cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase transcription elongation is inhibited by site-specific, stereospecific benzo[c]phenanthrene diol epoxide DNA lesions.

Benzo[c]phenanthrene diol epoxide (B[c]PhDE), the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of the environmental pollutant benzo[c]phenanthrene, reacts with DNA primarily at the exocyclic amino groups of purines, forming B[c]PhDE−DNA adducts that differ in their stereochemical configurations and their effect on biological processes such as transcription. To determine the effect of these stereoisomers on RNA synthesis, in vitro T7 RNA polymerase transcription assays were performed using DNA templates modified on the transcribed strand by either a site-specific (+)-trans- or (−)-trans-anti-B[c]PhDE−N6-dA lesion located within the sequence 5‘-CTCTCACTTCC-3‘. The results show that both (−)-trans-anti-B[c]PhDE−N6-dA and (+)-trans-anti-B[c]PhDE−N6-dA block RNA synthesis. Furthermore, both B[c]PhDE−dA stereoisomeric adducts lead to lower levels of initiation of transcription relative to that observed using an unmodified DNA template. In contrast to these results, placement of the adduct on the nontranscribed strand withi...
On the nomenclature for V-region serological markers.

A recent article in Immunology Today raised significant questions concerning the appropriate use of the terms ‘idiotype’ and ‘V-region isotype’. An alternative approach to the usage of these terms, which emphasizes their functional aspects, is presented here by Alfred Nisonoff.
A numerical model for transient-hysteretic flow and solute transport in unsaturated porous media

Abstract A two-dimensional flow and transport model was developed for simulating transient water flow and nonreactive solute transport in heterogeneous, unsaturated porous media containing air and water. The model is composed of a unique combination of robust and accurate numerical algorithms for solving the Richards', Darcy flux, and advection–dispersion equations. The mixed form of Richards' equation is solved using a finite-element formulation and a modified Picard iteration scheme. Mass lumping is employed to improve solution convergence and stability behavior. The flow algorithm accounts for hysteresis in the pressure head–water content relationship. Darcy fluxes are approximated with a Galerkin and Petrov–Galerkin finite-element method developed for random heterogeneous porous media. The transport equation is solved using an Eulerian–Lagrangian method. A multi-step, fourth-order Runge–Kutta, reverse particle tracking technique and a quadratic–linear interpolation scheme are shown to be superior for determining the advective concentration. A Galerkin finite-element method is used for approximating the dispersive flux. The unsaturated flow and transport model was applied to a variety of rigorous problems and was found to produce accurate, mass-conserving solutions when compared to analytical solutions and published numerical results.
Evaluation of complex conjugate artifact removal methods used in spectrometer-based Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography systems: a comparative study

We evaluated several, previously published, complex conjugate artifact removal methods and algorithms that have been proposed for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (Fd-OCT). To ensure comparable conditions, only one OCT system was used, but with modified data acquisition schemes, depending on the requirements of each method/algorithm. This limited our evaluation to single spectrometer based Fd-OCT approaches. The suppression ratio of complex conjugate artifact images using a paperboard is assessed for all tested methods. Several other metrics are also used for comparison, including a list of additional hardware requirements (beyond standard Fd-OCT components) and data acquisition schemes. Finally, in vivo human finger pad and nail images are presented for comparison to the standard Fd- OCT images and full-range images.
Clathrin Coats— Threads Laid Bare

The crystal structure of clathrin has been a long-standing goal in the field. Efforts to crystallize the full-length molecule have not been fruitful. Nevertheless, with success in determining the crystal structure of recombinant terminal domain and linker, and production of recombinant hubs, a divide-and-conquer crystallization strategy may ultimately yield a complete view of the clathrin molecule at atomic resolution. Together, a map of triskelion packing in the clathrin cage, and a description of the folding pattern of HC and LC subunits in the triskelion, will provide a structural framework for understanding clathrin assembly properties and regulation by LC and APs. Onto this framework it will be necessary to incorporate the activities of the increasing array of accessory factors that participate in coat assembly, cargo selection, membrane vesiculation, and uncoating. How do each of these proteins associate with nascent coats? At what stage of vesiculation are individual factors recruited and how do they affect coat dynamics? What are the regulatory influences of phosphoinosotides and protein phosphorylation? What other regulatory factors harness the self-assembly properties of clathrin so that coat formation occurs at appropriate membrane sites? What triggers uncoating and how is coat disassembly restricted until vesiculation is complete? Answers to such questions will allow integration of complementary functional and structural data into a better understanding of clathrin-mediated protein transport.
Chemical signal amplification in two-dimensional paper networks.

Two-dimensional paper networks (2DPNs) hold great potential for extending the utility of paper-based chemical and biochemical diagnostics at a cost and ease-of-use that are comparable to conventional lateral flow strips. 2DPNs enable the automated sequential delivery of multiple reagents to a detection region with a single user activation step, and therefore have the potential to extend the processing capabilities of inexpensive paper-based assays with comparable ease of use to conventional lateral flow tests. In this communication, we used a simple 3 inlet 2DPN to perform signal amplification of a colloidal gold label using a gold enhancement solution, thus demonstrating the capability of 2DPNs to perform processes that can improve limits of detection.
A new treatment of the growing wave problem in surface optics

Abstract We introduce a new method for determining the fields generated by the excitation of resonances in surface optics. Our approach, which we call the “pole cancellation” method, describes the growing waves generated in a much simple way than earlier treatments, and explicitly identifies the physically relevant quantities.
Informed priority control for humanoids

We describe and demonstrate informed priority control, a control architecture for humanoid robots based on the coordination of multiple sub-policies. While many humanoid robot controllers are designed to maintain orthogonality between sub-policies, informed priority control facilitates directional dependencies between sub-policies. This facilitation is achieved by using a cascade control architecture augmented with models of each partial cascade. We describe the method we use to automatically generate these models in response to changes in sub-policy configuration. Additionally, we demonstrate an implementation of the informed priority framework that can robustly balance a simulated humanoid robot on a bongo-board.
Characterization of Multipotential Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Trabecular Bone

The in vitro culture of human trabecular bone-derived cells has served as a useful system for the investigation of the biology of osteoblasts. The recent discovery in our laboratory of the multilineage mesenchymal differentiation potential of cells derived from collagenase-treated human trabecular bone fragments has prompted further interest in view of the potential application of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in the repair and regeneration of tissue damaged by disease or trauma. Similar to human MPCs derived from bone marrow, a clearer understanding of the variability associated with obtaining these bone-derived cells is required in order to optimize the design and execution of applicable studies. In this study, we have identified the presence of a CD73(+), STRO-1(+), CD105(+), CD34(-), CD45(-), CD144(-) cell population resident within collagenase-treated, culture-processed bone fragments, which upon migration established a homogeneous population of MPCs. Additionally, we have introduced a system of culturing these MPCs that best supports and maintains their optimal differentiation potential during long-term culture expansion. When cultured as described, the trabecular bone-derived cells display stem cell-like capabilities, characterized by a stable undifferentiated phenotype as well as the ability to proliferate extensively while retaining the potential to differentiate along the osteoblastic, adipocytic, and chondrocytic lineages, even when maintained in long-term in vitro culture.
Has massification of higher education led to more equity? Clues to a reflection on Portuguese education arena

Massification is an undeniable phenomenon in the higher education arena. However, there have been questions raised regarding the extent to which a mass system really corresponds to an effective democratisation not only of access, but also of success. With regards to access, this article intends, through a brief analysis of the expansion of higher education in Portugal (contextualised in the European context), to focus on how the political system and higher education institutions (HEIs) have answered the social need for a highly skilled workforce and an increased demand for tertiary education. If access democratisation can be questioned, then it stands to reason that more doubts may arise regarding the democratisation of academic outcomes.The methodology underlying this study involved the collection and analysis of relevant data from official international and national sources. This allowed for a comparison of the diverse realities and building the national panorama in terms of democratisation not only of ...
Speech disfluency in centenarians.

Abstract Other than a single case presentation of a 105-year-old female, no other studies have addressed the speech fluency characteristics of centenarians. The purpose of this study was to provide descriptive information on the fluency characteristics of speakers between the ages of 100–103 years. Conversational speech samples from seven speakers were evaluated for the frequency and types of disfluencies and speech rate. The centenarian speakers had a disfluency rate similar to that reported for 70-, 80-, and early 90-year-olds. The types of disfluencies observed also were similar to those reported for younger elderly speakers (primarily whole word/phrase, or formulative fluency breaks). Finally, the speech rate data for the current group of speakers supports prior literature reports of a slower rate with advancing age, but extends the finding to centenarians. Learning outcomes As a result of this activity, participants will be able to: (1) describe the frequency of disfluency breaks and the types of disfluencies exhibited by centenarian speakers, (2) describe the mean and range of speaking rates in centenarians, and (3) compare the present findings for centenarians to the fluency and speaking rate characteristics reported in the literature.
Low-Frequency Variations of Surface Temperature in Observations and Simulations

Abstract This paper documents the low-frequency (i.e., decadal) variations of surface temperature for the period 1899–1998 in observations, and in simulations conducted as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The space–time structure of low-frequency variations is extracted using optimal persistence analysis, which is a technique that linearly decomposes a vector time series into a set of uncorrelated components, ordered such that the first component maximizes the decorrelation time, the second maximizes the decorrelation time subject to being uncorrelated with the first, and so on. The results suggests that only the first two optimal persistence patterns (OPPs) in the observation-based record are statistically distinguishable from white noise. These two components can reproduce the spatial structure of local linear trends over various multidecadal periods, indicating that they give an efficient representation of the observed change in surface temper...
Position and amplitude of proximity effect peaks in the magnetization curves of NbTi/Cu and NbTi/CuMn multifilamentary strands

The magnitude and position of proximity-effect-related magnetization peaks in the M-H loops of multifilamentary NbTi superconductive composites have been studied. M-H loops were taken at T=4.2 K as a function of field-sweep amplitude, H/sub M/, for several specimens. Three regimes emerge: (i) low field, where proximity effects are mainly shielding in nature; (ii) high field, where there are anomalous trapping effects: and (iii) an intermediate-field region, corresponding to a crossover between these two regimes. Correlations are made between these regimes and the specimen parameters H/sub C1,NbTi/ and H/sub p,NbTi/. A relationship is found between the magnitude of the maximum of the high-field magnetization and the breakdown field of the copper.
Antibiotic-coated Intramedullary Rod

Surgical reconstruction for limb salvage is an acceptable and often preferred treatment for patients who are facing potential amputation. Because of the invasive nature of these surgeries, complications such as infection are not uncommon. Osseous infection at the site of implantable hardware may result in a tremendous consequence to the patient. In an attempt to minimize infection with implantable hardware, a local delivery system involving the use of antimicrobial coating on medical devices has been developed. This system optimizes local administration of antibiotics to the sources of infection enabling continuation of limb salvage versus amputation. The authors describe the fabrication of an antibiotic impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intramedullary rod that is used to replace an infected intramedullary nail of the tibia after reconstruction surgery. The benefits of the rod include increased surface area for local delivery of antibiotics, concurrent stabilization of the surgical site, occupancy of the dead space, and ease of removal after eradication of infection.
Galactonic Acid in Galactosemia: Identification in the Urine

Galactose is converted to galactonic acid in vivo in man. Galactonate was isolated from the urine of galactosemia patients who had been given galactose orally. The identity of the galactonate was established by gas-liquid chromatography and by the preparation of derivatives.
Acute epiglottitis in a gravid 19-year-old.

We report a case of adult onset epiglottitis needing emergent tracheal intubation in a parturient at 11 weeks gestational age.
Mobile and Wireless Communication: Space Weather Threats, Forecasts, and Risk Management

Adverse space weather can pose high risks to mobile and wireless communications. Space weather forecasts can help manage the risks. This article presents three space weather forecast models that satisfy different user needs and operational constraints.
Bosonization of the 2-D Ising model and correlation functions

The critical two dimensional Ising model is studied by using the properties derived from Conformal Invariance. Self-duality is reflected as a double-generacy of the ground state in the periodic (Ramond) sector. The Ising model is doubled obtaining an Ashkin-Teller model at the decoupling point. Using bosonization this model is mapped onto the Gaussian model at a particular value of the temperature. The product of order (or disorder) operators of the two Ising models as well as the spinor and energy operators of each Ising model are expressed as combinations of spin-wave and vortex operators of the Gaussian model. We compute several correlation functions of order, disorder, spinor, and energy operators and show that the operator product expansions predicted by Conformal Invariance are satisfied. We give a simple prescription to compute any N-point (mixed) correlation function at criticality. A bosonized form of the continuum limit of the transfer matrix for the critical Ising model is given. A proof is provided for the identifications and conjectures of Kadanoff and Brown.
Some design features of a CO2 air conditioner

Abstract A cycle analysis of a CO2 air conditioner is presented in this study. It is shown that the effect of internal superheating on the system coefficient of performance (COP) is very small for a system using a semi-hermetic compressor. However, the compressor efficiency has a significant effect on the system COP. The design of the recuperative heat exchanger in a system is crucial, since the system COP may decrease when the size of the recuperator is larger than a certain size.
Human Hepatocytes Express the Gene for Type 1 Plasminogen Activator-Inhibitor (PAI-1) in vivo

Summary Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is a major physiologic regulator of plasminogen activation and plays an important role in determining fibrinolytic activity in vivo. Plasma PAI-1 levels are increased in thrombo-embolism, sepsis, and during the acute phase response; however, the source of plasma PAI-1 is unknown and a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to determine whether the PAI-1 gene is expressed in human liver in vivo and to define the hepatic cell type(s) involved. In situ hybridization analyses were performed on histologic sections of human liver samples using 35 S-labelled riboprobes specific for PAI-1 and, as a positive control, for β-fibrinogen, an acute phase reactant synthesized in hepatocytes. PAI-1 specific transcripts were present in hepatocytes throughout the hepatic plate, in both histologically-normal transplant donor liver and in liver specimens obtained at autopsy from patients dying of sepsis. β-fibrinogen transcripts were present in hepatocytes throughout the hepatic plate except in the immediate periportal area. These data are the first direct demonstration that human hepatocytes express the PAI-1 gene in vivo, and establish that hepatocytes may be an important source of plasma PAI-1.
Prospects for utility and production in an economy with finite resources

Abstract The authors analyse per capita utility in a growing economy which has two exhaustible natural resorces. Per capita industrial output ( X ) and the remaining environmental resource ( R ). X is a Cobb—Douglas function of a growing labour force, capital, and the natural resources. The model predicts depletion of R when the elasticity of substitution ( σ ) is greater than unity. When σ is less than unity, per capita X continous to rise, but the rate of increase in utility becomes quite small. Only when σ is unity, do both per capita X and utility increase markedly through time.
The Helen of Geometry

The cycloid has been called the Helen of Geometry, not only because of its beautiful properties but also because of the quarrels it provoked between famous mathematicians of the 17th century. This ...
Online kernel selection for Bayesian reinforcement learning

Kernel-based Bayesian methods for Reinforcement Learning (RL) such as Gaussian Process Temporal Difference (GPTD) are particularly promising because they rigorously treat uncertainty in the value function and make it easy to specify prior knowledge. However, the choice of prior distribution significantly affects the empirical performance of the learning agent, and little work has been done extending existing methods for prior model selection to the online setting. This paper develops Replacing-Kernel RL, an online model selection method for GPTD using sequential Monte-Carlo methods. Replacing-Kernel RL is compared to standard GPTD and tile-coding on several RL domains, and is shown to yield significantly better asymptotic performance for many different kernel families. Furthermore, the resulting kernels capture an intuitively useful notion of prior state covariance that may nevertheless be difficult to capture manually.
Molecular tagging velocimetry characterization of rapid KDP crystal growth

Measurements of the tangential and axial velocities near the prism faces of a rotating mock crystal mounted on a rotating platform are presented. These measurements were made using molecular tagging velocimetry and are significant to the rapid growth of KDP crystals because they provide a description of the flow field and the evolution of the relative tangential and axial velocities near the prism faces and in the bulk flow region. These data represent the first measurements of fluid velocities around rotating crystal geometries, and thus provide a benchmark for future computer simulations of the crystal growth process at higher Re than previously obtainable. The measurements provide a temporal and spatial description of the evolving velocity field in the vicinity of a rotating crystal. Rotational conditions and locations on the prism faces where low shear rates are likely to occur, based on the measurements presented, are discussed qualitatively.
Integrated optical NOR gate

A two-input optical NOR gate structure is proposed and demonstrated. The NOR gate is fabricated from a vertically integrated heterojunction phototransistor and light emitting diode InGaAs-InP structure grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Operation up to 500 kHz is demonstrated for devices fabricated with 250- mu m*250- mu m mesas. Analysis indicates that operation at frequencies up to 50-100 MHz is possible for smaller mesa areas. ON/OFF optical contrast ratios as high as 30 were measured. >
The development of an online computer numerical control tool

In this article, we describe the step-by-step development of an online tool for computer numerical control machining practices training, its current implementation (lecture, lab, discussion, and examination) in a Manufacturing and Industrial Technology course, and a learner assessment of its value.
Morphological and Histochemical Observations on Renal Microbodies in Cats

The diaminobenzidine method for catalase showed two distinct morphological populations of renal microbodies in healthy mature cats of both sexes. Microbodies in the proximal convoluted tubules, which in this species also contain abdundant neutral lipids, were polyhedral and had distinct marginal plates. Those in the remaining renal tubules, which are lipid-free, were rounder and less uniform in size. Both forms of microbodies had homogenous granular matrices without nuceloides. The morphological variations of the microbodies may depend on their association with renal lipids. The cat may serve as a model to explore functional or pathological relationships between microbodies and fat metabolism.
Is It Me or My Brain? Depression and Neuroscientific Facts

This article considers the roles played by brain images (e.g., from PET scans) in mass media as experienced by people suffering from mental illness, and as used by scientists and activist groups in demonstrating a biological basis for mental illness. Examining the rhetorical presentation of images in magazines and books, the article describes the persuasive power that brain images have in altering the understanding people have of their own body—their “objective self.” Analyzing first-person accounts of encounters with brain images, it argues that people come to understand themselves as having neurotransmitter imbalances that are the cause of their illnesses via received facts and images of the brain, but that this understanding is incomplete and in tension with the sense that they are their brain. The article concludes by querying the emergence of a “pharmaceutical self,” in which one experiences one's brain as if on drugs, as a new form of objective self-fashioning.
Caring for nonhuman primates in biomedical research facilities: scientific, moral and emotional considerations

Animal care for nonhuman primates (NHPs) in biomedical facilities has undergone major changes in the past few decades. Today, most primate facilities have dedicated and highly trained animal care technicians who go to great efforts to ensure the physiological and psychological well being of the primates in their charge. These caretakers work closely with the animals and, as a result, often develop strong relationships with them. Once discouraged and considered a potential threat to scientific objectivity, such positive relationships are now seen as important components to animal care. Positive interactions between caretakers and primates can benefit the primates by reducing their stress and improving their overall well being which can, in turn, help the scientific endeavor. Further, providing the best possible care is our moral responsibility. However, there can also be emotional costs associated with caring for NHPs in research facilities, particularly when animals become ill or have to be euthanized. Facilities can do much to help ease this conflict. High-quality and conscientious animal care is good for the animals, science, and public perception of research facilities.
Evaluating a modeling curriculum by using heuristics for productive disciplinary engagement.

The BIO2010 report provided a compelling argument for the need to create learning experiences for undergraduate biology students that are more authentic to modern science. The report acknowledged the need for research that could help practitioners successfully create and reform biology curricula with this goal in mind. Our objective in this article was to explore how a set of six design heuristics could be used to evaluate the potential of curricula to support productive learning experiences for science students. We drew on data collected during a long-term study of an undergraduate traineeship that introduced students to mathematical modeling in the context of modern biological problems. We present illustrative examples from this curriculum that highlight the ways in which three heuristics—instructor role-modeling, holding students to scientific norms, and providing students with opportunities to practice these norms—consistently supported learning across the curriculum. We present a more detailed comparison of two different curricular modules and explain how differences in student authority, problem structure, and access to resources contributed to differences in productive engagement by students in these modules. We hope that our analysis will help practitioners think in more concrete terms about how to achieve the goals set forth by BIO2010.
Network reliability with arc failures and repairs

Arc repair probabilities are incorporated into network calculations for directed networks with independent arc failures. A discrete-time Markov chain with one absorbing state is constructed for the problem. The transition probability matrix is used to determine the probability of source-to-sink conductivity in a given time interval, the mean time to source-to-sink connectivity, the fraction of time a node is blocked, and the fraction of time the network is blocked (disconnected). Blockage probabilities aid in repair-crew allocation to the nodes of the network. >
Abnormal regulatory interactions of I148T-CFTR and the epithelial Na+ channel in Xenopus oocytes

The mechanisms underlying regulatory interactions of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in Xenopus oocytes are controversial. CFTR'...
mRNA Decay and Processing

Since there have been several extensive reviews of mRNA decay within the last several years, this chapter focuses on issues that have not been completely resolved. These include the importance of RNA structural elements in mRNA decay, the existence and function of multiprotein mRNA decay complexes, the role of polyadenylation in mRNA decay, the regulation of mRNA decay, the location of mRNA decay within the cell, whether Escherichia coli is a suitable paradigm for mRNA processing and decay, the interrelationship between mRNA processing and decay, and whether all the proteins involved in mRNA decay and processing have been identified. Within these multiprotein complexes are a variety of 3' -> 5' exonucleases that are homologous to E. coli RNase PH, RNase R, and RNase D. While these enzymes in E. coli seem to be exclusively involved in the processing of tRNAs, it would not be unreasonable to think that some type of bacterial exosome might exist to promote 5′ → 3′ mRNA decay. Oligoribonuclease is responsible for degrading the very short oligoribonucleotides that are no longer substrates for PNPase, RNase II, or RNase R. With the exception of RNase E, RNase G, RNase III, and possibly yet to be identified endonucleases, all the other RNases in E. coli initiate degradation of mRNAs at the 3' terminus. mRNA decay and processing play integral roles in the regulation of bacterial gene expression.
Conceiving sex: Fomenting a feminist bioarchaeology

There has always been sex in bioarchaeology. Researchers believe that biological sex, as a fundamental category of skeletal analysis, is dualistic, innate, and unchanging. To highlight the shortcom...
Classification and Evaluation of Examples for Teaching Probability to Electrical Engineering Students

Although teachers and authors of textbooks make extensive use of examples, little has been published on assessing and classifying pedagogic examples in engineering and science. This study reviews various characteristics of examples intended for a course on probability for electrical engineers. Twelve examples are constructed to illustrate some characteristics of the correlation coefficient. A survey incorporating these examples was administered to professors and students at Rensselaer who have taught or taken a course in probability. Statistical tests are applied to determine which examples professors and students prefer and to what extent they agree in their preferences. New bipolar criteria are proposed to classify objectively a broader set of examples that appear in textbooks. Even though preferences depend on educational background and maturity, textbooks on probability are sharply differentiated by the proposed classification criteria.
SPrCY: comparison of structural predictions in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome

Summary: SPrCY is a web-accessible database which provides comparison of structure prediction results for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. This web service offers the ability to search, analyze and compare the yeast structural predictions from sequence-only (Superfamily, PDBAA BLAST and Pfam) and sequence-structure-based (SAM-T02, 3D-PSSM, mGenTHREADER) methods. Availability: The service is freely available via web at http://agave.wustl.edu/yeast/
Human Striatal Responses to Monetary Reward Depend On Saliency

While the striatum has been implicated in reward processing, an alternative view contends that the striatum processes salient events in general. Using fMRI, we investigated human striatal responses to monetary reward while modulating the saliency surrounding its receipt. Money was maximally salient when its receipt depended on a correct response (active) and minimally salient when its receipt was completely independent of the task (passive). The saliency manipulation was confirmed by skin conductance responses and subjective ratings of the stimuli. Significant caudate and nucleus accumbens activations occurred following the active compared to passive money. Such activations were attributed to saliency rather than the motor requirement associated with the active money because striatal activations were not observed when the money was replaced by inconsequential, nonrewarding stimuli. The present study provides evidence that the striatum's role in reward processing is dependent on the saliency associated with reward, rather than value or hedonic feelings.
Fully Two-Dimensional Verification Problem for Coupled Heat Conduction and Enclosure Radiation

Verification of tightly coupled multiphysics computational codes is generally significantly more difficult than verification of single-physics codes. The case of coupled heat conduction and thermal radiation in an enclosure is considered, and it is extended to a manufactured solution verification test for enclosure radiation to a fully two-dimensional coupled problem with conduction and thermal radiation. Convergence results are shown using a production thermal analysis code. Convergence rates are optimal with a pairwise view-factor calculation algorithm.
A Reduced-Order Model for Evaluating the Dynamic Response of Multilayer Plates to Impulsive Loads

Abstract : Outline: Motivation, Technical Approach, Reduced Order Model (ROM), Validation by Spectrum Finite Element Analysis (SFEA), by Numerical Analysis in Nastran, Dynamic Response Index (DRI) and the Screening Metric, and Design Optimization.
Toward a Methodology for the Design of Warnings

The systems nature of the warning design problem is explored in an attempt to uncover the complexities of this design effort that are often inadequately considered. Documentation of a complete design effort will be a necessary defense in litigation claiming “failure to warn”, particularly when the decision is to have no warning.
Numerical Computation of Wall Pressure Fluctuations Due to a Turbulent Boundary Layer

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
Some Theoretical Approaches to the Sociology of Aging

This paper has considered the impact of bureaucratization on the resocialization programs of the rehabilitation institution. This trend has given additional importance to the conscious utilization of informal groups by the top administrator. The possible use of informal relationships in the rehabilitation institution long has been recognized.'4 However, as Cressey already has noted, their utilization in group therapy tends to be based more on individualistic theory than on a thoroughgoing attempt to modify group relations.15 This has been explained, in part, by the ambiguous definition of function, lack of treatment rationale, and incomplete acceptance given the professional staff members responsible for rehabilitation programs.'6 The lack of properly trained staff personnel also has been cited.'7 Obvious solutions are to recruit new staff people trained and motivated to emphasize rehabilitation objectives over pure cutody, to restrict the size of inmate populations in order to minimize conditions conducive to formalistic impersonality, and to design physical facilities affording a social environment favorable to rehabilitation. However, this paper addresses itself to the top administrator unable to adopt these solutions. It is suggested that a conscious attempt to utilize informal groups be integrated with a restructuring of formal relationships and a program for remotivating the lower level staff. The "humane enthusiast" role describes the end result of such efforts. 14 Lloyd W. McCorkle and Richard Korn, "Resocializing Within Walls," Annals of theAmericanAcademy of Political and Social Science, 239 (May 1954), pp. 88-98. 15 Donald R. Cressey, "Contradictory Theories in Correctional Group Therapy Programs," Federal Probation, 18 (June 1954), pp. 20-26. is Ohlin, op. cit. 17Marshall B. Clinard, Sociology of Deviant Behavior (New York: Rinehart, 1957), p. 548.
L’assistance sociale : une proposition

Il existe un programme qui permettrait a une grande partie de la jeune generation de chomeurs chroniques d’occuper des emplois stables a des salaires decents. Ce programme provoquerait une chute spectaculaire du nombre de jeunes meres celibataires, renverserait la tendance actuelle a l’augmentation des divorces des menages pauvres et ameliorerait de facon significative les chances de mobilite sociale ascendante de ces familles. Des millions de personnes en tireraient profit. Ce programme comporte une seule mesure : l’abolition pure et simple de l’assistance sociale et du soutien du revenu pour les personnes en âge de travailler. Celles-ci n’auraient alors d’autre recours que le marche du travail, le soutien de leur famille ou les services publics ou prives a l’echelle locale.
Percutaneous Closure of Patent Duct Arteriosus Using Mushroom-Shaped Duct Occluder in Infants and Children

Objective:To assess the value of percutaneous closure of patent duct arteriosus(PDA) using mushroom-shaped duct occluder in infants and children,in particular size of the duct occluder.Methods:From October 2002 to November 2007,ninety-six cases underwent percutaneous closure.The median age was 22 months(range 4 months to 12 years).The median weight was 11 kg(range 5.5 kg to 37.5 kg).Fifty-eight cases had heart failure or pneumonia,27 cases had growth delay or repeated respiratory infection,and 11 cases were admitted only for murmur.The diameter of PDA was(3.4±1.9)mm,Qp/Qs was 2.5±1.1,Rp/Rs was 0.21±0.12.Seventy-seven cases were followed-up for one month to 42 months.Results:Successful closure rate was 94.8%,complete closure rate were 64.8%(immediate),85.4%(2 days),97.8%(1 month) and 100%(3 month).After operating,slight descending aorta stenosis took place in one case,which is still under observation.Temporary Ⅰdegree or mobitz A-V block occurred in 5 cases and temporary Q-T prolongation was found in 2 cases.One case had 50 mL blood transfusing after the operation.No device embolism,dislocation,haemolysis,infection,vascular rupture and thrombosis were found.Heart failure and pneumonia disappeared in a few days in successful closure cases.Conclusion:Percutaneous closure of PDA using mushroom-shaped occluder was safe and effective in majority of infants and children.The first choice of occluder was the minimum size,when diameter of occluder/diameter of PDA was more than 1.50.If the diameter of aortic isthmus is less than 6 mm-7 mm or it is close to the diameter of PDA,the operation should be taken carefully.
Correlation of Granular Properties and Thermal Properties in Mille Starch

Starches from 21 China millet cultivars are separated and evaluated for morphological,and thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) reveals the most millet starch granules are small and round,and average particle diameter of the twenty-one starches varied is 5.03~11.64 μm;X-ray diffraction(X-RD) exhibits that the sample is A type and the crystallinity of different millet starches ranges from 28.2% to 39.7%;Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) shows that T 0(Start temperature) is 58.59~71.49 ℃,TP(Peak temperature) is 69.50~78.43 ℃,TC(End temperature) is 79.69~87.34 ℃, and ΔH(Enthalpy of gelationization) is 6.97~26.93 J/g.
Native American football coaches’ experience of a motivational climate collaboration with sport psychology researchers

This study explored the effects of a motivational climate collaboration based on Achievement Goal Perspective Theory and a caring framework between a Native American collegiate football coaching st...
Ordering and dimensional crossovers in metallic glasses and liquids

The atomic-level structures of liquids and glasses are amorphous, lacking long-range order. We characterize the atomic structures by integrating radial distribution functions (RDF) from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for several metallic liquids and glasses: Cu_(46)Zr_(54), Ni_(80)Al_(20), Ni_(33.3)Zr_(66.7), and Pd_(82)Si_(18). Resulting cumulative coordination numbers (CN) show that metallic liquids have a dimension of d=2.55±0.06 from the center atom to the first coordination shell and metallic glasses have d=2.71±0.04, both less than 3. Between the first and second coordination shells, both phases crossover to a dimension of d=3, as for a crystal. Observations from discrete atom center-of-mass position counting are corroborated by continuously counting Cu glass- and liquid-phase atoms on an artificial grid, which accounts for the occupied atomic volume. Results from Cu grid analysis show short-range d=2.65 for Cu liquid and d=2.76 for Cu glass. Cu grid structures crossover to d=3 at ξ ∼ 8A (∼3 atomic diameters). We study the evolution of local structural dimensions during quenching and discuss its correlation with the glass transition phenomenon.
Ecological effects of antibiotics on natural ecosystems: A review

Abstract Among the different pharmaceuticals present in soil and water ecosystems as micro-contaminants, considerable attention has been paid to antibiotics, since their increasing use and the consequent development of multi-resistant bacteria pose serious risks to human and veterinary health. Moreover, once they have entered the environment, antibiotics can affect natural microbial communities. The latter play a key role in fundamental ecological processes, most importantly the maintenance of soil and water quality. In fact, they are involved in biogeochemical cycling and organic contaminant degradation thanks to their large reservoir of genetic diversity and metabolic capability. When antibiotics occur in the environment, they can hamper microbial community structure and functioning in different ways and have both direct (short-term) and indirect (long-term) effects on microbial communities. The short-term ones are bactericide and bacteriostatic actions with a consequent disappearance of some microbial populations and their ecological functioning. The indirect impact includes the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria and in some cases bacterial strains able to degrade them by metabolic or co-metabolic processes. Biodegradation makes it possible to completely remove a toxic compound from the environment if it is mineralized. Several factors can influence the significance of such direct and indirect effects, including the antibiotic's concentration, the exposure time, the receiving ecosystem (e.g. soil or water) and the co-occurrence of other antibiotics and/or other contaminants. This review describes the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of antibiotics on natural microbial communities in soil and water ecosystems.
Prognostic significance of obesity in high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary

e16528 Background: Obesity is an epidemic public health problem in the United States. In gynecologic oncology, obesity is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. However, its role in the pathogenesis and survival in ovarian cancer is debated. Recent studies have attempted to elucidate a possible relationship, but variations in design and heterogeneity in patient characteristics make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. The purpose of our study was to determine if body mass index at the time of treatment initiation for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma has an effect on patient outcome. Methods: Nine-hundred four patients treated for ovarian cancer at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center were identified between 2002 and 2007. Patients were excluded for low grade or non-serous histology, neoadjuvant treatment, or if presenting with recurrent disease. Clinicopathologic data were extracted by retrospective chart review. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) as normal (BMI<25), overweigh...
Severe Aortic Stenosis: It Used to Be Simple.

Voltage-gated channels maintain cellular resting potentials and generate neuronal action potentials by regulating ion flux. Here, we show that Ether-a-go-go (EAG) K+ channels also regulate intracellular signaling pathways by a mechanism that is independent of ion flux and depends on the position of the voltage sensor. Regulation of intracellular signaling was initially inferred from changes in proliferation. Specifically, transfection of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts or C2C12 myoblasts with either wild-type or nonconducting (F456A) eag resulted in dramatic increases in cell density and BrdUrd incorporation over vector- and Shaker-transfected controls. The effect of EAG was independent of serum and unaffected by changes in extracellular calcium. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, but not p44/42 MAP kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), blocked the proliferation induced by nonconducting EAG in serum-free media, and EAG increased p38 MAP kinase activity. Importantly, mutations that increased the proportion of channels in the open state inhibited EAG-induced proliferation, and this effect could not be explained by changes in the surface expression of EAG. These results indicate that channel conformation is a switch for the signaling activity of EAG and suggest an alternative mechanism for linking channel activity to the activity of intracellular messengers, a role that previously has been ascribed only to channels that regulate calcium influx.
Nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related transcription factor-1 (Nrf1) is regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase

The Nrf1 (Nuclear factor E2-related factor 1) transcription factor performs a critical role in regulating cellular homeostasis. Using a proteomic approach, we identified Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF1), a co-regulator of transcription, and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that mediates protein O-GlcNAcylation, as cellular partners of Nrf1a, an isoform of Nrf1. Nrf1a directly interacts with HCF1 through the HCF1 binding motif (HBM), while interaction with OGT is mediated through HCF1. Overexpression of HCF1 and OGT leads to increased Nrf1a protein stability. Addition of O-GlcNAc decreases ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf1a. Transcriptional activation by Nrf1a is increased by OGT overexpression and treatment with PUGNAc. Together, these data suggest that OGT can act as a regulator of Nrf1a.