cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Vanishing: New Mythologies for Choreography in the Museum

When I was twenty-two years old, beginning studies in animation, and earning a degree in visual and media studies, I discovered that the Greeks referred to choreography as “dance writing,” from the words χορeία (circular dance) and γραφή (writing). This fascinated me, because I had always viewed choreography an act that vanishes: its remnants are commonly witnessed in the bodies of performers reproducing movements and activities. The act of choreography is private, as opposed to dance, which is communally shared, or publicly viewed. Choreography occurs, it is transmitted, and it disappears, to become dance.
Developing a power measurement framework for cyber defense

Energy Delivery Systems (EDS) have become smarter by incorporating chips and data communication capabilities. As a result, they have become more vulnerable to cyber-attacks as well. As part of a systems health monitoring approach, we investigate whether cyber-events targeting EDS can be detected by monitoring component-level data such as temperature, voltage, power, and process indicative variables---collectively referred to as component health indicators. We report our experiences with developing a measurement framework for power consumption in different EDS components such as Cabinet Distribution Units (CDU), Power Distribution Units (PDU), and standard enterprise desktops. Our plan for gathering and analyzing power consumption data involves establishing a baseline execution profile and then capturing the effect of perturbations in the state from injecting various malware. As a contribution, we report on initial experiments with power measurement techniques and outline future work for evaluating components under normal and anomalous operating regimes.
Introduction: health disparities in infertility

A scientific workshop, entitled "Health Disparities in Infertility," was held on March 10–11, 2005 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Several evolving directions in infertility research that deserve increased emphasis were presented during the workshop; joint work between clinician scientists and social scientists in this area will lead to improved strategies for the prevention and treatment of infertility in different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic status populations.
Frontotemporal dementia: Report of a familial case

The authors describe a 49-year-old woman (R.K.) who presented with one year of progressive frontal lobe dysfunction, including signs of expressive aphasia. Signs of parkinsonism were absent until late in the clinical course. Neuropsychologic testing and neuroimaging studies are described. The patient died at age 55, after 7 years of symptoms. Family history was remarkable for a mother who died at the age of 45, after experiencing 7 years of progressive aphasia. R.K.’s brain showed asymmetric frontotemporal atrophy, which was more severe on the left side. Histopathologic analysis was remarkable for numerous tau-positive neurons with some classic-appearing Pick bodies and many ballooned neurons. Tau-positive glial cells were also present. The authors suggest that the abnormal tau aggregates are related to the symptoms experienced by affected members of this family.
The Impact of Internet Pornography on Marriage and the Family: A Review of the Research

Since the advent of the Internet, the sex industry has profited from an unprecedented proximity to the home environment. Consequently, couples, families, and individuals of all ages are being impacted by pornography in new ways. Examining the systemic impact of Internet pornography, however, is relatively uncharted territory and the body of systemically-focused research is limited. A review of the research that does exist was undertaken and many negative trends were revealed. While much remains unknown about the impact of Internet pornography on marriages and families, the available data provide an informed starting point for policy makers, educators, clinicians, and researchers.
From intergenerational equity to intergenerational stewardship

This essay borrows from our civic humanist tradition to present an alternative to the more dominant neo-utilitarian approach to evaluating current decisions and their potential burden on future generations. The analysis first focuses on financial debt, and then applies the framework beyond the realm of financial policy. The framework exposes some limitations in the rational-quantitative approach to policy decision, and embraces the art of stewardship as a more encompassing and appropriate role in public life. Stewardship brings intergenerational obligations to bear on decisions that current analytic techniques fail to regard as meaningful. The ways and means of stewardship are matters more of prudent judgment and passionate commitment to ways of life than of rigorous analytic precision. [A] man owes it to his children, to his neighbors to secure their future and rescue their lives from impediments to holiness and happiness. Therefore he has no right to acquiesce in tyrannical and immoral government. Lord ...
Kinematics of signature writing in healthy aging.

Forensic document examiners (FDE) called upon to distinguish a genuine from a forged signature of an elderly person are often required to consider the question of age-related deterioration and whether the available exemplars reliably capture the natural effects of aging of the original writer. An understanding of the statistical relationship between advanced age and handwriting movements can reduce the uncertainty that may exist in an examiner's approach to questioned signatures formed by elderly writers. The primary purpose of this study was to systematically examine age-related changes in signature kinematics in healthy writers. Forty-two healthy subjects between the ages of 60-91 years participated in this study. Signatures were recorded using a digitizing tablet, and commercial software was used to examine the temporal and spatial stroke kinematics and pen pressure. Results indicated that vertical stroke duration and dysfluency increased with age, whereas vertical stroke amplitude and velocity decreased with age. Pen pressure decreased with age. We found that a linear model characterized the best-fit relationship between advanced age and handwriting movement parameters for signature formation. Male writers exhibited stronger age effects than female writers, especially for pen pressure and stroke dysfluency. The present study contributes to an understanding of how advanced age alters signature formation in otherwise healthy adults.
High-resolution neutron capture and transmission measurements for 1 1 6 , 1 2 0 Sn , and their stellar neutron-capture cross sections at s -process temperatures

We have made high-resolution measurements of the neutron capture and total cross sections for ${}^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$ and the neutron capture cross section for ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ from 50 eV to 500 keV at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). There have been no previously reported high-resolution measurements of these cross sections in this energy range. We performed an $\mathcal{R}$-matrix analysis of our new data as well as previous total cross section data for ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ to extract parameters for 216 resonances in ${}^{117}\mathrm{Sn}$ between 100 eV and 30 keV, and 187 resonances in ${}^{121}\mathrm{Sn}$ between 350 eV and 55 keV. These resonance parameters were used to calculate the average radiation widths, average level spacings, and strength functions for s- and p-wave neutron resonances. The ${}^{116,120}\mathrm{Sn}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$ astrophysical reaction rates were determined, to approximately 3% accuracy across the entire range of temperatures needed by the latest stellar models of the s process, from these resonance parameters together with our neutron capture measurements in the unresolved region. At the canonical s-process temperature of $kT=30 \mathrm{keV},$ our ${}^{116}\mathrm{Sn}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$ rate agrees to within the experimental uncertainties with the most recent high-precision measurement, and our ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$ rate resolves the discrepancy between two recent high-precision measurements. However, our measurements show that the most recently recommended reaction rates (which are based on extrapolations from previous measurements at higher energies) at $kT=6\char21{}8 \mathrm{keV},$ where most of the neutron exposure occurs in stellar s-process models, are too high by approximately 10\char21{}20 %. We discuss the astrophysical impact of our new rates.
PCB, PCDF, and PCDD exposure following a transformer fire: Chicago

Abstract On September 28, 1983, an electrical fire in a transformer vault resulted in the loss of 15 gallons of transformer oil composed of 65% PCBs (Aroclor 1260) and 35% trichlorobenzene and forced the precautionary evacuation of a major Chicago office building. A square foot wipe sample of soot on the vault ceiling contained 28,000 ng total TCDFs, 3,800 ng 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 40,000 ng PCDFs, 33,000 ng HxCDFs, 11,200 ng HpCDFs, 1,238 ng OCDFs, 314 ng HpCDDs, and 127 ng OCDDs. No PCDFs or PCDDs were detected in the blood (detection limit 3–40 ppt) of two fire fighters hospitalized with smoke inhalation nor of two office employees similarly exposed.
On the origin of the conductance asymmetry in CeMIn5 (M=Co, Rh, Ir)

Asymmetric differential conductance has been frequently observed in heavy fermion point-contact junctions. We report such data obtained from the Ce-based 1–1–5 compounds CeMIn5 (M=Co, Rh, Ir). Apart from characteristics due to superconductivity or antiferromagnetism, a striking common feature is an asymmetry in the background conductance, which shows nontrivial temperature and voltage dependencies. These behaviors cannot be explained by the local heating model combined with large Seebeck effect in heavy fermions. We propose that a Fano-like interference may cause the asymmetry. The interference can occur between two conductance channels, one into the conduction band and the other into the heavy electron band formed by the hybridization of conduction electrons with localized f-electrons.
Pride of place the origins of German hegemony

Using a game-theoretic model of international interactions, the author shows that systemtransforming wars can result from a relatively small dispute between rivals who are basically satisfied with the international status quo. Such wars are likely to be relatively low in costs even if they are profound in their consequences. The possibility of such system-transforming wars is overlooked by the theories of power-transition, or hegemonic, war.The Seven Weeks' War is an example of a system-transforming conflict that can be understood by combining the insights of theories concerned with differential growth rates and of those derived from the game-theoretic perspective suggested here. The combination of these two perspectives expands the explanatory potential of existing theories of system-transforming wars.
Optical PPM Combining Loss for Photon Counting Receivers

The performance of an equal gain combining architecture for an array of photon counting receivers used in an optical PPM communication system operating in low-flux conditions is analyzed in the presence of synchronization errors. Comparisons are made to an equal gain combiner with perfect synchronization as well as to the performance of a system with timing synchronization error associated with a single large aperture. These comparisons allow one to ascertain the absolute loss due to synchronization as well as the relative loss due to independent synchronization of the elements in this optical array receiver.
Encephalopathy and myelinolysis after rapid correction of hyponatraemia.

Considerable controversy has followed the recent publication of studies indicating that central pontine myelinolysis is caused by rapid correction of hyponatraemia. Alternative suggestions have been that myelinolysis is due to uncorrected hyponatraemia, that it occurs only with over-correction of hyponatraemia or that it is due to coincidental hypoxia. The following experiments were undertaken to clarify the relationship between myelinolysis and derangements of serum sodium and their treatment. Severe hyponatraemia ([Na+] ⩽ 122mmol/l) was produced in three groups of rabbits by injection of vasopressin and 5% dextrose in water. Rabbits with severe uncorrected hyponatraemia sustained for seven days or more did not show myelinolysis at autopsy. Myelinolytic lesions did develop in 3 of 7 rabbits in a second group in which corrective infusion of hypertonic saline was administered after only three days of severe hyponatraemia. Neurological deterioration also occurred in rabbits in the third group which received hypertonic saline within 24 h of developing severe hyponatraemia. In this group no lesions were apparent at autopsy. No animal became hypernatraemic with correction. These results indicate that even prolonged severe hyponatraemia does not lead to myelinolysis if it remains uncorrected, but that rapid correction of hyponatraemia, without over-correction, can cause neurological disease. Accordingly, a rapid rise in serum sodium should be avoided.
Anisotropic and Selective Reactive Ion Etching of SiC in CHF3 and Oxygen Plasma

The use of CHF 3 plus oxygen plasma to achieve selective and anisotropic patterning of SiC thin films in the reactive ion etching (RIE) mode is reported. Experiments were performed using various levels of oxygen percentage (from zero to 90%), pressure (from 20 to 300 mTorr) and power (from 100W to 350W). Anisotropic etching of SiC with a vertical-to-lateral etch ratio in excess of 8:1 was measured for a CHF 3 + 75%0 2 mixture at 20mT pressure and 200W RF power. Under these conditions, the SiC etch rate was measured to be 400 A/min and the selectivity over Si was approximately 2.2:1. The effect of the cathode DC potential and emission intensity of various species in the plasma on the SiC and Si etch rates is considered.
Angular distributions and total cross sections of the 27Al(3He,p)29Si reaction from 5.4 to 6.1 MeV

Abstract The angular distributions of protons from the 27 Al( 3 He,p) 29 Si reactions corresponding to the first seven levels of 29 Si are given for five bombarding energies between 5.4 and 6.1 MeV. The angle-integrated cross sections show a 2 J +1 dependence. The 2 J +1 dependence is found to be more reliable for the angular range between 82° and 142° than between 10° and 142°. The angle-integrated cross-section yield curves show pronounced structure. The apparent characteristic width is on the order of several hundreds of keV.
Novel bonding method for polymer-based microfluidic platforms

Polymer-based microfluidic platforms have great potential for use in BioMEMS applications because many polymers are low cost, biocompatible, and have good processibility. However, packaging (i.e., sealing the platform with a lid) is a challenging issue in their fabrication. In this paper, we compare several available bonding techniques such as adhesive tape bonding and chemical-assisted bonding with a new method recently developed in our lab: resin-gas injection-assisted bonding. This new approach can easily seal microfluidic devices with micron and sub-micron sized channels without blocking the flow path. It can also be used to modify the channel shape, size, and surface characteristics (e.g., hydrophilicity, degree of protein adsorption). By applying the masking technique, local modification of the channel surface can be achieved through cascade resin-gas injection. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate the bonding efficiency and surface modification.
Modeling Mechanisms of Skull Base Injury for Drivers in Motor Vehicle Collisions

Objective To develop biomechanical variable models for driver skull base injury mechanisms in motor vehicle collisions. Study Design Retrospective database review. Methods Biomechanical collision variables and safety restraint data were analyzed for Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network skull base trauma subjects enrolled during the recruitment period between 1996 and 2005. Results For drivers satisfying inclusion criteria (n = 26), injury resulted from contact with rigid vehicle structural elements in 82%, and occurred in 50% despite both seatbelt and air bags. Eight percent used neither seatbelts nor air bags. Seventy-two percent involved vector velocity changes greater than 30 mph. The relative morbidity of skull base injuries was also detailed. Conclusion The majority of driver skull base injuries resulted from contact with rigid vehicle structural elements in high velocity crashes. Seatbelt and air bag use could not be definitively correlated with skull base injury. Clinical Significance Injury mechanism models can be developed that facilitate further investigations to determine impact and scope on a national scale.
Dedicated Short-Range Communications Technology for Freeway Incident Detection: Performance Assessment Based on Traffic Simulation Data

An assessment of the use of dedicated short-range communications technology to perform travel time monitoring and automated incident detection on a segment of rural freeway is described. The assessment used the CorSim traffic simulation tool to simulate traffic and incidents on a segment of rural freeway. Output data from the simulation was subjected to postprocessing to convert it to probe and beacon data. An incident detection algorithm was developed by using a travel time threshold and a counter. An alarm was generated when a counter reached a preselected level. This algorithm was tested on selected data files, and the results were used to identify the optimum values of the travel time threshold and the counter alarm level. With these optimum values, the algorithm was applied to the probe and beacon data to determine how quickly the system could detect various traffic incidents. The analysis showed that the system could provide rapid and reliable detection of incidents. During the simulation and analysis, several parameters were varied so that their effect on the system performance could be observed. Each parameter proved to have a significant effect on the detection time, and the observed effects were consistent with logical expectations. In general, the time to detect an incident was reduced in response to (a) increased traffic volume, (b) increased incident severity, (c) increased transponder population, (d) reduced reader spacing, and (e) reduced distance from incident to next downstream reader.
Topographic Mapping of a Hierarchy of Temporal Receptive Windows Using a Narrated Story

Real-life activities, such as watching a movie or engaging in conversation, unfold over many minutes. In the course of such activities, the brain has to integrate information over multiple time scales. We recently proposed that the brain uses similar strategies for integrating information across space and over time. Drawing a parallel with spatial receptive fields, we defined the temporal receptive window (TRW) of a cortical microcircuit as the length of time before a response during which sensory information may affect that response. Our previous findings in the visual system are consistent with the hypothesis that TRWs become larger when moving from low-level sensory to high-level perceptual and cognitive areas. In this study, we mapped TRWs in auditory and language areas by measuring fMRI activity in subjects listening to a real-life story scrambled at the time scales of words, sentences, and paragraphs. Our results revealed a hierarchical topography of TRWs. In early auditory cortices (A1+), brain responses were driven mainly by the momentary incoming input and were similarly reliable across all scrambling conditions. In areas with an intermediate TRW, coherent information at the sentence time scale or longer was necessary to evoke reliable responses. At the apex of the TRW hierarchy, we found parietal and frontal areas that responded reliably only when intact paragraphs were heard in a meaningful sequence. These results suggest that the time scale of processing is a functional property that may provide a general organizing principle for the human cerebral cortex.
The effects of age on enzyme activities in the rat facial nucleus following axotomy: acetylcholinesterase and cytochrome oxidase.

Abstract Advancing age affects the ability of motor neurons to regrow axons after the facial nerve is crushed. In rats, it requires 14 days after injury for 3-month-old animals to resume normal whisker activity, compared to at least 19 days in 15-month-old animals. The present study examines central enzymatic responses of facial motor neurons to axotomy. During the postoperative period from 1 day through 8 weeks, alternate frozen sections of brain stem are histochemically reacted to demonstrate activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or cytochrome oxidase (COX) and the reactions are quantified using computerized image analyzing densitometry. AChE activity is evaluated separately in perikaryal cytoplasm and neuropil, while COX is assayed in the facial nucleus as a whole. Coincident with the initiation of axon outgrowth the activities of these enzymes decrease in the neurons. For AChE the decrease is greater in the older animals; for COX the decrease is equivalent in both age groups. With regard to the perikaryal AChE and the neuropil AChE, the recovery patterns are different in the two locations. In the perikarya AChE activity begins to recover after 4 days in both age groups; however, AChE activity in the neuropil remains decreased until after functional recovery of whisker activity, when it recovers rapidly in the 3-month-old animals, but more gradually in the 15-month-old animals. In both age groups, COX activity gradually decreases in response to axotomy. In the 3-month-old animals it recovers rapidly following return of whisker activity, while in the 15-month animals COX activity is maintained at the decreased level through 28 days postcrush, before it begins its gradual recovery. The study demonstrates that age differences are most apparent after the reestablishment of functional connections. This age-related deficiency may be related to deficiencies in retrogradely transported signals arising from the reinnervated target or in the older neurons's ability to respond to such signals.
High pressure and low temperature sintering of bulk nanocrystalline TiO2

Abstract Bulk n-TiO2 samples with a relative density as high as 95% and a grain size less than 50 nm were fabricated by hot-pressing at temperatures as low as 400 °C and at pressures up to 1.5 GPa. During hot-pressing, the anatase phase transformed to the rutile phase and the amount of transformation increased with sintering pressure. The grain size in both the anatase and the rutile phase increased with sintering pressure at a constant temperature but the grain size of the transformed phase is always smaller than that of the starting material. We believe that the smaller grain size of the rutile phase is related to multiple nucleation events in the anatase phase during sintering at very high pressure. The average grain size increased from 27 nm in the original powder to only 45 nm in the compact after hot-pressing. Analysis of the grain size and closed porosity by transmission electron microscopy suggested that closed pores at grain boundary triple junctions might also retard the grain boundary migration and thus prevent grain growth. A competing mechanism is also proposed in which the rate of grain growth is controlled by the pressure effect on the bulk diffusion rate and interface energy.
Effect of 810 nm light on nerve regeneration after autograft repair of severely injured rat median nerve.

Background and Objective Destruction of large segments of peripheral nerves results in chronic loss of sensation and paralysis. For this type of severe injury, the defect can be bridged by nerve grafts. However, even with state-of-the-art microsurgical techniques, there is minimal recovery of sensation and motor function. Light therapy (LT) has been shown to improve functional outcome after surgical intervention to repair injured nerves using different techniques. Our objective was to investigate the effect of LT on peripheral nerve regeneration and function after severe median nerve injury and microsurgical autologous nerve graft repair using fibrin glue. Study Design/Materials and Methods Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were used for this study. A 6–7 mm segment of the median nerve was excised and sural nerve segments from the same animal were used to bridge the gap using fibrin-based sealant. There were three experimental groups: control, autograft (AG), and autograft + LT (AG + LT). The AG + LT group received LT at the surgery site for 14 consecutive days using an 810 nm wavelength diode laser. Functional recovery was assessed bi-weekly by the grip strength test. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) measurements were taken pre-injury and at 16 weeks post-surgery. Optical density measurement of S-100 immunoreactivity was done on the transplanted segment of the nerve. Results The AG + LT group had faster functional recovery of grip strength (P < 0.05), shorter CMAP latency (P < 0.05), and higher S-100 immunoreactivity (P = 0.0213) when compared to the AG group. However, at 15 weeks, grip strength in both the AG and AG + LT groups, while significantly improved, were still below control levels. Conclusion These results suggest that LT can accelerate functional recovery and improve the quality of nerve regeneration after autograft repair of severely injured peripheral nerves. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:901-906, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensor Robotics In The National Bureau Of Standards

For robots to operate effectively in the partially unconstrained environment of manufacturing, they must be equipped with control systems that have sensory capabilities. This paper describes a control system that consists of three parallel cross-coupled hierarchies. First is a control hierarchy which decomposes high level tasks into primitive actions. Second is a sensory processing hierarchy that analyses data from the environment. Third is a world model hierarchy which generates expectations. These are compared against the sensory data at each level of the sensory processing hierarchy. Deviations between expected and observed data are used by the the control hierarchy to modify its task decomposition strategies so as to generate sensory-interactive goal-directed behavior. This system has been implemented on a research robot, using a network of microcomputers and a real-time vision system mounted on the robot wrist.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Negative relationships in the family-of-origin predict attenuated cortisol in emerging adults

Negative childhood family environments have been associated with stress-related physical and psychological health consequences across the lifespan. The present study examined the relation between adverse relationships in the family of origin and physiological stress response, as measured by salivary cortisol, in emerging adulthood. Seventy-six university students (age range=18-22) selected from intact married families-of-origin characterized by either negative (n=39) or positive (n=37) relationship quality engaged in a challenging role play task. Results from multilevel models indicated that those from negative families exhibited significantly lower salivary cortisol across the task than those from positive families. This relation did not change in strength or direction after controlling for experiences with abuse or recent anxiety or depressive symptoms. These findings suggest the significance of early family relationships on the long-term activity of the HPA axis.
A randomized controlled trial of event-specific prevention strategies for reducing problematic drinking associated with 21st birthday celebrations.

OBJECTIVE While research has documented heavy drinking practices and associated negative consequences of college students turning 21, few studies have examined prevention efforts aimed at reducing high-risk drinking during 21st birthday celebrations. The present study evaluated the comparative efficacy of a general prevention effort (i.e., Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students, or BASICS) and event-specific prevention in reducing 21st birthday drinking and related negative consequences. Furthermore, this study evaluated inclusion of peers in interventions and mode of intervention delivery (i.e., in-person vs. via the Web). METHOD Participants included 599 college students (46% male): men who intended to consume at least 5 drinks and women who intended to consume at least 4 drinks on their 21st birthday. After completing a screening/baseline assessment approximately 1 week before turning 21, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 conditions: 21st birthday in-person BASICS, 21st birthday web BASICS, 21st birthday in-person BASICS plus friend intervention, 21st birthday web BASICS plus friend intervention, BASICS, or an attention control. A follow-up assessment was completed approximately 1 week after students' birthdays. RESULTS Results indicated a significant intervention effect for BASICS in reducing blood alcohol content reached and number of negative consequences experienced. All 3 in-person interventions reduced negative consequences experienced. Results for the web-based interventions varied by drinking outcome and whether a friend was included. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results provide support for both general intervention and ESP approaches across modalities for reducing extreme drinking and negative consequences associated with turning 21. These results suggest there are several promising options for campuses seeking to reduce both use and negative consequences associated with 21st birthday celebrations.
Simultaneous Pressure Measurements and High-Speed Schlieren Imaging of Disturbances in a Transitional Hypersonic Boundary Layer.

High-frequency pressure sensors were used in conjunction with a high-speed schlieren system to study the growth and breakdown of boundary-layer disturbances into turbulent spots on a 7◦ cone in the Sandia Hypersonic Wind Tunnel. At Mach 5, intermittent low-frequency disturbances were observed in the schlieren videos. High-frequency secondmode wave packets would develop within these low-frequency disturbances and break down into isolated turbulent spots surrounded by an otherwise smooth, laminar boundary layer. Spanwise pressure measurements showed that these packets have a narrow spanwise extent before they break down. The resulting turbulent fluctuations still had a streaky structure reminiscent of the wave packets. At Mach 8, the boundary layer was dominated by secondmode instabilities that extended much further in the spanwise direction before breaking down into regions of turbulence. The amplitude of the turbulent pressure fluctuations was much lower than those within the second-mode waves. These turbulent patches were surrounded by waves as opposed to the smooth laminar flow seen at Mach 5. At Mach 14, second-mode instability wave packets were also observed. Theses waves had a much lower frequency and larger spanwise extent compared to lower Mach numbers. Only low freestream Reynolds numbers could be obtained, so these waves did not break down into turbulence.
What can we gain by unfolding loops

Loops in programs are the source of many optimizations for improving program performance, particularly on modern high-performance architectures as well as vector and multithreaded systems. Techniques such as loop invariant code motion, loop unrolling and loop peeling have demonstrated their utility in compiler optimizations. However, many of these techniques can only be used in very limited cases when the loops are "well-structured" and easy to analyze. For instance, loop invariant code motion works only when invariant code is inside loops; loop unrolling and loop peeling work effectively when the array references are either constants or affine functions of index variable. It is our contention that there are many opportunities overlooked by limiting the optimizations to "well structured" loops. In many cases, even "badly-structured" loops may be transformed into "well structured" loops. As a case in point, we show how some loop-dependent code can be transformed into loop-independent code by transforming the loops. Our technique described in this paper relies on unfolding the loop for several initial iterations such that more opportunities may be exposed for many other existing compiler optimization techniques such as loop invariant code motion, loop peeling, loop unrolling and so on.
A simple proof of the Rogers–Selberg identities

A short and simple proof of the Rogers–Selberg identities is obtained from the work of Andrew Sills on identities of the Rogers–Ramanujan type.
Hiding Your Wares: Transparently Retrofitting Memory Confidentiality into Legacy Applications

Memory scanning is a common technique used by malicious programs to read and modify the memory of other programs. Guarding programs against such exploits requires memory encryption, which is presently achievable either by (i) re-writing software to make it encrypt sensitive memory contents, or (ii) employing hardware-based solutions. These approaches are complicated, costly, and present their own vulnerabilities. In this paper, we describe new secure software technology that enables users to transparently add memory encryption to their existing software, without requiring users to invest in costly encryption hardware or requiring programmers to undertake complicated software redesign/redeployment. The memory encryption and transparent aegis library (METAL) functions as a shim library, allowing legacy applications to transparently enjoy an assurance of memory confidentiality and integrity. The proposed solution is tunable in terms of trade-offs between security and computational overhead. We describe the design of the library and evaluate its benefits and performance trade-offs.
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids for Mercury Capture from Flue Gas

Six room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were synthesized and tested as coatings for adsorbents for mercury capture from nitrogen at 160 °C. All six RTILs were thermally stable to temperatures above 160 °C. These RTILs were coated on mesoporous silica gel, and the fixed-bed mercury capture characteristics of these adsorbents were observed at 160 °C. Hg0 capture appears to result from the formation of a complex involving Hg0 and ions in the RTIL complex, and not from oxidation by the RTIL. The high observed oxidized mercury capacity for Cl−-based RTILs is believed to be due to greater dissociation of HgCl2 in the RTILs that incorporate chloride anion. The higher hydrogen-bond basicity and dipolarity of these RTILs might underlie improved HgCl2 dissociation. [bmim]Cl was identified as a promising RTIL for the simultaneous capture of elemental and oxidized mercury from the gas phase. A nanostructured chelating adsorbent with a coating of 25 wt % [bmim]Cl has an elemental mercury capacity of 10 mg/g and an ...
Structural and optical properties of amorphous GexSn1-x alloys

Abstract The structural and optical properties of amorphous GexSn1-x alloys have been studied in the range x ⩾ 0.5. The atomic arrangement is found to be tetrahedral with a random nearest neighbor environment. Both the average and the minimum optical gaps decrease with increasing Sn content, with the latter extrapolating to 0 at x ≈ 0.0. It is suggested that the variation of the optical and electronic properties with Sn concentration will provide a sensitive test of current theories of amorphous solids.
Chaos in power: Pakistan's electricity crisis

Abstract Pakistan is facing a severe electricity crisis due to a persistent and widening gap between demand and available system generating capacity. The worsening of power shortages has become a major political issue, reflecting the hardships for individuals and businesses. It threatens to undermine the credibility and legitimacy of government and to further stress the social fabric of the country. The power crisis did not emerge suddenly. It is the direct result of imprudent and reckless energy policies over the last three decades. These policies have impeded the development of cheap and abundant domestic energy sources. They have also resulted in very inefficient fuel-mix choices, compromising energy and economic security. Pakistan's energy bankruptcy is ultimately due to massive institutional and governance failure. This paper analyzes the problems confronting Pakistan's electricity sector and identifies the key elements of a potential policy response to address the country's severe power crisis.
M. J. Metzger & A. J. Flanagin (eds), Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility

John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007), 208 pp., ISBN 0-262-56232-4 (pbk), £10.95/(cloth), £20.95 (open access edition availab...
Effective diffusivities for catalyst pellets under reactive conditions

Abstract A theory is developed that allows the calculation of the components of the effective diffusivity tensor under reaction conditions in spatially periodic porous media. Under normal conditions, it can be shown that the effective diffusivity should be independent of the rate of the chemical reaction. Preliminary calculations are provided illustrating the effect of the particle void fraction on the effective diffusivity.
The TCNE-Benzene Complex" A CNDO Approach*

CNDO/2 calculations on the TCNE-benzene complex are reported. A stable complex is found which exhibits a relatively large stabilization energy (0.2 a.u.) at a short interplanar separation (1.75 A); the binding apparently arises solely through charge transfer. Mulliken population analyses were performed by reinterpreting the CNDO orbitals as Lowdin orbitals. Sample calculations on small organic molecules and first row diatomics indicate the procedure to be satisfactory. It is shown that generally only overlap populations that are summed over the orbitals of the atoms in question reflect the symmetry of the molecule.
Outstanding Scientist of 2004. Joseph K. McLaughlin, PhD: A world leader in implant research.

OBJECTIVE To describe the key contributions of Dr. Joseph K. McLaughlin, Outstanding Scientist of 2004. METHODS We review the scientific literature and indicate how epidemiologic research conducted by Dr. McLaughlin has clarified long-term health effects among persons with breast and other medical implants. RESULTS Dr. Joseph K. McLaughlin has conducted and directed more research into the long-term effects of human implants than any other scientist worldwide. His insights greatly elucidated the long-term health consequences associated with a variety of implanted devices, including silicone and saline breast implants, hip and knee replacements, temporomandibular and finger joint devices, and pacemakers. By initiating and bringing to fruition a series of innovative epidemiologic investigations, Dr. McLaughlin and his colleagues have provided the scientific basis for making judgments about alleged adverse health effects following cosmetic, reconstructive, and reparative implant surgery. CONCLUSIONS Dr. McLaughlin's seminal investigations have provided reassurance that breast and other implants have not demonstrably increased the risk of cancer or other systemic diseases. The comprehensive and rigorous nature of this research merits his selection as Outstanding Scientist of 2004.
Conformational changes expected in endogenous opioid peptides upon their interaction with acidic lipids

Abstract Conformational changes induced by acidic lipids have been examined in endogenous opioid peptides which contain the amino acid sequence of enkephalin. Peptides studied include dynorphin-(1–8) and -(1–13), BAM-12P, -20P, and -22P, as well as α- and β-neo-endorphin. The approach used has previously been shown to correctly reproduce measured overall dimensions and helical contents for β-endorphin and β-lipotropin. All peptides examined are nearly devoid of helical content in water. However, with the exception of the shortest peptides, appreciable helical content can be developed in the presence of acidic lipids. The helical content is expecially well developed in the potent opioid peptides dynorphin-(1–13) and BAM-22P. Helical content in these two peptides occurs in a region closer to the enkephalin sequence than is the case in β-endorphin.
Rapid generation of human T cell hybridomas.

Abstract Using the concept of a selectable surface marker we have generated screenable human T cell hybridomas within 4–7 days of fusion. OKT4 + T cell blasts were fused with MOLT4, an OKT4 − T cell line, and OKT4 + fusion products were obtained by indirect rosetting technique. Supernatants of this heterogeneous population of hybrids were screened and those with activities of interest were subjected to cloning of soft agar and re-screening to dissect out various activities. Fusion efficiency, by staining, ranges from 6 to 80% depending on the state of activation of the T blasts and the growth phase of the MOLT4 line. This method allows for immoryalization of T cell subpopulations, clones and malignant cells to study factor production and potentially messenger RNA for these factors. Additionally selectable surface markers may be used in human B cell and rodent: human fusions, avoiding the innate toxicity of various selection media.
New intelligence releases: A British side to the story

(1999). New intelligence releases: A British side to the story. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 14, Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II, pp. 168-175.
Structure and absolute configuration of enhydrin bromohydrin

X-ray study of enhydrin bromohydrin, C23H29BrO10, reveals that the crystal has space groupP212121 with cell parametersa =10.08,b = 26.97, andc = 8.94 A. There are four molecules in the unit cell. The structure was solved by direct methods, with three-dimensional CuKα diffractometer data to θ = 75 °, and refined by block-diagonal least squares to anR index of 11.4% for 2254 reflections. The molecule is a germacronolide sesquiterpene having acis sterochemistry at the C(1), C(10) double bond and atrans configuration at the epoxide ring, C(4)-O-C(5). The absolute configuration established on the basis of the anomalous scattering of CuKα. radiation by the bromine atom shows that the asymmetric atoms have the 4R, 5R, 6S, 7S, 8S, 9S, 20S, and 22S configurations.
Germination-associated lipoxygenase transcripts persist in maturing soybean plants and are induced by jasmonate☆

Abstract Full-length and nearly full-length cDNA clones for the two major lipoxygenase (LOX) transcripts in the axis of germinating soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) represent transcripts distinct from those of the three seed LOX isozymes. Gene-specific probes revealed that the seedling axis LOX transcripts were absent in developing embryos, while seed LOX-3 transcripts did not accumulate in seedlings or in vegetative tissues. Seedling transcripts appeared in axes between 8 and 16 h after the start of imbihition (seeds germinated 24 h after the start of imbibition) and reached maximal levels at 32 h. One seedling transcript (pTK18) was found in all non-embryonic tissues examined: axes and roots and leaves of two-week plants; the second transcript (pTK11) was also found in vegetative tissues but in reduced levels when compared to pTK18, especially in the leaf. Both transcripts were elevated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the seedling. Thus, gene-specific probes allowed us to monitor the accumulation of two specific LOX transcripts under a variety of developmental and environmental conditions. Their accumulation in the seedling, persistence in vegetative tissues and their deduced consensus signal peptide sequences make them candidates for the MeJA-induced vacuolar vegetative storage protein LOXs. This identification awaits employing gene-specific LOX probes on wounded tissues and those from plants grown under nitrogen excess/deficiency and under water stress.
EEG and clinical predictors of medically intractable childhood epilepsy

Abstract Objectives : To identify electroencephalographic and clinical factors associated with both seizure control and medical intractability in children with epilepsy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed EEGs and medical records from children with well-controlled epilepsy or medically intractable epilepsy. Subjects: Features of the initial EEG and clinical findings were compared in 39 children with well controlled seizures and 144 with intractable epilepsy using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Strong univariate associates were noted between intractability and several EEG factors: abnormal EEG background including diffuse slowing, asymmetry, abnormal amplitude, a high frequency of spikes or sharp waves, and focal spike and wave activity. With multiple logistic regression, independent predictors of intractability were diffuse slowing and focal spike and wave activity. Strong univariate associates of clinical factors with intractability included: an early age of onset, simple partial, tonic, and myoclonic seizures, a history of status epilepticus, a symptomatic etiology of the seizures, and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging of the head. Multivariate analysis detected 4 independent clinical features associated with intractable epilepsy: symptomatic etiology, tonic seizures, simple partial seizures, and an early age of onset. Conclusions: There are a number of EEG and clinical features that can be identified early in the course of childhood epilepsy that are predictive of outcome. These findings will need to be verified in a prospective study.
Sex Attribution to Hypothetical Persons Described by Adjective Trait Lists

277 students wrote descriptions of hypothetical persons based on a set of four adjectives. The set of 4 adjectives consisted of one of the following: 4 masculine traits, 4 neutral traits, 2 masculine/2 feminine traits, and 4 feminine traits. Comparisons were made of the description based on these adjectives as to whether the hypothetical person described was male or female. Most of the descriptions were male with the proportion of males decreasing according to the number of female traits included in the adjective list. This was true even for the list made up of all female traits.
Fabrication techniques of photopolymer-clad waveguides for nonlinear polymeric modulators

There is growing interest in developing fabrication methods for optically nonlinear organic materials that are used in integrated optical modulators. Of particular interest are systems in which the NLO moiety is incorporated in a polymer system either as a dopant or chemically attached as a side chain to the polymer backbone. In order to realize the potential of these polymers, much research has been directed toward developing the technology required to form channel waveguides and demonstrate prototype polymeric modulators. Reported here are the fabrication details of a projection printing technique to form channel waveguides and prototype modulators. This technique has been used to characterize the optical properties of the polymers by the fabrication and testing of Mach Zehnder modulators. The projection printing technique forms inverted ribs in optical epoxies by noncontact exposure to a patterned UV light source. These inverted ribs are filled by spin coating with the electro-optic polymers to form channel waveguides. A second buffer layer is coated over the polymer by spinning and poling/device electrodes are added to form the completed modulator. Any spin coatable electro-optic polymer can be used as the active waveguide material by adjusting the inverted rib dimensions for single mode operation depending on the polymer/epoxy index difference. The practical engineering design considerations and fabrication procedures required for single mode channel waveguides and successful modulator construction are discussed in detail.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.