cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite element modeling of lungs including interlobar fissures and the heart cavity

area of a deformable body at configuration C,. C,. C, with prescribed tractions initial undefomed configuration at time 0, and deformed configuration at time t, and I, + At respectively constitutive tensor, equation (9b) Green-Lagrangian strain of configuration C,. C, and incremental Green-Lagrangian strain between C, and C, respectively. All are measured and referred to the undeformed configuration C, the equilibrium nodal forces at configuration C, the stiffness matrix at configuration C, interpolation or shape functions the consistent nodal forces at conliguration C, the incremental forces from C, to C, 2nd Piola-Kirchhoff stress at configuration C,, C, and increment between C, and C, respectively. All are measured and referred to the initial undeformed configuration C, the transformation matrix of boundary nodal point, equation (21) displacement vector to configuration C,. C, from C, and incremental displacement from C, to C, the strain energy density function the weights at the integration points for Gaussian quadrature method coordinates ofa material point at configuration C,, C, and C, respectively variational symbol components of Cauchy stress and strain tensor measured and referred to deformed configuration Cl surface traction per unit area of C, body force per unit volume of C, mass density at Cl
The Strength of Children Externalizing the Effects of Chronic Illness Through Narrative Puppetry

When we turn our thoughts to children of America, we often picture healthy, active children who are involved in various physical activities. This is not the case for many American children who live...
Interaction and fusion of unilamellar vesicles containing cerebrosides and sulfatides induced by myelin basic protein.

Abstract The effects of myelin basic protein on the aggregation, lipid bilayer merging, intercommunication of aqueous compartments and leakage of small unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine containing different proportions of galactocerebroside and sulfatide were investigated. This was performed employing light scattering, absorbance changes and fluorescence assays (resonance energy transfer, Terbium/dipicolinic acid asssay and carboxyfluorescein release). The apposition of membranes rapidly induced by myelin basic protein is enhanced by sulfatide but reduced by galactocerebroside compared to vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine alone. On the other hand, the presence of either glycosphingolipid in the membrane interferes with the induction by myelin basic protein of lipid bilayer merging, subsequent fusion and changes of the membrane permeability. Our results support an important modulation by sulfatide and galactocerebroside on the interactions among membranes induced by myelin basic protein, depending on the relative proportions of the glycosphingolipids and phosphatidylcholine.
Sustaining Male Dominance in Interscholastic Athletics: A Case of Homologous Reproduction…or Not?

To establish if male hegemony continued to exist in high school athletics within the USA and to determine the extent that homologous reproduction (hiring people of the same gender) might be a contributing factor, the administrative structures of 480 high school athletic departments were analyzed. The gender of each school’s principal, athletic director, and coaches were collected from The National Directory of High School Coaches. Male hegemony was found to exist since men dominated both principal (76%) and athletic director (85%) positions, however evidence of homologous reproduction was only evident at the coaching level. The culture of hegemonic masculinity within athletics might be sustained more as a result of sex-role theory or gender-based schematic processing, rather than homologous reproduction.
GABA-like immunoreactivity in the squirrel monkey organ of Corti.

Abstract The distribution of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactivity in the squirrel monkey organ of Corti was determined using an antiserum against GABA conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Immunoreactive labeling was seen in the region of the inner spiral bundle, the synaptic region below inner hair cells, in terminals contacting the basal part of outer hair cells, and in tunnel spiral fibers. Examples of each of these immunoreactive components could be observed in all cochlear turns. In the region of inner hair cells, immunoreactive labeling took the form of numerous small puncta randomly distributed below the base of the cells. In the region of outer hair cells, large globular immunoreactive structures reminiscent of terminal endings at the subnuclear level were observed. Since similar structures were seen at the base of outer hair cells in other cochleas processed for AChE, we conclude that GABA-like immunoreactivity was contained in efferent terminals which synapse on outer hair cells. These results strengthen previous evidence for the presence of GABA in the olivocochlear system of the mammalian cochlea.
A semantic differential investigation of children's attitudes toward three stigmatized groups

To test the assumption that negative attitudes toward various stigmatized groups are learned in early childhood, four scales of the semantic differential were employed to assess children's attitudes toward four groups (normals, crippled, retarded, and mentally ill) for both male and female third and sixth graders. The mentally ill were rated most negatively on both the Evaluation Scale and the Understandability Scale, but were rated comparable to normal people on Activity and Potency. Both the retarded and the crippled were rated less positively than normals on the Evaluation Scale, but not as negatively as the mentally ill. The retarded and the crippled were rated less Active and Potent than both normals and the mentally ill. No differences were found between the third and sixth graders on attitudes toward the three stigmatized groups. Implications for the “social labeling” theory of mental disorders are discussed.
Characterizations of harmonizable fields

Several characterizations of harmonizable random fields when the indexing set is R n , n ≥ 2, or G an LCA group as well as for nonlocally compact groups are presented. Some problems when G is a separable Hilbert space or the field is valued in an X*-algebra Hilbert module are discussed. Isotropic fields and also for fields valued in certain Banach spaces are outlined. Full details of new results will appear later.
A Fourier space algorithm for solving quadratic assignment problems

The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is a central problem in combinatorial optimization. Several famous computationally hard tasks, such as graph matching, partitioning, and the traveling salesman all reduce to special cases of the QAP.In this paper we propose a new approach to the QAP based on the theory of non-commutative Fourier analysis on the symmetric group. Specifically, we present a branch-and-bound algorithm that performs both the branching and the bounding steps in Fourier space.By exploiting the band-limited nature of the QAP objective function and using FFT techniques, the algorithm runs in O(n3) time per branch-and-bound node. The techniques underlying the algorithm generalize to a range of other combinatorial optimization problems.
Selective gas sensing by graphene

Graphene might become an ultimate medium for sensing applications, enabling gas and vapor detection with high sensitivity. However, changes in graphene resistivity under the gas exposure might be quite similar for different gases, making the sensing selectivity to be one of the key barriers to overcome. In this paper, we report on using low frequency noise to define the new characteristic parameters, which, in combination with the resistance change, form a unique signature of a gas. The noise measurements can be also used in combination with evaluating “memory step” effect in graphene under gas exposure. (The “memory step” is an abrupt change of the current near zero gate bias at elevated temperatures T > 500 K in graphene transistors.) The “memory step” changes in graphene under gas exposure can be used for high-temperature gas sensors.
Magnetic Fields in Shocked Regions: Very Large Array Observations of H2O Masers

We present VLA observations of the Zeeman effect in 22 GHz H2O masers in several high-mass star-forming regions. These masers are believed to arise from collisional pumping in postshock environments. Therefore, the Zeeman effect data provide the most direct measurements of magnetic field strengths in high-density (n 108 cm-3) postshock gas, where the field energy determines other physical conditions. Our observations yield significant magnetic field detections in W3 IRS 5, W3(OH), W49 N, and OH 43.8-0.1. In these sources, we detect line-of-sight field strengths ranging from 13 to 49 mG. For some regions, the detected fields provide a 2-3 point sampling of the magnetic field, indicating the nature of field variations on arcsecond scales. These field strengths are consistent with a shock-driven maser model having relatively low speed (20 km s-1), C-type shocks. We examine the balance between magnetic field energy and turbulent kinetic energy in the masing regions. These energies appear close to equilibrium.
An Analytical Method for Soy Saponins by HPLC/ELSD

A high-performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light scartering detection (HPLC/ELSD) method was developed to determine natural forms of soyasaponin H with (αg, βg, βa, γg, γa) and without (V, I, II, III, IV) 2,3-dihydrd-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) in soybean. The coefficient of variance of intra-day assays was < 9.51% and that of inter-day assays was < 10.91%. The soyasaponin I was used as external standard for quantification of all soyasaponins becanse it was established that their ELSO signal external standard for quantification of all soyasaponins becanse it was established that their ELSD signal responses were essentially the same under the specific operating conditions. The extraction conditions were optimized and the extract storage conditions were established for analysis of soyasaponin Bs in their natural state. The energy of activation of soyasaponin βg was 40,76 kl/mol. The recovery rates for soyasaponin I and II were 88.3% and 93.1%, respectively. The average of total soyasaponins content from 5 soybean samples was 3.37 μmol/g with ranges from 2.78 to 4.03 μmol/g. This method is simple and casy to use, and the sample preparation takes less time than existing methods.
Metadata Practices in Academic and Non-Academic Libraries for Digital Projects: A Survey

This article presents the results of a survey examining and comparing the metadata practices of academic and non-academic libraries regarding digital projects. It explores the types of metadata and vocabularies utilized, issues of interoperability, end-user-created metadata, and staffing for metadata planning and creation. Participants from 87 academic libraries and 40 non-academic libraries responded to the survey. The survey found that, despite their different environments, academic and non-academic libraries engage in similar metadata practices. The majority of the participating libraries have metadata librarians, who are the primary staff members responsible for all metadata activities. Academic libraries tend to use more metadata schemes, plan for metadata interoperability more frequently, and are more likely to have created new positions responsible for metadata for digital projects.
The D state of I2: a case study of statistical error propagation in the computation of RKR potential curves, spectroscopic constants, and Franck–Condon factors

Abstract Existing spectroscopic data for the D 0 u + ( 3 P 2 ) ion-pair state of I2 are reanalyzed with the primary goal of improving and extending to higher υ the rotational constants Bυ. To this end, data for several precisely known (υ,J) levels in the υ=203–207 region are analyzed together with vibrational and rotational data from a number of sources. The lack of rotational data for the υ=130–200 region makes the structure of this data set unusual, and has prompted a thorough study of the propagated statistical error in the directly fitted spectroscopic constants, Tυ and Bυ, and in the RKR potential curve calculated therefrom. For the first time, such error propagation computations have been extended to properties computed by numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation for the state in question: the quantum vibrational energy Gυ and rotational constant Bυ, centrifugal distortion constants Dυ and Hυ, and Franck–Condon factors for the D–X transition.
Long-term retention of flavor familiarization: effects of number and amount of prior exposures.

Rats were preexposed either once or seven times for either 20 or 120 min to a 1.0% saccharin solution. Retention of this flavor familiarization was then observed either 2 or 96 days following preexposure. Test day intake was directly related to both number and duration of preexposures but was not influenced by the retention interval. The results indicate that even a relatively brief familiarization experience is retained over prolonged intervals.
Towards formal synthesis of reactive controllers for dexterous robotic manipulation

In robotic finger gaiting, fingers continuously manipulate an object until joint limitations or mechanical limitations periodically force a switch of grasp. Current approaches to gait planning and control are slow, lack formal guarantees on correctness, and are generally not reactive to changes in object geometry. To address these issues, we apply advances in formal methods to model a gait subject to external perturbations as a two-player game between a finger controller and its adversarial environment. High-level specifications are expressed in linear temporal logic (LTL) and low-level control primitives are designed for continuous kinematics. Simulations of planar manipulation with our synthesized correct-by-construction gait controller demonstrate the benefits of this approach.
Mortality in Mental Disorders and Global Disease Burden Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance Despite the potential importance of understanding excess mortality among people with mental disorders, no comprehensive meta-analyses have been conducted quantifying mortality across mental disorders. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality among people with mental disorders and examine differences in mortality risks by type of death, diagnosis, and study characteristics. Data sources We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science from inception through May 7, 2014, including references of eligible articles. Our search strategy included terms for mental disorders (eg, mental disorders, serious mental illness, and severe mental illness), specific diagnoses (eg, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder), and mortality. We also used Google Scholar to identify articles that cited eligible articles. Study selection English-language cohort studies that reported a mortality estimate of mental disorders compared with a general population or controls from the same study setting without mental illness were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed the titles, abstracts, and articles. Of 2481 studies identified, 203 articles met the eligibility criteria and represented 29 countries in 6 continents. Data extraction and synthesis One reviewer conducted a full abstraction of all data, and 2 reviewers verified accuracy. Main outcomes and measures Mortality estimates (eg, standardized mortality ratios, relative risks, hazard ratios, odds ratios, and years of potential life lost) comparing people with mental disorders and the general population or people without mental disorders. We used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool mortality ratios for all, natural, and unnatural causes of death. We also examined years of potential life lost and estimated the population attributable risk of mortality due to mental disorders. Results For all-cause mortality, the pooled relative risk of mortality among those with mental disorders (from 148 studies) was 2.22 (95% CI, 2.12-2.33). Of these, 135 studies revealed that mortality was significantly higher among people with mental disorders than among the comparison population. A total of 67.3% of deaths among people with mental disorders were due to natural causes, 17.5% to unnatural causes, and the remainder to other or unknown causes. The median years of potential life lost was 10 years (n = 24 studies). We estimate that 14.3% of deaths worldwide, or approximately 8 million deaths each year, are attributable to mental disorders. Conclusions and relevance These estimates suggest that mental disorders rank among the most substantial causes of death worldwide. Efforts to quantify and address the global burden of illness need to better consider the role of mental disorders in preventable mortality.
Respiración artificial: el escritor y el terrorismo de Estado

In this paper i analize Ricardo Piglia’s novel Respiracion artificial , 1980. I take a look at the author’s fictionalized account of the relations between writers and the repressive state powers during Argentina’s last military government. Piglia links the situation with Rosas’ dictatorship in the 19th century, irigoyenism in the 1930s, and the nazi regime. also, he proposes a unique approach to literature-history-philosophy relations.
Multilevel DC link inverter

This paper presents a new class of multilevel inverters based on a multilevel dc link (MLDCL) and a bridge inverter to reduce the number of switches, clamping diodes, or capacitors. An MLDCL can be a diode-clamped phase leg, a flying-capacitor phase leg, or cascaded half-bridge cells with each cell having its own dc source. A multilevel voltage-source inverter can be formed by connecting one of the MLDCLs with a single-phase bridge inverter. The MLDCL provides a dc voltage with the shape of a staircase approximating the rectified shape of a commanded sinusoidal wave, with or without pulsewidth modulation, to the bridge inverter, which in turn alternates the polarity to produce an ac voltage. Compared with the cascaded H-bridge, diode-clamped, and flying-capacitor multilevel inverters, the MLDCL inverters can significantly reduce the switch count as well as the number of gate drivers as the number of voltage levels increases. For a given number of voltage levels m, the required number of active switches is 2/spl times/(m-1) for the existing multilevel inverters but is m+3 for the MLDCL inverters. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the operating principles of the MLDCL inverters.
(In)visible evidence: pictorially enhanced disbelief in the Apollo moon landings:

When pictures become journalistic, historical, and popular icons, there is a common belief that they also have a single, usable meaning, and media, political, and academic elites typically determine it. Yet, research on how people interpret images suggests that believing is seeing: pre-existing prejudices and experiences affect what meanings we draw from pictures. This is especially so when the viewer seeks out information that confirms strongly held notions, what mainstream audiences might think of in some cases as conspiracy theories. This article examines reaction to one of the most famous sets of images of the past century — photos of the 1969 Apollo moon landing — by proponents of the `moon hoax' theory, those who believe that the landings were faked by NASA. Analysis of moon hoax websites shows that the pictures' visual details are used as evidence that the mainstream interpretation is `visibly' in error.
Analysing financial services industry using data envelopment analysis

The ongoing credit crisis in the financial markets has led to tremendous turmoil in the financial services industry. As a result, during the last one year, we have seen a substantial decline in the profitability and liquidity of the financial services companies. In this paper, we analyse the financial performance of thirteen leading financial services firms to evaluate their relative standing in the industry. We illustrate the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA), an operations research technique, to evaluate the relative financial strength of thirteen financial services firms by benchmarking the financial ratios of a firm against its peers. DEA clearly brings out the firms that are operating more efficiently in comparison to other firms in the industry, and points out the areas in which poorly performing firms need to improve.
Prolonged Renal Failure Secondary to Antithymocyte Globulin Treatment in Severe Aplastic Anemia

Objective:To report a case of acute renal failure in a patient with severe aplastic anemia after administration of antithymocyte globulin (ATG).Case Summary:A 41-year-old man diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia was treated with ATG and cyclosporine. After one dose of ATG (3012 mg. 40 mg/kg), the patient developed anuric acute renal failure, with serum creatinine 3.4 mg/dL (1.2 mg/dL at baseline) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 29 mg/dL (13 mg/dL at baseline), which required intermittent hemodialysis. Renal failure resolved with cessation of the drug, serum creatinine and BUN returned to baseline levels, and the patient no longer required hemodialysis.Discussion:ATG is a purified and concentrated gamma globulin, primarily a monomeric immunoglobulin G from hyperimmune serum of horses. It is widely used to treat severe aplastic anemia and to manage acute transplant rejection. This patient had no other confounding factors for the cause of the renal failure. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo ...
Computation of Flowfields for Projectiles in Hypersonic Chemically Reacting Flows

A technique is presented for solving the in viscid, chemically reacting, hypersonic flowfield over axisymmetric blunt bodies. The Euler equations are solved using a fully implicit, flux vector splitting, finite-difference scheme. An approximate factorization scheme is also used in order to improve computational efficiency. Finite-rate chemical reaction calculations are decoupled from the gas dynamic equations in the current analysis. Complex blunt body shapes, including highly indented nose geometries, are analyzed for Mach numbers from 2 to 18.
Test‐Retest Reliability of the Addiction Severity Index Composite Scores Among Clients in Residential Treatment

The authors investigated the test-retest reliability of the Addiction Severity Index (ASJ) composite scores and the use of “free-living vs. institutionalized” reporting periods among 112 patients admitted to either of two residential, drug-free treatment programs in New England. Alcohol and drug scores were substantially lower for institutionalized vs. free-living reporting periods. Intraclass correlation coefficients were high (> 0.80) for the alcohol, drug, employment, and legal scores, but lower (0.50–0.59) for the psychiatric and medical scores and did not differ substantially by type of reporting period or by lag period between end of the reporting period and the interview. The use of free-living reporting periods yields more valid ASI scores for drugs and alcohol, in particular, and yields comparable reliability.
SENP1 enhances androgen receptor-dependent transcription through desumoylation of histone deacetylase 1.

SUMO (also called Sentrin) is a ubiquitin-like protein that plays an important role in regulating protein function and localization. It is known that several nuclear receptors are modified by SUMO; however, the effect of desumoylation in regulating nuclear receptor function has not been elucidated. Here we show that androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription is markedly enhanced by SENP1, a member of SUMO-specific protease family. SENP1’s ability to enhance AR-dependent transcription is not mediated through desumoylation of AR, but rather through its ability to deconjugate histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), thereby reducing its deacetylase activity. HDAC1’s repressive effect on AR-dependent transcription could be reversed by SENP1 and by deletion of its sumoylation sites. RNA interference depletion of endogenous HDAC1 also reduced SENP1’s effect. Thus, SENP1 could regulate AR-dependent transcription through desumoylation of HDAC1. These studies provide insights on the potential role of desumoylation in the regulation of nuclear receptor activity.
Trichloroethylene Ototoxicity: Evidence for a Cochlear Origin

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is known to produce an unusual pattern of hearing impairment in laboratory animals marked by a preferential loss of threshold sensitivity at midfrequencies. The purpose of this research was to determine whether the TCE-induced auditory deficit results from cochlear dysfunction. Adult Long Evans hooded rats were exposed via inhalation to either 0 (clean air) or 4000 ppm TCE (6 h/day for 5 days). Auditory thresholds for 1-40 kHz tones were determined 3 weeks after exposure using reflex modification audiometry (RMA; n = 12/group). Cochlear electropotentials were measured during subsequent testing (n = 3-10/group) 5 to 7 weeks after exposure, including thresholds for cochlear action potentials (CAP) and the 1-microV cochlear microphonic for 2-40 kHz tones, and the N1 amplitude intensity function (40-90 dB SPL). Cochlear histopathology was assessed in midmodiolar preparations of a separate set of animals, exposed as before (n = 4/group). RMA testing confirmed a TCE-induced loss in midfrequency threshold sensitivity (8 and 16 kHz). CAP thresholds were elevated at midfrequencies (8 and 16 kHz) among TCE-treated subjects, along with a suppression of the N1 amplitude from 50 to 90 dB SPL. The cochlear microphonic, a nonpropagated ac potential generated largely by the outer hair cells, was not affected by the TCE treatment. Cochlear histopathology revealed a loss of spiral ganglion cells that was significant in the middle turn, but not in the basal turn. There was an inconsistent loss of hair cells among treated subjects. The data suggest strongly that the behaviorally determined loss in auditory function can be accounted for by a cochlear impairment and that the spiral ganglion cell may be a prominent target of TCE.
TWO ROUTES TO DELINQUENCY: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLY AND LATE STARTERS IN THE IMPACT OF PARENTING AND DEVIANT PEERS*

This paper tests hypotheses concerning differences in the determinants of involvement with the criminal justice system for adolescents who show early versus late onset of delinquency. Four waves of data collected on 177 adolescent boys living in small towns in the midwest were used to test the hypotheses. For late starters, quality of parenting predicted affiliation with deviant peers, which was associated in turn with criminal justice system involvement. Oppositional/defiant behavior was unrelated both to affiliation with deviant peers and to involvement with the criminal justice system. For early starters, on the other hand, quality of parenting predicted oppositional/defiant behavior. This behavior pattern predicted affiliation with deviant peers, which in turn predicted criminal justice system involvement. Further, we found evidence of an interaction effect for early starters: criminal justice system involvement was highest for those youths who both were oppositional/defiant and had deviant friends. Overall the findings support the idea of different routes to criminal behavior and arrest for early versus late starters.
Branding for the BoP: Design Collaboration with Rural Villagers in Ghana

National economic growth can go only so far toward eradicating poverty if most of the poorest individuals live in rural areas that are untouched by that growth. This is the case in the African nation of Ghana, where a team from Arizona State University travelled to research the prospects for an electric generator based on the coals from cooking fires.
Observations of Thermophilic Algal Communities in Mount Rainier and Yellowstone National Parks

Observations on thermophilic algal communities during a three-year period at Mount Rainier National Park and during January 1965 and 1966 in Yellowstone National Park have been analyzed to evaluate the distribution of species in thermal streams relative to temperature and competitive interaction. Although temperature appears to be the most important physical factor affecting the distribution in alkaline springs, interspecific competition for space also influences the distribution. Diatom species commonly occurring above 35C are noted, along with the apparent tolerance by certain species of temperatures in excess of 45C. The diversity of the diatom flora increases as the water cools. Despite thermal and chemical constancy, the growth rate of the algae is negligible during the winter months when light is minimal.
“The Game Turns on You” Crack, Sex, Gender, and Power in Small-Town Ohio

Exchanges of sex for crack cocaine have received much attention from public health researchers and ethnographers of substance abuse. These exchanges are often viewed as one-dimensional relationships in which men use their access to crack cocaine and women's dependence on the drug to exploit them sexually. Drawing on in-depth interview data gathered during three years of research conducted in central Ohio, this article examines the relationship between sexual behavior and crack cocaine use from both male and female perspectives. Bourdieu's concept of fields is then applied to illuminate the relational dimensions of gender, sex, and power within this local crack-cocaine using scene, while also illustrating the domination inherent in most scenarios involving crack-for-sex exchange. Implications for possible interventions based on this analysis are also discussed.
Operation of a CCD particle detector in the presence of bulk neutron damage

The use of CCDs in future linear collider experiments will require immunity to large neutron fluences, in excess of 10/sup 9//cm/sup 2//year. The effects on charge transfer efficiency of neutron induced bulk damage are presented along with a demonstration of a technique to fill the traps with sacrificial charge. Operation is then possible at fluences in excess of 10/sup 10//cm/sup 2/.
Hetero-oligomeric interactions between early glycosyltransferases of the dolichol cycle.

-PP-dolichol, whose synthesis is sequen-tially catalyzed by the Alg7p GlcNAc phosphotransferaseandbythedimericAlg13p/Alg14pUDP-GlcNActransferaseon the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. Here,we show that the Alg7p, Alg13p, and Alg14p glycosyltrans-ferasesformafunctionalmultienzymecomplex.Coimmuno-precipitation and gel ﬁltration assays demonstrate that theAlg7p/Alg13p/Alg14p complex is a hexamer with a nativemolecular weight of
Cross-Species Translocation of mRNA from Host Plants into the Parasitic Plant Dodder

An intriguing new paradigm in plant biology is that systemically mobile mRNAs play a role in coordinating development. In this process, specific mRNAs are loaded into the phloem transport stream for translocation to distant tissues, where they may impact on developmental processes. However, despite its potential significance for plant growth regulation, mRNA trafficking remains poorly understood and challenging to study. Here, we show that phloem-mobile mRNAs can also traffic between widely divergent species from a host to the plant parasite lespedeza dodder (Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and microarray analysis were used to detect specific tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transcripts in dodder grown on tomato that were not present in control dodder grown on other host species. Foreign transcripts included LeGAI, which has previously been shown to be translocated in the phloem, as well as nine other transcripts not reported to be mobile. Dodders are parasitic plants that obtain resources by drawing from the phloem of a host plant and have joint plasmodesmata with host cortical cells. Although viruses are known to move between dodder and its hosts, translocation of endogenous plant mRNA has not been reported. These results point to a potentially new level of interspecies communication, and raise questions about the ability of parasites to recognize, use, and respond to transcripts acquired from their hosts.
The stimulation of filter feeding in the porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes randall by amino acids and sugars

Abstract 1. 1. The porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes Randall is stimulated to filter feed by amino acids and sugars. 2. 2. The most stimulatory amino acids are l -tyrosine > glycine > l -proline > l - and d -glumatic acid > γ-amino-n-butyric acid. 3. 3. The most stimulatory sugars are trehalose and glucose. 4. 4. Glutathione, peptides of glycine, and peptides of glycine and tyrosine are weakly stimulatory.
Regulation by Ca2+ and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) of single recombinant type 3 InsP3 receptor channels. Ca2+ activation uniquely distinguishes types 1 and 3 insp3 receptors.

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor (InsP3R) is an endoplasmic reticulum–localized Ca2+-release channel that controls complex cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling in many cell types. At least three InsP3Rs encoded by different genes have been identified in mammalian cells, with different primary sequences, subcellular locations, variable ratios of expression, and heteromultimer formation. To examine regulation of channel gating of the type 3 isoform, recombinant rat type 3 InsP3R (r-InsP3R-3) was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and single-channel recordings were obtained by patch-clamp electrophysiology of the outer nuclear membrane. Gating of the r-InsP3R-3 exhibited a biphasic dependence on cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In the presence of 0.5 mM cytoplasmic free ATP, r-InsP3R-3 gating was inhibited by high [Ca2+]i with features similar to those of the endogenous Xenopus type 1 InsP3R ( X -InsP3R-1). Ca2+ inhibition of channel gating had an inhibitory Hill coefficient of ∼3 and half-maximal inhibiting [Ca2+]i ( K inh) = 39 μM under saturating (10 μM) cytoplasmic InsP3 concentrations ([InsP3]). At [InsP3] < 100 nM, the r-InsP3R-3 became more sensitive to Ca2+ inhibition, with the InsP3 concentration dependence of K inh described by a half-maximal [InsP3] of 55 nM and a Hill coefficient of ∼4. InsP3 activated the type 3 channel by tuning the efficacy of Ca2+ to inhibit it, by a mechanism similar to that observed for the type 1 isoform. In contrast, the r-InsP3R-3 channel was uniquely distinguished from the X -InsP3R-1 channel by its enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of activation (half-maximal activating [Ca2+]i of 77 nM instead of 190 nM) and lack of cooperativity between Ca2+ activation sites (activating Hill coefficient of 1 instead of 2). These differences endow the InsP3R-3 with high gain InsP3–induced Ca2+ release and low gain Ca2+–induced Ca2+ release properties complementary to those of InsP3R-1. Thus, distinct Ca2+ signals may be conferred by complementary Ca2+ activation properties of different InsP3R isoforms.
THE EFFECT OF CYCLICAL FLUCTUATIONS UPON REAL ESTATE FINANCE

The purpose of this research was to identify the main causes of the low academic performance of university students. This research work has been carried out with the help of the sixth semester students and professors of the Central University of Ecuador, of the Public Administration career, who were conducted a survey on different aspects related to this topic. Among the main causes, students mention that professors do not adequately apply a teaching methodology, which contrast with what was started by professors, which indicates that they do use a teaching methodology, among which the ERCA method stands out, thus; a discrepancy is created between professors and student. It is concluded that students with low academic performance show a lack of interest in their academic activities, due to a poor implementation in the teaching methodology, which requires the implementation of learning strategies and that they have a constant evaluation in order to obtain positive results.
Validation of conductance catheter system for quantification of murine pressure-volume loops.

The purpose of this study was to define the validation methods and outcomes of a conductance catheter system specifically for in vivo murine cardiac hemodynamic analysis. To express the relationshi...
Sortal, Relational, and Functional Interpretations of Nouns and Russian Container Constructions

Among the semantic types that nouns can take on, functional types are the smallest class, and functional nouns are probably not a linguistically distinct subcategory, pace Lobner (1985). But there are some interesting constructions specific to functional nouns, of which we discuss three, devoting most attention to the third. The three are (i) parameter-headed NPs as modifiers in English, as in a dress that length (Partee 1986), (ii) a construction in Russian known as Genitive with Obligatory Third Term (Borschev & Knorina 1990), similar to English person of medium height, *person of height and (iii) Russian Genitive of Measure construction(s), illustrated by stakan moloka 'glass of milk', involving a quantity of substance contained in a container. We describe a series of meaning-shifts that lead from the concrete container-noun to its use as a pure (functional) measure term. The main theoretical concerns here are these meaning shifts and the question of how many distinct senses need to be recognized. We close with some observations on the relation between linguistic and non-linguistic aspects of the natural-language metaphysics of containers.
The humanising power of medical history: responses to biomedicine in the 20th century United States

Most American historians of medicine today would be very hesitant about any claim that medical history humanises doctors, medical students or the larger health care enterprise. Yet, the idea that history can and ought to serve modern medicine as a humanising force has been a persistent refrain in American medicine. This essay explores the emergence of this idea from the end of the 19th century, precisely the moment when modern biomedicine became ascendant. At the same institutions where the new version of scientific medicine was most energetically embraced, some professional leaders warned that the allegiance to science driving the profession's technical and cultural success was endangering humanistic values fundamental to professionalism and the art of medicine. They saw in history a means for rehumanising modern medicine and countering the risk of cultural crisis. While some iteration of this vision of history was remarkably durable, the meanings attached to 'humanism' were both multiple and changing, and the role envisioned for history in a humanistic intervention was transformed. Starting in the 1960s as part of a larger cultural critique of the putative 'dehumanisation' of the medical establishment, some advocates promoted medical history as a tool to help fashion a new kind of humanist physician and to confront social inequities in the health care system. What has persisted across time is the way that the idea of history as a humanising force has almost always functioned as a discourse of deficiency-a response to perceived shortcomings of biomedicine, medical institutions and medical professionalism.
GRB7 is required for triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion and survival.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that is usually associated with poor prognosis, and frequently associated with the basal-like breast cancer gene expression profile. There are no targeted therapeutic modalities for this disease, and no useful bio- markers. High GRB7 RNA expression levels are associated with an elevated risk of recurrence in patients with oper- able TNBC treated with standard adjuvant anthracycline and taxane therapy. To determine whether GRB7 is involved in the pathobiology of TNBC, we evaluated the biological effects of GRB7 inhibition in a panel of triple- negative cell lines—MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, HCC70, and T4-2. We found GRB7 inhibition reduced cell motility and invasion of these cell lines and promoted cell death by apoptosis in 3D culture. These data suggest that GRB7 itself, or GRB7-dependent pathways, may prove to be important therapeutic targets in this disease.
Controlling Hydrogel Mechanics via Bio-Inspired Polymer-Nanoparticle Bond Dynamics.

Interactions between polymer molecules and inorganic nanoparticles can play a dominant role in nanocomposite material mechanics, yet control of such interfacial interaction dynamics remains a significant challenge particularly in water. This study presents insights on how to engineer hydrogel material mechanics via nanoparticle interface-controlled cross-link dynamics. Inspired by the adhesive chemistry in mussel threads, we have incorporated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) into a catechol-modified polymer network to obtain hydrogels cross-linked via reversible metal-coordination bonds at Fe3O4 NP surfaces. Unique material mechanics result from the supra-molecular cross-link structure dynamics in the gels; in contrast to the previously reported fluid-like dynamics of transient catechol–Fe3+ cross-links, the catechol–Fe3O4 NP structures provide solid-like yet reversible hydrogel mechanics. The structurally controlled hierarchical mechanics presented here suggest how to develop hydrogels with remote-co...
Ira Aldridge: The Early Years, 1807-1833

Ira Aldridge: The Early Years, 1807-1833 chronicles the rise of one of the modern world's first black classical actors, as he ascended from an impoverished childhood in New York City to a career as a celebrated thespian on the British stage. After a successful debut in London in 1825, Aldridge began touring the British provinces, billing himself grandiloquently as the "African Roscius," and attracting crowds with his powerful presence and style. He received accolades not only as a tragedian in classic roles such as Othello and Oroonoko but also as a comic actor in popular farces and musicals. In 1833, when a bill to abolish slavery was being debated in Parliament, he was called back to London to perform at one of the city's most prestigious theaters, where his appearance, now under his own name but also billed as "a native of Senegal," created a great deal of controversy. In dealing with Aldridge's emergence as a professional actor in the United Kingdom, Lindfors here records in detail the ups and downs of his itinerant existence in a world where no theatergoer had ever seen anyone like him on stage before. Aldridge was genuinely a unique phenomenon in Britain at a pivotal point in history. Bernth Lindfors is Professor Emeritus of English and African Literatures, University of Texas at Austin, and editor of Ira Aldridge: The African Roscius (University of Rochester Press, 2007).
PERMIAN ROSTROCONCHS (MOLLUSCA) FROM NEVADA

Abstract Small, silicified rostroconchs are present in the late Wolfcampian Bird Spring Formation in Nevada. Hadropipetta nevadaensis new species, Minycardita sectilis new genus and species, and Baiosoma sp. are described.
Patterns of Elder Abuse and Neglect in an Illinois Elder Abuse and Neglect Provider Agency: A Comparative Analysis

ABSTRACT The primary objectives of this study were: (a) to examine patterns of substantiated elder (persons 60 years and older) abuse and neglect among blacks in one provider agency of the Illinois Elder Abuse and Neglect Program and (b) to determine how those patterns differ between blacks (n = 48) and non-blacks (n = 59). With the exception of income and emotional abuse, African-American victims did not differ significantly from victims of other ethnic groups in demographic characteristics or their experience of physical abuse, physical neglect, confinement, deprivation, and financial exploitation. Approximately 53.0% of black perpetrators were females and 57.0% of non-black perpetrators were males. About 65.0% of black abusers were informal caregivers and 54% of the non-black abusers were informal caregivers. Close to 96.0% of black male abusers and 88.9% of the black female abusers had black victims. Similarly, 97.1% of non-black male abusers and 100.0% of non-black female abusers had non-black victim...
Tumor Effect‐Site Pharmacokinetics: Mechanisms and Impact on Efficacy

Biologics, particularly monoclonal antibodies, form a rapidly growing field of cancer therapeutics. These molecules have exquisite specificity for their targets, thereby reducing off-target effects. However, there are inherent challenges in managing the pharmacokinetics of biologics. In this chapter, focus on how mechanisms of distribution and efficacy play out at the site of action for cancer biologics: the tumor. The chapter first describes the distribution of antibodies and other macromolecules in tumors comprising the effects of tissue physiology, drug properties, and their interaction. A brief review of fluid transport in healthy and tumor tissues is followed by mechanisms that determine antibody distribution. The chapter details how this distribution ultimately impacts efficacy. It overviews cell-killing mechanisms leading into a discussion on how particular delivery issues impact each of these strategies. Keywords: antibody distribution; cancer therapeutics; efficient cell killing; fluid transport; monoclonal antibodies; tumor effect-site pharmacokinetics
Food Not Bombs, San Francisco Homeless Politics, and Liberal Regimes of Governmentality

This chapter is about the rise of Food Not Bombs, their role in highlighting the mistreatment of the homeless in San Francisco, and their impact on Art Agnos administration from 1988 to 1992. In this chapter, I contend that the liberal policies of Art Agnos towards the homeless follows the logic of what Michel Foucault called “governmentality.” Because the homeless often exist outside the confines of traditionally regulate politics and because they often disrupt commercial flows (especially regarding tourist dollars), I claim that Food Not Bombs and self-organized and radical homeless actions (such as public tent cities) illustrate one of the greatest threats to a biopolitical regime and liberal conceptions of governmentality. This chapter will begin a theoretical and historical discussion of homelessness followed by a narrative of Food Not Bombs during the Art Agnos’s mayoral administration and concluded with a brief discussion of liberal regimes of governmentality.
Applying Kasper and Petrello’s Nonjudgmental Approach to Navajo Students

1. Yi-Wen Huang[1][1][⇑][2] 1. 1University of New Mexico-Gallup, USA 1. Yi-Wen Huang, University of New Mexico-Gallup,Arts & Sciences Division, 702 Gurley Ave. Gallup, NM 87301, USA. Email: yhuang75{at}unm.edu This article aims to examine the factors which must be taken into consideration before attempting to utilize Kasper and Petrello’s nonjudgmental approach to English composition classes at a small 2-year college in the American Southwest. The majority of the students there are Navajo. Navajo oral tradition and syntax are two important factors to consider before utilizing this approach. Instructors are suggested to understand Navajo culture including oral tradition and syntax and direct students to the differences and similarities between Western and Navajo rhetorical patterns. [1]: #aff-1 [2]: #corresp-1
Endoscopic Endonasal and Keyhole Surgery for the Management of Skull Base Meningiomas

The resection of anterior skull base meningiomas has traditionally been performed via pterional or unilateral/bilateral subfrontal craniotomies. The supraorbital keyhole approach and the endoscopic endonasal approach, techniques in which the endoscope is used to aid visualization, were developed to provide alternative, less-invasive approaches to aid the resection of these tumors. The individual characteristics of each tumor, such as location and size, are the main determinants guiding the choice of approach. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed, along with complications specific to each technique. Furthermore, a detailed procedural description of each surgical approach is described.