cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How self-evaluations relate to being liked by others: Integrating sociometer and attachment perspectives

What is the relation between self-evaluation and being liked by others? Does being liked by others lead to more positive self-evaluations (as in sociometer theory), or do positive self-evaluations lead to being liked more (self-broadcasting)? Furthermore, what might affect the extent to which self-evaluations are influenced by likability (and vice versa)? The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, it used a naturalistic design to test the direction of the effect between social self-evaluations and others' judgments of likability in real relationships. Second, it examined how individual differences in attachment avoidance and anxiety relate to self-evaluations and likability and whether attachment differences moderate the relation between the two. Social self-evaluations, actual interpersonal liking, and attachment were assessed in participants taking part in a longitudinal group study. The findings supported the sociometer theory: Being liked by others led to more positive self-evaluations. Both anxious and avoidant attachment predicted lower self-evaluations, and anxious attachment predicted stronger reactions to others' liking (i.e., potentiated the sociometer). These findings have several implications for research on self-evaluation, adult attachment theory, and the importance of integrating interpersonal processes and individual differences.
Synthetic strategies for the generation of ABCA' type asymmetric tetrablock terpolymers

We report the synthesis of poly(lactide)-b-poly(styrene)-b-poly(butadiene)-b-poly(lactide) (LSBL′) and poly(styrene)-b-poly(isoprene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(styrene) (SIOS′) tetrablock terpolymers with asymmetrically sized end blocks. A combination of anionic polymerization and ring opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) of (±)-lactide was used to synthesize LSBL′ while SIOS′ was prepared by a combination of anionic polymerization and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. All intermediate and final products were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and specific control experiments for the LSBL′ tetrablock confirmed the successful synthesis.
Approximate Analysis of a Floor Assembly in a Multistory Building Frame

A computer algorithm, along with a workable program in the BASIC language, is presented by which each floor beam in a multistory building frame, together with the attached columns, may be analyzed as a subassembly. The objective is to obtain results close to those which would otherwise be obtained by a whole frame analysis. With the subassembly analysis method, more trials may be made in the preliminary design stage, although whole frame analysis still needs to be employed when deemed appropriate. The subassembly method may be in first order, or in second order including both column instability and Pdelta effects, allowing the same options as in whole frame analysis. The far ends of the upper columns are assumed to be connected to plates fixed against rotation but free to have sidesway. The connections themselves, however, may be semirigid, rigid, or overrigid, quantitively described by a set of rotation coefficients that may be preset or automatically generated. The far ends of the lower columns are similarly connected, defined by another set of rotation coefficients; but the plates are restrained in both rotation and sidesway. The floor beams have unknown slopes at the columns, as well as an unknown sidesway. Rotation coefficients for various patterns of gravity loads are suggested in the article, and they are automatically generated for combined gravity and lateral loads. They may be taken, too, from any trial or similar whole frame analysis.
The Tablet Inscribed: Inclusive Writing Instruction With the iPad

Despite the author's initial skepticism, a classroom set of iPads has reinforced a student-directed approach to writing instruction, while also supporting an inclusive classroom. Using the iPads, students guide their writing process with access to the learning management system, electronic information resources, and an online text editor. Students are able to exchange ideas and work collaboratively in an environment that promotes fluency.
Managed care spillover effects.

▪ Abstract In addition to influencing care for patients enrolled in managed care plans, growth in managed care could lead to broad changes in the structure and functioning of the health care system that could ultimately influence care for all patients, even those not covered by managed care plans. This paper summarizes the mechanisms by which these effects could arise, including shifts in the types of services available in markets and changes in physician practice patterns. The paper summarizes available empirical evidence on broad-level effects of managed care, concluding that the literature supports the view that managed care can have generalized effects on health care spending, utilization patterns, and infrastructure, although existing literature has not clearly identified effects on health outcomes.
Bochdalek Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in an Adult Sheep.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare condition. The aetiology of CDH is often unclear. In our case, a hollow mass was noted on MRI. Cardiac ejection fraction was diminished (47.0%) compared to 60.5% (average of 10 other normal animals, P < 0.05). The final diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek type) was made when the sheep underwent surgery. The hernia was right-sided and contained the abomasum. Lung biopsy demonstrated incomplete development with a low number of bronchopulmonary segments and vessels. The likely cause of this hernia was genetic malformation.
Joint Power Optimization for Multi-Source Multi-Destination Relay Networks

In this paper, low-complexity joint power assignment algorithms are developed for multi-source multi-destination relay networks where multiple sources share a common relay that forwards all received signals simultaneously to destinations. In particular, we consider the following power optimization strategies: (i) Minimization of the total transmission power of the sources and the relay under the constraint that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirement of each source-destination pair is satisfied, and (ii) Maximization of the minimum SINR among all source-destination pairs subject to any given total power budget. Both optimization problems involve K power variables, where K is the number of source-destination pairs in the network, and an exhaustive search is prohibitive for large K. In this work, we develop a methodology that allows us to obtain an asymptotically tight approximation of the SINR and reformulate the original optimization problems to single-variable optimization problems, which can be easily solved by numerical search of the single variable. Then, the corresponding optimal transmission power at each source and relay can be calculated directly. The proposed optimization schemes are scalable and lead to power assignment algorithms that exhibit the same optimization complexity for any number (K) of source-destination pairs in the network. Moreover, we apply the methodology that we developed to solve a related max-min SINR based optimization problem in which we determine power assignment for the sources and the relay to maximize the minimum SINR among all source-destination pairs subject to any given total power budget. Extensive numerical studies illustrate and validate our theoretical developments.
Effects of vibrational motion on core-level spectra of prototype organic molecules

A computational approach is presented for prediction and interpretation of core-level spectra of complex molecules. Applications are presented for several isolated organic molecules, sampling a range of chemical bonding and structural motifs. Comparison with gas phase measurements indicates that spectral lineshapes are accurately reproduced both above and below the ionization potential, without resort to ad hoc broadening. Agreement with experiment is significantly improved upon inclusion of vibrations via molecular dynamics sampling. We isolate and characterize spectral features due to particular electronic transitions enabled by vibrations, noting that even zero-point motion is sufficient in some cases.
An Introduction to MAMA (Meta-Analysis of MicroArray data) System

Analyzing microarray data across multiple experiments has been proven advantageous. To support this kind of analysis, we are developing a software system called MAMA (meta-analysis of microarray data). MAMA utilizes a client-server architecture with a relational database on the server-side for the storage of microarray datasets collected from various resources. The client-side is an application running on the end user's computer that allows the user to manipulate microarray data and analytical results locally. MAMA implementation will integrate several analytical methods, including meta-analysis within an open-source framework offering other developers the flexibility to plug in additional statistical algorithms
In vitro and in vivo interactions of DNA ligase IV with a subunit of the condensin complex

Several findings have revealed a likely role for DNA ligase IV, and interacting protein XRCC4, in the final steps of mammalian DNA double-strand break repair. Recent evidence suggests that the human DNA ligase IV protein plays a critical role in the maintenance of genomic stability. To identify protein-protein interactions that may shed further light on the molecular mechanisms of DSB repair and the biological roles of human DNA ligase IV, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system in conjunction with traditional biochemical methods. These efforts have resulted in the identification of a physical association between the DNA ligase IV polypeptide and the human condensin subunit known as hCAP-E. The hCAP-E polypeptide, a member of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) super-family of proteins, coimmunoprecipitates from cell extracts with DNA ligase IV. Immunofluorescence studies reveal colocalization of DNA ligase IV and hCAP-E in the interphase nucleus, whereas mitotic cells display colocalization of both polypeptides on mitotic chromosomes. Strikingly, the XRCC4 protein is excluded from the area of mitotic chromosomes, suggesting the formation of specialized DNA ligase IV complexes subject to cell cycle regulation. We discuss our findings in light of known and hypothesized roles for ligase IV and the condensin complex.
Process modelling, delegation and control in global software development

Owing to globalisation, it became necessary for software companies to take advantage of computing skills distributed worldwide. One of the resulting problems is the difficulty to model tasks to be assigned remotely. We know how to explicitly define tasks and working methods using process technologies; thus, processes and their artefacts become important factors to be considered. This paper proposes a new approach of process modelling for its remote performance. The main advantage of this approach is to maintain collaboration among autonomous Process-centred Software Engineering Environments (PSEEs) during process performance. An implementation and discussion are proposed to validate the work.
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS REGULAR STRUCTURES

This paper describes an analysis of telegraphic fragments as regular structures (not errors) handled by minimal extensions to a system designed for processing the standard language. The modular approach which has been implemented in the Unisys natural language processing system PUNDIT is based on a division of labor in which syntax regulates the occurrence and distribution of elided elements, and semantics and pragmatics use the system's standard mechanisms to interpret them.
Abridgment of shunt resistors for reactors

The object of this paper is to present the results of an investigation to determine the effect of resistors shunting current limiting reactors, on the impulse behavior of the typical system employing them. The typical system is reduced, without loss of essential generality, to a comparatively simple analytic network; and the impulse behavior of this network is then calculated mathematically. These calculations are adequately supported by test results with impulse generator and cathode ray oscillograph, both in the field and in the laboratory, and accurate agreement established. Methods are developed and illustrated for taking into account incident waves, such as those due to lightning, of arbitrary shape. Under the most unfavorable condition of wave shape and circuit conditions, voltages approaching four times that of the incident wave may be built up at the bus by reflections and oscillations. In general, through the use of a shunting resistor, of proper value, three beneficial results are obtained: (a) Oscillations are completely eliminated, thereby limiting the maximum voltage which can occur on the bus to never more than twice that of the incident wave. (b) The initial rise in voltage on the line side of the reactor, due to positive reflections, is reduced and can be held down to the final value corresponding to the tail of an infinite rectangular incident wave. (c) The internal oscillations in the reactor itself can be eliminated, and the voltage distribution improved. The extent to which these improvements can be realized, under a wide range of possible operating conditions, is discussed and illustrated in this paper. With some combinations, the improvements are very great, while for others, there is no appreciable gain. The criterion for utilization of shunt resistors is, — will the elimination of oscillations and the reduction of positive reflections, under the most unfavorable possible operating condition which can be experienced on a given system, be worth the cost?
MR findings of collateral circulation are more accurate measures of hemodynamic significance than arm-leg blood pressure gradient after repair of coarctation of the aorta

Purpose To determine the relationship between percent stenosis and three indicators of hemodynamic significance—arm–leg blood pressure gradient, direct visualization of collaterals, and percent increase flow from proximal to distal descending thoracic aorta—in patients with prior repair of coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 19 patients with prior repair of CoA were retrospectively reviewed. Percent stenosis was compared to the arm–leg blood pressure gradient as obtained from chart review, the depiction of collaterals by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and the percent increased flow in the distal thoracic aorta as measured by velocity-encoded cine MRI. Some imaging series or blood-pressure values were not available in some patients. All of the data were available for 15 of the 19 patients. Results The arm–leg blood pressure gradient showed no statistical association with percent stenosis (R2 = 0.10, P = 0.22), direct visualization of collaterals (P = 0.80), or percent increase in flow (R2 < 0.01, P = 0.85). Percent stenosis did show association with visualization of collaterals (P = 0.01) and increase flow (R2 = 0.62, P < 0.01). Conclusion The arm–leg blood pressure gradient is not a reliable indicator of hemodynamic significance of restenosis in patients with prior repair of CoA. Direct visualization of collateral vessels by MRA and percent increase in flow from proximal to distal descending thoracic aorta are reliable indicators of hemodynamic significance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:177–183. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Assessment of Gender Differences in Plastic Surgery Patient Education and Information in the United States: Are We Neglecting Our Male Patients?

Background The number of total cosmetic procedures performed yearly has increased by more than 274% between 1997 and 2014, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. However, the vast majority of plastic surgery procedures are still targeted toward women, with little attention toward men. Objectives This study sought to quantify the extent of gender discrepancies observed in online plastic surgery marketing in this country. Methods For the 48 contiguous United States, a systematic Google (Mountain View, CA) search was performed for “[state] plastic surgeon.” The first 10 solo or group practice websites in each state were analyzed for the gender of the first 10 images featured, presence of a male services section, and which procedures were offered to men. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS Software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). Results A total of 453 websites were analyzed, as 5 states did not have 10 unique solo or group practice websites. Of the 4239 images reviewed, 94.1% were of females, 5.0% were of males, and 0.9% were of a male and female together. A male services page was present in 22% of websites. The most common procedures marketed toward men were gynecomastia reduction (58%), liposuction (17%), blepharoplasty (13%), and facelift (10%). Less than 10% of all websites offered other procedures to males, with a total of 15 other aesthetic procedures identified. Conclusions Many plastic surgeons choose to ignore or minimize male patients in their online marketing efforts. However, as the number of men seeking cosmetic procedures continues to grow, plastic surgeons will benefit from incorporating male patients into their practice model. [10.1093/asj/sjv211][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1093/asj/sjv211
Hypercalcemia of malignancy: An update on pathogenesis and management

Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common finding typically found in patients with advanced stage cancers. We aimed to provide an updated review on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of malignancy-related hypercalcemia. We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for original articles, case reports, and case series articles focused on hypercalcemia of malignancy published from 1950 to December 2014. Hypercalcemia of malignancy usually presents with markedly elevated calcium levels and therefore, usually severely symptomatic. Several major mechanisms are responsible for the development of hypercalcemia of malignancy including parathyroid hormone-related peptide-mediated humoral hypercalcemia, osteolytic metastases-related hypercalcemia, 1,25 Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia, and parathyroid hormone-mediated hypercalcemia in patients with parathyroid carcinoma and extra parathyroid cancers. Diagnosis should include the history and physical examination as well as measurement of the above mediators of hypercalcemia. Management includes hydration, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, denosumab, and in certain patients, prednisone and cinacalcet. Patients with advanced underlying kidney disease and refractory severe hypercalcemia should be considered for hemodialysis. Hematology or oncology and palliative care specialists should be involved early to guide the options of cancer targeted therapies and help the patients and their closed ones with the discussion of comfort-oriented care.
Quality Control of Weather Data during Extreme Events

Abstract Quality assurance (QA) procedures have been automated to reduce the time and labor necessary to discover outliers in weather data. Measurements from neighboring stations are used in this study in a spatial regression test to provide preliminary estimates of the measured data points. The new method does not assign the largest weight to the nearest estimate but, instead, assigns the weights according to the standard error of estimate. In this paper, the spatial test was employed to study patterns in flagged data in the following extreme events: the 1993 Midwest floods, the 2002 drought, Hurricane Andrew (1992), and a series of cold fronts during October 1990. The location of flagged records and the influence zones for such events relative to QA were compared. The behavior of the spatial test in these events provides important information on the probability of making a type I error in the assignment of the quality control flag. Simple pattern recognition tools that identify zones wherein frequent fl...
Adenosine signaling in outer medullary descending vasa recta

We tested whether dilation of outer medullary descending vasa recta (OMDVR) is mediated by cAMP, nitric oxide (NO), and cyclooxygenase (COX). Adenosine (A; 10(-6) M)-induced vasodilation of ANG II (10(-9) M)-preconstricted OMDVR was mimicked by the cAMP analog 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (10(-10) to 10(-4) M) and reversed by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ-22536. Adenosine (10(-4) M) stimulated OMDVR cAMP production greater than threefold. NO synthase blockade with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (10(-4) M) did not affect adenosine vasodilation. Adenosine induced endothelial cytoplasmic calcium transients that were small. Indomethacin (10(-6) M) reversed adenonsine-induced dilation of OMDVR preconstricted with ANG II, endothelin, 4-bromo-calcium ionophore A23187, or carbocyclic thromboxane A(2). In contrast, selective A(2)-receptor activation dilated endothelin-preconstricted OMDVR even in the presence of indomethacin. We conclude that OMDVR vasodilation by adenosine involves cAMP and COX but not NO. COX blockade does not fully inhibit selective A(2) receptor-mediated OMDVR dilation.
Design of a dual-polarized beam-switching antenna for small base station application

This paper presents a three sectored beam-switching antenna which consists of dual-polarized antennas and a reconfigurable power divider. The proposed dual-polarized antenna composed of two metallic dipole elements with a microstrip line as an excitation source. The three-way reconfigurable power divider is achieved by four switches to control the signal flow and the impedance matching network. The measurement results confirm that this dual polarized beam-switching antenna can support 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz frequency band with both pattern and polarization diversity capability.
Thermorheological evaluation of gelation of gelatin with sugar substitutes

Abstract The effects of replacing sucrose with sugar substitutes in gelatin gels were investigated. Oscillatory shear tests were performed to determine the rheological properties of gelatin-glucose syrup-sweetener (GGS) gels. The sweeteners used were sucrose and commercial sugar substitutes, Splenda ® and Equal ® . Gelation temperature ( Tgel ) was determined at the crossover point of storage modulus and loss modulus, during temperature sweep. The use of sugar substitutes did not alter the gelation temperature of gels. However, the rheological data of GGS gels were not amenable to time–temperature superposition and hence WLF/free-volume theory was not applicable. The gelation kinetics was also investigated using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) for different GGS gels determined from the DSC data were similar, ranging from −25.0 to −32.4 °C. Uniaxial compression test results showed that gel made with sucrose was softer with modified measure of toughness of 49.1 J/m 3 at 20% strain compared to corresponding values of 91.4, 74.3, and 94.8 J/m 3 for gels made with Splenda ® , Equal ® , and glucose syrup, respectively. Based on the results from sol–gel/gel–sol transition studies, both Splenda ® and Equal ® could be good candidates to replace sucrose in gelatin products if suitable non-nutritive bulking agent is added to maintain total solids content.
Oral fluid--a simple weapon against dehydration in diarrhoea: how it works and how to use it.

Acute watery diarrhea is a serious problem in developing countries especially among children under the age of 5. It frequently leads to dehydration and contributes toward malnutrition. Acute watery diarrhea is due to infectious agents which interfere with normal intestional functions. The disruption of these functions leads to loss of fluid and electrolytes and produces dehydration. In mild dehydration fluid loss is less than 5% of body weight and in severe dehydration fluid loss is between 5-10% of body weight. Diarrhea may produce either hypertonic or hypotonic dehydration. The primary goal in treating diarrhea is 1) to rehydrate the patient as early as possible and 2) to prevent malnutrition. Treatments aimed at stopping the diarrhea may reduce the effectiveness of the rehydration therapy. In most cases rehydration can be achieved by orally administering an isotonic salt solution with glucose. The addition of glucose enhances the absorption of water and salts by the small bowel. In some cases sucrose may be substituted for glucose. Specific instructions for administering the solution were provided. ORT should not be used for patients with 1) extreme dehydration or signs of shock; 2) prolonged oliguria or anuria; 3) excessive vomiting; and 4) serious glucose malabsorption. The use of ORT to treat premature babies or infants less than 1 month old is not recommended as its use among these infants has not been evaluated.
Ecological Design, Collaborative Care, and Ocean Informatics

In this paper, we describe challenges and experiences with the Ocean Infonnatics concept, an interdisciplinary collaboration drawing on insights from the participatory design, computersupported cooperative work, and science studies literatures to support infonnation design efforts within the rapidly evolving world of ocean science. The paper explores in particular the interdisciplinary tensions that frequently - and properly - attend such collaborative undertakings. We propose a model of collaborative care as an ideal for the simultaneous preservation and bridging of difference.
Wave-Induced Breakout of Half-Buried Marine Pipes

An experimental study is conducted in order to identify the major physical processes leading to the breakout of half-buried submarine pipelines from the seafloor under ocean wave action. Both the hydrodynamic loading on the exposed surface of the pipe, as well as the resulting displacement history of the pipe, were recorded and analyzed in order to identify the critical pipe-soil-wave conditions for the detachment of the pipe from the seabed. The paper also examines the balance of the pipe under the combined lift and drag loading from the water wave. An experimental breakout force-time power law is obtained and compared to available theoretical breakout models.
Wide-field imaging spectrometer for the hyperspectral infrared imager (HyspIRI) mission

We report on the design, tolerancing, and laboratory breadboard of an imaging spectrometer for the Earth Science Decadal Survey Hyperspectral and Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission. The spectrometer is of the Offner type but with a much longer slit than typical designs, with 1600 resolvable spatial elements along the slit for a length of 48 mm. Two such spectrometers cover more than the required swath while maintaining high throughput and signal-to-noise thanks to the large pixel size (30 μm), relatively high speed (F/2.8) and small number of reflections. We also demonstrate a method for measuring smile using a linear array, and use the method to prove the achievement of negligible smile of less than 2% of a pixel over the entire 48 mm slit. Thus we show that this high-heritage, all-spherical mirror design can serve the requirements of the HyspIRI mission.
Continuous synthesis and use of N-heterocyclic carbene copper(I) complexes from insoluble Cu2O.

It is demonstrated that homogeneous N-heterocyclic carbene–copper(I)-chloride complexes can be prepared continuously by flowing NHC precursors through a packed bed of solid Cu2O suspended in molecular sieves. The method enables the synthesis of a wide range of complexes including those that are challenging to prepare using standard approaches. Our strategy enables both sustained output of complex production for long-term catalytic reactions (greater than 5 h) and for generation of gram quantities for storage (greater than 1 g of complex in ∼16 min).
On the Abruptness of Bølling–Allerød Warming

AbstractPrevious observations and simulations suggest that an approximate 3°–5°C warming occurred at intermediate depths in the North Atlantic over several millennia during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1), which induces warm salty water (WSW) lying beneath surface cold freshwater. This arrangement eventually generates ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), the maximum potential energy releasable by adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements in an ocean column. The authors find that basin-scale OCAPE starts to appear in the North Atlantic (~67.5°–73.5°N) and builds up over decades at the end of HS1 with a magnitude of about 0.05 J kg−1. OCAPE provides a key kinetic energy source for thermobaric cabbeling convection (TCC). Using a high-resolution TCC-resolved regional model, it is found that this decadal-scale accumulation of OCAPE ultimately overshoots its intrinsic threshold and is released abruptly (~1 month) into kinetic energy of TCC, with further intensification from cabbeling. TCC has convective...
Low-Flow and Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis Consideration in the Context of TAVR

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the definitive treatment for patients with symptomatic, severe AS, typically defined as aortic valve area 40 mmHg. Surgical AVR is associated with substantial improvement in symptomatic status and increased survival for patient with normal and decreased LV function. In contrast, patients with low-gradient severe AS have considerable increased operative risk and less potential benefit from AVR. Low-gradient AS is generally seen in patients with low EF; however, a significant percentage of patients with severe AS may present with low-gradient despite preserved LVEF (“paradoxical” low-flow and low-gradient stenosis). In patients with low-gradient AS, clarification of disease severity and prediction of outcome are clinically challenging. Dobutamine stress echocardiography can help to distinguish true from pseudo AS, and assessment of LV contractile reserve provides important prognostic data regarding outcome. Patients with low-flow and low-gradient severe AS are characterized by a poor natural prognosis, and therefore AVR should not be withheld. The experience with TAVR in patients with low-flow and low-gradient AS is limited, in particular as a high gradient is typically required for inclusion in clinical trials. However, because TAVR is associated with considerably lower operative risk in comparison to standard surgery, it is intuitive that TAVR may be a promising treatment option for patients with low-flow and low-gradient severe AS.
Erbliche und nichterbliche Eigenschaften

Vielleicht wird es gut sein, sich von Anfang an uber einen wichtigen Punkt klar zu werden. Wenn von Vererbung die Rede ist, so denkt der Gartner zunachst an seine Baume, der Landwirt an sein Zuchtvieh und Saatgut, der Arzt an seine erblich Geisteskranken und der Jurist an die geborenen Verbrecher. Der Laie aber denkt fast immer nur an sein eigenes Geschlecht, an den Menschen mit allen seinen Vorzugen und Gebrechen. So wird er auch dieses Buch in erster Linie lesen, um menschliche Angelegenheiten besser verstehen zu konnen. Und das ist auch gut so, denn je mehr die Menschheit von diesen Dingen weis, um so groser ist die Aussicht, das sie auch einmal so zu handeln lernt, wie es jeder Zuchter tut, der mit Kenntnis der Vererbungslehre seine Sorten zu verbessern sucht. Trotzdem wird aber in diesem Buch viel von anderen Lebewesen die Rede sein, von Mausen und Ratten, von Blumen und Fruchten, ja, von Wurmern und Fliegen. Und das verhalt sich so. Es gibt in der belebten Natur, im Tier- und Pflanzenreich Lebenserscheinungen, die nur einer bestimmten Tier- oder Pflanzenart zukommen. So hat z. B. der Mensch allein die wunderbar gebaute Hand, die ihm in Verbindung mit seiner Hirnentwicklung einzigartige Leistungen erlaubt.
AutoSite: an automated approach for pseudo-ligands prediction-from ligand-binding sites identification to predicting key ligand atoms.

Motivation The identification of ligand-binding sites from a protein structure facilitates computational drug design and optimization, and protein function assignment. We introduce AutoSite: an efficient software tool for identifying ligand-binding sites and predicting pseudo ligand corresponding to each binding site identified. Binding sites are reported as clusters of 3D points called fills in which every point is labelled as hydrophobic or as hydrogen bond donor or acceptor. From these fills AutoSite derives feature points: a set of putative positions of hydrophobic-, and hydrogen-bond forming ligand atoms. Results We show that AutoSite identifies ligand-binding sites with higher accuracy than other leading methods, and produces fills that better matches the ligand shape and properties, than the fills obtained with a software program with similar capabilities, AutoLigand In addition, we demonstrate that for the Astex Diverse Set, the feature points identify 79% of hydrophobic ligand atoms, and 81% and 62% of the hydrogen acceptor and donor hydrogen ligand atoms interacting with the receptor, and predict 81.2% of water molecules mediating interactions between ligand and receptor. Finally, we illustrate potential uses of the predicted feature points in the context of lead optimization in drug discovery projects. Availability and implementation http://adfr.scripps.edu/AutoDockFR/autosite.html CONTACT: sanner@scripps.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Abstract 3551: Discovery of orally bioavailable novel Mcl-1 inhibitors that exhibit selective anti-proliferative activity in Mcl-1 sensitive cancer cell lines

Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that regulate apoptosis. Amplification of Mcl-1 is found in various cancers, which causes the evasion of apoptosis and is one of the major resistance mechanisms for many chemotherapies. Mcl-1 mediates its effects primarily through high affinity interactions with pro-apoptotic BH3 containing proteins, Bak and Bax. Thus targeting Mcl-1 with small molecule inhibitors is a promising strategy but a very challenging task. Using fragment-based methods and structure-based design, we discovered a novel class of potent Mcl-1 inhibitors that exhibit selective anti-proliferative activity. New leads containing a tricyclic indole lactam scaffold exhibited dissociation constants of 1000-fold selectivity for Mcl-1 over Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. They also promoted apoptosis only in Mcl-1 sensitive cancer cell lines by activating caspases in a dose-dependent manner. These results provide a strong proof of concept for a selective inhibition of Mcl-1 function as an effective anti-cancer therapy. Finally, our leads also possess desirable pharmaceutical properties including in vivo oral bioavailability and represent an ideal starting point for developing clinically useful Mcl-1 inhibitors for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Citation Format: Taekyu Lee, Zhiguo Bian, Johannes Belmar, Subrata Shaw, James C. Tarr, Bin Zhao, Nick Pelz, DeMarco Camper, Craig M. Goodwin, Allison L. Arnold, John L. Sensintaffar, Carrie F. Browning, Olivia W. Rossanese, Edward T. Olejniczak, Stephen W. Fesik. Discovery of orally bioavailable novel Mcl-1 inhibitors that exhibit selective anti-proliferative activity in Mcl-1 sensitive cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3551.
An evaluation of the efficacy of various coal combustion models for predicting char burnout

Abstract Coal combustion is comprised of several subprocesses including devolatilization and heterogeneous reactions of the coal char with O2, CO2, H2O and potentially several other species. Much effort has been put forth to develop models for these processes which vary widely in both complexity and computational cost. This work investigates the efficacy of models for devolatilization and char reactions at either end of the complexity and cost spectrums for a range of particle sizes and furnace temperatures and across coal types. The overlap of simulated devolatilization and char consumption is also examined. In the gas phase, a detailed kinetics model based on a reduced version of the GRI 3.0 mechanism is used. The Char Conversion Kinetics and an n th -order Langmuir-Hinshelwood models are considered for char oxidation. The Chemical Percolation and Devolatilization and a two-step model are considered for devolatilization. Results indicate that high-fidelity models perform better at representing particle temperature and mass data across a wide range of O2 concentrations as well as coal types. A significant overlap in devolatilization and char consumption is observed for both char chemistry and devolatilization models.
Return to Function, Complication, and Reoperation Rates Following Primary Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair in Military Service Members.

Background: Pectoralis major tendon ruptures have become increasingly common injuries among young, active individuals over the past 30 years; however, there is presently a paucity of reported outcome data. We investigated the ability to return to full preoperative level of function, complications, reoperation rates, and risk factors for failure following surgical repair of the pectoralis major tendon in a cohort of young, highly active individuals. Methods: All U.S. active-duty military patients undergoing pectoralis major tendon repair between 2008 and 2013 were identified from the Military Health System using the Management Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2). Demographic characteristics, injury characteristics, and trends in preoperative and postoperative self-reported pain scale (0 to 10) and strength were extracted. The ability to return to the full preoperative level of function and rates of rerupture and reoperation were the primary outcome measures. Univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis identified significant variables. Results: A total of 257 patients with pectoralis major tendon repair were identified with a mean follow-up (and standard deviation) of 47.8 ± 17 months (range, 24 to 90 months). At the time of the latest follow-up, 242 patients (94%) were able to return to the full preoperative level of military function. Fifteen patients (5.8%) were unable to return to duty because of persistent upper-extremity disability. A total of 15 reruptures occurred in 14 patients (5.4%). Increasing body mass index and active psychiatric conditions were significant predictors of inability to return to function (odds ratio, 1.56 [p = 0.0001] for increasing body mass index; and odds ratio, 6.59 [p = 0.00165] for active psychiatric conditions) and total failure (odds ratio, 1.26 [p = 0.0012] for increasing body mass index; and odds ratio, 2.73 [p = 0.0486] for active psychiatric conditions). Conclusions: We demonstrate that 94% of patients were able to return to the full preoperative level of function within active military duty following surgical repair of pectoralis major tendon rupture and 5.4% of patients experienced rerupture after primary repair. Increasing body mass index and active psychiatric diagnoses are significant risk factors for an inability to return to function and postoperative failures. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Using Personal Culture Framework to Enhance Multicultural Classrooms of Deaf and Hard of Hearing students Along the Border

Victor A. Vodounou, Ph.D. is currently Assistant Professor of Deaf Education at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas. Prior to coming to SFA, he was an itinerant teacher of the deaf with the Brazos Valley Regional Day School Program for the Deaf in Bryan/College Station, Texas. He has taught deaf children and adults at all levels since 1977 and is certified to teach nationwide and holds K-12 special educator and school administrator licenses in Texas, New Mexico, and New York. Dr. Vodounou is interested in multicultural issues in Deafness and special education.
Iris recognition using cross-spectral comparison

The SMU Biometrics Engineering Research Group recently completed a four-year data collection project that collected iris images from a large number of subjects with LED illumination at different wavelengths ranging from 405 nanometers to 1550 nanometers [1]. This dataset contains largely high quality images, and all images with any quality issues are marked. For this project, we used only good quality images along with government-provided segmentation and template algorithms to examine how images taken with different illumination compare with each other.
Medical Students' Assessment of Eduard Pernkopf's Atlas: Topographical Anatomy of Man.

Abstract Introduction To date, there has been no study examining the perceptions of first-year medical students regarding Eduard Pernkopf’s atlas, particularly during their study of gross anatomy and prior to coursework in medical ethics. We present a discussion of Pernkopf’s Atlas: Topographical Anatomy of Man from the perspective of U.S. medical students, and sought to determine whether medical students view Pernkopf’s Topographical Anatomy of Man as a resource of greater accuracy, detail, and potential educational utility as compared to Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy. Methods The entire first-year class at Drexel University College of Medicine (265 students) was surveyed at approximately the midpoint of their gross anatomy course and 192 responses were collected (72% response rate). Results Of these, 176 (95%) were unaware of the existence of Pernkopf’s atlas. Another 71% of students found the Pernkopf atlas more likely complete and accurate, whereas 76% thought the Netter atlas more useful for learning ( p .001). When presented with a hypothetical scenario in which the subjects used in creating Pernkopf’s atlas were donated, or unclaimed, but with knowledge that Pernkopf was an active member of the Nazi party, 133 students (72%) retained their original position ( p = .001). About 94% desired discussion of Pernkopf within a medical school bioethics course. The relationship between level of self-reported knowledge and whether or not students would advocate removal of the atlas was statistically significant ( p = .013). Conclusion Discussing ethical violations in medical history, especially the Pernkopf atlas, must attain a secure place in medical school curricula, and more specifically, within a bioethics course.
LMI-based Dynamic Output Feedback Stabilization of Uncertain Systems

Abstract First an exponentially convergent reduced-order observer for state reconstruction of uncertain nonlinear systems is introduced. Then, the state estimates obtained are used in a dynamical compensation scheme for exponential stabilization of the controlled system. Necessary linear observer and controller gains are calculated using linear matrix inequalities and equations for which efficient numerical algorithms exist. The nonlinear gains utilized in the observer and controller are similar to those of the variable structure designs but continuous in nature and result in simpler convergence analysis.
Rationale for investigating metformin as a protectant against statin-associated muscle symptoms

The mechanisms underlying statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are not understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction and atrogin-1 activation are among the leading possible explanations for SAMS. Interestingly, metformin can enhance mitochondrial function and may affect atrogin-1 expression. Therefore, we sought to perform a systematic search of the literature to explore the relationship among statins, metformin, and SAMS.
The cerebral collateral circulation: Relevance to pathophysiology and treatment of stroke

The brain's collateral circulation consists of arterial anastomotic channels capable of providing nutrient perfusion to brain regions whose normal sources of flow have become compromised, as occurs in acute ischemic stroke. Modern CT-based neuroimaging is capable of providing detailed information as to collateral extent and sufficiency and is complemented by magnetic resonance-based methods. In the present era of standard-of-care IV thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke, and following the recent therapeutic successes of randomized clinical trials of acute endovascular intervention, the sufficiency of the collateral circulation has been convincingly established as a key factor influencing the likelihood of successful reperfusion and favorable clinical outcome. This article reviews the features of the brain's collateral circulation; methods for its evaluation in the acute clinical setting; the relevance of collateral circulation to prognosis in acute ischemic stroke; the specific insights into the collateral circulation learned from recent trials of endovascular intervention; and the major influence of genetic factors. Finally, we emphasize the need to develop therapeutic approaches to augment collateral perfusion as an adjunctive strategy to be employed along with, or prior to, thrombolysis and endovascular interventions, and we highlight the possible potential of inhaled nitric oxide, albumin, and other approaches. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
P175 Flow cytometry using monoclonal antibody for detection of HLA-B27: Analysis of ‘Gray Zone’ results for cross reactive antigens

Aim HLA-B27 (associated with ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and Reiter’s syndrome) can be detected utilizing monoclonal antibodies. This assay is a simple qualitative two-color direct immunofluorescence flow cytometric method for rapid detection of the cell-surface glycoprotein expressed on nucleated human cells in whole blood without additional processing. This assay is known to cross-react with other HLA-B antigens, as reported with limited sampling, which yields a gray zone result. We present our observations of this cross-reactivity over approximately an eight and a half year period. Methods Whole blood samples (ACD) are tested with the BD (BD Biosciences, San Jose CA) HLA B27 kit utilizing monoclonal antibody GS145.2. Flow cytometric results falling in the gray zone were confirmed using SSO typing assay. Gray zone results were analyzed to identify cross reacting HLA-B antigens. Results In our laboratory, 311 samples fell into our defined gray zone. Analysis of this demonstrated 30 HLA-B27 cross-reactive antigens, including published HLA-B27 cross-reactive antigens and additional antigens not previously published. The 11 most common cross reactive HLA-B antigens in descending order of frequency are: HLA-B7, 44, 39, 8, 60, 51, 37, 35, 62, 18, and 64. Conclusions Our study expands on the previously published breadth of known HLA-B27 cross reactive antigens. An ongoing understanding & confirmation of gray zone results are important for accurate patient diagnosis.