cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The endonasal endoscopic harvest and anatomy of the buccal fat pad flap for closure of skull base defects.

Objectives/Hypothesis Extirpation via expanded endonasal approaches (EEA) to the skull base can result in defects requiring vascularized rotational flap reconstruction. The buccal fat pad (BFP) is a vascularized graft described in open skull base resections, but its harvest and adequacy of vascular supply have not been examined for use with EEA. Study Design A transfacial cadaveric dissection was carried forth in a latex-injected specimen to characterize the BFP blood supply. Then a cadaveric dissection series was performed involving the endoscopic harvest and rotation of 10 buccal fat pads in five cadaveric specimens to assess defect coverage. Methods An endoscopic medial maxillectomy combined with an anterior maxillotomy was performed prior to endoscopic harvest in cadaveric specimens. The BFP was rotated to assess its capability to reconstruct seven possible ventral skull base defects. Finally, the BFP vascular anatomy was further characterized following harvest and transposition. Results The BFP reconstructed defects at the greater sphenoid wing, inferior and superior clivus, sella, planum, and bilateral ethmoids in all cadaveric specimens. In some cases it covered two sites concurrently. Conclusions The BFP pedicled rotational flap is a potential alternate flap following EEA in select cases. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 125:2247–2252, 2015
Dietary lipid, fatty acid oxidation and incorporation of carbon into cholesterol.

Female rats (200 g) were fed a nutritionally adequate diet containing 1% by weight of corn oil (low-fat, LF), 21% of corn oil (CO) or 20% of beef tallow plus 1% of corn oil (BT) for two weeks. Food was removed for 8–12 hr, then each rat was refed for 1 hr. Each rat was injected ip with Na-3H-acetate and U-14C-Na-palmitate, (P),-oleate (O) or-linoleate (L). Expired CO2 was collected for 2 hr. Liver, heart and serum were obtained for analysis of total lipid14C and3H and cholesterol14C and3H. Oxidation of L was twice as great as O or P when the LF diet was fed. CO and BT diets doubled oxidation of O to equal L, and increased oxidation of P, 50%. In liver and serum P was retained to a greater extent than O or L on BT and CO diets. Incorporation of acetate into total lipid was highest on LF diet and reduced by feeding either CO or BT. Incorporation of acetate into cholesterol was greater when BT or CO was fed than for LF.14C was incorporated into cholesterol in such small amounts that it was barely detectable and could not be counted accurately. Conclusions are that (a) dietary fat affects rate of oxidation of uniformly labeled palmitate and oleate, but not linoleate, (b) acetate is a more ready precursor to cholesterol than is fatty acid carbon, and (c) the acetate incorporated into cholesterol when polyunsaturated fat is fed is not derived directly from fatty acid carbon. The failure of incorporation of fatty acid carbon into cholesterol within 2 hr of administration opens the question of compartmentation of acetate as to its metabolic source.
Treatment of FLT3-ITD-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia Relapsing after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Sorafenib

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and internal tandem duplication of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 gene (FLT3-ITD) mutation have poor prognoses and are often treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Sorafenib, an inhibitor of multiple kinases including FLT3, has shown promising activity in FLT3-ITD-positive AML. We treated 16 patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML who relapsed after HSCT with sorafenib alone (n = 8) or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy (n = 8). The number of circulating blasts decreased in 80% of cases, but none of the patients achieved complete remission (CR); 3 achieved partial remission. Two patients were bridged to a second transplantation but both relapsed within 3 months of the transplantation. Median overall survival (OS) was 83 days, with none surviving more than a year. Sorafenib is not effective in the treatment of FLT3-ITD-positive AML relapsing after HSCT. Preventive strategies after HSCT may be more suitable for these high-risk patients.
Some observations on the interpretation of feldspar results

Abstract Recent studies have revealed properties of feldspars which have widespread implications for 40 Ar 39 Ar age spectra. In matters related to excess Ar, anomalous age spectrum shapes, slow cooling effects and radiogenic 40Ar 40Ar∗ loss, internally consistent, testable models are available which appear to well describe end-member phenomena. Simultaneously, however, criticisms have appeared which challenge the very basis of the method in providing chronological data, let alone thermal histories. The resolution appears not to lie in differing experimental approaches, but rather in the persistence of argon folklore and a tendency for some to endow a significance to their results beyond the scope of the sampling. Here, the recent literature is reviewed in light of these contradictions to assess what is known about age spectrum interpretation and what remains imperfectly understood.
Application of variational Bayesian PCA for speech feature extraction

In a standard mel-frequency cepstral coefficient-based speech recognizer, it is common to use the same feature dimension and the number of Gaussian mixtures for all subunits. We proposed to use different transformations and different number of mixtures for each subunit. We obtained the transformations from mel-frequency band energies by using the variational Bayesian principal component analysis (PCA) method. In the method, hyperparameters of the Gaussian mixtures and the number of mixtures are automatically learned through maximization of a lower bound of the evidence instead of the likelihood in the conventional maximum likelihood paradigm. Analyzing the TIMIT speech data, we revealed intrinsic structures of vowels and consonants. We demonstrated the userfulness of the method for speech recognition by performing phoneme classification of /b/, /d/ and /g/ phonemes.
Automorphisms of p-Groups Given as Cyclic-by-Elementary Abelian Central Extensions☆

Abstract We determine the structure of Aut G and its relation to symplectic groups when G is a non-abelian p -group given by a central extension of the form 1 → Z p → G → Z p × ··· × Z p → 1.
Single trial nicotine conditioned place preference in pre-adolescent male and female rats.

Abstract The mean age of first voluntary tobacco inhalation is 12.3 years (DiFranza et al., 2004). 60% of smokers start smoking before the age of 14 and 90% are dependent before reaching the age of 19. Females are typically more sensitive to nicotine than males yet few studies examine the effects of nicotine on the reward systems in pre-adolescent female subjects. This study utilized the single trial conditioned place preference (CPP) test in very young (postnatal day 25–27) rats of both sexes. Latent effects on anxiety and amphetamine response were determined 5 and 7 days following a second nicotine exposure. Results show that 0.05 mg/kg nicotine induced CPP in females following a single trial while both sexes showed CPP following the 0.5 mg/kg dose. Five days later, rats dosed with 0.05 mg/kg show increased time on the open arm of the elevated plus maze, an anxiolytic response. While baseline activity was increased in nicotine-exposed males 7 days following dosing, amphetamine response was not affected by the treatments in either sex. Therefore, our data suggest that young females are more sensitive to nicotine reward than males supporting a heightened sensitivity of the mesolimbic dopamine system in very young females. However, alterations in baseline activity were only seen in males suggesting that different components of the system are affected by nicotine in each sex. An anxiolytic response to nicotine 5 days after dosing may suggest that this very young age group is uniquely affected by this very low nicotine dose. Clearly, nicotine has substantial acute and lasting effects during pre-adolescence at doses substantially lower than seen at older ages as reported by others. These effects, which could potentially result from cigarette or e-cigarette smoking by 11–12 year old children , focus attention on the vulnerability of this age group to nicotine.
Improved treatment of the protein backbone in empirical force fields.

Empirical force field-based calculations of proteins, including protein-folding studies, have improved our understanding of the relationship of their structure to their biological function. However, limitations in the accuracy of empirical force fields in the treatment of the peptide backbone exist. Presented is a grid correction approach to improve the treatment of the peptide backbone φ/ψ conformational energies. Inclusion of this correction with the CHARMM22 all-atom protein force field is shown to lead to significant improvement in the treatment of the conformational energies of both the peptide model compound, the alanine dipeptide, and of proteins in their crystal environment. The developed approach is suggested to lead to significant improvements in the accuracy of empirical force fields to treat peptides and proteins.
Second Temple Judaism, Jesus, and Women Yeast of Eden

Reconstructions of first-century Judaism frequently depict a systemic patriarchy that oppressed and repressed Jewish women; such studies also argue that Jesus' message liberated women from their hierarchical, misogynistic social context and located them within an egalitarian community. Addressing the various data on women in formative Judaism and exploring the sayings material of the Gospels that might reflect the Palestinian Jesus movement, this article suggests revisions of both models.
Development of the flowering shoot of zostera marina L. under controlled conditions in comparison to the development in two different natural habitats in the Netherlands

Abstract The development of flowering shoots was studied by daily observation of plants grown in aquaria under controlled conditions. Inflorescences (‘spathes’) of a rhipidium develop and flower one after another, thus elongating the fertile shoot. Rhipidia of the same fertile shoot flower more or less synchronously. The whole course of flowering of one generative shoot is given. There is no peak in flowering in the field, as a consequence of the long time-period over which a fertile shoot flowers. In the tidal zone near Bergen op Zoom (The Netherlands) the production of new shoots increases up until the end of August and then gradually declines. At the beginning of October, the development of new fertile shoots ceases, and at the end of this month nearly all plants have withered or are washed away. In the stagnant water of the Grevelingen (The Netherlands) the production of fertile shoots increases in July, is constant or slightly fluctuating in August and suddenly stops at the beginning of September. The flowering rate is somewhat higher in the Grevelingen than near Bergen op Zoom.
Dynamic trust establishment with privacy protection for Web services

The lack of effective trust establishment mechanisms for Web services impedes the deployment of trust models for online services. One important issue is the lack of privacy protection in trust establishment. Current Web service technology encourages a client to reveal all its attributes in a standard credential to the service provider for trust establishment. We propose a mechanism whereby the client formulates a single trust primitive by associating a subset of required attributes in a standard credential to negotiate a trust relationship. Client privacy is preserved because only those required attributes are revealed. After negotiation, a trust group element with dynamic validation is used to represent this trust relationship.
Cardiac arrhythmias following intracardiac surgery

Abstract 1. 1. Of 211 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, serious postoperative arrhythmias developed in thirty-nine (19 per cent). Atrial fibrillation developed in ten patients, atrial flutter in four and atrial tachycardia in two. Nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia with incomplete A-V dissociation was seen in nine, with reciprocal rhythm in two and with complete A-V dissociation in two. Ventricular bigeminy occurred in three patients with nodal rhythm, and a persistent ventricular bigeminy in six other patients. 2. 2. Invariably, rapid atrial mechanisms developed in the postoperative period in patients who demonstrated premature atrial systoles in the preoperative period. 3. 3. Electrocardiograms taken immediately prior to surgery frequently suggested important clues to the likelihood of serious postoperative arrhythmias. 4. 4. Open procedures carried out with the aid of hypothermia were more frequently associated with serious arrhythmias. 5. 5. All patients having rapid atrial mechanisms responded to redigitalization. However, if digitalis medication was withheld because of the appearance of nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia, rapid atrial mechanism frequently resulted. 6. 6. Invariably more serious manifestations of these problems developed in patients exhibiting evidence of digitalis excess or insufficient digitalis therapy. 7. 7. The development of nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia with incomplete or complete dissociation was usually transient and did not require therapy. Digitalis medication should not be withheld in the presence of this mechanism. 8. 8. The development of persistent ventricular ectopic beating or complete A-V heart block associated with nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia or ventricular tachycardia was a sinister sign; five patients died with these mechanisms. An internal pacemaker with an electrode directly inserted in the myocardium prior to closure of the chest is indicated in these cases. 9. 9. A fourth cause of nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia, namely, operative procedures performed close to the conduction system, is described.
Abstract ES08-3: MR imaging for predicting response to neoadjuvant treatment

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the breast is a sensitive and non-invasive method for assessing both tumor morphology and physiology. In comparison to mammography and ultrasound, MRI has particular advantages for demonstrating the anatomic extent of disease and it is effective for assessing the response of primary breast tumors to pre-operative (neoadjuvant) treatment. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) are two approaches that provide quantitative in vivo information about the state of disease and have been used to measure breast tumor changes associated with treatment. These techniques add functional information about breast cancer by sensitizing the MRI signal to tumor vascularity, known to be associated with tumor grade and aggressiveness, and water diffusion, a property affected by cell density that can reflect tumor growth as well as cell death from cytotoxic treatment, respectively. MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has also been applied in the breast to study tumor metabolism, although the low spatial resolution currently limits the utility of this technique. This talk will discuss the emerging applications of functional MRI techniques for assessing breast tumor response to treatment in the neoadjuvant setting. The various roles for use of quantitative imaging in assessing neoadjuvant treatment will be considered. Imaging criteria can be the basis for patient inclusion or continuation on therapy, and can also be used as a biomarker to quantify response. Depending on how well the efficacy of an imaging biomarker has been established, it can also serve as the endpoint for evaluating the benefit of treatment, or as a surrogate endpoint for other clinically meaningful outcomes. A promising but more speculative role for imaging biomarkers is for prediction of therapeutic response. Current findings will be presented from the I-SPY (ACRIN 6657/CALGB 150007) trial, a multi-center study integrating biomarkers and imaging to maximize effectiveness of neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally-advanced breast cancer. The experience implementing standardized MRI protocols in the multi-center setting will be discussed. This talk is intended for imaging scientists and clinical researchers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. It is expected that the audience will gain knowledge leading to the appropriate application of breast MRI techniques in the neoadjuvant treatment setting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES08-3.
Crossover from Positive to Negative Magnetoresistance in a Spinel

We present a new class of colossal magnetoresistance materials based on a series of frustrated spinels. The spin glass-like compound Zn0.95Cu0.05Cr2Se4, shows a field-induced transition to a ferromagnetic, which is associated with a highly unusual negative magnetoresistance effect (MR > 80%) in low magnetic field. At higher temperatures there is an unprecedented crossover to positive magnetoresistance (MR > 50%).
CONCEPTUALIZING THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR

Rapid technological change, global environmental concerns, and other dramatic ecological and societal changes are rendering previous conceptualizations of environments, and the relationships between environment and behavior, inadequate. Following a brief review of earlier conceptualizations of environments, distinctions between the terms context, environment, behavior setting and situation are drawn. A contextual model that focuses on the behaviors of individuals or groups in response to a prompt, and the personal, social or physical factors that might affect them, is developed. Two types of contextual change are explored: gradual, evolutionary contextualshifts, and sudden or dramatic contextualtransformations. Application of a more fully contextual approach to the field of creativity is considered, and an example of organizational creativity focusing on developing and implementing customer service recommendations is used to illustrate the model. A concluding section considers the research implications of a more fully contextual approach to conceptualizing environments.@ 1998 Academic Press
Performance of triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). I. Survival, growth, glycogen content, and sexual maturation in yearlings

Abstract Triploid Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) were produced by treating newly fertilized eggs with cytochalasin B. Triploid and diploid spat were planted in the field and, 1 yr later, sampled during the reproductive period. As measured by cross-sectional area, triploid males produced half as much and triploid females a quarter as much gonad as diploids. Reduced gonadogenesis affected growth and glycogen utilization. Triploids grew linearly through the period of reproduction, whereas diploids grew little until spawning when weight decreased by 64%; growth of diploids and triploids was parallel subsequently. Diploids showed a typical pattern of glycogen utilization, reaching a low of 4.8% glycogen as dry weight prior to spawning and increasing thereafter. Glycogen levels in triploids also declined, but at a slower rate; glycogen in triploids continued to decline for 2 months after the diploid nadir. Triploids had higher survival rates than diploids, but this is probably not a consequence of reduced sexual maturation. Partial reproductive sterility observed in triploid oysters greatly affects reproductive physiology. Triploidy may be a valuable tool in studies of physiological energetics to partition somatic and reproductive effort.
Significance of ice-induced storage to spring runoff: a case study of the Mackenzie River

For most ice-covered rivers at northern latitudes, the spring freshet is often the largest hydrologic event of the year. Based on a case study of the Mackenzie River, water released from hydraulic storage due to flow abstraction during the early winter is shown to be a major component of the flow volume that comprises the following spring freshet. The amount of water placed into hydraulic and ice-growth storage over a 60-day period was calculated to be equal to 27% of the flow that would normally have occurred during this period if an ice cover had not formed. The amount of water released from this ice-induced hydraulic storage at the time of break-up and the concomitant spring snowmelt peak accounted for 15 to 19% of the spring freshet volume, depending on the temporal definition of the ‘release’ period. The ice-related contribution increases to as much as 25% of freshet volume if the ice growth during the fall depression is also included. Importantly, even this percentage is considered an underestimate since it does not take into account the flow contribution from the melt of the complete winter ice cover. If the ice-induced storage volume is not accounted for in the spring hydrograph, then the volumes of water from spring snowmelt and/or rainfall would be significantly overestimated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of United States fertility clinic websites according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) guidelines.

Objective To evaluate SART-member fertility clinic websites for their compliance with the 2004 ASRM/SART guidelines for advertising (which is deemed mandatory for clinic membership), to survey the general characteristics of the websites, and to assess differences between academic and private clinic websites. Design Cross-sectional evaluation. Setting The Internet. Patients None. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Eleven objective criteria based on 2004 ASRM/SART guidelines for advertising and eight objective criteria for general characteristics of fertility clinic websites. Results All 384 SART-registered clinics were evaluated; 289 (75.3%) had functional websites (211 private, 78 academic). Success rates were published on 51% of websites (117 private, 31 academic), the majority of which were private clinics (p=.025). The percentage of fertility clinic websites adhering to ASRM/SART guidelines was low in all categories (ranging from 2.8%-54.5% in private centers and 1.3%–37.2% in academic centers). No statistically significant difference was found in the services offered at private versus academic clinics. Conclusion A significant proportion of SART-member fertility clinics, both private and academic, that have websites are not following the ASRM/SART guidelines for advertising. Increased dissemination and awareness of the guidelines is warranted.
Application of the generalized Galerkin method to the computation of fluid flows.

The purpose of this paper is to show that most existing methods for the calculation of fluid flows can be interpreted as special applications of a single mathematical formalism. This formalism, called the generalized Galerkin method, then provides a single conceptual framework for comparing various methods in terms of convergence and accuracy. The method is presented in sufficient mathematical detail to permit its interpretation as a projection in function space. In order to demonstrate the basic thesis, finite difference, finite element, strip integral, and classical integral methods of boundary layer theory are developed by application of the method.
Management of Proximal Humeral and First Rib Stress Fractures

Stress fractures in athletes classically are seen in the bones of the lower extremity, often in association with repetitive weight-bearing activities. Upper-extremity stress fractures are relatively uncommon and are mostly described in the literature as individual case reports or small series. It is important to consider the diagnosis of stress fracture in athletes with upper limb pain of bony origin associated with overuse. These injuries typically are the result of intense repetitive motions in the young athlete. Proximal humeral stress fractures most often are seen in athletes engaged in overhead activities, whereas both throwers and weightlifters are at risk of developing stress fractures of the first rib. The diagnosis can be made with the use of adequate history, physical examination, and plain radiographs. These fractures commonly heal with conservative management of analgesics and activity modification and very rarely need any type of surgical intervention.
The Therapeutic Effect of Bronchoalveolar Lavage with KL 4 -Surfactant in Animal Models of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome. † 1578

The Therapeutic Effect of Bronchoalveolar Lavage with KL 4 -Surfactant in Animal Models of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome. † 1578
Depth of tissue sampling in the optic nerve head using laser Doppler flowmetry

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was performed on a simulated blood vessel in a model eye through optic nerve tissue sections in order to ascertain the ability to detect flow through them. LDF was performed using either near-infra-red or green laser light. Tissue section thickness ranged from 50 μm to 1000 μm. As expected, we found that our ability to detect flow with LDF decreased as we increased the thickness of optic nerve sections interposed between the LDF apparatus and the simulated blood vessel. We also found that the sampled depth of LDF increased with increasing separation of the optical detection fibre from the centre of the illuminated tissue volume. With adequate separation, we were able to detect flow with LDF through tissue sections of 1000 μm thickness using either near-infra-red or green laser light.
Multicolor Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae on the Color-Magnitude Diagram: A Novel Step toward More Precise Distance and Extinction Estimates

We show empirically that fits to the color-magnitude relation of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) after optical maximum can provide accurate relative extragalactic distances. We report the discovery of an empirical color relation for SN Ia light curves: during much of the first month past maximum, the magnitudes of SNe Ia defined at a given value of color index have a very small magnitude dispersion; moreover, during this period the relation between B magnitude and B-V color (or B-R or B-I color) is strikingly linear, to the accuracy of existing well-measured data. These linear relations can provide robust distance estimates, in particular, by using the magnitudes when the SN reaches a given color. After correction for light-curve stretch factor or decline rate, the dispersion of the magnitudes taken at the intercept of the linear color-magnitude relation is found to be around 0.08 mag for the subsample of SNe with (Bmax-Vmax) ≤ 0.05 mag and around 0.11 mag for the subsample with (Bmax-Vmax) ≤ 0.2 mag. This small dispersion is consistent with being mostly due to observational errors. The method presented here and the conventional light-curve fitting methods can be combined to further improve statistical dispersions of distance estimates. It can be combined with the magnitude at maximum to deduce dust extinction. The slopes of the color-magnitude relation may also be used to identify intrinsically different SN Ia systems. The method provides a tool that is fundamental to using SNe Ia to estimate cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant and the mass and dark energy content of the universe.
Motivations of Patients with Diabetes to Participate in Research

Background: While research on the motivations of research participants has focused primarily on vulnerable populations at risk of exploitation, there is little research on the motivations and reasons of general medical patients participating in research. Given a significant increase in research studies recruiting participants with diabetes, we sought to understand better the motivations of patients with diabetes considering a general medical research protocol. Methods: The analyses presented here compare the reasoning and willingness to participate in a hypothetical research study of medically ill subjects (patients with diabetes, n = 51) with non-ill (n = 57) subjects. Responses on the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) were correlated with demographic variables and scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Results: Overall, 44% of the group with diabetes and 56% of the comparison group indicated a willingness to participate in the r...
Some Aspects of Gas Scintillation Counters

A brief study has been made of the dependency of pulse heights obtained from alpha particles in gas scintillation counters on the gas and wavelength shifter used. Constant and reproducible pulse heights were obtained either by chilling the scintillation cylinder to inhibit evolution of contaminants or by chemically removing them in a uranium furnace. Relative pulse heights have been obtained for various wavelength shifters, gases and gas mixtures, and reflectors. When the waveshifter was vacuum evaporated directly onto the tube face, the optimum thickness was found to be ~20 ?g/cm2, with tetraphenylbutadiene giving ~1/3 more light than quaterphenyl. Using a 2-inch long aluminum cylinder with the alpha particle source at one end and the phototube at the other, the pulse height was further increased by a factor of 5 by smoking the cylinder with MgO which was subsequently coated with waveshifter. The relative pulse heights for different gases in such a system were: Xe:Kr:A:Ne:He = 32:16:5:1:10. A NaI(Tl) crystal in similar reflector system gave a pulse height of 72. The rise time of the pulses in a xenon counter using an RCA-6342 tube coated with quaterphenyl was found to be on the order of 3.5 m? sec. In such a system the pulse height was found to be a linear function of energy for protons, deuterons, and helium ions and to be independent of the type of particle producing the scintillations.
First language attrition in foreign accent perception

This study investigates first language attrition in perception of a foreign accent in one’s native language. Although studies of first language attrition abound, there are very few studies on L1 attrition in perception of adults. Furthermore, there is apparently no research dealing with L1 attrition in foreign accent identification. The present study is perhaps the first to investigate this issue, which has implications for both L1 and L2 attrition in perception. The study compares accent ratings of four different groups rating native and nonnative Brazilian Portuguese. The four listener groups comprised (a) Brazilian Portuguese listeners in Brazil, (b) Brazilian Portuguese listeners in the USA, (c) American English listeners in Brazil with Portuguese experience, and (d) American English listeners in the USA with Portuguese experience. There was no apparent attrition in the ability to distinguish between native and nonnative speakers, and in fact all four groups could distinguish between native and nonnative speakers. However, other aspects suggest attrition because the ratings of the Brazilian listeners in the USA were different from the Brazilian listeners in Brazil. In addition, there were slight differences between the American listeners in the USA and those in Brazil.
Efficient synthesis of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides using a universal solid support

Abstract It is demonstrated that solid support containing a novel universal linker could be efficiently used to synthesize both phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides and second-generation 2′- O -methoxyethyloligoribonucleotides with high yield and quality as judged by ion-pair-liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectroscopy, 31 P NMR and reversed phase HPLC. Analysis of oligonucleotides shows quality being superior to that produced with standard succinyl-linker solid supports, without contamination of materials resulting from linker or support backbone decomposition.
Effects of the chemical reaction model on calculations of supersonic combustion flows

The numerical modelling of reacting supersonic flow in a generic configuration at low enthalpy revealed a strong effect of the selection of the reaction model on the solution. This effect was verified through calculation experiments with the use of the three-dimensional version of SPARK. Additionally, a mixing, non-reacting calculation was conducted to provide a comparison with the reacting case. 6 refs.
Perilymphatic fibrocytes in the vestibule of the inner ear

A description is given of the fine structure of perilymphatic fibrocytes and their associated fibers in the vestibule of the inner ear in rats. The identification of the extracellular fibers as keratin is discussed in relationship to their fine structure and to biochemical and biophysical data of other workers. The numerous junctional complexes between fibrocytes are described and it is shown that these do not form zonula occludens as has been reported by other workers.
Black English responses on selected language tests.

Abstract Standardized screening and assessment measures for language development do not take into account Black English responses. This study was designed to determine the extent to which normal and language impaired black preschool children respond in Black English and Standard English on selected screening instruments. Developmental differences in the usage of Standard English and Black English were also investigated. The results indicate that black normal and language impaired preschool children use both Standard English and Black English on screening tests. Developmental differences were noted. The results suggest that tests for language development need to be standardized on speakers of Black English and also should include Black English response alternatives.
Brief report: Nutrition and weight loss information in a popular diet book: Is it fact, fiction, or something in between?

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Diet books dominate the New York Times Advice Best Seller list and consumers cite such books as an important source of nutrition information. However, the scientific support for nutrition claims presented as fact (nutrition facts) in diet books is not known.
Spinal cord and peripheral nerve stimulation should be used earlier in the treatment algorithm for neuropathic pain.

ISSN 1758-1869 10.2217/PMT.10.13 © 2011 Future Medicine Ltd Pain Manage. (2011) 1(1), 7–10 The use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become an essential part of the treatment armamentarium for neuropathic and visceral pain syndromes. In many cases, based on antiquated thought and a lack of an understanding of the literature, SCS is relegated to a treatment of desperation. The spine is not the only neuronal target to consider. In some clinical settings, such as postherpetic neuralgia, ilioingiunal nerve entrapment, transformed occipital (C2)-induced migraine and nerve trauma of the extremities, the use of devices to treat the peri pheral nerve fibers can be essential for a good outcome. Both of these advanced therapies can be helpful in reducing pain, improving function and reducing healthcare expenditures. It is important to use these treatment options earlier in the decision-making algorithm to assure the best possible outcome [1–3].
Parenting Young Children With Challenging Behaviour

Previous research has established the link between harsh parenting and poor outcomes in children, although little attention has been paid to the concurrent protective factors which may exist. The relationship between parenting behaviours and childhood externalizing behaviours was investigated in a sample of 60 parents of young children (ages 2–5 years). Thirty families were selected for participation based on teacher-reported externalizing behaviour in their young child which exceeded normal limits and matched with a sample of 30 parents of children without externalizing behaviour problems. Results found that parents of young children with externalizing behaviours tended to use more frequent verbal and corporal punishment with their young children, and reported more behaviour problems with their young children when compared with a control group. However, no significant differences were found between groups with respect to positive, nurturing behaviours, or utilizing appropriate developmental expectations. Implications for prevention are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Impact of a Proposed Expert System Via Simulation.

A proposed expert system was simulated in order to evaluate its potential impact upon instruction. Undergraduate students (n = 100) enrolled in a course in deductive logic were assigned to one of t...
The preparation of leukocyte-poor red cells for transfusion by a simple cost-effective technique.

A modification of the microaggregate filtration technique for the production of leukocyte-poor red cell concentrate is described. The modified technique, termed ‘spin, cool, and filter’, removed leukocytes more efficiently from relatively fresh blood than the original microaggregate filtration procedure. The residual leukocyte content of 4- to 9-day-old units processed by the modified procedure averaged less than 0.4 × 10(9) white cells per unit. The microaggregate filtration technique, supplemented by buffy-coat exclusion, removed more than 93 percent of the units' white cells. These red cell products were prepared easily and did not elicit febrile reactions in highly susceptible patients.
Tracing Clastic Delivery To the Permian Delaware Basin, U.S.A.: Implications For Paleogeography and Circulation In Westernmost Equatorial Pangea

Abstract The Guadalupe Mountains of the southwestern U.S. (New Mexico–West Texas) expose the shelf edge of the Permian Delaware Basin, which formed near the western edge of the Central Pangean suture in equatorial Pangea. Voluminous siliciclastic strata filled this basin in mid-Permian time, and compose the Delaware Mountain Group (Brushy Canyon, Cherry Canyon, and Bell Canyon formations). These units have long been recognized to record ultimate deepwater deposition of siliciclastic sediments that were pre-sorted via eolian transport as they progressed toward the shelf edge of the Delaware Basin in Permian time. The generally arkosic mineralogy led most previous researchers to identify crystalline basement uplifts of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains (ARM) of the western U.S. as the primary source for the large volumes of Permian siliciclastic material that fill this basin. New provenance data combining modal mineralogy with detrital-zircon geochronology, however, refute this interpretation. Rather than an ARM basement source, indicated by Paleoproterozoic ages, the predominant age populations, comprising 70–80% of the grains, reflect contributions from Paleozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Mesoproterozoic (Grenvillian) age basement. The combined (arkosic–subarkosic) mineralogy and provenance spectra of the siliciclastic strata from the Delaware Mountain Group, together with comparisons with coeval strata and available paleocurrent data indicate sources in the Ouachita system, including recycled Appalachian detritus, and terranes accreted and uplifted south of the Ouachita suture, now in Mexico and Central America. Dispersal pathways likely involved a component of fluvial transport draining the piedmont region of the Ouachita orogenic belt, and ultimate eolian deflation of these fluvial systems within an easterly to southeasterly and seasonal westerly to northwesterly atmospheric circulation. Monsoonal transport, especially northern excursions of the ITCZ during northern hemisphere summers, would have facilitated transport from terranes south of the Ouachita–Marathon suture in present-day Mexico and Central America. Source locations predominantly south-southeast of the study region potentially obviate the need to call upon transcontinental fluvial transport directly from the Appalachian orogen to the southwestern edge of Pangea, at least for this time period. Furthermore, these results place new constrains on the final docking, major uplift, and consequent erosion of the Yucatan–Maya terrane south of the Ouachita orogenic belt, which provided significant siliciclastic detritus to depocenters in the western U.S. during middle Permian time. In contrast, the uplifts of the ARM were either covered, or greatly diminished as sources by this time.
Decision-enabled dynamic process management for networked enterprises

Enterprises in today’s networked economy face numerous information management challenges, both from a process management perspective as well as a decision support perspective. While there have been significant relevant advances in the areas of business process management as well as decision sciences, several open research issues exist. In this paper, we highlight the following key challenges. First, current process modeling and management techniques lack in providing a seamless integration of decision models and tools in existing business processes, which is critical to achieve organizational objectives. Second, given the dynamic nature of business processes in networked enterprises, process management approaches that enable organizations to react to business process changes in an agile manner are required. Third, current state-of-the-art decision model management techniques are not particularly amenable to distributed settings in networked enterprises, which limits the sharing and reuse of models in different contexts, including their utility within managing business processes. In this paper, we present a framework for decision-enabled dynamic process management that addresses these challenges. The framework builds on computational formalisms, including the structured modeling paradigm for representing decision models, and hierarchical task networks from the artificial intelligence (AI) planning area for process modeling. Within the framework, interleaved process planning (modeling), execution and monitoring for dynamic process management throughout the process lifecycle is proposed. A service-oriented architecture combined with advances from the semantic Web field for model management support within business processes is proposed.
Reducing methyl bromide emission with a high barrier plastic film and reduced dosage

A field experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of a high-barrier plastic film (Hytibar) and reduced methyl bromide (MeBr) application dosages in decreasing MeBr emission from soil fumi...
In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman

In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman. Anya Bernstein, director; 2006. 75 mins., color, in Russian and Buryat with English subtitles. Distributor: DER, 101 Morse St., Watertown, MA 02472.
Recent advances in P450 research

P450 enzymes comprise a superfamily of heme-containing proteins that catalyze oxidative metabolism of structurally diverse chemicals. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in P450 research on many fronts and the information gained is currently being applied to both drug development and clinical practice. Recently, a major accomplishment occurred when the structure of a mammalian P450 was determined by crystallography. Results from these studies will have a major impact on understanding structure-activity relationships of P450 enzymes and promote prediction of drug interactions. In addition, new technologies have facilitated the identification of several new P450 alleles. This information will profoundly affect our understanding of the causes attributed to interindividual variations in drug responses and link these differences to efficacy or toxicity of many therapeutic agents. Finally, the recent accomplishments towards constructing P450 null animals have afforded determination of the role of these enzymes in toxicity. Moreover, advances have been made towards the construction of humanized transgenic animals and plants. Overall, the outcome of recent developments in the P450 arena will be safer and more efficient drug therapies.
Sections of the Taylor expansions of Lindelo¨f functions

On obtient une information precise concernant la distribution des zeros des sommes partielles des developpements de Taylor des fonctions de Lindelof
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1) is induced by genistein through the expression of p53 in colorectal cancer cells.

Genistein is an isoflavenoid found in soy that has anti-tumorigenic activities. Treatment of colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells with 50 μM genistein results in a 50% reduction in cell proliferation and a 6-fold increase in apoptosis. Genistein induces nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene 1 (NAG-1), a protein with antitumorigenic activities, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in HCT-116 cells. In addition, p53 and p21 are induced in HCT-116 cells. The induction of p53 (3 hr) precedes the induction of NAG-1 (12 hr), suggesting that genistein-induced NAG-1 expression is mediated by p53. In contrast, NAG-1 is not induced by genistein in the p53-negative colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT-15. Luciferase reporter constructs of the NAG-1 promoter containing 2 p53 sites showed that the p53 sites within the NAG-1 promoter are critical to genistein-induced NAG-1 expression in p53-positive U2OS cells. The expression of p53 was critical for NAG-1 promoter activity since no promoter activity was observed with genistein treatment in HCT-15 cells. However, genistein-induced promoter activity was restored in HCT-15 cells by transfection with wild-type p53. Together our data suggest a relationship between genistein, p53 and NAG-1 forming a novel pathway responsible for the antitumorigenic activity of genistein. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Human health issues on synthetic turf in the USA

As the popularity of infilled synthetic turf continues to increase, concerns over potentially negative impacts on the health of field users have arisen. One of the main health issues on synthetic turf fields is high surface temperature, which can contribute to physiological stress of athletes and can cause serious heat-related illnesses. At The Pennsylvania State University, various methods to reduce surface temperatures have been evaluated including irrigation, covering the surface with a tarpaulin, and amending infill with calcined clay. Many of the regimes tested were initially successful in lowering the surface temperature to that of natural turf grass; however, these low temperatures could not be maintained for periods of time equal to the length of standard sporting events. Another issue that has received attention is the possibility of athletes contracting bacterial skin infections, specifically those caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Infilled synthetic turf has been targeted as a potential...
Engineering self-efficacy of women engineering students at urban vs. Rural universities

For more than two decades researchers have addressed gender issues in engineering. Efforts such as Engineer Girl (www.engineergirl.org), a website dedicated to increasing young girls' interest in pursuing an engineering degree, address the engineering "diversity gap". Potential improvements exist for increasing the number of women pursuing engineering careers, such as increasing their engineering self-efficacy. Engineering self-efficacy refers to a person's belief that he or she can successfully navigate the engineering curriculum and eventually become a practicing engineer. It encompasses self-efficacy, feeling of inclusion, and outcome expectations. A longitudinal multi-institutional study conducted by Marra and Bogue indicated statistically significant differences for female engineering students with respect to the coping, mathematics, and self-efficacy subscales. The authors wish to explore whether institutional setting (urban vs. rural) accounts for differences in female students' engineering self-efficacy.
Overwhelming Parasitemia with Plasmodium falciparum Infection in a Patient Receiving Infliximab Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

We describe a 45-year-old woman receiving infliximab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis who developed an overwhelming Plasmodium falciparum infection with cerebral malaria. Physicians should be aware that patients receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, such as infliximab, may be at increased risk of life-threatening malarial infections.