cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Florida panther dispersal and conservation

We studied dispersal in 27 radio-collared Florida panthers Puma concolor coryi in southern Florida from 1986 to 2000. Male dispersal was longer (mean=68.4 km) than that of females (mean=20.3 km), tended to be circular, frustrated, and of insufficient length to ameliorate inbreeding. Females were philopatric and established home ranges that were less than one home range width away from their natal ranges. All females were successful in establishing territories, whereas males were successful 63% of the time. Dispersing panthers avoided moving toward the southeast and into an area of limited forest cover. Independence and the initiation of dispersal occurred at about 14 months of age and lasted for an average of 7.0–9.6 months for females and males, respectively. On average, Florida panthers disperse shorter distances than are typical for western populations of Puma concolor. A recent increase in long distance male dispersal events may be related to an increase in reproduction and population density resulting from the introduction of female cougars P. c. stanleyana into south Florida. Although the population exhibits the behavioral ability to colonize nearby vacant range, females have yet to do so. Successful dispersal to these areas could be facilitated by habitat restoration and translocation of females. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Perioperative effectiveness research using large databases

While the delivery of anaesthesia care is largely a safe process and adverse events are infrequent, they can have devastating consequences for patients and providers when they occur. Given concerns about the role of anaesthesia care in shaping long-term outcomes traditionally considered outside the scope of anaesthesiology, new avenues for perioperative research are being explored at a rapid rate by anaesthesia researchers. We propose that new research methodologies such as perioperative effectiveness research could shed useful insight into processes leading to improved clinical care if applied appropriately and optimally. In this article, we outline the basic concepts of perioperative outcomes and effectiveness research. We highlight many sources of data, both clinical and non-clinical, and evaluate their utility in perioperative research. We then discuss how to design a successful effectiveness study, focussing particularly on which questions in anaesthesiology would be most amenable to exploration with this method, thereby providing a guide for future research endeavours.
RiverInk--An Extensible Framework for Multimodal Interoperable Ink

Pen-based interfaces offer exciting opportunities in ubiquitous computing by enabling new hardware form factors and socially acceptable computing tasks. However, prevailing ink representations are not compatible across devices or even within vendors, compromising interoperability and hence true ubiquity. We propose a lossless multimodal multi-format XML ink framework called RiverInk that overcomes many of the interoperability issues faced in using platform-specific standards. This paper motivates the interoperability problems created by ubiquity, and then describes the design of RiverInk's format, APIs, and ink controls. RiverInk's framework encompasses interoperable support for both archival and streaming ink-based applications, and a range of alternatives for platforms that do not currently support ink. Three RiverInk applications were developed within the ActiveCampus ubiquitous computing environment to demonstrate both the ease of adding interoperability to an ink-based application and the degree of interoperability provided. The adaptability of the framework to new platforms is discussed
An integrated approach for the probabilistic risk assessment of the mars relay network

The Mars relay network consists of Mars orbiters, relay radios, and ground systems from several different countries. It provides communications, timing, and navigation services to in-situ probes at and near Mars. The Mars relay network currently consists of the NASA Mars global surveyor and Mars Odyssey orbiters, and the ESA Mars express orbiter. The NASA Mars reconnaissance orbiter will join these orbiters in 2006. Estimations of risk, robustness and capability are important to the Mars Program Office for long-term decisions about the relay network. One element of this is the expected reliability of the relay capability of each of the orbiters. This paper addresses the generation of a unified framework for the reliability analysis of the Mars relay network. The proposed analysis is based on the development of probabilistic models for the reliability assessment of each of the current and planned Mars orbiters and the integration of these reliability measures into a framework for a system level analysis of the network. The results emphasize the sensitivity of the input data and the need for further research and investigation into the failure characteristics of the system elements being modeled. Furthermore, a multi-state risk analysis, in addition to the reliability analysis, may be conducted to determine the probability of various states for each of the orbiters
Smoking cessation interventions among African Americans: research needs.

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disability in the United States, and African Americans (AAs) bear a disproportionate burden of the health consequences of smoking.1 Compared with white smokers, AA smokers have a higher incidence and death rate for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, cervix, larynx, stomach, pancreas, and lung.2,3 The death rate from cerebrovascular disease is approximately twice as high among AAs compared with whites, and the 1998 Surgeon General’s Report concluded that “cigarette smoking among AAs clearly appears to have a significant role in elevating the risks of stroke in this population.”3 Because of the health disparities attributable to smoking, smoking cessation among AAs has been identified as a national health priority.3 However, the search for effective methods to reduce tobacco use among AA smokers is hampered by the paucity of high-quality, well-designed research in at least two key areas: (1) the efficacy of treatments among AA smokers, and (2) racial/ethnic differences that may affect treatment selection and outcome. This paper briefly summarizes the research needs in these two areas.
Secretory non-pancreatic phospholipase A2: influence on lipoprotein metabolism

Lipoprotein metabolism is markedly altered during inflammation. The concentration of human secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) can increase hundreds of fold in inflammatory fluids and in the circulation. It was detected in atherosclerotic lesions where many inflammatory genes are induced. As sPLA2 has been reported to act on lipoproteins as substrates, lipoprotein profiles in transgenic mice expressing sPLA2 were studied. HDL levels were markedly decreased in transgenic mice overexpressing sPLA2. HDL in the transgenics were smaller in size, with a significant decrease (11%) in phospholipid content compared to nontransgenic littermates. In sPLA2 transgenic mice and transgenic mice expressing both sPLA2 and human apolipoprotein B (apoB), the concentrations of apoB-containing lipoproteins were not altered. We conclude that sPLA2 alters HDL metabolism and could be responsible for the depressed levels of HDL that exist during chronic inflammatory diseases.
Roundtable for Rising Black Political Scientists: Searching for, Applying to, Interviewing for and Beginning Tenure Track Positions at Liberal Arts Institutions and Research Institutions

Presenters: Dr. Christopher Whitt, Augustana College and Dr. Nadia Brown, Saint Louis University Our aim is to provide information for those seeking to secure a tenure-track position at either liberal arts institutions or research institutions. We envision that the audience will primarily be comprised of graduate students, yet we are mindful that may be others in varying stages of career development in attendance as well. We hope to provide advice about job market preparation for the two types of institutions including but not limited to: -preparation of packet materials and job talks (cover letters, research agendas and teaching philosophies) -meeting with University faculty and staff and question preparation -negotiating contracts -dissertation completion fellowships We will begin with a brief introduction and a few remarks from selected panelists. Then we will break into small groups so grad students and job seekers can get some more individualized attention. Finally we will come back together for the last few minute to wrap things up with a few final remarks and questions. We want to include all of the folks who were interested in helping since they have some varied and rich experiences that could benefit rising Black political scientists.
Robust mesoporous silica compacts: multi-scale characterization of microstructural changes related to physical–mechanical properties

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to compact chemically synthesized mesoporous silica powders with ordered hexagonal nanopore channels (~5 nm). Solid compact disks (~19 mm diameter) densified at processing temperatures from 600 to 1000 °C were characterized at multiple length scales using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Vickers hardness tests, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller gas adsorption measurements. Microscopy revealed both micro- and nanoporosity in the compacted disks and the hexagonal mesopore channels in the starting powders were retained during SPS at temperatures up to 850 °C under a uniaxial pressure of 10.6 MPa. The degree of macroporosity in SPS samples was correlated to the mechanical properties, surface area, and pore morphology. The macroporosity is retained up to 950 °C under the same pressure, and the degree of macroporosity increases when the mesopores collapse due to individual particle shrinkage. The results of multi-scale characterization of the mesoporous silica compacts were used to shed light on the role of nanostructure and microstructure on the mechanical and physical properties of SPS processed compacted disks.
Nitrous Oxide Uptake in Man: A New Concept of Uptake of Inhalation Anesthetics

Background: With proper recognition of the functional residual capacity (FRC) and the existence of the alveolar membrane in consideration of gas uptake, the uptake of nitrous oxide does not follow the previously de- scribed power function of time, 1,000 ml x t^(-1/2). Methods: By use of a simple subtraction method, nitrous oxide uptake was measure d in patients undergoing anesthesia with nitrous oxide in oxygen and a high-dose narcotic for cardiac surgery. Results: When FRC washin was considere d separately, the uptake of nitrous oxide which started from zero, reached its peak value at the end of washin, and the n diminished slowly. Conclusions: In contrast to previous publications, in which the time course of F(subscript A) A/F(subscript I) was used to express the uptake of nitrous oxide, in spite of the are a under the curve of F (subscript A) /F (subscript I) should not be used to express uptake, in-stead, the area above the curve, (1–F (subscript A)/F (subscript I)), fits the results and should be considered as re presenting uptake.
Effects of methane concentration and hydrogen treatment on preferred orientation in diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition

We have conducted x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses of diamond films grown by hot filament assisted chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). We present results on the relative abundance of the (111), (220) and (400) faces in polycrystalline diamond films as functions of CH4 concentration. The intensity of the (111) peak can be varied from about 20% to 60% by adjusting CH4 in CH4/H2 mixtures. We also present results on preferred orientation in films grown under varying hydrogen treatments. We discuss correlations between the preferred orientation, FWHM of the diamond peak in the Raman spectrum, and surface morphology of the films.
Retention as a function of natural language mediation and of time

Subjects learned 20 CVC pairs and reported the method used in learning (rote or natural language mediator, NLM). After 1, 3, or 9 days, recall was tested and method of learning was reported. Recall was virtually unchanged over 9 days for those pairs for which the NLM reported at recall was the same as at acquisition. Retention was low for pairs learned by rote or with a NLM that was forgotten at recall, and decreased as the retention interval increased.
A Synopsis of Cooling Tower Pump Sump Modeling Experience

Cooling tower pump sumps are often designed according to the Hydraulic Institute (HI) Standards [1]. However, when geometric or economic limitations lead to deviations from these standards, a physical hydraulic model study is often conducted. This paper summarizes a number of recent physical model studies and brings to attention some of the recurring problems observed during the physical model studies. Performance comparisons are made between stations strictly adhering to the established design standards and those with minor or significant variations.© 2003 ASME
Two siphonostomatoid copepods (Coralliomyzontidae) associated with the ahermatypic coral Tubastraea in the Moluccas

Two siphonostomatoid copepods (Coralliomyzontidae) are associatedwith the ahermatypic coral Tubastraea micracantha at Banda inthe Moluccas. Cholomyzon brevisetigerum, new species, hasunusually short setae on the caudal rami. Corallimyzonlatitergum, new species, has an enlarged, posteriorly slightlytrilobate tergum on the third metasomal somite and lacksleg 4.
Effect of call organization on burnout and quality of life in psychiatry residents

We aimed to measure the effects of a residency program's mid-year shift from 24-h call to night float on resident burnout and quality of life. At the end of the year, residents who started the year with 24-h call had worse burnout and quality of life, with statistical significance and large effect sizes. Exposure to a twenty-four hour call system, when compared to a full year of night float, may be associated with increased burnout and decreased quality of life, though measuring this effect is not straightforward.
Amorphization-assisted nanoscale wear during the running-in process

Abstract Atomistic simulations were used to study the nanoscale wear of crystalline silicon with a native oxide sliding against amorphous silicon dioxide. The size, shape and crystallographic orientation of the model were defined to be comparable to those in a corresponding atomic force microscope experiment, where the tip was imaged before and after 40 nm of sliding using ex situ transmission electron microscopy. Tip wear was quantified in the simulation as the volume of silicon atoms removed from the tip at intervals up to 40 nm sliding distance. We also quantified amorphization during sliding as the change of tip material from crystalline to amorphous. Amorphization was analyzed in the context of a previously-proposed analytical model for crystalline-to-amorphous transitions and related qualitatively to local strain distributions within the tip. Finally, wear and amorphization rates were found to exhibit similar trends, which suggests that amorphization may play an important role in nanoscale wear during the running-in process.
Facts up front versus traffic light food labels: a randomized controlled trial.

Background The U.S. food and beverage industry recently released a new front-of-package nutrition labeling system called Facts Up Front that will be used on thousands of food products. Purpose To test consumer understanding of the Facts Up Front system (Facts Up Front) compared to the Multiple Traffic Light system (Traffic Light). Facts Up Front displays grams/milligrams and percentage daily value information for various nutrients; Traffic Light uses an interpretive color-coded scheme to alert consumers to low, medium, and high levels of certain nutrients. Design Participants in an Internet-based study were randomized to one of five front-of-package label conditions: (1) no label; (2) Traffic Light; (3) Traffic Light plus information about protein and fiber (Traffic Light+); (4) Facts Up Front; or (5) Facts Up Front plus information about “nutrients to encourage” (Facts Up Front+). Setting/participants A total of 703 adults recruited through an online database in May 2011 participated in this study, and data were analyzed in June 2011. Main outcome measures Total percentage correct quiz scores were generated reflecting participants' ability to compare two foods on nutrient levels, based on their labels, and to estimate amounts of saturated fat, sugar, sodium, fiber and protein in the foods. Results The front-of-package label groups outperformed the control group on nearly all of the nutrient quizzes (p 80% on all quizzes). Conclusions Overall, those in the Traffic Light+ condition performed better than those in the Facts Up Front conditions on measures of nutrition knowledge and label perceptions. Trial registration This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT01626729 .
Physics and Technology of Emerging Non-Volatile Memories

Although flash technology has clearly demonstrated its capability to shrink the cell size according to Moore’s law, further reduction of the dimension is facing fundamental physical limits, and it is demanding technological developments that are making the cell scaling less convenient from the economic standpoint. To improve the performance and scalability with respect to floating-gate devices, innovative concepts for alternative NVM have been proposed in the past and are under investigation today, as we dream of find the ideal memory that combines fast read, fast write, non-volatility, low-power, and unlimited endurance, and obviously at a cost comparable to flash or DRAM.
Precision Electrophile Tagging in Caenorhabditis elegans

Adduction of an electrophile to privileged sensor proteins and the resulting phenotypically dominant responses are increasingly appreciated as being essential for metazoan health. Functional similarities between the biological electrophiles and electrophilic pharmacophores commonly found in covalent drugs further fortify the translational relevance of these small-molecule signals. Genetically encodable or small-molecule-based fluorescent reporters and redox proteomics have revolutionized the observation and profiling of cellular redox states and electrophile–sensor proteins, respectively. However, precision mapping between specific redox-modified targets and specific responses has only recently begun to be addressed, and systems tractable to both genetic manipulation and on-target redox signaling in vivo remain largely limited. Here we engineer transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing functional HaloTagged fusion proteins and use this system to develop a generalizable light-controlled approach to tagg...
Performative Texts and the Pedagogical Theatre: Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home as Compositional Model

In this chapter, Cordeiro and Ellison reflect on their use of Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home, a rich, multimodal text they have incorporated in many of their freshman- and sophomore-level Honors composition and general population first-year seminar classes. As they discuss, they have used and approached Fun Home from a variety of angles: generically in relation to the Bildungsroman, as a Gothic novel, as a memoir, as a graphic novel, and as a model of performativity embedded by and within the text, highlighting the ways in which Fun Home both performs and is about identity performance. Cordeiro and Ellison foreground the concept of “pedagogical theatre” to illustrate how strong pedagogy should be fluid, flexible, shifting, nebulous, and always in rehearsal, as, like the characters in Bechdel’s novels, educators and scholars continually negotiate their relationships with students, with texts, and with writing.
Asparagine synthetase: Function, structure, and role in disease

Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7. Elevated ASNS protein expression is associated with resistance to asparaginase therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. There is evidence that ASNS expression levels may also be inversely correlated with asparaginase efficacy in certain solid tumors as well. Children with mutations in the ASNS gene exhibit developmental delays, intellectual disability, microcephaly, intractable seizures, and progressive brain atrophy. Thus far, 15 unique mutations in the ASNS gene have been clinically associated with asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASD). Molecular modeling using the Escherichia coli ASNS-B structure has revealed that most of the reported ASD substitutions are located near catalytic sites or within highly conserved regions of the protein. For some ASD patients, fibroblast cell culture studies have eliminated protein and mRNA synthesis or stability as the basis for decreased proliferation.
Relativistic Wigner functions in transition metal dichalcogenides

The Wigner function has been proven useful in many studies of transport as well as quantum coherence in experimental situations. When we deal with Dirac bands, this function becomes a matrix function. Here, we study the Wigner matrix for a situation in a transition metal dichacogenides with a dominant spin–orbit interaction. Here, we discuss $$\hbox {WS}_{2}$$ , where the bands can be described with the Dirac equation, and a unique spin-valley coupling arises. This leads to a 2X2 Wigner matrix for either the conduction band or the valence band. The off-diagonal elements display interference phenomena from the two diagonal components.
Oil prices, stock returns, and exchange rates: Empirical evidence from China and the United States

Abstract Employing the diagonal BEKK model as well as the dynamic impulse response functions, this study investigates the time-varying trilateral relationships among real oil prices, exchange rate changes, and stock market returns in China and the U.S. from February 1991 to December 2015. We highlight several key observations: (i) oil prices respond positively and significantly to aggregate demand shocks; (ii) positive oil supply shocks adversely and significantly affect the Chinese stock market; (iii) oil price shocks persistently and significantly impact the trade-weighted US dollar index negatively; (iv) the US and China stock markets correlate positively just as the dollar index and the exchange rate does; (v) a significant parallel inverse relation exists between the US stock market and the dollar and between the China stock market and the exchange rate; and (vi) the Chinese stock market is more volatile and responsive to aggregate demand and oil price shocks than the US stock market in recent years.
The War Against Hip-Hop

The book is about the political context of Gangsta rap and the cultural style it has produced. The culture war that swirls around all this has become an abstract conversation about "authenticity". The question seems to be "Is it art or poison?" We explore the context that is missing from the debate. Gangsta Rap is thought of as music, we interpret it as identity politics: a continuation of the 60’s style militancy by other means. The urban rebellions of the 60s brought "wreck" by smashing windows. The insurgent urban culture of today brings wreck by inversion: by valorizing the very social identity that Greater America has tried to demonize and degrade. It brings wreck as well by providing a vivid news report about ghetto conditions. The book argues the culture war functions as denial: It is part of the larger project of masking racial caste by attributing the conditions of the ghetto to "culture." Also, the book historicizes the black middle class objection to Gangsta Rap to show that the objection of the "assimilados" represents a split, in the 21st century, over the meaning of "black identity.""Decoding" Black Noise:When the mainstream "listens" to Gangsta Rap it hears only "nihilism" and violent lyrics. "There is no message, this is just 'black noise.'" Many blacks including black academics have joined this chorus. Clearly these critics listen from a great distance. The music has message, it says in a word, "Ain’t a damn thing changed." My book reveals that within this perspective of anger and alienation there is a complex set of dualities: The post-racial myth v. urban experience of social isolation; modern blackness (the black middle class version) v. post-modern blackness; embracing stereotypes v. seeking respectability. There is a "radical incommensurability" here, middle class observers probably will not agree with it but it is perspective. It is a struggle by members of an “underclass” who are trying to renegotiate the meaning of their isolation. In this chapter I try to lay the groundwork for a discussion of how structural racism persists but is "invisibilized" by the media. In film and in television the ghetto is a nightmare world of thugs and predators this creates a narrative of "us" v. "them". Tellingly, it has been referred to (by one of the policemen involved in the Rodney King beating) as "planet of the apes." It is made to appear not only as criminogenic but a foreign place, "another country." Later chapters will discuss how hip-hop attempts to make visible spaces and people society has sought to make invisible.
Object modeling to localize knowledge for feature interrelationships

Effective object-oriented software support of knowledge intensive CAD requires extension of the object-oriented paradigm because its hierarchies are fundamentally based upon ancestral relations. Propagations are proposed as an extension to facilitate modeling of interrelationships between features. Such object modeling provides an effective software tool for localized perspectives upon design knowledge stored in rule and case bases. These local views show promise as a means to avoid the combinatorial explosions common to knowledge based systems, as will be discussed with respect to a completed industrial example and to ongoing work on rapid prototyping data.
Regulation of the Onset of the Stationary Phase and Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

Publisher Summary Sporulating organisms, such as the aerobic bacilli are capable of competing successfully by maintaining high growth rates under conditions of nutrient sufficiency. When conditions are less favorable, such organisms retain the option to form a spore, thus allowing long-term survival under the most adverse natural circumstances. The signal-transduction system for initiation of sporulation is a significant variation of two-component regulatory systems that function to interpret environmental signals in bacteria. As sporulation is a direct response to the cellular level of phosphorylated Spo0A, the pathway that produces it is subject to a surfeit of controls. These controls operate by regulation of the flow of phosphate through the phosphorelay and by repression of transcription of genes for the components of the phosphorelay. There are several regulatory proteins in aggregate termed transition-state regulators that control expression of a large number of genes normally turned on during the transition state between exponential growth and the stationary phase of growth. Transition-state regulators are negative regulatory proteins that prevent transcription of the genes. The transition-state regulators and the phosphorelay are an integrated package producing a global regulatory network that ultimately can control sporulation as part of its function. However, they also can lead to other physiological states, such as competence that can be viewed as an alternative to sporulation. The chapter also outlines the initiation pathways for sporulation.
A Contribution to the Study of Turkish Dysderidae with Description of a New Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae)

Abstract A new species, Dysdera galinae n. sp. is described from Antalya, Turkey. Its relationship to, and differences from, D. argaeica Nosek, 1905 are discussed. New localities of D. argaeica and Harpactea alanyana Ozkutuk, Elverici, Marusik & Kunt, 2015 are provided. The female of Harpactea terveli Lazarov, 2009 is described from the type locality, and the species identity, synonymy, and distribution are discussed. H. erseni Kunt, Ozkutuk & Kaya, 2010 is regarded as junior synonym of H. terveli, n. syn.
Parametric Nonlinear Silicon-Based Photonics

Integrated silicon photonics is revolutionizing the field of optical communications as hybrid photonic/electronic integrated circuits made from this semiconductor material can seamlessly process signals spanning both the optical and electrical domains. The enormous bandwidth afforded by optical signaling enables extremely high aggregate data-rate communication signals. Correspondingly, signal processing devices must employ new mechanisms to keep up with the ever increasing need for greater capacity in communications. To this end, parametric nonlinear optical interactions in silicon-based materials provide a route toward processing and handling signal bandwidths well beyond a THz. These integrated silicon-based photonic structures also benefit from high optical confinement, large nonlinear optical responses, and long interaction lengths, making them highly suitable for power-efficient parametric nonlinear optical interactions. In particular, the parametric nonlinear optical interaction of four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon-based photonic devices has enabled a wealth of devices for next-generation information handling applications including communications, all-optical computing, metrology, and security, which will be highlighted in this review.
Blowin’ in the Wind – Another Study Reporting Shortfalls in Caring for Our Transgender Patients

Abstract The factors that contribute to persistent health disparities faced by the transgender community, such as lack of practitioner training and electronic health record deficiencies, are well documented. Yet, health-care leaders across settings and disciplines have not enacted the guidance provided almost a decade ago by organizations such as The Joint Commission to address the issues. This article summarizes a recent survey conducted by Goldberg, Moy, and Rosenkrantz (2018) which reported on policies and practices at breast-imaging facilities across the United States. In addition to summarizing the article that was published in the Journal of the American College of Radiology, this article discusses the relevance of Goldberg et al.’s findings. This commentary calls on health-care leaders to take action to address the festering shortfalls in care which contribute to the health disparities faced by the transgender community across all settings including radiology practices.
Trajectory-Optimized Sensing for Active Search of Tissue Abnormalities in Robotic Surgery

In this work, we develop an approach for guiding robots to automatically localize and find the shapes of tumors and other stiff inclusions present in the anatomy. Our approach uses Gaussian processes to model the stiffness distribution and active learning to direct the palpation path of the robot. The palpation paths are chosen such that they maximize an acquisition function provided by an active learning algorithm. Our approach provides the flexibility to avoid obstacles in the robot's path, incorporate uncertainties in robot position and sensor measurements, include prior information about location of stiff inclusions while respecting the robot-kinematics. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work in literature that considers all the above conditions while localizing tumors. The proposed framework is evaluated via simulation and experimentation on three different robot platforms: 6-DoF industrial arm, da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK), and the Insertable Robotic Effector Platform (IREP). Results show that our approach can accurately estimate the locations and boundaries of the stiff inclusions while reducing exploration time.
Verifiably safe SCUBA diving using commodity sensors: work-in-progress

SCUBA diving is an activity in which divers remain underwater for prolonged periods by using a self-contained breathing apparatus. Diving is safety critical because changing depth too rapidly or running out of oxygen before surfacing can result in life-threatening consequences. These risks are currently minimized by using a wrist-mounted, 'air-integrated' dive computer that monitors time, depth and air tank pressure (received through expensive wireless transceivers or a hose). These computers are costly for the average recreational dive.We present a hybrid systems model and safety proof for a SCUBA diving computer that estimates air consumption of the diver using commodity heart rate sensors, instead. We employ a mathematical model of oxygen uptake in response to exercise and thereby predict the time remaining for the air supply to be depleted, as well as obviate the need for a tank-mounted wireless transmitter or the cumbersome hose integrated computer for directly monitoring tank pressure. We formally verify a controller that ensures the diver can always surface without running out of breathable air.
Antibacterial and bioactive dental restorative materials: Do they really work?

Purpose This proceedings reviews current antibacterial and bioactive dental materials and new agents in development. Methods Experts from across academia, industry and clinical practice were invited to present, discuss, and work together to develop solutions to the challenge of formulating and applying antibacterial dental materials in a symposium in Seoul, Korea in June, 2016.
Where Does the Fluorine Come From? A Review on the Challenges Associated with the Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds

Fluorinated organic molecules are increasingly being prepared for a variety of applications, including pharmaceutical products. However, the supply chain to access the necessary raw materials, whic...
Hidradenite supurativa: relato de caso

Introducao: A hidradenite supurativa e uma doenca inflamatoria cutânea cronica e recorrente. O diagnostico e clinico e na maior parte das vezes tardio, com um periodo medio ate ao diagnostico de sete anos. Este caso constitui um desafio diagnostico, pois difere da epidemiologia mais frequente para esta doenca. Descricao do caso: Doente do sexo masculino, de 44 anos de idade, com antecedentes de excesso de peso e fumador de 28 unidades maco/ano. Em 2008 refere aparecimento de nodulos retro-auriculares e cervicais e, posteriormente, nodulos axilares e inguinais. Durante 10 anos apresenta multiplos episodios de infecao dos nodulos e aparecimento de novas lesoes, com supuracao e fistulizacao. E submetido a multiplos tratamentos antibioticos e a varios procedimentos excisionais. Em 2018 e levantada a hipotese diagnostica de hidradenite supurativa, tendo iniciado antibioterapia dirigida. O diagnostico e confirmado por dermatologia, tendo sido proposto para tratamento biologico, por falha de resposta a terapeutica antibiotica. Comentario: O diagnostico atempado da hidradenite supurativa e fundamental e os medicos de familia possuem uma posicao privilegiada para a sua abordagem inicial e referenciacao atempada.
Total aesthetic reconstruction of postburn bilateral breast loss using transverse myocutaneous gracilis free flaps: A case report and literature review.

Reconstruction of breast burns are challenging, as it includes both functional and aesthetic components. Transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap has been used for postmastectomy breast reconstruction in the absence of abdominal donor site availability. Use of this flap for the breast burns is limited. A 32-year-old female sustained 54% second and third degree burns resulting with bilateral total breast loss. Anterior and posterior thorax, upper and mid abdomen, neck, shoulders, and bilateral upper extremities were also involved. Inner medial thighs had an ample amount of tissue and had never been used as donor sites. The left TMG (28 × 12 cm, 1,413 g) was used for right, and the right TMG (30 × 14 cm, 1,635 g) was used for the left breast, 3 months apart. The contracture on the chest wall was completely excised. Venous anastomosis to the venae commitantes was performed using a 2.5 mm coupler, followed by an end-to-end arterial anastomosis to the internal mammary artery. Flaps were inset in a fashion so that the inferior part became the inframammary fold, and the anterior and posterior wings were joined in the upper pole, creating a conical shape. Minimal wound dehiscence in the postoperative course healed with dressing changes and both flaps survived completely. Nipple reconstruction and areolar tattooing was performed. The patient was very happy with the outcome at seventh year follow-up. TMG may be a valuable option even in bilateral cases of microsurgical autologous free tissue transfer for total aesthetic reconstruction of postburn breast loss.
On manifest SU(4)-invariant superstring action in AdS 5 ×S 5

We discuss manifestly SL(2,C)×SU(4) and κ-invariant superstring action in an AdS5×S5 background within the framework of the Green-Schwarz formulation. The action is formulated in terms of 16 Poincare fermionic coordinates which through AdS/CFT correspondence should represent = 4 SYM superspace and 16 superconformal fermionic coordinates. The action is also manifestly invariant with respect to the usual = 4 Poincare superalgebra transformations. κ-symmetry gauge fixing and the derivation of lightcone gauge action are simplified.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Treatment Completion for Youths with and without a Psychiatric Comorbidity

The current study sought to examine the comorbidity of substance misuse and a mental health problem among adolescents and young adults, aged 15–24. It also sought to examine racial/ethnic dispariti...
Vernacular Industrialism in China: Local Innovation and Translated Technologies in the Making of a Cosmetics Empire, 1900-1940: Eugenia Lean. New York: Columbia University Press, 2020. 416 Pages. Cloth $ 65.00, ISBN 9780231193481.

Eugenia Lean’s Vernacular Industrialism in China is a meticulously researched account of Chen Diexian – a lettered elite and new-style industrialist from Hangzhou – and his business, scientific, an...
Understanding Determinant Factors of Firm Performance: A Time Path Analysis of the Auto-Industry

This study pursues to answer the question of “What are determinant factors of firms’ performance?” Auto industry data of 33 brands are investigated by using SEM technique. Findings show counter intuitive impacts of some factors and call 48-month residual values into question about using it as a good performance measure in auto industry.
Zonal characterization and differential trilineage potentials of equine intrasynovial deep digital flexor tendon-derived cells

Intrasynovial deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) injuries occur frequently and are often implicated in cases of navicular disease with poor outcomes and reinjuries. Cell-based approaches to tendon healing are gaining traction in veterinary medicine and ultimately may contribute to improved DDFT healing in horses. However, a better understanding of the innate cellular characteristics of equine DDFT is necessary for developing improved therapeutic strategies. Additionally, fibrocartilaginous, intrasynovial tendons like the DDFT are common sites of injury and share a poor prognosis across species, offering translational applications of this research. The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize tendon-derived cells (TDC) from intrasynovial DDFT harvested from within the equine forelimb podotrochlear bursa. TDC from the fibrocartilaginous and tendinous zones are separately isolated and assessed. Flow cytometry is performed for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface markers (CD 29, CD 44, CD 90). Basal tenogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic markers are assessed via quantitative real time-PCR, and standard trilineage differentiation is performed with third passage TDC from the fibrocartilaginous (fTDC) and tendinous (tTDC) zones of DDFT. Low-density plating isolated homogenous TDC populations from both zones. During monolayer passage, both TDC subpopulations exhibited clonogenicity, high in vitro proliferation rate, and fibroblast-like morphology. fTDC and tTDC were positive for MSC surface markers CD90 and CD29 and negative for CD44. There were no significant differences in basal tenogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic marker expression between zones. While fTDC were largely restricted to chondrogenic differentiation, tTDC underwent osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Both TDC subpopulations displayed weak adipogenic differentiation potentials. TDC at the level of the podotrochlear bursa, that potentially could be targeted for enhancing DDFT injury healing in horses were identified and characterized. Pending further investigation, promoting chondrogenic properties in cells administered exogenously into the intrasynovial space may be beneficial for intrasynovial tendon regeneration.
Systematic interrogation of mutation groupings reveals divergent downstream expression programs within key cancer genes

Genes implicated in tumorigenesis often exhibit diverse sets of genomic variants in the tumor cohorts within which they are frequently mutated. For many genes, neither the transcriptomic effects of these variants nor their relationship to one another in cancer processes have been well-characterized. We sought to identify the downstream expression effects of these mutations and to determine whether this heterogeneity at the genomic level is reflected in a corresponding heterogeneity at the transcriptomic level. By applying a novel hierarchical framework for organizing the mutations present in a cohort along with machine learning pipelines trained on samples’ expression profiles we systematically interrogated the signatures associated with combinations of mutations recurrent in cancer. This allowed us to catalogue the mutations with discernible downstream expression effects across a number of tumor cohorts as well as to uncover and characterize over a hundred cases where subsets of a gene’s mutations are clearly divergent in their function from the remaining mutations of the gene. These findings successfully replicated across a number of disease contexts and were found to have clear implications for the delineation of cancer processes and for clinical decisions. The results of cataloguing the downstream effects of mutation subgroupings across cancer cohorts underline the importance of incorporating the diversity present within oncogenes in models designed to capture the downstream effects of their mutations.
Pressure Points: Workplace bullying, self-determination, and career interruption for women in higher education

Studies have confirmed that workplace bullying disproportionately affects women, as women tend to reside in positions with less power. This chi-square analysis considers how women are disproportionate career interruption because of workplace bullying in higher education.
Effect of Oxygenation on the Liftoff, Stabilization, and Blowout Characteristics of Laminar Co-flow Jet Flames

This chapter summarizes the results of a computational study that examined the effects of a new oxygenation strategy on the flame structure, liftoff height, stabilization, and blowout characteristics in non-premixed laminar co-flow jets. Oxygenated ethylene–air flames were established by employing an innovative strategy of using \({\mathrm{N}}_{2}\)-diluted fuel jet along with O2-enriched oxidizer jet such that the stoichiometric mixture fraction (fst) is varied but the adiabatic flame temperature is not materially changed. For each case, the flame liftoff and blowout processes were examined by using CO2 dilution in the fuel jet. A time accurate, implicit, axisymmetric CFD code that uses a detailed description of transport and chemistry (111 species and 784 reactions) and that includes radiation effects was adopted. The computational model and chemical mechanism were validated using published measurements of the flame length, temperature, and species profiles of ethylene/air jet flames. Simulations indicated burner attached flames for all levels of oxygen enrichment, without CO2 dilution. The flame stabilization mechanism in the near-field region can be described by a balance between the reaction rate and local scalar dissipation rate. Further, as the oxygen enrichment is increased, it becomes more difficult to get lifted flames. However, once a flame is lifted, its liftoff height increases rapidly with the increase in CO2 dilution, i.e., a lifted oxygenated flame exhibited a greater sensitivity to CO2 dilution.
Sociodemographics and chronic stress in mother-toddler dyads living in poverty.

Experiencing chronic stress early in life is associated with later health disparities, and poverty may be a significant stressor for both mothers and children. With a sample of primarily Black and White mothers (N = 75) and toddlers (N = 71) living in poverty in the United States, we examined the direct relations between sociodemographic conditions of poverty and chronic physiological stress. Mothers completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, including mother/toddler race, mother's education, father's education, poverty level, economic hardship, marital status, unemployment status, and toddler sex. Physiological chronic stress was measured by assaying the cortisol content of 4 cm samples of hair cut from the posterior vertex of mothers and toddlers (20-24 months of age) to represent 4 months of stress. Mothers' and toddlers' chronic stress was significantly, moderately, and positively associated. Toddlers had a trending relationship of moderately higher chronic stress if they were Black compared to not Black. Mothers had significantly, moderately higher chronic stress if they were Black or had a Black toddler (compared to not Black), not married (compared to married), or were working (compared to not working). The findings suggest that these mothers, simultaneously navigating poverty and parenting a toddler, need resources to reduce chronic stress.
Low temperature fracture toughness of polysulfide modified BPA-epoxide primers

Abstract A mixture of amidoamine and polysulfide crosslinkers were used to toughen a BPA-epoxide primer. Viscoelastic properties, fracture toughness, impact resistance, adhesion strength, corrosion properties were investigated. Fracture toughness study was conducted at ambient and low temperatures to approximate an aircraft at altitude. At ambient temperature, the amidoamine was sufficiently flexible due to ethylene oxide soft segments. However, at low temperature, the addition of polysulfide showed improved fracture toughness. The SEM of fractured surface revealed that fracture toughness improvement at low temperature is due to the both cavitation and shear yielding of polysulfide domains and epoxide matrix which dissipate energy and increase the toughness.
MOOCs as Neocolonialism: Who Controls Knowledge?

MOOCs are at the center of debate. This article discusses MOOCs from the perspective of the ownership of knowledge and the implications for developing countries.
The Corporate Law Background of the Necessary and Proper Clause

This paper investigates the corporate law background of the Necessary and Proper Clause. It turns out that corporate charters of the colonial and early federal period bristled with similar clauses, often attached to grants of rulemaking power. Analysis of these corporate charters suggests that the Necessary and Proper Clause does not create independent lawmaking competence; does not confer general legislative power; does not grant Congress unilateral discretion to determine the scope of its authority; requires that there be a reasonably close connection between constitutionally recognized ends and the legislative means chosen to accomplish those ends; and requires that federal law may not, without adequate justification, discriminate against or otherwise disproportionately affect the interests of particular citizens vis-a-vis others.