cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localisation of stationary objects using passive RFID technology

Localisation of objects is an innovative application of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The combination of localisation and identification capabilities provides tremendous opportunities for industry. This paper presents a study on localisation using passive RFID technology. By calibrating the propagation of radio frequency (RF) signals, we develop empirical models on readcount as a function of the distance and orientation between the antenna and the tag. Thereafter we conduct experiments to study the applicability of three widely-used localisation algorithms, namely, triangulation, near-neighbour, and Bayesian inference, for passive RFID localisation. Finally, we briefly compare three algorithms in terms of localisation error, computation time, and deployability. It is discovered that all algorithms perform reasonably well, and no algorithms actually outperform others.
Economic Analysis of Secondary Trial Data

Clinical trials may furnish data to conduct economic analyses. An economic analysis requires us to identify all opportunity costs associated with the intervention over the time horizon chosen for the analysis and enumerate the improvements in benefits from the intervention of interest. We review the basic steps used when performing economic studies based on secondary analysis of data from clinical trials using examples from myocardial infarction studies. Different types of economic analyses and the potential contributions of Markov modeling are described. Issues of measuring quality of life, patient utilities, cost of care, and potential sources of cost data are reviewed. The interpretation of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios is discussed and economic benchmarks for defining good and poor value interventions are provided.
The regulatory role of Mg2+ on rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase.

Abstract The stimulation of phosphorylase kinase by Mg2+ was studied. Both the nonactivated and activated kinases are stimulated by Mg2+ at concentrations that are 100- to 200-fold greater than ATP. This stimulation is observed at both pH 6.8 and 8.2 and results in a 10-fold increase in the activity of the nonactivated kinase. Mg2+ stimulation is additive with that observed by calmodulin. Both the Ca2+-dependent and -independent activities of the kinase are stimulated by high [Mg2+]. Kinetically this stimulation can be explained by a decrease in the Km for both phosphorylase b and ATP or an increase in V. The pH 6.8 8.2 ratio (0.06) is unaffected by [Mg2+] between 5 and 20 m m , but increases when [Mg2+] is less than 5 m m or greater than 20 m m . The stimulation by high [Mg2+] is explained by a direct effect of this cation on the kinase molecule rather than on its protein substrate, phosphorylase. This activating effect of high [Mg2+] does not result in any permanent change in the kinase molecule and can be readily reversed by diluting [Mg2+] to a low value.
The effects of milrinone in the neonatal pig heart

Milrinone, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE), was examined in neonatal hearts and in ventricular myocytes. Isolated, paced (180 beats/min), isovolumically beating hearts from pigs, <3 days of age, were perfused with an erythrocyte-enriched solution. In one group (control, n=6), milrinone was studied at perfusate concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μg/ml. In a second group (postischemia, n=10), hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of no-flow ischemic arrest, prior to the addition of milrinone. Left ventricular peak systolic pressure (PSP) and end-diastolic pressure, coronary flow (CF), heart rate (HR), and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were measured. The PSP averaged ∼100 mmHg during the baseline periods for both groups and decreased to ∼85 mmHg in those hearts subjected to ischemic arrest. In both groups, PSP increased ∼14% at the 1μg/ml concentration of milrinone. No additional increases in PSP were observed in the control group at the higher concentrations. However, PSP increased 28% and 41% (p<0.05), in the postischemia group at the 10 and 100 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. The CF averaged ∼3 ml/min/g during the baseline periods of both groups and increased significantly at each milrinone concentration. The HR in both groups increased to ∼200 and ∼250 beats/min at the 10 and 100 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. Additionally, milrinone's effects in intact hearts were found to be comparable to those of isobutylmethyl xanthine (IBMX), a nonspecific PDE inhibitor. In isolated myocytes, however, milrinone produced only modest increases in cAMP levels, compared to IBMX. We conclude that milrinone has positive inotropic, coronary vasodilatory, and chronotropic effects in the neonatal pig heart. In particular, milrinone also was capable of reversing the contractile dysfunction that resulted when these immature hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of normothermic, no-flow ischemic arrest. Thus, milrinone may be a useful agent in the treatment of neonates with contractile dysfunction.
Ultrawide Bandwidth (UWB) Planar Monopole Antenna Backed by Novel Pyramidal-Shaped Cavity Providing Directional Radiation Patterns

An ultrawideband (UWB) coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed pentagon-shaped planar monopole antenna (PMA) backed by a novel pyramidal-shaped cavity is presented that provides directional radiation patterns. The pyramidal-shaped cavity reflector is placed at a fixed spacing from the UWB monopole antenna to provide impedance and radiation performance over 110% (3.1-10.6 GHz) frequency band. The PMA itself on a foam substrate provides stable gain variation within 3 dB over an impedance bandwidth (w.r.t. S11 <; -10 dB) of 120% (3-12 GHz). The proposed cavity-backed PMA prototype antenna was fabricated, and experimental verification was performed for impedance matching and radiation patterns. The measured results show reasonable agreement with the simulated ones.
Evaluation and Management of Postpartum Urinary Retention

Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) is a clinically significant problem for women after delivery. Despite the large body of literature that covers this topic, PUR is not a clearly defined or well understood condition. The aim of this review article is to provide a better understanding of the risk factors and pathophysiology that contribute to the development of PUR. We provide a framework with which to evaluate and manage PUR. Meticulous attention to bladder care combined with early detection are key elements in minimizing PUR.
Incorporating ecological knowledge into ecoinformatics: An example of modeling hierarchically structured aquatic communities with neural networks

Abstract The field of ecoinformatics is concerned with gaining a greater understanding of complex ecological systems. Many ecoinformatic tools, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), can shed important insights into the complexities of ecological data through pattern recognition and prediction; however, we argue that ecological knowledge has been used in a very limited fashion to shape the manner in which these approaches are applied. The present study provides a simple example of using ecological theory to better direct the use of neural networks to address a fundamental question in aquatic ecology—how are local stream macroinvertebrate communities structured by a hierarchy of environmental factors operating at multiple spatial scales? Using data for 195 sites in the western United States, we developed single-scale, multi-scale and hierarchical multi-scale neural networks relating EPT (Orders: E phermeroptera, P lecoptera, T richoptera) richness to environmental variables quantified at 3 spatial scales: entire watershed, valley bottom (100s–1000s m), and local stream reach (10s–100s m). Results showed that models based on multiple spatial scales greatly outperformed single-scale analyses ( R = 0.74 vs. R¯ = 0.51) and that a hierarchical ANN, which accounts for the fact that valley- and watershed-scale drivers influence local characteristics of the stream reach, provided greater insight into how environmental factors interact across nested spatial scales than did the non-hierarchical multi-scale model. Our analysis suggests that watershed drivers play a greater role in structuring local macroinvertebrate assemblages via their direct effects on local-scale habitats, whereas they play a much smaller indirect role through their influence on valley-scale characteristics. For the hierarchical model, the strongest predictors of EPT richness included descriptors of climate, land-use and hydrology at the watershed scale, land-use at the valley scale, and substrate characteristics and riparian cover at the reach scale. In summary, our results highlight the importance of incorporating environmental hierarchies to better understand and predict local patterns of macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in stream ecosystems. More generally, our case study serves to emphasize how incorporating prior ecological knowledge into ANN model structure can strengthen the relevance of ecoinformatic techniques for the broader scientific community.
A fast static scheduling algorithm for DAGs on an unbounded number of processors

Sche duling parallel tasks on an unbounded number of completely connected processors when communica­ tion overhead is taken into account is NP-complete. Assuming that task duplication is not allowed, we pro­ pose a fast heuristi c algorithm, called the dominant sequence clustering algorithm (DS C), for this sche dul­ ing problem. The DSC algorithm is superior to sev­ eral other algorithms from the literature in terms of both computational comple 'JJ ity and parallel time. We present e'JJ perimental results for scheduling general di­ rected acyclic task graphs (DAGs) and compare the perf ormance of several algorithms. Moreover, we show that DSC is optimum for spec ial classes of DAGs such as join, fork and coarse grain tree graphs.
Knowledge and attitudes in Puerto Rico concerning dengue prevention

OBJECTIVE: Dengue has been endemic in Puerto Rico for three decades. Multiple educational and community-based efforts have been developed to inform the population about dengue prevention. We undertook this study to understand the community members' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dengue prevention and to elicit their ideas for future prevention campaigns. METHODS: A qualitative study based on grounded theory analysis was conducted between February and May of 2001. The study involved a total of 34 participants in four group interviews who had been identified through the Puerto Rico dengue surveillance system. RESULTS: In general, participants had correct knowledge about dengue prevention, but they did not associate the mosquitoes inside their houses with Aedes aegypti. Participants insisted that "neighbors" needed to control larval habitats, and the participants also asked the Government to fumigate. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of knowledge and opinion that emerged in the discussions can be arranged along an axis going from high levels of correct knowledge to low levels of correct knowledge about dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever and related practices. There were few participants at either extreme. Three themes explained these patterns: misconceptions about dengue (based on previously delivered information), the "invisibility" of dengue (as compared to other diseases), and responsibility (individual and Government). Four strategies for preventive behaviors were recommended: developing community groups to identify community priorities on prevention, developing volunteer groups to deliver prevention messages, making house visits to demonstrate specific control measures, and conducting a complementary media campaign to support these strategies.
Fanconi Anemia Proteins FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG/XRCC9 Interact in a Functional Nuclear Complex

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive cancer susceptibility syndrome with at least eight complementation groups (A to H). Three FA genes, corresponding to complementation groups A, C, and G, have been cloned, but their cellular function remains unknown. We have previously demonstrated that the FANCA and FANCC proteins interact and form a nuclear complex in normal cells, suggesting that the proteins cooperate in a nuclear function. In this report, we demonstrate that the recently cloned FANCG/XRCC9 protein is required for binding of the FANCA and FANCC proteins. Moreover, the FANCG protein is a component of a nuclear protein complex containing FANCA and FANCC. The amino-terminal region of the FANCA protein is required for FANCG binding, FANCC binding, nuclear localization, and functional activity of the complex. Our results demonstrate that the three cloned FA proteins cooperate in a large multisubunit complex. Disruption of this complex results in the specific cellular and clinical phenotype common to most FA complementation groups.
Novel regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in rat brown adipose tissue: effects of fasting and caloric restriction during refeeding.

We studied the effects of a 3-day fast and 20 days of refeeding on lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL) in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of sexually mature male rats. Rats were refed either ad libitum or restricted quantities (75 or 50% of normal ad libitum food intake). BAT-LPL, expressed on a per depot basis, decreased with fasting and returned to control values by day 3 of refeeding ad libitum. In contrast, refeeding restricted quantities for 5 to 20 days limited regain of body weight and increased BAT-LPL significantly above the values observed in rats refed ad libitum. These adaptations in BAT-LPL activity differ markedly from those observed in rat white adipose tissue or heart muscle and may serve to increase the supply of fatty acids from circulating lipoproteins for BAT metabolic needs and maintenance of thermogenesis during undernutrition. J. Nutr. 113: 1870-1874, 1983. INDEXING KEYWORDS brown adipose tissue . lipoprotein lipase ing-refeeding â€¢ food restriction. fast-
Cue- versus Probe-dependent Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Contextual Remembering

Functional neuroimaging comparisons of context and item memory frequently implicate the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the recovery of contextually specific memories. However, because cues and probes are often presented simultaneously, this activity could reflect operations involved in planning retrieval or instead reflect later operations dependent upon the memory probes themselves, such as evaluation of probe-evoked recollections. More importantly, planning-related activity, wherein subjects reinstate details outlining the nature of desired remembrances, should occur in response to contextual memory cues even before retrieval probes are available. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested this by dissociating cue- from probe-related activity during context memory for pictures. Cues forewarning contextual memory demands yielded more activity than those forewarning item memory in the left lateral precentral gyrus, midline superior frontal gyrus, and right frontopolar cortex. Thus, these anticipatory, cue-based activations indicated whether upcoming probe decisions would require contextually specific memories or not. In contrast, the left dorsolateral/midventrolateral and anterior ventrolateral PFC areas did not show differential activity until the probes were actually presented, demonstrating greater activity for context than for item memory probes. Direct comparison of proximal left PFC regions demonstrated qualitatively different response profiles across cue versus probe periods for lateral precentral versus dorsolateral regions. These results potentially isolate contextual memory-planning-related processes from subsequent processes such as the evaluation of recollections, which are necessarily dependent on individual probe features. They also demonstrate that contextual remembering recruits multiple, functionally distinct PFC processes.
Effect of propofol on the medial temporal lobe emotional memory system: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects

Background Subclinical doses of propofol produce anterograde amnesia, characterized by an early failure of memory consolidation. It is unknown how propofol affects the amygdala-dependent emotional memory system, which modulates consolidation in the hippocampus in response to emotional arousal and neurohumoral stress. We present an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of propofol on the emotional memory system in human subjects. Methods Thirty-five healthy subjects were randomized to receive propofol, at an estimated brain concentration of 0.90 μg ml −1 , or placebo. During drug infusion, emotionally arousing and neutral images were presented in a continuous recognition task, while blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation responses were acquired. After a drug-free interval of 2 h, subsequent memory for successfully encoded items was assessed. Imaging analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping and behavioural analysis using signal detection models. Results Propofol had no effect on the stereotypical amygdalar response to emotional arousal, but caused marked suppression of the hippocampal response. Propofol caused memory performance to become uncoupled from amygdalar activation, but it remained correlated with activation in the posterior hippocampus, which decreased in proportion to amnesia. Conclusions Propofol is relatively ineffective at suppressing amygdalar activation at sedative doses, but abolishes emotional modulation and causes amnesia via mechanisms that commonly involve hyporesponsiveness of the hippocampus. These findings raise the possibility that amygdala-dependent fear systems may remain intact even when a patient has diminished memory of events. This may be of clinical importance in the perioperative development of fear-based psychopathologies, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinical trial registration NCT00504894.
Myoelectric Signal Processing: Optimal Estimation Applied to Electromyography - Part II: Experimental Demonstration of Optimal Myoprocessor Performance

This paper (Part II of two) presents an experimental demonstration of the performance achieved by implementing the mathematically derived optimal myoprocessor described in Part I. Almost an order-of-magnitude improvement over the common myoprocessor is obtained. Excellent agreement of the experimental results with the analytical predictions verifies the mathematical analysis. The relative contributions of each stage of the optimal myoprocessor are examined. A discussion and comparison of several existing and proposed techniques for myoprocessor improvement are presented.
Implications of the Debriefing Debate for Research and Clinical Practice

Tuckey (2007) provides a critique of the conceptual and methodological issues surrounding the debriefing debate and offers suggestions for advancing the field. This commentary provides further analysis of the debriefing debate and, in particular, highlights the implications of the debate for both research and clinical practice. The debriefing field may benefit from an examination of personality variables and cultural, ethnic, and gender factors that predict who is at risk for developing posttraumatic difficulties and who is likely to benefit from debriefing. Studies of debriefing that include longer-term follow-up are also necessary. Given that the empirical research base on debriefing is not fully developed, clinicians are encouraged to draw on the findings that are available thus far to guide their decisions related to group debriefing in their clinical practice.
Phase analysis of nonlinear femtosecond pulse propagation and self-frequency shift in optical fibers

Abstract Phase sensitive analysis of femtosecond pulse propagation in optical fibers employing frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) is presented and compared to numerical simulations employing a modified cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). Phase information obtained from deconvolution of the experimental traces allows the observation and characterization of specific pulse propagation features as a function of energy and distance. The experimental observation of the phase signature of a soliton during propagation and the phase properties of the soliton self-frequency shift are described and are found to be in remarkable agreement with the simulations.
Very Early Pregnancy Loss in Adolescent Females: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Conservative Management

Abstract A high index of suspicion and the availability of accurate human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing were useful in the diagnosis and conservative management of very early pregnancies and their spontaneous wastage in a series of 12 adolescent females. The patients who presented to our outpatient adolescent clinic ranged in age from 16 to 19 years, had a median menstrual gestational age of 6.0 weeks, and the majority were unaware that they were pregnant at the time of presentation. The onset of spontaneous vaginal bleeding occurred at a median menstrual gestational age of 6.3 weeks and lasted an average of 8.8 days. Eight patients had one or more sexually transmitted diseases at their initial visit. Nine patients were primigravidas and the other 3 had poor obstetrical histories. Serial hCG titers were used to confirm the complete spontaneous termination of the pregnancies and to diagnose one ectopic pregnancy. No significant change in hematocrits was observed. No cases were complicated by pelvic inflammatory disease. Dilatation and curettage (D & C) was avoided in all cases. A policy of aggressive serial hCG testing is strongly recommended to accurately diagnose very early pregnancy loss in adolescent females; D & C has no role in their management.
Definitions and pathophysiology of the patent foramen ovale: broad overview

This article presents definitions and discusses pathophysiology pertaining to the patent foramen ovale.
A qualitative analysis of parturients' perspectives on neuraxial labor analgesia.

Abstract Background The decision to use, or not use, neuraxial analgesia is complex and likely multi-factorial. The objectives of this study were to understand parturients' concerns about neuraxial analgesia, and the reasons for not anticipating the use of neuraxial analgesia using qualitative methodology. Methods English-speaking, term parturients, who had not requested or received labor analgesia, were recruited for this mixed-methods study. In addition to a quantitative survey, the results of which have been published elsewhere, women were asked open-ended questions regarding concerns about neuraxial analgesia and reasons for not anticipating its use. Answers were recorded verbatim and analyzed using qualitative methodology. Results Interviews were conducted with 509 women. Thirty-nine percent of patients expressed some concern about neuraxial analgesia. These concerns were thematically represented by misunderstandings about neuraxial analgesia, general fears about the procedure, and lack of trust in providers. Many of the concerns were misunderstandings that were not supported by the medical literature. Of the 129 patients who did not anticipate using neuraxial analgesia, 23% stated that this was because they desired a natural childbirth and/or control over their labor experience, whereas 46% cited concerns about the procedure and its complications as the basis for their decision. Conclusion Many women who anticipate not using neuraxial analgesia may be basing their decision on an inaccurate understanding of the risks of the procedure. Improved patient education and counseling that target specific areas of concern may address these misunderstandings.
Photoallergic contact dermatitis to men's perfumes

Three patients with photosensitive eruptions related to the use of different men's perfumes were evaluated. We found that they were photoallergic to musk ambrette, an inexpensive, readily available synthetic perfume ingredient. Studies of cross-reactivity with other perfumed colognes and after-shave lotions suggest that musk ambrette is present in clinically significant concentration in large numbers of other cosmetic products.
Differences in Global and Regional Left Ventricular Myocardial Mechanics in Various Morphologic Subtypes of Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Referred for Ventricular Septal Myotomy/Myectomy

Patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) have various left ventricular (LV) shapes: reverse septal curvature (RSC, commonly familial), sigmoid septum (SS, common in hypertensives), and concentric hypertrophy (CH). Longitudinal (systolic and early diastolic) strain rate (SR) is sensitive in detecting regional myocardial dysfunction. We sought to determine differences in longitudinal SR of patients with obstructive HC, based on LV shapes. We studied 199 consecutive patients with HC (50% men) referred for surgical myectomy. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were recorded. LV shapes were classified on echocardiography, using basal septal 1/3 to posterior wall ratio: RSC = ratio >1.3 (extending to mid and distal septum), SS = ratio >1.3 (extending only to basal 1/3), and concentric = ratio ≤1.3. Longitudinal systolic and early diastolic SRs were measured from apical 4- and 2-chamber views (VVI 2.0; Siemens, Erlangen). Distribution of RSC, SS, and CH was 50%, 28%, and 22%, respectively. Patients with RSC were significantly younger (47 ± 12 vs 64 ± 10 and 57 ± 11, respectively) with lower hypertension (40% vs71% and 67%, respectively) than patients with SS or CH (both p
Subbottom Basement Drainage System of Inner Continental Shelf off Southern New England

Basement relief has been mapped by continuous seismic profiling beneath southern New England9s inner shelf. A southward-trending, dendritic drainage pattern is well defined with the parts of the valleys landward of the coastal plain cuesta distinctly narrower and deeper than the segments underlying the coastal plain strata. Glaciation has deepened but has not rearranged the preglacial inner lowland or fall zone fluvial valleys. Ancient pre-Upper Cretaceous channels were reoccupied by preglacial streams where coastal plain deposits had been stripped away. The basement9s lithologic and structural grain is probably north-south if the general drainage pattern is controlled by lithology and structure as implied by mainland relations.
Flattened Cortical Maps of Cerebral Function in the Rat: A Region-of-Interest Approach to Data Sampling, Analysis and Display

We describe a method for the measurement, analysis and display of cerebral cortical data obtained from coronal brain sections of the adult rat. In this method, regions-of-interest (ROI) are selected in the cortical mantle in a semiautomated fashion using a radial grid overlay, spaced in 15° intervals from the midline. ROI measurements of intensity are mapped on a flattened two-dimensional surface. Topographic maps of statistical significance at each ROI allow for the rapid viewing of group differences. Cortical z-scores are displayed with the boundaries of brain regions defined according to a standard atlas of the rat brain. This method and accompanying software implementation (Matlab, Labview) allow for compact data display in a variety of autoradiographic and histologic studies of the structure and function of the rat brain.
SYNTHESIS OF THE DODECAPEPTIDE‐α MATING FACTOR OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

The synthesis of His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr, the dodecapeptide alpha-mating factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its Ala2- and Cha2-(beta-cyclohexylalanine) analogs are reported. Peptides were synthesized in solution using a combination of mixed anhydride and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole accelerated active ester coupling procedures. Dilute methanesulfonic acid (0.1-0.2 M) in methylene chloride-formic acid solution was employed to specifically remove the tert.-butoxycarbonyl group in the presence of the benzyloxycarbonyl group. Free peptides were obtained using catalytic transfer hydrogenation with formic acid as the hydrogen donor followed by mild acidolysis with trifluoroacetic acid. The alpha-factor and the Cha2-analog exhibited almost equal ability to cause "shmooing" of a-mating types of S. cerevisiae whereas the Ala2-analog exhibited no activity in this assay. These results differ with structure-activity studies reported on the tridecapeptide alpha-factor.
Dusky Dolphins Foraging at Night

Publisher Summary Observations of feeding dolphins have shown duskies to be highly flexible in their foraging tactics. Their ability to echolocate likely allows them to forage more easily in the dark than exclusively visual predators. Some duskies in New Zealand switch between shallow-water prey herding and individual foraging in Admiralty Bay in the winter to deep-water night foraging when in Kaikoura. To forage successfully at night, animals develop specialized morphological adaptations. When night foraging, duskies can forage in a coordinated manner or in loosely organized groups. The possible decreasing abundance of foraging dolphins approaching the new moon (but with scarce data) hints that duskies may use lunar phase–specific foraging tactics. Additionally, the seasonal change in diet suggests that duskies may use seasonally specific foraging tactics to accommodate a changing prey base. The mechanisms for choosing the particular night foraging tactics are unknown, although the choice may be influenced at least in part by nighttime light levels.
An Investigation of the Factors that Predict an Internet User's Perception of Anonymity on the Web

The growth of the Internet as a means of communication has sparked a need for researchers to investigate the issues surrounding different social behaviors associated with Internet use. Of particular interest is the importance of a user's perception of anonymity. The independent variables for the study were demographic information, social networking habits and prior negative experience. The dependent variable for this study was perception of online anonymity. Data for this analysis were taken from the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project's July 2013 Pew Internet Anonymity Survey. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to predict perception of anonymity on the Web. Results indicated that gender, income level, education level, social networking habits and compromised identity are significant in predicting one's perception of anonymity on the web. Age and prior negative experience were not significant predictors. Differences in technological proficiency and access to the web are two factors believed to have contributed to these results, particularly those related to demographics. The findings from this research could be used to help target demographics with the education and support needed to protect their identity on the web. This study also offers insight about who are more likely to attempt to use the web anonymously and will help further identify the patterns of behavior associated with anonymous web use. This paper calls for further studies to analyze to what extent do the opinions and experiences of friends and relatives impact an individual's perception of anonymity.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CASES OF CANCER ARISED IN THE GASTRIC REMNANT

Twenty-three cases of cancer of the gastric remnant experienced at our department in past one decade were retrospectively studied and the following findings could be drawn out.1) Cancers arising in the gastric remnant was most commonly found in aged men. 2) Patients group whose initial diseases were malignant had cancers of the gastric remnant in shorter periods after operation compared to other patients group whose initial ones were benign. 3) As to the reconstruction method in the initial operation, patients undergone Billroth II tended to develop cancers in the anastomsed and sutured site of the remnant stomach, in that a reflux of cholic acid into the remnant stomach might probably participate. 4) Remnant stomach cancers occurred within 5 years after the initial operation might include possible synchronous multiple gastric cancers. In such cases more careful consideration is needed pre- and perioperatively. 5) Unfortunately the prognosis of remnant stomach cancer must be said poor in general, however, patients in stage I can sufficiently expect to survive for a long period. The significance of strict postoperative follow-up is reconfirmed irrespective of the nature (benign or malignant) of the initial disease.
COLLECTIVE MOVEMENT OF SEDIMENT IN LITTORAL ENVIRONMENT

Collective movements of sediment occur in the form of sand waves m the nearshore zone and affect beach topography to a significant extent. Bar-type sand waves move only in the onshore direction and account for various accretive profiles on the subaerial beach. When the beach is eroded, these sand waves are simply disintegrated on the subaerial beach, instead of migrating back in the form of sand waves. These characteristics of bar-type sand waves help explain dynamic behavior of beach profiles with respect to profile configuration, sediment storage, and beach width. Cusp-type sand waves are considered to be a product of interaction between longshore currents and an erodible bed. Their presence causes variability in beach profiles along the shore between those containing a prominent bar and those without a bar. Migration of these sand waves may well produce pulsational transfer of material along the shore.
Measurement of regional cerebrovascular haemoglobin oxygen saturation in cats using optical spectroscopy.

We describe the use of optical spectroscopy in the near infra-red light range to non-invasively measure regional cerebral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (rSHbO2) in cats during progressive cerebral ...
Isolation and identification of hantavirus in Fusong area

Objective To isolate virus and appraise the mouse lung specimen in fusong county,Jilin province in 2008.Methods 209 lungs of rats were collected in the main epidemic areas,and 4 hantavirus-positive samples of which were tested by direct immunofluorescent assay(FA).After that,the positive specimens were screened by the means of immunity fluorescence and hantavirus isolated through Vero E6 cells culture;and meanwhile the strains were used in the serological method(indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and FA) and molecular biology(polymerase chain reaction(PCR)).The gene sequences were analyzed with the software of MEGA4.0.Results In this experiment,4 positive rats lungs were detected,and 2 strains of hantavirus were isolated in Vero E6 cells culture,which were named F1373 and F1443.Conclusion Two isolated virus of apodemus peninsulae specimen are hantaan virus,which are collected in Fusong area.
Cell Mechanical Properties and Cancer Metastasis: Effects of Cancer Drugs and Radiotherapy

More than 90% of all cancer deaths are directly related to metastasis. Transit of cells through the microcirculation is one of the key features of metastasis. It is not clear whether cancer treatment regimens do inadvertently alter cell mechanical properties in ways that promote cancer metastasis. Here, we show that cancer cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin, become less deformable and exhibit a delayed transit through a microfluidic platform which mimics the capillary constrictions of the pulmonary and peripheral microcirculation. Moreover, since it has been shown that ionizing radiation used in radiotherapy led to cytoskeletal remodeling in endothelial cells due to the rapid activation of RhoA/Rho kinase (Gabryś et al., 2007), we have extended our microfluidic microcirculation mimetic to include the advection of cancer cells irradiated with gamma rays from Co-60. Our results are first steps in evaluating the pro- or anti-metastatic effects of cancer drugs and radiotherapy based on their induced alterations in cell mechanical properties.
Modeling Electrophysiological Coupling and Fusion between Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cardiomyocytes.

Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) delivery has demonstrated promise in preclinical and clinical trials for myocardial infarction therapy; however, broad acceptance is hindered by limited understanding of hMSC-human cardiomyocyte (hCM) interactions. To better understand the electrophysiological consequences of direct heterocellular connections between hMSCs and hCMs, three original mathematical models were developed, representing an experimentally verified triad of hMSC families with distinct functional ion channel currents. The arrhythmogenic risk of such direct electrical interactions in the setting of healthy adult myocardium was predicted by coupling and fusing these hMSC models to the published ten Tusscher midcardial hCM model. Substantial variations in action potential waveform—such as decreased action potential duration (APD) and plateau height—were found when hCMs were coupled to the two hMSC models expressing functional delayed rectifier-like human ether a-go-go K+ channel 1 (hEAG1); the effects were exacerbated for fused hMSC-hCM hybrid cells. The third family of hMSCs (Type C), absent of hEAG1 activity, led to smaller single-cell action potential alterations during coupling and fusion, translating to longer tissue-level mean action potential wavelength. In a simulated 2-D monolayer of cardiac tissue, re-entry vulnerability with low (5%) hMSC insertion was approximately eight-fold lower with Type C hMSCs compared to hEAG1-functional hMSCs. A 20% decrease in APD dispersion by Type C hMSCs compared to hEAG1-active hMSCs supports the claim of reduced arrhythmogenic potential of this cell type with low hMSC insertion. However, at moderate (15%) and high (25%) hMSC insertion, the vulnerable window increased independent of hMSC type. In summary, this study provides novel electrophysiological models of hMSCs, predicts possible arrhythmogenic effects of hMSCs when directly coupled to healthy hCMs, and proposes that isolating a subset of hMSCs absent of hEAG1 activity may offer increased safety as a cell delivery cardiotherapy at low levels of hMSC-hCM coupling.
Lessons from the Educational Borderlands: Documenting the Pedagogies of Migration of Chicana/o, Latina/o Undocumented Immigrant Students and Households

This theory-building research, based on analysis of oral history interviews and written family ethnographic papers, attempts to develop the theoretical framework, pedagogies of migration, centering the learning that takes place in Chicana/o, Latina/o undocumented immigrant households, i.e. educacion. Through the layering and intersecting of the frameworks, Latina/o Critical Theory (LatCrit), pedagogies of the home, community cultural wealth and educacion, pedagogies of migration may serve as a lens to illuminate and validate the lessons Chicana/o, Latina/o undocumented immigrants learn from crossing physical borders to the United States, and the way these experiences support their children as they encounter the borderlands of U.S. educational institutions. The theory pedagogies of migration centralizes the daily-lived experiences faced by Chicana/o, Latina/o undocumented immigrant students and their households. Centralizing the educacion embedded in undocumented immigrant households promotes an assets-based analysis of their experiences and moves us away from deficit-based views of these communities. Moving away from deficit constructs that blame the community’s culture, race, status, and class for school failure encourages one to rethink accepted processes of incorporation of Chicana/o, Latina/o undocumented immigrant students in educational institutions. Pedagogies of migration may help illustrate how the lessons learned from the home directly support the educational attainment of children of undocumented immigrant households.
Case IV: Foot Drop 2

A 32-year-old female presents with a 2-day history of exacerbation of her chronic low back pain, left leg numbness, and a foot drop. She had a previous lumbar discectomy at left L5-S1 11 years ago. No loss of bowel or bladder function. No history of trauma. She has smoked cigarettes half pack per day for 6 years.
Liposarcoma metastases to the small bowel presenting as fat-density intraluminal lesions

Metastatic disease to the small bowel is rare; however, it is important to recognize that when it does occurs a variety of complications are possible including obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, intussusception, and bowel perforation. We present here an unusual case of small bowel metastases in a patient with known metastatic liposarcoma in which the lesions manifested as rapidly evolving fat-density masses that necessitated segmental small bowel resection. Careful scrutiny of the small bowel in oncology patients is necessary to guide appropriate treatment and avoid potential catastrophic complications from small bowel metastases.
Regulation of the Stream of Consciousness: Toward a Theory of Ongoing Thought

Consciousness—that familiar constellation of memories, sensations, plans, fantasies, fleeting images, and sometimes unrecognizable forms that constitutes our awareness from moment to moment—has received rough treatment at the hands of 20th-century American psychology. Neither the elaborate Titchnerian method of introspection nor the stirring, graceful prose of William James managed to extend the life of consciousness as a legitimate area for psychological investigation much past the turn of the century. As Roger Brown (1958) wrote, “In 1913 John Watson mercifully closed the bloodshot inner eye of American psychology. With great relief the profession trained its exteroceptors on the laboratory animal” (p. 93). Even the impact of Freudian thought and psychoanalysis, with its great interest in and respect for the inner life of the individual, failed to generate a renewed study of consciousness because it emphasized the overwhelming power of the unconscious and portrayed man’s life as determined by a hydrauliclike system of drives of which the individual was generally unaware. More recently, careful, creative, rigorously executed scientific work (Holt, 1964; Paivio, 1971; Segal, 1971; Sheehan, 1972; Singer, 1974a,b) has managed to open the door a bit toward a systematic study of consciousness, though psychology is still occasionally chastised for its “diverting preoccupation with a supposed or real inner life” (Skinner, 1975, p. 46).
A Generalized Logistic Link Function for Cumulative Link Models in Ordinal Regression

Ordinal regression is a kind of regression analysis used for predicting an ordered response variable. In these problems, the patterns are labelled by a set of ranks with an ordering among the different categories. The most common type of ordinal regression model is the cumulative link model. The cumulative link model relates an unobserved continuous latent variable with a monotone link function. Logit and probit functions are examples of link functions used in cumulative link models. In this paper, a novel generalized link function based on a generalization of the logistic distribution is proposed. The generalized link function proposed is able to reproduce other different link functions by changing two real parameters: $$\alpha $$ and $$\lambda $$ . The generalized link function has been included in a cumulative link model where the latent function is determined by a standard neural network in order to test the performance of the proposal. For this model, a reformulation of the tunable thresholds and distribution parameters was applied to convert the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can achieve competitive generalization performance.
Unified authentication factors and fuzzy service access using interaction provenance

Authentication in service oriented computing is vulnerable to various security concerns. The core concept of authentication is dependent on credentials offered at the present moment without verifying how or when the credential was obtained by the subject. Secure authentication techniques with multi-factor and cross-platform technologies are adopted by service providers. Unfortunately, such systems require a complex integration procedure of the security frameworks. Moreover, the trend of rapid service development via service composition architectures are impeded due to the diverse models of authentication factors. Hence, the adoptability of newer authentication models are limited and constrained by the feature specifications of the external cross-platform and decentralized authentication and access control frameworks. In general, authentication models are generally based on binary successes and failures, regardless of the level of access required for a given request. The combined outcome of the above complexities results in rigid policies and complex management.Our work in this paper is characterized by notions of real-life social authentication based on the nature, quality, and length of previous encounters. We delineate the fundamental similarity of authentication factors using previous interactions. We introduce the concept of interaction provenance as a unified representation model for all existing authentication factors. We present a standardized representation model for secure interaction provenance based on the W3C Provenance Working Group (PROV) model. We illustrate the practical feasibility of creating interaction provenance graphs for various interactive events in service oriented computing. The paper also presents formal security propositions toward defining secure interaction provenance schemes. We demonstrate how interaction provenance can utilize the causal relationship of past events to leverage service composition, cross-platform integration, and timeline authentication. We posit that our generic interaction provenance model also allows easier adoption of newer authentication and access control schemes. Hence, we apply fuzzy control logic for interaction provenance records to create a novel authentication and threshold based access control model. The paper presents an interaction provenance recording and authentication protocol and a proof-of-concept implementation. We demonstrate the suitability of fuzzy rules to create innovative and flexible security frameworks using linguistic policies and visualization of contour maps. We also performed extensive experiments and comparative evaluation of various provenance preservation schemes to justify the applicability for different service models.
Adaptive Management of Urban Ecosystem Restoration: Learning from Restoration Managers in Rhode Island, U.S.A.

ABSTRACTUrban aquatic restoration can be difficult to accomplish because of complications like industrial pollutants, population density, infrastructure, and expense; however, unique opportunities in urban settings, including the potential to provide benefits to many diverse people, can make urban restoration especially rewarding. The success of urban restoration projects—even those focused primarily on ecological targets—depends on community involvement and managers considering community needs. However, research on the social barriers to urban restoration and strategies managers use to overcome them is relatively rare. This work attempts to fill that gap by presenting barriers for aquatic restoration projects in urban settings and strategies to overcome them. Building from interviews with restoration managers involved in urban aquatic restoration projects in Rhode Island, we contribute through an adaptive management approach: identifying and synthesizing the lessons learned from managers’ work in urban s...
The Tsunami Hazard

Tsunamis are comparatively rare. Since many of them are small and do very little damage, they are often overlooked as a natural hazard until a disastrous event occurs. A tsunami is a series of several succeeding ocean waves usually launched by an undersea earthquake that increase in height near the shore. A tsunami can hit the shoreline line as a destructive wall of water. Large tsunamis can be a menacing threat to life and property for anyone living near the ocean. The Caribbean region is an area of relatively high seismicity and, although tsunamis are not the major natural hazard in the Caribbean, they have the potential to produce catastrophic regional disasters.