cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power Multiplexing for Thermal Field Management in Many-Core Processors

This paper presents the effect of proactive spatiotemporal power multiplexing on the thermal field in many-core processors. Power multiplexing migrates the locations of active cores within a chip after each fixed time interval, referred to as the migration interval, to redistribute the generated heat and thereby reduce the peak temperature and spatial and temporal nonuniformity in the thermal field. Clock and supply gating is used to minimize the power of the deactivated cores. The control of the migration interval is studied considering a 256-core processor at the predictive 16-nm node to evaluate the conflicting impact of the migration interval on thermal field and system performance.
Regioselective synthesis of 3-deazacarbovir and its 3-deaza-adenosine analogues

Abstract We herein report the hitherto unknown synthesis of 3-deazacarbovir and its adenosine analogue. The major highlight in the synthesis of adenosine analogs is to use 6-N,N-diboc protected 3-deazapurines 9 and 11 for regioselective Mitsunobu coupling as well as unexplored palladium catalyzed coupling with these substrates. Synthesis of 3-deazacarbovir 1 has been accomplished by the regioselective palladium catalyzed coupling of 6-N,N-diphenylcarbamoyl protected 3-deazaguanine base 18 with dicarbonate 14. All the target nucleosides were screened for anti-HIV-1 activity and none of them have significant activity as well as toxicity up to 100 μM.
Variational calculations for the dt micro molecule including nuclear effects on sticking by means of the Bloch operator.

We investigate the effects of nuclear forces on the eigenvalues and sticking fractions of the ground and excited J=0 states of the dt\ensuremath{\mu} molecule using a variational R-matrix approach. The nuclear boundary condition is imposed on the entire variational wave function, rather than on the individual elements of the basis, by means of the Bloch operator. This formulation results in rigorously symmetric variational matrix elements and improved flexibility of the basis at small d-t separations. Our results for the fusion rates and initial sticking fractions are ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{f}}$=1.25\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{0}$=0.912% for the v=0 state and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{f}}$=1.05\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{0}$=0.912% for the v=1 state.
Electrical stimulation of neonatal cardiac myocytes activates the NFAT3 and GATA4 pathways and up-regulates the adenylosuccinate synthetase 1 gene.

Electrically stimulated pacing of cultured cardiomyocytes serves as an experimentally convenient and physiologically relevant in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy. Electrical pacing triggers a signaling cascade that results in the activation of the muscle-specific Adss1 gene and the repression of the nonmuscle Adss2 isoform. Activation of the Adss1 gene involves the calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of NFAT3, allowing its translocation to the nucleus, where it can directly participate inAdss1 gene activation. Mutational studies show that an NFAT binding site located in the Adss1 5′-flanking region is essential for this activation. Electrical pacing also results in the increased synthesis of GATA4, another critical cardiac transcription factor required for Adss1 gene expression. MEF2C also produces transactivation of the Adss1 gene reporter in control and paced cardiac myocytes. Using the Adss1 gene as a model, these studies are the first to demonstrate that electrical pacing activates the calcineurin/NFAT3 and GATA4 pathways as a means of regulating cardiac gene expression.
Arginine vasotocin (AVT) release in relation to uterine contractility in the hen.

The relationship between plasma levels of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and factors associated with increases in uterine contractility was studied in the domestic hen. Plasma AVT levels increased from 3.3 ± 0.3 μU/ml 15 min before a midsequence oviposition (OP) to 14.8 ± 0.6 μU/ml at OP and then decreased to 5.2 ± 0.6 μU/ml 15 min following OP. A ninefold increase in plasma AVT concentration was observed in hens laying a terminal egg of a sequence, which is not immediately followed by ovulation (OV). AVT levels also increased approximately 1 hr before the time of the first ovulation (C1OV) of the next sequence in association with an increase in uterine contractility. When OP was induced 2 hr before an expected OP by intrauterine administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α, 1.0 μg), plasma AVT levels immediately increased threefold (P < 0.001) and then returned to basal levels within 30 min. In PGF2α-treated hens AVT levels rose at the expected time of OP (P < 0.05) in association with an increase in uterine contractility without OP actually occurring. When C1OV was induced by LH-RH (25 μg, iv), a small but significant increase of AVT similar to levels during spontaneous C1OV was observed. These results suggest that (1) plasma AVT levels increase with every ovulation and oviposition in the absence of an egg in the uterus and (2) that AVT is released in association with induced ovulation and oviposition.
Alternate pathway of complement and bactericidal response of the channel catfish to Salmonella paratyphi

Abstract Fresh channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) serum from unimmunized catfish exhibited 100% bactericidal activity against Salmonella paratyphi . Components responsible for bactericidal activity could be absorbed from the fresh catfish serum with S . paratyphi . The bactericidal system of the fresh catfish serum showed a need for magnesium rather than for calcium after EDTA treatment. The addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classical pathway of complement activation to be important in bactericidal activity against S . paratyphi . Bactericidal activity of catfish serum was labile when incubated at 47°C for 30 min., stable for at least 4 mo. at −80°C and could be absorbed with S . paratyphi at 25°C. Very minimal bactericidal activity was present in the descending portion of the first 13.7S peak with most activity being found in the descending portion of the second 7.1S peak and throughout the entire 3.4S peak after Sephadex G-200 catfish serum fractionation.
Immunonutrition: the role of ω-3 fatty acids☆

The dietary fatty acids of the ω-3 series are rapidly incorporated into cell membranes and profoundly influence biological responses. These lipids influence membrane stability, membrane fluidity, cell mobility, the formation of receptors, binding of ligands to their receptors, activation of intracellular signaling pathways either directly or through the formation of eicosanoids, gene expression, and cell differentiation. In general, eicosanoids formed from the ω-3 fatty acids are much less potent in causing biological responses than those formed from the ω-6 fatty acids, including stimulation of cytokine production and inflammatory responses. In well-controlled clinical studies, consumption of ω-3 fatty acids has resulted in reduction of cardiovascular diseases including arrhythmias and hypertension, protection from renal disease, improvement in rheumatoid arthritis, improvement in inflammatory bowel diseases, reduced episodes of rejection, and protection from infection. The interactions between the ω-3 fatty acids and pharmacologic drugs that alter intracellular signaling pathways are only now being studied.
Dynamic pitch-up of a delta wing

The transient flowfield over a delta wing during pitch-up motions to very large angles of attack was investigated. Emphasis was directed at the growth and the eventual breakdown of the leading-edge vortices. Delta wing models were tested in a wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of order 10 5 . The flowfield along the trailing edge was mapped out via a seven-hole probe designed, constructed, and calibrated to general time-resolved information. Instantaneous surface pressure measurements were also obtained. Earlier qualitative evidence of hysteresis in the development of the flow was confirmed. Moreover, the present data indicate significant differences of vorticity content between the steady and the steady motions, for reduced frequencies as low as 0.01
Hyperviscosity syndrome with IgM monoclonal gammopathy and hepatic plasmacytoid lymphosarcoma in a cat

A 19-month-old cat investigated because of depression, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia was found to have hepatomegaly, retinal haemorrhages, and distended tortuous retinal veins. Prolonged bleeding occurred after venipuncture, and serum was hyperviscous due to an immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy. Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were prolonged, thrombin clotting time was only slightly prolonged and the activities of coagulation factors VII, VIII and IX were normal. The cat died suddenly before the origin of the immunoglobulin could be determined. Hepatic plasmacytoid lymphosarcoma was found at post-mortem examination. The pathophysiology of hyperviscosity syndrome is discussed and the observations in this cat are compared with those reported in the dog.
Laser communications for unmanned aircraft systems using differential GPS and IMU data

Free space laser communications provides wide bandwidth and high security capabilities to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in order to successfully accomplish Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) missions. A practical implementation of a laser-based video communications payload flown by a small UAS aircraft is described as a proof-of-concept. The two-axis gimbal pointing control algorithm calculates the line-of-sight vector in real-time by using differential GPS and IMU information gathered from the UAS vehicle's autopilot so that the laser transmitter in the airborne payload can accurately track a ground-based photodiode array receiver with a known GPS location. One of the future goals of the project is to move from UAS-to-ground communications to UAS-to-UAS free space laser communications.
Analysis of air pollution patterns in New York City—I. Can one station represent the large metropolitan area?

Abstract Results of our analyses on the New York City Aerometric Network data show that the procedure of using one aerometric station to represent the daily fluctuations of air pollution throughout the large metropolitan area of New York City risks the use of an unreliable or invalid measure of the short term variation in air pollution.
Stroke and neurodegenerative disorders: 2. Poststroke medical complications.

Objective This self-directed learning module highlights common poststroke medical complaints encountered on an inpatient rehabilitation unit. It is part of the study guide on stroke and neurodegenerative disorders in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on the differential diagnosis, evaluation and management of chest pain, mental status changes, weight loss and poor motivation in stroke patients. The goal of this article is to expand the learner's knowledge of how to diagnose and manage common medical complications of stroke patients in rehabilitation.
Effect of temperature on electron transport activities of glutaraldehyde-fixed pea thylakoids

Temperature-induced changes in Hill activity of glutaraldehyde-fixed pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) thylakoids have been examined. Using ferricyanide as electron acceptor, a temperature-induced change occurred at ca 12–14°C for both control and fixed thylakoids. In contrast to the controls, fixed thylakoids not only showed a change in slope of the Arrhenius plots but also a discontinuity which has not been observed in previous studies. A drop in activity coincided with the decrease in slope: the extent of the reduction depended on the concentration of glutaraldehyde used for fixation. Using a lipophilic electron acceptor, a temperature-induced change also occurred at 12–14°C, but there was no reduction in activities of fixed thylakoids at temperatures above the change in slope. The results indicate that a temperature-induced change in fixed thylakoids restricts the access of ferricyanide to its reductant(s) in the membrane but that fixation does not affect the temperature-induced change per se. The results confirm that temperature has a general effect on the functioning of thylakoid membranes. The data demonstrate that calculations of the extent of inhibition by glutaraldehyde of Hill activity with ferricyanide should take into account the temperature at which assays are performed.
Closed-form analytical results for condition-based maintenance

Abstract Preventive maintenance is applied to improve the device availability or decrease the repair costs when the device failures are in deterioration (or aging) phase. Preventive maintenance can be made more efficient by periodic monitoring wherein the state of deterioration can be assessed. This leads to the notion of condition-based maintenance. In this paper, we study the condition-based maintenance, and derive closed-form expressions of system availability when the device undergoes both deterioration as well as Poisson type failures. These closed-form solutions enable us to find faster algorithms to determine the optimal inspection policy.
Effects of water-level fluctuations on the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Typha latifolia L.

Abstract Flooding has been described as one of the primary factors affecting arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in wetlands. We investigated the effect of water-level fluctuations on AM colonization of Typha latifolia L. using an experimental wetland in southeastern Idaho, USA that received intermittent flows. Unlike previous research that has examined the effect of flooding on AM fungi using topographic gradients, we replicated flooding in time by sampling across multiple flooding events. AM colonization of T. latifolia occurred during flooded and unflooded periods, but was markedly reduced at drawdown. Both hyphal ( R = 0.74, P = 0.015) and arbuscular ( R = 0.67, P = 0.033) colonization were positively correlated with the length of the unflooded period. Taken together, the length of the unflooded period and soil moisture explained 83% of the variation in mean hyphal colonization ( R 2 = 0.83, P = 0.001). Overall, the results of this investigation show that drawdown represents a period of reduced AM colonization in T. latifolia .
Systematics in the Knight shift of rare-earth monopnictides

The Knight shifts at nonmagnetic sites in the rare-earth group-$\mathrm{V}A$ intermetallic compounds have been analyzed systematically in terms of two major contributions: (i) A largely temperature- dependent part, ${K}_{f}$ due to localized $4f$ electrons and (ii) a temperature-independent part, ${K}_{0}$ due to $s$-like electrons. It is shown that while ${K}_{0}$ is relatively constant with changing rare-earth constituent of the compound, it depends sensitively on the atomic number, $A$, of the group-$\mathrm{V}A$ element. In all the compounds studied, ${K}_{0}$ of a nonmagnetic ion varies approximately as ${A}^{\frac{5}{4}}$. This power law is shown to be largely due to the orthogonalization of the conduction electrons to the occupied core orbitals of the nonmagnetic ion. The available data on Knight shifts in transition and actinide-metal compounds fail to exhibit similar systematics.
Berkeley MHAD: A comprehensive Multimodal Human Action Database

Over the years, a large number of methods have been proposed to analyze human pose and motion information from images, videos, and recently from depth data. Most methods, however, have been evaluated on datasets that were too specific to each application, limited to a particular modality, and more importantly, captured under unknown conditions. To address these issues, we introduce the Berkeley Multimodal Human Action Database (MHAD) consisting of temporally synchronized and geometrically calibrated data from an optical motion capture system, multi-baseline stereo cameras from multiple views, depth sensors, accelerometers and microphones. This controlled multimodal dataset provides researchers an inclusive testbed to develop and benchmark new algorithms across multiple modalities under known capture conditions in various research domains. To demonstrate possible use of MHAD for action recognition, we compare results using the popular Bag-of-Words algorithm adapted to each modality independently with the results of various combinations of modalities using the Multiple Kernel Learning. Our comparative results show that multimodal analysis of human motion yields better action recognition rates than unimodal analysis.
Reduction of vascular disease in genetically obese rats treated for hypertension and hyperlipidemia

Abstract Recently we described a new strain of genetically obese rat which exhibits endogenous hyperlipidemia and spontaneous hypertension, has a short life span and frequently develops premature vascular disease of atherosclerotic type. In the present study treatment with antihypertensive drugs, which rendered the animals normotensive but did not affect the hyperlipidemia, reduced the incidence of vascular disease and caused moderate prolongation of life span. When the rats were treated with antihypertensive drugs and at the same time maintained on a low calorie diet which alleviated the hyperlipidemia, the result was complete elimination of vascular disease and increase in longevity to that of a normal rat. These findings in an experimental animal model provide support for the view that prophylactic management of high blood pressure and of hyperlipidemia would reduce the frequency of atherosclerosis in man.
Steady-State and Oscillating Photosynthesis by a Starchless Mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris.

The photosynthetic characteristics of wild type Nicotiana sylvestris (Speg. et Comes) were compared with those of a `starch-less9 mutant NS458 that contains a defective plastid phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.1.5.1) (KR Hanson, NA McHale [1988] Plant Physiol 88: 838-844). The steady-state rate of net CO 2 assimilation ( A ) was studied as a function of [CO 2 ], [O 2 ], irradiance, and temperature. At 30°C with saturating light and [CO 2 ] and low [O 2 ], A for the mutant was half that for the wild type, whereas in normal air it was 90%. The irradiance and [CO 2 ] at low [O 2 ] required for saturation were lower than the values for the wild type. At 2000 microbars CO 2 , 30°C, and saturating irradiance A for both the mutant and wild type was stimulated on going from 4 to 25% O 2 by at least 13%. Slow oscillations in A were readily induced with the mutant but not the wild type, provided irradiance and [CO 2 ] were saturating and [O 2 ] was low. The period, which was about 5 minutes at 30°C and decreased by about 0.67 minutes per degree, was an order of magnitude slower than periods reported for other plants at corresponding temperatures. To achieve the full oscillation amplitude both irradiance and [CO 2 ] had to exceed the minimal levels for steady-state saturation. The slowness and duration of the oscillations and the metabolic simplification introduced by deleting starch synthesis makes the mutant especially suitable for investigating the regulatory processes that generate such oscillations.
Evidence that RNA polymerase II and not TFIIB is responsible for the difference in transcription initiation patterns between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The basal eukaryotic transcription machinery for protein coding genes is highly conserved from unicellular yeast to higher eukaryotes. Whereas TATA-containing promoters in human cells usually contain a single transcription start site (TSS) located ∼ 30 bp downstream of the TATA element, transcription in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically initiates at multiple sites within a window ranging from 30 to 70 bp or 40 to 200 bp downstream of a TATA element, respectively. By exchanging highly purified factors between reconstituted S. pombe and S. cerevisiae transcription systems, we confirmed previous observations that the dual exchange of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) confer the distinct initiation patterns between these yeast species. Surprisingly, however, further genetic and biochemical assays of TFIIB chimeras revealed that TFIIB and the proposed B-finger/reader domain do not play a role in determining the distinct initiation patterns between S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, but rather, these patterns are solely due to differences in RNAPII. These results are discussed within the context of a proposed model for the mechanistic coupling of the efficiency of early phosphodiester bond formation during productive TSS utilization and intrinsic elongation proficiency.
Development of Hierarchical Methodology for Benefit Evaluation of Vehicle-Highway Automation: Case Study of the Houston Katy Freeway

A hierarchical methodology used to design and benefit the evaluation of vehicle-highway automation systems at various levels of granularity is described. In this hierarchy, detailed microsimulation and experimental data and performance measures feed into consecutively higher, system-level analyses. Ultimately, top-level estimates of system benefits are provided to transportation decision makers. The method is designed to accommodate studies of autonomous vehicle control concepts such as the safety services under consideration as advanced vehicle control and safety system (AVCSS) intelligent transportation system services, some of which have been discussed as U.S. Department of Transportation Intelligent Vehicle Initiative services; it will also accommodate studies of the fully automated highway systems. The method is illustrated with a multifaceted set of studies of the relationship between the degree of automated vehicle-highway cooperation and system performance improvement on the Houston, Texas, Metrop...
Antigen presentation in the CNS by myeloid dendritic cells drives progression of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Chronic progression of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is dependent on the activation of T cells to endogenous myelin epitopes, that is, epitope spreading. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the process of epitope spreading. Surprisingly, activation of naive T cells to endogenous myelin epitopes in SJL mice undergoing R-EAE occurs directly in the central nervous system (CNS), a site generally perceived to be immunologically privileged. Determination of the antigen presentation capacity of antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations purified from the CNS of mice with established R-EAE shows that peripherally derived CD11b(+)CD11c(+)CD45(hi) myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) most efficiently present endogenous myelin antigens to activate both preactivated effector myelin-specific T cells and naive T cells. The mDCs, which drive epitope spreading, preferentially polarize pathogenic Th17 responses correlating with their enhanced expression of TGF-beta1, IL-6, and IL-23. Both B220(+)CD11c(+) plasmacytoid (pDCs) and CD8alpha(+)CD11c(+) (CD8 DCs) were superior to CD11b(+)CD11c(-)CD45(hi) macrophages, but less efficient than mDCs at presenting endogenous peptide to induce Th17 cells. In contrast, CNS-resident CD11b(+)CD11c(-)CD45(low) microglia purified from the inflamed CNS were found to be largely incapable of activating either naive or effector T cells.
Philippine migration: internal movements and emigration to the United States.

The purpose of this article is to present a summary and overview of three major Philippine population movements: namely the two internal movements of (1) urbanization and (2) the southern migration to Mindanao; and (3) the emigration to the United States which has increased sizably since the 1965 amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act. (excerpt)
Cell generation, death, and retinal growth in the development of the hamster retinal ganglion cell layer

During the early postnatal period in the hamster, the retinal ganglion cell layer grows, establishes its central connections, and undergoes substantial cell loss. In this study, we describe the development of the retinal ganglion cell layer with particular attention to the creation of local specializations in cell density. Changes in the number and spatial distribution of cells identified by a single 3H thymidine injection were examined through the period of maximal cell loss (postnatal days 4-10) and at adulthood. The cells of the retinal ganglion cell layer are generated from embryonic day 10 to postnatal day 3. Overall, cell number in the ganglion cell layer increases by approximately 108,000 cells (223%) from postnatal day 1 to 5, because of continued migration of cells generated prenatally. Cell number decreases from postnatal day 5 to 10 (25%), coincident with the presence of degenerating cells. Cell type is correlated with day of generation: the largest cells, all having retinal ganglion cell morphology, are generated on embryonic days 10 and 11; intermediate-sized cells predominantly of ganglion cell morphology on embryonic day 12; and smaller cells of displaced amacrine or glial cell morphology thereafter. At adulthood, the hamster retina shows a streaklike elevation of cell density through central retina. However, at the time of maximal cell number (postnatal day 51, cell density is uniform across the retina. During the period of cell degeneration, cells are lost in greater relative numbers from the retinal periphery. This cell loss occurs principally from the first-generated cells (embryonic days 10 and ll), as shown by both changes in the distribution of labeled cells and by the spatial pattern of labeled degenerating cells. From postnatal day 10 to adulthood, relative cell density continues to decline in the periphery of the retina, thus suggesting that differential growth completes the production of the adult cell density distribution.
Comparison of the 5.8S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer regions of trichomonadid protozoa recovered from the bovine preputial cavity.

Sequence analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITSRs) was used to compare trichomonadid protozoa (n 5 39) of varying morphologies isolated from the bovine preputial cavity. A multiple sequence alignment was performed with bovine isolate sequences and other tri- chomonadid protozoa sequences available in GenBank. As a group, Tritrichomonas foetus isolates (n 5 7) had nearly complete homology. A similarity matrix showed low homology between the T. foetus isolates and other trichomonads recovered from cattle (,70%). Two clusters of trichomonads other than T. foetus were identified. Eighteen isolates comprised 1 group. These isolates shared .99% homology among themselves and with Pen- tatrichomonas hominis. The other non-T. foetus cluster (n 5 14) did not exhibit a high degree of homology (,87%) with other bovine isolates or any of the trichomonad sequences available in GenBank. The sequence homology among isolates in that cluster was .99%, except for 1 isolate that varied from the others in both ITSRs (;2% dissimilarity). Sequence analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and ITSRs was useful for comparing trichomonadid protozoa isolated from the bovine preputial cavity and demonstrated that 2 distinct types of trichomonads constituted the non-T. foetus isolates recovered from the bovine preputial cavity. Bovine venereal trichomoniasis (BVT) is an eco- nomically important reproductive disease of cattle caused by Tritrichomonas foetus. 8 The usual clinical presentation is decreased herd fertility resulting from early fetal death. Occasionally, late-term abortion and pyometra also occur. The most common route of in- fection is venereal transmission from asymptomatical- ly infected bulls colonized by T. foetus in preputial epithelial crypts. Infected cows generally clear infec- tion within 5 months after exposure. Older bulls often become permanent carriers. Because there is no ap- proved treatment for BVT in the United States, control efforts are specifically directed at identifying and re- moving infected bulls from the herd. Isolating T. foetus from the preputial cavity is the main method used to identify infected bulls. Identifi- cation of T. foetus isolates is predominately based on morphologic criteria. Tritrichomonas foetus has 3 an- terior flagella and a spindle-to-pear shaped, 10-25- mm-long by 3-15-mm-wide body. An undulating mem- brane is present along the entire length of the body and ends with a single posterior flagellum that is equal in length to the anterior flagella. 9 Trichomonads other than T. foetus, probably of intestinal origin, can be isolated from the bovine preputial cavity and may con-
TRANSLOCATION STUDIES WITH ENDOTHAL‐14C IN POTAMOGETON NODOSUS POIR.

Summary. Plants of Potamogeton nodosus, a submersed aquatic, were treated with the di-sodium salt of 7-oxabicyclo(2,2,l)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid-14C (endothal-14C). Gross radioautographs showed that the 14C label moved from mature photosynthesizing leaves and accumulated in the apices and developing secondary plants. Similar results were obtained with mid-leaf, stem (internode) and winter-bud applications. No move-ment of radioactivity occurred following root treatment. The results indicate symplastic translocation of endothal-14C when applied to the leaf, stem or winter bud. It is suggested that endothal can cause the death of plants by direct injury to root tissues subsequent to absorption. Recherches sur la migration de l'endothal-14C dans le Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Resume. Des plantes de Potamogeton nodosus, espece aquatique ubmergee, ont ete traitees avec le sel disodique le l'acide-14C 7-oxabicyclo 2,2,1 heptane-2,3-dicarboxylique (endothal-14C). Des autoradiographics sommaires montrerent que le 14C marque se deplacait depuis les feuilles mures en etat de photosynthese ets'accumulait dans les apex et les tiges secondaires en developpement. Des resultats analogues furent obtenus avec des applications sur des feuilles moyennes, sur les internoeuds des tiges et sur les bourgeons d'hiver. Il ne fut pas decele de mouve-ment de radioactivityea la suite du traitement des racines. Les resultats montrent qu'il y a une migration symplastique de l'endothal-14C quand il est applique sur les feuilles, les tiges ou les bourgeons d'hiver. Il est suggere que l'endothal peut provoquer la mort des plantes par degâts directs sur le tissu des racines, a la suite de l'absorption. Zusammenfassung. Pflanzen von Potamogeton nodosus, einer submersen Wasserpflanze, wurden mit dem Natriumsalz von 7-Oxabicyclo-2,2,l-heptan-2,3-dicarbonsaure-14C (Endothal-14C) behandelt. Radioautographien zeigten, dass dieses 14C aus reifen photosynthetisierenden Blattern transportiert und in den Apices sowie in sich entwickelnden Sekundarpflanzen akkumuliert wurde. Ahnliche Ergebnisse wurden bei Mittelblattern, Sprossen (Internodien) und Winterknospen erzielt. Kein Transport von Radioaktivitat war nach Wurzelbehandlung festzustellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass symplastische Translokation von Endothal-14C erfolgt, wenn die Applikation an Blatt, Spross oder Winterknospe erfolgt. Es wird vermutet, dass Endothal-14C den Tod der Pflanzen durch direkte Verletzung des Wurzelgewebes nach der Absorption hervorrufen kann.
Thixotropic Viscoelastic Systems

An attempt is made to explain the thixotropic behavior of certain fibers when they are stretched by postulating a number of potential energy surfaces which may govern the nature of the viscous flow within the fiber. On the basis of these energy surfaces, equations are obtained relating rate of elongation and applied stress, and these equations are integrated numerically to give a relation ship between applied stress and actual elongation. The energy surface giving results which ap proach the results of actual experiment is a simple modification of the surface which Eyring used to explain shear flow in viscous materials [3].
New trends and novel treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma: a global perspective.

Disclosures: Andrew X. Zhu: Consultant/advisory role: Onyx, ImClone, Novartis, Bayer; research funding/contracted research: Bayer; Bruce A. Chabner: Employment/leadership position: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard; Consultant/advisory role: Sanofi, Redwood, Allergan, Epizyme, PharmaMar, GlaxoSmithKline (pending); Honoraria: Eli Lilly; Research funding/contracted research: U.S. Government; Ownership interest: PharmaMar, Gilead, Merck, Epizyme, Human Genome Sciences, Curis, Onyx, Rigel, Bristol-Myers; Kenneth K. Tanabe: Consultant/advisory role: LEK Consulting, Morningside Technology, LLC, Best Doctors, N-of-One; Honoraria: UpToDate Current Medicine Group, LLC, Springer, American Cancer Society, Sanofi Aventis, Institute for Medical Education and Research; Research funding/contracted research: AstraZeneca; Patents: 1 patent and 1 patent application at Massachusetts General Hospital, both on measurement of risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. The content of this article has been reviewed by independent peer reviewers to ensure that it is balanced, objective, and free from commercial bias. No financial relationships relevant to the content of this article have been disclosed by the independent peer reviewers.
Generating Referring Quantified Expressions

In this paper, we describe how quantifiers can be generated in a text generation system. By taking advantage of discourse and ontological information, quantified expressions can replace entities in a text, making the text more fluent and concise. In addition to avoiding ambiguities between distributive and collective readings in universal quantification generation, we will also show how different scope orderings between universal and existential quantifiers will result in different quantified expressions in our algorithm.
Age as a risk factor

The risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is generally dependent on the presence or absence of traditional risk factors. Age is a well-known traditional risk factor, generally considered nonmodifiable. This review discusses the common use of individual age in prediction of CVD incidence using different risk scores, whether or not age as a risk factor can be modified, the methods used to evaluate long-term and short-term CVD risk, appropriate communication of individual risk based on age group and CVD risk, and the influence of age on cardiac and vascular risk factors.
Value-at-Risk in IT Services Contracts

As information systems (IS) and technology solutions become increasingly service-driven, managers are faced with the task of choosing parameters such as service-levels, pricing, and contract duration. Information technology (IT) services vendors manage portfolios of contracts in which parameters, decided at inception, are often subject to future risks. The contract profit maximization decision may adversely affect the risk position of the firm's portfolio of services contracts. We propose a model to inform vendors on setting optimal parameters for IS contracts subject to acceptable levels of risk. The analytic model presented draws from IS economics research and the principles of value-at-risk (VaR) from financial economics. We provide examples which illustrate the trade-offs of profit maximizing contractual decisions to portfolio profit-at-risk (PaR). The contribution of this research is the application of VaR analysis to IS contractual decisions and the conceptualization of an economic model of IS service contracts which embeds value-at-risk constraints
Autoamputation of the fifth digit: ainhum (dactylolysis spontanea)

Ainhum (dactylolysis spontanea) is an idiopathic condition that involves a ‘band-like’ soft tissue constriction of a digit.1 This pathology often presents bilaterally with the greatest prevalence on the fifth digit.1 Dark-skinned individuals of African, Asian, West Indian, North, South and Central American decent have been found to present with ainhum.1 Clinical diagnosis includes at least one of the three following criteria: soft tissue constriction, bulbous enlargement of the toes and thinning or lysis of phalangeal …
The pathophysiology of large capacity bladder.

Purpose: We describe the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and urodynamic findings in patients with a large capacity bladder.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of 100 consecutive patients with voiding dysfunction and a cystometric bladder capacity of greater than 700 ml. Clinical data, cystometric bladder capacity and other urodynamic findings were evaluated. Bladder outlet obstruction and impaired detrusor contractility were defined by the Schaefer nomogram in men and the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram in women.Results: A total of 56 men and 44 women 36 to 97 years old (median age 75, mean 71.2) with a bladder capacity of 700 to 5,013 ml (median 931, mean 1,091) were studied. The primary pathophysiological diagnoses were bladder outlet obstruction in 48% of cases, impaired detrusor contractility in 11%, absent detrusor contractility in 24% and normal detrusor pressure/uroflow study in 17%. Bladder outlet obstruction was attributable to anatomical obstruction in 34% of pat...
A Second PDZ-Containing Serine Protease Contributes to Activation of the Sporulation Transcription Factor σK in Bacillus subtilis

Gene expression late during the process of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is governed by a multistep, signal transduction pathway involving the transcription factor sigma(K), which is derived by regulated proteolysis from the inactive proprotein pro-sigma(K). Processing of pro-sigma(K) is triggered by a signaling protein known as SpoIVB, a serine protease that contains a region with similarity to the PDZ family of protein-protein interaction domains. Here we report the discovery of a second PDZ-containing serine protease called CtpB that contributes to the activation of the pro-sigma(K) processing pathway. CtpB is a sporulation-specific, carboxyl-terminal processing protease and shares several features with SpoIVB. We propose that CtpB acts to fine-tune the regulation of pro-sigma(K) processing, and we discuss possible models by which CtpB influences the sigma(K) activation pathway.
Does Coordinated Institutional Investor Activism Reverse the Fortunes of Underperforming Firms

We investigate the impact of Focus Listing by the Council of Institutional Investors on targeting poorly performing firms. Post-listing stock returns for the targeted firms differ insignificantly from those of a suitable benchmark group. Institutional investors increase their holdings of targeted firms, but not by more than those of the benchmark firms. Similarly, though analysts revise earnings forecasts up for Focus Listed firms, they do so well after the listing event and positive revisions are no greater than the benchmark group. Moreover, there appears to be little difference between Focus List and benchmark firms in the incidence of post-listing events such as mergers and stock repurchases. Overall, we find very little evidence of the efficacy of shareholder activism. List of underperforming firms. The CII is an organization of over 120 public and private pension funds. The total assets of its member funds exceed $1 trillion. The objective of the organization is to encourage member funds, as major shareholders, to take an active role in protecting plan assets. The CII's Focus List encourages members to direct their activism toward the boards of directors and managers of listed firms for the purpose of inducing them to make changes necessary to improve firm performance. By targeting selected firms for the collective attention of member funds, the list could enhance the effectiveness of their shareholder activism efforts. Our study examines the effectiveness of the coordinated shareholder activism produced by the CII Focus List.
Priority inversion with fungible resources

Priority inversion occurs when the execution of a task is unnecessarily delayed by the dispatch of a lower priority task. This anomaly can result in failure if it causes the delay of hard real-time tasks. Priority inheritance protocols have been developed to limit priority inversions during competition over shared resources. Such methods are designed for individually identifiable resource units. Other approaches are indicated when shared resources contain interchangeable resource units. Current practices with resource deadlock, a scheduling anomaly that has many characteristics in common with priority inversion, provide insight into the control of priority inversion with these fungible resources.
Two Currents in Contemporary English Political Theory.

There is widespread discontent today with the state of English political theory. This does not seem to have been so a generation ago. In 1915, Ernest Barker certainly revealed uneasiness about some intellectual tendencies of the time, but his overriding belief was that the new psychology and the new awareness of the personality of groups within society would enrich thinking in the long run.' Ten years later, Lewis Rockow was distinctly optimistic at the end of his Contemporary English Politicat Thought. Having surveyed the first quarter of this century, he was impressed by "the richness of the contemporary mind" and the boldness of its political speculation.2 How different is the selfjudgment of our own day. "In the present generation," declared Professor Catlin in 1952, "England is in a poorer way as a fount of political ideas than she has been for centuries."I There were only a few men-Laski, Barker, Oakeshott, E. H. Carr-whom he would put in a high category, while apart from them he went on to say, "a drear darkness has fallen on British political theory which was so bright." A little later, and speaking of the world in general rather than of England alone, Professor Cobban lamented "a general tendency to cease thinking about society in terms of political theory."4 He could find no original thought since the eighteenth century and concluded that the idea of democracy had become a mere shibboleth-and not even a serviceable one, since all camps used it. He felt that the study of politics had taken a wrong turn, being corrupted by a neglect of the moral element, by an indifference to the practical problems besetting men, and by a deep pessimism about the possibility of resolving the dilemma between "moral man and immoral society." Eric Voegelin seems at first to strike a more cheerful note when he speaks of "the revival, not to say the outburst, of political philosophy at Oxford in recent years," but his article' is critical of some of its tendencies and even goes so far at one point as to refer to its "distressing state." It would perhaps be unfruitful to enter into a debate over the truth or falsity of the opinions just quoted, or to inquire how far they are shared by others than their authors. Such judgments are almost impossible to prove or to dis-
Transcription initiation by mix and match elements: flexibility for polymerase binding to bacterial promoters

Bacterial RNA polymerase is composed of a core of subunits (beta, beta', alpha1, alpha2, omega), which have RNA synthesizing activity, and a specificity factor (sigma), which identifies the start of transcription by recognizing and binding to sequences elements within promoter DNA. Four core promoter consensus sequences, the -10 element, the extended -10 (TGn) element, the -35 element, and the UP elements, have been known for many years; the importance of a nontemplate G at position -5 has been recognized more recently. However, the functions of these elements are not the same. The AT-rich UP elements, the -35 elements ((-35)TTGACA(-30)), and the extended -10 ((-15)TGn(-13)) are recognized as double stranded binding elements, whereas the -5 nontemplate G is recognized in the context of single-stranded DNA at the transcription bubble. Furthermore, the -10 element ((-12)TATAAT(-7)) is recognized as both double strand DNA for the T:A bp at position -12 and as nontemplate, single-strand DNA from positions -11 to -7. The single-strand sequences at positions -11 to -7 as well as the -5 contribute to later steps in transcription initiation that involve isomerization of polymerase and separation of the promoter DNA around the transcription start site. Recent work has demonstrated that the double strand elements may be used in various combinations to yield an effective promoter. Thus, while some minimal number of contacts is required for promoter function, polymerase allows the elements to be mixed and matched. Interestingly, which particular elements are used does not appear to fundamentally alter the transcription bubble generated in the stable complex. In this review, we discuss the multiple steps involved in forming a transcriptionally competent polymerase/promoter complex, and we examine what is known about polymerase recognition of core promoter elements. We suggest that considering promoter elements according to their involvement in early (polymerase binding) or later (polymerase isomerization) steps in transcription initiation rather than simply from their match to conventional promoter consensus sequences is a more instructive form of promoter classification.
Abstract 2347: Multiplexed quantitative assessment and prognostic value of TIL subtypes in non-small cell lung cancer

Background: The presence of high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with favorable outcome in diverse human neoplasms including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies suggest that different TIL subtypes have distinct biological roles in cancer progression and their contribution to prognosis remains unclear. Here, we simultaneously quantified TIL subtypes using 2 different automated, objective methods in human NSCLC and determined their association with tumor characteristics and outcome. Methods: Using a sequential multiplexed immunofluorescence staining protocol with tyramide signal amplification and heat-inactivation steps, we simultaneously visualized all cell nuclei (DAPI), epithelial cells (Cytokeratin AE1/AE3, Dako), T helper cells (CD4-368, Leica), Cytotoxic T cells (CD8, C8/144B, Dako), B-lymphocytes (CD20, L26, Leica) and Regulatory T cells [Tregs], (Foxp3, D608R, CST) in 202 stages I-IV NSCLC represented in tissue microarray format. The preparations were digitalized and the number of each TIL subpopulation was counted using multispectral fluorescence analysis and a trainable tissue/cell image segmentation algorithm with the inForm software (PerkinElmer). Markers were also measured using the AQUA method of quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). Results: NSCLC samples show a highly variable TIL content ranging from 0 to 2717 lymphocytes per tumor histospot. The median TIL content was 23.9 T-helper cells, 55.8 Cytotoxic T cells, 59.7 B-lymphocytes and 6.1 Tregs. Although the amount of CD4+, CD8+ and CD20+ cells was comparable between the histological NSCLC subtypes, the average number of Tregs (CD4+/Foxp3+ cells) was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (10.4 and 4.9 cells per histospot, respectively, P = 0.03). Increased numbers of CD8+ or CD20+ TILs were significantly associated with longer overall survival (log-rank P Conclusions: This strategy allows simultaneous and objective quantification of diverse TIL subpopulations in lung tumor samples. Our results indicate that increased Cytotoxic T cells and B-lymphocytes, but not T helper cells or Tregs have prognostic value in NSCLC. Accurate quantification of TIL subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment could be useful to predict response and study the local effects of novel anti-cancer immunostimulatory therapies. Citation Format: Kurt A. Schalper, Cliff Hoyt, Chichung Wang, David Rimm. Multiplexed quantitative assessment and prognostic value of TIL subtypes in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2347. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2347