram with pain had a positive ergonovine test while only 1 of 27 (4%) patients who had a nonischemic electrocardiogram during chest pain had a positive ergonovine test (p less than 0.001) Pain that occurred predominantly at rest was present in five of five patients with positive ergonovine tests but pain occurring predominantly at rest was also present in 76% of patients with negative ergonovine tests (85%). Prompt relief of pain with nitroglycerine was also present in all patients with a positive ergonovine test but was also seen in 58% of patients with a negative test (NS). Association of chest pain with nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, or radiation to left arm, jaw or neck were similarly poor predictors of ergonovine test outcome. We conclude that ergonovine testing in patients without obstructive coronary disease is of low yield if an electrocardiogram recorded during pain does not show evidence of ischemia. Historical features of the chest pain are not good predictors of test outcome.
A Spatiotemporal Approach for Secure Range Queries in Tiered Sensor Networks

We target a two-tier sensor network with resource-rich master nodes at the upper tier and resource-poor sensor nodes at the lower tier. Master nodes collect data from sensor nodes and answer the queries from the network owner. The reliance on master nodes for data storage and query processing raises serious concerns about both data confidentiality and query-result correctness in hostile environments. In particular, a compromised master node may leak hosted sensitive data to the adversary; it may also return juggled or incomplete data in response to a query. This paper presents a novel spatiotemporal approach to ensure secure range queries in event-driven two-tier sensor networks. It offers data confidentiality by preventing master nodes from reading hosted data and also enables efficient range-query processing. More importantly, it allows the network owner to verify with very high probability whether a query result is authentic and complete by examining the spatial and temporal relationships among the returned data. The high efficacy and efficiency of our approach are confirmed by detailed performance evaluations.
Reliability Improvement of Major Defense Acquisition Program Cost Estimates-Mapping DoDAF to COSYSMO

Major defense acquisition programs MDAPs are notoriously prone to substantial cost overruns, and engineering and design issues are often partially to blame. Accordingly, as the Department of Defense DoD develops increasingly complex systems, additional emphasis is being placed on systems engineering to ensure that programs remain on schedule and within budget. Notably, in 2013 the DoD mandated the submission of DoD Architecture Framework DoDAF models during a program's Materiel Solution Analysis Phase-early in the system life cycle-a period historically characterized by a lack of system specification and parametric estimation. Capitalizing on this change, this paper establishes an explicit connection between the DoDAF and the Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model COSYSMO with the goal of improving the measurement reliability of MDAP cost estimates. In particular, we employ techniques from text mining and social network analysis to produce a mapping between DoDAF's 52 models and COSYSMO's 18 drivers, yielding an untapped source of information for determining functional system size and, ultimately, estimating systems engineering effort.
Freeman v. Quicken Loan: RESPA and Markups

This article comments on a recent United States Supreme Court decision holding that RESPA does prohibit the collection of unearned charges.
Iraq and the Crimes of Aggressive War: The Legal Cynicism of Criminal Militarism

From the torture of detainees at Abu Ghraib to unnecessary military attacks on civilians, this book is an account of the violations of international criminal law committed during the United States invasion of Iraq. Taking stock of the entire war, it uniquely documents the overestimation of the successes and underestimation of the failings of the Surge and Awakening policies. The authors show how an initial cynical framing of the American war led to the creation of a new Shia-dominated Iraq state, which in turn provoked powerful feelings of legal cynicism among Iraqis, especially the Sunni. The predictable result was a resilient Sunni insurgency that re-emerged in the violent aftermath of the 2011 withdrawal. Examining more than a decade of evidence, this book makes a powerful case that the American war in Iraq constituted a criminal war of aggression.
Action of diphtheria toxin on cells cultivated in vitro.

SummarySeveral types of mammalian cells which can be cultivated in vitro are susceptible to low concentration of diphtheria toxin. These cell lines may, therefore, be used as an assay system for diphtheria toxin and for antitoxin. There are altered cell lines, derived from sensitive ones which have lost their sensitivity to even very high levels of toxin. Diphtheria toxin resistance is then a possible genetic marker for study of cells in tissue culture.
Gregarious convection and radiative feedbacks in idealized worlds

Abstract : What role does convection play in cloud feedbacks? What role does convective aggregation play in climate? A flurry of recent studies explores self-aggregation of moist convection in diverse simulations using explicit convection and interactive radiation. The implications involve upper level dry areas acting as infrared windowsthe climate systems radiator fins. A positive feedback maintains these: dry columns undergo radiative cooling which drives descent and further drying. If the resulting clumpiness of vapor and cloud fields depends systematically on global temperature, then convective organization could be a climate system feedback. How reconcilable and how relevant are these interesting but idealized studies?
Thrombotic complications after radial arterial line placement in systemic sclerosis: A case series

Objective To demonstrate potential thrombotic complications after radial arterial line placement in patients with scleroderma.
Differences in the interactions of lupus anticoagulant IgG with human prothrombin and bovine prothrombin.

Lupus anticoagulant (LA) IgGs have been reported to inhibit more effectively and consistently the Xa/Va/phospholipid complex-catalyzed activation of human prothrombin than the Xa/Va/phospholipid complex-catalyzed activation of bovine prothrombin. This led us to carry out studies to determine whether the ability to inhibit the activation of prothrombin of LA IgGs, separated from the plasma of 15 patients by protein A affinity chromatography, could be related to the ability of the LA IgGs to bind to prothrombin under various experimental conditions. Of 14 LA IgG preparations tested all prolonged to a variable but substantial extent the dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) of human plasma but only minimally prolonged the dRVVT of bovine plasma. In a purified prothrombin activation system with a rate limiting concentration of phospholipid, all 15 LA IgG preparations inhibited the activation of human prothrombin with the majority showing >50% of inhibition. In contrast, only one LA IgG markedly inhibited (>50%) the activation of bovine prothrombin and five others moderately inhibited (25-40%) the activation of bovine prothrombin. Nevertheless, the majority of LA IgG preparations bound to immobilized bovine prothrombin on a Western blot and also to immobilized bovine prothrombin on a microtiter well. In an ELISA in which phosphatidylserine (PS) was immobilized on microtiter wells, bovine prothrombin supported the binding of 10 of 15 LA IgG preparations to PS. However, the extent of binding was lower than that observed with human prothrombin. In experiments with 125 I-human prothrombin or 125 I-bovine prothrombin in a solution containing Ca 2+ , the addition of PS/PC vesicles enhanced the binding of both human and bovine prothrombin to some LA IgG preparations. The enhanced binding was particularly evident for bovine prothrombin. Although seemingly related for some preparations, the ability of a LA IgG to bind to bovine prothrombin, either in the presence or absence of PS, and the ability of that LA IgG to inhibit the activation of bovine prothrombin was not consistently related for all preparations
Deterministic Drift Counteraction Optimal Control for Attitude Control of Spacecraft with Time-Varying Mass

A solution method for a special class of deterministic drift counteraction optimal control (DDCOC) problems is presented. The objective is to find a control law that maximizes the time until a deterministic nonlinear discrete-time system violates prescribed constraints. One of the system’s states is monotonically decreasing in time, decreasing by a constant rate each time a control action is applied. This, for example, may model the propellant mass of spacecraft propulsion systems that operate with a constant mass flow. The method is applied to attitude control of an axisymmetric spacecraft during a translational thrusting maneuver with a fixed thrust vector misalignment. The spacecraft’s mass and inertia properties are time-varying due to the mass flow required for the orbital maneuver. Given fuel constraints for the attitude control system, the objective is to counteract the parasitic moment resulting from the thrust vector misalignment and to maximize the time during which the orientation of the spacecraft’s symmetry axis stays within a prescribed cone. Simulation results are presented including a robustness analysis of the DDCOC law with respect to uncertainties in the thrust vector misalignment.
Evaluation of Invisalign treatment effectiveness and efficiency compared with conventional fixed appliances using the Peer Assessment Rating index

Introduction The purpose of this retrospective case-control study was to compare the treatment effectiveness and efficiency of the Invisalign system with conventional fixed appliances in treating orthodontic patients with mild to moderate malocclusion in a graduate orthodontic clinic. Methods Using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index, we evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment records of 48 Invisalign patients and 48 fixed appliances patients. The 2 groups of patients were controlled for general characteristics and initial severity of malocclusion. We analyzed treatment outcome, duration, and improvement between the Invisalign and fixed appliances groups. Results The average pretreatment PAR scores (United Kingdom weighting) were 20.81 for Invisalign and 22.79 for fixed appliances ( P = 1.0000). Posttreatment weighted PAR scores between Invisalign and fixed appliances were not statistically different ( P = 0.7420). On average, the Invisalign patients finished 5.7 months faster than did those with fixed appliances ( P = 0.0040). The weighted PAR score reduction with treatment was not statistically different between the Invisalign and fixed appliances groups ( P = 0.4573). All patients in both groups had more than a 30% reduction in the PAR scores. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of achieving "great improvement" in the Invisalign group were 0.329 times the odds of achieving "great improvement" in the fixed appliances group after controlling for age ( P = 0.0150). Conclusions Our data showed that both Invisalign and fixed appliances were able to improve the malocclusion. Invisalign patients finished treatment faster than did those with fixed appliances. However, it appears that Invisalign may not be as effective as fixed appliances in achieving "great improvement" in a malocclusion. This study might help clinicians to determine appropriate patients for Invisalign treatment.
The Standard Model and Its Supersymmetric Extension

The standard model of particle physics (SM) is a Lorentz-invariant quantum field theory (QFT) that is highly successful in describing the properties of subatomic particles and their interactions.
Class I-Presented Influenza Peptides Predicted by an Algorithm that Selects Class II-Presented Peptides

Class II MHC-restricted, CD4+ T cells recognize processed foreign peptides that form amphipathic helices. It also has been shown that class I MHC-restricted, CD8+ T cells recognize foreign peptide fragments rather than entire proteins. In light of this knowledge and the facts that 1) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells use the same gene families to generate their receptors, and 2) class I and class II MHC products hold many structural similarities, we hypothesized that peptides recognized by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells might have some structural homologies. To test this hypothesis, we screened a series of proteins, which contain CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)recognized epitopes, using a strip-of-helix algorithm that has been shown to predict well class II MHC-restricted peptides (1). This algorithm searched for amphipathic a helices by calculating the average hydrophobicity of amino acids at positions n, n+4, n+7, n+ll, n+14, and n+18 in a linear sequence, and could also be adapted to analyze 310 helices or β-pleated sheets.
Spinach and Carrots: Vitamin A and Health

Publisher Summary Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for the promotion of general growth, maintenance of visual function, and regulation of the differentiation of epithelial tissues and immune function, and embryonic development. Vitamin A can be supplied naturally from the diet, either as preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin or as provitamin A carotenoids from plants such as carrots, spinach, red yam, pumpkins, and cantaloupe. In addition to serving as dietary precursors to vitamin A, dietary provitamin A carotenoids function as fat-soluble antioxidants. Increased consumption of foods rich in carotenoids, such as spinach, is associated with decreased risk of some degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. Spinach and carrots are rich in other nutrients as well. Spinach is an excellent source of vitamin K, manganese, folate, magnesium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin B2, calcium, potassium, and vitamin B6. It is a very good source of dietary fiber, copper, phosphorus, and zinc as well. Although best known for their high content of β-carotene and α-carotene, carrots also contain a phytonutrient called falcarinol that may be responsible for the recognized epidemiological association between frequently eating carrots and a reduced risk of cancers. Spinach contains moderately high purine. Unless one has a risk for gout or health problems related to purine-related metabolism, there is no reason to avoid it in raw form as long as one keeps the total portion sizes within practitioner’s guidelines. Spinach also contains oxalate. Individuals who have previously formed calcium oxalate stones are recommended to limit or reduce oxalate intakes to prevent these stones.
Improvement of Fetal Diagnostics Using Telepathology

In the last decades the number of described malformations and syndromes has increased rapidly and the diagnosis requires extensive experience. A main problem is the rareness of experts worldwide, so getting a second opinion is not easy. Telepathology was found to be an important method for the improvement of histological diagnosis. We will show how telepathological techniques can be used for diagnostics in fetal pathology. We analysed the telepathology system TPS within routine workflow of fetal autopsy. This system was developed in a cooperative effort by the Institute of Pathology, Charite Berlin and the Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH. The main view was focused on routine capability, image quality and the communication possibilities of the system. Finally we found that the quality of fetal diagnostic can be improved by using telepathological techniques.
Active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer management continues to rapidly evolve for men presenting with all stages of disease. In response to the pandemic of overdetection and overtreatment of indolent prostate cancer, active surveillance has become a standard management strategy for many men with low-risk cancers. Many challenges with clinical implementation of active surveillance persist, including optimal selection criteria, surveillance strategies, indicators of disease progression and when further treatment may be warranted.
What’s the Catch? Suspicion of Bank Motives and Sluggish Refinancing

Failing to refinance a mortgage can cost a borrower thousands of dollars. Based on administrative data from a large financial institution, we show that around 50% of borrowers leave thousands of dollars on the table by not refinancing. Survey data indicate that, among all the behavioral factors examined, only suspicion of banks’ motives is consistently related to the probability of accepting a refinancing offer. Finally, we report the results of three field experiments showing that enticing offers made by banks fail to increase participation and may even deepen suspicion. Our findings highlight the important role of trust in financial decisions. Received July 12, 2017; editorial decision April 3, 2018 by Editor Andrew Karolyi. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Cellular Composition of Sarcomas

Benign, reactive, and neoplastic mesenchymal cells are pluripotential cells.(3,6,8,16) In the course of differentiation, maturation, they become specialized and may assume the cytologic characteristics of fibroblasts, myoblasts, lipoblasts, angioblasts, chondroblasts and osteoblasts.(3,4, 9) Further differentiation, maturation, may lead to the appearance of end-stage forms, e.g., fibrocytes, myocytes (muscle cells), lipocytes (adipocytes), endothelial cells and chondrocytes. The various phases in cell-cycle that may influence differentiation, or so-called dedifferentiation, of mesenchymal cells is poorly understood, but genetic coding of the neoplastic cells and local tissue conditions have been suggested to play important roles in the development of mature and immature cellular elements. (3,10,15)
Comparison of Traps for Monitoring Plum Curculio Adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Apple Orchards

Effectiveness of four types of odor-baited or unbaited traps for monitoring overwintered adult plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), on perimeter apple trees in Massachusetts orchards was compared. Black wooden pyramid traps placed on the ground next to apple tree trunks captured more adults than black plastic cylinder traps placed vertically on limbs within apple tree canopies, squares of clear Plexiglas placed vertically next to apple tree canopies to intercept incoming adults on the sticky-coated outward-facing surface, or “Circle” traps comprised of aluminum screen and fastened to limbs within apple tree canopies (which captured no adults). In no comparison did any of these traps baited with a combination of synthetic aggregation pheromone (grandisoic acid) and synthetic host volatiles (limonene and ethyl isovalerate) capture more adults than unbaited traps. None of the three types of baited or unbaited traps evaluated in commercial orchards (pyramid, cylinder or Circle) yielded captures of...
Regionalizing Multilateralism: The Effect of Russia's Accession to the WTO on Existing Regional Integration Schemes in the Former Soviet Space

The proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) calls into question the coherence and universality of the liberal WTO multilateral trade regime. While there is a growing literature on the interaction of RTAs within WTO multilateralism, most scholars and policymakers acknowledge the severe information asymmetry between the global multilateral trade organ (the WTO) and RTAs. As Director-General of the World Trade Organization Pascal Lamy has repeatedly pointed out, it is unclear whether a number of existing RTAs violate Article XXIV of the GATT, or what the implications of a fragmented (i.e., regionalized) trade regime would mean for the stability and predictability of the WTO. This article analyzes Russia’s recent accession to the WTO as a case study for how the WTO accommodates RTAs, and the dynamics driving the development of RTAs. This article seeks to explore the apparent benefits (procedural, legal, tactical) that RTA membership offers, versus sole WTO membership. Russia’s attempt to form a Customs Union with Kazakhstan and Belarus, with a view towards further economic, monetary and political integration, it is argued, may give Russia structural protections (particularly in the domain of dispute resolution mechanisms) that can be used to delay compliance with WTO rulings or to gain stronger negotiating leverage in subsequent rounds of multilateral trade negotiations. Building on case precedent such as the Mercosur and WTO Brazil-Tyres litigation, and scholarship on strategic uses of RTAs, this article also explores the political economy and developmental aspects of RTA formation in the post-Soviet space.
Evaluation of Possible Radiation Exposures Near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site

To assess the external exposures that were likely received in villages near the Semipalantinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan, a dosimetry method consistent with available data is necessary. This paper presents calculations to estimate the integral external exposure by using two approaches: 1) historical exposure rate data, and 2) contemporary measurements of 137Cs inventory in the soil. The input data and principal assumptions are discussed as well as estimates of integral exposure received in the village of Dolon as a result of a test conducted in August 1949. The estimated exposures measured by both methods were substantially less than those reported in the literature.
Dedicated ST-segment monitoring in the CCU after successful coronary angioplasty: incidence and prognosis of silent and symptomatic ischemia

Following successful coronary angioplasty (PTCA) patients are usually taken to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) for intensive monitoring, which, in most institutions, consists of arrhythmia monitoring and close clinical observation for angina. In patients with known coronary artery disease, however, transient ischemic episodes (TIE) may occur in the absence of arrhythmias or anginal symptoms (1–5, 11–13).
Linear Acoustic Analysis of Main Combustion Chamber of an Oxidizer-Rich Staged Combustion Engine

A comprehensive linear acoustic analysis of the main combustion chamber of an oxidizer-rich staged combustion engine is presented. The theoretical basis is an acoustic wave equation derived from th...
Deciphering the potentiometric properties of (porphinato)zinc(II)-derived supramolecular polymers and related superstructures

Because modulating the structure–function relationships of π-conjugated superstructures opens fresh opportunities to tune the electronic structures of semiconducting materials, self-assembled architectures have emerged as pivotal candidates to engineer optoelectronic devices. While the photophysical and electrical properties of 1-dimensional supramolecular polymers have been extensively explored, establishing their fundamental potentiometric properties using reliable electrochemical measurements has been less scrutinized and would benefit the engineering of semiconducting materials. In this regard, elucidating the energy level of valence and conduction bands that delineate the electronic structure of self-assemblies is critical to unveiling the parameters that regulate their structure–function properties. In the present contribution, design principles to engineer 2-dimensional nanosheets, nanowires, fibers and amorphous solids from (porphinato)zinc(II) (PZn) building blocks have been elucidated by modifying the structural properties of the side chains that flank PZn-based cores. As these self-assemblies feature identical redox-active building blocks but evidence different solid-state morphologies, the elucidation of their potentiometric properties reveals important structural parameters that regulate the potentials at which holes and electrons are injected into the valence and conduction bands of these hierarchical materials. While self-assembly conformations modestly impact valence band energies, superstructures built from H-type aggregates feature a conduction band energy stabilized by more than 350 meV with respect to those constructed from J-type aggregates.
Modeling Linguistic and Personality Adaptation for Natural Language Generation.

Previous work has shown that conversants adapt to many aspects of their partners’ language. Other work has shown that while every person is unique, they often share general patterns of behavior. Theories of personality aim to explain these shared patterns, and studies have shown that many linguistic cues are correlated with personality traits. We propose an adaptation measure for adaptive natural language generation for dialogs that integrates the predictions of both personality theories and adaptation theories, that can be applied as a dialog unfolds, on a turn by turn basis. We show that our measure meets criteria for validity, and that adaptation varies according to corpora and task, speaker, and the set of features used to model it. We also produce fine-grained models according to the dialog segmentation or the speaker, and demonstrate the decaying trend of adaptation.
Coarse Graining, Nonmaximal Entropy, and Power Laws

We show that coarse graining produces significant and predictable effects on the entropy of states of equilibrium when the scale of coarse graining becomes comparable to that of density fluctuations. We demonstrate that a coarse-grained entropy typically evolves toward a state of effective equilibrium with a lower value than that of the state of maximum entropy theoretically possible. The finer the coarse graining, the greater the drop in effective entropy, and the more relevant the fluctuations around that. Fundamental considerations allow us to derive a remarkable power law that relates coarse graining to the effective entropy gap. Another power law is found that precisely relates the noise range of effective entropy fluctuations to coarse graining. We test both power laws with numerical simulations based on a well-studied two-dimensional lattice gas model. As expected, the effects of these power laws diminish as our description approaches a macroscopic level, eventually disappearing in the thermodynamic limit, where the maximum entropy principle is reasserted.
A Review and Clinical Perspective of the Impact of Osteoporosis on the Spine.

Introduction:Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common conditions in the United States. The health consequences of low bone density can be dire, from poor surgical outcomes to increased mortality rate...
Two new species for Gochnatia Kunth (Asteraceae, Gochnatieae) and an extension of the tribal range into Ecuador

Two new species are added to the narrowly delimited genus Gochnatia. Of these, G. lojaensissp. nov. represents a northern extension of the genus and tribe into Ecuador and G. recticulifoliasp. nov. occurs in northern Peru. In addition to descriptions for the two new species, a key is provided for all known species in the genus Gochnatia and a pubescence character is noted that clearly separates Gochnatia from Moquiniastrum.
Prevalence and Clinical Implications of the Mirror and TV Signs in Advanced Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Objective To explore the prevalence and clinical implications of the mirror and TV signs in the moderate to advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods We retrospectively examined the prevalence of clinical and psychiatric symptoms including the mirror and TV signs in 200 subjects with AD and 200 with DLB and evaluated the relationships among the symptoms. Results The mirror sign was found in 3.0% of AD and 4.5% of DLB subjects. The TV sign was found in 1.5% of AD and 4.0% of DLB subjects. The prevalence of the mirror and TV signs was not significantly different between the AD and DLB groups. Visual hallucination, visual illusion, misidentification of person, and sleep talking were significantly more frequent in DLB than in AD subjects. The mirror sign was significantly associated with lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores, whereas the TV sign was significantly associated with the misidentification of person. Conclusions Both the mirror and TV signs were rare even in the moderate to advanced stages of AD and DLB. The mirror sign may be independent from other delusional misidentification syndromes (DMSs). Being associated mainly with global cognitive decline, the mirror sign is unlikely attributed to any specific cognitive impairment or the dysfunction of localized brain areas. In contrast, the TV sign was significantly more often coexistent with the misidentification of person, suggesting that the TV sign may partly share common neuropsychological mechanisms with DMSs.
Substance and individuation in Leibniz

This book offers a sustained re-evaluation of the most central and perplexing themes of Leibniz's metaphysics. In contrast to traditional assessments that view the metaphysics in terms of its place among post-Cartesian theories of the world, Jan Cover and John O'Leary-Hawthorne examine the question of how the scholastic themes which were Leibniz's inheritance figure - and are refigured - in his mature account of substance and individuation. From this emerges a sometimes surprising assessment of Leibniz's views on modality, the Identity of Indiscernibles, form as an internal law, and the complete-concept doctrine. As a rigorous philosophical treatment of a still-influential mediary between scholastic and modern metaphysics, this study will be of interest to historians of philosophy and contemporary metaphysicians alike.
Skin Conditions in Older Adults with Dementia

It is estimated that 1 in 10 individuals over the age of 65 are living with Alzheimer’s type dementia. Given the aging population, and the fact that chronic wounds are more prevalent in the elderly, it is likely that providers will encounter individuals with both medical conditions in their clinical practice. The management of dementia patients with wounds presents unique challenges to the medical community. In addition to the care of the wound, additional issues such as inability to understand offloading, agitation leading to ongoing trauma, and limitations of treatments because of caregiver burden can add additional complexity. In an effort to address the complex geriatric patient with dementia and chronic wounds, providers must take a holistic approach to balance treatment goals with patient and family goals of care.
On the mechanisms that sustain the inception of attached cavitation

This experimental study addresses the longstanding question of why inception of attached cavitation on curved surfaces or hydrofoils at incidence is relatively insensitive to the concentration of free-stream nuclei. High-speed imaging and high-resolution particle image velocimetry measurements examine cavitation inception on three curved surfaces with varying pressure minima followed by regions with adverse pressure gradients. When these pressure gradients either thicken the boundary layer or cause local flow separation, thin low-momentum zones form close to the wall. Microbubbles trapped in these regions are generated initially from the collapse of intermittent attachment of travelling bubble cavitation. These bubbles migrate slowly upstream for a few milliseconds either under the influence of the adverse pressure gradients when the flow remains attached or carried by the recirculating flow when the boundary layer is separated. Their speed is only 2 %–4 % of the free-stream velocity, and their trajectories are erratic, indicating near-dynamic equilibrium. Owing to the low local pressure, their diameter increases by two to four times by non-condensable gas diffusion, from to to the thickness of the low-momentum zone. At that time, either they are swept downstream by the free-stream flow or they become nuclei for new attached cavitation events. When the new patches collapse, new microbubbles form and the process repeats itself frequently, and independently of the free-stream nuclei. These phenomena do not occur when the adverse pressure gradients are too mild to create low-momentum zones with sufficient thickness to facilitate the slow upstream migration and growth.
Judgments of spatial extent are fundamentally illusory: 'Additive-area' provides the best explanation.

Abstract How do we represent extent in our spatial world? Recent work has shown that even the simplest spatial judgments — estimates of 2D area — present challenges to our visual system. Indeed, area judgments are best accounted for by ‘additive area’ (the sum of objects' dimensions) rather than ‘true area’ (i.e., a pixel count). But is ‘additive area’ itself the right explanation — or might other models better explain the results? Here, we offer two direct and novel demonstrations that ‘additive area’ explains area judgments. First, using stimuli that are simultaneously equated for number and all other confounding dimensions, we show that area judgments are nevertheless explained by ‘additive area’. Next, we show how ‘scaling’ models of area fail to explain even basic illusions of area. By contrasting squares with diamonds (i.e., the same squares, but rotated), we show a robust tendency to perceive the diamonds as having more area — an effect that no other model of area perception would predict. These results not only confirm the fundamental role of ‘additive area’ in judgments of spatial extent, but they highlight the importance of accounting for this dimension in studies of other features (e.g., density, number) in visual perception.
The Laplace-Beltrami operator on the embedded torus

Abstract The eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the torus embedded in three-dimensional euclidean space are investigated. These eigenvalues are determined by the eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problems with separated boundary conditions. Eigenvalues are approximated by those of generalized eigenvalue problems involving tridiagonal matrices. A non-coexistence result is proved. The behavior of eigenvalues is studied when the ratio of inner and outer radius of the torus approaches zero or one.
ELECTROGONIOMETRIC STUDY OF LOCOMOTION AND OF SOME ATHLETIC MOVEMENTS.

Abstract The electrogoniometer was used to study locomotion and some athletic movements. Motion patterns for the knee and ankle joint were established for walking and running on the horizontal and for walking up and downhill. Changing the inclination of the walking surface produced alterations of the knee and ankle goniograms which were consistent with body mechanics necessary to adjust to the respective grades. Knee and ankle goniograms are presented for the back handspring, front somersault, and back somersault. An electrogoniometer was waterproofed and used to obtain goniograms during the performance of three swimming strokes. Goniograms are also presented for throwing a baseball and putting the shot.
Psychosocial adjustment of U.S. college students in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the psychosocial adjustment of U.S. college and university students during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Higher education students in the U.S. (N = 228), recruited between March 2020 and May 2020. Methods: Participants completed self-report measures regarding their psychosocial functioning online. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore participants' psychosocial adjustment. Results: Participants reported increased concerns about such stressors as academics, job loss, health, and social isolation. They reported significantly elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and somatization, and prior history of psychological counseling was associated with greater levels of distress. Approximately one-third of participants reported inadequate perceived social support, which in turn was linked to psychosocial adjustment. Conclusions: College students reported experiencing a wide range of stressors related to the pandemic. Increasing access to mental health services and providing supportive services in such areas as social connection and employment are encouraged.
Intersecting Submerged Jet Velocity Profiles

To gather experimental evidence on the details of the velocity field near the intersection of two submerged turbulent jets, this study measured time average velocity magnitudes and directions of two perpendicular interesting axisymmetric submerged turbulent incompressible air jets of approximately equal strength. Because of the need to detect reverse flows, a three-dimensional pitot-type probe was used. This could sense yaw and pitch angles as well as velocity magnitudes. The data show that the reverse flow spreads much more rapidly perpendicular to the nozzle plane than in the nozzle plane, whereas the forward flow is fairly symmetric. Similarity profiles were found in both the forward and reverse flows. In the forward flow the distribution was essentially Gaussian. This was also true in the backward flow in the direction normal to the plane of the nozzles. In the plane of the nozzles the backward flow profiles were close to self-elliptical or semi-circular, depending on the scales for plotting.
Mechanical Generation of Heuristics for Intractable Theories

A domain independent mechanism for generating heuristics for intractable theories has been implemented in the POLLYANNA program. Heuristics are generated by a process of systematically applying generic simplifying assumptions to an initial intractable theory. Such assumptions sacrifice the accuracy of an intractable theory to gain efficiency in return. Truth preserving reformulations are also used to enhance the power of generic simplifying assumptions. This paper describes a framework. for generating heuristics using these basic types of knowledge. Examples and representations of each are presented along with an architecture within whkh they interact to generate heuristic theories. Results from testing this technique in the hearts card game domain are presented as well This worK is pan of a system combining analytic and empirical methods for learning heuristics. In the analytic phase. a set of candidate heuristics is generated from an intractable theory. In the empirical phase. heuristic theories are evaluated against teacher-provided training examples. TIlis paper concentrates on the analytic process of generating heuristics. Table of
The Timecourse of Generalization in Phonotactic Learning

There is considerable evidence that speakers show sensitivity to the phonotactic patterns of their language. These patterns can involve specific sound sequences (e.g. the consonant combination b-b) or more general classes of sequences (e.g. two identical consonants). In some models of phonotactic learning, generalizations can only be formed once some of their specific instantiations have been acquired (the specific-before-general assumption). To test this assumption, we designed an artificial language with both general and specific phonotactic patterns, and gave participants different amounts of exposure to the language. Contrary to the predictions of specific-before-general models, the general pattern required less exposure to be learned than did its specific instantiations. These results are most straightforwardly predicted by learning models that learn general and specific patterns simultaneously. We discuss the importance of modeling learners' sensitivity to the amount of evidence supporting each phonotactic generalization, and show how specific-before-general models can be adapted to accommodate the results.