cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A provenance-based approach to semantic web service description and discovery

Web services have become common, if not essential, in the areas of business-to-business integration, distributed computing, and enterprise application integration. Yet the XML-based standards for web service descriptions encode only a syntactic representation of the service input and output. The actual meaning of these terms, their formal definitions, and their relationships to other concepts are not represented. This poses challenges for leveraging web services in the development of software capabilities. As the number of services grows and the specificity of users' needs increases, the ability to find an appropriate service for a specific application is strained. In order to overcome this challenge, semantic web services were proposed. For the discovery of web services, semantic web services use ontologies to find matches between user requirements and service capabilities. The computational reasoning afforded by ontologies enables users to find categorizations that weren't explicitly defined. However, there are a number of methodological variants on semantic web service discovery. Based on e-Science, an analog to e-Business, one methodology advocates deep and detailed semantic description of a web service's inputs and outputs. Yet, this methodology predates recent advances in semantic web and provenance research, and it is unclear the extent to which it applies outside of e-Science. We explore this question through a within-subjects experiment and we extend this methodology with current research in provenance, semantic web, and web service standards, developing and empirically evaluating an integrated approach to web service description and discovery. Implications for more advanced web service discovery algorithms and user interfaces are also presented. We address limitations in semantic web service discovery.Our approach is grounded in semantic web standards and W3C provenance ontology.Our user study indicates the results extend beyond e-Science.Our user study provides insights for web service discovery applications.We have created a new publicly available provenance ontology for service discovery.
Polylogic Realization of Switching Functions

The properties of polynomic functions on Rn are reviewed. Such functions are then used to establish a general synthesis procedure for arbitrary multivalued switching functions. The relationship with threshold logic and Boolean logic is also explored.
A simulation of the laser interferometer space antenna data stream from galactic white dwarf binaries

Gravitational radiation from the galactic population of white dwarf binaries is expected to produce a background signal in the laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) frequency band. At frequencies below 1 mHz, this signal is expected to be confusion limited and has been approximated as Gaussian noise. At frequencies above about 5 mHz, the signal will consist of separable individual sources. We have produced a simulation of the LISA data stream from a population of 90k galactic binaries in the frequency range between 1 and 5 mHz. This signal is compared with the simulated signal from globular cluster populations of binaries. Notable features of the simulation as well as potential data analysis schemes for extracting information are presented.
Photophysical properties of a series of free-base corroles.

Four free-base corroles with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups on the para or 2 through 6-positons of the meso phenyl rings were prepared via either Paolesse or Gross conditions and investigated for their absorption and emission properties. The triaryl corroles 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole, 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, 5,10,15-tris(p-nitrophenyl)corrole, and 5,10,15-tris(p-methoxyphenyl)corrole were examined. Absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were performed on all compounds in both nonpolar (dichloromethane) and polar (dimethylacetamide) solvents. The experimental evidence points to hydrogen bonding with an internal N−H group as the most likely factor in the solvent-dependent photophysical behavior of these corroles, that is also highly dependent upon substitution.
Late-life depression: Psychopathology, medical interventions, and dental implications

Background. Late-life depression (LLD) initially occurs after age 65 years and is a major public health concern because the elderly who are at high risk constitute an ever-expanding segment of the population. LLD is a mental illness in which mood, thought content, and behavioral patterns are impaired, causing the individual distress, compromising social function, and impairing self-maintenance skills (eg, bathing, dressing, hygiene). LLD characterized by marked sadness or a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and may be accompanied by weight change, sleep disturbance, fatigue, difficulty in concentration, and a high suicide rate. Diagnosis of LLD is sometimes complicated by a denial of mood change and an inability to distinguish symptoms of a concurrent physical illness from those of a depressive etiology. The disorder is most frequently treated with antidepressant medications, and although older individuals have a recovery rate that is comparable with younger adults, they often take longer to recover, have more frequent relapses, and are more sensitive to the side effects of the drugs. Clinical Implications. Individuals undergoing treatment for LLD and those whose illness has not been diagnosed or treated often are seen with significant oral disease by the dentist. Dentists need to be cognizant of how to safely and compassionately provide care to those already receiving mental health services. They must also be familiar with the psychiatric symptoms of the disorder to effectuate a timely referral to a physician of those with occult or relapsing disease. LLD is frequently associated with a disinterest in oral hygiene, a cariogenic diet, diminished salivary flow, rampant dental decay, advanced periodontal disease, and oral dysesthesias. Many medications used to treat the disease magnify the xerostomia and increase the incidence of dental disease. Appropriate dental management necessitates a vigorous preventive dental education program, the use of artificial salivary products, antiseptic mouthwash, daily fluoride mouth rinse, and special precautions in administration of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors and prescription of analgesics. Conclusion. Dentists who invoke appropriate precautions can usually provide a full range of services to individuals with LLD, thereby enhancing patient self-esteem and contributing to the psychotherapeutic aspect of management. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:404-12)
Late migration of a self-expandable metal stent and successful endoscopic management

The first successful implantation of an expandable stent for esophageal cancer was reported in 1990.1 Further experience has shown that selfexpanding metallic stents (SEMS) are useful for managing malignant esophageal obstruction.2-5 There is general agreement with regard to their ease of insertion for both operator and patient when compared with rigid plastic endoprostheses. Although the results of an observational study raised a question of whether the complication rate associated with their use is lower than that of plastic stents,6 prospective, randomized trials have suggested a safer profile for SEMS.3,7 Stent migration is a recognized complication of SEMS, which becomes a challenging procedure for the endoscopist that requires both creativity and endoscopic skill. We describe gastric migration and successful endoscopic removal of an Ultraflex stent 10 months after its initial insertion for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
Purification and properties of ribonuclelase E, an RNA-processing enzyme from Escherichia coli

Abstract The Escherichia coli RNA-processing enzyme RNAase E was purified through a number of steps including isoelectrofocusing. The final fraction contained mainly a single polypeptide of 66 kDa. However, while all the steps in the purification yielded the same qualitative activity, the specific activity of fractions as decreased in the last steps of the purification. By combining the most-purified enzyme with earlier fractions from the purification, we could show that the cells could contain a factor that enhances RNAase E activity. The purified enzyme showed the same characteristics with respect to temperature optimum, pH and ionic requirements as less-purified preparations. Testing specific inhibitors we concluded that the enzyme requires SH groups, free amino groups, and either of the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine of methionine for its activity.
Photosynthetic membrane development studied using picosecond fluorescence kinetics

Using measurements of the kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence emission, we have investigated the development of the photosynthetic membrane during etioplast-to-chloroplast differentiation. The chlorophyll fluorescence decay kinetics of pea chloroplasts from plants grown under intermittent (2 min light-118 min dark) and continuous light regimes were monitored with a single-photon timing system with picosecond resolution. We have associated the changes in the fluorescence yields and decay kinetics with known structural and organizational developmental phenomena in the chloroplast. This correlation provides a more detailed assignment of the origins of the fluorescence decay components than has been previously obtained by studying only mature chloroplasts. In particular, our analysis of the variable kinetics and multiexponential character of the fluorescence emission during thylakoid development focuses on the organization of photosynthetic units and the degree of communication between reaction centers in the same photosystem. Our results further demonstrate that the age of etiolated tissue is critical to plastid development.
Potentiometric and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of fluoride substitution in the GaAl12 polyoxocation: implications for aluminum (hydr)oxide mineral surfaces

Fluoride replacement of oxygens in the GaO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+(aq) molecule [GaAl12] was studied via 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at 4 < pH < 5 and 278 K in order to elucidate similar reactions at the surfaces of clays. Peaks are identified in the 19F-NMR spectra that correspond to both terminal and bridging fluorides on the GaAl12 molecule, with relative peak positions similar to those previously identified in fluoridated aluminum (hydr)oxide mineral surfaces (Nordin, J. P., Sullivan, D. J., Phillips, B. L., and Casey, W. H. [1999], “Mechanisms for fluoride-promoted dissolution of bayerite [β-Al(OH)3(s)] and boehmite [γ-AlOOH(s)]-19F-NMR spectroscopy and aqueous surface chemistry,” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta63, 3513–3524). Fluoride substitutes for oxygen at three different sites in the GaAl12 molecule, but at dramatically different rates. The kinetics of fluoride substitution follow a rate law that includes parallel and reversible transfer of fluoride from nonbridging sites to the two bridging sites. The essential features of the rate law are as follows: (1) fluoride replaces bound water molecules (η-OH2) within minutes at 278 K at rates that are quantitatively similar to fluoride uptake by Al(H2O)63+(aq) to form AlF2+(aq) at similar conditions; (2) fluoride substitutes onto the two topologically distinct μ2-OH sites at different rates, as was previously observed for oxygen exchange, but here, the reaction is complete in hours to days at 278 K. Most importantly, rates of fluoride substitution onto μ2-OH sites are 102 times more rapid than the corresponding rates of oxygen exchange with bulk waters, indicating that fluoride considerably labilizes the molecule, as is also observed at the surfaces of minerals. The largest cause of this labilization is the reduced molecular charge on the GaAl12 upon replacement of bound waters by fluoride, which for mineral surfaces corresponds to a reduction in surface charge density.
Design and Analysis of Discrete-Time Repetitive Control for Scanning Probe Microscopes

This paper studies repetitive control (RC) with linear phase lead compensation to precisely track periodic trajectories in piezo-based scanning probe microscopes (SPMs). Quite often, the lateral scanning motion in SPMs during imaging or nanofabrication is periodic. Dynamic and hysteresis effects in the piezoactuator cause significant tracking error. To minimize the tracking error, commercial SPMs commonly use proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controllers; however, the residual error of PID control can be excessively large, especially at high scan rates. In addition, the error repeats from one operating cycle to the next. To account for the periodic tracking error, a discrete-time RC is designed, analyzed, and implemented on an atomic force microscope (AFM). The advantages of RC include straightforward digital implementation and it can be plugged into an existing feedback control loop, such as PID, to enhance performance. The proposed RC incorporates two phase lead compensators to ensure robustness and minimize the steady-state tracking error. Simulation and experimental results from an AFM system compare the performance among (1) PID, (2) standard RC, and (3) the modified RC with phase lead compensation. The results show that the latter reduces the steady-state tracking error to less than 2% at 25 Hz scan rate, an over 80% improvement compared with PID control.
Regulation of Peripheral Metabolism by Substrate Partitioning in the Brain

All organisms must adapt to changing nutrient availability, with nutrient surplus promoting glucose metabolism and nutrient deficit promoting alternative fuels (in mammals, mainly free fatty acids). A major function of glucose-sensing neurons in the hypothalamus is to regulate blood glucose. When these neurons sense glucose levels are too low, they activate robust counterregulatory responses to enhance glucose production, primarily from liver, and reduce peripheral metabolism. Some hypothalamic neurons can metabolize free fatty acids via β-oxidation, and β-oxidation generally opposes effects of glucose on hypothalamic neurons. Thus hypothalamic β-oxidation promotes obese phenotypes, including enhanced hepatic glucose output.
A top-down analysis of high school teacher motivation

Abstract Classroom instruction may be affected by school contexts that are increasingly performance-driven because of legislative demands. Interpreting this as a need to investigate the relationships between school context and classroom practice, this study took a “top-down” approach by examining contextual elements of school goal structure and teacher community on teachers’ sense of self- and collective efficacy, and classroom goal structures. After collecting data from teachers in four Midwestern high schools, results indicated that teachers in highly performance-oriented schools reported significantly less adaptive motivational beliefs, lower community, and more performance-oriented instruction than teachers in a low performance-oriented school. Furthermore, a path analysis revealed that classroom goal structures were significantly and indirectly related to teacher community. We discuss how academic context may affect teachers’ motivational beliefs as well as classroom practices, and make recommendations for future research and practice.
Structural basis for substrate specificity of protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1.

The substrate specificity of the catalytic domain of SHP-1, an important regulator in the proliferation and development of hematopoietic cells, is critical for understanding the physiological functions of SHP-1. Here we report the crystal structures of the catalytic domain of SHP-1 complexed with two peptide substrates derived from SIRPα, a member of the signal-regulatory proteins. We show that the variable β5-loop-β6 motif confers SHP-1 substrate specificity at the P-4 and further N-terminal subpockets. We also observe a novel residue shift at P-2, the highly conserved subpocket in protein- tyrosine phosphatases. Our observations provide new insight into the substrate specificity of SHP-1.
Cation-saturated bentonites as constituents of ointment bases.

Ointment bases have been prepared utilizing Na, K, Ca, Mg, H, and Volclay bentonites as major constituents of these bases. Observations are reported on the relative swellin power of these bentonites, and the color intensity and pH of their bases. Anti-inkctive ointments were prepared utilizin these bases as carriers for the drugs, and studies of the bacteriological activity of tfese ointments are reported. These ointments show greater antibacterial activity than their respective U.S. P. and N. F. ointments. Sulfathiazole, phenol, and ammoniated mercury showed greater activity when incorporated into a H bentonite base than when these drugs were incorporated into the other bentonite bases.
Type I procollagen production and cell proliferation is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta in a model of hepatic fibrosis.

Fibrosis is a significant component of advanced chronic inflammatory liver diseases and is caused by the accumulation of extracellular matrix, including type I procollagen. The mechanism by which fibrosis develops in liver tissue remains unknown. We tested the effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta), a cytokine that alters cell differentiation and proliferation, and bleomycin, a cytotoxic glycopeptide antibiotic, on cultured isolated rat hepatocytes. TGF-beta (1 ng/ml) inhibited radiolabeled thymidine incorporation 39% at 24 h and 69% at 48 h. Inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation was dose dependent. Bleomycin (1 microgram/ml) significantly inhibited radiolabeled thymidine incorporation at 48 h (44%). Neutralizing antibody to thymidine incorporation at 48 h (44%). Neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta (TGF-beta-Ab) attenuated the inhibition of proliferation by TGF-beta and bleomycin in a concentration-dependent manner. The addition of either TGF-beta or bleomycin increased immunostaining of t...
White matter ultrastructural pathology of experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in mice

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), previously regarded as a neurodegenerative disorder strictly of the gray matter, occasionally occurs as a panencephalopathic form which is characterized by severe white matter damage. An ultrastructural study of the white matter pathology in mice experimentally infected with the Fujisaki strain of CJD virus revealed: (1) vacuoles within myelin sheaths, formed by splitting either at the major dense or intraperiod lines, or within axons; (2) macrophages filled with numerous myelin figures, lipid droplets and paracrystalline inclusions; (3) astrocytes actively digesting myelin debris; (4) unusual wrapping of several axons by a common myelin sheath; (5) vesicular degeneration of myelin sheaths; (6) close contact between numerous coated pits and outer myelin lamellae; and (7) proliferation of inner mesaxons. Our data indicate that the damage to myelinated axons in the panencephalopathic type of CJD is accomplished primarily by active degradation of myelin by macrophages and astrocytes and by formation of intra-axonal and intra-myelin vacuoles. The myelin vacuolation is most consistent with that produced by leukolysins released from activated macrophages and astrocytes.
Validating web content with senser

This paper introduces Senser, a system for validating retrieved web content. Senser does not rely on a PKI and operates even when SSL/TLS is not supported by the web server. Senser operates as a network of proxies located at different vantage points on the Internet. Clients query a random subset of Senser proxies for compact descriptions of a desired web page, and apply consensus and matching algorithms to the returned results to locally render a "majority" web page. To ensure diverse selections of proxies (and consequently decrease an adversary's ability to manipulate a majority of the proxies' requests), Senser leverages Internet mapping systems that accurately predict AS-level paths between available proxies and the desired web page. We demonstrate using a deployment of Senser on Amazon EC2 that Senser detects and mitigates attempts by adversaries to manipulate web content --- even when controlling large collections of autonomous systems --- while maintaining reasonable performance overheads.
Experimental evaluation of the Corneal Concept 360 intraocular lens with the Miyake-Apple view.

Purpose To evaluate a new single-piece, hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) designed to keep the anterior capsule away from the IOL optic, create the effect of a capsular tension ring, and prevent posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Materials and Methods Four Concept 360 IOLs (Corneal Laboratoire) were implanted in 4 human cadaver eyes of various sizes (Miyake-Apple technique). Lens centration, ovalization of the capsular bag and capsulorhexis opening, distance between the anterior optic surface and the anterior capsule and between the posterior optic surface and the posterior capsule, as well as presence of capsular striae were evaluated. The capsular bag was stained with trypan blue, and the ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) was stained with fluorescein to enhance visualization. Results In each eye, the lens conformed to the capsular bag with precise centration. No ovalization or distortion of the capsular bag or the capsulorhexis and no posterior capsule striae were observed. Measurements of the capsulorhexis diameter before and after IOL implantation were the same. The anterior capsule remained at distance from the anterior optic surface for 360 degrees, and tight contact between the posterior optic edge and the posterior capsule was observed. Conclusions Use of the Miyake-Apple technique is useful in the evaluation of new IOL designs in experimental studies. Design features of the Concept 360 IOL are likely to decrease the outcome of postoperative capsular bag opacification. Long-term clinical studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Photoluminescence study of magnesium doped movpe indium phosphide

Abstract The incorporation of magnesium in indium phosphide grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is interpreted using photoluminescence data. Magnesium is seen to form deep level complexes with other flaws in indium phosphide, in addition to isolated substitutional shallow acceptors. Growth parameters which produce doping in the range 1016-1019 cm-3 are reported.
The Gift of Life: Female Spirituality and Healing in Northern Peru.

The Gift of Life: Female Spirituality and Healing in Northern Peru. Bonnie GlassCoffin. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1998. 246 pp. $50.00 (cloth); $15.95 (paper)
Real-time stability assessment utilizing non-linear time series analysis

In this study, the complexity of the nonlinear behavior of a Solid State Transformer is quantified to assess the stability of the system in real-time under different operating conditions. This system is more prone to instability compared to the traditional 60 Hz transformers due to the nonlinear behavior of power electronic components. Commonly used linear stability techniques such as Nyquist and Bode are not effective for assessing the dynamic stability in nonlinear systems. The nonlinear stability techniques are computationally complex for the implementation and real-time stability assessment. A complexity-based approach, which involves only the output terminal measurement, is proposed in this research. This approach is straightforward for real-time application and cost effective compared to existing approaches that require complex models or adding perturbation to the system. The system is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation results are discussed in different operating conditions in order to validate the proposed technique.
Mirroring Medusa: counterveillance in Shooting Back

In our society, apparati of electronic surveillance and satellite systems pervade almost every sector of our public and private lives. Information concerning individuals is controlled mostly by institutions, serving bureaucratic or corporate interest. The paper examines the possibilities of counter-surveillance in socio-cultural practices through Steve Mann's Shooting Back (S. Mann, 1997). In this 'meta-documentary', Mann dares to shoot back at the power of institutions and capital by recording the very devices of surveillance (e.g., surveillance cameras) with his tiny TV camera NetCam, which is hidden in his eyeglasses and connected to his wearable computer. This 'shooting' usually provokes quarrels with the clerks or the security guards. NetCam transmits the whole situation to share simultaneously with others who have access to his Web site. Through this skirmish with authority, we can examine the structure of omnipresent, 'capillary' power and grope for the possibilities for counterveillance via World-Wide Web.
Modeling and optimization of polymer based bulk heterojunction (BH) solar cell

A polymer phase separation model based on Cahn-Hilliard equation and a three-dimensional (3D) coupled exciton/electron/hole transport model in the disordered, phase-segregated morphology so generated, allow us to predict - possibly for the first time - the morphology dependent performance limits of polymer/fullerene bulk heterostructure (BH) solar cells. We relate the optimum anneal time to polymer sizes, solvent content, film thickness, and anneal temperature and find that a regularization of the morphology can double the efficiency of BH cells.
Maternal Diet and Other Factors Affecting Offspring Sex Ratio: A Review

Mammals usually produce approximately equal numbers of sons and daughters, but there are exceptions to this general rule, as has been observed in ruminant ungulate species, where the sex-allocation hypothesis of Trivers and Willard has provided a rational evolutionary underpinning to adaptive changes in sex ratio. Here, we review circumstances whereby ruminants and other mammalian species, especially rodents and primates, appear able to skew the sex ratio of their offspring. We also discuss some of the factors, both nutritional and nonnutritional, that potentially promote such skewing. Work from our laboratory, performed on mice, suggests that age of the mother and maternal diet, rather than the maternal body condition per se, play directive roles in controlling sex ratio. In particular, a diet high in saturated fats but low in carbohydrate leads to the birth of significantly more male than female offspring in mature laboratory mice, whereas when calories are supplied mainly in the form of carbohydrate rather than fat, daughters predominate. As the diets fed to the mice in these experiments were nutritionally complete and because litter sizes did not differ between treatments, dietary inadequacy seems not to be the cause for sex-ratio distortion. A number of mechanisms, all of which are testable, are discussed to provide an explanation for the phenomenon. We conclude the review by discussing potential implications of these observations to human medicine and agriculture.
Impact of Alemtuzumab Therapy and Route of Administration in T-Prolymphocytic Leukemia: A Single-Center Experience.

Abstract Objective We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis to determine the impact of the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab including route of administration compared to non-alemtuzumab-containing regimens in T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). Patients and Methods The study was a retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of adult patients diagnosed with T-PLL at Mayo Clinic Rochester from January 1, 1997, through September 30, 2014. Results A total of 41 patients were diagnosed with T-PLL per the World Health Organization 2008 classification. The median age was 66 years, and 23 (56%) were male. After a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 0.4-66.1 months), 32 patients (78%) had died, with a median overall survival of 16.9 months. Approximately half the cohort was treated with alemtuzumab, almost exclusively after 2004. Median survival for patients receiving intravenous alemtuzumab-based therapy was 40.5 versus 10.3 months for all other therapies ( P = .0004). A significant survival difference between intravenous versus subcutaneous alemtuzumab administration of 40.5 versus 13.7 months was noted ( P = .0014). Only 4 (14%) of 28 patients aged Conclusion In this large series of T-PLL patients treated at a single tertiary-care center, we confirmed the prior observation of the superiority of intravenous alemtuzumab over other therapies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was feasible in a minority of potentially eligible patients. Early transplant referral should be considered for all eligible patients.
Some fighter aircraft trends

Some basic trends in fighters are traced from the post World II era. Beginning with the first operational jet fighter, the P-80, the characteristics of subsequent fighter aircraft are examined for performance, mission capability, effectiveness, and cost. Characteristics presented include: power loading, wing loading, maximum speed, rate of climb, turn rate, weight and weight distribution, cost and cost distribution. The characteristics of some USSR aircraft are included for comparison. The trends indicate some of the rationale for certain fighter designs and some likely characteristics to be sought in future fighter aircraft designs.
A recoding element that stimulates decoding of UGA codons by Sec tRNA[Ser]Sec

Selenocysteine insertion during decoding of eukaryotic selenoprotein mRNA requires several trans-acting factors and a cis-acting selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) usually located in the 3′ UTR. A second cis-acting selenocysteine codon redefinition element (SRE) has recently been described that resides near the UGA-Sec codon of selenoprotein N (SEPN1). Similar phylogenetically conserved elements can be predicted in a subset of eukaryotic selenoprotein mRNAs. Previous experimental analysis of the SEPN1 SRE revealed it to have a stimulatory effect on readthrough of the UGA-Sec codon, which was not dependent upon the presence of a SECIS element in the 3′ UTR; although, as expected, readthrough efficiency was further elevated by inclusion of a SECIS. In order to examine the nature of the redefinition event stimulated by the SEPN1 SRE, we have modified an experimentally tractable in vitro translation system that recapitulates efficient selenocysteine insertion. The results presented here illustrate that the SRE element has a stimulatory effect on decoding of the UGA-Sec codon by both the methylated and unmethylated isoforms of Sec tRNA[Ser]Sec, and confirm that efficient selenocysteine insertion is dependent on the presence of a 3′-UTR SECIS. The variation in recoding elements predicted near UGA-Sec codons implies that these elements may play a differential role in determining the amount of selenoprotein produced by acting as controllers of UGA decoding efficiency.
Characterization of a Solid-Source Delivery System for Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition by In-Situ Laser Reflectance

Specular laser reflectance (He-Ne laser) has been used to monitor in-situ and in real time the growth rate and the index of refraction of oxide films during chemical vapor deposition. This technique has been implemented on an inverted vertical stagnation-flow reactor equipped with a solid-source delivery system. Yttria deposited on silicon has been chosen as a starting material to characterize the reactor and the precursor delivery system capabilities. The experimental reflectance curves have been fitted to a simple three-layer (gas/film/substrate) model allowing the determination of the growth rate and of the refractive index. The growth rate has been studied as a function of various key processing parameters: the source feeding rate, the powder packing density, the oxygen partial pressure and the total pressure. The change in reflectivity has also been recorded during pulsed-delivery growth. Nanometer-scale resolution is obtained which demonstrates that this method can be extended to the study of multilayer oxide structures.
Progesterone regulation of estradiol-induced rat uterine secretory protein, complement C3.

Previously, u.cing DNA sequencing, Northern and Southern analysis, and immunohistochemical data, we identified an estrogen-stimulated secretory protein as the third component of complement (C’3). In this study, we demonstrate that progesterone modulated the estradiol regulation of C3 in immature rats as well as during the normal reproductive cycle. C3 was most abundant during estrus and reached its lowest concentration in diestrus. Immunoprecipitations reveal that progesterone prevented the estradiol-stimulated increase in radiolabeled C3 both in the media and tissue. The mechanism for the progesterone inhibition of estrogen-stimulated C3 appeared to be at the level of transcription or possibly rnRNA stability since progesterone blocked the estradiol-stimulated increase in C3 ,nRNA.
High-throughput computational screening of metal-organic frameworks.

There is an almost unlimited number of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). This creates exciting opportunities but also poses a problem: how do we quickly find the best MOFs for a given application? Molecular simulations have advanced sufficiently that many MOF properties – especially structural and gas adsorption properties – can be predicted computationally, and molecular modeling techniques are now used increasingly to guide the synthesis of new MOFs. With increasing computational power and improved simulation algorithms, it has become possible to conduct high-throughput computational screening to identify promising MOF structures and uncover structure–property relations. We review these efforts and discuss future directions in this new field.
Speeding Up Dataflow Analysis Using Flow-Insensitive Pointer Analysis

In recent years, static analysis has increasingly been applied to the problem of program verification. Systems for program verification typically use precise and expensive interprocedural dataflow algorithms that are difficult to scale to large programs. An attractive way to scale these analyses is to use a preprocessing step to reduce the number of dataflow facts propagated by the analysis and/or the number of statements to be processed, before the dataflow analysis is run. This paper describes an approach that achieves this effect. We first run a scalable, control-flow-insensitive pointer analysis to produce a conservative representation of value flow in the program. We query the value flow representation at the program points where a dataflow solution is required, in order to obtain a conservative over-approximation of the dataflow facts and the statements that must be processed by the analysis. We then run the dataflow analysis on this "slice" of the program.We present experimental evidence in support of our approach by considering two client dataflow analyses for program verification: typestate analysis, and software model checking. We show that in both cases, our approach leads to dramatic speedups.
Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients Before and After the Implementation of an Evidence-Based Nutritional Management Protocol

Objective: To determine whether the implementation of a nutritional management protocol in the ICU leads to the increased use of enteral nutrition, earlier feeding, and improved clinical outcomes in patients. Design: Prospective evaluation of critically ill patients before and after the introduction of an evidence-based guideline for providing nutritional support in the ICU. Setting: The medical-surgical ICUs of two teaching hospitals. Patients: Two hundred critically ill adult patients who remained npo > 48 h after their admission to the ICU. One hundred patients were enrolled into the preimplementation group, and 100 patients were enrolled in the postimplementation group. Intervention: Implementation of an evidence-based ICU nutritional management protocol. Measurement and results: Nutritional outcome measures included the number of patients who received enteral nutrition, the time to initiate nutritional support, and the percent caloric target administered on day 4 of nutritional support. Clinical outcomes included the duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and in-hospital length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality rates. Patients in the postimplementation group were fed more frequently via the enteral route (78% vs 68%, respectively; p 0.08), and this difference was statistically significant after adjusting for severity of illness, baseline nutritional status, and other factors (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 5.0; p 0.009). The time to feeding and the caloric intake on day 4 of nutritional support were not different between the groups. The mean ( SD) duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the postimplementation group (17.9 31.3 vs 11.2 19.5 days, respectively; p 0.11), and this difference was statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, severity of illness, type of admission, baseline nutritional status, and type of nutritional support (p 0.03). There was no difference in ICU or hospital LOS between the two groups. The risk of death was 56% lower in patients who received enteral nutrition (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.80; p 0.007). Conclusion: An evidence-based nutritional management protocol increased the likelihood that ICU patients would receive enteral nutrition, and shortened their duration of mechanical ventilation. Enteral nutrition was associated with a reduced risk of death in those patients studied. (CHEST 2004; 125:1446 –1457)
Microstrip dipoles printed on biaxial substrates

Microstrip dipole antennas are modeled using arbitrarily oriented biaxially anisotropic substrates. The Method of Moments is used to compute induced currents and the results are used to calculate input impedance, resonant length and directive gain. We show that the orientation of the medium does affect performance metrics but at varying degrees based on the strength of the biaxial anisotropy of the medium.
Current preferences and reported success rates in dacryocystorhinostomy amongst ASOPRS members.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Success rates for endoscopic and external dacryocystorhinostomy vary widely (external 70–95%; endonasal 59–99%). We investigated surgical preferences and reported success rates in dacryocystorhinostomy amongst American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery members.Methods: This retrospective study utilized a questionnaire sent to American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery members. Information culled included number of cases performed, surgical approach, and results.Results: 214 (38% response rate) surveys were completed, representing over 7,054 cases in one year. 93.9% of respondents offer external dacryocystorhinostomy; 63.1% offer endonasal. Surgeons report an increased rate of post-operative tearing with endonasal versus external (35.6% versus 5.8%, p < 0.001) and post-operative dacryocystitis with endonasal versus external (13.2% versus 1.0%, p < 0.001). The top reasons for choosing endoscopic DCR were patient preference, no visible scar, and ...
Performance analysis of steady-hand teleoperation versus cooperative manipulation

This paper compares two "steady-hand" type systems. The first is an admittance-controlled, non-backdriveable cooperative manipulation system, in which the robot and the operator simultaneously grasp and manipulate a tool. The second is a pair of haptic interfaces configured for unilateral teleoperation. A recently developed pseudo-admittance control law is applied to the master device, which attenuates the operator's high frequency input and sends a "steadied" reference position to the slave. Using a set of planar targeting tasks with varying indexes of difficulty, we found that operator movement time is similar for these two systems. However, the teleoperated system results in more targeting errors due to the limited stiffness display of the haptic interface. These results indicate that operators interact with the pseudo-admittance system as intended, but inherent physical limitations will limit applicability of this approach.
EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE INDUCES ANGIOGENESIS AND LEUKOCYTE TRAFFICKING IN LUNG MICROVESSELS

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to contribute to and exacerbate inflammatory diseases of the lung such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The effect of ETS on angiogenesis and leukocyte recruitment, both of which promote lung inflammation, was investigated using lung tissue from mice exposed to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke or fresh air for 12 weeks and transplanted into dorsal skin-fold chambers in nude mice. Lung tissue from mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks exhibited significantly increased vascular density (angiogenesis) associated with selectin-mediated increased intravascular leukocyte rolling and adhesion compared to fresh air–exposed lung tissue by intravital microscopy. Further, neutrophils from nicotine-exposed mice displayed significantly increased rolling and adhesion compared to control neutrophils in microvessels of nicotine-exposed lungs versus control lung microvessels, suggesting that nicotine in cigarette smoke can ...
Rewind, Reclaim: Copyright Termination and the Music Business

It’s not often that you see a law that lets one party to a deal tear up a signed contract and start over. But sometimes special problems call for special solutions, which is why Congress created something called the copyright reclamation right.Usually, when two people (or companies) make a contract to exchange some combination of services, goods, and money, the government will honor and enforce that contract for as long as the parties want. That means that for as long as the contract is in force either party can sue the other for breaking the promises made in that contract. If she proves her case, the government will make the other person pay damages or fulfill the contract. But copyright law has an exception to this general rule.The copyright reclamation right gives artists the ability to tear up their copyright transfers or licenses after 35 years. This ability has the potential to transform the recorded music business.Artists will be able to take their sound recording copyrights back from the record labels, which have for decades relied on owning massive catalogs of copyrights for their business models. For decades, these incumbent middlemen have used their leverage as industry gatekeepers to squeeze artists and consumers alike, while burdening the development of new distribution platforms that threaten to make them obsolete. But the termination right, which is ﬁrst taking effect in 2013, will allow artists to reclaim control over their own life’s works or negotiate better deals with their current business partners. The copyright termination right promises to empower artists across all types of creative works, but will have some unique impacts on the recorded music industry, which has traditionally been plagued by the imbalance of power between the major record labels and artists. This paper will explain the impact of copyright termination both on creators generally and on recording musicians specifically.
Upper Silesia and Politics

When the Congress of Vienna in 1815 failed to provide hope for an independent Poland, nationalistic agitation spread, and in 1846 revolutionaries in Cracow sent agitators to Upper-Silesia. However, they caused unrest only in religious matters, because they felt that Polish national propaganda had no prospect of success. At the All-Slavic Congress of 1848 in Prague it was proposed to look after the interest of all Poles living in Prussia. The name Silesia was mentioned, but those who made the motion were not Upper-Silesians. In the Prussian Parliament of the same year there were only Poles from the province of Posen who claimed to speak for the “Upper-Silesian Poles.”1 All this the National Poles did against their better judgment, for in their opinion the Upper-Silesians were considered to be at best fallen-away and backward brothers. As late as 1890, von Stablewski, archbishop of Gnesen-Posen, a leader of the Poles in Prussia. said: “It would be unjust and false, to include the Upper-Silesians in the circle of Polish aspirations; the Upper-Silesians never had any Polish national feeling and could never have it.”2
Economies of Integration Versus Bureaucracy Costs: Does Vertical Integration Improve Performance?

This study tested links between vertical integration, cost structure, and performance at the line-of-business level of analysis. Major findings were (1) Vertical integration results in economies ev...
P17.02THE CORRELATION BETWEEN RESULTS OF COMPLEX TREATMENT AND 1P/19Q DELETION FOR PATIENTS WITH ANAPLASTIC OLIGODENDROGLIAL TUMORS

INTRODUCTION: Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas histologically are considered as grade III tumors. Both these forms are highly sensitive to chemotherapy and tend to have similar responses to complex postoperative therapy. Individual sensitivity to chemotherapy of anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors is of high importance, especially if 1p/19q co- deleted. AIM: A retrospective correlative research designed to evaluate the efficiency of complex radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors depending on presence of combined 1p/19q loss. METHODS: Patients were eligible with diagnosed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas between 2005 and 2010. 30 patients were included. Identification of combined 1p/19q loss was performed on paraffin-embedded histological material. All 30 patients underwent complex therapy: extent of surgery was total or subtotal resection, next received fractionated radiotherapy 60 Gy and followed by 6 cycles standart Temozolomide (TMZ). Primary endpoints - progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined in each group respectively. RESULTS: 21 patient with anaplastic oligodendroglioma or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma were diagnosed with 1p/19q loss. Median PFS in this group reached 54.6 months, median OS - 67.7 months. The second group includes 9 patients without 1p/19q loss, with median PFS 43.3 months, median OS - 54.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Median PFS and OS tend to be higher in patients with combined 1p/19q loss, but there is seen very high PFS and OS results in individual patients without 1p/19q loss.
An Enhanced Hybrid Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm for VLSI Standard Cell Placement

A hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithm is presented for solving the problem of VLSI standard cell placement with up to millions of cells. Firstly,to make genetic algorithm be capable of handling very large scale of standard cell placement, the strategies of small size population, dynamic updating population,and crossover localization are adopted,and the global search and local search of genetic algorithm are coordinated. Then,by introducing hill climbing(HC) and simulated annealing(SA) into the framework of genetic algorithm and the internal procedure of its operators,an effective crossover operator named Net Cycle Crossover and local search algorithms for the placement problem are designed to further improve the evolutionary efficiency of the algorithm and the quality of its placement results. In the algorithm procedure,HC method and SA method focus on array placement and non-array placement respectively. The experimental results on Peko suite3,Peko suite4 and ISPD04 benchmark circuits show that the proposed algorithm can handle array and non-array placements with 10,000 ~ 1,600,000 cells and 10,000 ~ 210,000 cells respectively,and can effectively improve the quality of placement results in a reasonable running time.