cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medical‐Monotoring – Ein neuer Trend im Chemie‐Schadensrecht

Fur Chemie-Unternehmen in Europa ist die Auseinandersetzung mit der EU-Kommission uber die REACH-Verordnung seit Jahren das bestimmende Thema. Punktlich vor den anstehenden Beratungen des REACH-Entwurfs im EU-Parlament hat der World Wildlife Fund am 21. April 2004 in Brussel die Ergebnisse einer Studie [1] veroffentlicht, wonach im Blut von 39 EU-Abgeordneten 76 “iftige” Chemikalien aus industrieller Produktion nachgewiesen worden sein sollen.
Ensiling Characteristics of Coastal Bermudagrass Harvested at the Prehead and Full-Head Stages of Growth

Summary In a study of the influence of growth stage at harvest on changes occurring during ensiling, four 8- by 24-ft. tower silos were rapidly filled with Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) at the (a) prehead and (b) full-head stages. Ground shelled corn was added at the rate of 100 lb per ton of forage. The younger forage contained more protein and less NFE, but the levels of crude fiber and dry matter were not materially affected by harvesting stage. Level of ammoniacal N and pH were approximately the same for silages made from the prehead and full-head Coastal Bermudagrass. The percentages of organic acids were quite low for all silages with prehead silage containing somewhat more lactic acid. On a dry matter basis total organic acids were 4.2 and 4.1% for the prehead and full-head silages. Nutrient losses by both fermentation and spoil-age, as determined by the input-output method, were larger for the more mature material. Temperatures developed during ensiling were approximately the same for all four silages, with average peak values of 104 and 105 F in silos with prehead and full-head material.
Pregnancy in chronic renal failure: a novel cause of theca lutein cysts at MRI.

We describe the MRI findings of bilateral ovarian theca lutein cysts in a pregnant patient with chronic renal failure. The recognition that pregnancy in chronic renal failure may result in theca lutein cysts, presumably due to excessive serum beta human chorionic gonadotropins (hCGs) secondary to impaired renal excretion, expands the differential diagnosis for this MRI appearance, in addition to the usual considerations of gestational trophoblastic disease, multiple gestation, and ovarian hyperstimulation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Controlling low-temperature tunneling dynamics with external fields.

The tunneling of a particle between two states, as influenced by coupling the particle to an external field, is investigated. A spin-boson Hamiltonian is used to describe the tunnel system and its interaction with a medium and is augmented by a term coupling the dipole moment of the particle to the external field. A projection operator method is introduced that provides equations of motion for the particle's density matrix and permits discussion of external field effects on tunneling even at very low temperatures. These equations of motion can exhibit solutions characterized by population relaxation with a rate constant that is an average over the period of the external field. As an application of this theory, the modification by an external field of the tunneling rate of a defect in a metal, where the system-medium interaction is characterized by an Ohmic spectrum, is evaluated. At sufficiently low temperatures, for experimentally relevant parameter values, suitably chosen (constant and/or sinusoidal), external fields can greatly suppress or enhance the tunneling rate relative to the field-independent value. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Four Pedagogical Approaches in Helping Students Learn Information Literacy Skills

Abstract In spring 2012, Rider University librarians heightened their collaboration with classroom faculty to teach students in core writing classes information literacy (IL) skills during IL instruction (ILI) sessions. This quasi-experimental study assessed four pedagogical approaches for single or multi-session ILI. The conventional approach, which involves lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on time, was used in both the control and the experimental groups. The three experimental groups involved: (a) assigning students to preview the class Research Guide and take a graded quiz (Preview group), (b) engaging interactively with students during the ILI session (Active Learning group), and (c) providing multiple instruction and follow-up sessions (Multi-session group). A different pretest and posttest based on the first two ACRL Information Competency Standards for Higher Education (2000) were developed for assessment. The results showed that student knowledge of concepts included in the training improved significantly in both the control and the experimental groups, but no differences were found among the teaching methods employed. The qualitative analysis revealed that the professor in the Preview group who integrated IL cohesively in her assignments experienced more satisfactory learning outcomes. The overall low scores suggest that more powerful instruction strategies besides diversified pedagogies are needed to significantly enhance long-term retention.
Drumming Behavior of Four Western Nearctic Isoperla Species (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)

The drumming behaviors of four Isoperla species from the western Nearctic region are described for the first time. All have monophasic male calls and sequenced male-female exchanges. Isoperla miwok Bottorff & Szczytko males call with a mean of 5.7 beats and 25.3-ms beat intervals. Male-female drumming extends up to six-way exchanges. Isoperla acula Jewett males call with a mean of 4.1 beats and 356.8-ms beat intervals; male-female exchanges are two-way. Male calls appear to be produced by abdominal tapping and rubbing of the substrate. Drumming in I. acula differs greatly from that of the closely related I. mormona Banks, apparently helping these sympatric species maintain reproductive isolation. Isoperla adunca Jewett males call with a mean of 6.1 beats and 137.8-ms beat intervals. Isoperla bifurcata Szczytko & Stewart males call with a mean of 6.4 beats and 47.2-ms beat intervals; male-female exchanges are two-way. Some California Isoperla have similar male calls, but drumming is species-specific for the entire male-female behavior. Considerable variability in drumming behavior exists between and within the five species complexes of western Nearctic Isoperla . As a group, Isoperla displays many derived drumming traits.
Endoscopic inferior turbinoplasty.

Turbinectomy is a widely performed procedure for treatment of turbinate hypertrophy and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. In this article an endoscopic variation of the inferior turbinoplasty is prese...
Electronic peer review and peer grading in computer-science courses

We have implemented a peer-grading system for review of student assignments over the World-Wide Web and used it in approximately eight computer-science courses. Students prepare their assignments and submit them to our Peer Grader (PG) system. Other students are then assigned to review and grade the assignments. The system allows authors and reviewers to communicate with authors being able to update their submissions. Unique features of our approach include the ability to submit arbitrary sets of Web pages for review, and mechanisms for encouraging careful review of submissions. We have used the system to produce high-quality compilations of student work. Our assignment cycle consists of six phases, from signing up for an assignment to Web publishing of the final result. Based upon our experience with PG, we offer suggestions for improving the system to make it more easily usable by students at all levels.
High-pressure structural phase stability in Hg TO 1 TPa (10 Mbar)

Abstract From first-principles total-energy calculations on Hg over a wide volume range, we predict: (i) a pressure-induced bct (β-Hg) to hcp phase transition near 100 GPa (1 Mbar); (ii) a stable, low-temperature hcp structure from 100 GPa to at least 1 TPa (10 Mbar), with a high but increasing c / a ratio approaching a limiting value of 1.83; and (iii) three additional distorted, metastable phases (including α-Hg), all possibly energetically accessible at high temperature.
The Variation in Hospital Charges: A Problem in Determining Cost/Benefit for Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Based on 417 itemized bills from 45 American hospitals that responded to a randomized, geographically stratified survey covering January to June, 1976, the middle 50% of hospital charges for cardiac operations ranged between $5,914 and $10,315. Nonitemizing hospitals submitted lower, but less accurate, estimates. As 60% of the itemized bill consisted of high charge/cost items such as laboratory and pharmacy fees, total charges were not lowered merely by increasing case load or decreasing operating room times. Careful individualization of services in 1 hospital, however, reduced charges up to 16%. Charge per day was a poor index of efficiency because patients staying longer had lower average daily charges. The variation in hospital charges and lack of accounting uniformity preclude meaningful quantitation of either the "typical" charge or the numerator of the cost/benefit ratio for cardiac operations.
Beyond Pareto optima, efficiency and the “free market”

The author in this essay surrounds John Paul II with professional economists from the past and the present, such as Taussig, Keynes, Richard and Peggy Musgrave, and Stiglitz, all of whom have very similar reservations concerning the social beneficence of the “free market”. As with these professionals, John Paul II’s vision of the social economy embraces and transcends Pareto efficiency and optimality. Those who seize selectively on John Paul II’s acceptance in his 1991 encyclical Centesimus Annus of the market mechanism for its efficiency in allocating resources, and those who think that such a one as John Paul II without formal training in economics is a voice crying alone, Nitsch contends, have further reading and more thinking to do.
Realization of a programmable two-qubit quantum processor

A simple programmable quantum processor has been created using trapped atomic ions. The system can be programmed with 15 classical inputs to produce any unitary operation on two qubits. This trapped-ion approach is amenable to scaling up for creating more complex circuits.
Ancient Maya wood selection and forest exploitation: a view from the Paynes Creek salt works, Belize

Ancient building construction wood preserved in a peat bog below the seafloor in a shallow mangrove lagoon in Paynes Creek National Park, Belize, provides an exceptional record of Classic Maya wood use. Identifications of construction wood at Early Classic Chan B'i, and Late Classic Atz'aam Na, are reported and discussed to assess forest exploitation and species selection over time. Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) dominates the Early Classic assemblage. The Late Classic assemblage is characterized by greater variability and an absence of mangrove species. When considered in the environmental context, identified species conform to principles of optimal foraging. The change in the wood assemblage over time suggests overexploitation of forest resources, resulting in deforestation of the local landscape and subsequent adaptation of foraging behavior. Deforestation is linked to the wider social context in which growing inland populations created demand for salt, putting greater pressure on the forest resources exploited by the Paynes Creek salt works for fuel and timber.
Interleukin-12 Immunotherapy of Murine Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Dose Dependent Tumor Eradication and Generation of Protective Immunity

ABSTRACTPurpose: The antitumor activity of interleukin (IL)-12 has been demonstrated in a number of tumor models but barely tested in bladder cancer models. We evaluated the antibladder cancer activity of this cytokine in syngeneic mice bearing subcutaneous, metastatic and orthotopic tumors.Materials and Methods: Mice were implanted subcutaneously, intravenously or orthotopically with syngeneic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. The tumor bearing mice were then treated with IL-12 locally or systemically and monitored for tumor regression and survival.Results: In the subcutaneous model dose dependent suppression of tumorigenesis was observed when IL-12 was administered subcutaneously at a distal site with the MB49 line being more sensitive than MBT-2. IL-12 (10 days) above 50 ng daily was tumor inhibitory, while doses of 500 or 1,000 ng daily prolonged survival and cured 70% and 75% of subjects, respectively. Upon re-challenge with parental tumor cells mice previously cured with IL-12 (1,000...
Trends in Party Preferences 1949-1976

This analysis explores the impact of war, unemployment and partisanship on trends in Democratic and Republican preferences. It furthers the discussion of the influence of economic conditions on party choice by exploring the hypothesized relationship in a different context-the influence of economic conditions on party preferences between elections. At election times, party choice is reflected in the two-party vote. In the absence of an election, a surrogate for party choice can be obtained from the distribution of responses to the frequent opinion survey query as to which political party could do the "best job" in running government and solving societal problems ("party preferences"). Trends in these questions reveal that unemployment diminishes Republican preferences (and increases Democratic preferences) while the existence of war exercises no significant influence on party preference.
A continuum model for granular materials: Considering dilatancy and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion

In this paper we will explore the consequences of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion on the constitutive equation proposed by Rajagopal and Massoudi [1]. This contunuum model which is based on the earlier works of Cowin [2] has also the ability to predict the dilatancy effect which is related to the normal stress effects. At the same time, if a proper representation is given to some of the material parameters, this model would also comply with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. We also present, as a special case, an exact solution for the case of simple shear flows.
England's “Age of invention”: The acceleration of patents and patentable invention during the industrial revolution☆

Abstract Estimation of a varying parameter model reveals that the trend of patents issued in England accelerated markedly in 1757. Similar results are obtained when patents are weighted by the number of production processes in which the patented invention may be used. There is no evidence that the rules or regulations regarding patents changed around 1757, and investigation of the propensity to patent in individual industries, and of the industrial distribution of patents, does not reveal a systematic change in the propensity to patent. Therefore, an acceleration in patentable invention must have caused the acceleration in patenting. The increase of the growth rate of patenting preceded an increase of the growth rate of total factor productivity, suggesting a causal relationship. Additionally, the fluctuation of patents around trend is much smaller after 1757, which reflects a widely based increase in patentable invention. Finally, the 1762 to 1851 period was characterized by an increased growth rate of patents and invention per person; England had entered her “Age of Invention.”
A Theological Context of Work from the Catholic Social Encyclical Tradition

This article draws upon 100 years of writings which are referred to as the Catholic Social Tradition (CST). Using this tradition as a guide, the nature of work is explored along with the principles and virtues which vitalize the deepest dimension of work — how it affects the dignity of the human person. It develops five operational ethical principles which can be applied to questions of workplace ethics. Organizational policies and programs that seem consistent with CST are also discussed.
Quantifying aphid predation: the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni in California as a case study

Summary 1. Generalist insect predators provide an important ecosystem service in the regulation of agricultural pests. However, the role of predation in the dynamics of aphid populations has been difficult to quantify as any change in aphid density results from a balance between two opposing processes, aphid recruitment through reproduction and aphid mortality through predation. 2. Our goal in this study was to determine the degree to which aphid consumption by naturally occurring densities of aphidophagous predators is responsible for observed seasonal changes in aphid densities. We quantified consumptive predation using a mechanistic approach that incorporates the balance between aphid recruitment and mortality. We used the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni in Prunus domestica plum orchards as a model system. 3. Our approach was to compare two quantities: a demographic-based estimate of predation and an observation-based estimate of predation. The demographic-based estimate used a simple model of aphid population growth and predation. It estimates the mortality that must have occurred to give rise to observed changes in aphid densities between sample dates. The model uses independent estimates of aphid population growth rate in the absence of predation. The observation-based estimate combined field data on predator densities in plum orchards with stage- and species-specific per capita predation rates estimated from field observation. 4. Predation may have reduced the rate at which mealy plum aphid populations increased early in the season and rebounded from mid-season declines, but was not sufficient to prevent high aphid densities or to accelerate rates of decline later in the season. Moreover, predation at naturally occurring densities did not appear sufficient to drive the directional changes in mealy plum aphid densities at any point through the season. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that natural densities of generalist predators can be too low to provide effective biological control services for an aphid pest. Generalist aphid predators could provide more effective control if early-season densities were increased through augmentative releases or encouragement of crop colonization, but the commercial viability of these options remains to be tested.
Analysis of the role of Caenorhabditis elegans GC‐AG introns in regulated splicing

GC-AG introns represent 0.7% of total human pre-mRNA introns. To study the function of GC-AG introns in splicing regulation, 196 cDNA-confirmed GC-AG introns were identified in Caenorhabditis elegans. These represent 0.6% of the cDNA- confirmed intron data set for this organism. Eleven of these GC-AG introns are involved in alternative splicing. In a comparison of the genomic sequences of homologous genes between C.elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae for 26 GC-AG introns, the C at the +2 position is conserved in only five of these introns. A system to experimentally test the function of GC-AG introns in alternative splicing was developed. Results from these experiments indicate that the conserved C at the +2 position of the tenth intron of the let-2 gene is essential for developmentally regulated alternative splicing. This C allows the splice donor to function as a very weak splice site that works in balance with an alternative GT splice donor. A weak GT splice donor can functionally replace the GC splice donor and allow for splicing regulation. These results indicate that while the majority of GC-AG introns appear to be constitutively spliced and have no evolutionary constraints to prevent them from being GT-AG introns, a subset of GC-AG introns is involved in alternative splicing and the C at the +2 position of these introns can have an important role in splicing regulation.
Space Charge Segregation at Grain Boundaries in Titanium Dioxide: I, Relationship between Lattice Defect Chemistry and Space Charge Potential

The electrical potential difference between the interface and the bulk in TiO2 is obtained as a function of temperature, oxygen pressure, and acceptor or donor doping from a space charge model that explicitly includes the high-temperature lattice defect chemistry. Using defect equilibrium constants for TiO2 from previous literature studies, it is shown that for a space charge determined by ionic defect equilibration with the interface, the potential is negative in undoped and acceptor-doped TiO2 and positive at high donor concentrations. The isoelectric point lies in the donor-doped regime at high temperatures due to the contribution of defects from reduction, even for fairly oxidizing ambients.
The Constitution of the Roman Republic: A Political Economy Perspective

The constitution of the Roman Republic featured a system of checks and balances that would eventually influence the American founders, yet it had very different characteristics from the system of separation of powers that the founders created. The Roman senate gave advice but did not legislate; the people voted directly on bills and appointments in popular assemblies; and a group of magistrates, led by a pair of consuls, proposed bills, brought prosecutions, served as judges, led military forces, and performed other governmental functions. This paper analyzes the Roman constitution from the perspective of agency theory, and argues that the extensive checks and balances, which were intended to prevent the recurrence of monarchy, may have gone too far. Suitable for an earlier period in which the population was small and the political class was homogeneous, the constitution proved unworkable when Rome acquired a vast, diverse empire. The lessons of Roman constitutionalism for the American constitution are also discussed.
What's new in general surgery: burns and metabolism.

Abstract "What's New in Surgery" evolves from the contributions of leaders in each of the fields of surgery. In every instance the author has been designated by the appropriate Council from the American College of Surgeons' Advisory Councils for the Surgical Specialties. This feature is now presented in issues of the Journal throughout the year .
Beginning With El Barrio: Learning From Exemplary Teachers of Latino Students

This study draws from data collected through phenomenological interviews with a group of urban teachers identified as “exemplary” by Latino students, parents, and community members. The authors critically examine the participants' biographies and document factors they cited as most germane and influential to informing their practice with Latino students. The article concludes with a discussion of barrio-based epistemologies and ontologies, or ways of being and knowing that are informed by extended immersion in and connection to Latino cultural and linguistic communities, particularly as they are developed explicitly and leveraged to improve educational experiences and outcomes for Latino youth.
Parenteral quinidine in the treatment of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation.

Abstract This is the first recorded instance of the control of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation with parenteral quinidine. When this drug was first introduced, it seemed that it would have a field of usefulness in controlling auricular or ventricular tachycardias or fibrillation in patients temporarily rendered incapable of oral administration. This report indicates its usefulness in those who are permanently unable to take quinidine by mouth.
Two- and three-stranded complexes containing homopolymers polyriboadenylic acid and polyribobromouridylic acid

Abstract The formation, dissociation and interconversion of two- and three-stranded complexes composed of the homopolymers rA † and rBU have been studied. The effects of temperature and pH at 0.1 m -sodium ion concentration on the equilibria between the homopolymers and the two possible complexes have been investigated, and areas of stability of the different forms have been delineated. The effect of relative amounts of the two polymers on the nature of the complex formed has been studied. The results have been discussed in relation to those obtained in the rA-rU system. The three-stranded complex, rA:rBU 2 , is more stable relative to the two-stranded complex, rA:rBU, than is the case for the analogous rA-rU homopolymer complexes. The effect of bromine in stabilizing ribopolynucleotide complexes containing BU is not dependent on base sequence when the helix-coil transition occurs at alkaline pH. However, at neutral pH the homopolymer complex rA:rBU 2 is found to be significantly more stable than the copolymer complex rABU:rABU, suggesting that a base sequence effect on the stabilization conferred by bromine may exist at neutral pH.
Validation of eating and dieting expectancy measures in two adolescent samples.

Objective To demonstrate the validity of two measures of eating and dieting expectancies (The Eating Expectancy Inventory [EEI] and the Thinness and Restricting Expectancy Inventory, [TREI]) for use with adolescents. Method Seventh (N = 392) and tenth graders (N = 300) completed the Bulimia Test-Revised (BULIT-R), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-II), and two factors of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Results Findings replicated for the two adolescent samples. The expectancy that thinness leads to overgeneralized life improvement correlated with measures of “successful” dieting, dieting plus disinhibition, and bulimic symptomatology. Expectancies for negative reinforcement from eating (e.g., eating helps manage negative affect and alleviate boredom) correlated with dieting plus disinhibition and bulimic symptoms, but not with successful dieting. Negative reinforcement from eating and reinforcement from thinness expectancies accounted for different bulimic symptom variance than that accounted for by the personality factors of perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, and ineffectiveness. Discussion Results were consistent with prior work on college and clinical samples, thus supporting use of the expectancy measures with adolescents. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 461–473, 2002.
Circularly polarized slot antenna with a simple feed design for solar cell integration

A cavity-backed circularly polarized slot antenna is presented with a simple feed design. The antenna has right handed circular polarization and operates at 2.5 GHz. The antenna can be easily integrated on the solar panels of a cube satellite without occupying additional surface area of the satellite. The measured axial ratio is less than 3 dB and has a good gain that is sufficient for a cube satellite application. The antenna and the feed design are simple and can be easily extended to array configuration for integration with larger solar panels.
Single-channel Ca2+ imaging implicates Aβ1–42 amyloid pores in Alzheimer’s disease pathology

Oligomeric forms of Aβ peptides are implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and disrupt membrane integrity, leading to cytosolic calcium (Ca(2+)) elevation. Proposed mechanisms by which Aβ mediates its effects include lipid destabilization, activation of native membrane channels, and aggregation of Aβ into Ca(2+)-permeable pores. We distinguished between these using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to image Ca(2+) influx in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Aβ1-42 oligomers evoked single-channel Ca(2+) fluorescence transients (SCCaFTs), which resembled those from classical ion channels but which were not attributable to endogenous oocyte channels. SCCaFTs displayed widely variable open probabilities (P(o)) and stepwise transitions among multiple amplitude levels reminiscent of subconductance levels of ion channels. The proportion of high P(o), large amplitude SCCaFTs grew with time, suggesting that continued oligomer aggregation results in the formation of highly toxic pores. We conclude that formation of intrinsic Ca(2+)-permeable membrane pores is a major pathological mechanism in AD and introduce TIRF imaging for massively parallel single-channel studies of the incorporation, assembly, and properties of amyloidogenic oligomers.
Cyclopropyl and Related Analogs of the Anti-HIV Compound, Isodideoxyadenosine

Abstract Novel 3′-substituted isonucleoside analogs were designed on the basis of the similarities of their electrostatic potential with the active anti-HIV compound, (S,S)-isodideoxy-adenosine. The key synthetic step involved coupling between the dideoxygenated sugar derivatives, 10 and 14, and adenine under Mitsunobu conditions. Anti-HIV data are mentioned.
Emergency phenytoin loading by constant intravenous infusion

We evaluated the efficacy of constant intravenous (IV) phenytoin infusion. Thirty-eight patients were evaluated prospectively for complications of continuous-infusion phenytoin loading. A total dose of 18 mg/kg was administered as a solution of 500 mg phenytoin in 50 mL normal saline using a constant infusion pump. The initial delivery rate was 40 mg/min. Cardiac rhythm was monitored by telemetry, and rhythm strips and vital signs were obtained every 15 minutes during infusion. Therapeutic phenytoin blood levels (greater than 10 μ g/mL) were achieved in 37 patients (97%). Infusion was discontinued in one patient because of IV site irritation shortly after initiation of the infusion. Phenytoin levels in the toxic range were seen immediately postinfusion in 22 patients and in the four-hour postinfusion samples of 16 patients. Thirteen of 18 levels drawn 12 to 24 hours after infusion were therapeutic. Phenytoin levels greater than 20 μ g/mL were tolerated without significant change in rhythm, QRS interval, or QT interval. A small statistically significant (P
An Escherichia coli Mutant Quinol:Fumarate Reductase Contains an EPR-detectable Semiquinone Stabilized at the Proximal Quinone-binding Site

The EPR and thermodynamic properties of semiquinone (SQ) species stabilized by mammalian succinate:quinone reductase (SQR) in situ in the mitochondrial membrane and in the isolated enzyme have been well documented. The equivalent semiquinones in bacterial membranes have not yet been characterized, either in SQR or quinol:fumarate reductase (QFR) in situ. In this work, we describe an EPR-detectable QFR semiquinone using Escherichia coli mutant QFR (FrdC E29L) and the wild-type enzyme. The SQ exhibits a g = 2.005 signal with a peak-to-peak line width of approximately 1.1 milliteslas at 150 K, has a midpoint potential (E(m(pH 7.2))) of -56.6 mV, and has a stability constant of approximately 1.2 x 10(-2) at pH 7.2. It shows extremely fast spin relaxation behavior with a P(1/2) value of >>500 milliwatts at 150 K, which closely resembles the previously described SQ species (SQ(s)) in mitochondrial SQR. This SQ species seems to be present also in wild-type QFR, but its stability constant is much lower, and its signal intensity is near the EPR detection limit around neutral pH. In contrast to mammalian SQR, the membrane anchor of E. coli QFR lacks heme; thus, this prosthetic group can be excluded as a spin relaxation enhancer. The trinuclear iron-sulfur cluster FR3 in the [3Fe-4S](1+) state is suggested as the dominant spin relaxation enhancer of the SQ(FR) spins in this enzyme. E. coli QFR activity and the fast relaxing SQ species observed in the mutant enzyme are sensitive to the inhibitor 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO). In wild-type E. coli QFR, HQNO causes EPR spectral line shape perturbations of the iron-sulfur cluster FR3. Similar spectral line shape changes of FR3 are caused by the FrdC E29L mutation, without addition of HQNO. This indicates that the SQ and the inhibitor-binding sites are located in close proximity to the trinuclear iron-sulfur cluster FR3. The data further suggest that this site corresponds to the proximal quinone-binding site in E. coli QFR.
Human Community and Divine Presence: Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Theological Critique of Hegel

Karl Barth once said that we must always think three times before contradicting Hegel's system, ‘because we might find that everything we are tempted to say in contradiction to it has already been said within it’. Hegel wanted his thought to mirror the full movement of life, and to Barth (avid moviegoer no less than Mozart aficionado), this movement proceeds like the film of the cinematograph, though one so extraordinary that it depicts ‘the rhythm of life itself’, running exhaustively through the fullness of history, capturing the ‘exact recollection’ of the observed plenitude of being. When Hegel in the Phenomenology concludes the magisterial section on absolute knowledge with the statement that here ‘Spirit has wound up the process of its embodiment’, he is not, as Richard Rorty cavalierly suggests, recommending a new and improved vocabulary, but is celebrating the complete infusion of truth into the dialectic of knowing. As Barth says, ‘Truth is necessary to [Hegel] and, indeed, necessary to him in its unity, in its actuality, in the divine rigor inherent in it.’
The Theory of Union Growth

I. Conditions favorable to union growth: unions as defensive organizations, 611; the "prosperity theory," 614; union growth and price movements, 617. — Preliminary formulation of a theory of union growth, 619. — II. Booms in union growth, 620. — The influence of wars, 622. — Inertia, 623. — Employer opposition, 624. — The "welfare" approach, 625. — III. The importance of leadership, 625. — IV. The influence of industrialization, 628. — V. Conclusion: expansion of the preliminary theory of union growth, 632.
Virtual Shelves in a Digital Library: A Framework for Access to Networked Information Sources

Objective : Develop a framework for collections-based access to networked information sources that addresses the problem of location-dependent access to information sources. Design: This framework uses a metaphor of a virtual shelf. A virtual shelf is a general-purpose server that is dedicated to a particular information subject class. The identifier of one of these servers identifies its subject class. Location-independent call numbers are assigned to information sources. Call numbers are based on standard vocabulary codes. The call numbers are first mapped to the location-independent identifiers of virtual shelves. When access to an information resource is required, a location directory provides a second mapping of these location-independent server identifiers to actual network locations. Results: The framework has been implemented in two different systems. One system is based on the Open System Foundation/Distributed Computing Environment and the other is based on the World Wide Web. Conclusions: This framework applies in new ways traditional methods of library classification and cataloging. It is compatible with two traditional styles of selecting information sources, searching and browsing. Traditional methods may be combined with new paradigms of information searching that will be able to take advantage of the special properties of digital information. Cooperation between the library-informational-science community and the informatics community can provide a means for a continuing application of the knowledge and techniques of library science to the new problems of networked information sources.
Work Experiences and Family Interaction Processes: The Long Reach of the Job?

Until recently little theoretical or empirical attention has focused on the ways in which socially structured experiences in the workplace affect the interactions that occur within families. This review considers the many levels at which family interaction is currently being studied, presents arguments regarding expected relationships between aspects of workplace experiences and spousal and parent-child interaction, and summarizes the relatively small body of empirical research that links occupation and family interaction. It emphasizes the extent to which emotional consequences of work mediate the effect of workplace conditions on family interaction. The chapter reviews evidence suggesting that a variety of workplace conditions—restriction of opportunity to exercise self-direction, work overload, poor quality of interpersonal relations on the job, low opportunity for cooperative problemsolving, job insecurities, job loss, and low earnings—have emotional repercussions that have negative implications for f...
Update on the development of NRC-FCs1

The first observation of Ramsey fringes is reported for NRC-FCs1. Preliminary measurements of the atomic temperature, sensitivity on launch angle and stability of the error signal are also presented. Work is underway to increase the contrast of the Ramsey fringes and improve the signal to noise ratio by using the state selection cavity, completing the detection region, demagnetizing the shields, and decreasing the atomic temperature.
A Comparison of Four Velocity Bias Correction Techniques in Laser Doppler Velocimetry

Data from a two-component dual-beam laser-Doppler Velocimeter were used to evaluate four different velocity bias correction methods. The data were collected over a range of valid data rates from 100 Hz to 20 kHz at four flow locations in a shear layer. Turbulence intensities ranged from 15 to 100 percent. Flow statistics were calculated using these proposed velocity bias correction techniques. The results were compared to the unbiased values, which were obtained using an approximated equal-time sampling technique. Some of the correction schemes performed well at low turbulence levels, but became ineffective at high turbulence levels. One ad hoc empirical correction scheme showed relatively good results throughout
Interconnectedness in nursing: a concept analysis.

Aim: Interconnectedness will be clarified and defined by providing a description and context and take an important step toward increasing use in nursing literature and research. Background: The lit...
The Effect of Waves on the Oil Slick at a Retention Boom

In the previous paper on this subject it was found that the oil-water interface at the retention boom becomes unstable under certain conditions permitting an oil escape under the boom. In the absence of waves, the experimental results were in fair agreement with predictions; but, when the waves were present, the instability occurred much earlier than predicted. In this paper the behavior of waves is studied both analytically and experimentally. It is found that the waves consist of a combination of stationary and progressive waves which is confirmed by the experiment, but the oil thickness variation on waves if found from experiment to be much grater than predicted. With certain modifications to the theory, the predicted onset of instability falls closely to experimental value.
Deflating the big bang: fast and scalable deep packet inspection with extended finite automata

Deep packet inspection is playing an increasingly important role in the design of novel network services. Regular expressions are the language of choice for writing signatures, but standard DFA or NFA representations are unsuitable for high-speed environments, requiring too much memory, too much time, or too much per-flow state. DFAs are fast and can be readily combined, but doing so often leads to state-space explosion. NFAs, while small, require large per-flow state and are slow.We propose a solution that simultaneously addresses all these problems. We start with a first-principles characterization of state-space explosion and give conditions that eliminate it when satisfied. We show how auxiliary variables can be used to transform automata so that they satisfy these conditions, which we codify in a formal model that augments DFAs with auxiliary variables and simple instructions for manipulating them. Building on this model, we present techniques, inspired by principles used in compiler optimization, that systematically reduce runtime and per-flow state. In our experiments, signature sets from Snort and Cisco Systems achieve state-space reductions of over four orders of magnitude, per-flow state reductions of up to a factor of six, and runtimes that approach DFAs.
Phasic dimensional changes in the left ventricle.

AbstractThe following left ventricular (LV) dimensions were followed in 43 dogs during varying experimental conditions : circumference, opicardial segment lengths, myocardial longitudinal segment lengths in various orientations, internal length of the LV outflow tract, LV pressure, systemic arterial pressure.The data show that it was an asynchronous shortening of the LV inflow tract which raised LV pressure and elongated other dimensions during the isovolumic contraction phases of LV systole. During the isovolumic period the closed mitral valve must have been « tilted » toward the apex and the septum from a relatively fixed hinge point close to the root of the aorta. Changes of LV dimensions and pressures during the isovolumic phase must have been caused primarily by rapid shortening of papillary muscles and inner layers of LV wall. LV circumference and outflow tract length shortened during the ejection phase.The data suggest that the mechanical performance of the left ventricle is not so much determined ...
The Relationship Between White Nose Syndrome and Dietary PUFA Levels in Bats

Six bat species in northeastern North America spend winter hibernating in caves/mines. Hibernation is characterized by multi-day periods of torpor, when metabolic rates are reduced. Body fat levels increase from 7 to 27% in the fall, just prior to the onset of hibernation by bats. Some groups of hibernating bats in northeastern North America display abnormal behaviors and increased overwinter mortality called white nose syndrome (WNS). Large numbers of dead bats are found in hibernation sites affected by WNS. Previous research has demonstrated that the increased over-mortality is due to the depletion of depot fat reserves by February, which is in turn caused by greatly shortened torpor bouts. Published studies on hibernating mammals have revealed that moderately high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are required in the diet during the fall for torpor. We thus predicted that bats suffering from WNS have lower levels of PUFAs in their fall diets than those that do not suffer from WNS. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing white adipose tissue (WAT) samples from: (a) little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected from different hibernation sites and (b) big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), a species not greatly affected by WNS. Our analyses reveal that M. lucifugus populations prone to WNS have significantly less of the PUFA α-linolenic acid in their fall diets than those where WNS does not occur. The fall diets of E. fuscus contain significantly more of the PUFA linoleic acid than those of M. lucifugus from the same site. Our findings thus support the hypothesis that bats suffering from WNS have lower levels of PUFAs in their fall diets.
Diagnosis of Erectile Dysfunction

Spinal-cord injury (SCI) is usually associated with multiple-organ injuries, all of which must immediately be attended to upon institution of medical care. Total rehabilitation of the spinal-cord-injured patient is begun as soon as the acute process is stabilized. As part of any such program, sexual functionality must be explored to determine, among other things, whether erectile ability has been preserved. During the investigation, one should be aware that erectile fonction may be evolving just as would any other function that depends upon the integrity of the spinal cord. Significant recovery of erectile function may be observed within the first 12 mo and occasionally several months there after. In addition, since erection is in itself a multifactorial process, numerous factors besides the neurogenic component should be considered. A thorough knowledge of the various etiologies of impotency is necessary if one is to be accurate in pinpointing the exact mechanism of this dysfunction.
Abstract C09: Planning for the future: Reaching an inner city Mexican American population

Hispanics comprise 17% of the overall US population and 40% of the population in Texas. Approximately 90% of Hispanic Texans are of Mexican descent. This population presents unique challenges in access to health care and utilization of preventive screening. Although the internet has been rapidly integrated into education and outreach strategies for cancer prevention, its potential impact in reducing health disparities among Hispanics has not been evaluated. The few surveys conducted to date among Hispanics have focused on only those individuals who use the internet and were primarily done for marketing purposes. This study was conducted to identify differences between individuals who use internet compared to non-users in a large cohort of Mexican Americans residing in inner city neighborhoods (Houston, TX). Given that technology has evolved so quickly over the past decade, we limited our analyses to 1313 individuals enrolled in the past 2 years. In our population, most of the participants (58%, N=756) reported that they do not use the internet. Using multivariable logistic regression, we constructed the final model in a backwards, stepwise approach to determine factors associated with internet use. Compared to those who reported using the internet, non-users were significantly (P One of the most important findings from this study is that almost 60% of the Hispanics in this population do not use the internet; additionally, among individuals who use the internet, only 61% reported using any form of social media (Facebook, Google+, Twitter, myspace). These results suggest that the use of social media and internet would not be effective methods to reach this population and have an impact in reducing health disparities in an inner city minority population. Citation Format: Sara S. Strom, Yuko Yamamura. Planning for the future: Reaching an inner city Mexican American population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C09. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C09