cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photographing the world ground up

A description of the Google Street View Project is provided, from the beginnings to its current state. Google Street View is perhaps the largest image data base ever collected. The goal of this project is to take panoramic images at every public place in this world and to make these images accessible through the Internet, so that people can "tele-port" themselves to anywhere, anytime. While the general idea behind Street View can be traced back to the MIT Movie Maps project that photographed major roads in Aspen in the late 1960s, a project of this sale and proportion has never been tried before. Many of the issues that arose in building up a fleet of vehicles, and processing endless pedabytes of image data in endless Google computer racks are reviewed. In addition, some of the implications of this new database, and key challenges in moving ahead are discussed.
Separation and Purification of Carbohydrates

The separation and purification of carbohydrates is a broad field encompassing molecules having substantially different physical properties (see Chap. 1.2) requiring a wide variety of analytical and separation methods. This chapter is divided into three sections based on the following physical properties of the carbohydrates: unprotected/neutral; unprotected/charged; and protected (Fig. 1). This chapter will focus on preparative methods that are scalable and those that permit the preparation of sufficient carbohydrate material for biological evaluation. Several books have recently been published on micro-analytical methods in carbohydrate chemistry and glycobiology [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. These analytical methods often focus more on detection than on separation. The current chapter will only briefly describe analytical methods critical for following preparative separations. The scalability (mg to kg) of each method will be discussed together with important considerations and pertinent examples relating to each method.
Innovations in tape storage automation at IBM

In the mid-1980s, tape storage appeared to be heading toward the graveyard. Storing information on large reels of tape that had to be manually mounted was expensive, inefficient, and prone to human error. In addition, competition from hard disk drives (HDDs) was growing. Data access on HDD was faster because the data was stored in a manner for rapid random access, not linearly as on tape, and HDD capacity was rapidly growing. Then, in 1984, IBM introduced the half-inch tape cartridge (3480), which was novel in its small form factor. In 1986, an automatic loading mechanism followed. In 1987 and 1988, competitors introduced the first automated tape libraries to use the half-inch tape cartridge. Suddenly, tape storage became considerably easier to use and more efficient. With automation, it also represented the least expensive way to store data. In 1993, IBM introduced the 3495 tape library, and now offers several different automated libraries ranging from the smaller 3575 MP and 3581/3583 models to very large libraries such as the 3494 and 3584 models. This paper examines the history of IBM tape storage and automation products, including the engineering challenges that were met in response to users' pressing requirements; it also examines the future of automated tape storage.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Polyelectrolyte Block Copolymer Brushes Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Their Use in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

Diblock copolymer polyelectrolyte brushes of either polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were synthesized using sequential monomer addition from a tethered 2...
A film repassivation kinetic model for potential-controlled slower electrode straining ☆

Abstract Potential-controlled slower electrode straining method was used to study film rupture and repassivation (FRR) kinetics. A model was developed to extract the kinetic parameters by correlating the anodic current transients measured vs. test time. Through comparison against experimental data, the model yields film repassivation kinetic values in reasonable agreement with the experimentally generated data and with those reported in the literature.
Screening for Prostate Cancer among Men 75 Years of Age or Older

Prostate-cancer screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test remains one of the most controversial issues in modern medicine. Dr. Michael Barry discusses the revised recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force regarding prostate-cancer screening.
A quantification of predation rates, indirect positive effects on plants, and foraging variation of the giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata

While a clear consensus is emerging that predators can play a major role in shaping terrestrial communities, basic natural history observations and simple quantifications of predation rates in complex terrestrial systems are lacking. The potential indirect effect of a large predatory ant, Paraponera clavata Fabricius (Formicidae: Ponerinae), on herbivores was determined on rainforest trees at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica and Barro Colorado Island in Panama. Prey and other food brought back to nests by 75 colonies of P. clavata were quantified, taking into account temporal, seasonal, and microhabitat variation for both foraging activity and composition of foraging booty. The dispersion and density of ant colonies and combined density with the mean amounts of prey retrieval were used to calculate rates of predation per hectare in the two forests. In addition, herbivory was measured on trees containing P. clavata and on trees where the ants were not foraging. Colonies at La Selva brought back significantly more nectar plus prey than those at Barro Colorado Island, but foraging patterns were similar in the two forests. At both forests, the ants were more active at night, and there was no significant seasonal or colonial variation in consumption of nectar, composition of foraging booty, and overall activity of the colonies. At La Selva, trees containing P. clavata colonies had the same levels of folivory as nearest neighbor trees without P. clavata but had significantly lower folivory than randomly selected trees. Predation by this ant was high in both forests, despite its omnivorous diet. This insect predator is part of potentially important top-down controls in these wet and moist forests.
A precaution in the application of the coincidence method for determining125I decay rates

Abstract The X-ray/X-ray coincidence method is an accurate and simple technique for calculating absolute disintegration rates for any125I source. The calculation of dpm (disintegrations per minute) compensates for some of the variations in125I counting efficiency caused by changes in sample volume, sample composition, container material and geometry. In the practical application of this technique there are some potential sources of error. These errors result in low dpm values and become more significant with increasing volume, increasing solute molarities, and increasing absorptivity of solutes.
In Vitro Embryo Culture in Defined, Sub-microliter Volumes

The high attrition rate of in vitro human embryo culture presents a major obstacle in the treatment of clinical infertility by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Physical and genetic requirements are not well understood for human or mouse preimplantation embryo development. Group culture is an established requirement for optimal embryo development in the mouse model. However, conventional microdrop culture limitations hinder investigations of the effects of physical parameters on in vitro embryo development. We report a microfluidics platform that enables embryo culture in precisely defined, sub-microliter volumes (5-500 nl) which cannot be investigated using conventional methods. Groups of two embryos per microfluidic well successfully developed to the blastocyst stage, at a rate of over 80%, which is comparable to those cultured in 20-microl microdrops. This system can be used to dissect physical requirements of in vitro single or group embryo culture, and be made highly parallel to increase experimental throughput.
Mast cell-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the airways of a murine asthma model and its regulation by cysteinyl leukotrienes☆

Abstract Rationale Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is secreted from activated mast cells (MCs). In the present study, we further investigated the role of MC-derived PAI-1 in the airways of a murine model of asthma. Methods MC-deficient WBB6F 1 - Kit W /Kit W-v (W/W v ) mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cultured MCs (BMCMCs) from PAI-1 −/− or PAI-1 +/+ mice (PAI-1 −/− →W/W v or PAI-1 +/+ →W/W v mice, respectively) and PAI-1 level was measured by ELISA. Human MC line (HMC-1) cells were stimulated by PMA/A3187 and primary cultured hMCs (PCHMCs) by FcϵRI crosslinking with or without asthma drugs and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs). Results The secretion of PAI-1 in the airways was greatly reduced in W/W v mice as compared with wild type (+/+) mice in a murine asthma model. PAI-1 levels in PAI-1 +/+ →W/W v mice were restored almost similar to the levels of +/+ mice, whereas PAI-1 levels in PAI-1 −/− →W/W v mice were less than 50% of those in +/+ mice. To determine the effect of commonly used asthma drugs on PAI-1 regulation in MCs, albuterol, corticosteroids, and Montelukast were tested. Only Montelukast reduced PAI-1 secretion in stimulated HMC-1 cells by 30.7%. Upon stimulation by FcϵRI crosslinking, LTD 4 augmented PAI-1 production in PCHMCs and MK571 reduced the augmentative effect of LTD 4 . Furthermore, we found that Montelukast reduced the secretion of PAI-1 in the airways of a murine model of asthma. Conclusions These findings suggest that MCs are a main source of PAI-1 in the airways of a murine asthma model and cysLT receptor 1 is an important regulator of MC-derived PAI-1 production.
CD163 Expression Confers Susceptibility to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Direct functional screening of a cDNA expression library derived from primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) revealed that CD163 is capable of conferring a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-permissive phenotype when introduced into nonpermissive cells. Transient-transfection experiments showed that full-length CD163 cDNAs from PAM, human U937 cells (histiocytic lymphoma), African green monkey kidney cells (MARC-145 and Vero), primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, and canine DH82 (histocytosis) cells encode functional virus receptors. In contrast, CD163 splice variants without the C-terminal transmembrane anchor domain do not provide PRRSV receptor function. We established several stable cell lines expressing CD163 cDNAs from pig, human, and monkey, using porcine kidney (PK 032495), feline kidney (NLFK), or baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) as the parental cell lines. These stable cell lines were susceptible to PRRSV infection and yielded high titers of progeny virus. Cell lines were phenotypically stable over 80 cell passages, and PRRSV could be serially passed at least 60 times, yielding in excess of 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml.
Functional capacity of dystrophins carrying deletions in the N-terminal actin-binding domain

Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Although many in-frame deletions in the dystrophin gene lead to mild cases of BMD, truncations within the N-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD1) typically decrease dystrophin expression and lead to more severe cases of BMD. Because of the large reduction in protein expression, the functional capacity of dystrophin proteins deleted for subportions of ABD1 has been difficult to ascertain. ABD1 contains three actin-binding sequences designated ABS1-3. In the present study, we examined the pathophysiological effects of in-frame actin-binding sequence deletions in the context of a highly functional microdystrophin (DeltaR4-R23/DeltaCT). We delivered microdystrophins into the tibialis anterior muscles of 2-day-old dystrophin-deficient mdx mice using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. Muscles expressing microdystrophin with an intact ABD1 displayed normal morphology and specific force generation and were partially protected from contraction-induced injury when evaluated at 4 months of age. In contrast, muscles expressing microdystrophins lacking ABS2 and 3 or ABS3 alone developed significantly lower levels of specific force and were highly susceptible to contraction-induced injury. Microdystrophins with deletions within ABD1 were also less able to protect myofibers from degeneration than was a microdystrophin with the complete ABD1. We conclude that an intact ABD1 is required to support normal contractile properties of skeletal muscle and to protect against myofiber necrosis.
Research and Performance Simulation on a Carrier Recovery Phase Error Detection Algorithms in Satellite Communications

In high-speed satellite communications, carrier recovery technique is a pivotal technique in demodulator. The algorithms of carrier recovery influence the capability of the receiver directly. This paper first studies and deduces the general architectures of carrier recovery loop in details, which is based on the maximum a posteriori estimation. It introduces and analyses the characteristic of the carrier phase error detection algorithms. The Phase discrimination characteristic is a dominating capability index of the loop, so the paper gives the result of the capability analysis of the loop. The result shows that under the low signal-to-noise ratio situation, QPSK is more appropriate to this carrier recovery loop.
Head Mounted Displays for Medical Use

Head Mounted Displays have been used in various forms to assist surgeons and other medical personnel to support and improve visualization of the work site. Historically, many of these were of inadequate resolution, bulky, cave-like and heavy and they, deservedly, received limited acceptance. Recent availability of high-resolution displays, lighter structures and the various see-though designs that merge both real world and registered synthetic imagery have significantly increased the benefits of these devices for the medical community.
Microprobe Analysis of a Au-Containing Alloy and its Amalgam

Microprobe and X-ray diffraction analysis of a Ag, Sn, and Au spherical alloy showed a β (Ag-Sn) and γ (Ag-Sn) structure with Au substituted for Ag and small areas of Sn-Au segregation. The γ2 Phase was not detected in amalgams made from this alloy after a short period of aging. The reaction phases were determined to be AuSn 2 and AuSn4.
A Nervous Heart

A 42-year-old man was referred to our Hypertension Center for increasing episodes of tachycardia and elevated blood pressure (BP) readings. Over the past 3 years, he had been progressively experiencing frequent and worsening episodes characterized by palpitations, chest discomfort, and tremors, symptoms that the patient referred to as “a nervous heart.” These spells would only last a few minutes most of the time, sometimes completely resolving after 1 hour. On a few occasions, BP readings were elevated above 200/110 mm Hg. Multiple studies and tests performed at different medical centers, including plasma creatinine, thyroid hormones, aldosterone levels, rennin activity, and plasma fractionated metanephrines, were all normal. Full-body computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging, renal artery duplex studies, electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiogram, and stress echo studies were also all unremarkable. On presenting to our clinic, his resting heart …
Extended interferon-alpha therapy accelerates telomere length loss in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes.

Background: Type I interferons have pleiotropic effects on host cells, including inhibiting telomerase in lymphocytes and antiviral activity. We tested the hypothesis that long-term interferon treatment would result in significant reduction in average telomere length in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Methods/Principal Findings: Using a flow cytometry-based telomere length assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from the Hepatitis-C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) study, we measured T cell telomere lengths at screening and at months 21 and 45 in 29 Hepatitis-C virus infected subjects. These subjects had failed to achieve a sustained virologic response following 24 weeks of pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin treatment and were subsequently randomized to either a no additional therapy group or a maintenance dose pegylated-IFNa group for an
A Study of a Wind Farm Power System

A wind power system differs from a conventional power system. In a conventional power plant, the operator can control the plant’s output. The output of a wind farm cannot be controlled because the output fluctuates with the wind. In this study, we investigated only the fixed-frequency induction generator, often used with wind turbines. We adopted the worst-case scenario and conducted a per-phase, per-turbine analysis. Our analysis showed a strong interaction among the wind farm, the utility grid, and the individual generator. In this paper, we investigate the power-system interaction resulting from power variations at wind farms using steady-state analysis. We use the characteristic of a real windsite on a known weak grid. We present different types of capacitor compensations and use phasor diagrams to illustrate the characteristics of these compensations. The purpose of our study is to provide wind farm developers with somc insights on wind farm power systems.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Modes of regeneration in Pelargonium × hortorum (Geraniaceae) and three closely related species

Modes of regeneration from hypocotyl explants were studied in Pelargonium × hortorum ‘Scarlet Orbit,’ and three wild relatives, P. zonale, P. alchemilloides, and P. inquinans, on different cytokinin treatments [1 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), 4 μM TDZ, or 8 μM N6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)]. P. × hortorum ‘Scarlet Orbit’ and P. zonale showed similar high numbers of easily detached, embryo-like structures in response to 1 μM TDZ; P. alchemilloides and P. inquinans showed weak embryogenic responses to all treatments. To revisit whether P. × hortorum produces somatic embryos, and to examine modes of regeneration in the wild species, the histology of regenerating structures on hypocotyl explants in 1 μM TDZ was examined. Both P. × hortorum and P. zonale produced embryo-like structures from single cell derivatives of epidermal cells. Globular-shaped structures transitioned into heart-shaped structures that had loose attachments to explant surfaces and no vascular connection to the explant. Roots with direct vascular connections to the rest of the embryo-like structures were never observed; root organogenesis appeared to be secondary. We propose that P. × hortorum and P. zonale exhibit partial somatic embryogenesis, in which all of the criteria for somatic embryos are met except formation of a root pole. In both species, explants forming embryo-like structures could also undergo shoot organogenesis, where shoots exhibited a broad base of attachment to the explant and a vascular connection to vascular nodules within the explant. Epidermally derived embryo-like structures were not observed in P. alchemilloides or P. inquinans in response to 1 μM TDZ. Shoot organogenesis occurred in P. alchemilloides but not in P. inquinans.
Effects of acidic phospholipids, nucleotides, and heparin on the activity of lipase from rat liver lysosomes

Purification and characterization of endogenous lipid factors that stimulate rat liver lysosomal lipase has led to the identification of cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid as stimulators of this activity. Bovine heart cardiolipin (half-maximal stimulation at 1.5 × 10–4 m ) and bovine brain phosphatidylserine (half-maximal stimulation at 9.5 × 10–4 m ) were the most potent of the phospholipids from other sources tested. The major rate-enhancing effect of phosphatidylserine is expressed as a 35-fold increase in the apparent Vmax of the enzyme. The effect is produced by acid phospholipids specifically, since in no case was there greater than a two-fold stimulation by synthetic detergents, zwitterionic phospholipids, taurocholic acid, or gum acacia. The observed degree of stimulation depends upon the detergent used to disperse tripalmitin substrate and the relative concentrations of factor and detergent in reaction mixtures. The concentration of phosphatidylserine to produce half-maximal stimulation is directly dependent upon the Triton X-100 concentration, but the effects of this detergent on cardiolipin stimulation are more complex. Enzyme activity is inhibited 50% by 1 m m nucleoside triphosphate and 2.5 m m ADP, 80% by 1 m m PPi, 100% by 20 U/ml heparin and 0.25 mg/ml chondroitin sulfate, and 80% by 10 m m sulfate ion. Inhibition is partially prevented by phosphatidylserine.
Public Sector Management Reform in Developing Countries: Perspectives Beyond NPM Orthodoxy

Summary With the passage of time and the accumulation of experience, the hegemony of the New Public Management (NPM) (now no longer new) as the dominant approach to public sector reform has weakened, particularly as applied to developing countries. What alternative frameworks for theory and practice offer insights and guidance beyond the NPM orthodoxy? This article offers some answers to this question and draws upon the contributions to this special issue to explore four analytic strands that constitute post-NPM approaches to reform: political economy and institutions, public management function over form, iterative and adaptive reform processes, and individual and collective agency. The discussion highlights the significance of functional mimicry, the challenges of measuring results, the practical difficulties in achieving contextual fit and accounting for the inherent uncertainty in reform processes, the tensions between ownership and outside expertise, and unpacking political economy dynamics within various micro-contexts and across regime types. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental screening of acidic compounds based on capillary zone electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence detection with identification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry

This paper describes the application of capillary zone electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE/LIF) to the discovery of acidic compounds in environmental matrixes or the screening of extracts for acidic components. Published studies indicate that coal-derived materials contain a significant fraction of acidic compounds relative to materials derived from petroleum and shales. Such compounds may be useful as marker compounds for site assessment and source apportionment issues, and their identification may be important in toxicological and other health issues. We used deep-UV light from the frequency-doubled Ar ion laser at 244 and 257 nm to study extracts of samples. The CZE/LIF technique possesses good sensitivity and therefore overcomes one of the limitations of CZE with UV detection. The present work depends on high pressureltemperature solvent extraction of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PNA)-contaminated soil, followed by separation using CZE. The anionic analytes were separated by using borate or phosphate buffer (pH 9.2-12.3) after a chemical class separation. Samples were also characterized by gas chromatographylmass spectrometry (GC/MS) using full scans at low resolution, and elemental compositions were determined unequivocally by GC/high-resolution MS (GC/HRMS) using mass peak profiling (MPP). The similarity of low-resolution electron ionization mass spectra for a standard, 1-hydroxypyrene, and for a series of compounds in a contaminated-soil extract suggested that several types of phenolic and hydroxy-PNAs were present, including hydroxylated derivatives of fluorenes, fluoranthenes, and pyrenes. GC/HRMS using MPP confirmed the elemental compositions of the hydroxyfluorenes and hydroxypyrenes (and presumably hydroxyfluoranthenes) as [C 13 H 10 O] and [C 16 H 10 O], respectively. A new version of the MPP software was written for the Finnigan-MAT 900S-Trap and was similar to that developed previously for the VG 250SE. Inclusion of a calibration ion in addition to a lock mass ion in the multiple-ion detection descriptor provided errors of <1 ppm for the 3 partial profiles of the analytes. A mass resolution of 31 000 was used to resolve the analyte signals from interferences evident in the full M+1 and M+2 profiles in the case of the hydroxyfluorenes. Derivatization was also performed to form the tertbutyldimethylsilyl derivatives of phenolic hydroxy groups as a further confirmation of structure.
Optimal Control of a Wind Turbine for Tradeoff Analysis Between Energy Harvesting and Noise Emission

An optimal control approach for a wind turbine drivetrain with the objective of maximizing energy harvesting and minimizing noise emission is presented. One of the major challenges facing the public acceptance for continuous growth of wind turbine installation is its noise emission. However, reducing the noise emission could lead to decreased wind energy harvesting. As a result, a tradeoff arises between power generation and noise emission, especially when a wind turbine operates under the partial-load condition.This paper will show that through controlling the generator electromagnetic torque and/or the blade pitch angle, an optimal tradeoff between wind turbine energy harvesting and noise emission can be obtained. The dynamic model of a wind turbine drivetrain and a noise emission prediction model are also presented. Simulation results of using the proposed control design for different wind speed ranges are analyzed and compared.© 2013 ASME
Myocardial perfusion imaging with 99mTc-DMPE in man.

Technetium-99m DMPE (99mTc-DMPE) is a newly synthesized myocardial perfusion imaging agent that shows intense myocardial accumulation in the dog. In the present study, dosimetry and potential clinical usefulness of this agent were assessed in four human subjects. Absorbed radiation doses were low, with the highest doses consisting of 200 mrad/mCi (54 μGy/MBq) to the gallbladder and 160 mrad/mCi (43 μGy/MBq) to the liver. No evidence of clinical toxicity was found. Technetium-99m DMPE did image the myocardium, but the ratio of target to nontarget activity was less favorable than that observed in the dog. Intense hepatic 99mTc-DMPE activity interfered with clinical imaging of the cardiac apex in two of the four subjects. We conclude that the prototype radiopharmaceutical, 99mTc-DMPE, is capable of myocardial perfusion imaging in man but the planar myocardial images produced are of inferior quality compared with 201Tl myocardial images. Further work is justified to develop related compounds to overcome the clinical limitations described.
Low Temperature Deposition of Ba0.96Ca0.04Ti0.84Zr0.16O3 Thin Films on Pt Electrodes by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Ba0.96Ca0.04Ti0.84Zr0.16O3 (BCTZ) films acceptor-doped with 0.8 at. % Sc were deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates using rf magnetron sputtering. Substrate temperatures throughout the fabrication process remained at or below 450°C, which allows this process to be compatible with many materials commonly used in IC manufacturing. In addition, this process made no use of oxygen in the sputter gas or in annealing atmospheres and thus it remains compatible with easily oxidized materials. A relative dielectric constant of 166 was achieved along with a loss tangent of 0.006 to 0.17 at 10 kHz. The tunability of the dielectric constant was greater than 50 %. Leakage current densities of 1.6×10-8 A/cm2 were observed at 300K with 300 kV/cm of applied electric field. In comparison, Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) films prepared under similar conditions show much greater leakage.
Innovation Demand and Approach of Rural Land Policy in China: Analysis Based on Statistic and Literature Data in Recent Years

The purpose of this paper is to explore the innovation approach of rural land policy under the transformational development period.Methods of documentation and induction were employed.The results indicate that rural land problem exists mainly in cultivated land protection,land rights stability,arable land transfer,rural land expropriation,etc.Against the background of livelihood diversification,transition of urban-rural relations,and modern agricultural development,the macroscopic environment of rural land use in China has undergone profound changes,and hence the conditions and the time of innovating rural land system and mechanism are ripe enough.Finally,policy suggestions,including substitution of rural land development rights,secession of land contractual management rights,conduction of arable land transfer,transaction of rural construction land,perfection of relevant system,are provided.
Parameter matching of series reactor in reactive compensation capacitor bank

Series reactor is the important part of the reactive power compensation capacitor,the series reactance rate improperly selected may cause the resonance between the capacitor and the system,affecting the safety of equipment and the system stability.The power capacitor switching operation and field test in a substation indicate the mismatching of reactor parameters leads directly to the capacitor fuse explosion.If the current limiting reactor is equipped,not only the appropriate series reactance rate should be selected,but also the equivalent series reactance rate of capacitor bank considered.The corresponding solutions are given according to site situations and the harmonics of shunt compensating branch are analyzed for different series reactance rates of capacitor bank.
Discussion on Welding Flameproof Enclosure Processing Technology

Combined with the national explosion-proof standard GB3836.2-2010 and machining requirements,explores welding flameproof enclosure for welding,machining and testing process.Describes the methods of eliminating welding stress;Analyses of the various factors influencing the flameproof surface accuracy of error;Proposes measures to reduce or prevent;Elaborates review content and method of flameproof enclosure,analyses the flameproof enclosure total process flow,puts forward the matters needing attention.
Fundamental Large-Scale Structure of Mean Precipitation in the Montane United States: Technique

Mean precipitation charts for mountainous terrain or terrain of considerable relief are usually very similar in appearance to topographic charts. This is, of course, because of the well-known variation of precipitation with elevation (e.g. Figure 1). Unfortunately, this strong topographic signal obscures the large-scale precipitation patterns of dynamic origin and the fluctuations of those patterns. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a method for removing the topographic signal from the precipitation data in order to reveal the large-scale dynamic patterns.
Consumers' Privacy Concerns about Smart Meters

Smart meters are digital electrical meters that offer “two-way, near real time communication” between homes and utilities. While smart meters have the potential to solve our current energy problems, they have also brought new problems regarding the consumers’ privacy. We first develop a measurement model to measure the consumers’ concerns about information privacy in adopting smart meters. Then, we propose a conceptual model to examine the relationship between privacy concerns, trusting beliefs, risk beliefs, and intentions to adopt smart meters. Empirical data were collected from 103 survey respondents and analyzed using CFA and PLS regression techniques. Results show that consumers’ information privacy concerns about adopting smart meters can be measured in three dimensions: collection, secondary use, and improper access. In addition, the effect of information privacy concerns about intentions is fully mediated by risk beliefs. Among the control variables, privacy experiences have a significantly negative effect on intentions.
Mechanisms and predictors of recurrent tachycardia after catheter ablation for d-transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard or Senning operation

Background The Senning and Mustard operations for dextro-transposition of the great arteries are associated with an increased risk for supraventricular tachycardia. Catheter ablation has been shown to be acutely successful for achieving rhythm control in this population, but the mechanisms of recurrence are ill-defined. Objective We hypothesized that the type and degree of recurrence would vary by the surgical technique used. Methods All consecutive catheter ablation procedures for dextro-transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard or Senning operation between 2004 and 2016 at a single center were reviewed. Tachycardia mechanisms were determined by complete 3-dimensional mapping in addition to a standard electrophysiological technique for all cases. Results Twenty-eight patients underwent 38 procedures during the study period. The most common mechanism at the index procedure was intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia using the cavotricuspid isthmus. Over a median follow-up period of 1.6 years, 9 patients experienced recurrent tachycardia (32%), all of whom underwent repeat catheter ablation. Tachycardia recurrence was more common after the Senning vs the Mustard operation (6 of 10 [60%] vs 3 of 18 [17%]; P = .034). In addition, substrates for recurrence were different from those encountered at the index procedure in 10 of 13 tachycardias (77%), with the single most common location being the posterior anastomosis after the Senning operation. Complete control was ultimately achieved in 27 patients (96%) when considering all procedures. Conclusion Recurrent tachycardia after catheter ablation appears to be more common after the Senning operation and to involve substrates unique to this repair. The posterior anastomosis is commonly implicated and should not be overlooked.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Cerion uva uva (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata: Stylommatophora: Cerionidae)

We report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Cerion uva uva (Linnaeus 1758), the type species of the type genus of the family Cerionidae. The mitogenome is 15,043 bp in length, has a base composition of A (28.3%), T (34.4%), C (17.3%) and G (20.0%), and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, as well as 22 transfer RNA genes. Gene order is the same as in Cerion incanum (Leidy 1851), but differs from those of all other Panpulmonata. This is the second mitochondrial genome sequenced within the family Cerionidae and will contribute to the assessment of the phylogeography of this family throughout the islands of the tropical western Atlantic.
Dispute Resolution in Professional Athletics: 'Re-Integrative Shaming' and 'The Best Interest of the Sport'

Athletic leagues are too often branded as criminal hotbeds, causing both leagues and players to suffer from the consequences of this misconception. Leagues, clubs, and athletes can overcome this stigma by introducing the principles of restorative justice into their dispute management and resolution systems. Individuals who engage in restorative practices, such as victim-offender mediation, circles, and conferences, witness significant advancements in the nuance of their ability to empathize. Moreover, by aligning the best interests of each party to the dispute (athlete, club, league, and community), the perception of athletics, as a whole, improves.
A Closer Look at Enabling Technologies and Knowledge Value

Big data science has the capacity to literally transform nursing roles in the near future. By analyzing large-scale data sets, nurse data scientist can discover knowledge value, or patterns hidden in the data that can improve the health and wellbeing of patients. Such patterns can then be programmed as algorithms and embedded in software located in computers, smartphones and other mobile devices. These devices may include electronic stethoscopes, hand held ultrasound units, point of care lab testing, sleep and activity monitors and a host of other devices. New software applications can classify disease conditions, identify best practices and predict events such as sepsis, pressure ulcers and falls. Sophisticated clinical decision support applications will augment nurses’ cognition and provide the capacity for an expanded scope of practice. Thus the traditional hospital centric models of the past that required patients to be physically located where advanced diagnostic and monitoring equipment was available are diminishing. And as a result nurses’ roles are transitioning to that of care coordinators, health information brokers and consultants that provide care primarily in the home. This chapter takes a closer look at these enabling technologies and how they are changing nursing.
Power of the Powerless: A Process Model of Power Seeking in Teams

Despite the widespread recognition that power dynamics have important consequences for individuals and the collective in a team setting, the literature has fallen short in explaining the processes ...
Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization by Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Complexes

“Ring-opening metathesis polymerization” (ROMP) is a way of making polymers from cyclic olefins, as shown in equation 1, where R1 is the rate of forming polymer initially (in some cases reversibly) and R2 is the rate of “secondary metathesis” to give all possible linear and cyclic species.
Plasma levels of growth hormone and glucagon in diabetic patients and relatives of diabetic patients.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the plasma levels of growth hormone and glucagon in diabetic patients and relatives of diabetic patients. Excessive secretion of growth hormone has been postulated as playing a role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The chapter describes a study that dealt with plasma levels of growth hormone determined during the administration of arginine and of glucose to healthy control subjects, first-degree nondiabetic relatives of diabetic patients, patients with subclinical diabetes mellitus, and patients with latent diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of paradoxical secretion of growth hormone with the ingestion of glucose was surprisingly high in all studied groups. Paradoxical secretion occurred in 10.5% of a group of 57 healthy control subjects, in 15.8% of 63 nondiabetic relatives, in 14.8% of 27 subclinical diabetic patients, and in 8.3% of 84 patients with latent diabetes. The chapter describes the three characteristics that distinguish this type of paradoxical secretion of growth hormone from the type of paradoxical secretion reported in acute porphyria or in tumor involvement of the central nervous system.
Application of in vitro methods to study carbon uptake and transport by AM fungi.

Just as multi-compartmented root chambers have advantages over standard plastic pots for the study of nutrient uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi in soil, so the split-plate in vitro system has advantages over the standard dual culture system for the study of the physiology of AM fungi. We used the split-plate culture system of Ri T-DNA transformed Daucus carota L. roots and Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, in which only the fungus has access to the distal compartment, to study the ability of germ tubes and extraradical and intraradical hyphae to take up 13C-labeled substrates. Labeled substrates were added to one side of the plate divider and plates were incubated for 8 weeks while the fungus proliferated on the side from which the root was excluded. Tissues then were recovered from the plate and examined via NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that the morphological phases of the fungus differed in their ability to take up these substrates, most notably that intraradical hyphae take up hexose while extraradical hyphae cannot. In addition, NMR studies indicated that intraradical hyphae actively synthesized lipids while extraradical hyphae did not. These data show that eventual axenic culture of AM fungi is more than a matter of finding the proper substrate for growth. Genetic regulation must be overcome to make extraradical hyphae behave like intraradical hyphae in terms of C uptake and metabolism.
Effects of Thiolate Ligation in Monoiron Hydrogenase (Hmd): Stability of the {Fe(CO)2}2+ Core with NNS Ligands.

In this work, we report the effects of NNS-thiolate ligands and nuclearity (monomer, dimer) on the stability of iron complexes related to the active site of monoiron hydrogenase (Hmd). A thermally ...
Clinical Decision Support System for Managing COPD-Related Readmission Risk

Hospital readmission is an important quality-of-care indicator that reflects challenges in quality of in-patient care and the difficulty of coordination of care after the transition back into the community. It can also be a significant financial burden, especially as it relates to Medicare and Medicaid costs now and into the future. In this study, we develop a text-mining-based methodology for providing decision support to identify patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, that are likely to be readmitted. The proposed methodology is tested with real-life data to demonstrate how it can be used to help healthcare providers target high-risk discharged patients to reduce readmission.
Unveiling the regulation of NKT17 cell differentiation and function

Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are distinct from conventional T cells. iNKT cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that can specifically recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, an MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecule. Currently, iNKT cells are distinguished in three functionally distinct subsets. Each subset is defined by lineage-specifying factors: T-bet shapes the fate of NKT1 subset that mainly secretes IFNγ, Gata3 specifies the NKT2 subset that produces robustly IL-4 whereas RORγt seals the differentiation of NKT17 subset that secretes IL-17. In the present review, the focus is placed on the regulation of NKT17 specification and their function.
Multigenerational consequences of early-life cannabinoid exposure in zebrafish.

Abstract While Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been widely studied in the realm of developmental and reproductive toxicology, few studies have investigated potential toxicities from a second widely used cannabis constituent, cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is popularized for its therapeutic potential for reducing seizure frequencies in epilepsy. This study investigated developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) via multigenerational gene expression patterns, behavior phenotypes, and reproductive fitness of a subsequent F1 following an F0 developmental exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to THC (0.024, 0.12, 0.6 mg/L; 0.08, 0.4, 2 μM) or CBD (0.006, 0.03, 0.15 mg/L; 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 μM). Embryonic exposure at these concentrations did not cause notable morphological abnormalities in either F0 or F1 generations. However, during key developmental stages (14, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post fertilization) THC and CBD caused differential expression of c-fos, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), and deleted-in-azoospermia like (dazl), while in F1 larvae only CBD differentially expressed dazl. Larval photomotor behavior was reduced (F0) or increased (F1) by THC exposure, while CBD had no effect on F0 larvae, but decreased activity in the unexposed F1 larvae. These results support our hypothesis of cannabinoid-related developmental neurotoxicity. As adults, F0 fecundity was reduced, but it was not in F1 adults. Conversely, in the adult open field test there were no significant effects in F0 fish, but a significant reduction in the time in periphery was seen in F1 fish from the highest THC exposure group. The results highlight the need to consider long-term ramifications of early-life exposure to cannabinoids.
Translation of Belluzzi or The Happy City by Lodovico Zuccolo

In The Happy City, Zuccolo describes a “real life” example of a utopian city: the Republic of San Marino. Freedom is the essential factor that makes this city ideal: the citizens rule themselves and are free from internal strife. The causes of San Marino’s happiness are few and simple; some are attributed to its site, some to its people. The city’s rugged terrain makes it impregnable, its healthy location renders the citizens healthy and intelligent, whereas the cultivation its rocky fields requires harsh toil and forces the people to be laborious and avoid idleness. The citizens maintain a peaceful close-knit society by adopting a simple life-style, adhering to ancient laws and habits, avoiding extreme economic differences, and, most of all, embodying the virtue of prudence.
A winter to remember! Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for life-threatening asthma in children: A case series and review of literature

Progressive refractory near-fatal asthma requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation can lead to death. Data on outcomes in children requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for status asthmaticus is sparse. We describe our experience of three patients in the winter of 2018 to 2019 successfully rescued with ECMO. We also report our novel use of extubation while still being on ECMO support. Awareness and use of ECMO in refractory asthma can help lower the mortality for this very common disease in children. We also review the current literature on the use of ECMO and other extracorporeal therapies in asthma.
Prognostic model for multiple myeloma progression integrating gene expression and clinical features.

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer caused by abnormal accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow. With the increase in treatment options, risk-adapted therapy is becoming more and more important. Survival analysis is commonly applied to study progression or other events of interest and stratify the risk of patients. Results In this study, we present the current state-of-the-art model for MM prognosis and the molecular biomarker set for stratification: the winning algorithm in the 2017 Multiple Myeloma DREAM Challenge, Sub-Challenge 3. Specifically, we built a non-parametric complete hazard ranking model to map the right-censored data into a linear space, where commonplace machine learning techniques, such as Gaussian process regression and random forests, can play their roles. Our model integrated both the gene expression profile and clinical features to predict the progression of MM. Compared with conventional models, such as Cox model and random survival forests, our model achieved higher accuracy in 3 within-cohort predictions. In addition, it showed robust predictive power in cross-cohort validations. Key molecular signatures related to MM progression were identified from our model, which may function as the core determinants of MM progression and provide important guidance for future research and clinical practice. Functional enrichment analysis and mammalian gene-gene interaction network revealed crucial biological processes and pathways involved in MM progression. The model is dockerized and publicly available at https://www.synapse.org/#!Synapse:syn11459638. Both data and reproducible code are included in the docker. Conclusions We present the current state-of-the-art prognostic model for MM integrating gene expression and clinical features validated in an independent test set.
Two-Element Biomimetic Antenna Array Design and Performance

Arrays of closely-spaced antennas with mutual coupling have been considered recently with analogies to the hearing mechanism in small insects that exhibit excellent direction finding capabilities. We develop a model for a two-element array system that includes three distinct noise sources and a 4-port electrical network that couples the antennas to the measurement loads. The optimum coupling network that minimizes the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for angle of arrival (AOA) estimation is derived and a design method is presented to synthesize the network. A compact expression for the CRB provides insights about the fundamental value of mutual coupling and the importance of an optimum coupling network, and we show simulation results for an AOA estimator that achieves the CRB.