cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Violent Delinquency: Using a Nationally Representative Sample

This study uses the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents (Add Health) data, a nationally representative sample of adolescents, to disentangle the relationship between child maltreatment and violent delinquency. Also examined are potential moderating effects of gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and religiosity on the association between child maltreatment and violent delinquency. Contrary to prior research findings, the current analyses reveal that physical abuse is not associated with future violent delinquency, whereas sexual abuse and neglect predict violent delinquency significantly. The current study also did not reveal any moderating effects of gender, SES, and religiosity on the association between maltreatment and violent delinquency. Interpretations of these findings are presented, drawing on the properties of the national probability sample compared to the findings of most prior studies that used localized samples.
Metal binding properties of a monoclonal antibody directed toward metal-chelate complexes

A monoclonal antibody that recognizes cadmium-EDTA complexes has been produced by the injection of BALB/c mice with a metal-chelate complex covalently coupled to a carrier protein. The ability of purified antibody to recognize 16 different metal-EDTA complexes was assessed by measuring equilibrium binding constants using a KinExATM immunoassay instrument. The antibody bound to cadmium- and mercury-EDTA complexes with equilibrium dissociation constants of 21 and 26 nM, respectively. All other metal-EDTA complexes tested, including those of Mn(II), In(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Fe(III), Pb(II), Au(III), Tb(III), Ga(III), Mg(II), and Al(III) bound with affinities from 20- to 40,000-fold less than that determined for the cadmium-EDTA complex. With the exception of mercury and magnesium, the binding of divalent metal-chelate complexes was well-correlated with the size of the metal ion. The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chain variable regions were deduced from polymerase chain reaction-amplified regions of the corresponding genes and subsequently used to construct molecular models of the antigen binding region. The key residue for cadmium binding in the model for 2A81G5 appeared to be histidine 96 in the heavy chain.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PRETREATMENT CD4 COUNT ON THE OUTCOME AND TREATMENT TOLERANCE OF HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH ANAL CANCER

Abstract Purpose: To assess the outcome and tolerance of HIV-positive patients with anal cancer to standard therapy based on their pretreatment CD4 count. Methods and Materials: Between 1991 and 1997, 17 HIV-positive patients with anal cancer and documented pretreatment CD4 counts were treated at the University of California, San Francisco or its affiliated hospitals with either concurrent chemotherapy and radiation or radiation alone. The outcome and complications of treatment were correlated with the patients’ pretreatment CD4 count. Results: Disease for all 9 patients with pretreatment CD4 counts ≥ 200 was controlled with chemoradiation. Although four required a treatment break of 2 weeks because of toxicity, none required hospitalization. Of the 8 patients with pretreatment CD4 counts Conclusion: Patients with CD4 ≥ 200 had excellent disease control with acceptable morbidity. Patients with CD4
Comparative Genomics of Drosophila mtDNA: Novel Features of Conservation and Change Across Functional Domains and Lineages

To gain insight on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evolution, we assembled and analyzed the mitochondrial genomes of Drosophila erecta, D. ananassae, D. persimilis, D. willistoni, D. mojavensis, D. virilis and D. grimshawi together with the sequenced mtDNAs of the melanogaster subgroup. Genomic comparisons across the well-defined Drosophila phylogeny impart power for detecting conserved mtDNA regions that maintain metabolic function and regions that evolve uniquely on lineages. Evolutionary rate varies across intergenic regions of the mtDNA. Rapidly evolving intergenic regions harbor the majority of mitochondrial indel divergence. In contrast, patterns of nearly perfect conservation within intergenic regions reveal a refined set of nucleotides underlying the binding of transcription termination factors. Sequencing of 5′ cDNA ends indicates that cytochrome C oxidase I (CoI) has a novel (T/C)CG start codon and that perfectly conserved regions upstream of two NADH dehydrogenase (ND) genes are transcribed and likely extend these protein sequences. Substitutions at synonymous sites in the Drosophila mitochondrial proteomes reflect a mutation process that is biased toward A and T nucleotides and differs between mtDNA strands. Differences in codon usage bias across genes reveal that weak selection at silent sites may offset the mutation bias. The mutation-selection balance at synonymous sites has also diverged between the Drosophila and Sophophora lineages. Rates of evolution are highly heterogeneous across the mitochondrial proteome, with ND accumulating many more amino acid substitutions than CO. These oxidative phosphorylation complex-specific rates of evolution vary across lineages and may reflect physiological and ecological change across the Drosophila phylogeny.
Unity and diversity in prominent US futures studies

Abstract The findings of a survey of 22 prominent US futures studies published between 1967 and 1982 are presented. Common themes and divergences among the studies are delineated, and the underlying reasons for these are discussed, in order to throw some light on the strengths and limitations of futures studies as a whole.
Comparative Uptake of Fluoride from Sodium Fluoride, Ammonium Fluoride, and Barium Fluoride in Rat Teeth when Predominantly Administered in the Pre-eruptive Stage of Development

A comparative study was undertaken which focused on the systemic uptake of sodium fluoride (NaF), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and barium fluoride (BaF2) in rat pups. Two critical achievements made this comparative study possible: (a) the demonstration of significant increases in fluoride (F) uptake-deposition in the treatment group pups relative to control group rats as a result of stomach tube feeding; and (b) the demonstration of clear-cut differences in F concentration levels between the treatment groups as a result of this stomach tube-systemic uptake. Data were reliable and significant enough to suggest that, of the 3 compounds in question, NH4F is absorbed most successfully in a systemic fashion, whereas BaF2 is the least absorbed.
Effective Document-Level Features for Chinese Patent Word Segmentation

A patent is a property right for an invention granted by the government to the inventor. Patents often have a high concentration of scientific and technical terms that are rare in everyday language. However, some scientific and technical terms usually appear with high frequency only in one specific patent. In this paper, we propose a pragmatic approach to Chinese word segmentation on patents where we train a sequence labeling model based on a group of novel document-level features. Experiments show that the accuracy of our model reached 96.3% (F1 score) on the development set and 95.0% on a held-out test set.
Genital warts and other HPV infections: Established and novel therapies

Wart therapies involve methods of targeted lesion destruction, as well as selective immunologic modification. While there are several therapeutic options, no treatment has been proven to be superior in terms of clinical clearance or recurrence. Controlled trials comparing treatments are currently lacking. Many factors are used in the selection of treatment. Variables that should be taken into account include but are not limited to the morphology of the lesions such as thickness and size, quantity, anatomic location, human papilloma virus (HPV) classification, immunocompromized or immune competent status, as well as the preferences of the patient and the provider, cost and availability. No current treatment completely eradicates the human papillomavirus virus. The availability of vaccinations against HPV infection is contributing to the decreasing incidence of this disease. This contribution highlights conventional therapies, off-label treatment strategies including combination therapies, and prophylaxis for condylomata acuminata.
Alumina fibre FP

A new experimental inorganic fibre currently under development at the Du Pont Company is a continuous filament, polycrystalline a-alumina yarn designated Fibre FP. This fibre is suitable for reinforcing a variety of materials, especially non-ferrous metal castings because of a combination of properties such as high strength and modulus, stability at elevated temperatures, composite castability and potentially low cost. Fibre FP, essentially > 99 % a-Al 2 O 3 , is made by a novel continuous ceramic fibre process utilizing low cost textile fibre spinning technology and is produced as a yarn containing 210 filaments. The modulus of Fibre FP is 379 GPa (55 x 10 6 lbf in -2 ) with a tensile strength of 1380 MPa (200000 lbf in -2 ). The room temperature strength and modulus of the fibre are retained to about 1000 °C. Recently, higher strength FP fibres with a tensile strength of 2070 MPa (300000 lbf in -2 ) have been demonstrated on a laboratory scale.
HIV Testing of Tuberculosis Patients by Public and Private Providers in New York City

Thirty percent of tuberculosis (TB) patients in New York City in 2007 were not tested for HIV, which may be attributable to differential testing behaviors between private and public TB providers. Adult TB cases in New York City from 2001 to 2007 (n = 5,172) were evaluated for an association between TB provider type (private or public) and HIV testing. Outcomes examined were offers of HIV tests and patient refusal of HIV testing, using multivariate logistic and binomial regression, respectively. HIV test offers were less frequent among patients who visited only private providers than patients who visited only public providers [males: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.33, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.74; females: aOR 0.26, 95 % CI 0.12–0.57]. Changing from private to public providers was associated with an increase in HIV tests offered among male patients (aOR 1.96, 95 % CI 1.04–3.70). Among patients who did not use substances, those who visited only private providers were more likely to refuse HIV testing than those who visited only public providers [males: adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.26, 95 % CI 0.99–1.60; females: aPR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.43–2.22]. Patients of private providers were less likely to have an HIV test performed during their TB treatment. Education of TB providers should emphasize HIV testing of all TB patients, especially among patients who are traditionally considered low-risk.
Effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the development and expression of running wheel activity and circadian rhythms in male rats

In humans, anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use has been associated with hyperactivity and disruption of circadian rhythmicity. We used an animal model to determine the impact of AAS on the development and expression of circadian function. Beginning on day 68 gonadally intact male rats received testosterone, nandrolone, or stanozolol via constant release pellets for 60 days; gonadally intact controls received vehicle pellets. Wheel running was recorded in a 12:12 LD cycle and constant dim red light (RR) before and after AAS implants. Post-AAS implant, circadian activity phase, period and mean level of wheel running wheel activity were compared to baseline measures. Post-AAS phase response to a light pulse at circadian time 15 h was also tested. To determine if AAS differentially affects steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) expression we measured SRC-1 and SRC-2 protein in brain. Running wheel activity was significantly elevated by testosterone, significantly depressed by nandrolone, and unaffected by stanozolol. None of the AAS altered measures of circadian rhythmicity or phase response. While SRC-1 was unaffected by AAS exposure, SRC-2 was decreased by testosterone in the hypothalamus. Activity levels, phase of peak activity and circadian period all changed over the course of development from puberty to adulthood. Development of activity was clearly modified by AAS exposure as testosterone significantly elevated activity levels and nandrolone significantly suppressed activity relative to controls. Thus, AAS exposure differentially affects both the magnitude and direction of developmental changes in activity levels depending in part on the chemical composition of the AAS.
Deadlock Avoidance Policy in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks with Free Choice Resource Routing

Efficient control schemes are required for effective cooperation of robot teams in a mobile wireless sensor network. If the robots (resources) are also in charge of executing multiple simultaneous missions, then risks of deadlocks due to the presence of shared resources among different missions increase and have to be tackled. Discrete event control with deadlock avoidance has been used in the past for robot team coordination for the case of multi reentrant flowline models with shared resources. In this paper we present an analysis of deadlock avoidance for a generalized case of multi reentrant flow line systems (MRF) called the Free Choice Multi Reentrant Flow Line systems (FMRF). In FMRF, some tasks have multiple resource choices; hence routing decisions have to be made and current results in deadlock avoidance for MRF do not hold. This analysis is based on the so-called Circular Waits (CW) of the resources in the system. For FMRF, the well known notions of Critical Siphons and Critical Subsystems must be generalized and we redefine these objects for such systems. Our second contribution provides a matrix formulation that efficiently computes the objects required for deadlock avoidance in FMRF systems. A MAXWIP dispatching policy is formulated for deadlock avoidance in FMRF systems. According to this policy, deadlock in FMRF is avoided by limiting the work in progress (WIP) in the critical subsystems of each CW. Implemented results of the proposed scheme in a WSN test-bed is presented in the
Annual Screening with Select Coronary Angiography for Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (CAV) is Unnecessary in the Presence of a Normal Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (DSE)

Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients with a HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device Salpy V. Pamboukian, Mark S. Slaughter, Howard K. Song, Charles T. Klodell, David R. Hathaway, Keith D. Aaronson; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL; Heartware Inc, Framingham, MA; University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
Complications of scrotal surgery for benign conditions.

OBJECTIVES Frequent complications have been reported after scrotal surgery. We reviewed our experience to determine the complication rates, risk factors, and how our experience might differ from other series. METHODS We reviewed all scrotal surgery for benign conditions at the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System from 1998 to 2004. The abstracted data included indications, comorbidities, perioperative antimicrobial use, operative procedures, use of drains, and complications. RESULTS Ninety-five patients underwent 110 procedures, including hydrocelectomy (55%), spermatocelectomy (15%), epididymectomy (4%), and bilateral or combination procedures (27%). Preoperative antimicrobial administration was documented before 80 (73%) of the 110 procedures. The follow-up ranged from 0 to 85 months (mean 36). Complications occurred after 22 (20%) of the 110 procedures and included recurrences (6%), hematomas (5%), and infections (3.6%), with 95% of complications occurring after hydrocelectomy (odds ratio 9.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 71.6). The potential patient and surgical risk factors considered were immunocompromised status, undergoing a bilateral procedure, a high American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, and the use of drains. CONCLUSIONS Our overall complication rate was 20%, with most occurring after hydrocele surgery (chi-square, P = 0.01). The 3.6% wound infection rate was substantially lower than that in recent series in which preoperative antimicrobial agents were not prescribed. In the absence of a prospective clinical trial, these findings suggest that scrotal procedures might merit consideration of routine antimicrobial prophylaxis.
A two-dimensional Fibonacci buddy system for dynamic resource management in a partitionable mesh

In this paper, the utilization of a partitionable mesh-connected multiprocessor system using a two-dimensional Fibonacci buddy system is evaluated and compared to that of a two-dimensional binary buddy system. The average internal fragmentation of the mesh is analyzed, while the average external fragmentation is measured by simulation for job size under the uniform, and the truncated exponential distributions, respectively. The average internal fragmentation is also analyzed for the case where job size was uniformly distributed, but linearly related to job processing time. The worst case utilization of the mesh is also investigated for unrestricted request sequences.
Development of cell type-specific connectivity patterns of converging excitatory axons in the retina.

To integrate information from different presynaptic cell types, dendrites receive distinct patterns of synapses from converging axons. How different afferents in vivo establish specific connectivity patterns with the same dendrite is poorly understood. Here, we examine the synaptic development of three glutamatergic bipolar cell types converging onto a common postsynaptic retinal ganglion cell. We find that after axons and dendrites target appropriate synaptic layers, patterns of connections among these neurons diverge through selective changes in the conversion of axo-dendritic appositions to synapses. This process is differentially regulated by neurotransmission, which is required for the shift from single to multisynaptic appositions of one bipolar cell type but not for maintenance and elimination, respectively, of connections from the other two types. Thus, synaptic specificity among converging excitatory inputs in the retina emerges via differential synaptic maturation of axo-dendritic appositions and is shaped by neurotransmission in a cell type-dependent manner.
Day case surgery in otolaryngology: The setting up and first year of a freestanding unit

A freestanding day case surgery unit for ENT cases is described and the first year 's experience reviewed. Special attention is paid to the variety, and complications, of surgery as the freestanding unit is 17 miles from the main ENT centre. The difficulties of running the unit are reviewed. The problems encountered include arranging training for the staff and maintaining optimum throughput of cases. Consideration is also given to the setting up and running costs of the unit. Four hundred and seventy-seven patients were treated from 46 lists. This accounted for 64 per cent of the total number of patients having ENT surgery in 1992 from our area.
LOW TEMPERATURE EMBRITTLEMENT MECHANICS DEDUCED FROM ZINC SINGLE CRYSTAL FRACTURE STUDIES

Abstract The most important conclusion of this work is that low temperature brittleness in zinc single crystals is not due to the cessation of slip below a certain temperature. On the contrary slip is quite active, and it is its activity that induces low temperature brittleness: slip causes rotation of the lattice which in turn sets up orientation gradients adjacent to constricted and unslipped regions. At high temperatures these orientation gradients are accommodated by bend-planes, at low temperatures, by cleavage.
Sequential Document Visualization

Documents and other categorical valued time series are often characterized by the frequencies of short range sequential patterns such as n-grams. This representation converts sequential data of varying lengths to high dimensional histogram vectors which are easily modeled by standard statistical models. Unfortunately, the histogram representation ignores most of the medium and long range sequential dependencies making it unsuitable for visualizing sequential data. We present a novel framework for sequential visualization of discrete categorical time series based on the idea of local statistical modeling. The framework embeds categorical time series as smooth curves in the multinomial simplex summarizing the progression of sequential trends. We discuss several visualization techniques based on the above framework and demonstrate their usefulness for document visualization.
The mechanisms of working memory capacity: Primary memory, secondary memory, and attention control

Working memory capacity is traditionally treated as a unitary construct that can be explained using one cognitive mechanism (e.g., storage, attention control). Several recent studies have, however, demonstrated that multiple mechanisms are needed to explain individual differences in working memory capacity. The present study focuses on three such mechanisms: Maintenance/disengagement in primary memory, retrieval from sec- ondary memory, and attention control. Structural equation modeling reveals that each of these mechanisms is important to explaining individual differences in working memory capacity. Further analyses reveal that the degree to which these mechanisms are apparent may be driven by the type of task used to operationalize working memory capacity. Spe- cifically, complex span (processing and storage) and visual arrays (change detection) per- formance is strongly related to a person's attention control, while running memory span (memory for last n items on a list) performance has a relationship to primary memory that is apparent above-and-beyond other working memory tasks. Finally, regardless of the working memory task that is used, it is found that primary and secondary memory fully explain the relationship of working memory capacity to general fluid intelligence.
Bridged filaments of histone-like nucleoid structuring protein pause RNA polymerase and aid termination in bacteria

Genes—which are made of DNA—contain the genetic blueprint of an organism. Different genes are switched on (expressed) at various points in an organism's life when they are needed. When a gene is switched on or ‘expressed’, the DNA is copied using molecules of ribonucleic acid (RNA) that can then be used as templates to make proteins. One way that the expression of genes can be controlled is by the way that DNA is packaged in cells. In humans and other eukaryotic organisms, DNA is packaged within groups or ‘complexes’ of proteins called histones. The histones can interact with the cellular machinery that moves along the gene and makes the RNA copies. In doing so, the histones can alter the length of the RNA copies, and if the RNAs are too short, they will not be used to make proteins so the gene is effectively switched off. We know much less about how DNA packaging in bacteria cells affects gene expression. There are many different DNA packaging complexes in bacteria and they are less stable than the histones in eukaryotes, which makes them harder to study. In the bacteria Escherichia coli, the main DNA packaging protein is the histone-like structuring protein (H-NS). This protein binds to the DNA at select sites and forms filaments that can link to each other to form bridges between different stretches of DNA. In this study, Kotlajich et al. found that the bridged filaments formed by the H-NS protein interfere with the production of RNA copies. It is normal for the enzyme that makes RNA copies from DNA—called RNA polymerase—to make short pauses while it moves along the DNA. However, the bridged filaments made by H-NS cause RNA polymerase to pause for longer periods of time. These delays provide more time for another protein that halts gene copying to bind to the site where the RNA polymerase has paused, leading to RNA molecules that are too short to make proteins. It has previously been shown that there is less bridging between H-NS filaments in some bacteria when they are grown in warmer temperatures—around 37°C—than when they are grown in cooler temperatures of around 20–30°C. This may allow bacteria that cause diseases in animals to increase the expression of genes that help them outwit the host's defenses and to resist antibiotic treatments when they enter a warm animal body from a colder environment.
The Association of Distributive and Procedural Justice With Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The nucleus of any correctional organization is its correctional staff. There are expected in-role behaviors and duties of the staff, but extra-role behaviors (referred to as organizational citizen...
Age, Period, and Cohort Effects

The National Youth Survey sample is drawn from seven cohorts, aged 11–17 in the first year of data collection (1976) and aged 18–24 in the most recent year for which data are presently available. The oldest cohort was born in 1959, near the peak of the postwar baby boom; the youngest was born in 1965, a year in which total fertility rates had declined back to their 1946 levels (Easterlin, 1987), thereby marking the end of the baby boom. Table 4.1 presents age and cohort statistics for the National Youth Survey’s seven cohorts.
Performance and Power Benefits of Sharing Execution Units between a High Performance Core and a Low Power Core

Several studies and real world designs have advocated the sharing of large execution units between pairs of cores in Symmetric Multicore Processors (SMP) for area and power savings. Such sharing was shown to have negligible impact on performance. Recently, a number of Asymmetric Multicore Processor (AMP) designs have become available. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether sharing of resources across AMPs offers similar benefits. Our study shows that while the area and the power savings remain similar, the performance of the smaller core in the AMP can improve significantly making sharing even more attractive for AMPs. Simulation results indicate that for certain workloads, the performance of the small core may improve by as much as 54% by sharing certain large execution resources of the big core, while affecting the performance of the big core by only ~4%, resulting in an overall gain in system performance of 20%. The corresponding improvement in aggregate performance/Watt is 12% while the area savings is about 7%.
Evaluation of the eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus as an amplifying vertebrate host for Cache Valley virus (Bunyaviridae) in Indiana.

To evaluate the importance of eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) as amplifying hosts for Cache Valley virus (CVV), we tested hunter-provided blood samples from northern Indiana for specific neutralizing (N) antibodies against this mosquito-borne bunyavirus. Samples were collected during the winter of 1994–95. Two seronegative eastern cottontails, captured in July 1995, were also infected with CVV by subcutaneous inoculation, and two others were infected by allowing CVV-infected mosquitoes to feed on them. The results indicate that eastern cottontails probably are not important amplifying hosts for CVV. The prevalence of N antibodies against CVV was low (6.0%, n=82) among the hunter-killed animals. Low viremia (<1.8 log10 plaque-forming units/ml) of short duration (1–3 days) were seen in three of four experimentally infected eastern cottontails. The viremias were insufficient for infecting Coquillettidia perturbans, a mosquito species commonly found naturally infected with CVV.
Addition of UV Endonuclease to Permeable XP Cells to Analyze the Relation of Poly(ADPR) Synthesis to DNA Repair

Poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) is synthesized from NAD+ by poly(ADPR) polymerase, which is a tightly bound chromosomal enzyme whose activity is stimulated when cells are treated with various DNA-damaging agents.1–4 The rapid synthesis and degradation of ADP ribose polymers has the potential for causing drastic but reversible alterations in chromatin conformation. Since poly(ADPR) synthesis increases in response to DNA damage, it was proposed that poly(ADPR) might be involved in the DNA repair process, altering chromatin structure so as to make DNA-damaged regions more readily accessible to the enzymes of DNA repair.2–5 Part of this proposal has been confirmed by the demonstration that inhibitors of poly(ADPR) synthesis interfere with the ability of cells to recover and proliferate following DNA damage.6 In addition, cells made NAD+-deficient by nicotinamide starvation are unable to carry out unscheduled DNA synthesis after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG); they are also unable to reseal DNA strand breaks after treatment with dimethyl sulfate.6,7
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTHERN PYGMY-OWLS IN OREGON

ABSTRACT We conducted acoustic lure surveys of Northern Pygmy-Owls (Glaucidium gnoma) on 224 transects that were systematically placed in forested areas in Oregon. Our objectives were to determine if pygmy-owls were associated with particular forest types, regions, or with large trees. We also examined temporal variation in numbers of owls located. We detected pygmy-owls at 161 of 224 transects. The mean number of owls detected per linear km on individual transects was 0.21 (SE = 0.01, range of means = 0–1.07, N = 224). Mean detections per transect were highest in the Western Cascades, intermediate in the Coast Ranges, Klamath Mountains, Eastern Cascades, and Blue Mountains, and lowest in the Willamette Valley and High Desert Ecoregions. The mean number of owls detected per transect was highest in mesic Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine forests (Pinus ponderosa), intermediate in conifer/hardwood and mixed-conifer forests, and lowest in alpine conifers, deciduous hardwoods, and w...
The isolated Islamists: The case of the Allied Democratic Forces in the Ugandan-Congolese borderland

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the absence of substantive linkages between locally based Salafi Jihadist movements and their more transnational counterparts such as Al-Qaeda or ISIS. While studies have addressed the heterogeneity in Jihadi alliances, the question of why inter-Jihadi ties are completely absent or tenuous at times is under-theorized in the literature. Given ISIS’s recent inexorable advance through the Middle East and North Africa and its ever-growing ties with local Jihadists, it is timely to investigate under what conditions locally based militant Islamists are less likely to forge ties with global Jihadists. Using the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)—a militant Islamist group in the Ugandan-Congolese borderland—as an illustrative case study, the research sheds light on conditions under which inter-Jihadi ties are less likely. These include the extent of ideological divergence between local and global Jihadists, the degree of relevance to the local community, and the fear of attracting new ...
APORTES MORFOTAXONÓMICOS EN EL GENERO Aspergillus Link: CLAVES PARA LAS ESPECIES AMBIENTALES Y CLINICAS MAS COMUNES

Se condensan los principales alcances en el genero Aspergillus y las metodologias de diagnostico morfo-taxonomico de las especies mas comunes de utilidad para el micologo en areas clinicas y ambientales. Se aporta informacion bibliografica actualizada para las determinaciones polifasicas de las especies y algunas claves morfofisiologicas tentativas en ciertos taxa de importancia medica, con enfasis en la Seccion Fumigati.
The Characterization of the QA Binding Site of the Reaction Center of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

Quinones are important participants in respiratory and photosynthetic electron-transfer chains. Some are found tightly associated with individual redox proteins/ while others are considered to be free in the bilayer membrane, where/ as a pool/ they serve as electron or hydrogen carriers between specific sites on different proteins within the membrane.
Screening Level Mission Modeling and Simulation of Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies

Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies project, sponsored by Army Research Laboratory sponsored project, aims to develop novel technologies to enhance tactical situational awareness in complex terrain of a small military unit. The vision is to enable multifunctional, autonomous, and collaborative ensemble of microsystems to conduct intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. The paper presents a methodology to model and simulate MAST integrated systems for specific mission scenarios for screening purposes. The intent is to be able to evaluate mission performance of thousands of different alternative microsystems rapidly. Requirements for a generalized mission-level modeling and simulation methodology are presented and a framework, along with evaluation metrics, is built upon them. For purpose of this research, NetLogo platform is utilized to develop the modeling and simulation environment. A test case of convoy assistance mission is used for proof of concept implementation. Results present evaluation of mission Measures of Effectiveness in terms of vehicle level Measures of Performance, providing insight into how physical system attributes influence vehicle performance and mission success.
GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN OENOTHERA LACINIATA (ONAGRACEAE), A PERMANENT TRANSLOCATION HETEROZYGOTE.

Electrophoretic studies have revealed remarkable variability within and among populations of several unisexual animal species. Multiple genotypes, detected by various allozyme phenotypes, exist for unisexual insects (Parker et al., 1977; Suomalinen et al., 1977; Mitter et al., 1979), fishes (Schultz, 1977), lizards (Uzzell and Darevsky, 1975; Parker and Selander, 1976) and annelids (Christensen et al., 1976; Jaenike and Selander, 1979). The few studies employing allozymes as genetic markers for clonal plant species have either focused closely on one or a few populations (Solbrig and Simpson, 1974; Hancock and Wilson, 1976; Hancock, 1977; Steiner and Levin, 1977; Silander, 1979) or concentrated mainly on interpopulational differences (Solbrig, 1971; Levin, 1975; Levy and Winternheimer, 1977; Ellstrand and Levin, 1980a, 1980b). No study has yet described genotypic diversity both within plant populations and over the range of a clonal plant species. The object of this study is to obtain a minimal determination of levels of diversity in a clonal plant species and compare these levels with those exhibited within and among populations of unisexual animal species. The species chosen for study is Oenothera laciniata Hill, an annualwhich occurs in disturbed sandy soils from Texas east to the Atlantic coast and north to Illinois and New Jersey (P. Raven, pers. comm.). This species is a permanent translocation heterozygote, cytogenetically studied throughout its range (Hecht, 1950; Gregory and Klein, 1960; McMullen, 1966; Cleland, 1968; P. Raven and W. Dietrich, pers. comm.). Permanent translocation heterozygosity is an unusual genetic system which results in an effectively asexual mode of reproduction (for details, see Cleland, 1972). Oenothera laciniata is probably a derivative of 0. grandis Smyth, an outcrosser with a conventional genetic system, which occurs primarily in south and central Texas (Munz, 1965; Ellstrand and Levin, 1980b).
Matrix Modeling Methods for Space Exploration Campaign Logistics Analysis

This paper proposes a matrix based modeling approach for analyzing exploration campaign logistics. A matrix representation of the cargo carried by flights for consumption in different time periods (or missions) is formulated. The matrix adopts specific structures based on the nature of the campaign, thereby allowing a quick visualization of the campaign properties. A Logistics Strategy Index (LSI) is proposed for quantifying manifesting strategies, and a Flight Criticality Index (FCI) is defined to help in identifying important flights from a cargo delivery perspective and aid in assessing impact of flight cancellations, failures and delays. The method is demonstrated on a lunar outpost establishment campaign, for which a campaign LSI of 0.81 was found. This means that most of the cargo is pre-positioned and only 19% needs to be carried along. Nomenclature
Eye-sparing multidisciplinary approach for the management of lacrimal gland carcinoma.

Background We analyzed local control and early ocular toxicity after eye-sparing management of lacrimal gland carcinoma. Methods For consecutive patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma treated during 2007 to 2014, we reviewed tumor characteristics, treatment details, ocular toxic effects, and recurrence. Results Twenty patients, median age 55 years, were treated for lacrimal gland carcinoma during the study period; 11 had globe-sparing surgery. Seven patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma, 2 had carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, and 1 each had high-grade and low-grade adenocarcinoma. Ten patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy, median 60 Gy (range, 52–64 Gy), 6 with concurrent chemotherapy. At a median of 30 months after radiation, all patients had dry eye syndrome, and 1 patient had severe corneal and conjunctival damage leading to enucleation. All 11 patients were disease free at last contact, median follow-up after surgery of 33 months. Conclusion An eye-sparing approach with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is feasible for selected patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma and is associated with a reasonable locoregional control and ocular toxicity profile. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Computational Prediction of Forces and Moments for Transport Aircraft

A sequence of computations for the DLR-F6 wing-body configuration with and without the FX2B fairing was carried out using Tenasi , a node-centered, finite volume unstructured flow solver. All simulations were carried out at a Mach number of 0.75 and at two different Reynolds numbers (3x10 6 and 5x10 6 ). Significant sensitivity of the lift and drag coefficients to Reynolds number was observed. Lift, drag and moment coefficients along with pressure distributions were compared to experimental data for the DLR-F6 wing-body configuration (Re = 3x10 6 ) and were in good agreement. A turbulence model as well as a grid refinement study was carried out for the DLR-F6 with FX2B fairing (Re = 5x10 6 ). Lift, drag and moment coefficients are compared to other computations for the DLR-F6 with FX2B fairing.
Intimate partner sexual coercion mediates the childhood sexual abuse-suicidal ideation link among African American women

Suicide is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and intimate partner violence are significant risk factors for suicidal ideation among women. The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships among these three constructs and test if intimate partner sexual coercion may explain the CSA-suicidal ideation link. African American women (N = 141) completed an assessment of childhood trauma, intimate partner sexual coercion, and suicide ideation. A significant positive correlation was found between CSA and sexual coercion, between CSA and suicidal ideation, and between sexual coercion and suicidal ideation. Also, intimate partner sexual coercion was found to mediate the relationship between CSA and suicidal ideation when controlling for covariates such as spiritual well-being, self-esteem, and barriers to services. The association between CSA and suicidal ideation may be explained by sexual revictimization in the context of an intimate relationship among African American women. Clinically, practitioners should engage in regular screening for suicide ideation among African American women who have experienced CSA and intimate partner sexual coercion. Language: en
The prevalent trend of varicellak analysis 2009~2011 in South Dongcheng District,Beijing

Objective:Get to know the epidemic characteristics and cases' characteristics of varicella in South Dongcheng District.Guide varicella cases protection.Methods:Conduct epidemic analysis on the 5 breakout cases with the reference of the report of local varicella cases epidemic analysis in South Dongcheng Distric.Results:The annual outbreak rate in South Dongcheng Distric is 79.3/100,000.The 5~9 year-old group has the highest morbidity.The highest attack rate for the 5 cases is 2.5%,with 1.1% for the lowest.The attack rate for the first case group is 2.5%,with 28.6% for the highest.47% of the breakout cases happen to 8~9 age group.Conclusion:Enforced monitoring for the elementary students with 5 year vacicella vaccination or older can effectively prevent the outbreak of varicella.
Overview on Federal Target Programs in High-tech Sector of Russia

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,the economy and technology development in Russia faced a serious situation.The Putin administration introduced a series of Federal Target Programs successively in high-tech sector,in order to protect Russian national security,achieve industrial upgrading and improve people's livelihood.At the same time,Russia determined the priorities and key areas of its national science and technology development to support the national economic modernization and the enhancement of overall competitiveness.The paper introduces the main tasks and key measures of Federal Target Programs,and analyzes the key layout of Russia's high-tech development,hoping to provide some reference for deepening the scientific and technological and economic cooperation between China and Russia.
Professors and Tycoons: The Creation of Great Research Libraries in the American West

This essay explains why several western research libraries emerged and the relationship between wealthy benefactors and well-known historians. the story of these indispensable institutions and the people who created them is a significant chapter in the early twentieth-century intellectual history of the American West and the historical profession.
Prescription opioid misuse among rural community pharmacy patients: pilot study for screening and implications for future practice and research

BACKGROUND: Opioid misuse imposes a disproportionately heavy burden on individuals living in rural areas. Community pharmacy has the potential to expand and coordinate with health professionals to identify and intervene with those who misuse opioids. Objective: Rural and urban community pharmacy patients were recruited in this pilot project to describe and compare patterns of opioid misuse. Methods: We administered a health screening survey in 4 community pharmacies among patients filling opioid medications. Univariate statistics were used to assess differences in health characteristics and opioid medication misuse behaviors between rural and urban respondents. Multivariable statistics were used to identify risk factors associated with rural and urban opioid misuse. Results: A total of 333 participants completed the survey. Participants in rural settings had poorer overall health, higher pain levels, lower education, and a higher rate of unemployment compared to patients in urban pharmacies. Rural respondents with illicit drug use (adjustable odds ratio [aOR]: 14.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.16-95.38), posttraumatic stress disorder (aOR: 5.44, 95% CI = 1.52-19.50), and ≤high school education (aOR: 6.68, 95% CI = 1.06-42.21) had increased risk for opioid misuse. Conclusions: Community pharmacy represents a promising resource for potential identification of opioid misuse, particularly in rural communities. Continued research must extend these findings and work to establish collaborative services in rural settings. Language: en
Tears of Grief

Crying is a major form of emotional release, and cathartic therapists generally consider it helpful. It relieves tension and helps individuals think more clearly. Tears are present in a wide variety of situations: We cry in grief over the death of a loved one, on happy occasions, when homesick, and when we are in pain. This chapter focuses on the evidence that crying has healing properties in the process of bereavement.
The role of local topological information in viral information spreading

The intricate structure of many large-scale networked systems has attracted the attention of the scientific community, leading to many results attempting to explain the relationship between a network's structural features and the performance of spreading processes taking place in the network. A common approach to study this relationship is the usage of random networks in which structural properties of interest are prescribed. Although very common, this approach presents two major flaws. First, traditional random networks only allow to study the effect of very simple structural properties, such as degree distributions, on spreading processes. Second, random networks indirectly induce structural properties that are not directly controlled in the random model and can influence the behavior of spreading processes. In this work, we propose an alternative approach to overcome these limitations. In our approach, we use algebraic graph theory and convex optimization to study how structural properties constrain the behavior of spreading processes in the network. Based on our results, we analytically study the effect of a collection of relevant structural properties in the behavior of spreading processes in large-scale networks. We illustrate our approach with nontrivial numerical simulations using real data from an online social network.
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I in a term neonate with late onset sepsis: a case report

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder of leukocyte function characterized by marked leucocytosis secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. LAD type I results from lack of expression of leukocyte cell surface β2 integrins (CD 11 and CD 18) that are essential for leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and chemotaxis. LAD I is characterized by delayed separation of the umbilical cord, recurrent life-threatening infections of oral and genital mucosa, skin, intestine and respiratory tract. There is impaired pus formation and delayed wound healing despite extreme neutrophilia. Children with severe form of LAD I (<1% expression of CD18) have the worst prognosis and succumb to infections by 2 years of age. Study reports a case of LAD I in a term neonate who presented with sepsis and the diagnosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. Around 400 cases of LAD I were diagnosed worldwide so far, with very few cases reported from India.
The time is right for an international primary ciliary dyskinesia disease registry.

Rare diseases present diagnostic and management challenges to patients, healthcare providers and researchers. These diseases are often inherited, typically diagnosed upon presentation during childhood and can have deleterious long-term effects on patient wellbeing [1]. According to the regulatory and policy definition, a rare disease is any condition or disease affecting 7000 rare diseases estimated to affect ∼25 million people in North America and 30 million people in Europe [3, 4], even large medical centres are unlikely to have garnered sufficient patient care experience to accurately identify and effectively manage patients with these rare disorders. Diagnostic consensus is a crucial first step toward better understanding of PCD