cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short Term Effects of a Pectoralis Minor Positional Release in Collegiate Swimmers: A Case Series

The shortened pectoralis minor directly correlates to abnormal scapular kinematics, which can cause pain, loss of range of motion and even loss of function. With these muscular imbalances causing forward scapular posture, the pectoralis minor is a key component to address in the prevention and treatment of shoulder impingement and scapular dyskinesis. This study investigated the effectiveness of a single positional release therapy (PRT) treatment of the pectoralis minor on scapular posture in collegiate swimmers immediately and 24 hours post intervention. Seventeen Division III collegiate swimmers (7 males and 10 females) volunteered to participate in this case series, with only one shoulder being excluded due to recent injury (n=33). Researchers measured resting pectoralis minor muscle length, forward shoulder posture and scapular elevation. Data measurements were collected a total of 3 times; prior to the PRT intervention, right after the intervention and again 24 hours post intervention. Each shoulder was treated with a single session of PRT on the pectoralis minor. Scapular positioning at 90° of abduction had a statistically significant increase in position from baseline to immediate post-intervention (p=.042). For forward shoulder posture, there was a statistically significant improvement in position from baseline to immediate post- intervention (p≤.001). The results of this case series show that a single treatment of PRT has an immediate effect in reducing resting pectoralis minor muscle length and decreasing rounded shoulder posture. However, this single treatment of PRT was not enough to maintain these effects after 24 hours, and should be combined with other manual therapies or rehabilitation protocols to address scapular dyskinesis in collegiate swimmers.
Multi-tiered Systems of Support for Preschool-aged Children: A Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Multi-tiered systems of support have been a prominent focus of research and practice in grade-schools given that they provide a proactive model through which struggling students may receive targeted interventions without the need for a special education label. In early childhood education there are factors that have inhibited the implementation of these tiered support systems. To overcome these obstacles, researchers have developed and are currently evaluating different multi-tiered systems of support that are specific to the settings, service delivery models, and curricula in early childhood education. Given the rate at which departments of education and accreditation agencies are presently creating system-wide tiered support systems for early childhood education, we conducted a review of the available literature on multi-tiered systems of support in early childhood education to provide stakeholders with guidance on development and implementation. Our findings indicate that tiered support systems targeting social–emotional development were most successful. Methodologically rigorous designs evaluating tiered support systems targeting literacy and language outcomes found marginal evidence of effects. Given variable findings, we are cautious in our recommendations for individuals involved with multi-tiered systems of support in early childhood education.
A Holomorphic Embedding Method to Solve Unstable Equilibrium Points of Power Systems

Unstable equilibrium points are important for transient stability analysis of power systems since they can indicate the boundary of the region of attraction regarding a stable equilibrium point. This paper proposes a new holomorphic embedding method to find unstable equilibrium points for multi-generator power systems by solving an equivalent power flow problem considering generator speeds. The problem formulation and the proposed method are presented in detail and then verified on the IEEE 3-generator 9-bus power system with different parameters.
Novel 3-dimensionally printed patient-specific guide improves accuracy compared with standard total shoulder arthroplasty guide: a cadaveric study

Background Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) systems for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) can improve glenoid component placement, but may involve considerable expense and production delays. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel technique for in-house production of 3-dimensionally printed, patient-specific glenoid guides. We hypothesized that our PSI guide would improve the accuracy of glenoid guide pin placement compared with a standard TSA guide. Methods We randomized 20 cadaveric shoulders to receive pin placement via the PSI guide (n = 10, study group) or standard TSA guide (n = 10, control group). PSI guides were designed to fit each glenoid based on 3-dimensional scapular models constructed from computed tomography scans. A presurgical plan was created for the guide pin trajectory in neutral version and inclination based on individual scapular anatomy. After pin placement, 3-dimensional models from repeated computed tomography scans were superimposed to calculate deviation from the presurgical plan for each specimen. Results Inclination deviation was significantly lower in the PSI group than in the standard guide group (1.5° ± 1.6° vs. 6.4° ± 5.0°, P = .009). The glenoid entry site exhibited significantly less deviation in the PSI group (0.8 ± 0.6 mm vs. 2.1 ± 1.2 mm, P = .008). The average production cost and time for the PSI guides were $29.95 and 4 hours 40 minutes per guide, respectively. Conclusions The PSI guide significantly improved the accuracy of glenoid pin placement compared with the standard TSA guide. Our PSI guides can be produced in-house, inexpensively, and with substantially reduced time compared with commercially available guides.
Diffusion as a Physiological Process

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the diffusion process in cornea. The cornea is a unique tissue. Because it is avascular for optical purposes, it must depend solely upon diffusion to bring it nutrients and oxygen from the air and remove waste products from the aqueous humor. Of the five distinct layers in the human cornea, only three—the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium—are used in the analysis of the diffusion process. The other two layers are considered to be part of the stroma. Because the cornea is thin compared to its diameter, diffusion of dissolved gases from the surfaces is considered a one-dimensional process. The diffusion equations that describe the movement of dissolved gases in the cornea are mostly conveniently written in terms of the partial pressure of the gas rather than its concentration. This is because the driving force for diffusion is a chemical activity, which is equivalent to the partial pressure of a dissolved gas. This chapter illustrates oxygen partial pressure profiles in the human cornea for various conditions at the external surface. It also discusses convective flow in the cornea and sclera.
College Students' Using Marijuana to Sleep Relates to Frequency, Problematic Use, and Sleep Problems.

Objective: Given the rising rates of insufficient sleep and the popularity of marijuana, we investigated using marijuana as a sleep aid, marijuana use frequency, problematic marijuana use, and slee...
Seismic-Resilient Bulk Power Grids: Hazard Characterization, Modeling, and Mitigation

The operation of the electricity delivery infrastructure is environmentally driven and vulnerable to a wide range of high-impact low-probability (HILP) hazards. Among different classes of HILP disasters, earthquakes are one of the most unpredictable hazards which may lead to widespread disruptions of mission-critical services and infrastructures. This article introduces a comprehensive framework for modeling and characterization of seismic hazards, vulnerability assessment of electric systems to the earthquake, and corrective actions and mitigation strategies ensuring operational resilience. The Monte Carlo simulation is employed to produce a realistically large set of possible earthquake scenarios to capture the stochastic nature of seismic hazards. An inclusive approach is then introduced based on the fundamental principles of fragility curves to assess the vulnerability of power generation facilities in the face of HILP earthquakes. A new seismic risk metric is suggested that takes into account both hazard and vulnerability probabilities, as well as the financial consequences due to postquake disruptions in power generation stations. Along with the generation redispatch strategy as a conventional mitigation solution following a nontrivial contingency, a new mitigation strategy centered on corrective network topology control is formulated to maximize the load outage recovery following HILP disruptions. The proposed decision support tool enables a swift restoration and improved resilience in dealing with the aftermath of the HILP earthquakes. Efficacy of the proposed framework is numerically analyzed and verified on both the IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems.
POU6F2 Positive Retinal Ganglion Cells a Novel Group of ON-OFF Directionally Selective Subtypes in the Mouse Retina

Abstract Purpose Previously we identified POU6F2 as a genetic link between central corneal thickness (CCT) and risk of open-angle glaucoma. The present study is designed to characterize the POU6F2-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Methods The Thy1-YFP-H mouse was used to identify the structure of POU6F2-positive RGCs in the retina. In the retina of the Thy1-YFP-H mouse approximately 3% of the RGCs were labeled with yellow fluorescent protein. These retinas were stained for POU6F2 to identify the morphology of the POU6F2 subtypes in 3D reconstructions of the labeled RGCs. Multiple retinal cell markers were also co-stained with POU6F2 to characterize the molecular signature of the POU6F2-positive RGCs. DBA/2J glaucoma models were used to test the role of POU6F2 in injury. Results In the retina POU6F2 labels 32.9% of the RGCs in the DBA/2J retina (16.1% heavily and 16.8% lightly labeled). In 3D constructions of Thy1-YFP-H positive RGCs, the heavily labeled POU6F2-positive cells had dendrites in the inner plexiform layer that were bistratified and appeared to be ON-OFF directionally selective cells. The lightly labeled POU6F2 RGCs displayed 3 different dendritic distributions, with dendrites in the ON sublaminae only, OFF sublaminae only, or bistratified. The POU6F2-positive cells partially co-stained with Cdh6. The POU6F2-positive cells do not co-stain with CART and SATB2 (markers for ON-OFF directionally selective RGC), SMI32 (a marker for alpha RGCs), or ChAT and GAD67(markers for amacrine cells). The POU6F2-positive cells were sensitive to injury. In DBA/2J glaucoma model, at 8 months of age there was a 22% loss of RGCs (labeled with RBPMS) while there was 73% loss of the heavily labeled POU6F2 RGCs. Conclusions POU6F2 is a marker for a novel group of RGC subtypes that are ON-OFF directionally selective RGCs that are sensitive to glaucomatous injury.
Clinicopathologic correlation of aniridia: Optical coherence tomography angiography and histopathologic observations.

Abstract Purpose To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in a patient with aniridia and correlate with representative histopathology. Observations OCTA images of the macula of a pediatric aniridic patient, who has nystagmus and impaired vision bilaterally, demonstrate a complete absence of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in both the superficial and deep vascular complexes (SVC and DVC). In addition, larger superficial blood vessels were found to be abnormally diving from the SVC into the DVC. Similarly, immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy imaging of a retinal histopathology specimen from a 2 month old aniridic patient demonstrated larger vessels diving in the same manner. Conclusions and importance This study highlights the clinical, imaging and histopathologic findings of aniridia. Supine OCTA imaging, performed during examination under anesthesia, allowed for visualization of retinal microvasculature in eyes with nystagmus. The histopathology images helped validate OCTA findings that, with further investigation, may lead to new information about the development of abnormal retinal microvasculature.
A Shallow-Water Model for Convective Self-Aggregation

Convective self-aggregation is proposed to be fundamental to the development of tropical cyclones and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, both of which are long-term mysteries in tropical meteorology. Therefore, understanding self-aggregation is key to deciphering how convection works in the tropical atmosphere. Here we present a 1D shallow water model that simulates the dynamics of the planetary boundary layer. We parameterize convection as a small-scale, short-lived mass sink that is triggered when the layer thickness exceeds a certain threshold. Once triggered, convection lasts for finite time and occupies finite length. We show that the model can successfully simulate self-aggregation, and that the results are robust to a wide range of parameter values. By analyzing the available potential energy budget (APE), we show convection generates APE, providing energy for self-aggregation. This paper provides a simple modeling framework to study self-aggregation, which can be used to understand the temporal and spatial scales of self-aggregation.
Associations between daily affect and sleep vary by sleep assessment type: What can ambulatory EEG add to the picture?

Abstract Objective/Background Disrupted sleep can be a cause and a consequence of affective experiences. However, daily longitudinal studies show sleep assessed via sleep diaries is more consistently associated with positive and negative affect than sleep assessed via actigraphy. The objective of the study was to test whether sleep parameters derived from ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) in a naturalistic setting were associated with day-to-day changes in affect. Participants/Method Eighty adults (mean age = 32.65 years, 63% female) completed 7 days of affect and sleep assessments. We examined bidirectional associations between morning positive affect and negative affect with sleep assessed via diary, actigraphy, and ambulatory EEG. Results Mornings with lower positive affect than average were associated with higher diary- and actigraphy-determined sleep efficiency that night. Mornings with higher negative affect than average were associated with longer actigraphy-determined total sleep time that night. Nights with longer diary-determined total sleep time, greater sleep efficiency, and shorter sleep onset latency than average were associated with higher next-morning positive affect, and nights with lower diary-determined wake-after-sleep-onset were associated with lower next-morning negative affect. EEG-determined sleep and affect results were generally null in both directions: only higher morning negative affect was associated with longer rapid eye movement (REM) sleep that night. Conclusions Self-reported sleep and affect may occur in a bidirectional fashion for some sleep parameters. EEG-determined sleep and affect associations were inconsistent but may still be important to assess in future studies to holistically capture sleep. Single-channel EEG represents a novel, ecologically valid tool that may provide information beyond diaries and actigraphy.
N-Acetyl-l-cysteine and aminooxyacetic acid differentially modulate trichloroethylene reproductive toxicity via metabolism in Wistar rats

Exposure to the industrial solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and decreased fetal weight in rats. TCE kidney toxicity can occur through formation of reactive metabolites via its glutathione (GSH) conjugation metabolic pathway, largely unstudied in the context of pregnancy. To investigate the contribution of the GSH conjugation pathway and oxidative stress to TCE toxicity during pregnancy, we exposed rats orally to 480 mg TCE/kg/day from gestational day (GD) 6 to GD 16 with and without N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) at 200 mg/kg/day or aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) at 20 mg/kg/day as pre/co-treatments from GD 5–16. NAC is a reactive oxygen species scavenger that modifies the GSH conjugation pathway, and AOAA is an inhibitor of cysteine conjugate β-lyase (CCBL) in the GSH conjugation pathway. TCE decreased fetal weight, and this was prevented by AOAA but not NAC pre/co-treatment to TCE. Although AOAA inhibited CCBL activity in maternal kidney, it did not inhibit CCBL activity in maternal liver and placenta, suggesting that AOAA prevention of TCE-induced decreased fetal weight was due to CCBL activity inhibition in the kidneys but not liver or placenta. Unexpectedly, NAC pre/co-treatment with TCE, relative to TCE treatment alone, altered placental morphology consistent with delayed developmental phenotype. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the decidua basale, relative to basal and labyrinth zones, expressed the highest abundance of CCBL1, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, and cleaved caspase-3. Together, the findings show the differential effects of NAC and AOAA on TCE-induced pregnancy outcomes are likely attributable to TCE metabolism modulation.
Single-cell analysis of immune repertoires enabled.

The adaptive arm of the immune system is perhaps unique among complex organ systems in the vast heterogeneity of its constituent cellular components. This feature, though central to its ability to respond to diverse and dynamic antigenic challenges, has complicated high-resolution single-cell analysis, due to the paucity of features by which an individual clonal lymphocyte lineage can be known. T lymphocytes, for example, comprise a range of subsets that can be distinguished by specific phenotypic and activation surface markers that broadly connote their class and function, but which fail to resolve the specific gene expression patterns that are essential to understanding the contributions made by individual clones to the induction and maintenance of immunity. A defining feature of T cells is found in the specificity and functionality of the clonal antigen receptor (T cell receptor [TCR]), a heterodimeric surface protein that allows recognition of the set of peptide/major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) that can serve as activating ligands. Although there are a finite number of gene segments encoding the distinct variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J), and constant (C) that comprise the alpha and beta TCR chains, gene rearrangement and template-independent nucleotide addition to the final gene structure insure that the number of distinct TCRs that can be encoded far exceeds the number of clonal T cells present within the host. Given this remarkable … [↵][1]1Email: sps{at}lji.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in complex coastal waters from satellite imagery

Current Ocean Color (OC) algorithms for the estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) from satellite imagery, which are based primarily on 440, 490 and 550 nm bands, work well in the open ocean areas and often break in coastal waters because of failure of the atmospheric correction in blue bands and water complexity. A recently developed neural network (NN) algorithm for VIIRS avoids blue bands utilizing 490, 550 and 671 nm bands. This algorithm was proven to work well to detect Karenia brevis algal blooms along the West Florida Shelf even near the coast and to determine Chla in many other areas but is limited to Chla below 10-15 mg/m3. Algorithms that are based on the red-NIR bands, work well at high Chla for the near surface measurements. However, they require a band near 709 nm which is available only on the Sentinel-3 OLCI satellite sensor, and the current OLCI atmospheric correction is not reliable enough at this band. To detect algal blooms in very complex areas like the Chesapeake Bay, a new approach is presented, which avoids blue bands but includes data from the VIIRS I1 imaging band 600 – 680 nm with a center at 638 nm. Remote sensing reflectance for this I1 band is now routinely included in the standard set of processed VIIRS bands at NOAA CoastWatch with 750 m spatial resolution. This band integrates part of the remote sensing reflectance spectrum with variable phytoplankton absorption together with a complex combination of spectra from other water components and is helpful in the estimation of Chla in a broad range. Results are compared with the performance of the OLCI red-NIR algorithm with an alternative atmospheric correction, showing good qualitative agreements in the Chesapeake Bay area in conditions from clear waters to algal blooms.
Confederate Streets and Black-White Labor Market Differentials

Using a unique dataset, this paper examines the extent to which streets named after prominent Confederate generals are related to Black-White labor market differentials. Examining individual-level data shows that Blacks who reside in areas that have a relatively higher number of Confederate streets are less likely to be employed, are more likely to be employed in low-status occupations, and have lower wages compared to Whites. I find no evidence that individual characteristics, local characteristics, or geographic sorting explain these results.
Programming isotype specific plasma cell differentiation

Antibodies are produced across multiple isotypes with distinct properties that coordinate initial antigen clearance and confer long-term antigen-specific immune protection. Here, we interrogate the molecular programs of isotype-specific murine plasma cells (PC) following helper T cell dependent immunization and within established steady-state immunity. Using integrated single cell strategies, we reveal conserved and divergent components of the rapid effector phase of antigen-specific IgM+ versus inflammation modulating programs dictated by IgG2a/b+ PC differentiation. During antibody affinity maturation, the germinal center (GC) cycle imparts separable programs for post-GC inhibitory IgG1+ and inflammatory IgG2a/b+ PC to direct long-term cellular function. In the steady-state, two subsets of IgM+ and separate IgG2b+ PC programs clearly segregate from splenic IgA+ PC programs that emphasize mucosal barrier protection. These diverse isotype-specific molecular pathways of PC differentiation control complementary modules of antigen clearance and immune protection that could be selectively targeted for immunotherapeutic applications and vaccine design.
The role of diffuse electron precipitation in the formation of subauroral polarization streams

The role of diffuse electron precipitation in forming subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) is investigated with the Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model. Diffuse precipitation ...
Genetic deletion of an instability motif in the Tristetraprolin (TTP) transcript increases TTP mRNA stability and protein expression and provides protection against inflammatory diseases

Objective: Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an mRNA binding protein that binds to AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR) of specific mRNAs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA,...
Pediatric Sleep: Normal Sleep and Non-respiratory Sleep Complaints

Sleep is a complex process that is essential to normal growth and development. The duration, timing, and architecture of sleep gradually change as a child matures. Disruption of sleep is associated with poor growth and development, neurocognitive impairment, increased cardiovascular risk, systemic inflammation, and diminished overall well-being. Primary care providers evaluate pediatric patients with a variety of symptoms that may not be obviously sleep-related but are consequences of inadequate or disrupted sleep. A thorough sleep history should be considered for all pediatric patients. In addition to sleep-disordered breathing, pediatric health care providers should be able to recognize, discuss, and initiate management for many common non-respiratory sleep disorders that are outlined in this chapter.
Marital Conflict and Children: An Emotional Security Perspective

Part I: New Directions in the Study of Children and Marital Conflict. Marital Conflict and Risky Families. The Emergence of Process-oriented Approaches: Emotional Security Theory. Part II: Child Effects of Exposure to Marital Conflict. Identifying Constructive and Destructive Marital Conflict. Testing Process-oriented Models of the Direct Effects of Exposure to Marital Conflict. Part III: Contextualizing Marital Conflict. The Role of Parenting in the Context of Marital Conflict: Indirect Pathways and Processes. Contextual Vulnerability and Protective Models. Development Over Time in Contexts of Marital Conflict. Part IV: Future Directions. Applications of Findings and Translational Research. Beyond the Marital Dyad: From Bowlby to Political Violence. Appendices: Coding Systems and Methodology. Appendix A: Conflict in the Interparental System (CIS)-observational Coding. Appendix B: Security in the Interparental Subsystem (SIS) Scale-child Report. Appensix C: Security in the Marital System-parent Report (SIMS-PR) Scale. Appendix D: Advanced Measurement and Research Design Issues for a Process-oriented Approach.
An Empirical Examination of Privately Placed Debt

Private placements of straight debt by publicly traded firms elicit a positive stock price reaction on average, consistent with a market perception that they confer significant certification and monitoring benefits on borrowers. However, long-run stock returns following the debt issues are significantly lower than benchmarks. Our results are consistent with the view that firms issue private debt prior to a decline in operating performance, and they disclose overly optimistic information in the pre-issue period which prevents information on the upcoming downturn from reaching the market in a timely manner. Lenders have inside information on the post-issue performance decline prior to their lending decision, and take steps to protect their investment which do not benefit equity investors. Our results are inconsistent with any certification and monitoring benefits accruing to equity investors from private non-bank debt.
Measurement of I-V characteristic of organic molecules using step junction

We investigate devices fabricated using a step junction technique, which is a simple fabrication method to build electrodes with average gap width of 10/spl sim/20 nm using only micro-fabrication. 1,4-benzenedimethane-thiols(xylyl-dithiol; XYL) are self-assembled onto this nanoscale junction (sacrificial step junction) and connected in series by 20 nm gold clusters (GC). Since the gap size in some devices is believed to be locally as small as a single molecule dimension due to variations in the step junction fabrication, another sample (titanium step junction) was prepared using only XYL molecules to bridge the gap. The current-voltage characteristic of XYL was measured using these structures, and compared with the tunneling current before molecular deposition. The conductance of sacrificial step junction devices increased with a yield of 30% after forming a molecule/cluster/molecule bridge, while a lower yield (/spl sim/5%) was observed for the molecule-only devices. Temperature dependent measurement performed on titanium step junction devices, indicate that the molecular conduction is via tunneling.
THE “LOVE-HATE” RELATIONSHIP PRESENT IN LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

The three main types of chemical components in wood are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These three components have rather different physical and chemical characteristics. In some respects, the three types of materials can be described as “incompatible.” However, most of the biomass existing on the planet depends on their successful interactions. It can be useful to think of wood as being a natural composite structure. Concepts related to composites also are useful as we envision possible new and improved uses of wood-derived materials.
An improved algorithm finding nearest neighbor using Kd-trees

We suggest a simple modification to the Kd-tree search algorithm for nearest neighbor search resulting in an improved performance. The Kd-tree data structure seems to work well in finding nearest neighbors in low dimensions but its performance degrades even if the number of dimensions increases to more than two. Since the exact nearest neighbor search problem suffers from the curse of dimensionality we focus on approximate solutions; a c-approximate nearest neighbor is any neighbor within distance at most c times the distance to the nearest neighbor. We show that for a randomly constructed database of points if the query point is chosen close to one of the points in the data base, the traditional Kd-tree search algorithm has a very low probability of finding an approximate nearest neighbor; the probability of success drops exponentially in the number of dimensions d as e-Ω(d/c). However, a simple change to the search algorithm results in a much higher chance of success. Instead of searching for the query point in the Kd-tree we search for a random set of points in the neighborhood of the query point. It turns out that searching for eΩ(d/c) such points can find the c-approximate nearest neighbor with a much higher chance of success.
Quantitative Enumeration of Acanthamoeba for Evaluation of Cyst Inactivation in Contact Lens Care Solutions

A simple, quantitative plate assay has been developed for use in the enumeration of Acanthamoeba. The technique uses an agarose overlay and low-nutrient medium to support the growth of amoebae on a bacterial lawn. The authors found that in this assay, individual trophozoites or dormant cysts will cause plaques to form in an Enterobacter aerogenes lawn. With the assay, it is possible to quantitatively assess the effects of various disinfectant compounds on the viability of Acanthamoeba. The authors used this assay to enumerate Acanthamoeba cyst viability after chemical disinfection in contact lens care solutions. The inactivation data indicated major differences among the four test solutions evaluated.
Re-irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy for recurrent head and neck cancer

5559 Background: Despite aggressive therapy, over 70% of locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) fail primary treatment. Salvage therapy with surgery, chemotherapy or...
Über fluorhaltige Komplexe. VII. Über Alkoxysilicate und Fluorosilicate

Verschiedene Versuche zur Darstellung von Hydroxofluorosilicaten fuhrten nicht zum Erfolg. Auch die Gewinnung von Fluoroalkoxysilicaten gelang nicht. Auf die Herstellung von Alkoxysilicaten wird kurz eingegangen. K2[SiF6] wurde in einer bisher noch nicht bekannten hexagonalen Modifikation gefunden, die Raumgruppe ist C 6 C m, die Achsen betragen a = 5,67 A und c = 9,24 A. Es werden Betrachtungen zur Einfuhrung der OH-Gruppe in Hexafluorokomplexe angestellt. Attempts to isolate hydroxofluoro- and alkoxyfluorosilicates have been without success. The preparation of alkoxysilicates is shortly discussed. K2[SiF6] has been obtained in an unknown hexagonal modification (space group C C 6 m; a = 5.67 A; c = 9.24 A).
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Auction With Time-Evolving Channel Qualities

Spectrum auction is considered a suitable approach to efficiently allocate spectrum among unlicensed users. In a typical spectrum auction, secondary users (SUs) bid to buy spectrum bands from a primary owner (PO) who acts as the auctioneer. Existing spectrum auctions assume that SUs have static and known values for the channels. However, in many real world settings, the SUs do not know the exact value of channel access at first, but they learn it and adapt it over time. In this paper, we study spectrum auctions in a dynamic setting where SUs can change their valuations based on their experiences with the channel quality. We propose ADAPTIVE, a dynAmic inDex Auction for sPectrum sharing with TIme-evolving ValuEs that maximizes the social welfare of the SUs. ADAPTIVE is based on multi-armed bandit models where for each user an allocation index is independently calculated in polynomial time. Then we generalize ADAPTIVE to Multi-ADAPTIVE that auctions multiple channels at each time. We provide a sufficient condition under which Multi-ADAPTIVE achieves the maximum social welfare. Both ADAPTIVE and Multi-ADAPTIVE have some desired economic properties that are formally proven in the analysis. Also, we provide a numerical performance comparison between our proposed mechanisms and the well known static auctions, namely the Vickrey second price auction and the VCG mechanism.
Distribution of 35S in the Blood and its Excretion in Urine of Dogs Exposed to 35SO2

Blood 35S levels in anesthetized dogs rose progressively when the isolated upper airways were exposed to 35SO2 for 30 to 60 minutes, and decreased slightly in the hours following exposure. The plasma contained more 35S than the red blood cells (RBC); more than half of the plasma-35S was dialyzable, the greatest radioactivity among the nondialyzable fraction of the plasma being associated with α-globulin proteins. Two thirds of the RBC-35S appeared to be intracellular. RBC-35S/Plasma-35S was higher following in vivo exposure of animals than when plasma- 35S was mixed with nonradioactive RBC. Most of the urinary 35S was in the form of inorganic sulfate.
Regeneration of locomotor command systems in the sea lamprey

Abstract Ammocoete larvae of the sea lamprey were allowed to recover from a complete transection of the spinal cord posterior to the last gill arch. Specimens were then prepared for focal extracellular stimulation of the brainstem in the region known to contain the command systems for swimming. In 4 preparations where behavioral recovery had occurred, stimulation in this region would initiate swimming, indicating that the command function of this ‘locomotor’ region had recovered.
External debt and fiscal adjustment in anti-inflation programs☆

Abstract This note examines the effect of fiscal adjustments on the steady-state rate of inflation when the government is externally indebted. It is shown that the effect of such adjustments depends on the real exchange rate movements associated with each method used to reduce the budget deficit, since real exchange rate movements feedback to the government budget.
Effect of vesicle composition and curvature on the dissociation of phosphatidic acid in small unilamellar vesicles - a 31P-NMR study

Sonicated small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) containing phosphatidic acid (PA) give two PA 31P-NMR resonances corresponding to PA molecules in the inner and outer leaflets of the bilayer. This NMR differentiation between the two monolayers is not due to a pH gradient across the membrane but instead reflects differential packing in the inner and outer leaflets imposed by the highly curved SUV surface. The apparent pKa of the outer-leaflet PA increases with decreasing surface curvature and with increasing PA content. The estimated relationship between the apparent pKa of the outer-leaflet PA headgroup and vesicle curvature may provide a qualitative probe for effects related to surface curvature in these model-membrane systems.
SIRT1 Protein, by Blocking the Activities of Transcription Factors FoxO1 and FoxO3, Inhibits Muscle Atrophy and Promotes Muscle Growth

In several cell types, the protein deacetylase SIRT1 regulates the activities of FoxO transcription factors whose activation is critical in muscle atrophy. However, the possible effects of SIRT1 on the activity of FoxOs in skeletal muscle and on the regulation of muscle size have not been investigated. Here, we show that after food deprivation, SIRT1 levels fall dramatically in type II skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior), which show marked atrophy, unlike in the liver (where SIRT1 rises) or heart or the soleus, a type I muscle (where SIRT1 is unchanged). Maintenance of high SIRT1 levels by electroporation in mouse muscle inhibits markedly the muscle wasting induced by fasting as well as by denervation, and these protective effects require its deacetylase activity. SIRT1 overexpression reduces muscle wasting by blocking the activation of FoxO1 and 3. It thus prevents the induction of key atrogenes, including the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, atrogin1 and MuRF1, and multiple autophagy (Atg) genes and the increase in overall proteolysis. In normal muscle, SIRT1 overexpression by electroporation causes rapid fiber hypertrophy without, surprisingly, activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Thus, SIRT1 activation favors postnatal muscle growth, and its fall appears to be critical for atrophy during fasting. Consequently, SIRT1 activation represents an attractive possible pharmacological approach to prevent muscle wasting and cachexia.
Identifying the elasticity of driving: Evidence from a gasoline price shock in California

Abstract There have been dramatic swings in retail gasoline prices over the past decade, along with reports in the media of consumers changing their driving habits — providing a unique opportunity to examine how consumers respond to changes in gasoline prices. This paper exploits a unique and extremely rich vehicle-level dataset of all new vehicles registered in California in 2001–2003 and then subsequently given a smog check in 2005–2009, a period of steady economic growth but rapidly increasing gasoline prices after 2005. The primary empirical result is a medium-run estimate of the elasticity of vehicle-miles-traveled with respect to gasoline price for new vehicles of − 0.22. There is evidence of considerable heterogeneity in this elasticity across buyer types, demographics, and geography. Surprisingly, the vehicle-level responsiveness is increasing with income, perhaps due to within-household switching of vehicles. The estimated elasticity has important implications for the effectiveness of price policies, such as increased gasoline taxes or a carbon policy, in reducing greenhouse gases. The heterogeneity in the elasticity underscores differing distributional and local air pollution benefits of policies that increase the price of gasoline.
Myosin heavy chain dephosphorylation during cytokinesis in dividing sea urchin embryos

Myosin heavy chain (MHC) phosphorylation was examined throughout the period of first cleavage in developing sea urchin embryos. MHC was found to be phosphorylated in these cells and, furthermore, the relative state of myosin phosphorylation was found to decrease as cells progressed through cytokinesis. Following the completion of cytokinesis, the relative state of MHC phosphorylation returned to levels observed in precytokinesis cells. The above results were obtained with myosin immunoprecipitated from whole cell lysates. In order to specifically examine the phosphorylation, state of MHC in the cleavage furrow, a protocol was developed for the isolation of intact contractile rings from dividing sea urchin embryos. MHC was immunoprecipitated from isolated contractile rings and the relative phosphorylation state of this MHC was compared with that of MHC isolated from whole cell lysates prepared at the same time. MHC from isolated contractile rings was found to be significantly less phosphorylated than total cellular MHC, suggesting a role for MHC dephosphorylation during cytokinesis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Secret of Theory

This article focuses on the concept of the secret in Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy, with specific attention to the related concepts of becoming-woman and literature. It contrasts Deleuze and Guattari's immanent mode of reading with oedipal theories of the text and hermeneutics. Whereas Deleuze and Guattari argue for the positivity of the secret, where there is content that is not disclosed and that therefore creates lines of perception and interpretation, the oedipal mode of reading regards the secret as a (negative) effect of reading.
Microwave dielectric relaxation, electrical conductance, and ultrasonic relaxation of LiPF6 in poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether-500

Microwave dielectric complex permittivity ∈ * = ∈' - J∈" in the frequency range ∼1-130 GHz and at temperatures of 25, 40, and 55 °C for the system LiPF 6 dissolved in poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether of average molar mass 500 (PEO-500) are reported. The dielectric spectra are interpreted by a Cole-Davidson distribution function for both the solvent and the solutions. The activation parameters ΔH and ΔS for the dielectric process have been determined for both solvent and solutions. Audio frequency electrical conductance of solutions of LiPF 6 in PEO-500, in the concentration range ∼5 x 10 - 4 to 1.0 M (M = mol/dm 3 ) and temperatures 25, 40, and 55 °C, have been determined. The conductance data in the diluted range have been analyzed by two forms of the Fuoss-Onsager conductance theory. Despite the presence of a minimum in the conductance vs concentration functions, the presence of conducting triple ions has not been postulated, because the minimum is predicted by the functional form of the conductance theory at low solvent permittivities, for moderate ion-pair associations. Ultrasonic relaxation spectra in the frequency range ∼1 to ∼400 MHz and LiPF 6 concentration range 0.1-0.5 M at 25 °C are reported and analyzed in terms of the sum of two debye relaxation processes. The upper one centered around 150-200 MHz and common to the solvent PEO-500 is attributed to polymer-chain rearrangements, also influenced by the presence of the electrolyte. The lower relaxation process in the low megahertz frequency range is interpreted in terms of formation of dimers-ion pairs according to the process 2LiPF 6 ⇄ (LiPF 6 ) 2 , thus rationalizing the presence of a maximum in the static dielectric permitivity vs concentration.
Quantifying the performance of fused correlated multiple classifiers

The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is typically used to quantify the performance of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems. When multiple classifiers are to be fused, assumptions must be made in order to mathematically combine the individual ROC curves for each of these classifiers in order to form one fused ROC curve. Often, one of these assumptions is independence between the classifiers. However, correlation may exist between the classifiers, processors, sensors and the outcomes used to generate each ROC curve. This paper will demonstrate a method for creating a ROC curve of the fused classifiers which incorporates the correlation that exists between the individual ROC curves. Specifically, we will use the derived covariance matrix between multiple classifiers to compute the existing correlation and level of dependence between pairs of classifiers. The ROC curve for the fused system is then produced, adjusting for this level of dependency, using a given fusion rule.
Inhibition by L -ascorbate of bacterial mutagenesis induced by two N -nitroso compounds

MANY chemicals are activated to carcinogens and mutagens by oxidative metabolism to alkylating agents1. Ascorbic acid has been reported to protect against tumour induction in mice by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, which induced bladder tumours2 and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene plus croton oil which induced skin tumours3. Ascorbic acid can also prevent the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from nitrite and amines, in vivo4 and in vitro5. I report here that mutagenesis by two preformed N-nitroso compounds is effectively inhibited by ascorbic acid.
Synthesis of Isochrysohermidin−Distamycin Hybrids

The synthesis of the alkylating subunit of the DNA cross-linking agent, isochrysohermidin (2), and its subsequent incorporation into conjugates with distamycin A (1) are described. The DNA binding properties of these agents were compared to that of distamycin A, using a fluorescence intercalator displacement (FID) assay.
A phase II trial of carboplatin for intraocular retinoblastoma

Background Retinoblastoma patients with RB1 germline mutations are at risk of developing second malignancies and external beam radiation therapy increases the risk. Carboplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens in conjunction with local therapies have been investigated for intraocular retinoblastoma, but the lack of data regarding the efficacy of single agent intravenous carboplatin prompted this phase II study. Procedure Twenty-five patients (43 eyes) were treated with intravenous carboplatin (18.7 mg/kg for patients < 12 kg, 560 mg/m2 for patients ≥ 12 kg). Patients received a median of two cycles of carboplatin (range one to five cycles) beginning at a median age of 5 months (range 14 days to 22 months). Results All patients were extraocular disease free during the follow-up period (median 76.3 months). Responses were noted in 33 of 36 evaluable eyes (92%). The 5-year overall ocular and ocular event-free survivals were 93.3% (95% CI, 84.4–100%) and 43.5% (95% CI, 25.8–61.3%) for eyes treated for Reese-Ellsworth (RE) group 1–3 disease and 25.0% (95% CI, 1.0–50.0%) and 8.3% (95% CI, 0–24.0%) for RE group 4–5 disease, respectively. No non-hematopoietic serious or permanent toxicities related to the chemotherapy were observed. Conclusion When used as a neoadjuvant agent, carboplatin usually leads to objective responses of intraocular retinoblastoma. The 5-year ocular event-free survival appears inferior to other protocols using more extensive chemotherapy, but with greater radiation therapy usage, overall ocular survival rate for RE group 1–3 eyes was excellent. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:643–648. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hydrolyzed colloid reaction (HCR) technique for preparation of YVO4, YPO4 and YVxP1−xO4

Abstract YVO 4 , YPO 4 and YV x P 1− x O 4 phosphor host materials were synthesized by a special hydrolyzed colloid reaction (HCR) technique from Y 2 O 3 +V 2 O 5 +H 2 O, Y 2 O 3 +P 2 O 5 +H 2 O and Y 2 O 3 +V 2 O 5 +P 2 O 5 +H 2 O systems at low temperature ( T C ) and atmospheric pressure. Complex colloidal mixtures with metastable characteristics produced by intensive ball milling were transformed into YVO 4 , YPO 4 and YV x P 1− x O 4 by simple hydrolysis.
Agricultural statistics and data administration in Turkey

Abstract Adequate and reliable agricultural statistics are very important for Turkey. The country's economic development depends primarily on government controlled five-year plans. It is difficult to collect data in rural areas where about three million farm families live, mostly with small land holdings or without land. But in today's Turkey, the statistical administration is well organized and has been producing a lot of data. However, many deficiencies remain and there is still need for improvements in the way in which agricultural data are collected and published.
Localization of myoglobin in striated muscle of the domestic pig; benzidine and NADH2-TR reactions.

Tissue blocks 1 cm3 from longissimus (white) and trapezius (red) muscles of adult pigs were fixed in phosphate-buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde, pH 7.4, for 4 hr at about 25 C; washed 4 hr in running tap water, and immersed in 30% w/v sucrose solution for 16 hr or more. After freezing in liquid N2, cryostat sections were cut and floated into saturated aqueous benzidine containing 0.15% H2O2 at 25 C for 30 min. Stained sections were washed in distilled water and mounted on slides with glycerol jelly. Three distinguishable gradiations of color intensity were found: strong, intermediate, and negative. The trapezius had a greater number of myoglobin-positive fibers than the longissimus muscle. Myoglobin-positive and myoglobin-negative staining occurred in red and white fibers, respectively; intermediates were apparently more closely related to the red than to the white fibers. The NADH2TR reaction showed the same sites as did the benzidine reaction.
Three-Fluid 2.5-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Model of the Effective Temperature in Coronal Holes

Recent SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) observations show that protons and minor ions are hot (Tp > 106 K, Ti > 107 K) and anisotropic in coronal holes. A possible cause of the large perpendicular motions is unresolved Alfvenic fluctuations in the solar wind. Using the three-fluid 2.5-dimensional MHD model, we have shown that the unresolved Alfvenic fluctuations lead to apparent proton temperature and anisotropy consistent with UVCS observations. However, Alfven waves with realistic amplitudes cannot reproduce the O5+ perpendicular temperature and anisotropy deduced from UVCS observations. This suggests that the minor ions are heated by a different mechanism than protons.