cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of ultrasound-guided axillary fine-needle aspiration in the management of invasive breast cancer.

Abstract Background Previous studies from Women & Infants’ Hospital have reported the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy examination of axillary lymph nodes (USFNAB) for locally advanced breast cancer. The aim of this article is to report our further experience with USFNAB in staging the axilla and determining its affect on management decisions. Methods We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data between January 1998 and June 2005. Results A total of 220 patients underwent USFNAB for breast cancer. Of these, 52 were excluded. Of the 168 remaining patients, 79 had positive and 89 had negative USFNAB results. A total of 107 (63%) patients underwent primary surgery and 61 (37%) patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In these patients, the sensitivity and specificity of USFNAB was 35% and 96% for T1, and 67% and 100% for T2, respectively. Conclusions The high specificity of USFNAB could safely eliminate sentinel lymph node biopsy examination before axillary lymph node dissection, particularly in T2 lesions.
Optimal sensor placement for underwater threat detection

The optimization framework for optimal sensor placement for underwater threat detection has been developed. It considers single-period and multiperiod detection models, each of which includes two components: detection algorithm and optimization problem for sensor placement. The detection algorithms for single-period and multiperiod models are based on likelihood ratio and sequential testing, respectively. For the both models, the optimization problems use the principle of superadditive coverage, which is closely related to energy-based and information-based approaches. An algorithm for quasi-regular sensor placement approximating solutions to the optimization problems has been developed based on corresponding continuous relaxations and a criterion for its applicability has been obtained. Numerical experiments have demonstrated that the algorithm consistently outperforms existing optimization techniques for optimal sensor placement.© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
A MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF SPECIAL GROUPS OF THE WATER MOLDS II. LEPTOMITACEAE AND PYTHIOMORPHACEAE

I. Plant filamentous throughout, mycelium flaccid . . . 2 2. Zodsporangia cylindrical . . 3 3. Zo6sporangia formed directly from the terminal segment or from successive subterminal segments; zo6spores diplanetic LEPTOMITUS L. lacteus 3. Zo6sporangia terminal or in whorls below the segments of the hyphae SAPROMYCES 4. Antheridia of androgynous origin S. androgynous 4. Antheridia on long winding branches not associated with the o6gonia S. Reinschii 2. Zo6sporangia pyriform to oval APODACHLYA 3. Oogonial wall punctate . A. punctata 3. Oogonial wall not punctate . 4 4. Segments 50-IOO,U long, cylindrical A. brachynema 4. Segments IOO-200,/ long, cylindrical A. pirifera I. Plant with greatly enlarged basal portion with filamentous branches ... 2 2. Fertile branches umbellately branched; exospore of mature oospore formed of a single layer of cells ARAIOSPORA 3. Spines on the spined sporangia arranged in one or two rows around the place of exit of the zoospores ...... A. pulchra 3. Spines on the spined sporangia appearing over the entire surface of the sporangium A. spinosa 2. Fertile branches simple, sympodially branched; exospore of the mature oospore having an areolate appearance, not cellular.. RHIPIDIUM 3. Pseudo-cell dichotomously branched, antheridia of androgynous origin R. americanum 3. Pseudo-cell elongate with or without apical expansion into lobes. Antheridia of diclinous origin . 4 4. Sporangia and oogonia arranged in umbels on short subglobose branches R. parthenosporum [The Journal for June (14: 287-333) was issued July 7, 1927.]
Reconsidering a Typology of Incentives Among Campaign Activists: A Research Note

C LARK and Wilson (1961) distinguished among three types of incentives which organizations offer their members: "material" incentives, tangible rewards translatable into monetary terms; "solidary" incentives, intangible rewards that result from the very act of associating; and "purposive" incentives, intangible rewards that pertain to the stated ends of association rather than to association per se. This typology has informed numerous analyses of various types of political activists, including party leaders and activists (Costantini and King 1984), campaign contributors (Hedges 1984), delegates to presidential nominating conventions (Kirkpatrick 1976; Roback 1980), and local ward leaders (Hofstetter 1973). Unfortunately, there are numerous differences among these studies in operationalizations of the Clark-Wilson categories. For example, although most researchers classify the desire to enhance one's political career as a material motivation, Brown, Hedges, and Powell (1980) consider it solidary; moreover, others (e.g., Kirkpatrick 1976; Semel 1978; Costantini and King 1984) have used Clark and Wilson's original distinctions as a springboard for more complex typologies of their own. Nonetheless, certain general patterns of motivation can be discerned. For example, Hedges (1984), Roback (1980), and Kirkpatrick (1976) all found that purposive, "good-citizen" motivations were more widespread than any other motivation among campaign contributors and presidential convention delegates; by contrast, material reasons for involvement appear to be rather uncommon among political activists (Hedges 1984; Kirkpatrick 1976). While these studies have helped clarify why people become involved in political activity, very little is known about their motivations for active involvement in the campaign of a particular candidate a question to which the Clark-Wilson typology can be, but has not yet been, applied. That is the purpose of the present study, which extends the Clark-Wilson typology to a new setting: a set of gubernatorial primary campaigns. The research site is Kentucky, a factionalized one-party state. The general expectation underlying the research is that the incentive mix motivating the
Jacques Ellul's Contributions to Critical Media Theory

… Day after day the wind blows away the pages of our calendars, our newspapers, and our political regimes, and we glide along the stream of time without any spiritual framework, without a memory, without a judgment, carried about by “all winds of doctrine” on the current of history, which is always slipping into a perpetual past. Now we ought to react vigorously against this slackness—this tendency to drift. If we are to live in this world we need to know it far more profoundly; we need to rediscover the meaning of events, and the spiritual framework which our contemporaries have lost. —Jacques Ellul, The Presence of the Kingdom (p. 138)
Investigation of source-detector separation optimization for an implantable perfusion and oxygenation sensor for liver blood vessels

An implanted system is being developed to monitor transplanted liver health during the critical 7-10 day period posttransplantation. The unit will monitor organ perfusion and oxygen consumption using optically-based probes placed on both the inflow and outflow blood vessels, and on the liver parenchymal surface. Sensing probes are based on a 3- wavelength LED source and a photodiode detector. Sample diffuse reflectance is measured at 735, 805, and 940 nm. To ascertain optimal source-to-photodetector spacing for perfusion measurement in blood vessels, an ex vivo study was conducted. In this work, a dye mixture simulating 80% blood oxygen saturation was developed and perfused through excised porcine arteries while collecting data for various preset probe source-to-photodetector spacings. The results from this study demonstrate a decrease in the optical signal with decreasing LED drive current and a reduction in perfusion index signal with increasing probe spacing. They also reveal a 2- to 4-mm optimal range for blood vessel perfusion probe source-to-photodetector spacing that allows for sufficient perfusion signal modulation depth with maximized signal to noise ratio (SNR). These findings are currently being applied to guide electronic configuration and probe placement for in vivo liver perfusion porcine model studies.
Dense bodies of the contractile system of cardiac muscle in Venus mercenaria

Dense bodies in the heart muscle of Venus mercenaria exist in two forms, free and attached. Free dense bodies morphologically consist of fascicles of thin filaments in parallel array and bound together by a dense, amorphous proteinaceous material. The binding of dense bodies to the cell membrane is effected via connecting filaments of the amorphous material of the dense body which join a condensation of morphologically similar material attached to the inner osmiophilic layer of the unit membrane. This composite of dense body, connecting filaments, membrane condensation and unit cell membrane has been termed collectively the attachment plaque. The attachment plaque is part of an extensive network on the cell surface which obligates that surface to a role in the contractile process. Moreover, this set of attachment plaques imposes an organization and an orientation to most thin filaments of the cell and preserves the contractile axis of the cell.
Issues in the aggregation and spatial analysis of neighborhood crime

Prior studies of neighborhood crime have largely overlooked a border issue in the aggregation of criminal incidents to small areal units and a denominator problem arising from the use of population to normalize crime counts and have failed to discern racial disparities in crime victimization due to the use of non-race-specific crime data. This article explores the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and robbery victimization by applying an improved method for neighborhood crime aggregation and normalization to race-disaggregated incident data. Results suggest that controlling for above issues helps better explain the spatial variations of robbery victimization across urban neighborhoods. The methods and findings have implications for improving the measurement accuracy of neighborhood crime and disentangling the effects of race and other socioeconomic factors on urban crime.
Metachronous cancers or late recurrences after resection of stage I lung cancer

In 2 patients with stage I lung cancer, tumors recurred at their resection lines 10 years after the original surgical resections. These cases suggest that the prognosis of late cancer occurrences after resected primary lung malignancies might be related to the interval of time between primary and subsequent cancers rather than to their categorization as recurrent or metachronous cancers.
Compressed sensing phase transitions: Rigorous bounds versus replica predictions

In recent work, two different methods have been used to characterize the fundamental limits of compressed sensing. On the one hand are rigorous bounds based on information-theoretic arguments or the analysis of specific algorithms. On the other hand are exact but heuristic predictions made using the replica method from statistical physics. In this paper, it is shown that, for certain problem settings, these bounds are in agreement, and thus provide a rigorous and accurate characterization of the compressed sensing problem. This characterization shows that the limits of sparse recovery can be quantified succinctly in terms of an effective signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, that depends on the number of measurements and the behavior of the sparse components themselves. Connections with the MMSE dimension by Wu and Verdu and minimax behavior of approximate message passing by Donoho et al. are discussed.
Cultured Aedes albopictus mosquito cells synthesize hormone-inducible proteins

To provide a framework for biochemical investigation of ecdysteroid action inAedes albopictus mosquito cells, we examined the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on cell growth and morphology, synthesis of inducible proteins (EIPs), and expression of a transfected gene regulated by a synthetic ecdysteroid response element. When cells were cultured in the continuous presence of 10−6M 20- hydroxyecdysone, the rate of growth decreased and subtle changes in cell morphology were observed. In bothAedes aegypti andA. albopictus cells, synthesis of a small number of radiolabeled proteins, which appeared as minor bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, was induced by treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone. On two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels, 11 EIPs, ranging in size from approximately 22 to 52 kDa, were identified inA. albopictus C7-10 cells. Ten inducible proteins were localized in the cytoplasmic fraction; EIP28 and EIP31 were detected in both cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts, and EIP29 was detected only in the nucleus, at a very low level. None of these proteins corresponded to small heat shock proteins, whose genes are 20-hydroxyecdysone-inducible in someDrosophila cell lines. The juvenile hormone analog, methoprene, induced expression of a 25 kDa protein in C7-10 cells. Although 20-hydroxyecdysone sustained the synthesis of this methoprene-inducible protein, synthesis did not occur in the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone alone. In transfectedA. albopictus cells, expression of a recombinant DNA construct containing two tandem synthetic ecdysteroid regulatory elements based on aD. melanogaster small heat shock protein gene was modestly induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone.
Separated Flow Transition on an LP Turbine Blade With Pulsed Flow Control

Flow measurements were made on a highly loaded low pressure turbine blade in a low-speed linear cascade facility. The blade has a design Zweifel coefficient of 1.34 with a peak pressure coefficient near 47% axial chord (mid-loaded). Flow and surface pressure data were taken for Rec = 20,000 with 3% inlet freestream turbulence. For these operating conditions, a large separation bubble forms over the downstream portion of the blade suction surface, extending from 59% to 86% axial chord. A Single-element hotfilm measurements were acquired to clearly identify the role of boundary layer transition in this separated region. Higher-order turbulence statistics were used to identify transition and separation zones. Similar measurements were also made in the presence of unsteady forcing using pulsed vortex generator jets just upstream of the separation bubble (50% cx ). Measurements provide a comprehensive picture of the interaction of boundary layer transition and separation in this unsteady environment. Similarities between pulsed flow control and unsteady wake motion are highlighted.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Adults: Case Series and Review of the Literature

Necrotizing enterocolitis in adults is a rare disease and, in the past, has been associated with nearly uniform mortality. In recent years, necrotizing enterocolitis, now termed neutropenic enterocolitis, in adults has become more prevalent as a complication of aggressive systemic chemotherapy. In this report, we discuss two cases of neutropenic enterocolitis secondary to the administration of systemic chemotherapy in adult cancer patients: one with lung carcinoma, the other with leukemia. Both patients were successfully treated with early surgical intervention for resection of all necrotizing enteric lesions, and subsequent aggressive critical care support. Our experience suggests that early surgical intervention in adult patients with intestinal necrosis due to chemotherapy is essential to avoid mortality from this condition. Given the widespread, aggressive use of systemic chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, patients at risk for this potentially lethal complication of neutropenic enterocolitis are increasingly common.
The synthesis of SFs-epoxides

Abstract The epoxidation of two fluorinated pentafluorothio olefins, F5SCHCF2 and F5SCFCF2, was achieved by treatment with NaOCl under phase transfer catalytic conditions at lowered temperatures. Some reactions were run and it was found that in anionic reactions loss of the SF5 group generally occurred.
Single-manufacturer, multi-retailer consignment policy for retailers’ generalized demand distributions

Consignment policy (CP) is a novel approach to the inventory management in supply chains. It is based on strong interaction and reliable collaboration between vendor(s) and buyer(s), which is acquiring growing importance in today's industrial reality. Unlike most literature focusing on single-vendor single-buyer models and deterministic customer demand, a single-manufacturer (vendor) multi-retailer (buyer) generic model is developed under stochastic customer demand in this study. In order to understand the potential benefits of CP, it is compared with a traditional policy (TP) model developed in the similar approach. The models are tested with two scenarios of uniform and exponential demand distributions of the retailers. The results show how CP works better than the traditional uncoordinated optimization. It not only helps the manufacturer to generate higher profit, but also coordinates retailers to achieve a higher supply chain profit. At the same time, each retailer earns at least as much as they do in TP. Further price discount sensitivity analysis demonstrates the efficiency of CP when facing price-demand fluctuation.
Volume and enthalpy changes in the early steps of bacteriorhodopsin photocycle studied by time-resolved photoacoustics

We have studied the photoinduced volume changes, energetics, and kinetics in the early steps of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle with pulsed, time-resolved photoacoustics. Our data show that there are two volume changes. The fast volume change ( L step is 49 +/- 6 kJ/mol, but the enthalpy change is small, -4 +/- 10 kJ/mol. On the time scale we studied, the primary photochemical kinetics, enthalpy, and volume changes are not affected by substituting the solvent D2O for H2O. Comparing data on monomeric and aggregated BR, we conclude that the functional unit for the photocycle is the BR monomer, because both the kinetics (rate constant and activation energy) and the enthalpy changes are independent of its aggregation state.
It takes three to tango: 1. Simulating buoyancy‐driven flow in the presence of large viscosity contrasts

[1] Buoyancy-driven flow is of fundamental importance for numerous geodynamic phenomena. Since the equations of motion governing multiphase flow are rarely amenable to analytical solutions, numerical simulations provide a compelling alternative. They offer the ability to carefully analyze flow phenomena under differing regimes, initial conditions, and flow dynamics. The three key challenges in these computations are (1) the accurate solution of the equations of motion in the presence of large viscosity contrasts, (2) the representation of strongly deforming interfaces between different fluids, and (3) the accurate coupling of fluid and interface solver. In three dimensions, these challenges become even more intricate, and the appropriate choice of numerical scheme has a profound influence on the tractability, accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the computational simulation. This is the first paper of two that examine numerical simulations of buoyancy-driven flow in the presence of large viscosity contrasts. In this paper, we present our numerical approach which tackles the above three main challenges through a combination of three numerical methods, namely, (1) an extended ghost fluid type discretization which we developed specifically for the Stokes regime, (2) the level set method, and (3) the extension velocity technique. We find that all three components are crucial to obtain a versatile numerical tool for simulating complex structures in evolving flow. We validate our code by reproducing four benchmark problems in two and three dimensions. We devote special attention to comparing our method to other existing techniques, detailing the advantages of this approach. Finally, we highlight several types of geophysical flow problems for which we believe our method to be well suited.
Calculation of the equilibrium compositions for multi-constituent systems

Abstract A new method involving systematic trial and error for the calculation of the equilibrium compositions for multi-constituent systems is proposed. The necessary equations can be set up easily for very rapid calculation on a digital computer. The method is illustrated by calculating the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon.
SHARP control: controlled shared cache management in chip multiprocessors

Shared resources in a chip multiprocessors (CMPs) pose unique challenges to the seamless adoption of CMPs in virtualization environments and high performance computing systems. While sharing resources like on-chip last level cache is generally beneficial due to increased resource utilization, lack of control over management of these resources can lead to loss of determinism, faded performance isolation, and an overall lack of the notion of Quality of Service (QoS) provided to individual applications. This has direct ramifications on adhering to service level agreements in environments involving consolidation of multiple heterogeneous workloads. Although providing QoS in presence of shared resources has been addressed in the literature, it has been commonly observed that reservation of resources for QoS leads to under-utilization of resources. This paper proposes the use of formal control theory for dynamically partitioning the shared last level cache in CMPs by optimizing the last level cache space utilization among multiple concurrently executing applications with well defined service level objectives. The advantage of using formal feedback control lies in the theoretical guarantee we can provide about maximizing the utilization of the cache space in a fair manner. Using feedback control, we demonstrate that our fair speedup improvement scheme regulates cache allocation to applications dynamically such that we achieve a high fair speedup (global performance fairness metric). We also propose an adaptive, feedback control based cache partitioning scheme that achieves service differentiation among various applications with minimal impact on the fair speedup. Extensive simulations using a full system simulator with accurate timing models and a set of diverse multiprogrammed workloads show that our fair speedup improvement scheme achieves 21.9% improvement on the fair speedup metric across various benchmarks and our service differentiation scheme achieves well regulated service differentiation.
Axiomatic Design of Automobile Suspension and Steering Systems: Proposal for a Novel Six-Bar Suspension

The existing vehicle designs exhibit a high level of coupling. For instance the coupling in the suspension and steering systems manifests itself through the change in wheel alignment parameters (WAP) due to suspension travel. This change in the WAP causes directional instability and tire-wear. The approach of the industry to solve this problem has been twofold. The first approach has been optimization of suspension link lengths to reduce the change in WAP to zero. Since this is not possible with the existing architecture, the solution used is the optimization of the spring stiffness K to get a compromise solution for comfort (which requires significant suspension travel and hence a soft spring) and directional stability (which demands least possible change in wheel alignment parameters and hence a stiff spring). This paper presents an axiomatic design solution to this problem and an attempt to remove the coupling in the steering and suspension systems by making the WAP independent of suspension travel. The four-bar linkages used in the existing independent suspension systems are incapable of satisfying their FRs and cause coupling at a higher level. The proposed solution uses a six-bar Watt-I linkage suspension, which removes the coupling. It offers other advantages like the hardening characteristics for the suspension. A new steering system conformal to the new suspension system has been proposed. FR/DP decomposition of the vehicle systems is presented. This indicates other couplings and DP redundancies in the vehicle system and also provides the framework for design of novel vehicles.
Promoting Good Health in Adolescents with Disabilities

The recent attempts to implement the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act underscore the necessity for promoting good health in adolescents with disabilities. This article addresses the reasons why this concern has not been recognized and explores the concepts of good health, habilitation, and the effects of assistance in encouraging independence for youths with developmental disabilities. The article discusses how mobility, education, family adjustment, social relationships and sexuality, and emotional adjustment to adolescence influence health adjustment. Social work implications suggest a holistic approach emphasizing the concepts of youth and family empowerment and quality of life as the key professional endeavors in practice with youths with disabilities.
Dynamical models and the phase ordering kinetics of the s = 1 spinor condensate

The s=1 spinor Bose condensate at zero temperature supports ferromagnetic and polar phases that combine magnetic and superfluid ordering. We investigate the formation of magnetic domains at finite temperature and magnetic field in two dimensions in an optical trap. We study the general ground state phase diagram of a spin-1 system and focus on a phase that has a magnetic Ising order parameter and numerically determine the nature of the finite-temperature superfluid and magnetic phase transitions. We then study three different dynamical models: model A, which has no conserved quantities, model F, which has a conserved second-sound mode, and the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, which has a conserved density and magnetization. We find the dynamic critical exponent to be the same for models A and F (z=2) but different for GP (z{approx_equal}3). Externally imposed magnetization conservation in models A and F yields the value z{approx_equal}3, which demonstrates that the only conserved density relevant to domain formation is the magnetization density.
Chemosensory cues affect amygdaloid neurogenesis and alter behaviors in the socially monogamous prairie vole.

The current study examined the effects of pheromonal exposure on adult neurogenesis and revealed the role of the olfactory pathways on adult neurogenesis and behavior in the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Subjects were injected with a cell proliferation marker [5-bromo-2 0 -deoxyuridine (BrdU)] and then exposed to their own soiled bedding or bedding soiled by a same- or opposite-sex conspecific. Exposure to opposite-sex bedding increased BrdU labeling in the amygdala (AMY), but not the dentate gyrus (DG), of female, but not male, voles, indicating a sex-, stimulus-, and brain region-specific effect. The removal of the main olfactory bulbs or lesioning of the vomeronasal organ (VNOX) in females reduced BrdU labeling in the AMY and DG, and inhibited the male bedding-induced BrdU labeling in the AMY, revealing the importance of an intact olfactory pathway for amygdaloid neurogenesis. VNOX increased anxiety-like behavior and altered social preference, but it did not affect social recognition memory in female voles. VNOX also reduced the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells that co-expressed the neuronal marker TuJ1 in the AMY, but not the DG. Together, our data indicate the importance of the olfactory pathway in mediating brain plasticity in the limbic system as well as its role in behavior.
Effect of Calcination Temperature and Environment on Photocatalytic and Mechanical Properties of Ultrathin Sol–Gel Titanium Dioxide Films

Effects of calcination environment (air and nitrogen) and temperature (400°-1000°C) on the structure, optical, photocatalytic, and mechanical properties of ultrathin sol-gel titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) films were studied. X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis of the films have shown preferred rutile formation at high calcination temperatures and low oxygen pressures. Films calcined under nitrogen flow were optically absorbing and contained significant amounts of carbon due to the carbonization of the organic precursor, which also resulted in a porous structure. Although photocatalytic activity of the films calcined in different atmospheres showed similar temperature dependencies, nitrogen-calcined films performed better at high calcination temperatures and showed improved visible light activity. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of films calcined in air were superior to those calcined under nitrogen.
Inhibitory effect of glucose and phosphate on the second cleavage division of hamster embryos: is it linked to metabolism?

Hamster embryos cannot complete the second cleavage division in vitro in the presence of glucose and inorganic phosphate (Glu/Pi). Embryos can recover from an 8 h (12:30-20:30 h) exposure to Glu/Pi, although cleavage is retarded by 10 h and continued development to the blastocyst stage is rare (2%). The vulnerability of 2-cell embryos to Glu/Pi changes during the cell cycle, being greatest just prior to cleavage which occurs at -21:00 h: exposure to Glu/Pi from 12:30-14:30 h allowed 94% development to morulae/blastocysts while exposure from 18:30-20:30 h decreased morula/blastocyst development to 48%. This inhibitory effect is also modulated by the length of exposure and energy substrate composition of the culture medium. It is unclear how Glu/Pi interferes with cleavage, but a metabolic explanation is likely because (i) metabolic Inhibitors L-glyceraldehyde, iodoacetate and cystamine exacerbated the effect and (ii) the organization of active mitochondria observed with Rhodamine 123 and confocal microscopy is disturbed by Glu/Pi.
ChemInk: a natural real-time recognition system for chemical drawings

We describe a new sketch recognition framework for chemical structure drawings that combines multiple levels of visual features using a jointly trained conditional random field. This joint model of appearance at different levels of detail makes our framework less sensitive to noise and drawing variations, improving accuracy and robustness. In addition, we present a novel learning-based approach to corner detection that achieves nearly perfect accuracy in our domain. The result is a recognizer that is better able to handle the wide range of drawing styles found in messy freehand sketches. Our system handles both graphics and text, producing a complete molecular structure as output. It works in real time, providing visual feedback about the recognition progress. On a dataset of chemical drawings our system achieved an accuracy rate of 97.4%, an improvement over the best reported results in literature. A preliminary user study also showed that participants were on average over twice as fast using our sketch-based system compared to ChemDraw, a popular CAD-based tool for authoring chemical diagrams. This was the case even though most of the users had years of experience using ChemDraw and little or no experience using Tablet PCs.
Alarm Calls Affect Foraging Behavior in Eastern Chipmunks (Tamias striatus, Rodentia: Sciuridae)

We used playback experiments to test whether alarm calls affected the foraging behavior of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). We subjected chipmunks, foraging at artificial feeding stations, to three playback treatments (silent, control noise, and alarm call) and examined changes in vigilant and foraging behavior. Chipmunks responded to alarm calls with a greater degree and duration of vigilant behavior, such as look-ups and alert postures. Chipmunks also ran a shorter distance to cover and took longer to re-emerge from the burrow after hearing an alarm call. Alarm calls caused individuals to spend more time exposed at the feeding stations; however, individuals also took significantly fewer seeds after hearing an alarm call. This was not due to a difference in the time spent handling food, but rather to a slower rate of loading. Chipmunks appear to sacrifice energy gain by increasing vigilance after hearing an alarm call. This study suggests that to avoid the costs of unnecessary escape behavior, individuals directly assess their own risk rather than relying only on indirect cues such as alarm calls.
Evaluation of Drug Interaction Software to Identify Alerts for Transplant Medications

BACKGROUND:The ability of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems to identify clinically significant drug interactions is dependent upon the integrity of the drug information populating the software. A CPOE system with incomplete or inaccurate drug information will fail to identify clinically important drug interactions and, therefore, fail to reduce preventable adverse drug events (pADEs).OBJECTIVE:To evaluate, from the prescribers' perspective, the ability of a common drug interaction database to identify clinically important drug interactions involving drugs used in transplantation.METHODS:The clinical significance of drug interactions involving 5 transplant drugs was evaluated by an expert panel to determine whether alerts should be generated for physicians not involved in the transplant at the time of order entry. Drug interactions included in the analysis were generated from the expert panel, a common drug interaction database, and 2 standard drug interaction references. Responses on the c...
Nitric oxide synthase in models of focal ischemia

Background and Purpose Cessation of blood flow to the brain, for even a few minutes, sets in motion a potential reversible cascade of events resulting in neuronal cell death. Oxygen free radicals and oxidants appear to play an important role in central nervous system injury after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Recently, divergent roles for the newly identified neuronal messenger molecule and oxygen radical, nitric oxide (NO), have been identified in various models of cerebral ischemia. Because of the chemical and physical properties of NO, the numerous physiological activities it mediates, and the lack of specific agents to modulate the activity of the different isoforms of NO synthase (NOS), reports regarding the role of NO in focal cerebral ischemia have been confounding and often conflicting. Recent advances in pharmacology and the development of transgenic knockout mice specific for the different isoforms of NOS have advanced our knowledge and clarified the role of NO in cerebral ischemia. Methods...
Cooperation due to cultural norms, not individual reputation.

a b s t r a c t Increased cooperation in groups that are allowed to communicate (engage in "cheap talk") has been attributed to reputation-building and to cultural norms or culturally normal behavior. We tested these two theories by exposing groups of undergraduates to a public-goods social dilemma. Five groups were permitted to communicate via anonymous written messages that were read aloud. The groups with messaging contributed substantially more to the common good than the groups without messaging. Because the messages were anonymous, their efficacy cannot be explained by effects on reputation. Instead, the results point to the participants' histories of giving and receiving exhortations to cooperate - i.e., to culturally normal behavior (cultural norms).
Limitation Riders and Congressional Influence over Bureaucratic Policy Decisions

Modern legislatures delegate policy-making authority to the bureaucracy because bureaucrats possess greater capacity to engineer solutions to complex policy problems than lawmakers (Bawn 1995; Epstein and O’Halloran 1999; Huber and Shipan 2002). Scholarship on the lawmaking system in the United States emphasizes that such delegation creates problems for the U.S. Congress when it comes to maintaining control over public policy. In particular, when an agency creates a policy that is different from what a majority of lawmakers in Congress intended when delegating authority, antimajoritarian rules in the U.S. Constitution, as well as antimajoritarian congressional procedures, usually make it impossible for congressional majorities to force agencies to alter the policy (Ferejohn and Shipan 1990; McCubbins, Noll, and Weingast 1989). Therefore, Congress is viewed as potentially sacrificing influence over policy to the executive branch in exchange for technical expertise. Of course, members of Congress pursue strategies to limit the loss of control over policy. Through oversight (Aberbach 1990), the limitation of discretion (Huber and Shipan 2002), and the design of the circumstances under which bureaucrats make policy decisions (McCubbins, Noll, and Weingast 1987; Moe 1989)— especially when there is policy disagreement between Congress and the president (Epstein and O’Halloran 1999; Lewis 2003; Wood and Bohte 2004)— lawmak
Erpodium domingense (Erpodiaceae), New to Florida

Abstract. Erpodium domingense is reported for the first time from Miami, Florida. In the United States, this tropical American species was previously known from only two localities in southern Texas.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of a third ventricular colloid cyst.

A 48-year-old man with no psychiatric history presented with memory disturbances, personality changes, emotional lability and mild paranoia with no evident mood disturbances. A colloid cyst of the third ventricle was discovered and surgically excised. Language: en
The Extracellular Matrix: An Overview

The extracellular matrix encompasses the very large number of constituent macromolecules that are synthesized and secreted by cells into the space surrounding them, followed in most cases by further assembly, cross-linking, and/or polymerization of the secreted proteins to form an organized structure. The extracellular matrix has a number of critical roles in tissue and organ development, function, and repair after injury. In addition, there are numerous serious and debilitating genetic diseases whose bases lie in mutations in genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. There are also acquired diseases, such as scurvy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer, that can be caused by damage to or are influenced by changes in the organization or integrity of the extracellular matrix. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the extracellular matrix by discussing the different classes of extracellular matrix molecules and presenting a subset of individual extracellular matrix proteins from each class in greater detail in order to demonstrate their importance.
Politics of visibility: competing for legitimacy in North Carolina fisheries governance

In the collaborative natural resource governance literature, stakeholder participation is most often treated as instrumental to the normative legitimacy and, thus, effectiveness of the environmental state. This study adds a perspective of stakeholder legitimacy as the outcome of competition among groups with differential power operating under the influence of powerful systemic forces. Stakeholders with differential capacities engage in a politics of visibility to determine what is and is not made transparent. What remains invisible is the result of privileged accounts, supported by broader societal values regarding economic development. The research for this paper stems from ethnographic field work of a campaign by conservation and recreational fishing interests to ban the use of commercial gill nets in North Carolina. Conservation and recreational fishing interests gained a greater degree of legitimacy in fishery decision making processes by utilizing a politics of visibility that reinforced destructive patterns of environmental rights and resource use.
Comment: Environmental Ethics and Public Policy

A view from deep inside the trenches of environmental policy formation leads me to conclude that, ironically, despite the failure of environmental ethics to penetrate public policy discourses, ethical analyses of environmental problems still appear to be more than ever vitally crucial to improving environmental decision making.
THE STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE OF CAPITAL

In his influential article “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research,” published in 1969, Johan Galtung put forth a concept of structural violence to begin a conversation about the way in which violence can be perpetrated not only by agents, but also by non-subjective, social structures. Rather than thinking of violence purely in terms of subject-centered models, Galtung put forth a persuasive case for calling the suffering and harm perpetuated by social structures itself a form of “violence,” even if such violence tends to be psychological rather than somatic, invisible rather than visible, and unable to be localized in a clear subject-object relationship. In this paper I analyze a subset of violent social structures that constitute what I call the structural violence of capital. I explain why I think an analysis of the structural violence of capital is so necessary today. In Part One of this paper I will explain why I think a concept of structural violence can be useful for revitalizing a robust critique of capitalism in contemporary political theory. I will do so by considering the relation between critique and the dynamic of capitalism. Making use of Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello’s important work on this issue in their book, The New Spirit of Capitalism, I will argue that the dominant emphasis in contemporary political theory on theorizing politics as autonomous from the economy has become neutralized as a critique of contemporary neoliberalism. In Part Two I will argue that a critique of the structural violence of capital can be useful for revitalizing critiques of capitalism in Political Theory in light of the neutralization of radical democratic and traditional normative critiques of capitalism.
Identification of Trihydroxy-Octadecenoates Derived from UV Irradiated or Autoxidized Sesame Oil and Methyl Linoleate and Mechanism of Their Formation

Four trihy droxy-octadecenoates (T) were separated from sesame oil (SO) and methyl linoleate (ML) subjected to UV irradiation or oxygen bubbling by column and thin-layer chromatography. From the results of IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis, two out of the four were identified as methyl 9, 10, 13-trihydroxy-11 (trans) -octadecenoates. The remainder methyl 9, 12, 13-trihydroxy-14 (trans) -octadecenoates (in the case of SO, after methylation), and the two compounds in each group were estimated to be stereoisomeric one another. In addition, the mechanism of their formation was clarified using ML and it proved that T were produced from ML through such intermediates as methyl linoleate hydroperoxides (H) and methyl hydroperoxy-epoxy-octadecenoates (E). T was quite stable against UV light and prolonged autoxidation.
The Price of Belonging to the Volk: Volksdeutsche, Land Redistribution and Aryanization in the Serbian Banat, 1941–4:

Between 1941 and 1944, the Serbian Banat was occupied by Reich German forces but administered by its Volksdeutsche (ethnic German) minority. The Banat Volksdeutsche existed in a precarious balance between the Third Reich's racial policy and their new position as masters of their home region, with the power to rule as well as abuse other Banat ethnic groups. The precariousness of their position was especially apparent with relation to the material perks and privileges they received at the Third Reich’s behest, specifically easy access to Aryanized property and to land expropriated from the Banat Serbs. Not only did these privileges help turn other Banat ethnicities against the Volksdeutsche, they also drew the Volksdeutsche ever deeper into complicity with the Third Reich. The Banat Volksdeutsche paid dearly for material privileges and a modicum of power, as they came to owe the Third Reich loyalty, food deliveries, administrative and security service and, finally, armed service in the Waffen-SS.
Immune intervention for type 1 diabetes, 2013-2014.

This article of the yearbook of Advanced Technology and Treatments in Diabetes reviews several clinical studies that have appeared between July 2013 and August 2014 in the area of immune intervention in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The first article discussed is the first results from the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR), a much anticipated primary prevention trial. Hydrolyzed infant formula and early β-cell autoimmunity: a randomized clinical trial Knip M1, Akerblom HK1, Becker D2, Dosch HM3, Dupre J4, Fraser W5, Howard N6, Ilonen J7, Krischer JP8, Kordonouri O9, Lawson ML10, Palmer JP11, Savilahti E1, Vaarala O12, Virtanen SM12; TRIGR Study Group 1University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 2University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; 3University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 4University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; 5University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 6Children's Hospital of Westmead, Sydney, Australia; 7University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 8University of South Florida, Tampa; 9Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Germany; 10Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 11University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and 12National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland JAMA 2014; 311: 2279–87 Background Short duration of breast-feeding and/or early exposure to complex dietary proteins have been implicated as potential risk factors for β-cell autoimmunity and T1D. Extensively hydrolyzed formulas do not contain intact proteins. The Trial to test Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) Study was designed to test the hypothesis that weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula decreases the cumulative incidence of T1D in young children. Presentation of clinical T1D by age 10 years is the primary outcome of TRIGR, while positivity for 2 or more diabetes-associated autoantibodies by age 6 years is a secondary outcome, presented in this article.
Lithium Ionic Conductivity of Some Lithium Iodoles

The search for lithium ion conductors in crystalline or polycrystalline solid state ionic materials has resulted in finding a new class of compounds. Five new, stable, homogeneous compounds formed in the lithium alcohol systems, LiI-(ROH)x for R=CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CHOHCH3, and CH3OH have been identified and characterized.
Resistance of Dent Corn Inbreds to Larvae of the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Six recently released dent inbreds of corn, Zea mays L., with resistance to ear damage by corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae were evaluated in the field and laboratory to determine mechanisms ofresistance. ‘GT117’ and ‘GT118’ were tolerant to corn earworm based on ear damage in the field and negligible biological effects on larvae that were fed fresh silks, silk diets, or both, in the laboratory. ‘GT114’ was susceptible to corn earworm in the field but highly antibiotic when larvae were fed silks in the laboratory. Development time to pupation for larvae that were fed silk diets of ‘GT114’ was more than twice that required for larvae that were fed check diets. Weight of pupae for larvae fed silk diets of ‘GT114’ was significantly less than for larvae that fed on any of the other entries, including the resistant check ‘Zapalote Chico’. ‘CT115’ possessed resistance to ear damage in the field as well as antibiosis in the silks in laboratory bioassays. ‘GT114’ will require additional breeding for husk characters to make the antibiotic silks effective against ear damage by larvae of the corn earworm in the field.
Veritas—an electronic educational game

Veritas is an electronic educational game which could also be inexpensively developed for use by the blind. Simple but effective electronics have been used to keep the cost of manufacture low. Veritas covers the age groups of 5–9, 10–13 and 14–16 by using different question packs. It is easy to use, is colour codecl for use by young children and could be used in primary schools as a teaching aid.