cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of internal jugular and subclavian vein diameter variation on bedside ultrasound with invasive right heart catheterization.

Abstract Introduction Accurate estimation of fluid status is paramount in patients with heart failure. We hypothesized that bedside ultrasound assessment of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and subclavian vein (SCV) could reliably estimate right atrial pressure (RAP). Methods Prospectively enrolled patients were positioned supine. IJV was imaged at the apex of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and SCV was imaged at the lateral third of the right clavicle. Using M-mode on a portable ultrasound machine, the maximum (Dmax) and minimum (Dmin) anteroposterior diameters were noted during normal breathing. Respiratory variation in diameter (RVD) was calculated as [(Dmax – Dmin)/Dmax] and expressed as percent. Collapsibility was assessed with sniff maneuver. Patients then underwent right heart catheterization and their findings were correlated with above. Results Total of 72 patients were enrolled with mean age 61 years, mean BSA 1.9 m2, and left ventricular ejection fraction 45 ± 20%. Elevated RAP≥ 10 mmHg was associated with dilated IJV Dmax(1.0 vs. 0.7cm, p = 0.001), less RVD with resting respiration (14% vs. 40% for IJV, p = 0.001 and 24% vs. 45% for SCV, p = 0.001), and reduced likelihood of total collapsibility with sniff (16% vs. 66% patients for IJV, p = 0.001 and 25% vs. 57% patients for SCV, p = 0.01). For RAP ≥10 mmHg, lack of IJV complete collapsibility with sniff had a sensitivity of 84% while IJV Dmax > 1cm and RVD Conclusion The IJV and SCV diameters and their respiratory variation are reliable in estimating RA pressure.
Advertising Medical Technologies in Urdu Print c. 1930: Prosthesis and Possibility

This essay offers a reading of advertisements of wearable technologies, or prostheses, designed to enhance sexual pleasure and physical health in Tibbi Dunya Lahore, an Urdu-language medical period...
Using a grass of the Anthropocene as a functional guide to restore sagebrush-steppe

On the Ground • Native perennial grass restoration in the Great Basin is limited by low seedling establishment. • Native seedling establishment is decreased by increased competition from exotic annual grasses and altered fire regimes and have not had sufficient time to adapt. • Non-native bunchgrasses like crested wheatgrass have adapted to human management of grazing systems and possess physiological traits that increase seedling establishment in dynamic rangelands. • We review ecophysiological traits underlying crested wheatgrass success in the Great Basin and suggest these could guide native bunchgrass plant material selection and development.
A Reflection on Analytical Work in Marketing: Three Points of Consensus

People make a wide variety of choices as consumers, managers, employers, and regulators. Most of these choices are not made in a vacuum but rather in a context of strategic interactions that make individual payoffs interdependent across the decision makers. This payoff interdependence leads to intertwined individual incentives, necessitating analysis of the entire system before one can predict and understand individual behavior. Analyzing such a complex system requires a precise mathematical framework to develop intuition and qualify theoretical predictions. A commonly used analytical framework is non-cooperative game theory.We present several general points on which the marketing literature rooted in the paradigm of game theory has reached a broad consensus. We also organize the literature according to three broad substantive areas: competition, information, and market rules. This paper is not an exhaustive review of the literature. Instead, we use several particular examples from each area to illustrate the more general points of consensus that characterize the discourse in the literature. The points of consensus we propose are as follows:1) Equilibrium analysis within an analytical framework is necessary for testing and refining conventional wisdom about situations with strategic interactions. Equilibrium as a solution concept ensures stability of the system under study, and equilibrium behavior can depart sharply from simpler intuition that does not consider the feedback inherent in strategic interactions.2) Theoretical predictions can be sensitive to details of the modeling assumptions, making general predictions elusive. A trade-off exists between the generality of modeling assumptions and the usefulness of the resulting insights in answering a concrete question in a specific institutional situation. Therefore, more general models are not necessarily “better,” and the appropriate compromise between generality and usefulness depends on the scope of the question. Further, understanding which details significantly affect a theory’s predictions can be informative in its own right.3) A two-way road should exist between theory and empirics. In one direction, theory can inform data analysis. In the other direction, empirical analysis can inform the assumptions of the theory. Either way, we agree with Bass (1995, p. G12) that science is “a process of interaction between theory and data that leads to higher level explanations.”
Eisenstein polynomials defining Galois dihedral p -adic fields of degree 2 p

Let p > 2 be prime, ℚ p the field of p -adic numbers, and f ( x ) ∈ ℚ p [ x ] an Eisenstein polynomial of degree 2 p . We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the coefficients of f ( x ) for its Galois group to be isomorphic to the dihedral group of order 2 p .
Chapter 28 Disequilibrium, self-selection, and switching models

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the recent literature on disequilibrium and selectivity models. The cornerstone of the disequilibrium models is the minimum condition. One of the most disturbing points in the empirical applications is that the disequilibrium models have been mechanically applied with no discussion of what disequilibrium is due to and what the consequences are. In spite of all the limitations, the model has been the model with the most empirical applications. For instance, Sealy used the model to study credit rationing in the commercial loan market. It is used to estimate demand for money and savings functions in centrally planned economies and to study the demand for consumption goods in centrally planned economies. The main application of the methodology of disequilibrium model is to regulate markets and centrally planned economies, where there are price and quantity regulations. The chapter discusses the case of controlled prices and shows the way the analysis can be applied to credit markets with interest rate ceilings.
Lifetime Major Discrimination Experiences Moderate the Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Chronic Conditions among Black Americans.

To clarify the ways in which Black Americans’ experiences of structural racism may influence their mental and physical health in distinct ways, the present study evaluated whether major discrimination moderates the association between depressive symptoms and chronic physical health conditions among this population. t-tests and chi-squared tests of significance were used to determine significant differences between women and men. The association between major discrimination and depressive symptoms was examined by assessing mean depressive symptoms scores across levels of major discrimination. ANOVA tests indicated whether there were significant differences in symptom scores across each discrimination category. Additional t-tests determined significant gender differences within each level of discrimination. Gender-stratified negative binomial models were used, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the relationship between depressive symptoms, major discrimination, and chronic conditions. Our findings indicated that the association between depressive symptoms and chronic conditions depends on lifetime experiences of major discrimination among Black Americans and varies significantly between women and men. Considering that major discrimination conditioned the depressive symptom-chronic conditions association among our sample, this provides insight into potential pathways for intervention in efforts to offset the detrimental mental and physical consequences of experiencing racism.
An effective method for visual pattern recognition

An effective method for neural network based visual pattern recognition is presented. It is shown that it can be successfully used for visual recognition of deformed letters. The main advantages of the presented method are its intuitive appeal, simple implementation and analytical justification. >
Space Station Attitude Disturbance Arising from Internal Motions

A source of space station attitude disturbances is identified. The attitude disturbance is driven by internal space station motions and is a direct result of conservation of angular momentum. Three examples are used to illustrate the effect: a planar three link system, a rigid carrier body with two moveable masses, and a nonplanar five link system. Simulation results are given to show the magnitude of the attitude change in each example. Factors which accentuate or attenuate this disturbance effect are discussed.
DIPART, an interactive simulation platform for studying plan development and monitoring in dynamic environments

Current-generation AI planning technology lacks effective, flexible techniques for managing the planning process in the presence of changing information, and for coordinating multiple, distributed planning processes. However, these issues have been the focus of theoretical work in AI and similar issues have been studied by researchers developing distributed, real-time operating systems. The goals of our ongoing research project are, first, to adapt relevant techniques from the literature on operating systems and combine them with techniques from distributed and real-time AI in a system that is capable of forming plans in a dynamic, multi-agent environment, and, second, to assess the relative strengths of these various techniques for a variety of environments and tasks. Towards these ends, we are building DIPART/spl minus/the Distributed Interactive Planner's Assistant for Real-Time Transportation planning/spl minus/prototype simulation system that includes both a network of cooperating agents and a simulated environment. In this paper, we describe the main objectives of DIPART and the general approach used in building it. >
Comparisons of advanced hydrocarbon rocket engines for earth-to-orbit vehicles

The Space Shuttle has initiated a new era in earth-to-orbit transportation, and studies are now underway to assess the technology requirements for more advanced vehicles. Potential derivatives of the Space Shuttle and completely new vehicles might both benefit from advanced hydrocarbon engines, several versions of which were recently studied. In the present paper, selected single-stage vehicles have been compared using these engines. The results indicate that propane staged-combustion engines are attractive for this application. The potential effects of advanced engine materials are also shown.
Organizational Interests versus Battlefield Needs: The U.S. Military and Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicles in Iraq

In February 2005, U.S. Marine Corps commanders in Iraq submitted an urgent request for Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles. MRAPs were seen as critical protection from improvised explosive devices, the most frequent cause of casualties. Yet significant progress to fill the request would not be made until June 2007. The most persuasive explanation for the delay can be found not in questions about the effectiveness of the vehicle but in organizational interest. Both the Army and Marine Corps believed that their core missions in the future would revolve around the use of lighter, more maneuverable forces. Because the MRAP was heavy, slow, and expensive, it threatened to derail the services' already established research and development priorities. Despite proof that the MRAP would provide important protection for troops in Iraq, the Army and Marine Corps chose to protect previous investments rather than adapt to emerging threats.
Correlation of dyskerin expression with active proliferation independent of telomerase

Background Dyskerin, which is an important component of the telomerase complex and is needed for normal telomerase activity, is frequently overexpressed in neoplasia. Dyskerin also plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. Because protein synthesis increases during tumorigenesis, this led us to hypothesize that dyskerin expression would be upregulated independently of the cell immortalization mechanism. Methods Dyskerin and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression were examined in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and patient-matched controls, as well as in a panel of telomerase-positive and telomerase-negative cells. Antisense inhibition of TERT was used to test the effects of downregulation of telomerase on dyskerin expression. Results Dyskerin was frequently overexpressed in OSCC and in immortalized and transformed keratinocytes relative to primary cells, independently of TERT and telomerase activity. Instead, dyskerin expression strongly correlated with cell proliferation rates. Conclusions The role of dyskerin in tumorigenesis does not correlate with its function within the telomerase complex. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Freeform illumination lens design using composite ray mapping

We develop a new ray mapping approach to address the surface error and hot spot issues in designing a freeform total internal reflection (TIR) lens for nonrotational uniform illumination. Our proposed ray mapping approach partitions the source intensity distribution in the peripheral regions using the traditional spherical coordinate system to design the freeform TIR surfaces and in the central regions using the modified spherical coordinate system to design the freeform refractive surface. This new design method will reduce the surface error in the current ray mapping methods, therefore improving the illumination uniformity significantly. In addition, the freeform lens designed with this approach is much more robust than the lenses designed using other ray mapping methods.
Evaluating the Interpersonalness of Personality Scales

The two-dimensional circumplex of interpersonal behavior can provide a useful framework for evaluating the interpersonalness of personality constructs. In the present study, subjects completed a measure of interpersonal behavior (the Interpersonal Circle), along with a number of common personality scales. Analyses showed that personality scales differ in characteristic inter personalness, defined in terms of vector length and angular displacement in a two-dimensional space. The apparent content of a scale is not necessarily a good indicator of the interpersonalness of that scale.
An Algorithm for Intelligent Home Energy Management and Demand Response Analysis

A home energy management (HEM) system is an integral part of a smart grid that can potentially enable demand response applications for residential customers. This paper presents an intelligent HEM algorithm for managing high power consumption household appliances with simulation for demand response (DR) analysis. The proposed algorithm manages household loads according to their preset priority and guarantees the total household power consumption below certain levels. A simulation tool is developed to showcase the applicability of the proposed algorithm in performing DR at an appliance level. This paper demonstrates that the tool can be used to analyze DR potentials for residential customers. Given the lack of understanding about DR potentials in this market, this work serves as an essential stepping-stone toward providing an insight into how much DR can be performed for residential customers.
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Objective/Hypothesis Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), an uncommon tumor with predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract, is a distinct variant of squamous carcinoma, because of its unique histological features and ominous clinical behavior. This study reviews the experience in treating BSCC from two institutions. Study Design Retrospective. Methods H&E-stained sections from 20 patients with BSCC of the head and neck were reviewed and clinical follow-up was obtained for all patients. Results The study group consisted of 14 male and 6 female patients. Their ages ranged from 43 to 85 years, with a mean age of 62 years. Sites of origin included the laryn- (4), tongue (3), pyriform sinus (3), nose (2), floor of mouth (2), mastoid (1), tonsil (1), epiglottis (1), nasopharyn- (1), trachea (1), and palate (1). Pain was the most common presenting symptom (5 cases), followed by hoarseness and bleeding (3 cases each). Tobacco and alcohol abuse was noted in 17 patients. Treatment modalities included surgery with or without chemotherapy or radiotherapy in 13 patients, chemotherapy with irradiation in 2, chemotherapy alone in 2, and radiotherapy alone in 3. Clinical follow-up revealed no evidence of disease in 11 patients. Four were alive with disease at the time of writing and five died of disease. Conclusion BSCC is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that presents in elderly patients who have a history of abuse of tobacco or alcohol, or both. Greater number of patients must be studied and compared with age-matched and stage-matched controls of conventional squamous cell carcinoma to determine whether the poor clinical outcome is related more to high-stage presentation or to the tumor's high-grade malignant cytological features.
Response: Re: Effect of Antibiotics on Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Metronet Study

To the Editor: We appreciate the interest of Dr. Tandon[1][1] in our recent paper on the association of antibiotic use with subsequent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).[2][2] As we stated in our paper, the small sample size limits our ability to determine the effects of antibiotic type, dosage, or
Neural and Cortisol Responses during Play with Human and Computer Partners in Children with Autism

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impairment in reciprocal social interactions, including play, which can manifest as failure to show social preference or discrimination between social and nonsocial stimuli. To explore mechanisms underlying these deficits, we collected salivary cortisol from 42 children 8-12 years with ASD or typical development during a playground interaction with a confederate child. Participants underwent functional MRI during a prisoner's dilemma game requiring cooperation or defection with a human (confederate) or computer partner. Search region of interest analyses were based on previous research (e.g. insula, amygdala, temporal parietal junction-TPJ). There were significant group differences in neural activation based on partner and response pattern. When playing with a human partner, children with ASD showed limited engagement of a social salience brain circuit during defection. Reduced insula activation during defection in the ASD children relative to TD children, regardless of partner type, was also a prominent finding. Insula and TPJ BOLD during defection was also associated with stress responsivity and behavior in the ASD group under playground conditions. Children with ASD engage social salience networks less than TD children during conditions of social salience, supporting a fundamental disturbance of social engagement.
Two new species of Rhynchospora section Psilocarya (Cyperaceae)

Two new species ofRhynchospora sectionPsilocarya are described and illustrated.Rhynchospora eburnea is known from Amazonian Venezuela and nearby Brazil whileRhynchospora waspamensis is known only from eastern Zelaya, Nicaragua. These species are distinguished from most of the species of sectionPsilocarya by means of a key to the species found in the Americas south to and including the Amazon Basin.
TC-PTP is required for the maintenance of MYC-driven B-cell lymphomas.

We sought to determine the contributions of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) to the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas. We found that T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) was overexpressed in transformed B cells. We hypothesized that TC-PTP may be a tumor-promoting gene that is regulated by MYC overexpression in B cells. Knockdown of TC-PTP in murine tumors resulted in decreased cell viability in vitro because of an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, cells with reduced TC-PTP expression were unable to either engraft or expand in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that TC-PTP is required for B-cell tumor maintenance. Our data also suggested a correlation between TC-PTP expression and MYC overexpression. To investigate this further, we used malignant murine B cells that contain a doxycycline-repressible MYC transgene. We found that repression of MYC overexpression with doxycycline reduced TC-PTP expression. Moreover, enforced expression of TC-PTP showed partial rescue of the expansion of tumor cells after suppression of MYC overexpression. These results suggest that MYC overexpression induces TC-PTP overexpression, which in turn promotes tumor proliferation, implicating TC-PTP as an important effector of the MYC-driven proliferation program in B-cell lymphomas. Thus, TC-PTP may be a suitable molecular target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
The Oil-Price Effect on The Dollar/Pound Rate of Exchange

In this paper the basic monetary model of exchange rate determination is extended to capture the impact of real shocks in explaining rate behavior. The model is tested using the dollar/pound rate of exchange over the period 1978-1985. The present work modifies the standard model by incorporating the relative price of oil on the demand for money. Results of the test confirm the statistical significance of the variables specified by the model in determining the value of the pound sterling during this time period. [431]
Quantitation of tolerance development after chronic oxotremorine treatment

Abstract A new procedure was developed to quantitate the tolerance which develops as mice are chronically infused with the muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine. Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed for the effects of oxotremorine on body temperature and rotarod performance by administering sequential injections to individual animals. These dose-response curves compare favorably to those constructed by injecting individual animals with one of several doses. The sequential injection technique was used to assess the magnitude of tolerance development to oxotremorine. A linear relationship between oxotremorine infusion rate (dose) and magnitude of change of the ED50 value for impairment of rotarod performance was observed, with animals receiving an infusion rate of 1.0 mg/kg/hr showing a 24-fold increase in ED50. Dose-response curves for tolerant animals were parallel to those constructed for naive animals. The oxotremorine dose required to decrease body temperature to 35°C (ED35°) was 80-fold greater than control in the group treated with 1.0 mg/kg/hr. The dose-response curves for tolerant animals were not parallel to those seen in naive animals. Time courses of recovery from a challenge dose of oxtoremorine suggest little change in metabolism occurred during chronic infusion. Chronic oxotremorine infusion resulted in a decrease in the total number of QNB binding sites. Both high- and low-affinity sites were reduced in number. Since no change in K1 for the muscarinic agonist, carbamylcholine, was observed, it seems unlikely that a change occurs in the affinity of the muscarinic receptor for agonists. Significant change in receptor number was detected only in animals that received higher doses of oxotremorine. Chronic oxotremorine treatment had no effect on choline uptake by synaptosomes prepared from any of five brain regions.
Emotionality differences between a native and foreign language: theoretical implications

The topic editors, Cornelia Herbert and colleagues, have noted that language has historically been assumed to be independent from emotions. The historical backdrop to this is the long reign of faculty psychology, which viewed the human mind as composed of discrete abilities (see discussion in Barrett, 2013). The mental modularity popularized by Chomsky (1965) and Fodor (1983) continued this view following the cognitive revolution of mid-century. Emotion had no role in information processing psychology, leading to its neglect in the cognitive sciences (Cromwell and Panksepp, 2011). Indeed, the classic emotion-cognition divide has been criticized in the past decades by theorists who are otherwise not natural allies (e.g., Damasio, 1994; Cromwell and Panksepp, 2011; Lindquist, 2013). An alternative to faculty psychology is psychological construction (Lindquist, 2013). On this view, mental abilities and mental states like emotions are constructed from the dynamic interaction of physiological states, situation-specific information, and conceptual knowledge. In the modular view of mind, emotion and language should have little overlap in their processes and representations. However, according to psychological constructivism, an emotional reaction can be influenced by any aspect of the on-going situation, such as the language being spoken, which is the topic of this commentary. I describe here findings on the emotionality differences between a native and a foreign language. Bilingual speakers 1 frequently report that swearing, praying, lying, and saying I love you feel differently when using a native rather than a foreign language (see, e.g., Pavlenko, 2005; Dewaele, 2010). My goal is to highlight the relevance of this body of work for the theoretical assumptions regarding language-emotion independence.
Surgery versus medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Abstract Three hundred ten patients with erosive esophagitis were randomized to either open antireflux surgery or continuous therapy with omeprazole. Symptoms, endoscopy, and quality of life questionnaires were used to document the clinical outcomes. Treatment failure was the primary outcome variable. Treatment failure was deemed to have occurred if the patients developed moderate or severe heartburn or regurgitation, grade 2 esophagitis, or milder heartburn with odynophagia or dysphagia. The surgical patients were also considered failures if they required ≥8 wk of omeprazole therapy or if repeat surgery was considered. The medical patients were failures when their primary physician referred them for surgery while on medical therapy or if the patient decided for surgery. Follow-up data were available for 133/155 medically treated patients and 122/155 surgical patients. On omeprazole, 20 mg daily, 65/133 patients (49%) were in remission at 5 yr and 83/122 surgical patients (68%) were in remission. The authors state that when the omeprazole dose was increased to 40 or 60 mg/day, surgery was still slightly superior to medical therapy, but there was no statistical difference. The surgery group had more dysphagia, rectal flatus, and inability to belch than the medical group. Quality of life did not differ between the two groups. There were no differences in the outcome of Barrett’s esophagus or the recurrence of strictures. In fact, no new cases of Barrett’s were identified in either group.
Neurotoxic Pesticides and Neurologic Effects

Pesticides represent one of the largest classes of toxic chemicals produced, stored, and used in the United States and abroad. These chemicals are designed to be toxic and many, besides being toxic to the pests they are intended to control, are also toxic to nontarget species including humans. The article gives a brief review of their toxicity to humans with emphasis on their effects on the nervous system. Examples of case studies are included to illustrate their toxicity. A discussion of the possible contribution of occupational and other pesticide exposures to neurologic diseases and disorders is also included.
Mechanisms of protection against pulmonary hyperbaric O(2) toxicity by intermittent air breaks.

Intermittent exposure to air is used as a protective strategy against hyperbaric O2 (HBO2) toxicity. Little is known about optimal intermittent exposure schedules and the mechanism of protection. In this study, we examined the role of antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines in the mechanism of HBO2 tolerance by intermittent air breaks. One group of rats was exposed continuously to 282 kPa O2 until death. Other groups were exposed to 30, 60, and 120 min intervals of HBO2 with different numbers of intermittent 30 min air breaks (1–12 breaks). After the final break, animals were exposed to HBO2 until death. In a separate experiment, animals were sacrificed before terminal exposure and lung tissues were collected for analysis of gene expression. Two intermittent schedules with 6 h cumulative O2 time (30/30 and 60/30 min schedules) were compared with continuous exposure to HBO2 for 6 h and with intermittent exposure of 8 h (120/30 min schedule) duration. Continuous exposure resulted in activation of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression, an increase in lung protein nitration and activation of inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA. Inflammatory response was not observed at intermittent exposures of the same cumulative O2 time duration (30/30 and 60/30 min schedule). Expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA was significantly increased in all exposure groups while manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA expression was increased only in continuous and 120/30 exposure groups. Results show that intermittent exposure to air protects against pulmonary HBO2 toxicity by inhibiting inflammation. The mechanism of inhibition may involve the antiinflammatory and antioxidative effect of HO-1 but some other mechanisms may also be involved in protection by intermittent air breaks.
An FK506-sensitive Transporter Selectively Decreases Intracellular Levels and Potency of Steroid Hormones

Steroid hormones bind and activate intracellular receptors that are ligand-regulated transcription factors. Mammalian steroid receptors can confer hormone-dependent transcriptional enhancement when expressed in yeast, thereby enabling the genetic identification of nonreceptor proteins that function in the hormone signal transduction pathway. Pdr5p (Lem1/Sts1/Ydr1p), a yeast ATP-binding cassette transporter, selectively decreases the intracellular levels of particular steroid hormones, indicating that active processes can affect the passage of steroids across biological membranes. In yeast, the immunosuppressive drug FK506 inhibited Pdr5p, thereby potentiating activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by dexamethasone, a ligand that is exported by Pdr5p. In mammalian L929 cells but not in HeLa cells, FK506 potentiated dexamethasone responsiveness and increased dexamethasone accumulation, without altering the hormone-binding properties of the glucocorticoid receptor. We suggest that an FK506-sensitive transporter in L929 cells selectively decreases intracellular hormone levels and, consequently, the potency of particular steroids. Thus, steroid transporters may modulate, in a cell-specific manner, an initial step in signaling, the availability of hormone to the receptor.
IMPACTS OF COMPUTER‐MEDIATED HOME‐BASED WORK ON WOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES

The major conclusions of this study of professional and clerical women who work at home are as follows. Women who work at home as a way of balancing child care and paid employment typically live in traditional two‐parent households, where the father is the major breadwinner. These women work part‐time, primarily for “bonus” money and the psychological benefits of doing something other than being a full‐time home‐maker and mother. Second, they do not work and care for their children simultaneously. They most often work when their partners can care for the children, or when their children are at school or asleep. When a professional woman has dependable, steady work, she is apt to employ paid child care. Third, corporations that hire home‐based workers as independent contractors run the risk of creating second‐class corporate citizens.
Relationship Between Health Service Use and Health Information Technology Use Among Older Adults: Analysis of the US National Health Interview Survey

Background: Older adults are the most frequent and heaviest users of health services in the United States; however, previous research on older adults’ use of health information technology (HIT) has not examined the possible association of HIT use among older adults with their use of health services. Objective: This study examined the relationship between US older adults’ use of health services and their use of the Internet for health-related activities, controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and aging-related limitations in sensory and cognitive function. It also examined gender differences in the pattern of association between the types of health services used and HIT use. Methods: The data for this study were drawn from the 2009 US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which was the first nationally representative household survey to collect data on HIT (Internet) use. First, the rates of lifetime and 12-month HIT use among sample adults (n = 27,731) by age group (18-29 to 85 and over) were analyzed. Second, bivariate analysis of sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and health service use by HIT use status among those aged 65 or older (n = 5294) was conducted. Finally, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses with 12-month HIT use as the dependent variable and 12-month health service uses among the age group 65 or older as possible correlates. Results: The rates of HIT use were significantly lower among the age groups 65 or older compared with the younger age groups, although the age group 55 to 64 was not different from those younger. The rates of HIT use decreased from 32.2% in the age group 65 to 74 to 14.5% in the age group 75 to 84 and 4.9% in the 85 and older age group. For both genders, having seen or talked to a general practitioner increased the odds of HIT use. However, having seen or talked to a medical specialist, eye doctor, or physical therapist/occupational therapist (PT/OT) were significantly associated with HIT use only for older women, while having seen or talked to a mental health professional only marginally increased the odds of HIT use only for older men. Having visited or talked to a chiropractor and having had overnight hospitalization, surgery, and/or homecare services were not associated with the odds of HIT use for either gender. Conclusions: Older-adult users of general health services were more likely to use HIT than nonusers of general health services, while older-adult users of specialized health services were not different from nonusers of specialized health services in their odds of HIT use. The findings have implications for narrowing the age-related and socioeconomic status-related gaps in HIT use. The access gaps among racial/ethnic minority older adults and poorly educated and/or low-income older adults are especially striking and call for concerted efforts to facilitate Internet access and HIT use among these disadvantaged older adults.
Re-evaluating indexing schemes for nested objects

Performance is a major issue in the acceptance of object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS). The nested index and path index schemes have been criticized for their heavy costs and poor handling of update operations. This paper re-evaluates three index schemes (nested index, path index, and multi-index) applicable to queries on nested attributes. Among these, we found that a multi-index scheme is best supported in the object-oriented or extended relational DBMS environment. Multi-index schemes not only provide a better balance between retrieval and update costs than do the nested or path indices, but they also scale well for update when the number of indices increases. In this paper, we propose a multi-index design that reuses the single-table index structures already present in a DBMS. Our performance study extends previous models by permitting attributes to be multi-valued as well as single-valued. We also suggest that a combination of nested index and multi-index schemes offers a feasible solution to the support of queries on nested objects.
Applications of Spectral Analysis In Airborne Electromagnetic Data Interpretation

Spectral analysis of profiles of airborne electromagnetic data over thin conductive targets can be used to interpret for their depth, dip, and quality. Profiles iu the spacsdomain are transformed k the wavenumberdomain by the application of a Fourier transform. A direct interpretation in the wavenumberdomain can then be done for the depth, dip, and quality of an anomalous body. The depth to the top of the equivalent current axis below the receiver is calculated from the slope of the ampliitude spectrum decay. Dip is best determined from the phase spectrum, and quality from the spectral changes with time of measurement or operating frequency. Evidence to support the use of the spectral analysis method of interpretation can be deduced from analytical resulk obtained by approximating the induced current flow in a target by a single line source at the top, and from analysis of numerical modeling results. Applications of this interpretation technique are shown for several field data sets. It can also be applied to the interpretation of ground electromagnetic data.
Preparing Youth to Exercise Self-Determination: Quality Indicators of School Environments That Promote the Acquisition of Knowledge, Skills, and Beliefs Related to Self-Determination

If youth with disabilities are to be adequately prepared to maximize opportunities for self-determination in adulthood, they need to be equipped with the knowledge, beliefs, and skills that lead to self-determination in their educational programs. This article identifies quality indicators of educational programs that promote self-determination. The quality indicators are holistic in nature and address the self-determination of all members of the school community. Guidelines for using the quality indicators for program improvement are provided.
Base-catalyzed oligomerization of levoglucosenone

Abstract Heating levoglucosenone in aqueous triethylamine gives a dimer and two trimers in yields of 8, 18, and 56%, respectively. These compounds have been isolated crystalline, and their structures and stereochemistry have been investigated by 13 C- and 1 H-n.m.r. and other spectroscopic methods. These data indicate that the dimer is apparently formed by Michael addition to provide a C-3-C-4 linkage. Similar reactions provide a non-olefinic, C-3-C-4-linked, cyclic trimer and an olefinic, cyclic trimer containing two C-3-C-4 linkages and one C-2-C-3 linkage.
Localization and differential expression of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the nematode Ascaris suum.

By immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical methods, FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity (FLI) was localized to many neurons and processes in the Ascaris nervous system, including the head, tail, and lateral lines. Some of these cells were identified; they included sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. FLI was also present in the pharyngeal neurons and in their varicosities near the surface of the pharynx. By HPLC analysis of extract, only a subset of the FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) expressed in Ascaris heads, and heads from which the pharynx had been removed, were expressed in the pharynx. Furthermore, FLPs appeared to be differentially expressed in female heads and tails and male heads and tails. Acetone and acid methanol differentially extracted subforms of FLI from Ascaris heads and from C. elegans. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of Consumer Behavior of Physically Disabled and of Non-Disabled Homemakers

Management of family consumer responsibilities is largely a mental process through which even the most severely physically disabled homemaker can contribute meaningfully to family life. To what extent do physically disabled homemakers recognize and implement the role of consumer-manager as a major avenue for contributing toward management of the home? What are some of the management problems which are unique to disabled homemakers as they attempt to pursue activities germane to the management of family consumership? Finally, in designing rehabilitation programs intended to help physically disabled homemakers develop increased managerial ability, what consumer competencies should be attributed significant priority relevant to curriculum development? The following article provides empirical evidence which affords insight into these questions.
Inhibitory action of carbodiimides on bacterial membrane ATPase.

Abstract Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits the membrane ATPase of Streptococcus fecalis indirectly through a reaction with another membrane component as yet unidentified. Whether or not DCCD reacts covalenly to produce this inhibition is also not known. We have now found that several other carbodiimide compounds differing greatly from DCCD in structure and water solubility are also inhibitory. However, the hydrophobic carbodiimides were more potent by many orders of magnitude. Since structurally diverse carbodiimides could inhibit the membrane-bound ATPase we conclude that the inhibition results from a covalent reaction. The relatively high potency of the hydrophobic carbodiimides indicates that the reactive site is located within a non-polar region of the membrane. It is suggested that hydrophobic carbodiimides such as DCCD, by partitioning in the lipid phase of the membrane can reach a local concentration sufficiently high to react covalently with a membrane protein functional group.
Formation of clavicipitic acid in cell-free systems of Claviceps sp.

Abstract 4-Dimethylallyltryptophan-[3- 14 C] was converted to clavicipitic acid in cell-free extracts from Claviceps sp. SD 58 and Claviceps purpurea PRL 1980. Activity was concentrated in the microsomal fraction. Oxygen was required but there was no cofactor requirement. p -(Hydroxymercuri)benzoic acid strongly inhibited the conversion. Addition of diethyldithiocarbamate increased conversion 2·5 ×. Conversion was favored at high pH. Clavicipitic acid [ 14 C] added to cultures of Claviceps sp. SD 58 was not significantly incorporated into elymoclavine.
Alliances, Threats, and U.S. Grand Strategy: A Reply to Kaufmann and Labs

(1992). Alliances, Threats, and U.S. Grand Strategy: A Reply to Kaufmann and Labs. Security Studies: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 448-482.
The synthesis of diazo, halo, and sulfoxy bile acid derivatives: potential affinity labels.

Abstract Bile acid derivatives, with and without C-3 sulfate groups, and having either the diazo- or halomethylketone moieties, have been synthesized in good yield and purity. The synthetic sequence, COOH→OC1→COCHN2→COCH2X, was used with deoxycholic and cholic acids, which requires carefully controlled quench, work-up, and purification procedures, especially for the 3-sulfate esters (made from deoxycholic acid derivatives only). The pure title compounds are anticipated to be useful chemical probes (affinity labels), especially the completely water soluble sulfates, toward our studies of ileal active transport of bile salts. A new use for Sephadex LH-20 as a sulfate ester protecting group is reported. Also developed were the use of acetamide hydrochloride complex as a mild hydrochlorination reagent and a neutral desalting method for sulfate esters of deoxycholic acid derivatives.
Ontologies of the Future and Interfaces for All: Archaeological Databases for the Twenty-First Century

Archaeological database management systems serve the basic and important functions of ordering, archiving, and disseminating archaeological data. The increased availability of computers and data storage over the past two decades has enabled the exponential growth of archaeological databases and data models. Despite their importance and ubiquity, archaeological database systems are rarely the subject of theoretical analysis within the discipline due to their “black box” nature and the perceived objectivity of computerized systems. Inspired by H. Martin Wobst’s meditations on materiality and disciplinary ethics, in this paper I explore how archaeological database systems structure archaeological interpretation and disciplinary practice. In turn, I offer suggestions for how archaeological database systems can better support pressing anthropological research topics of the 21st century including multivocality, participatory research and ethics, social memory, and social complexity studies.
Solution and Crystal Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of m4-Cyanovirin-N Mutants Complexed with Di-Mannose

Cyanovirin-N (CVN) is a highly potent anti-HIV carbohydrate-binding agent that establishes its microbicide activity through interaction with mannose-rich glycoprotein gp120 on the virion surface. The m4-CVN and P51G-m4-CVN mutants represent simple models for studying the high-affinity binding site, BM. A recently determined 1.35 A high-resolution structure of P51G-m4-CVN provided details on the di-mannose binding mechanism, and suggested that the Arg-76 and Glu-41 residues are critical components of high mannose specificity and affinity. We performed molecular-dynamics simulations in solution and a crystal environment to study the role of Arg-76. Network analysis and clustering were used to characterize the dynamics of Arg-76. The results of our explicit solvent solution and crystal simulations showed a significant correlation with conformations of Arg-76 proposed from x-ray crystallographic studies. However, the crystal simulation showed that the crystal environment strongly biases conformational sampling of the Arg-76 residue. The solution simulations demonstrated no conformational preferences for Arg-76, which would support its critical role as the residue that locks the ligand in the bound state. Instead, a comparative analysis of trajectories from >50 ns of simulation for two mutants revealed the existence of a very stable eight-hydrogen-bond network between the di-mannose ligand and predominantly main-chain atoms. This network may play a key role in the specific recognition and strong binding of mannose oligomers in CVN and its homologs.
QUASI-ISOMETRIC EXTENSIONS OF QUASISYMMETRIC MAPPINGS OF THE REAL LINE COMPATIBLE WITH COMPOSITION

We show that it is possible to extend, in a homomorphic fashion, each quasisym- metric homeomorphism of the real line to a quasi-isometry of the upper-half plane. Epstein and Markovic have recently shown that a homomorphic extension to quasiconformal homeomorphisms of the upper-half plane is not possible.
Delivery Room Management of Newborns with Prenatal Diagnosis of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. 1104

Delivery Room Management of Newborns with Prenatal Diagnosis of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. 1104
Effect of process variables on electrical properties of Pb-alloy Josephson junctions

Our studies on the effect of process variables on the electrical properties of Josephson tunnel junctions were directed toward optimization of the process for cryogenic memory applications, for which special importance is placed on the dc Josephson current density j1, its stability and reproducibility, and the junction quality. Variables studied included rf voltage, oxygen plasma pressure, the presence of oxygen during deposition of the counter electrode, the Composition and surface state of the base electrode, junction geometry, radial position on the wafer, and storage and annealing conditions. Various process adjustments were made in order to obtain acceptable device characteristics. For example, good tunnel characteristics could be obtained using Pb-Au-In alloys if In concentrations >8 wt% (for a fixed 3% Au concentration) were used in the base electrode. High pressure and low rf voltage during oxidation were preferable, since these conditions led to low annealing factors. We were also able to adjust j1, locally by irradiation with high-energy (>5 keV) electrons.