cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An array-based compressed sensing receiver architecture

This paper describes an Array-based Compressed sensing Receiver Architecutre (ACRA) which allows a digital receiver array to drastically increase its instantaneous bandwidth to detect, estimate, and determine angle of arrival of signals which are sparse in frequency or angle-frequency space. ACRA intentionally aliases the wideband signal at each element of the array, but uses different sampling rates at different antennas. The unique aliasing patterns produced at each channel can be used to determine the true frequencies of received signals using the sparse fast Fourier transform or similar algorithms. The concept is demonstrated using an 8-channel testbed targeting the 18–50 GHz band. The analog to digital converters in the testbed have a maximum sampling rate of 2 GSPS; thus the testbed demonstrates the potential for a sixteen fold increase in bandwidth when in-phase and quadrature sampling is used.
Avian Evolution During the Pleistocene in North America

Late Pleistocene glacial cycles (Wisconsinian, Illinoian) in North America are thought to have caused speciation in many songbirds. If true, such species pairs should have diverged little in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence owing to the short time span involved. We compared mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene for 21 such pairs. Gamma-corrected Kimura two-parameter distances averaged 7.1%, which, across a range of potential calibrations, is much larger than expected on average for speciation events that occurred within the last 250,000 years. Hence, most species presumed by previous authors to be of very recent origins are in fact much older. To discover effects of Late Pleistocene glaciations, we examined the genetic architectures of present day species. Predictions from coalescence theory were examined in light of our expectation that most bird populations have undergone recent population expansions. We examined the few available continent-wide phylogeographic surveys, finding unstructured haplotype trees, geographic patterns of nucleotide diversity, mismatch distributions and plots of the number of lineages vs time, all consistent with recent population expansions as species recolonized deglaciated areas.
Alternate spacer devices in the treatment of asthma in children : review article

Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children in low and middle income countries (LMICs) including Africa, with prevalence rates that are similar or higher than those in high income countries. In these areas, the prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing and is associated with more severe disease than in high income countries. Therefore availability of effective, affordable therapy for asthma is essential to ensure adequate control of disease and treatment of exacerbations.
Fast Spectral Methods for Temporally-Distributed Fractional PDEs

Temporally-distributed fractional partial differential equations appear as rigorous mathematical models that solve the probability density function of non-Markovian processes coding multi-physics diffusion-to-wave and multi-rate ultra slow-to-super diffusion dynamics (Chechkin et al, Phys Rev E 66(4):046129, 2002). We develop a Petrov-Galerkin spectral method for high dimensional temporally-distributed fractional partial differential equations with two-sided derivatives in a space-time hypercube. We employ Jacobi poly-fractonomials given in (Zayernouri and Karniadakis, J Comput Phys 252:495–517, 2013) and Legendre polynomials as the temporal and spatial basis/test functions, respectively. Moreover, we formulate a fast linear solver for the corresponding Lyapunov system. Furthermore, we perform the corresponding discrete stability and error analysis of the numerical scheme. Finally, we carry out several numerical test cases to examine the efficiency and accuracy of the method.
Block Copolymers Morphological and Physical Properties

It is generally recognized that two dissimilar polymers will be thermodynamically incompatible with one another providing that specific interactions between them do not lead to a negative heat of mixing. This follows from the negligible entropy of mixing of high molecular weight species coupled with a typical positive heat of mixing. It is then not surprising that when such incompatible polymers are joined together to form a block copolymer that this incompatibility should still be manifested — as it is. However, the union of incompatible species in a block copolymer has profound effects on the phase behaviour and morphology of the resulting phase-separated system. There are fundamental differences between a system consisting of a simple mixture of two polymeric species and a system consisting of the same species joined together to form a block copolymer. Whereas the thermodynamically stable state of a simple mixture is the gross separation of the two species to a completely segregated state — with a minimum of interfacial contact between the two separated phases, such gross phase separation cannot occur with block copolymers since the incompatible species are joined together. This factor leads to phase separation that is, restricted to molecular dimensions – “microphase separation” — with the microphases existing in a domain morphology. Such systems are unique in that the dispersed domain structures are thermodynamically stable in the dispersed state.
A transgenic pig model expressing differential levels of ZsGreen1 reporter across an extensive array of tissues

Background: The advent of genetically engineered pig production has revealed a wide array of opportunities to enhance both biomedical and agricultural industries. One powerful method to develop these models is transgenesis; however, selection of a suitable promoter to drive transgene expression is critical. The cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter is the most commonly used viral promoter as it robustly drives transgene expression in a ubiquitous nature. However, recent reports suggest that the level of CMV promoter activity is tissue-dependent in the pig. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the activity of the CMV promoter in a wide range of porcine tissues. Swine harboring a CMV-ZsGreen1 transgene with a single integration site were utilized for this study. Thirty five tissue samples were collected from neonatal hemizygous (n = 3) and homozygous (n = 3) transgenic piglets and analyzed for ZsGreen1 abundance via immunoblot. Results: ZsGreen1 was detected in all tissues examined; however, quantification revealed that ZsGreen1 protein levels were tissue-specific. Within organs of the digestive system, for example, ZsGreen1 was most abundant in the salivary gland, moderately produced in the esophagus and levels were lowest in the stomach. Interestingly, abundance of ZsGreen1 also differed within organ. For instance, levels were highest in the right ventricle compared with other chambers of the heart. There was no effect of transgene dose as ZsGreen1 expression patterns were similar between homozygous and hemizygous piglets. Conclusions: Ultimately, these results elucidate the tissue-specific activity of the CMV promoter in the neonatal pig. Moreover, this model can serve as a useful tool for research applications requiring reporter gene activity in mammalian organs.
Vertical Pathway Inhibition Overcomes Adaptive Feedback Resistance to KRASG12C Inhibition.

Purpose: Although KRASrepresents the most commonly mutated oncogene, it has long been considered an "undruggable" target. Novel covalent inhibitors selective for the KRASG12Cmutation offer the unprecedented opportunity to target KRAS directly. However, prior efforts to target the RAS-MAPK pathway have been hampered by adaptive feedback, which drives pathway reactivation and resistance. Experimental Design: A panel of KRASG12Ccell lines were treated with the KRASG12Cinhibitors ARS-1620 and AMG 510 to assess effects on signaling and viability. Isoform-specific pulldown of activated GTP-bound RAS was performed to evaluate effects on the activity of specific RAS isoforms over time following treatment. RTK inhibitors, SHP2 inhibitors, and MEK/ERK inhibitors were assessed in combination with KRASG12Cinhibitors in vitro and in vivo as potential strategies to overcome resistance and enhance efficacy. Results: We observed rapid adaptive RAS pathway feedback reactivation following KRASG12Cinhibition in the majority of KRASG12Cmodels, driven by RTK-mediated activation of wild type RAS, which cannot be inhibited by G12C-specific inhibitors. Importantly, multiple RTKs can mediate feedback, with no single RTK appearing critical across all KRASG12Cmodels. However, co-inhibition of SHP2, which mediates signaling from multiple RTKs to RAS, abrogated feedback reactivation more universally, and combined KRASG12C/SHP2 inhibition drove sustained RAS pathway suppression and improved efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: These data identify feedback reactivation of wild type RAS as a key mechanism of adaptive resistance to KRASG12Cinhibitors and highlight the potential importance of vertical inhibition strategies to enhance the clinical efficacy of KRASG12Cinhibitors.
Blood Conservation Strategy at Time of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement Improves Survival

Purpose Bleeding is the most common complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. However, excessive transfusion has been linked to heart failure, stroke, and alloimmunization. We compared 90-day outcomes in patients receiving a blood conservation (BCS) versus liberal transfusion strategy during surgery and the subsequent 24 hours. Methods 173 LVAD implants at a single center between June 2011 and September 2018 were reviewed. Due to incomplete data, 3 patients were excluded. Results The BCS (≤1 packed red blood cell (pRBC)) was employed in 56/170 patients. In the liberal group, 41 received 2-5 units, 24 received 6-10 units, 24 received 11-15 units, and 25 received ≥15 units of PRBC. Anti-platelet use was equal across groups whereas anticoagulants were more readily used in the conservative group (55 vs 38%, p=0.04) at implantation. The liberal group had greater use of circulatory support devices (47 vs 29%, p=0.02) whereas the BCS group had larger ventricular size. Pre-operative laboratory values were similar among groups except for hemoglobin g/dL (12.6 conservative vs 11.6 liberal, p=0.02). Both the length of hospital and ICU stay were lower in the BCS group (17 vs 24 days, p 90-day mortality was significantly higher in the liberal group (p=0.03). However, multivariate analysis did not show a significant benefit of the BCS despite trend towards survival with a crude HR 2.23 (0.86-5.82, p=0.10) and adjusted HR 2.21 (0.82-5.75, p=0.10). Conclusion BCS at time of LVAD implant is associated with improved early survival. Identified transfusion triggers and standardized transfusion protocols for LVAD patients have the potential to reduce blood product utlization.
Checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of JC virus-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a frequently fatal brain infection caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCV). PML occurs in people with impaired cellular immunity, and the only effective treatment is restoration of immune function. Infection in immunocompromised hosts is often associated with immune exhaustion, which is mediated by inhibitory cell surface receptors known as immune checkpoints, leading to loss of T cell effector function. Blockade of immune checkpoints can reinvigorate host responses to fight infection. Recently, there have been several reports of checkpoint blockade to treat PML in patients in whom immune reconstitution is otherwise not possible, with some evidence for positive response. Larger studies are needed to better understand efficacy of checkpoint blockade in PML and factors that determine response.
Investigating Workplace Bullying

This chapter argues that research can never be a rationalized and objective investigation; on the contrary, it is a highly political process. Management now emerges as a contested activity which is influenced by the historical and structural frameworks of the society, with workplace bullying being conceptualized as an outcome of the capitalist values and preferences. This appropriates the choice of the methodological design of dialectical phenomenology, a combination of critical theory and phenomenology, which enables subjecting the bullying experiences of the victims to critical evaluation.
Coronoid Impingement Causing Early Failure of Total Elbow Arthroplasty

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is a well-established treatment for end-stage rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow. With improved surgical techniques and implant designs, TEA is also effective in treating elbow osteoarthritis, posttraumatic arthritis, distal humerus nonunion, and comminuted distal humerus fractures in the elderly population. There have been multiple reports of greater than 90% survival rate, free of reoperation at 10 years. We present a case of early failure of TEA caused by coronoid impingement, to provide a surgical pearl for others to avoid this complication.
Quantum chemical benchmark databases of gold-standard dimer interaction energies

Advances in computational chemistry create an ongoing need for larger and higher-quality datasets that characterize noncovalent molecular interactions. We present three benchmark collections of quantum mechanical data, covering approximately 3,700 distinct types of interacting molecule pairs. The first collection, which we refer to as DES370K, contains interaction energies for more than 370,000 dimer geometries. These were computed using the coupled-cluster method with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], which is widely regarded as the gold-standard method in electronic structure theory. Our second benchmark collection, a core representative subset of DES370K called DES15K, is intended for more computationally demanding applications of the data. Finally, DES5M, our third collection, comprises interaction energies for nearly 5,000,000 dimer geometries; these were calculated using SNS-MP2, a machine learning approach that provides results with accuracy comparable to that of our coupled-cluster training data. These datasets may prove useful in the development of density functionals, empirically corrected wavefunction-based approaches, semi-empirical methods, force fields, and models trained using machine learning methods. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13521638
The Impact of Early Interpersonal Experience on Adult Romantic Relationship Functioning

Adopting an organizational view on social development, we have investigated how interpersonal experiences early in life predict how well individuals will resolve relationship conflicts, recover from conflicts, and have stable, satisfying relationships with their romantic partners in early adulthood. We have also identified specific interpersonal experiences during middle childhood and adolescence that mediate the connection between how individuals regulated their emotions with their parents very early in life and how they do so as young adults in their romantic relationships. We discuss the many advantages of adopting an organizational view on social development.
Inelastic Scattering and the Compound Nucleus

My subjects today are somewhat old-fashioned: inelastic scattering of light ions, isobaric analog states, the Hauser-Feshbach theory, Ericson fluctuations, even perhaps intermediate structure. In a sense this is true of most polarization measurements. By the time it is possible to redo the old experiment with a polarized beam the fashion in cross section measurements has changed to a new area where polarized beams cannot yet be used. This tends to make our interests seem somewhat parochial, and it becomes incumbent upon us to draw important new physics from our measurements, physics which is relevant to the rest of the physics community. I think we have at least partially succeeded in this endeavour and I will tell you about these successes. But I will point out also the problems.
The Erythrocyte Anion-Exchange Protein

A full-length cDNA encoding the mouse erythrocyte anion-exchange protein band 3 has been isolated and sequenced. Homology between the amino acid sequence deduced from this cDNA and that of published fragments of human band 3 confirms its identity. A model of the topology of band 3 within the plasma membrane is proposed that is based on published biochemical data and the deduced amino acid sequence. Twelve hydrophobic and amphipathic regions in the anion-exchange domain are proposed to span the membrane as α-helices, resulting in both C and N termini in the interior of the cell. The possibility is considered that these transmembrane helices are organized to form two hydrophilic channels per band 3 monomer, which undergo conformational changes during the anion-exchange cycle.
Predicting quaking aspen stand dynamics in Minnesota

This paper presents equations for predicting future basal area, number of trees, and total cubic- foot volume of aspen stands in Minnesota. The modeling methodology uses a fully-stocked yieM table for quaking aspen as a density standard. A relative density change equation based on observed growth from permanent plots provides the basis for predicting the future relative density and therefore the future basal area, number of trees, and volume. The equations are easy to apply and require only site index, age, and beginning basal area, number of trees, and volume. North. J. Appl. For. 10(1):20-27. Quaking aspen is the most abundant commercial tree species in Minnesota (Jakes 1980). The aspen forest type covers ap- proximately 34% of the commercial forestland in the state. This research focuses on predicting changes in volume, basal area, and number of trees of stands currently having a plurality of aspen. In this paper we describe the density standard models, the aspen permanent sample plot data available to us, and the relative density change models. We then test the different models, show how to use the models, and 61ose with a discussion of the limitations of the aspen models developed.
Predisposition of citrus foliage to infection with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.

Citrus canker;caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc);is a serious disease of susceptible citrus in Florida and other citrus-growing areas of the world. The effect of leaf preconditioning as a route for entry of the bacteria is poorly characterized. A series of experiments were designed to investigate the effects of wind and rain (to simulate a storm);high humidity (>90%) and mild abrasion with sand (to simulate wind-blown sand and debris) in predisposing citrus foliage to infection with Xcc. Exposure of leaves of Swingle citrumelo seedlings to wind and rain [16 m sec-1 (58 km hr-1;36 mph) and 235 mm h-1 (9.25 ins h-1);respectively] for 15 or 30 min caused significant injury and disease incidence was twice as high and severity was ten times greater than on leaves on seedlings of unexposed control plants. The points of attachment of the lamina to the petioles were particularly susceptible to wind-induced injury with up to 25% showing symptoms compared to 0% for the unexposed control. Over 80% of injured leaves had lesions associated with the site of injury. There was little or no effect of humidity >90% for 1.5 or 2.5 h on disease incidence or severity compared to the unexposed control. Mild leaf abrasion of grapefruit seedlings with sand increased incidence and severity of disease two-fold. Ways to reduce leaf injury by minimizing wind speed in orchards may contribute to reducing canker incidence and severity.
Minitel Terminal as a Twitter Client

This demonstration displays an early French Minitel terminal adapted for use as a Twitter client. The client will be set to scroll all tweets that include the TPRC hashtag and TPRC-related keywords for the duration of the conference. This demonstration is designed to provoke conversation about the role of openness in fostering digital innovation, and coincides with the death of the Minitel network, set to be shut down by France Telecom on June 30, 2012.
The number of lymph nodes in colon cancer specimens: what do the numbers really mean?

Aim Stage-specific survival for colon cancer is improved when more lymph nodes are identified in the surgical specimen. This association is typically attributed to staging effect, but may instead be a surrogate for tumour biology. Method We retrospectively studied a cohort of 48 consecutively treated patients with Stage II colon cancer who underwent complete resection between January 2000 and December 2002. Archived H&E slides were reviewed for lymphocytic infiltration at the leading edge, presence and degree of sinus histiocytosis in the largest node and the presence of lymph node hyperplasia. Results The mean number of lymph nodes identified was 14.1 ± 9.4. T stage was strongly associated with the number of nodes identified (P = 0.01) and the presence of a significant degree of sinus histiocytosis approached statistical significance (P = 0.077). No statistically significant relationship existed between number of lymph nodes in a specimen and tumour location (P = 0.44), grade (P = 0.56) or lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.64). Conclusions T stage is highly associated with the number of nodes found in a colon cancer specimen; a significant degree of sinus histiocytosis may also be predictive. Finding more nodes may be a surrogate for tumour or host-related factors that impact prognosis.
STORS: Secure token reward system for vehicular clouds

In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), selfish nodes (vehicles) who do not contribute to the networks are considered as a threat, so vehicles are forced to participate into the network by sharing the information they collect on the road, whereas participation is optional for nodes in vehicular cloud and they are encouraged to participate with incentives as the network utilizes vehicles' underutilized resources to provide services. Hence, it is necessary to have an integrated incentive system for vehicular cloud, which combined VANET and cloud. The incentive system should be able to cover the entire vehicular cloud, including vehicles in the VANET and service providers in the cloud. In addition, the system must be robust against attacks. In this paper, we present an efficient scheme, Secure Token Reward System in Vehicular Clouds (STORS). It ensures the scalability of the incentive system and provides mechanism for securing incentive-related messages. Also, issued tokens can be used by vehicles to get services from the cloud.
Making Stakeholder Theory Whole

The article focuses on questions concerning stakeholder theory and methods of unifying the theory. It states that two methodological versions of stakeholder theory, instrumental and normative, converge, with instrumental versions relying on hypothetical claims on the best route to achieve goals, while normative versions rely more on ethical claims. It mentions that connective logic linking the two needs to be rigorous as the two methodologies are divergent in nature. The article suggests there is logic that can link normative and empirical beliefs together. It states that the means of holding together normative and instrumental segments of stakeholder theory lies inside the minds of corporate executives.
Polarizable protein packing.

To incorporate protein polarization effects within a protein combinatorial optimization framework, we decompose the polarizable force field AMOEBA into low order terms. Including terms up to the third-order provides a fair approximation to the full energy while maintaining tractability. We represent the polarizable packing problem for protein G as a hypergraph and solve for optimal rotamers with the FASTER combinatorial optimization algorithm. These approximate energy models can be improved to high accuracy [root mean square deviation (rmsd) < 1 kJ mol^(−1)] via ridge regression. The resulting trained approximations are used to efficiently identify new, low-energy solutions. The approach is general and should allow combinatorial optimization of other many-body problems.
Polarographic Reduction Of Triphenyltin Fluoride

Abstract Polarographic reduction of triphenyltin fluoride in aqueous ethanol yields a one electron, irreversible wave. The product is hexaphenylditin. Formation of hexaphenylditin on the electrode surface causes non-linearity of the id versus concentration curve at high concentrations.
Methyl Farnesoate: Crustacean Juvenile Hormone in Search of Functions

Abstract The sesquiterpenoid methyl farnesoate (MF) is synthesized by crustacean mandibular organs and is present in the hemolymph. The chemical structure of MF is nearly identical to that of insect juvenile hormone III, differing only by the absence of an epoxide group. The functions of MF in crustaceans have been elusive, in part because the mandibular organs of most species are difficult to ablate. However, three roles of MF have emerged from a growing body of literature. They are (a) stimulation of general protein synthesis; (b) promotion of the molt cycle; and (c) reproduction in both males and females. These functions are not universal; rather, they reflect the diversity of the crustaceans that have been studied to date. This review will synthesize aspects of what is known about MF in crustaceans and outline some current avenues of research.
Chondroitinase ABC reduces time to muscle reinnervation and improves functional recovery after sciatic nerve transection in rats.

Application of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to injured peripheral nerves improves axon regeneration, but it is not known whether functional recovery is also improved. Recordings of EMG activity [sole...
Reversible α-helix formation controlled by a hydrogen bond surrogate

Strategically placed covalent linkages have been shown to stabilize helical conformations in short peptide sequences. Here we report the synthesis of a stabilized α-helix that utilizes an internal disulfide linkage. Structural analysis indicates that the dynamic nature of the disulfide bridge allows for the reversible formation of an α-helix through oxidation and reduction reactions.
Catecholamines decrease nitric oxide production by cytokine-stimulated hepatocytes

Abstract Background. Catecholamines are significantly elevated in inflammatory responses and play a regulatory role in sepsis. Nitric oxide (NO), also a key inflammatory mediator in sepsis, is produced in large amounts by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the liver. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that catecholamines play a role in the regulation of NO production by hepatocytes. Methods. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats and either cultured with normal medium or stimulated with cytomix (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the presence or absence of epinephrine or norepinephrine at varying concentrations. Total RNA was isolated 6 hours after treatment and analyzed by Northern blotting for iNOS mRNA. Protein extracts were obtained at 12 hours and were analyzed by Western immunoblotting for iNOS. Cell culture supernatants were analyzed for NO, determined as the stable end-product NO 2 − , at 24 hours. Results. Epinephrine and norepinephrine significantly decreased NO 2 − levels in stimulated hepatocytes but had no effect on iNOS mRNA or protein levels. The decrease in NO 2 − was reproduced by the adenylate cyclase stimulator, forskolin. The catecholamine-induced decrease in NO 2 − was completely reversed by the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Conclusions. Catecholamines decrease hepatocyte production of NO in response to cytokine stimulation. This effect seems to be due to post-translational events and appears to be mediated in part by cyclic adenosine monophosphate.(Surgery 2001;130:256-64.)
Reverse transcriptase, the end of the chromosome, and the end of life

Article synthese sur une nouvelle enzyme la telomerase; indication concernant son mecanisme d'action chez Tetrahymena notamment. Implication de cette enzyme dans la replication du telomere
Boron polylactide nanoparticles exhibiting fluorescence and phosphorescence in aqueous medium.

Difluoroboron dibenzoylmethane-polylactide, BF2dbmPLA, a biocompatible polymer−luminophore conjugate was fabricated as nanoparticles. Spherical particles <100 nm in size were generated via nanoprecipitation. Intense blue fluorescence, two-photon absorption, and long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are retained in aqueous suspension. The nanoparticles were internalized by cells and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Luminescent boron biomaterials show potential for imaging and sensing.
Conformational effects on the enantioselective recognition of 4-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene derivatives by a Naproxen-derived chiral stationary phase

Abstract 4-(3,5-Dinitrobenzamido)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene and derivatives having methyl groups in various positions on the tetrahydro ring were synthesized and resolved on an (S)-Naproxen-derived chiral stationary phase. The difference in the Gibbs free energy, ΔΔG, of the transient diastereomeric adsorbates was determined from the chromatographic data. The highest enantioselectivity was observed for cis-4-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene. Introducing methyl groups into other positions of the tetrahydrophenanthrene ring proved to be detrimental to enantioselectivity. Prior studies indicate that, in the 4-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene used in the Whelk-O chiral HPLC columns, the 3,5-dinitrobenzamide group occupies a pseudoaxial position, thus forming one wall of a binding cleft owing to its spatial relationship with the naphthyl portion of the selector. The effect of the methyl substituents on enantioselectivity is attributed to their ability to both influence the ‘psuedoaxiality’ of the dinitrobenzamido group and to their ability to sterically hinder the presentation of the ‘back face’ of this group to the Naproxen-derived selector.
Energy-efficient resource allocation for cognitive radio networks

In this paper, we investigate resource allocation for underlay cognitive radio (CR) networks, where the CR users coexist but do not cause unacceptable interference with licensed users. We focus on the energy efficiency (EE) performance of the system, where both throughput and energy consumption will be considered. We first formulate a sum-EE maximization problem and solve it by the Hungarian algorithm, called sum- EE-based scheme. Then, we take into account the preferences of CR users and licensed users and motivate a resource allocation scheme based on stable matching, called preference-based scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the preference-based scheme has up to 50% performance gain on interference over the sum-EE-based scheme, while the former scheme has around 5% performance loss on EE performance compared to the latter one.
Noise characterization of femtosecond fiber Raman soliton lasers

The broadband amplitude noise and phase noise (timing jitter) measured in femtosecond fiber Raman soliton lasers is discussed. For a single-pass compressor using 300 m of either standard single-mode fiber or polarization preserving fiber, white amplitude noise >or=50 dB above shot noise at 2 mA photocurrent was measured, for frequencies higher than approximately 100 kHz. This is approximately=30 dB larger than the amplitude noise observed from fiber grating pulse compressors. The timing jitter increases with pump power, and at 1.6 W pump power, 5.2 ps r.m.s. timing jitter was measured, given approximately=2 ps jitter from the Nd:YAG pump. Longer fibers in the single-pass compressor do not affect the amplitude noise, but increase the timing jitter even further. A synchronously pumped ring cavity reduced the timing jitter substantially, but did not significantly improve the amplitude noise. >
Scarce Physicians Encounter Scarce Foundations: A Call For Action

The United States is in the early phases of a deepening shortage of physicians, a situation last experienced fifty years ago. As then, energy and creativity will be needed to meet the nation’s needs, and U.S. philanthropic foundations will again be called upon to play leadership roles. The issues are broad—extending from medical education to regulation and from building new schools to recruiting more international medical graduates. Throughout these issues, foundations are uniquely positioned to convene stakeholders, fund analyses, foster new medical education paradigms, and support the growth of its infrastructure. Foundations will be necessary partners in what is to come.
A double-blind test of astrology

Two double-blind tests were made of the thesis that astrological ‘natal charts’ can be used to describe accurately personality traits of test subjects.
Anti-Stokes delayed fluorescence from metal–organic bichromophores

Long wavelength excitation of [Ru(dmb)2(bpy-An)]2+ (dmb is 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and bpy-An is 4-methyl-4′-(9-anthrylethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine) in CH3CN solution produces upconverted delayed singlet anthracene fluorescence via bimolecular triplet–triplet annihilation.
Lidoflazine and Propranolol Combination Treatment in Chronic Stable Angina

The short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 months) safety of combination lidoflazine-propranolol therapy was investigated in an open trial of 15 patients with stable angina of effort. The possible advantages of adding lidoflazine (ti trated to 360 mg daily) to patients having a therapeutic response to propranolol (80-400 mg daily) was also evaluated. Effects on non-invasive indexes of left ventricular function (echocardiography, systolic time intervals, radionuclide ventriculography) and exercise tolerance (treadmill exercise testing) were deter mined. There was no change in mean resting heart rate with the combination therapy, although one patient developed sinus bradycardia at a rate of 44 and had to have his propranolol dose reduced. Electrocardiographic analysis showed significant prolongation of the QTc intervals on lidoflazine-propranolol therapy compared to propranolol alone, with 3 patients having QTc interval prolongation to above .53 seconds, but there was no evidence of increased ar rhythmogenes...
Comparison of effects of abciximab versus eptifibatide on C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist after coronary arterial stenting.

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Equity and Information: Information Regulation, Environmental Justice, and Risks from Toxic Chemicals.

Decreases over time in pounds of industrial chemical emissions have led to concerns that nonminority, higher-income communities have benefited disproportionately in reductions in risk. Toxic chemical release data, modeled for toxicity and dispersion in square kilometer units across 45 states, are used to test six sets of hypotheses of potential interactions between facilities and the communities surrounding them. The results provide mixed evidence that ethnicity explains chemical emission changes. Stronger support is found that changes in emission patterns are affected by a community's ability to process complex information and its capacity for collective action, and industrial production factors. Some support is found for the efficacy of state environmental policies that both do and do not fit the traditional regulatory model in encouraging risk reductions. © 2005 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Protein-DNA conformational changes in the crystal structure of a lambda Cro-operator complex

Abstract The structure of a complex of bacteriophage lambda Cro protein with a 17-base-pair operator has been determined at 3.9-A resolution. Isomorphous derivatives obtained by the synthesis of site-specific iodinated DNA oligomers were of critical importance in solving the structure. The crystal structure contains three independent Cro-operator complexes that have very similar, although not necessarily identical, conformations. In the complex, the protein dimer undergoes a large conformational change relative to the crystal structure of the free protein. One monomer rotates by about 40 degrees relative to the other, this being accomplished primarily by a twisting of the two beta-sheet strands that connect one monomer with the other. In the complex, the DNA is bent by about 40 degrees into the shape of a boomerang but maintains essentially Watson-Crick B-form. In contrast to other known protein-DNA complexes, the DNA is not stacked end-to-end. The structure confirms the general features of the model previously proposed for the interaction of Cro with DNA.
Representative Democracy and Fighting Domestic Terrorism

Does more representative government improve states' ability to fight domestic terrorism? In prior work, democracies are seen as more susceptible to terrorism because their respect for human rights prevents them from fully eliminating terrorist groups. However, such extrajudicial aggression could also alienate large portions of the population and create the ideal conditions for an insurgency. I argue that since terrorism is the lowest-capacity form of political violence, it is natural that states that do best at deterring political violence experience the most terrorism. While representative democracies should see terrorist groups initiate spells of attacks at a greater frequency, full political representation should also galvanize major political actors to unite and eliminate terrorist threats. I test this assertion through statistical models that treat the process of terrorist group initiation and its duration and intensity separately. Results not only show that less consolidated democracies and autocrac...
Principles and pitfalls of free hormone measurements

The free hormone hypothesis states that a hormone's physiological effects depend on the free hormone concentration, not the total hormone concentration. Although the in vivo relationship between free hormone and protein-bound hormone is complex, most experts have applied this view to the design of assays used to assess the free hormone concentration in the blood sampled for testing in vitro. The history of the measurement of free thyroxine, probably the most frequently requested free hormone determination, offers a good example of the approaches that have been taken. Methods that require physical separation of the free hormone from the protein-bound hormone must address both the potential disturbance in the equilibrium between the two, as well as the challenge of quantifying small levels of hormone accurately and precisely. The implementation of mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory has helped to develop proposed reference measurement procedures. These must be utilized to standardize the variety of immunoassay approaches that currently represent options commercially available to the routine clinical laboratory. Practicing endocrinologists should discuss the details of the free hormone assays offered by the clinical laboratory they utilize for patient result reporting, and clinical laboratories should implement the recommendations of published guidelines to ensure that free hormone results using commercially available immunoassays are as accurate and precise as possible.
War without end: the domestic economic fallout of empire

While the effects of the Bush doctrine on our relations in the world and our civil liberties at home have received widespread scrutiny, there has been relatively little attention paid to its effects on our domestic economy. This is surprising in light of Paul Kennedy's thesis that empires tend to overextend themselves militarily, depleting their revenue‐generating and productive capacities at home and making them vulnerable to decline in relation to nations whose economies are rising. This article brings together many threads of a discussion about the economic impacts of war that have been scattered across disciplines, buried in government documents and in the reports of government watchdogs groups, or are just beginning to emerge in the press, and suggests some areas for investigation that are being ignored. Far from “protecting our American way of life,” the garrison state the Bush administration is building may in fact be leading to our political and economic decline.
Coaxing Confidences from an Old Freind: Probabilistic Classifications from Transformation Rule Lists

Transformation-based learning has been successfully employed to solve many natural language processing problems. It has many positive features, but one drawback is that it does not provide estimates of class membership probabilities.In this paper, we present a novel method for obtaining class membership probabilities from a transformation-based rule list classifier. Three experiments are presented which measure the modeling accuracy and cross-entropy of the probabilistic classifier on unseen data and the degree to which the output probabilities from the classifier can be used to estimate confidences in its classification decisions.The results of these experiments show that, for the task of text chunking, the estimates produced by this technique are more informative than those generated by a state-of-the-art decision tree.
Properties of the glucoamylase from Rhizopus delemar

Abstract The glucoamylase from Rhizopus delemar was purified by filtration and chromatography on Sephadex gel and ion-exchange resins. The purified enzyme is shown to be a glycoprotein containing residues of D -mannose and 2-amino-2-deoxy- D -glucose in its structure. The action pattern of the glucoamylase from R. delemar on
Foraminiferal evolution as revealed by β‐tubulin data

Foraminiferal taxonomy is traditionally based on morphological characteristics, particularly the structure and composition of the test (shell). Recently, a comprehensive SSU-based molecular phylogeny confirmed some multi-chambered foraminiferal groups while enhancing our understanding of the single-chambered, or the so-called “allogromiid”, taxa. However, some relationships, such as the origin of the foraminiferal order Miliolida, remain unresolved, suggesting an approach involving multiple data sources may improve understanding. Here, we discuss the evolutionary implications of β-tubulin genes from several species of foraminifera. Foraminiferal β-tubulin is highly divergent, possibly indicating a period of accelerated evolution of this gene at the base of the foraminiferal lineage, but it is well-conserved within the group. We show its utility in helping to resolve the phylogenetic position of Miliammina fusca, a foraminiferan whose proper classification has been debated for 70 years. M. fusca is a morphological “chimera”, and we show that its placement in SSU trees is not particularly robust. However, β-tubulin data assigns Miliammina to the Miliolida, some of whose members show a similar chamber coiling pattern. This placement agrees with an earlier observation that M. fusca's actin isoforms more closely resemble those of traditional milolids. This finding implies that test formation can revert from calcareous to agglutinated, suggesting a reexamination of some relationships inferred from the fossil record. Supported by NSF OPP0003639.
Evaluation of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Purpose To determine the potential suitability of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Thirty adult patients with mild to severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. Methods Participants self-administered the NEI VFQ-25 and completed a semistructured interview to provide feedback about the questionnaire. The percentage of responses at the maximum and minimum value was calculated to assess ceiling and floor effects, respectively, for the 12 subscales of the NEI VFQ-25. The NEI VFQ-25 scores were compared for Graves' ophthalmopathy patients who reported symptomatic diplopia and those who did not report diplopia using univariate and multivariate linear regression models. Main Outcome Measures The NEI VFQ-25 subscale and composite scores. Results Health-related quality of life in those with Graves' ophthalmopathy was moderately impaired, with median composite score of 69. The greatest impairment was measured in the Mental Health (median, 50) and the Role Difficulties (median, 50) subscales. Significant ceiling effects were seen in 7 of the 12 subscales. More than two thirds of Graves' ophthalmopathy patients perceived that the NEI VFQ-25 lacked items relevant to their disease. The NEI VFQ-25 scores were lower for those with diplopia symptoms (composite score, 61) compared with those without diplopia (composite score, 90). Comparing these 2 groups, the largest differences were measured in the Driving and Peripheral Vision subscales. Conclusions The NEI VFQ-25 includes many items that are applicable to Graves' ophthalmopathy patients. However, it shows significant ceiling effects in more than half of the subscales and it lacks items on issues that are important to Graves' ophthalmopathy patients, such as altered appearance and ocular discomfort. Efforts to develop an HRQL instrument that adds Graves' ophthalmopathy-specific items to relevant aspects of the NEI VFQ-25 are warranted.