cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Molybdenum-Iron-Sulfur Cluster Containing Structural Elements Relevant to the P-Cluster of Nitrogenase.

Iron-molybdenum cofactor and P-cluster are two essential components of FeMo nitrogenases. A Mo6Fe20S30 cluster has now been synthesized whose fragments topologically resemble the P-cluster of nitrogenase. The new compound (see picture) was characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and Moessbauer spectroscopy.
A wake-based correlate of swimming performance and foraging behavior in seven co-occurring jellyfish species

It is generally accepted that animal–fluid interactions have shaped the evolution of animals that swim and fly. However, the functional ecological advantages associated with those adaptations are currently difficult to predict on the basis of measurements of the animal–fluid interactions. We report the identification of a robust, fluid dynamic correlate of distinct ecological functions in seven jellyfish species that represent a broad range of morphologies and foraging modes. Since the comparative study is based on properties of the vortex wake – specifically, a fluid dynamical concept called optimal vortex formation – and not on details of animal morphology or phylogeny, we propose that higher organisms can also be understood in terms of these fluid dynamic organizing principles. This enables a quantitative, physically based understanding of how alterations in the fluid dynamics of aquatic and aerial animals throughout their evolution can result in distinct ecological functions.
Decidualization Regulates the Expression of the Endometrial Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor in the Primate

Chorionic gonadotropin (CG) plays an important role in establishing a receptive endometrium by directly modulating the function of both endometrial stromal and epithelial cells in the baboon. The focus of this study was to characterize changes in CG receptor (LHCGR, also known as CG-R) expression during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy, particularly during decidualization. LHCGR was localized by using a peptide-specific antibody generated against the extracellular domain. Immunostaining was absent in any of the cell types during the proliferative phase of the cycle. In contrast, during the secretory phase, both luminal and glandular epithelial cells stained positively. Stromal staining was confined to the cells around spiral arteries (SAs) and in the basalis layer. This stromal staining pattern persisted at the implantation site between Days 18 and 25 of pregnancy and after CG infusion. However, as pregnancy progressed (Days 40 to 60), staining for LHCGR was dramatically decreased in the stromal cells. These data were confirmed by nonisotopic in situ hybridization. To confirm whether the loss of LHCGR was associated with a decidual response, stromal fibroblasts were decidualized in vitro, and cell lysates obtained after 3, 6, and 12 days of culture were analyzed by Western blotting. LHCGR protein decreased with the onset of decidualization in vitro, confirming the in vivo results. Addition of CG to decidualized cells resulted in the reinduction of LHCGR in the absence of dbcAMP. We propose that CG acting via its R on stromal cells modulates SA in preparation for pregnancy and trophoblast invasion. As pregnancy progresses, further modification of SA by migrating endovascular trophoblasts and subsequent decidualization results in the downregulation of LHCGR. This inhibition of LHCGR expression also coincides with the decrease of measurable CG in peripheral circulation.
First determination of the quark mixing matrix element V tb from electroweak corrections to Z decays

We present a new method for the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix element $|{V}_{\mathrm{tb}}|$ from electroweak loop corrections, in particular those affecting the process $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{Z}b\overline{b}.$ From a combined analysis of results from the CERN LEP, SLC, Fermilab Tevatron, and neutrino scattering experiments we determine $|{V}_{\mathrm{tb}}|{=0.77}_{\ensuremath{-}0.24}^{+0.18}.$
Five Years Later: Awareness Of New York City’s Calorie Labels Declined, With No Changes In Calories Purchased

To follow up on a previous study that examined how the mandated displaying of calorie information on menu boards in fast-food restaurants in New York City influenced consumers’ behavior, we analyzed itemized cash register receipts and survey responses from 7,699 consumers at four fast-food chains. Using a difference-in-differences study design, we found that consumers exposed to menu labeling immediately after the mandate took effect in 2008 and at three points in 2013–14 reported seeing and using the information more often than their counterparts at fast-food restaurants without menu labeling. In each successive period of data collection, the percentage of respondents noticing and using the information declined, while remaining above the prelabeling baseline. There were no statistically significant changes over time in levels of calories or other nutrients purchased or in the frequency of visits to fast-food restaurants. Menu labeling at fast-food chain restaurants, which the Affordable Care Act requires...
Does Recognition Instead of Disclosure Matter to the Users of Financial Statements?: Evidence from SFAS 106

This paper uncovers a potential explanation for the discrepancy between Amir (1996) and Choi, Collins, and Johnson (1997) by examining whether the users of financial statement data treat information differently if it is disclosed instead of recognized in the body of the financial statements. Amir (1996) finds that the liability for postretirement benefits other than pensions (PRBs) is value-relevant conditioned on earnings and pension information while Choi et al. (1997) find that the PRB liability is measured with more error than the pension liability and is therefore less reliable. Since Amir's sample consists only of SFAS 106 adopters and the Choi et al. sample includes both adopters and non-adopters (disclosers), we identify a sample of early adopters who disclose an estimate of their anticipated liability in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) or notes to their financial statements. We test whether accounting information disclosed in the MD&A or notes (the estimate of the PRB liability) is valued by the market the same as information recognized in the financial statements (the recognized PRB liability). The results indicate that the recognized PRB liability is capitalized at a higher rate than the disclosed liability. Our evidence suggests that the market treats information disclosed in the notes in this context as less reliable than similar information recognized in the body of the financial statements.
Mutual Influence and Older Married Adults’ Anxiety Symptoms: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

Purpose of the Study This study analyzed dyadic data to examine the direct and indirect associations between husbands' and wives' reports of marital strain and generalized anxiety symptoms in later life. Design and Methods Data were from 1,114 married couples with at least one spouse aged 60 or older, drawn from the initial 2009-2011 wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze dyadic data according to individual influence and mutual influence frameworks. Results Mutual influence exhibited better model fit than individual influence. Findings revealed that perceptions of marital strain were related with husbands' and wives' own generalized anxiety symptoms. Further, husbands' anxiety symptoms were significantly related with wives' anxiety symptoms, and vice versa, illustrating bidirectional feedback. Finally, husbands' and wives' perceptions of marital strain were significantly indirectly related with their partners' anxiety symptoms, with these associations being mediated by spouses' own anxiety symptoms. Implications Anxiety is a relational experience and may even be provoked by one's marriage. Mutual influence modeling indicated that husbands' and wives' perceptions of the marriage and reports of anxiety were influential for both spouses' anxiety symptoms. These results suggest that emotional contagion may be the pathway for partner effects of marital strain on spouses' well-being. Findings also suggest that efforts to reduce anxiety symptoms may be most effective when taking marital context and quality into account.
Evolution of phosphorus complexation and mineralogy during (hydro)thermal treatments of activated and anaerobically digested sludge: Insights from sequential extraction and P K-edge XANES

(Hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludge is a promising option that can simultaneously target safe waste disposal, energy recovery, and nutrient recovery/recycling. The speciation of phosphorus (P) in sludge is of great relevance to P reclamation/recycling and soil application of sludge-derived products, thus it is critical to understand the effects of different treatment techniques and conditions on P speciation. This study systematically characterized P speciation (i.e. complexation and mineral forms) in chars derived from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of municipal sewage sludges. Combined sequential extraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy analysis revealed the dependence of P transformation on treatment conditions and metal composition in the feedstocks. Pyrolysis of sludges decreased the relative abundance of phytic acid while increased the abundance of Al-associated P. HTC thoroughly homogenized and exposed P for interaction with various metals/minerals, with the final P speciation closely related to the composition/speciation of metals and their affinities to P. Results from this study revealed the mechanisms of P transformation during (hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludges, and might be applicable to other biosolids. It also provided fundamental knowledge basis for the design and selection of waste management strategies for better P (re)cycling and reclamation.
Civilizing Subjects, or Not: Montaigne’s Guide to Modernity, Agamben’s Exception, and Human Rights after Derrida

We would have subtitled this chapter, “Montaigne’s Guide to Modernity, Foucault’s Biopower, Agamben’s Exception, Ranciere’s Dissensus, Boltanski’s Multiplicities, and Human Rights after Arendt, Habermas, and Derrida,” but we are not so expansive as to lose all concern for style or credibility. And yet, it is the desire to involve ourselves in the conversation with all these discourses on power, individuals, and politics that drives our analysis of two early modern texts on civilizing subjects: Simon Marion’s virtually unknown Pleas by Mister Simon Marion, lawyer of the Parliament …,(1587), compared to Michel de Montaigne’s extremely well-known “Of Cannibals” (Bordeaux 1580; Paris 1588, etc.). We take Marion’s plea to represent widespread consensus (were it otherwise, it would not have worked in support of his legal argument), while Montaigne’s text may well represent a possibly less widespread position at the time, and its popularity today is due to the fact that it appears uncannily to anticipate twentieth-century anthropological relativism. Epic frescoes start in medias res, and we begin ours at midpoint between 1587 and the present, in 1789, not because of any wish to create suspense, but quite the opposite, to cleave as closely as possible to the common ground of the twentieth-and twenty-first century texts we evoke.
Relationship Education for Youth in High School: Preliminary Evidence from a Non-controlled Study on Dating Behavior and Parent–Adolescent Relationships

Relationship education (RE), often employed for adults, has become increasingly available for teenagers. However, non-romantic relationships are rarely assessed as a potential outcome domain influenced by RE. Informed by life course theory and the ecological systems perspective, this study examines the influence of RE on both dating and parent–adolescent relationships, and the associations between such changes. Using a one-sample, non-controlled design, we conducted repeated measures analysis of covariance, and hierarchical linear regression analyses to examine the influence of RE participation on 3658 ethnically diverse adolescents’ knowledge and use of healthy skills in their parent–adolescent and dating relationships and whether these changes are linked. Results indicate significant and positive influences on participants’ knowledge and use of healthy relationship skills in their parent–adolescent and dating relationships. Further, results indicate that change in the current dating relationship is associated with concurrent change in the parent–adolescent relationship. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for a spillover effect of relationship education efforts, which are traditionally focused on the youth dating relationships, to parent–adolescent relationship dynamics. Future research considering multiple domains of RE outcomes for youth is warranted and future RE development and implementation may consider integrating parents to maximize program outcomes.
Why Adults Have the Relationship Rights They Do

Why do we competent adults have the powerful legal relationship rights described in Chapter 3? Why does the state not limit to a greater extent our freedom to enter into and get out of personal relationships – whether friendships, association with our parents or siblings, or intimate partnerships? Why are other people not permitted to force their association upon us? Why do we not have state-arranged marriages and state-arranged relationships of every other sort? Or why are other private citizens not empowered to decide with whom we may or must have relationships? Answering these questions leads us into the moral justifications for rights to freedom in general as well as into special justifications for the particular right to freedom of intimate association. To some degree, a right against interference with our chosen personal associations is a derivative right, one specific extension of the core general right against interference with pursuit of our chosen aims. But there are also reasons for according a right of freedom of intimate association that are particular to that aspect of human life. The more prominent traditions in modern political philosophy have had much to say about freedom in general, but not so much about freedom of intimate association in particular, so developing a solid understanding of the normative foundation of that particular freedom requires some extension of existing arguments into a new realm.
Freedom as non-domination

In order to gain a good understanding of the concept of freedom as non-domination it will be useful to focus first on what is required for freedom in one or another choice. As we saw, republicans traditionally concentrated on the freedom of the person, period – the free status of the liber , or ‘free-man’ or citizen – rather than on the freedom of a person’s particular choices (Pettit 2007e; Skinner 2008a). But once we know what freedom of choice requires, we can represent people’s status freedom as a function of their freedom over a common range of choices, secured on the basis of common norms and laws. We will return to that issue in the next chapter. A choice is identified by a set of mutually exclusive, jointly exhaustive options, as in the choice you may have between doing X, doing Y and doing Z. The options are available insofar as two conditions hold, one objective, the other cognitive. Objectively, it is true that you can do X, or you can do Y, or you can do Z, and that’s it: there is nothing else you can do instead. And this truth registers cognitively: it holds according to your own perceptions of the scenario. Thus if you have a choice between X, Y and Z, then you must understand each of those options under its relevant aspect, as a case of X-ing or Y-ing or Z-ing; realize that you can choose any one of them, taking it under that aspect; and recognize that there is no further alternative. Whether you do X or Y or Z is up to you and you only; you can think truly ‘I can do X’, ‘I can do Y’ and ‘I can do Z’. It may not be the case that any option chosen is logically guaranteed to materialize as a result of your decision – the letter you mail may not reach its destination because of problems at the post office – but it is enough that as a matter of contingent fact there are no obstacles in the way. Sending a letter to your correspondent is an option for you just to the extent that the world happens to be compliant – there are no postal problems – and success is in your hands.
Pathological Confirmation Of Apparent Metastatic Disease Is Essential: Incidentally Diagnosed Low Grade B Cell Lymphomas In Patients With Solid Tumors

Background The detection of skeletal metastasis, enlarged lymph nodes or parenchymal lesions in patients (pts) with established solid tumors most commonly denotes advanced stage disease. If not confirmed histologically, a subset of pts might be over staged and mismanaged palliatively. Methods We report 7 cases of low-grade B cell lymphomas diagnosed in a bone, lymph node or lung biopsy during staging workup in patients with suspected metastatic solid tumors. Results All pts were men aged 41 to 80 yo diagnosed with: non-small cell lung (NSCL), prostate, lip squamous cell, bladder, renal cell cancer (CA) and nasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Imaging studies done during initial workup or follow up after resection of the primary tumor revealed bone metastasis, lymphadenopathy or lung nodules suggesting advanced stage of the primary CA. Invasive workup of the lesions in question revealed incidental low-grade B cell lymphomas (2 low grade lymphomas of bone, 2 CLL/SLL, 1 BALT, 1 marginal zone and 1 nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma). In all cases, this led to down staging and changed the management of the solid CA. Surgical resection of the tumor was done after it was down staged from non-resectable to resectable in 2 pts with head/neck CA; 1 pt with NSCL was down staged from stage IV to IIIA and received chemo/radiotherapy; 1 pt with prostate CA was down staged from stage IV to I; 3 pts were down staged from stage IV and were in remission from previously resected solid tumors. Only 2 pts required therapy for the newly diagnosed lymphoma. Avidity of the lesions revealed SUV ranging from 1.28 to 14.11 in the bone and from 2.17 to 6.98 in the lymph nodes. Conclusions Accurate staging of pts with solid tumors is critical in defining optimal goals of therapy. The growing use of PET/CT scans results in a higher rate of incidentally detected bone lesions or lymphadenopathy. Whereas a number of solid tumors readily spread to bone and lymph nodes, a spectrum of indolent lymphoid disorders may coexist in pts with established solid tumors. These lymphomas may remain asymptomatic for years. This might be misinterpreted as advanced stage solid tumor unless confirmed histologically. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Abdominal Organ Transplant Center Tobacco Use Policies Vary by Organ Program Type

Abstract Background Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and surgical complications. Transplant center practices toward smokers vary widely and evoke the classic tension between the ethical principles of justice and utility. We sought to assess current smoking policy variation in U.S. kidney, liver, and pancreas transplant centers. Methods An online survey was sent to program directors of all United Network for Organ Sharing–approved solid abdominal organ transplant programs regarding their policies toward prior and current tobacco use. Results Responses were received from 26% of kidney, 31% of liver, and 37% of pancreas transplant centers. Across organ programs, virtually all centers (97% to 100%) reported transplantations for former smokers, whereas 59% of kidney, 62% of liver, and 33% of pancreas programs reported transplantations for current smokers. Organ programs reported similar rates of having smoking cessation programs (74% to 77%) and performing serum cotinine testing (31% to 38%). Smoking was an absolute contraindication to transplantation at 38% of kidney, 15% of liver, and 50% of pancreas programs. Programs with absolute contraindication policies were less likely to perform transplantations in current smokers and more likely to check serum cotinine levels, but no more likely to have smoking cessation programs. Conclusions There is variation in tobacco use policies among abdominal organ transplant programs and centers. Balancing equity and justice when deciding which patients to waitlist requires an individualized approach to the tobacco-using patient, consideration of organ-specific factors, tobacco-related disease burden, and overall patient health. Such multifaceted assessments might be favorable to inflexible tobacco use policies.
Medication Use as a Contributor to Fluid Overload in the PICU: A Prospective Observational Study

In this prospective observational study, we explored the association of daily fluid intake from medication use with fluid overload in 75 children beginning 24 hours after intubation. The mean percent daily fluid intake from medications was 29% in the overall cohort. Excess intake and inadequate output contributed significantly to fluid overload. In the 28 patients who became ≥10% fluid overloaded, the mean percent daily fluid intake from medications was 34%, but just 23% in the patients who did not. Awareness of volume contribution and maximized concentration of parenteral medications when able may lessen the burden of fluid overload.
When Sex Threatened the State: Illicit Sexuality, Nationalism, and Politics in Colonial Nigeria, 1900‒1958

Saheed Aderinto’s When Sex Threatened the State: Illicit Sexuality, Nationalism, and Politics in Colonial Nigeria, 1900–1958 situates efforts to prohibit and regulate prostitution in colonial Niger...
Bundling Care for Cardiac Surgery Patients

Patients returning to the community after surgery often experience a disconnect when transitioning from hospital to community home care. Many receive little organized/planned care following discharge sometimes resulting in unplanned expensive care in hospital emergency departments and inpatient readmissions. Trillium Health Partners, a large community/teaching hospital, in partnership with community care provider Saint Elizabeth Health Care, designed and implemented a seamless "bundled care program" for cardiac surgery patients extending from hospitalization to 30 days after discharge. With a risk/gain sharing model, the bundled care program enabled a novel integrated clinical patient care model. This included integrated care coordinators embedded within the hospital team, 24/7 patient phone line, integrated medical records and a tracking board that enabled performance monitoring and improvement. Evaluation results revealed: a 16% reduction in post-operative length of stay; a 38% reduction in readmission rates; and a 13% decrease in total system cost per patient, together with markers of improved patient experience.
Does Age Impact Text-Message Dependence?

Little research has examined how age impacts texting dependence, despite the increased usage of texting and other social media applications in older adults. In the present study, three age groups (18-29 years of age, n = 135; 30-49 years of age, n = 58; 50-69 years of age, n = 19) were given the Self-Perceptions of Text Messaging Dependency Scale (SPTMDS). This self-report measure examines Emotion Reaction, Excessive Use, Disruption of Relationships with text Messages and Psychological/Behavioral Symptoms Concerning Heavy Usage). Results revealed that (a) texting dependence decreased across the three age groups and (b) that this decrease occurred for all four sub-scales of the SPTMDS (all p's < .01). These results have implications for how one aspect of social media (namely texting) is used and ultimately accepted by older adults.
Some Early Earthquake Source Models

We describe five early models for earthquake sources considered by the author in the 1960's and 70's. In order of increasing complexity they are: 1. The time-step, double-couple source, which is shown to represent a source consisting of instantaneous (tangential) slip on a small region a fault embedded in an isotropic elastic medium. 2. A spring-and-block model consisting of a chain of blocks connected by springs. The blocks rest. on a rough table and the chain of blocks is drawn along slowly by an irresistible constant-velocity drive at the leading end of the spring at one end of the chain. 3. A numerical simulation of an earthquake model in which the region of slip, and the forces acting are specified in advance. The problem is to find the amount of slip and the displacement field. 4. An analytic solution of the antiplane-strain problem of strike slip on a vertical fault, imbedded in an isotropic elastic space, and driven by an initial shear stress. Here we specify a special fracture criterion and find the region of slip as part of the solution as well as the displacements on the fault. 5. An analytical treatment of a repetitive earthquake model in which the preceding model is embedded in a highly viscous viscoelastic halfspace driven by a constant shear stress at infinity.
The Phenomenology of Color [As a Working Methodology for Design Practice]

My design studio work and research explores the phenomenology of color. This paper examines the creation of viewer color experience in my design process and finished design works in context of the legacy of phenomenological work in the disciplines of art and design. I investigate how hues can enhance the experience of objects and spaces, and I manipulate varied materials and textures to create color phenomena. Here, we explore three separate projects I created in series: orange room (a spatial study of color and material), The Void Series (a study examining temporality and light in the creation of “moment sketches”), and The Color Sequences Project (a sequential study of color and narrative).
The Dynamics of Planetary Nebulae

In this review we focus on new observations and theory that directly pertain to understanding the hydrodynamic evolution of planetary nebulae (PNe). The recent history of the field lead us to break the review into two parts, macroscopic and microscopic structures, since both the size scales and the dominant physics appear to cleave nicely into more-or-less distinct groups.
Strategische Umsetzungsprogramme von Wachstums- und Kosteninitiativen

„ Eine ganze Branche ist in Aufruhr. Deutschlands Versicherungen … kampfen mit unzufriedenen Kunden, ihre Sympathiewerte fallen in den Keller. Die Vertreter gehen auf die Barrikaden und furchten um ihre Provisionen. Verbraucherschutzer kritisieren viele Policen als „ Abzockerei“, an der die Versicherung, aber nicht der Kunde verdient. Die Politik erhoht uber neue Gesetze den Druck, die internationale Finanzkrise verhagelt den Versicherungen die Bilanz. Gleichzeitig mussen sie den Umbau ihrer uber jahrzehntelang wie bei Behorden gewucherten Organisationen vorantreiben.“ So dramatisch sah das Wirtschaftsmagazin „ Wirtschaftswoche“ im Sommer 2008 die Lage der Versicherungsbranche. Vielleicht mag diese Situationsbeschreibung etwas zugespitzt formuliert sein, sie trifft jedoch im Kern
Crystalloid bodies in skeletal muscle of hypothyroid myopathy. Ultrastructural and histochemical studies.

Crystalloid bodies in skeletal muscle fibers have been described in myopathic and non-myopathic conditions. They have been interpreted as viral, glycogen, protein-glycogen complex, artifacts and of unknown nature. This report described similar crystalloid bodies in the postmortem muscle samples of two patients with hypothyroid myopathy. The crystalloid bodies were preferentially located in the I band and Z line region and in the subsarcolemmal region closely associated with lipofuscin. Some were present within basophilic bodies. They were formed by parallel filaments of 6–10 nm beaded periodically by electron-dense particles of 10–18 nm in a lattice, hexagonal or parallel-ripple pattern. Merging of filaments of crystalloid bodies into actin filaments of the I band was noted. The electron-dense particles stained strongly with periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate method for polysaccharides and were unaffected or partially digested by diastase treatment on the ultrathin sections. The filamentous component was neither stained for polysaccharides nor digested by diastase treatment. It is suggested that crystalloid bodies of muscle fibers are composed of two distinct subunits with particles of glycogen complex attached to filaments of unknown nature.
The contribution of neurologic disorders to the national prevalence of depression and anxiety problems among children and adolescents.

Abstract Purpose Depression and anxiety are growing global public health issues and affect millions of children and adolescents in the United States. Although individuals with neurologic disorders (NDs) are at increased risk of adverse mental health disorders, they represent a minority of the population. The purpose of this study was to characterize the national prevalence of depression and anxiety problems in children and adolescents by the presence of various NDs. Methods Parent-reported data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health were analyzed in children and adolescents with and without NDs aged 6–17 years. Results The prevalence of depression and anxiety problems varied by the type of ND (0%–18.5% and 2.8%–62.5%, respectively). In the combined group of children and adolescents with NDs (weighted estimate: 1,998,654), the prevalence of depression and anxiety problems was 15.3% and 37.9%, respectively, whereas in children and adolescents without NDs (weighted estimate: 47,644,055), the prevalence was 3.4% and 7.3%, respectively. Children and adolescents with NDs represented 4.0% of the total sample, but 15.7% and 17.7% of the overall sample with depression and anxiety problems, respectively. Conclusions Children and adolescents with NDs contribute to a considerable portion of the overall prevalence of depression and anxiety problems despite only representing 4% of the population.
Sugammadex for Rapid Intraoperative Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in a Neonate

Sugammadex is a novel pharmacologic agent for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade, which selectively encapsulates the neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) thereby effectively removing it from the plasma concentration. In contrast to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, sugammadex is able to reverse even profound neuromuscular blockade occurring immediately after the administration of a NMBA. Given this clinical effect, it has been suggested for use in critical clinical situations where rapid reversal of neuromuscular blockade is required. We report the use of sugammadex to reverse neuromuscular blockade following difficulty with positive pressure ventilation after endotracheal intubation in a neonate with a tracheoesophageal fistula. The potential for its use in critical airway and ventilation scenarios is reviewed. J Med Cases. 2018;9(12):400-402 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3213
Linguistically Responsive Teaching to Foster ELL Engagement, Reasoning, and Participation in a Mathematics Discourse Community

We draw upon a co-teaching experience in a 6th grade mathematics classroom to discuss how mathematics teachers can carry out research-based suggestions to foster ELLs’ engagement and participation in mathematics discussions to apprentice use of the mathematics register and ultimately, to develop content understanding. We illustrate our approach based on actual experiences to establish an environment conducive to discussions in an urban classroom, with the objective of utilizing semiotics, such as language, symbols, and visual representations during instruction as relevant mathematical meaning-making systems. An instructional focus on meaning-making can prepare ELLs for problem-solving discussions in a discourse community.
Differential Expression of the T cell Inhibitor TIGIT in Glioblastoma and Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract To identify co-inhibitory immune pathways important in the brain, we hypothesized that comparison of T cells in lesions from patients with MS with tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs) from patients with GBM may reveal novel targets for immunotherapy. Focusing on PD-1 and TIGIT, we found that TIGIT and its ligand CD155 were highly expressed on GBM TILs but were near-absent in MS lesions, while lymphocytic expression of PD-1/PDL-1 was comparable. TIGIT was also upregulated in peripheral lymphocytes in GBM, suggesting recirculation of TILs. These data raise the possibility that anti-TIGIT therapy may be beneficial for patients with glioblastoma.
Clastic cells in orthodontic treatment: Translational challenges and recent advances.

Objectives Orthodontic treatment consists of numerous appliance activations that rely on stimulation of osteoclasts at alveolar bone sites. However, the action of osteoclast-like cells on dentin ("odontoclasts") is a pathological side effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) To report preliminary results from ongoing cell culture experiments to identify unique markers of dentin resorption, and (b) To discuss our work using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and exosomes for developing biological fluid-based biopsies to monitor clastic cell activity. Setting and sample population Twelve healthy volunteers in permanent dentition. Material and methods For the in vitro experiments, murine clastic cell precursors were cultured on dentin or bone slices for 7 days and phage-display biopanning was used to identify molecular surface differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. In the human study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected using different tools and analysed for protein and exosome recovery. Results Biopanning generated antibody fragments that were uniquely reactive to odontoclasts. Numerous nanoparticles in the size range of exosomes were detected in all of the human GCF samples. Conclusions Our results support that there are molecular differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Emerging technologies may allow the use of exosomes in GCF as a clinical tool to detect markers of root resorption.
New persistent opioid use among older patients following surgery: A Medicare claims analysis

Abstract Background Although new persistent opioid use and high-risk prescribing have been recognized as important postoperative complications among younger patients (18–64 years of age), little is known about the incidence for postoperative opioid use among older patients (>65 years of age). Methods We analyzed a 20% national sample of Medicare Part D claims among beneficiaries >65 years of age who underwent a major or minor surgical procedure between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2015. We identified patients without an opioid prescription fill in the year before surgery and examined their perioperative and 6-month postoperative opioid prescription fills to examine the incidence of new persistent opioid use and high-risk prescribing. Results We identified 81,839 opioid naive patients who underwent surgery and filled an opioid prescription perioperatively. Overall, 9.8% developed new persistent opioid use. Risk factors for new persistent opioid use included major surgery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.31), more comorbid conditions (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.58–1.84), mood disorders (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.24), suicide or self-harm (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.44), substance abuse disorders (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20–1.59), filling an opioid prescription before surgery (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.77), higher amounts of opioids filled (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.37–1.52), black race (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.36), and Medicaid eligibility (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.35–1.55). Conclusion About 10% of Medicare beneficiaries who were previously opioid naive continue to fill opioids past 3 months after surgery. In addition to comorbidities and mental health conditions, new persistent opioid use is associated with surgery type, preoperative opioid fill, high-risk prescribing practices, and sociodemographic factors.
Weighted Vest Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study

Objectives: To determine if weighted vests dosed at 10% of body weight, when added to a home exercise program, provides stimulus sufficient to improve strength, sit to stand performance, and aerobic capacity in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Nineteen participants (mean age = 68.7 +/– 5.9 SD) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion into either an exercise only control group or an exercise plus weighted vest at 10% of body weight intervention group. All participants performed the same home exercise program consisting of eight open and closed kinetic chain lower extremity exercises, and a 30 minute walking program, 3x/wk for 12 weeks. Pre and post intervention data collection included: lower extremity muscle strength dynamometry, five time sit to stand, 30 second chair rise, two minute step and six minute walk tests. Results: Statistically significant improvements (p Conclusions: Weighted vest use during exercise resulted in statistically and clinically greater improvements in strength, sit to stand performance, and aerobic capacity than exercise alone. Further research is required to determine optimal weighted vest dosage parameters to maximize functional gains while reducing the need for assistance with vest management.
Kinematic Analysis of an Under-actuated, Closed-loop Front-end Assembly of a Dragline Manipulator

Dragline excavators are closed-loop mining manipulators that operate using a rigid multilink framework and rope and rigging system, which constitute its front-end assembly. The arrangements of dragline front-end assembly provide the necessary motion of the dragline bucket within its operating radius. The assembly resembles a five-link closed kinematic chain that has two independent generalized coordinates of drag and hoist ropes and one dependent generalized coordinate of dump rope. Previous models failed to represent the actual closed loop of dragline front-end assembly, nor did they describe the maneuverability of dragline ropes under imposed geometric constraints. Therefore, a three degrees of freedom kinematic model of the dragline front-end is developed using the concept of generalized speeds. It contains all relevant configuration and kinematic constraint conditions to perform complete digging and swinging cycles. The model also uses three inputs of hoist and drag ropes linear and a rotational displacement of swinging along their trajectories. The inverse kinematics is resolved using a feedforward displacement algorithm coupled with the Newton-Raphson method to accurately estimate the trajectories of the ropes. The trajectories are solved only during the digging phase and the singularity was eliminated using Baumgarte′s stabilization technique (BST), with appropriate inequality constraint equations. It is shown that the feedforward displacement algorithm can produce accurate trajectories without the need to manually solve the inverse kinematics from the geometry. The research findings are well in agreement with the dragline real operational limits and they contribute to the efficiency and the reduction in machine downtime due to better control strategies of the dragline cycles.
Feasibility of Formation of Ge1-x-y Six Sny Layers With High Sn Concentration via Ion Implantation

By increasing the Sn concentration in Ge1-ySny and Ge1-x-ySixSny systems, these materials can be tuned from indirect to direct bandgap along with increasing electronic and photonic properties. Efforts have been made to synthesize Sn-Ge and Ge-Si-Sn structures and layers to produce lower energy direct bandgap materials. Due to low solid solubility of Sn in Ge and Si-Ge layers, high concentrations of Sn are not achieved by traditional synthesis processes such as chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy. Implantation of Sn into Si-Ge systems, followed by rapid thermal annealing or pulse laser annealing, is shown to be an attractive technique for increasing Sn concentration, which can increase efficiencies in photovoltaic applications. In this paper, dynamic ion-solid simulation results are presented. Simulations were performed to determine optimal beam energy, implantation order, and fluence for a multi-step, ion-implantation based synthesis process.
Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlxGa1-xAs)

Publisher Summary The aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa1-xAs) system is technologically one of the most important alloy systems, especially when combined with GaAs. It forms the basis of quantum-well, superlattice, and single-barrier device structures, which in turn have a significant effect on high-speed electro-optics. It is noted that a fair amount of information about AlxGa1-xAs parameters—such as lattice constant, density, band gap, and phonon frequency is available. Little data for the absorption coefficient at the band edge is found, because the alloy samples are always on a GaAs substrate with a band gap smaller than the alloy film. The n and k values in the far infrared for AlxGa1-xAs are obtained by fitting the reflectivity data taken near normal incidence. The AlxGa1-xAs samples are grown by an isothermal liquid-phase-epitaxy technique for x values ranging from 0 to 0.54. The alloy compositions are evaluated by the analysis of X-ray emission produced from the layer by the electron beam of an ARL model EMX-SM electron-probe micro-analyzer.
ὁμόνοια: The Hinge of Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics?

Scholarship on the political ramifications of Aristotle’s account of friendship has focused on “political friendship” and has lost sight of the importance of his account of “like-mindedness” or “concord” (ὁμόνοια). Such a focus is mistaken for a number of reasons, not least of which is that, whereas Aristotle has a determinate account of like-mindedness, he has almost nothing to say about political friendship. My paper examines the ethical and political aspects of like-mindedness in light of a disagreement between Richard Bodeus and Rene Gauthier about the autonomy of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics as a work of ethical theory.
The TNFRSF11B mutation associated with calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease results in ineffective osteoclast suppression

OBJECTIVE The gene TNFRSF11B encodes for osteoprotegerin (OPG) and was recently identified as the CCAL1 locus associated with familial calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD). While the CCAL1 OPG mutation (OPG-XL) was originally believed to be a gain-of-function mutation, loss of OPG activity causes arthritis-associated osteolysis in mice, which is likely related to excess subchondral osteoclast formation and/or activity. The purpose of the present study was to further explore the effect of OPG-XL in osteoclastogenesis. METHODS The effects of recombinant OPG-XL and wild-type (WT) OPG were determined in monoculture and coculture models of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. The effects of OPG-XL on osteoclast survival as well as on TRAIL-induced apoptosis were determined using standard in vitro assays and compared to WT OPG. The ability of OPG-XL and WT OPG to bind to osteoblasts was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry using the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line. RESULTS OPG-XL was less effective than WT OPG at blocking RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in monoculture and coculture models. Osteoclast survival and inhibition of TRAIL-induced apoptosis were similar in the presence of OPG-XL and WT OPG. Compared to WT OPG, considerably less OPG-XL bound to cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that OPG-XL is a loss-of-function mutation as it relates to RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and thus may permit increased osteoclast numbers and heightened bone turnover. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate how this mutation contributes to arthritis in individuals carrying this mutation.
Shoring up shortfalls: women, retirement, and the growing gigsupp economy

Gig work—the selling or renting of labor, effort, skills, and time outside of traditional employment—is a long-standing feature of the US economy. Today, millions of people are online gig workers, selling goods and services or renting rooms, houses, and other assets by using platforms such as Uber, Lyft, Rover, DoorDash, eBay, Etsy, VRBO, and Airbnb to connect with customers. Millions more people are defined as offline gig workers: they do not use an online platform to connect with customers but do continue to run errands; walk dogs; rent rooms; care for children and the elderly; sell goods at outdoor markets and roadside stands; and perform housework, yardwork, and other occasional jobs. This article focuses on gig workers—and especially women gig workers—who engage in online or offline gig work as a supplemental source of income rather than as a primary or sole source of their income (i.e., GigSupp workers). In particular, this article answers the following research questions: (1) what do existing measures of GigSupp work show about its growth and whether any data gaps remain; (2) what are the challenges and anticipated needs of GigSupp workers in saving for retirement (including the extraordinary circumstances presented by the COVID-19 pandemic); and (3) what are the specific federal tax, retirement, and financial literacy policy proposals that might help GigSupp workers better finance their retirement? TOPICS:Retirement, legal/regulatory/public policy, risk management Key Findings ▪ GigSupp work has grown significantly and is continuing to grow. ▪ More women than men engage in GigSupp work, and women are driving its growth. ▪ Reliable national data regarding the GigSupp workforce are lacking. ▪ GigSupp work triggers a retirement financing gap that disproportionately impacts women—and notably women of color. ▪ Existing tax reporting rules impact Social Security benefit accruals among GigSupp workers.
CMV Infection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Prevention and Treatment Strategies

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). New strategies and methods for prevention and management of CMV infection are urgently needed. We aim to review the new developments in diagnostics, prevention, and management strategies of CMV infection in Allo-HSCT recipients. The approval of the novel anti-CMV drug letermovir in 2017 has led to an increase in the use of antiviral prophylaxis as a preferred approach for prevention in many centers. Real-world studies have shown efficacy similar to the clinical trial. CMV-specific T cell-mediated immunity assays identify patients with immune reconstitution and predict disease progression. Phase 2 trials of maribavir have shown its efficacy as preemptive therapy and treatment of resistant and refractory CMV infections. Adoptive T cell therapy is an emerging option for treatment of refractory and resistant CMV. Of the different CMV vaccine trials, PepVax has shown promising results in a phase 1 trial. CMV cell-mediated immunity assays have potential to be used as an adjunctive test to develop individualized management plan by identifying the patients who develop immune reconstitution; however, further prospective interventional studies are needed. Maribavir and adoptive T cell therapy are promising new therapies for treatment of CMV infections. CMV vaccine trials for prevention are also under way.
Creative productive eminence in talented women: beliefs, motivation, and drive to create

Little research has been conducted on creative, eminent women across different domains, perceptions of their own creativity, and what drives their creative productivity. This research used qualitat...
Gastropharyngeal Anastomotic Leak in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Following Initiation of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor: A Case Report of an Unusual Side Effect of Cabozantinib.

Background:Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 1% to 2% of thyroid cancers in the United States. When identified early, total thyroidectomy is most often curative. However, in advanced d...