cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactive ballistic deposition of nanostructured model materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage.

Porous, high surface area materials have critical roles in applications including catalysis, photochemistry, and energy storage. In these fields, researchers have demonstrated that the nanometer-scale structure modifies mechanical, optical, and electrical properties of the material, greatly influencing its behavior and performance.Such complex chemical systems can involve several distinct processes occurring in series or parallel. Understanding the influence of size and structure on the properties of these materials requires techniques for producing clean, simple model systems. In the fields of photoelectrochemistry and lithium storage, for example, researchers need to evaluate the effects of changing the electrode structure of a single material or producing electrodes of many different candidate materials while maintaining a distinctly favorable morphology.In this Account, we introduce our studies of the formation and charac-terization of high surface area, porous thin films synthesized by a process call...
Pain Interventions in Premature Infants: What Is Conclusive Evidence and What Is Not

This article is the second of a two-part series that focuses on interventions to decrease pain related to common procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit. In part one, the focus was on the etiology of pain, sources of pain, short- and long-term consequences, and currently used assessment tools. In this part, an introduction of evidence-based practice is discussed, along with current pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies. Recommendations are offered on what is considered conclusive evidence and what is not.
MO Tripeptide Diastereomers (M = 99/99mTc, Re): Models To Identify the Structure of 99mTc Peptide Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals

Biologically active molecules, such as many peptides, serve as targeting vectors for radiopharmaceuticals based on 99mTc. Tripeptides can be suitable chelates and are easily and conveniently synthesized and linked to peptide targeting vectors through solid-phase peptide synthesis and form stable TcVO complexes. Upon complexation with [TcO]3+, two products form; these are syn and anti diastereomers, and they often have different biological behavior. This is the case with the approved radiopharmaceutical [99mTcO]depreotide ([99mTcO]P829, NeoTect) that is used to image lung cancer. [99mTcO]depreotide indeed exhibits two product peaks in its HPLC profile, but assignment of the product peaks to the diastereomers has proven to be difficult because the metal peptide complex is difficult to crystallize for structural analysis. In this study, we isolated diastereomers of [99TcO] and [ReO] complexes of several tripeptide ligands that model the metal chelator region of [99mTcO]depreotide. Using X-ray crystallography...
Differential response of bipolar and normal control lymphoblastoid cell sodium pump to ethacrynic acid.

Background: While the pathogenesis of manic-depressive, or bipolar, illness is unknown, an excess of intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations is thought to contribute to the development of the illness. Previous work has demonstrated a reduced adaptive response of the sodium pump to ethacrynic acid in lymphocytes obtained from bipolar subjects compared to psychiatrically normal controls. Methods: To further examine this phenomenon, we investigated several aspects of sodium pump response (transcription, translation, activity, and intracellular ion concentration) in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from bipolar subjects and matched normal controls. Cells were treated with ethacrynic acid 100 μM for 3 days. Results: Normal control-derived cells exhibited an upregulation of sodium pump mRNA synthesis, protein expression, pump-specific binding and activity, and were able to maintain a normal intracellular sodium concentration. Cells derived from bipolar individuals did not alter sodium pump parameters in any way, and consequently, had a higher intracellular sodium concentration. Limitations: While bipolar lymphoblasts were from an inbred Old Order Amish population, the normal controls were from an outbred population. Conclusions: The results suggest that bipolar illness is associated with an abnormality in cellular sodium homeostatic regulation.
Specific sites in the Beta Interaction Domain of a schistosome Ca2+ channel β subunit are key to its role in sensitivity to the anti-schistosomal drug praziquantel

Praziquantel, the drug of choice against schistosomiasis, disrupts calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in schistosomes via an unknown mechanism. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are heteromultimeric transmembrane protein complexes that contribute to impulse propagation and also regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels. Beta subunits modulate the properties of the pore-forming alpha1 subunit of high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. Unlike other Ca2+ channel beta subunits, which have current stimulatory effects, a beta subunit subtype found in S. mansoni (SmbetaA) and S. japonicum (Sjbeta) dramatically reduces current levels when co-expressed with Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunits in Xenopus oocytes. It also confers praziquantel sensitivity to the mammalian Cav2.3 alpha1 subunit. The Beta Interaction Domains (BIDs) of SmbetaA and Sjbeta lack 2 conserved serines that each constitute a consensus site for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation. Here, we use site-directed mutagenesis of schistosome beta subunits to show that these unique functional properties are correlated with the absence of these consensus PKC sites in the BID. Furthermore, a second schistosome beta subunit subtype contains both serines in the BID, enhances currents through alpha1 subunits, and does not confer praziquantel sensitivity. Thus, phosphorylation sites in the BID may play important roles in defining the modulatory properties and pharmacological sensitivities of schistosome Ca2+ channel beta subunits.
Degenerative Disorders of the Lumbar and Cervical Spine

Degenerative disorders in the spine are normal, age-related phenomena and largely asymptomatic in most cases. Conservative management of lumbar and cervical spondylosis is the mainstay of treatment, and most patients with symptomatic degenerative changes respond appropriately with nonsurgical management. Surgical intervention can be considered an appropriate and viable option when conservative measures have failed. Treatment options should always be directed toward the specific nature and location of the patient's individual pathology. Although current standards in the surgical management of lumbar and cervical degenerative disorders include discectomy, neural decompression, and instrumented spinal arthrodesis, new approaches that address this often-challenging clinical entity are on the horizon.
Measurement of thermally induced changes in the refractive index of glass caused by laser processing

The effects of CO2 laser heating of pure fused silica are investigated. Studies show that the laser heating process causes a small volume of glass to be left in an altered microstructural state. To measure the refractive index of this altered region, a process was developed to create a thin film of altered glass. Samples were measured with a prism coupler, and a theoretical model was developed to predict the intensity values collected during the measurement. A least-squares routine was used to determine the refractive index that results in the best fit between the experimental and predicted intensity data. The refractive index in the altered glass was found to increase by approximately 0.07%.
THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL THEORY: TOWARDS AN ARCHITECTURAL GEOGRAPHY *

This paper critiques the narrow empiricist focus and inadequate theoretical development of much architectural geography. The geographer's concern and interest in the built environment is integrated with a more critical and relevant awareness of social theory. Four theoretical categories of building and architectural function are discussed: buildings as cultural artifacts, as objects of value, as signs, and as a spatial system. Directions for research are proposed for the example of historic preservation.
Modulation of antitumoral antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and natural killer activity by Adriamycin and daunorubicin.

Mouse effector cells isolated from various anatomical sources failed to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against alloantiserum-coated L1210 murine leukemia cell targets, whereas rat spleen cells appeared to be potent mediators of this activity. Following suppression of effector cell function 3 days after a single drug injection, the nylon wool non-adherent population of rat spleen cells from daunorubicin (DM)-treated rats demonstrated an increased ability to mediate ADCC compared to controls. Alternatively, although suppression occurred at day 7, no rebound enhancement was demonstrated by the same cell population isolated from Adriamycin (AM)-treated animals for as long as 12 days post-injection. Natural killer (NK) activity, measured as the ability of the nylon wool non-adherent rat spleen cell population to lyse uncoated L1210 cells, was modulated by drug treatment in a similar manner at each time point although the changes were not significant. In contrast to NK cells for which a substantial amount of activity remained adherent to nylon wool, all K cell activity was found in the non-adherent spleen cell population. The effector cell, in both cases, was not susceptible to antithymocyte serum plus complement treatment; however, NK activity appeared trypsin-sensitive whereas K cell activity did not. Therefore, AM and DM demonstrated different activities with regard toin vivo modulation of antitumoral ADCC.
Stress, Stigma, and Sexual Minority Status: The Intersectional Ecology Model of LGBTQ Health

One of the four overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 is to achieve health equity, eliminate health disparities, and improve the health of all groups, including the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) populations. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a report that drew attention to the unique health disparities experienced by sexual minorities and underscored the need for a comprehensive approach to sexual minority health research. This article proposes a new model of LGBTQ health to help measure, explore, explain, and predict the impact of sexual minority status on health outcomes. The Intersectional Ecology Model of LGBTQ Health (IEM) demonstrates how the relentless hypervigilance of LGBTQ individuals in a heteronormative society impacts health outcomes through the primary vehicles of stigma and chronic, elevated stress. The purpose of the IEM is to guide future research and enhance public health practice for LGBTQ populations.
Simulation of Ratcheting Responses of Elbow Piping Components

Ratcheting damage accumulation in piping components may occur under repeated reversals of loading induced by earthquakes, mechanical and thermal operating conditions, and other extreme loading conditions. Ratcheting damage accumulation can cause failure of structures through fatigue cracks or plastic collapse. A major challenge in structural mechanics is the prediction of ratcheting responses of structures under various cyclic loading conditions. Accurate prediction of ratcheting-fatigue and ratcheting-collapse of elbow components is imperative in order to incorporate the ratcheting related failures into the ASME design Code in a rational manner. This would require predictions of both local (stress-strain) and global (load-deflection) responses simultaneously. Towards achieving this goal, a set of experimental responses of elbow piping components is developed. Advanced cyclic plasticity models, such as, modified Chaboche, Ohno-Wang, modified Ohno-Wang and Abdel Karim-Ohno, are implemented into ANSYS for simulating the experimental responses. Results from the experimental and simulation studies are presented in order to demonstrate the state of structural ratcheting response simulation by these models.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Recurrent Infective Endocarditis in a Drug Addict: Multiple Separate Episodes in Nine Years

Multiple episodes of documented recurrent infective endocarditis occurred in an habitual drug abuser. The six recurrences represent the largest known number reported in a single patient The case illustrates many characteristics of infective endocarditis and serves to emphasize that recurrent infections are likely if endocarditis risk factors are not eliminated.
Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism

This series aims to meet a fundamental need in the study of religions, namely that for new, reliable translations of major texts. Each volume in the series covers a wide range of literature, including liturgy and legend, folklore and faith, mysticism and modern thought, political issues, poetry and popular writings. Attention is paid to daily religious life as exemplified in worship or in law, as well as to great movements of thought. The translations are accompanied by generous annotation, glosses, and explanations, thus providing valuable aids to understanding the special character of each religion.
Futility Beyond CPR: The Case of Dialysis

The modern debate on whether—and why—physicians and hospitals can refuse patient or family demands for treatment on grounds of “futility” will be reaching its 20 anniversary this year (Blackhall, 1987). The early debate focused on the use of CPR, for good historical and clinical reasons, and CPR probably remains the primary target of hospital policy. But the reach of the arguments over futility extends well beyond this context, most vividly illustrated by the case of Helga Wanglie and the many commentaries it spawned (Brody, 1998; Schneiderman, 1998; Trotter, 1999). There seems no obvious reason in principle that questions about futility cannot be raised about virtually any form of treatment that patients or families might demand, including such things as chemotherapy for cancer (Tomlinson, 2001). Still, we might fairly ask what new dimensions and complexities the futility question acquires when it moves onto decisions about treatments other than CPR. This is what I would like to do in this essay. I will use dialysis as the case in point, although I hope to extract lessons from the dialysis example that will be pertinent to other forms of life-sustaining treatment, like ventilators.
Presence of endogenous ent-kaurene in a microsomal preparation from Cucurbita maxima L. endosperm and implications for kinetic studies of ent-kaurene oxidase

Microsomal and soluble cell-free extracts prepared from liquid endosperm of Cucurbita maxima L. were found to contain high concentrations of endogenous ent-kaurene and ent-kaurenol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-chemical ionization with deuterated internal standards. Increases in the levels of ent-kaurenol, ent-kaurenoic acid, and ent-7α-hydroxykaurenoic acid are correlated with a decline in the amount of endogenous ent-kaurene following a 10 min incubation of microsomes with NADPH and FAD. The rate of oxidation of radiolabeled ent-kaurene by the microsomal fraction was determined, and the need to account for endogenous substrate is shown. Endogenous ent-kaurene present in soluble extracts had the effect of diluting the [14C]ent-kaurene synthesized from [14C]mevalonic acid, resulting in reduced specific radioactivity of the product. The dilution of [14C]ent-kaurene was more pronounced in extracts with higher endogenous ent-kaurene levels or when the reactions were run in the presence of O2 and NADPH. Evidence is presented that suggests differential metabolism of endogenous ent-kaurene and radiolabeled ent-kaurene in both microsomal and soluble extracts.
Perturbation theory for the decay rate of eigenfunctions in the generalized $N$-body problem

Simple examples are known where eigenfunctions decay faster than the usual upper bounds would lead one to believe. We develop aspects of the perturbation theory of the decay rate of eigenfunctions as measured by radial exponential weights. We show that generically (in a Baire category sense) eigenfunction decay rates are governed by the lowest threshold.
Response of Forage Chicory Seedlings to Available Soil Phosphorus in Two Soils in a Controlled Environment

Poor phosphorus (P) fertility is a problem limiting productivity on unimproved Appalachian soils and has been implicated in poor palatability of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Three cultivars were grown in a greenhouse at varying soil P levels in Gilpin and Hagerstown silt loam soils and harvested 48 and 77 days after planting. In Gilpin soil, available soil P (ASP) was positively associated with dry shoot mass, leaf mass, leaf area, and leaves per plant and negatively associated with specific leaf area. In Hagerstown soil, ASP was positively associated only with only dry shoot and leaf mass. At equivalent ASP levels, dry shoot and leaf mass, leaf area, and shoot concentrations of P, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were always greater in Hagerstown than Gilpin soil, whereas specific leaf area was less. Equalization of ASP concentration and environmental conditions did not eliminate growth-limiting differences between Gilpin and Hagerstown soils for chicory.
Increased metabolic rate without thyroid participation on injection of rats with pituitary erythropoietic fractions.

Summary1. Erythropoietically active pituitary preparations increased the metabolic rate of hypophysectomized rats to normal levels with little or no stimulation of the thyroids. 2. A potent thyrotrophic preparation was less effective in increasing oxygen consumption than the erythropoietic factor. 3. The erythropoietic factor increased the caloric output to normal levels in rats in which all functional thyroid tissue had been destroyed.
Rejection of spurious counts arising from electrical noise

Abstract A description is given of a method for eliminating spurious counts arising from electrical noise.
Allocation of attention and practice in the production of time intervals.

During a baseline trial, participants attempted to produce a 60-sec. interval while working at either a simple tracing task or others that involved mirror-tracing. Subsequent practice with the assigned task, expected to reduce the need for allocation of attention to mirror-tracing for those groups, produced predictable effects on a second trial of duration producing. Those performing mirror-tracing reduced production times on the post-practice trial, while those performing simple tracing showed no change after practice. These results are interpreted within the attentional allocation model of estimation of prospective duration. Language: en
Abstracting Modern FCCMs To Provide a Single Interface to Architectural Resources

Mainstream processor architectures and field programmable custom computing machines (FCCMs) are colliding towards a heterogeneous system on chip architecture. This is apparent from Intel and AMD efforts to create new chip architectures with various processing cores focusing on DSP, networking, and graphics. From the embedded processor research, system-on-chips connected by network on chips have allowed scalable architectures with a variety of processing cores connected by an onchip network. In this paper we examine several scheduling and allocation policies that can be utilized across network on chip architectures regardless of the processing cores onchip. By abstracting characteristics of the processing cores with various scheduling data structures, any heterogeneous system on a chip can be allocated and scheduled dynamically.
8.4: Terahertz sheet beam gun analyzer

Experimentally characterizing actual micron sized sheet beams is essential to the development of terahertz sheet beam guns and devices. We have tested a terahertz sheet beam gun and produced 3D electron beam density plots. The terahertz sheet beam analyzer was designed to automatically collect high resolution scan data using LabVIEW software. The collected data were plotted to show the electron current density profile and size of the sheet beam.
Environmental Influence on Yolk Steroids in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

The egg yolk serves as a significant source of maternally derived steroids that are available to the embryo during early development. Altered deposition of yolk steroids can change the developmental trajectory of the embryo and have long lasting or permanent consequences. Alligators from contaminated environments have shown significant reproductive and developmental dysfunction, and it is unclear if altered deposition of yolk steroids could be a contributing factor. Alligator eggs were collected from Lake Woodruff (a reference lake), Lake Apopka (a site of known agricultural contamination), and the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) (home of the Kennedy Space Center and a site of heavy metal contamination). The yolks of eggs at embryonic stages 12 (prior to sex determination) and 24 (post-sex determination) were evaluated for concentrations of progesterone, 17-beta estradiol, and testosterone. Yolk concentrations of progesterone were significantly lower at embryonic stage 12 in eggs from Lake Apopka and MINWR when compared to eggs from Lake Woodruff. Yolk concentrations of 17-beta estradiol were significantly lower at embryonic stage 12 in eggs from MINWR when compared to the other two sites. Reductions in yolk 17-beta estradiol concentrations from embryonic stage 12 to 24 were significantly attenuated in eggs from MINWR versus that of Lakes Woodruff and Apopka. This study suggests that altered deposition of yolk steroids, and possibly differential utilization by the embryo, could be a contributory mechanism in the reproductive and developmental abnormalities seen in alligators from contaminated locales.
An introduction to simulation modeling

This paper offers an introductory overview of discrete simulation, with emphasis on the simulation modeling process rather than on any specific simulation package. Examples are used to demonstrate the application of the methodology at each step of the process. An extensive list of additional readings is given for the reader who wishes to deepen his/her knowledge in a specific area.
Exciton transport in disordered crystals: velocity correlation functions☆

The two-particle coherent-potential approximation is used to calculate Frenkel-exciton group-vc we obtained explicit expressions for the site occupation probabilities and mean-squared displacement and presented a sample calculation of the (long-time) exciton diffusion constant_ In the present work, we use this approach to calculate time-dependent transport properties. These are important since they determine the time scales on which the diffusion approximation 1s valid, and provide information about the mechanism of relaxation into the diffusive regime. We fix our attention upon the configuration-averaged velocity autocorrelation function, a quantity which is easily calculated at this level of approximation and which allows us to make contact with the extensive analytical, numerical, and intuitive experience developed by workers in classical statistical dynamics over the past three decades. Our present purpose is primarily theoretical: we discuss very detailed dynamic effects which would be difficult or impossible to measure with present experimental techniques, while neglectmg phenomena such as phonon scattering which are crucially important in the actual systems. Nevertheless, we believe that our results have experimental significance in that they allow one to quantify statements about the roles of band and hopping transport such as that given above. In the last section of this paper we describe an ad-hoc scheme for combining these results with pure-crystal exciton-phonon data to yield a more realistic and useful description.
Multirate filter designs using comb filters

Results on multistage multirate digital filter design indicate most of the stages can be designed to control aliasing with only slight regard for the passband which is controlled by a single stage compensator. Because of this, the aliasing controlling stages can be made very simple. This paper considers comb filter structures for decimators and interpolators in multistage structures. Design procedures are developed and examples shown that have a very low multiplication rate, very few filter coefficients, low storage requirements, and a simple structure.
Aphid response to elevated ozone and CO2

Numerous reports indicate that pollution stress caused by sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxies of nitrogen or fluorides promote aphid growth on herbaceous and woody plants. At SO2 exposures, the response curve of aphids is bell-shaped having the peak at 100 ppb. This curvilinear response is related to physiological stress responses of host plants exposed to pollutants. On the other hand, observations of aphid performance on ozone-exposed (O3) or elevated carbon dioxide-exposed (CO2) plants have given very variable results. Depending on the duration and concentration of O3 or elevated CO2 exposure or the age of the exposed plants, aphid growth on the same plants either decreased or increased in comparison to growth on control plants grown in filtered air. The results of these studies suggest that there is no general air pollution-induced plant stress that triggers aphid outbreaks on plants. Plants grown in elevated CO2 usually have higher C/N ratios than plants grown in current ambient CO2 atmosphere. A reduced proportion of nitrogen in the plant foliage decreases growth of chewing herbivorous insects, but the few studies of elevated CO2 effects on sucking insects such as aphids have not yielded similar consistent effects. The present paper reviews recent studies of elevated CO2 effects on aphids and discusses the effects of combined elevated O3 and CO2 exposures on aphid performance on woody plants using pine and birch aphids as examples.
Isolation of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in A549 and MRC-5 Cell Cultures

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) has been diagnosed either serologically or by virus isolation. Until now, the recovery of EEE virus has been delegated to reference laboratories with the expertise and resources needed to amplify the virus in a susceptible vertebrate host andlor to isolate and identify the virus in cell culture. We report a case in which EEE virus was recovered directly from a patient's cerebrospinal fluid in A549 and MRC-5 cell cultures. Many clinical virology laboratories routinely use these cells to recover adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and enterovirus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of EEE virus in A549 cell culture. This report demonstrates the possibility of recovery of EEE virus in cell culture without the necessity of bioamplification or maintaining unusual cell lines.
From Data Independence to Knowledge Independence: An on-going Story

It is today widely accepted that “Business Rules Independence” is required for information systems to better and more rapidly adjust to changes in the business environment, This paper’ attempts to articulate how logic based database systems provide adequate technology for better “Business Rules Independence”. These systems do so by going beyond “Data Independence” and by providing “Knowledge Independence”. This paper benefits from the experience gained in developing and marketing the VALIDITY deductive and object-oriented database system during the last few years. Current applications and specific data management techniques to be used are discussed.
Science and Engineering of Graphene Oxide

Functional and synthesis diversity of graphene oxide (GO) has led to various fundamental and applied scientific explorations. GO can be viewed as an in-plane, hybrid 2D lattice consisting of sp2 and sp3 carbon regions. Engineering the type and distribution of sp3 regions can tune the physical properties of resultant GO. This article reviews the development in the field of GO since the 19th century, with a thorough discussion on its status after the discovery of graphene in last decade. Detailed structure, optical properties, electrochemical behavior, and its viability for biological applications are discussed from both a scientific and technological perspective and a future outlook for GO research is presented.
Pretreatment 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and durability of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Introduction: Emerging evidence supports an immunologic role for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we examined if pretreatment vitamin D status influences durability of anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α therapy in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: All IBD patients who had plasma 25(OH)D level checked <3 months prior to initiating anti–TNF-α therapy were included in this retrospective single-center cohort study. Our main predictor variable was insufficient plasma 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL). Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders was used to identify the independent effect of pretreatment vitamin D on biologic treatment cessation. Results: Our study included 101 IBD patients (74 CD; median disease duration 9 years). The median index 25(OH)D level was 27 ng/mL (interquartile range, 20–33 ng/mL). One-third of the patients had prior exposure to anti–TNF-α therapy. On multivariate analysis, patients with insufficie...
Some comments on the wear and friction behavior of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics

The frictional and wear behavior of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix have been investigated by means of tribological data and microscopy. Particularly the effect of sliding velocity, fiber content, and wear mechanism on the wear rate and friction coefficient has been studied. The observed data have been correlated with the wear and friction equation to test the validity of recent models qualitatively. The microstructural sequence of adhesive wear has also been investigated by means of the scanning electron microscopy. The effect of sliding velocity on wear rate is considered theoretically.
A 0.003-mm2, 0.35-V, 82-pJ/conversion ultra-low power CMOS all digital temperature sensor for on-die thermal management

In this paper, a 0.35 V, 82 pJ/conversion ring oscillator based ultra-low power CMOS all digital temperature sensor is presented for on-die thermal management. We utilize subthreshold circuit operation to reduce power and adopt an all-digital architecture, consisting of only standard digital gates. Additionally, a linearization technique is proposed to correct the nonlinear characteristics of subthreshold MOSFETs. A bulk-driven 1-bit gated digitally controlled oscillator is designed for the temperature sensing node. Also, a 1-bit time-to-digital converter is employed in order to double the fine effective resolution of the sensor. The proposed digital temperature sensor has been designed in a 90-nm regular V T CMOS process. After a two-point calibration, the sensor has a maximum error of ?0.68 to +0.61 °C over the operating temperature range from 0 to 100 °C, while the effective resolution reaches 0.069 °C/LSB. Under a supply voltage of 0.35 V, the power dissipation is only 820 nW with the conversion rate of 10K samples/s at room temperature. Also, the sensor occupies a small area of 0.003 mm2.
Stable isotopes in barnacles as a tool to understand green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) regional movement patterns

Abstract. Sea turtles are migratory animals that travel long distances between their feeding and breeding grounds. Traditional methods for researching sea turtle migratory behavior have important disadvantages, and the development of alternatives would enhance our ability to monitor and manage these globally endangered species. Here we report on the isotope signatures in green sea-turtle (Chelonia mydas) barnacles (Platylepas sp.) and discuss their potential relevance as tools with which to study green sea turtle migration and habitat use patterns. We analyzed oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios in barnacle calcite layers from specimens collected from green turtles captured at the Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (PANWR) in the central Pacific. Carbon isotopes were not informative in this study. However, the oxygen isotope results suggest likely regional movement patterns when mapped onto a predictive oxygen isotope map of the Pacific. Barnacle proxies could therefore complement other methods in understanding regional movement patterns, informing more effective conservation policy that takes into account connectivity between populations.
A Critique of Diffuse Double Layer Models Applied to Colloid and Surface Chemistry

The use of Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory in colloid science has con- tinued to the present day in spite of the inability of this theory to explain, even qualitatively, numerous phenomena exhibited by clays and other colloidal materials. An alternative description of the fundamental forces involved in the formation of dispersions and gels was presented in 1938 by Langmuir, but was never widely accepted among colloid scientists. Recent experimental and theoretical work, particularly in Japan, has revived this alternative view, in which a long-range Coulombic attraction force appears to explain several phenomena, particularly transitions among ordered and disordered phases of colloidal particles in dilute salt solutions. Examples are given from surface chemistry where rather complex models based on diffuse double layer theory are used to explain chemical adsorption behavior that often has a simpler explanation. It is argued that the rule of parsimony (Ockham's Razor) should be applied to complex models that appear to explain the data at hand before such models are taken to be generally valid. A satisfactory fit of model predictions to experimental data obtained under a very limited range of conditions does not prove the validity of the model. Thus, it is concluded that the DLVO theory and its modifications fail to meet the 2 criteria necessary to the acceptance of a theory: agreement with observations and simplicity.
Learning Is Not Education

Researchers and policymakers speak more often now about ‘learning’ than they do about ‘teaching.’ In this chapter, I explore what is beneficial, and what is concerning, about the shift of focus from the teacher’s perspective to the learner’s perspective. However, a theory of learning is not sufficient to support a wider conception of education, because learning must be enacted to be worthwhile and because the factors that go into shaping when learning is enacted go beyond matters that can be said to have been learnedthemselves. A wider conception of education needs to consider these other factors. This examination has implications for questions of teaching and how to evaluate it, for thinking about learning outcomes and whether and how they can be ‘measured,’ and for the normative elements and judgments that must go into any wider conception of ‘education.’
DETERMINATION OF AVALANCHE DYNAMICS FRICTION COEFFICIENTS FROM MEASURED SPEEDS

An avalanche dynamics model, appropriate for com­ plex terrain, for real avalanche pat.hs was developed by Per1a, Cheng and ~lcClung in 1930. The model has two friction terms, one for sliding friction which is independent of speed, and one for turbulent friction which is propor tional to V2, where V is the centre­ of-mass speed along the incline. B y i ntroduc ing speed maxima for avalanches, along with start and stop reference positions, it i s possible to determine the the t\~O constant fri cti on coeffi ci ents for the model. When this is done, it is found that speed data often exceed a model speed limit implied by the application of V = 0 at the start and stop positions. This effect is illustrated by analytic solutions of the relevant equati ons, as well as numerical solutions for actual avalanche paths. Some limitations and properties of the fundamental model ling are outlined and suggest­ ions given for future use of such models.
Wisteria: nurturing scalable data cleaning infrastructure

Analysts report spending upwards of 80% of their time on problems in data cleaning. The data cleaning process is inherently iterative, with evolving cleaning workflows that start with basic exploratory data analysis on small samples of dirty data, then refine analysis with more sophisticated/expensive cleaning operators (e.g., crowdsourcing), and finally apply the insights to a full dataset. While an analyst often knows at a logical level what operations need to be done, they often have to manage a large search space of physical operators and parameters. We present Wisteria, a system designed to support the iterative development and optimization of data cleaning workflows, especially ones that utilize the crowd. Wisteria separates logical operations from physical implementations, and driven by analyst feedback, suggests optimizations and/or replacements to the analyst's choice of physical implementation. We highlight research challenges in sampling, in-flight operator replacement, and crowdsourcing. We overview the system architecture and these techniques, then provide a demonstration designed to showcase how Wisteria can improve iterative data analysis and cleaning. The code is available at: http://www.sampleclean.org.
The Development of Coarse Spaces for Domain Decomposition Algorithms

The importance of using coarse components, and thus at least one additional level, in the design of domain decomposition methods has been understood for at least twenty years. For many problems of interest, such a device, which provides at least a minimal amount of global transfer of information in each step, is necessary in order to obtain convergence rates which are independent of the number of subdomains. An historical overview, colored by the scientific history of its author, is given of the development of such coarse components of the domain decomposition algorithms. These algorithms are all preconditioned conjugate gradient methods or they are accelerated by using some alternative Krylov space method. The preconditioners are built from solvers of the given problem restricted to subdomains and a coarse approximation which often can be quite exotic.
Malcolm H. Chisholm (1945–2015)

Malcolm H. Chisholm, Distinguished Professor of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at The Ohio State University, passed away on November 20, 2015. He is best known for his pioneering work on the chemistry of metal-metal multiple bonds, the molecular and electronic structure and bonding of transition-metal compounds, and the exploration of excited states of complexes with metal-metal quadruple bonds.
RECUV the University of Colorado's Research and Engineering Center for Unmanned Vehicles

The Research and Engineering Center for Unmanned Vehicles (RECUV) draws faculty and students from several departments of the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences. The Center addresses technical challenges in a collaborative environment that integrates the traditional aerospace engineering disciplines of aerodynamics, structures, navigation, control, and vehicle design with telecommunications, networks, robotics, and security. The design, development, and deployment of ad hoc communications and sensor networks with mobility enabled by a variety of vehicles is a current focus. In addition to basic vehicle design, research is focused on collective capabilities and emergent behaviors obtained through loose control, cooperation, and collaboration to address a multitude of civil, commercial, military, and homeland defense applications.
Technical note: Mineralogical, chemical, morphological, and opticalinterrelationships of mineral dust re-suspensions

Abstract. This paper promotes an understanding of the mineralogical, chemical, and physical interrelationships of re-suspended mineral dusts collected as grab samples from global dust sources. Surface soils were collected from arid regions, including the southwestern USA, Mali, Chad, Morocco, Canary Islands, Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Serbia, China, Namibia, Botswana, Australia, and Chile. The ® membrane and quartz fiber filters for chemical analysis and Nuclepore ® filters for individual particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 75,
Do Our Means of Inquiry Match our Intentions

A key stage of the scientific method is the analysis of data, yet despite the variety of methods that are available to researchers they are most frequently distilled to a model that focuses on the average relation between variables. Although research questions are frequently conceived with broad inquiry in mind, most regression methods are limited in comprehensively evaluating how observed behaviors are related to each other. Quantile regression is a largely unknown yet well-suited analytic technique similar to traditional regression analysis, but allows for a more systematic approach to understanding complex associations among observed phenomena in the psychological sciences. Data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988/2000 are used to illustrate how quantile regression overcomes the limitations of average associations in linear regression by showing that psychological well-being and sex each differentially relate to reading achievement depending on one's level of reading achievement.
A Fistful of Yojimbo: Appropriation and Dialogue in Japanese Cinema

There are many ways to read the relationship between a film and its remake: in terms of fidelity, imitation, plagiarism, appropriation, or other enactments of power. For the most part, such models rely on a binary system to analyse the relationship between two films in isolation from their surroundings. In this chapter I wish to examine such a relationship in terms of a wider model of understanding, based on possibilities of dialogue with a wider film genre. The case study will be the relationship between Akira Kurosawa’s film Yojimbo (Y¯ojimb¯o 1961) and Sergio Leone’s remake, A Fistful of Dollars (Per un Pugno di Dollari 1964).1 The two films themselves are very well known. Akira Kurosawa (1910–1998) made Yojimbo because he had always wanted to make a movie in the Western genre after the style of John Ford, whose movies he had seen as a child. Sergio Leone (1929–1989) was electrified by Yojimbo and made his own version starring Clint Eastwood, a relative unknown. Both films broke box-office records, inspired sequels and made huge stars of their main actors, Toshir¯o Mifune and Eastwood.
Clinical Applications of Principle 1: Unconscious Processing

This chapter discusses the clinical applications of Principle 1: Unconscious Processing. It begins with a brief history of unconscious processing. The concept of unconscious processing was commonly discussed in Europe before Freud discovered it. Additional facts about Freud are presented. Reasons to transition psychology from a conscious-centric to an unconscious-centric science are presented. Clinical implications of unconscious processing include simultaneous processing, non-rational processing, automatic feelings, Gendlin’s focusing therapy, and a better understanding of how emotions distort cognitions. Contemporary therapies are evaluated regarding the extent to which they entail unconscious processing. The strong prediction by psychodynamic therapy that untreated unconscious motives will necessarily result in symptom substitution is elaborated and falsified. Methods to assess unconscious processing are discussed. They include the implicit association test, the emotional Stroop (e-Stroop) test, the dot-probe task, and priming tasks. Insight as psychological mindedness is discussed. Alexithymia and psychological mindedness are shown to form a bipolar construct. The relevance of this construct to eating disorders, personality disorders, autism, non-suicidal self-injury, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and general adjustment is discussed. The mirror neuron system is identified as the biological basis of empathy. The Gandhi neuron system is also considered.
Patterns of recurrence in oral tongue cancer with perineural invasion

Background Although perineural invasion (PNI) is recognized as an adverse prognostic factor in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the patterns of failure are poorly defined. Methods Patients with oral tongue SCC who received primary surgical treatment were identified. Specimens were reviewed by head and neck pathologists. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) were calculated. The PNI and PNI characteristics were analyzed as predictors of outcome. The utility of grading the extent of PNI was assessed by quantifying the number of PNI foci per slide reviewed, nerve caliber, and percent circumference involved. Results Patients with PNI had a decreased DSS; however, PNI was not predictive of LRFS or RRFS. Patients with PNI were more likely to develop a distant recurrence and 19.40 (confidence interval [CI] 6.70-56.14; P 1. Conclusion The presence of PNI in oral tongue SCC predicts worse DSS, with distant recurrence as the most common pattern of failure. High PNI foci density is associated with worse DRFS.
Fibonacci Series with Several Parameters

In this paper, we introduce higher order difference operator and its inverse by which we obtain x-Fibonacci sequence and its series with several theorems and results. Suitable examples verified by MATLAB are provided to illustrate our main results.
Benthic Invertebrate Fauna, Tropical Stream Ecosystems

The invertebrate fauna of tropical stream ecosystems have been poorly studied. Although tropical ecosystems are often considered to have higher diversity compared to Temperate Zones, stream ecologists debate this trend for benthic invertebrates; a general assertion being that tropical stream ecosystems need intensive research attention before there is an established conclusion. Despite the paucity of tropical studies, it has been fairly well established that several groups of macroinvertebrates tend to be more common in tropical regions: polychaete worms, prosobranch snails, and freshwater shrimps and crabs. Further, several of these invertebrate macrofauna (e.g., neritid snails and atyid shrimps) have complex life cycles that sometimes include requisite dispersal to and from estuarine habitats; however, this is often related to stream size. Many cosmopolitan insect taxa have shorter life cycles, often with multiple overlapping generations, when found in tropical regions of the world. It is also argued that many of the insect shredder functional groups have been replaced with the large, macroconsumer crustacea (e.g., crabs and shrimps) that are common in tropical stream ecosystems of the world. Most tropical invertebrate information has come from small, wadeable streams, emphasizing additional research priorities to include benthic communities in large tropical rivers.
Knee stability following anterior cruciate ligament rupture and surgery. The contribution of irreducible tibial subluxation.

Background: Knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is generally determined by measuring total anteroposterior tibial motion. In spite of a decrease in excessive anteroposterior tibial motion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, problems can still develop. In the p
Measurement implications associated with refinement of sexual and gender identity survey items: A case study of the National College Health Assessment

Objective: To quantitatively measure psychometric impact associated with changes to sexual and gender identity survey questions included on the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). Participan...