cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resident Participation as Co-Surgeon Does Not Adversely Impact Patient Outcomes in Pancreatic Surgery

OBJECTIVE In academic settings, surgical residents often serve as co-surgeon in complex operations such as pancreatic resections. These operations are typically performed by fellowship-trained primary surgeons with extensive experience in the field. Our study aimed to evaluate how the participation of general surgery residents in these complex operations affected patient outcomes. Our hypothesis was that resident involvement as co-surgeon would not adversely impact key patient outcomes including complications, readmission, and mortality. DESIGN A REDCap database of perioperative variables for patients undergoing pancreatic resection was established at a single independent academic medical center. The database was populated via retrospective chart review. Patient demographics, surgical indications, operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, postoperative complications, and 30- and 90-day survival for patients with and without cancer were reviewed. We further categorized the data based on the designation of a general surgery resident or a second staff surgeon as co-surgeon in each operation. SETTING The study was performed at the Marshfield Clinic Health System–Marshfield Medical Center, an independent academic medical center located in central Wisconsin. PARTICIPANTS Data were abstracted from the medical records of all adult patients (18 years of age and older) who underwent pancreatic resection from 2007 to 2018 (n = 173). RESULTS 173 pancreatic resections were performed by 8 different primary staff surgeons over 10.5 years. All co-surgeons were either another staff surgeon or a senior-level (postgraduate year 4 or 5) general surgery resident. Perioperative and postoperative patient outcomes were statistically similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Resident involvement as co-surgeon in complex pancreatic resections constituted no increased risk for patients at our institution. Senior residents should continue to operate on these important learning cases under appropriate staff supervision.
Women’s Marital Surname Change by Bride’s Age and Jurisdiction of Residence: A Replication

Hyphenating or keeping premarital surname for all U.S. destination brides marrying in Hawai’i in 2010 was highly, positively correlated with a state-level women’s income measure (r = .78, p < .000) and the analogous statistic for men (r = .64, p < .000), by bride’s state of residence. The women’s measure, only, remained significant when both predictors were used, together, to predict retention/hyphenation (i.e., under regression of both predictors). The interaction of state Gini coefficient and the women’s income measure was positively predictive in a regression including the interaction components as predictors (adjusted-R2 = .66). None of several other predictors suggested by previous research or related to Gini index or income, testable using available, state-level data, were predictive (under regression) alongside the women’s income measure. The older the bride, from any jurisdiction, the more likely she is to hyphenate or keep her surname (χ2 for linear trend = 1754.65, p < .000). These analyses comprise a nearly direct replication of previous work, adding novel analyses. Taken together, the original and replicated study may show evidence consistent with a general practice of women taking into account local economic factors, in marital surname decision-making.
The Feldstein-Horioka Test of International Capital Mobility; Is it Feasible?

Feldstein and Horioka (1980) argued that the correlation of saving and investment in a cross-section of countries may provide a test of global capital mobility. This paper argues that neither the long-run nor the short-run correlation can serve as a reliable basis for such a test. The intertemporal budget constraint implies that each country’s saving and investment should be cointegrated over time. Simulations show that the cross-section regressions used in the literature will produce correlations that strongly tend towards one, regardless of the degree of capital mobility. Although the short-run correlation is not affected by the intertemporal budget constraint, the empirical analysis shows it is primarily a country-specific business cycle fact.
Stress-induced plasma cortisol concentrations in infancy are associated with later parenting behaviors in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Few studies have longitudinally assessed the relationship between infant stress reactivity and future parenting style. Studies show that stress-induced plasma cortisol concentrations are stable over development and that they can be utilized as a marker for stress reactivity. This study investigates the relationship between stress-induced plasma cortisol concentrations in infancy and later parenting behavior in a translational nonhuman primate model. We hypothesized that higher stress-induced cortisol levels in infancy would predict impairments in maternal behaviors in adulthood. Subjects were rhesus macaque females (N = 122; Macaca mulatta), assessed as infants and again as mothers. At 3-4 months of age, subjects underwent a standardized BioBehavioral Assessment during which blood samples were obtained and they were assessed for behaviorally inhibition. Approximately 7 years later, subjects were observed as they interacted with their own offspring for four 300-s sessions. Typical rhesus monkey mother-offspring behaviors were recorded, including approaches and leaves and maternal cradling. Results showed that subjects' stress-induced cortisol concentrations and whether they exhibited behavioral inhibition as infants predicted later maternal behavior, with high cortisol concentrations and behavioral inhibition predicting high rates of offspring approaches and leaves and low rates of maternal cradling. Results also showed that higher stress-induced cortisol concentrations in infancy predicted higher scores on the Brown Index, an indication that the subjects' offspring, rather than the subject themselves, initiated changes in proximity. Taken together, these results suggest that individuals that exhibit higher stress-induced cortisol concentrations and behavioral inhibition at 3-4 months of age are at risk for engaging in less sensitive parenting behaviors as adults. To the extent that these findings generalize to humans, they suggest an important link between stress-induced cortisol concentrations and behavioral inhibition in infancy and behavior later in life, such that early-life stress reactivity can serve as a marker for later parenting behavior.
Querido Padre: Things I Want to Tell You and Other Thoughts

Through the negotiation and narrativization of childhood memories that take place in the United States and Mexico, the author reveals a nuanced and complicated picture of the charismatically attractive, yet unpredictable individual who was his father. Raised by a single mother, the author revisits memories of his father contemplating who he and his father are, and their connection to one another. When the father returns to Mexico to reside in his home town, his unexpected, suspicious death puts an end to the possibility of the author—now a university student—ever knowing him in the present moment or of developing a meaningful father/son relationship where the son tells the father of his sexuality and same-sex desire and is able to experience his father’s response.
Trade-offs for Substituting a Human with an Agent in a Pair Programming Context: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Pair programming has a documented history of benefits, such as increased code quality, productivity, self-efficacy, knowledge transfer, and reduced gender gap. Research uncovered problems with pair programming related to scheduling, collocating, role imbalance, and power dynamics. We investigated the trade-offs of substituting a human with an agent to simultaneously provide benefits and alleviate obstacles in pair programming. We conducted gender-balanced studies with human-human pairs in a remote lab with 18 programmers and Wizard-of-Oz studies with 14 programmers, then analyzed results quantitatively and qualitatively. Our comparative analysis of the two studies showed no significant differences in productivity, code quality, and self-efficacy. Further, agents facilitated knowledge transfer; however, unlike humans, agents were unable to provide logical explanations or discussions. Human partners trusted and showed humility towards agents. Our results demonstrate that agents can act as effective pair programming partners and open the way towards new research on conversational agents for programming.
Alone on an island: A mixed-methods investigation of salesperson social isolation in general and in times of a pandemic

Abstract Industrial salespeople spend more time outside of the firm than inside of the firm. As a consequence, they may be particularly prone to salesperson social isolation - or feelings of being disconnected from coworkers and colleagues. Potentially magnified by the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the prevalence of social isolation may become a more common and modern-day challenge for salespeople. As part of this, managers must consider the notion of salesperson social isolation and its impact on job performance. To explore this phenomenon, we employ a multi-study, mixed-methods approach. In Study, 1 we conduct a quantitative survey-based study (with a sample of 233 industrial salespeople) investigating the relationship between salesperson social isolation and salesperson performance and the processes through which it occurs. In Study 2, we utilize a discovery-oriented theories-in-use qualitative approach (with a sample of 27 sales professionals) to investigate the nature of salesperson social isolation (with certain pandemic related factors), its consequences (also considering pandemic related factors), and important manager and salesperson actions that offset the negative effects of salesperson social isolation. Altogether, our findings shed some light into the if, how, what (in much more detail), and when aspects of salesperson social isolation. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
The case of organizational innovation capability and health information technology implementation success: As you sow, so you reap?

Organizational innovation capability is defined as the ability to continuously transform knowledge and ideas into new products, processes and systems for the benefit of an organization and its stakeholders. This study examines the relationship between the innovation capability of healthcare organizations and their ability to successfully implement electronic medical records (EMR), a health information technology (HIT) innovation. Data was collected using a cross-sectional survey and structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to analyze the data. Results demonstrate that organizational product innovation capability positively affects EMR implementation success. A positive relationship also exists between organizational process innovation capability and EMR implementation success. This study is one of the first to empirically validate the relationship between healthcare organization’s innovation capability and HIT innovation implementation success, in the context of EMRs. Implications of the study for the academic and industry practitioner are discussed.
Stromally expressed c-Jun regulates proliferation of prostate epithelial cells

2806 Introduction: Stromal-epithelial interactions play an important role in development, growth and tumorigenesis of prostate. We have found that the transcription factor, c-Jun is exclusively expressed in the prostatic stroma. Here we demonstrate that stromally expressed c-Jun promotes stromal expression of IGF-1, which in turn activates downstream prostate epithelial signalling, promoting proliferation of prostate epithelial cells. Methods: Microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry studies were used to determine expression of RNA and proteins. c-Jun -/-, c-Jun +/+ and BPH-1 cells were used in co-culture and mono-culture experiments to assess proliferation and cell death of prostate epithelial BPH-1 cells. ELISA, Western Blot, RT-PCR assays were used to examine the expression of different genes/proteins in co-culture and mono-culture systems. Results: In human benign hyperplastic tissues, we found that the expression of c-Jun was restricted to the prostatic stroma by micro-array and immunohistochemical analysis. Genetically modified mouse embryonic fibroblasts, c-Jun -/- and c-Jun +/+, were used in co-cultures to examine the effect of stromally expressed c-Jun on prostatic epithelial cells, BPH-1. We found that expression of c-Jun promoted proliferation of prostate epithelial cells. Expression of IGF-1 was limited to stromal cells with wild-type c-Jun. Stromally expressed IGF-1 promoted activation of IGF-1-receptor of epithelial cells. Either exogenous IGF-1 in mono-culture experiments or stromal expression of c-Jun in co-culture experiments led to activation of phospho-ERK, phospho-Akt and Cyclin D and repression of p27. Proliferation of BPH-1 cells and increased Cyclin D levels occurred in an Akt-dependent manner. Conclusion: These data suggest that stromally expressed c-Jun promote prostatic epithelial proliferation through IGF-1 induced paracrine signals. Identification of the signal transduction pathways between prostate stromal and epithelial cells are critical in order to develop novel targeted therapies for treatment of BPH.
Superficial Fungal Infections

There are a number of fungi capable of infecting various superficial structures, including hair, nails, stratum corneum of the skin, the cornea, and the lining of the external ear canal. These infections are to be distinguished from deeper forms of cutaneous mycoses, including blastomycosis, sporotrichosis, mycetomas, and the like. Superficial candidiasis and dermatophytosis are described in other chapters, so this discussion will cover tinea versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis, tinea nigra, white and black piedra, fungal keratitis of the cornea, and fungal otitis externa. The portal for all these diseases is usually the surface that is infected. Deep and/or disseminated infections with Malassezia and Trichosporon also occur in certain predisposed patients, and with this kind of infection the portal may not be as obvious. The various pathogens and associated conditions are listed in Table I.
The Challenge for Gene Therapy: Innate Immune Response to Adenoviruses

Adenoviruses are the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy. Despite the promising safety profile demonstrated in clinical trials, the efficacy of using adenoviruses for gene therapy is poor. A major hurdle to adenoviral-mediated gene therapy is the innate immune system. Cell-mediated recognition of viruses via capsid components or nucleic acids has received significant attention, principally thought to be regulated by the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Antiviral innate immune responses are initiated by the infected cell, which activates the interferon (IFN) response to block viral replication, while simultaneously releasing chemokines to attract neutrophils, mononuclear- and natural killer-cells. While the IFN and cellular recruitment pathways are activated and regulated independently of each other, both are required to overcome immune escape mechanisms by adenoviruses. Recent work has shown that the generation of adenoviral vectors lacking specific transcriptionally-active regions decreases immune system activation and increases the chance for immune escape. In this review, we elucidate how adenoviral vector modifications alter the IFN and innate inflammatory pathway response and propose future targets with clinically-translational relevance.
Clinical Trials in Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention: Principles and Endpoints

A properly designed and conducted randomized clinical trial is the most objective approach for definitive comparison of medical therapies. However, a clinical trial is a complex collaborative undertaking and requires substantial multidisciplinary planning efforts. This chapter presents the main components of a randomized trial and discusses the essential statistical concepts relevant in a trial design. The primary result and summary of statistical power, analysis, and the follow-up approach of the four recently completed pivotal clinical trials pertinent to the prevention of sudden cardiac death are summarized.
Protein mobility and GABA-induced conformational changes in GABA(A) receptor pore-lining M2 segment.

Protein movements underlying ligand-gated ion channel activation are poorly understood. Here we used disulfide bond trapping to examine the proximity and mobility of cysteines substituted for aligned GABAA receptor α 1 and β1 M2 segment channel-lining residues in resting and activated receptors. With or without GABA, disulfide bonds formed at α 1 N275C/β 1 E270C (20´) and α 1S272C/β1H267C (17´), near the extracellular end, suggesting that this end is more mobile and/or flexible than the rest of the segment. Near the middle of M2, at α 1 T261C/β 1 T256C (6´), a disulfide bond formed only in the presence of GABA and locked the channels open. Channel activation must involve an asymmetric rotation of two adjacent subunits toward each other. This would move aligned engineered cysteines on different subunits into proximity and allow disulfide bond formation without blocking conduction. Asymmetric rotation of M2 segments is probably a common gating mechanism in other ligand-gated ion channels.
Identification and isolation of genes essential for H2 oxidation in Rhodobacter capsulatus.

Mutants of Rhodobacter capsulatus unable to grow photoautotrophically with H2 and CO2 were isolated. Those lacking uptake hydrogenase activity as measured by H2-dependent methylene blue reduction were analyzed genetically and used in complementation studies for the isolation of the wild-type genes. Results of further subcloning and transposon Tn5 mutagenesis suggest the involvement of a minimum of five genes. Hybridization to the 2.2-kilobase-pair SstI fragment that lies within the coding region for the large and small subunits of Bradyrhizobium japonicum uptake hydrogenase showed one region of strong homology among the R. capsulatus fragments isolated, which we interpret to mean that one or both structural genes were among the genes isolated. Images
Incidence of underlying laryngeal pathology in patients initially diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Objectives/Hypothesis To characterize the videoendoscopic laryngeal findings in patients with a prior established diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) as the sole etiology for their chief complaint of hoarseness. We hypothesized that many, if not all, of these patients would present with discrete laryngeal pathology, divergent from LPR. Study Design Prospective, nonintervention. Methods Patients presenting to a tertiary laryngology practice with an established diagnosis of LPR as the sole etiology of their hoarseness were included. All subjects completed the Voice Handicap Index and Reflux Symptom Index, in addition to a questionnaire regarding their reflux diagnosis and prior treatment. Laryngoscopic examinations were reviewed by the laryngologist caring for the patients. Reliability of findings was assessed by interpretation of videoendoscopic findings by three outside laryngologists not involved in the care of the patients. Results Laryngeal pathology distinct from LPR was identified in all 21 patients felt to be causative of the chief complaint of dysphonia. Specifically, the most common findings were benign mucosal lesions and vocal fold paresis (29% each), followed by muscle tension dysphonia (14%). Two patients were found to have vocal fold leukoplakia, of which one was confirmed to be a microinvasive carcinoma upon removal. Conclusion LPR may be overdiagnosed; other etiologies must be considered for patients with hoarseness who fail empiric LPR treatment. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 124:1420–1424, 2014
Ureteral Stent for Ureteral Stricture

Advances in minimally invasive treatment of ureteral stricture have been facilitated by the development of small-caliber, flexible ureteroscopes and the holmium laser; however, most patients will require a stent at some point during management. A ureteral stent can be employed for a variety of reasons: (1) to provide a scaffold for healing after endoureterotomy; (2) to maintain urinary flow in the case of chronic obstruction that is not amenable to repair; and (3) as a prophylactic measure to guard against the development of ureteral stricture after ureteroscopy, ureteroneocystostomy, ureteroureterostomy, or ureteroenteric anastomosis. Since Finney originated the double-J stent in 1978, minor modifications in design and biomaterials have improved on the original concept with the aim of increasing durability and decreasing discomfort and encrustation. Currently, there are no perfectly biocompatible materials available for ureteral stents; silicone remains the gold standard, although various proprietary compounds have been developed based on silicone or polyurethane. Metal stents present a promising, long-term option for the management of recalcitrant ureteral strictures. The optimal stent size after endoureterotomy or endopyelotomy is controversial; however, there may be an advantage to larger-caliber stents, generally >12–14Fr. Similarly, there is no consensus on the duration of stinting after stricture repair. Most studies suggest that there is no benefit to stinting beyond 2–3 weeks, and there may even be a detriment in the form of fibrosis and increased risk of urinary tract infection.
Tissue Permeability--a Factor in Atherogenesis Studies with Cortisone and Hyaluronidase

Cortisone has a retarding effect on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits, despite higher plasma cholesterol levels. This effect of cortisone is prevented by administration of hyaluronidase. The latter intensifies atherosclerosis and deposition of cholesterol in the liver.
The Domestication of Law and Literature

How should a deconstructionist go about reviewing Judge Richard Posner's new book, Law and Literature: A Misunderstood Relation? As Judge Posner tells us, deconstructionists "take an ostensibly serious prose passage and immediately get hung up on the first word, which may be an unintended pun or a homonym or a false cognate or may contain a subordinate meaning ... at war with the surface meaning" (at 213). Indeed, deconstructionists do much worse things. They deliberately look for the marginal, the obscure, the disregarded in texts (and in thought), believing that this will shed light on the problems of a text, its blindnesses, or its ideological presuppositions. We could begin our deconstruction, then, by focusing on an especially marginal element of this book-the dust jacket. On the dust jacket one finds a very pleasant picture of Judge Posner smiling, which is in marked contrast to the photograph on the dust cover of his last book, The Economic Structure of Tort Law, in which he appeared to be frowning. Surely, we might think, the move from economics to literature has improved his spirits considerably. Perhaps this signifies the dismal seriousness of economics as opposed to the carefree nonseriousness of literature. Perhaps it mirrors the profound and difficult thoughts that weigh upon
The genus Rocinela (Crustacea: Isopoda: Aegidae) in the tropical eastern Pacific

Descriptions, illustrations, synonymies and distributional data are provided for the eight species of Rocinela (Isopoda: Aegidae) now known from the tropical eastern Pacific, and for the temperate species R. angustata Richardson, 1904. A revised description of the genus is presented, as well as a key to all species known from the eastern Pacific (Alaska to Tierra del Fuego). Lectotypes are designated for three species: R. angustata, R. laticauda Hansen, 1897 and R. tuberculosa Richardson, 1898, and a neotype is designated for R. belliceps (Stimpson, 1864). One new species is described, R. wstza' rp. aov. Rocinela hawaiiensis Richardson, 1903 is reported for the first time outside the Hawaiian Islands (from Guadalupe Island, Mexico). Our examination of material in this genus from various institutional collections indicates that specimens are often misidentified. Use of the mouth appendages or pleopods to characterize or identify species is unreliable as there is little interspecific variation in these characters. Useful characters are those of frontal margin and frontal lamina morphology, pereopodal armature (although this is somewhat polymorphic in most species), and the shape and armature of the uropods. Four species (R. angusfata, R. laficauda, R. ausfralis Schicidte & Meinert, 1879, and R. murilloi Brusca & Iverson, 1985) are very similar and easily confused, but they can be distinguished with the key provided. The most commonly collected species in the tropical eastern Pacific are R. murilloi, R. belliceps and R. signata SchiMte & Meinert, 1879; the former is a deep-water species, the latter two are shallow-water. Rocincla australis has not been reported since its original description, more than I10 years ago.
Multivessel coronary artery disease predicts mortality, length of stay, and pressor requirements after liver transplantation.

The optimal preoperative cardiac evaluation strategy for patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) undergoing liver transplantation remains unknown. Patients are frequently referred for cardiac catheterization, but the effects of coronary artery disease (CAD) on posttransplant mortality are also unknown. We sought to determine the contribution of CAD and multivessel CAD in particular to posttransplant mortality. We performed a retrospective study of ESLD patients undergoing cardiac catheterization before liver transplant surgery between August 1, 2004 and August 1, 2007 to determine the effects of CAD on outcomes after transplantation. Among 83 patients who underwent left heart catheterization, 47 underwent liver transplantation during the follow-up period. Twenty-one of all ESLD patients who underwent liver transplantation (45%) had CAD. Fifteen of the transplant patients with CAD (71%) had multivessel disease. Among transplant patients, the presence of multivessel CAD (versus no CAD) was predictive of mortality (27% versus 4%, P = 0.046), increased length of stay (22 versus 15 days, P = 0.050), and postoperative pressor requirements (27% versus 4%, P = 0.029). Interestingly, neither the presence of any CAD nor the severity of stenosis in any single coronary artery predicted mortality. Furthermore, none of the traditional clinical predictors (age, gender, diabetes, creatinine, ejection fraction, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score) were predictive of mortality among transplant recipients. In conclusion, multivessel CAD is associated with higher mortality after liver transplantation when it is documented angiographically before transplantation, even in the absence of severe coronary artery stenosis. This study provides preliminary evidence showing that there may be significant prognostic value in coronary angiography as a part of the pretransplant workup. Liver Transpl 16:1242-1248, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
HYPERON BETA DECAY. II.

To make a previous analysis of hyperon $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay complete, the ${q}^{2}$ spectrum of the decay rate and asymmetry functions are discussed. It is shown that these spectra provide a valuable source of information on the hard-to-measure form factors ${f}_{2}$ and ${g}_{2}$.
Some observations on the simple neuron circuit

A new point of view in the theory of neuron networks is here adumbrated in its relation to the simple circuit: it is shown how these methods enable us to extend considerably and unify previous results for this case in a much simpler way.
Assessing and rationalizing the management of a portfolio of clean technologies: experience from a French environmental fund and a World Bank Cleaner Production demonstration project in China.

Abstract Industrial pollution is intrinsically linked to the adoption and development of technological alternatives. Environmental policies from regulation to economic instruments, in industrialized nations as well as in developing countries and in transition economies, cannot ignore the technological dimension when they aim at controlling or preventing the pollution generated by industrial activities. The implementation of cleaner technologies has been examined here for a French environmental fund (the water agency Agence de l'Eau Rhin-Meuse) and for a World Bank Cleaner Production demonstration project in China. A three-dimensional assessment methodology, including (1) the level of innovation, (2) the type of process targeted, and (3) a process flow-oriented categorization of technologies, has been developed and has identified significant heterogeneity for the two venues. Using Foster's theory on innovation S-curves, three kinds of interpretation are proposed to distinguish what is due to intrinsic differences existing between the various technological choices, from what could be explained by resistance to change inside firms or to policy distortions. Thus, this assessment focuses on evaluating the performance of financial assistance for furthering environmental policy, identifying technological alternatives which should be particularly promoted, and monitoring the evolution of the various technological choices over time.
Herb and oil composition of dill (Anethum graveolens L.): Effects of crop maturity and plant density

Abstract Steam-distilled dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) oil yield and composition varies with the relative amount of vegetative and reproductive tissue and the maturity of the plant material distilled. The characteristics of the dill plant at harvest may be manipulated through production practices. A study was conducted in western Montana to determine the effects of crop maturity and plant density on dill plant growth and on oil production and quality. The crop was harvested at intervals from early fruit formation through fruit pigmentation. Oil yield declined with fruit maturity over the sampling period, particularly after the completion of fruit ripening and “seed” shatter. The carvone content of the oil increased and α-phellandrene decreased as the plant progressed from flowering to fruit ripeness. The highest oil yields with maximum carvone levels were obtained when most of the fruits on primary umbels were pigmented but had not become dry and fully mature. The balance between carvone and phellandrene in the oil was a function of the proportion of mature umbel tissue to vegetative and immature umbel tissue. Seeding rates of 2.2–17.9 kg ha −1 resulted in average plant densities of 100–474 plants m −2 . Total biomass production and oil yield were generally unaffected by plant density, but plant population influenced plant architecture and oil composition. Plants grown at low density had a more extensive development of umbellate fruiting structures and a lower proportion of leaf and stem tissue than did plants at high density. Carvone was higher in oil from widely spaced plants, while phellandrene, α-pinene, and dill ether (3,9-epoxy-1- p -menthene) were lower. Harvest date and plant density affected oil composition in a complementary manner. An early harvest or high plant density is preferable if herbaceous oil characteristics are desired, while a late harvest or low plant density is suitable when growing dill for seed or for a high-carvone oil.
Regulation of the descending relaxation phase of intestinal peristalsis by PACAP.

The presence of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), a homologue of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), in enteric neurons suggests that it may be involved in the regulation of the descending relaxation phase of the peristaltic reflex. The role of PACAP was evaluated by measurement of PACAP release and by immuno-neutralization with specific monoclonal antibodies to PACAP-27 and PACAP-38, and an antibody to VIP. Electrical field stimulation at 4 Hz caused a 12-fold increase in PACAP release that was inhibited by 53 ± 6% (P < 0.01) by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA). Orad stretch of colonic segments elicited descending relaxation and PACAP release in proportion to the degree of stretch. PACAP release induced by 10-g stretch was inhibited by 67 ± 10% (P < 0.01) by l-NNA. Previous studies (Am. J. Physiol., 264 (1993) G334–G340) showed that orad stretch elicits also VIP release and nitric oxide (NO) production and that VIP release is inhibited (59%) by l-NNA. Preincubation of the segments with PACAP-27 plus PACAP-38 antibodies (50 μg/ml each), or with VIP antibody (1:60) inhibited descending relaxation at all degrees of stretch (inhibition with PACAP antibodies: 90 ± 8% with 2-g and 22 ± 5% with 10-g stretch). Preincubation with both PACAP and VIP antibodies virtually abolished descending relaxation. A similar pattern was observed with the antagonists, PACAP6-38 and VIP10-28, alone and in combination. Studies in dispersed colonic muscle cells showed that (i) VIP- and PACAP-induced relaxation was inhibited by each antagonist and by l-NNA, and (ii) selective receptor protection with each peptide preserved the response to all three peptides, implying interaction of PACAP and VIP with a common receptor coupled to NO generation in muscle cells. We conclude that PACAP and VIP are the main determinants of descending relaxation and that their effect reflects interplay with NO in neurons and muscle cells.
Motion sickness induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR)

We tested the hypothesis that motion sickness is produced by an integration of the disparity between eye velocity and the yaw-axis orientation vector of velocity storage. Disparity was defined as the magnitude of the cross product between these two vectors. OVAR, which is known to produce motion sickness, generates horizontal eye velocity with a bias level related to velocity storage, as well as cyclic modulations due to re-orientation of the head re gravity. On average, the orientation vector is close to the spatial vertical. Thus, disparity can be related to the bias and tilt angle. Motion sickness sensitivity was defined as a ratio of maximum motion sickness score to the number of revolutions, allowing disparity and motion sickness sensitivity to be correlated. Nine subjects were rotated around axes tilted 10 degrees-30 degrees from the spatial vertical at 30 degrees/s-120 degrees/s. Motion sickness sensitivity increased monotonically with increases in the disparity due to changes in rotational velocity and tilt angle. Maximal motion sickness sensitivity and bias (6.8 degrees/s) occurred when rotating at 60 degrees/s about an axis tilted 30 degrees. Modulations in eye velocity during OVAR were unrelated to motion sickness sensitivity. The data were predicted by a model incorporating an estimate of head velocity from otolith activation, which activated velocity storage, followed by an orientation disparity comparator that activated a motion sickness integrator. These results suggest that the sensory-motor conflict that produces motion sickness involves coding of the spatial vertical by the otolith organs and body tilt receptors and processing of eye velocity through velocity storage.
Epidemiology of congenital hydrocephalus in Utah, 1940-1979: report of an iatrogenically related "epidemic".

As part of an epidemiological study of congenital hydrocephalus in Utah, we focused on the effect of ascertainment sources and temporal variability to further delineate the causes of this relatively common, handicapping birth defect. The incidence and distribution of 934 reported cases diagnosed prior to age 6 months, and born to Utah residents from 1940 to 1979, were analyzed. Data were ascertained by examination of multiple sources, e.g., 982,066 birth, 11,161 fetal death, and 248,208 death certificates, and selected hospital and clinic records. Of the 934 reported cases, 700 met our selection criteria for congenital hydrocephalus, which results in a crude incidence of 0.70 per 1,000 live and stillbirths. Seventy-one cases (10.1%) had additional, multiple congenital anomalies. The male/female sex ratios of the 619 cases of isolated congenital hydrocephalus (occurring as a single entity or in the absence of other reported or known birth defects) and those with multiple congenital anomalies (71 cases) were virtually identical, being 1.45 and 1.48, respectively. A significant 85% increase in the rate of reported cases was observed for the period 1966 to 1970. However, examination of patients' records from 1966 to 1975 in the hospital responsible for almost all of this increase suggests that this was an iatrogenically related “epidemic” caused by several factors: the introduction and possible misinterpretation of pneumoencephalograms (PEG) in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus (PEG was replaced by CAT scanning in the early 1970s), inappropriate diagnosis, and incorrect recording of age at time of diagnosis. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Applications of Forensic Science in Private Security

Private security guards are a necessity at the present time, as a complement of the police departments in order to combat crime and terrorism. Both police forces and private security organizations are greatly helped in their work by the methods of forensic science. Forensic science applies scientific methods to the solving of crimes. These methods include fingerprinting, drug analysis, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) studies, ballistics, arson and explosive investigations, and studies of glass fragments. Fingerprinting and urine, saliva, or hair analysis for the presence of drugs are essential for the hiring of private security guards, in order to establish their suitability for the position.
Ex-vivo study of flow dynamics and endothelial cell structure during extended hypothermic machine perfusion preservation of livers.

Liver transplantation is often the only effective treatment for end stage liver diseases resulting from cirrhosis, hepatitis, progressive jaundice, and biliary atresia. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) preservation may enhance donor pool by extending preservation time and reclaiming marginal donor livers including those from non-heart beating donors (NHBD), as demonstrated in the kidney. However, current HMP protocols have not been successful in improving extended preservation of livers and the major cause of preservation injury remains unknown. An intravital microscopy study was conducted to understand the flow dynamics of sinusoidal perfusion during 24 h HMP with cold modified University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) labeled albumin was utilized to visualize microvascular space and FITC labeled red blood cells (RBCs) were used to visualize flow dynamics during HMP. A heterogeneous flow pattern with regions of red cell stasis was observed after 24-h HMP. To examine the cause of red cell stasis, intravital and confocal microscopy studies of endothelial cells (ECs) structure labeled with DiI acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI acLDL) were conducted. These studies suggest that morphological changes in EC structures occurred during 24 h HMP, which may cause obstruction to the sinusoidal flow. Histological findings confirm these results. As a result, heterogeneous flow pattern, red cell stasis, and edema occur, which may lead to the failure of these tissues following extended HMP.
“I Feel Like a Rock Star”: Fatherhood for Stay-at-Home Fathers

Since the 1970s, fathers have experienced a new set of expectations for their role. Fathers are now expected to be more involved with the hands-on daily caregiving of their children. Perhaps because of these changing expectations, more men are choosing to be stay-at-home fathers than in previous generations. Very little sociological research exists about stay-at-home fathers’ ideas about fatherhood in the U.S. In particular, how do such men conceive of their status as stay-at-home fathers and of fatherhood? I explore these questions through in-depth interviews with men from locations across the United States. My study shows that stay-athome fathers enact fatherhood in ways that may be starting to transform traditional and new ideals of fatherhood.
Calculations of the generalized dynamic structure factor for amorphous silicon

Abstract In an extension of our previous studies, a normal mode analysis is performed for a 4096 atom structural model, of cubic cell size L=44 A, of amorphous silicon within the Stillinger Weber potential. The peaks in dynamic structure factor quantities SL(Q,ω) and ST(Q,ω), where L and T refer to projections of eigenvectors onto vectors parallel and perpendicular to Q , are studied. An attempt is made to estimate Ioffe–Regel crossover frequencies. In agreement with a previous estimate for the commencement of diffusons a frequency corresponding to 17 meV is found for the transverse-like Ioffe–Regel crossover. SL for fixed Q, is found to be reasonably Lorentzian up to Q=3 (2π/L). SL functions which have peak-height frequencies above the transverse acoustic maximum frequency ωT,max are strongly skewed towards higher frequencies. The Lorentzian breadths below and above ωT,max are roughly of the forms Q2 and Q4, respectively. Finally, a small positive dispersion describes the peak positions of SL, in qualitative agreement with related studies on other model glassy systems.
TECHNO‐SECULARISM: COMMENTS AND REFLECTIONS

. I comment on some of the points made in John Caiazza's thesis on techno-secularism and offer some of my own further reflections on the subject. Tertullian's rhetorical question about Athens and Jerusalem has universal relevance, not just for Western culture, and, notwithstanding the many positive contributions of science and technology to human culture and civilization, they may not take the place of religion of one kind or another in the foreseeable future. What is needed is to transform religions in ways that meet the challenges of a world drastically transformed by science and technology.
New reaction kinetic aspects of the thermal oxidation of sputtered tantalum (nitride) layers

We have examined the thermal oxidation of tantalum (nitride) layers prepared for resistor application in order to find a kinetic model suitable to describe both short- and long-term changes occurring in the range between 200 and 360°C. The oxidation process was followed by resistivity measurements and the results so obtained were checked against a specially devised coulombmetry and SIMS method.
Aminopyralid soil residues affect rotational vegetable crops in Florida.

BACKGROUND: Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) is a poor host of several soilborne pests of vegetable crops; therefore vegetable crops are commonly grown in a rotation with bahiagrass pastures in Florida. The herbicide aminopyralid provides foliar and soil residual weed control and increases forage production in bahiagrass pastures; however, the soil residual activity of aminopyralid makes carryover injury likely in subsequent sensitive vegetable crops. Field research was conducted to determine the sensitivity of five vegetable crops to soil residues of aminopyralid. RESULTS: At an aminopyralid soil concentration of 0.2 µg kg−1 (the limit of quantitation for aminopyralid in this research), crop injury ratings were 48% (bell pepper), 67% (eggplant), 71% (tomato), 3% (muskmelon) and 3% (watermelon), and fruit yield losses (relative to the untreated control) at that concentration were 61, 64, 95, 8 and 14% in those respective crops. CONCLUSIONS: The crops included in this research were negatively affected by aminopyralid at soil concentrations less than the limit of quantitation (0.2 µg kg−1). Therefore, it was concluded that a field bioassay must be used to determine whether carryover injury will occur when these crops are planted on a site where aminopyralid has been previously applied. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra with Very Large Quadrupole Couplings

Frozen solution electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra are reported for [(η 4 -cod)Rh(μ-RNNNR) 2 -Ir(CO) 2 ] + (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), [(PPh 3 )(CO)Rh(μ-RNNNR) 2 Ir(CO)(PPh 3 )] + (R = p-tolyl) and [Tp'Ir-(CO)(PPh 3 ] + (Tp' = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate). In the first spectrum, the Rh hyperfine coupling dominates and there are no significant quadrupolar effects. In the second spectrum, the low-field (g x and g y ) features are 1:2:1 triplets rather than 1:1:1:1 quartets (I = 3/2 for 1 9 1 Ir and 1 9 3 Ir), and in the third, the x and y features appear to be doublets. These anomalies result from the very large quadrupole moment for the iridium isotopes. This can be partially understood from a perturbation theory treatment, but quantitative simulations require direct matrix diagonalization and careful treatment of the problem, with respect to the orientation of the electron spin and nuclear spin quantization axes. The theoretical aspects of the calculations are presented, together with an interpretation of the results in terms of the electronic structures of the complexes.
Certain asymptotic relations for the dynamic moduli in superposed oscillatory shear

Abstract We consider the incompressible BKZ fluid subjected to small in-line and transverse oscillations superposed on steady shearing flow. Investigations are made of the asymptotic behavior of the storage and loss moduli at ultrasonic frequencies. Asymptotic formulae for both shear and normal stress moduli are obtained. We also point out the relationships between the ultrasonic storage moduli and acceleration waves.
Invited paper. A topological approach to fault diagnosis in analogue circuits

The paper deals with single-element fault detection for linear analogue circuits. The method proposed is based on the measurement of a set of node voltages for a circuit excited by one or more current sources. The measured values of these node voltages specify a point in m-dimensional vector space that is compared with the precomputed curves as defined by the parametric equations of the components in the network. The faulty component is located by the relative distance between the measured point and the curves. The subtree-sum method is used to calculate the symbolic network functions. The theoretical basis of the procedure is also discussed. An example is worked out in detail to demonstrate the feasibility of the procedure.
Phenyl-to-Oxo Migration in an Electrophilic Rhenium(VII) Dioxo Complex

Reaction of (HBpz3)ReO(Ph)(OTf) with oxygen atom donors leads to oxidation of the phenyl group [HBpz3 = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate, OTf = triflate, OSO2CF3]. Reaction with Me2SO gives the adduct [(HBpz3)ReO(Ph)(OSMe2)]OTf, which undergoes phenyl-to-oxo migration at 25 °C to give the phenoxide complex [(HBpz3)ReO(OPh)(OSMe2)]OTf and Me2S. The Me2SO adduct readily and reversibly loses Me2S (k = 2.9(4) s-1 at 25 °C) as indicated by isotope exchange reactions and magnetization transfer. The Me2SO adduct also slowly oxidizes Me2SO to Me2SO2. These reactions all proceed via an intermediate rhenium(VII) dioxo complex, [(HBpz3)ReO2(Ph)]OTf. This dioxo complex can be observed at low temperature on reaction of (HBpz3)ReO(Ph)(OTf) with pyridine N-oxide. It rearranges at 0 °C by phenyl-to-oxo migration to give phenoxide products and the catecholate complex (HBpz3)ReO(O2C6H4). The kinetics of this migration have been measured (ΔH⧧ = 14.8(7) kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = −20.5(25) eu). From these data and the activation parameters...
Differential Synthesis of Ribonucleic Acid in Uterine Nuclei: Evidence for Selective Gene Transcription Induced by Estrogens

Nearest neighbour frequencies and base composition of [32P]RNA synthesized by uterine nuclei of ovariectomized rats were altered by the injection of estradiol-17β to the animals. The administration of actinomycin D in vivo minimized the differences. These findings indicate that estrogen selectively enhances the synthesis by the uterine nuclei in vitro of RNA rich in cytidylyl-(3′,5′)-guanosine, guanosyl-(3′,5′)-uridine, and guanosyl-(3′,5′)-guanosine. There is also an increase in the content of adenosyl-(3′-5′)-uridine.