cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Appropriate use of antibiotics for common infections in an era of increasing resistance.

In many respects, antibiotics have changed medicine forever. Countless lives have been enhanced and saved with antibiotic use. Unfortunately, the medical community has opened Pandora's box through the casual distribution of outpatient antibiotics. Society will indeed suffer, as well as the medical profession, if antibiotics are not used judiciously. To date, the rate of penicillin resistance has steadily risen in North America and in many other areas of the world. Much of the increase in resistance has been caused by the distribution of antibiotics for viral infections (e.g., bronchitis, colds, or purulent nasal discharge) as well as nonstreptococcal throat infections. Parental pressure for physicians to prescribe antibiotics also has contributed to the rise in antibiotic resistance. The authors have discussed many common pediatric ED infections and have illustrated the key points for making the diagnosis of each. In addition, the authors also recommend the appropriate choice of antibiotics for each disease process, with an emphasis on narrow-spectrum, first-line antimicrobials. Physicians, as the "holders of the prescription pad," should be aware of the problems with increasing bacterial resistance especially ED practitioners who work on the front line. In addition, families and patients should be educated about the harm of inappropriate antibiotic use. The AAP publishes pamphlets for parents that discuss these issues. It is believed, as was seen in Finland and Japan, that judicious use of antibiotics leads to a decrease in resistant bacteria and prolong antibiotic usefulness. This is an issue of great importance to the long-term health of patients. What Benjamin Rush stated in 1789 is true today: "Do not condemn, or oppose, unnecessarily, the simple, prescriptions of your patients. Yield to them in matters of little consequence but maintain an inflexible authority over matters that are essential to life."
Growth of calcium-blind mutants of Yersinia pestis at 37°C in permissive Ca2+-deficient environments.

Cells of wild-type Yersinia pestis exhibit a low-calcium response (LCR) defined as bacteriostasis with expression of a pCD-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) during cultivation at 37 °C without added Ca2+ versus vegetative growth with downregulation of the T3SS with Ca2+ (≥2.5 mM). Bacteriostasis is known to reflect cumulative toxicity of Na+, l-glutamic acid and culture pH; control of these variables enables full-scale growth (‘rescue’) in the absence of Ca2+. Several T3SS regulatory proteins modulate the LCR, because their absence promotes a Ca2+-blind phenotype in which growth at 37 °C ceases and the T3SS is constitutive even with added Ca2+. This study analysed the connection between the LCR and Ca2+ by determining the response of selected Ca2+-blind mutants grown in Ca2+-deficient rescue media containing Na+ plus l-glutamate (pH 5.5), where the T3SS is not expressed, l-glutamate alone (pH 6.5), where l-aspartate is fully catabolized, and Na+ alone (pH 9.0), where the electrogenic sodium pump NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase becomes activated. All three conditions supported essentially full-scale Ca2+-independent growth at 37 °C of wild-type Y. pestis as well as lcrG and yopN mutants (possessing a complete but dysregulated T3SS), indicating that bacteriostasis reflects a Na+-dependent lesion in bioenergetics. In contrast, mutants lacking the negative regulator YopD or the YopD chaperone (LcrH) failed to grow in any rescue medium and are therefore truly temperature-sensitive. The Ca2+-blind yopD phenotype was fully suppressed in a Ca2+-independent background lacking the injectisome-associated inner-membrane component YscV but not peripheral YscK, suggesting that the core translocon energizes YopD.
The importance of challenging your diagnosis even in straightforward cases.

The art of diagnosis consists in the recognition of signs and symptoms and their interpretation under the light of individual circumstances obtained from the patient9s history. In medicine we encounter cases that are straightforward and cases that are complex as they are the result of a rare disease or of uncommon presentation of a common disorder. We present in this paper the case of a patient with a non-healing traumatic wound to her shin, which after unsuccessful treatments was biopsied and an unexpected diagnosis of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum was made. This led to the institution of disease-targeted wound care leading to complete resolution in a short period of time.
Subspace-based identification for linear and nonlinear systems

This paper deals with the basic subspace algorithm for time-invariant systems. A simplified proof of the fact that the state sequence and/or the observability matrix of the dynamical system can be determined directly from input-output data is provided. Some existing identification algorithms for linear time-varying systems are presented. The paper also covers the bulk of the existing subspace-based nonlinear identification algorithms including Hammerstein and nonlinear feedback identification, Hammerstein-Wiener identification for Wiener systems, linear parameter-varying system identification, and bilinear system identification.
Dialogue with Lois Lowry Development of the Neuman Systems Model

The column is an interview with one of the Neuman trustees. Dr. Lois Lowry shared her experience with the Neuman systems model in curriculum development and evaluation in this dialogue. She shared insights from the development of the international Neuman conference in Holland in June.
Congestion controlled adaptive lightweight multicast in wireless mobile ad hoc networks

The use of contention-based MAC protocols combined with hidden terminal problems make multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks much more sensitive to load and congestion than wired networks or even wireless cellular networks. In such an environment, we argue that multicast reliability cannot be achieved solely by retransmission of lost packets as is typically done in wired networks with protocols such as SRM. We contend that in order to achieve reliable multicast delivery in such networks, besides reliability mechanisms, we must also consider jointly two components: reliability and congestion control. In this paper, we propose CALM, a congestion controlled, adaptive, lightweight multicast transport protocol and show that congestion control alone can significantly improve reliable packet delivery in ad hoc networks when compared to traditional "wired" reliable multicast protocols.
Thermal design of power module to minimize peak transient temperature

This paper investigates the impact of the geometry of the heat spreader and the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger on the steady-state and transient thermal performances of power semiconductor modules. Results show that the steady-state thermal resistances along the thermal flow path change with heat transfer coefficients owing to limited heat spreading effect. The transient thermal performance is mainly affected by the thermal capacitance in the power module. To minimize the transient thermal impedance without sacrificing weight, cost, and so on, the thickness of the heat-spreader should be selected to match the thermal time constant to the transient duration. Based on these results, a methodology is proposed to conservatively select the thickness of the heat spreader to maintain the silicon junction at a required peak transient temperature. The methodology is exemplified and verified by a thermal design for a medium-voltage power module.
Stimulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora cactorum and P. parasitica by fatty acids and related compounds

After purification by thin-layer chromatography (tlc) several fatty acids stimulated oospore formation in Phytophthora cactorum but not in Phytophthora parasitica. Palmitoleic acid was the most effective and was the only fatty acid tested that promoted oospore formation in P. parasitica. Purification of palmitoleic acid by Florisil column chromatography resulted in a two-fold increase in activity over that purified by tlc. When 0.01 to 100 ng of cholesterol was added to basal medium containing palmitoleic acid, the added cholesterol did not significantly change oospore production by P. cactorum. Oospore formation in P. cactorum was slightly stimulated by tlc-treated aliphatic hydrocarbons, or derivatives of hydrocarbons, but was strongly stimulated by geraniol and squalene. Vitamin A and vitamin A esters stimulated oospore formation in both P. cactorum and P. parasitica. tlc treatment also significantly increased the activity of cholesterol and β-sitosterol on oospore formation by P. cactorum. Both compounds did not stimulate oospore formation by P. parasitica even after tlc treatment.
Mitral valve annular bacterial vegetative mass masquerading as a left atrial myxoma.

A 49-year-old male with chronic kidney disease and history of renal transplantation in 2006 on chronic immunosuppressant therapy presented with a 1-week history of chills and generalized myalgia. He had a temperature of 101°F. One set of blood cultures grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Transesophageal echo (TEE) revealed a mobile mass that was 2 cm in length attached by a thin stalk to the base of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The surgical diagnosis was a left atrial myxoma. The echocardiographic as well as the surgical findings were consistent with an atrial myxoma. However, the histopathology of the specimen showed no evidence of myxoma as the characteristic stellate mesenchymal cells were absent. Instead the milieu of inflammatory cells, fibrin and multimicrobial colonization of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci suggested a super infected vegetative mass. It is interesting that the mitral valve was intact as de novo vegetation being formed on a structurally normal native valve is rare. In some instances, the echocardiographic distinction between atrial masses such as vegetation, thrombus or an atrial myxoma may be ambiguous. Not only does surgical removal allow histological determination of the diagnosis that is critical for treatment, but in cases where an infected mass is mobile and greater than 15 mm, as in this case, there is high potential for embolization. Surgical removal significantly decreases the risk of an embolic event. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E62-E64)
Friendship Quality as a Predictor of Young Children's Early School Adjustment

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for assessing young children's perceptions of classroom friendships and to determine whether these perceptions were associated with their adjustment during the transition to grade school. Subscales tapping 5 friendship processes (e.g., validation, aid, disclosure of negative affect, exclusivity, conflict) were extracted from a 24-item friendship interview that was individually administered to 82 kindergarten children (M age = 5.61) who possessed a reciprocated and stable "best" friend in their classroom. Children's reports of the investigated friendship processes were found to be reliable, and processes such as perceived validation and conflict predicted children's satisfaction with their friendships, and the stability of these relationships. Perceived conflict in friendships was associated with multiple forms of school maladjustment for boys, including higher levels of school loneliness and avoidance and lower levels of school liking and engagement. For both boys and girls, validation and aid forecasted gains in perceived support from classmates, and aid also predicted improvements in children's school attitudes. Perceived exclusivity in friendships was associated with lower levels of achievement. These findings, and others reported in this article, are consistent with the hypothesis that the relational features of children's classroom friendships yield psychological benefits or costs (e.g., provisions) that, in turn, affect their development and adjustment.
Analysis of thick hollow composite beams under general loadings

Abstract A theory is presented for hollow composite beams with arbitrary crosssection and thick walls. This model is applied to slender cantilever composite beams with circular and rectangular cross-sections subjected to torsion, tension, shear, and combined loadings. The present theory efficiently accounts for transverse shear, primary and secondary torsional warping, and three-dimensional (3D) elastic effects in laminated beam walls which are accentuated as the wall thickness increases. The numerical results from the present approach are compared with available experimental data, other analytical results, and 3D finite element analysis. Good correlation between the present theory and other results is achieved for all test cases, regardless of wall thickness.
Nurses and smoking: review and implications.

Abstract An analysis of smoking behavior among nurses shows unacceptably high levels of smoking, despite some evidence of a downward trend. In this article, the nature of tobacco dependence is examined, and an extensive review of demographic and causative factors associated with the smoking behavior of nurses is presented. The impact of smoking on the practice of nurses, particularly related to their ability to serve as health educators and role models, is critically examined. Areas for potential research and inquiry, along with some overall strategies for intervention, are identified. (Index works: Nicotine; Smoking; Substance abuse; Substance dependence; Tobacco use disorder)
Observations of meandering superstructures in the roughness sublayer of a turbulent boundary layer

Abstract The existence of meandering superstructures in a turbulent boundary layer overlying irregular roughness is explored with high-frame-rate particle-image velocimetry measurements within the roughness sublayer at moderate Reynolds number. Elongated streamwise fields of view reconstructed from this data using a Taylor’s hypothesis approach revealed spanwise-meandering regions of low-streamwise-momentum fluid that extended several boundary-layer thicknesses in the streamwise direction. Such signatures are consistent with previous observations of superstructures in smooth-wall turbulence. Counter-rotating wall-normal vortex cores were found to reside along the spanwise boundaries of these superstructure patterns, consistent with the spatial characteristics of hairpin vortex packets.
Strength of Beta‐Alumina Tubes

Environmental strength tests of diametrally loaded rings and internally pressurized tubes were conducted with beta alumina. The strength exhibits a large amount of scatter and a size effect which can be characterized with a Weibull statistical treatment.
Large increases in attractant concentration disrupt the polar localization of bacterial chemoreceptors

In bacterial chemotaxis, the chemoreceptors [methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs)] transduce chemotactic signals through the two-component histidine kinase CheA. At low but not high attractant concentrations, chemotactic signals must be amplified. The MCPs are organized into a polar lattice, and this organization has been proposed to be critical for signal amplification. Although evidence in support of this model has emerged, an understanding of how signals are amplified and modulated is lacking. We probed the role of MCP localization under conditions wherein signal amplification must be inhibited. We tested whether a large increase in attractant concentration (a change that should alter receptor occupancy from c. 0% to > 95%) would elicit changes in the chemoreceptor localization. We treated Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis with a high level of attractant, exposed cells to the cross-linking agent paraformaldehyde and visualized chemoreceptor location with an anti-MCP antibody. A marked increase in the percentage of cells displaying a diffuse staining pattern was obtained. In contrast, no increase in diffuse MCP staining is observed when cells are treated with a repellent or a low concentration of attractant. For B. subtilis mutants that do not undergo chemotaxis, the addition of a high concentration of attractant has no effect on MCP localization. Our data suggest that interactions between chemoreceptors are decreased when signal amplification is unnecessary.
Retrospective Analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Staging Asymptomatic Breast Cancer Patients Younger Than 40 Years

National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines consider 18F-FDG PET/CT for only clinical stage III breast cancer patients. However, there is debate whether TNM staging should be the only factor in considering if PET/CT is warranted. Patient age may be an additional consideration, because young breast cancer patients often have more aggressive tumors with potential for earlier metastases. This study assessed PET/CT for staging of asymptomatic breast cancer patients younger than 40 y. Methods: In this Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective study, our hospital information system was screened for breast cancer patients younger than 40 y who underwent staging PET/CT before any treatment. Patients with symptoms or conventional imaging findings suggestive of distant metastases or with prior malignancy were excluded. Initial stage was based on physical examination, mammography, ultrasound, and breast MR imaging. PET/CT was then evaluated to identify unsuspected extraaxillary regional nodal and distant metastases. Results: One hundred thirty-four patients with initial breast cancer stage I to IIIC met inclusion criteria. PET/CT findings led to upstaging to stage III or IV in 28 patients (21%). Unsuspected extraaxillary regional nodes were found in 15 of 134 patients (11%) and distant metastases in 20 of 134 (15%), with 7 of 134 (5%) demonstrating both. PET/CT revealed stage IV disease in 1 of 20 (5%) patients with initial clinical stage I, 2 of 44 (5%) stage IIA, 8 of 47 (17%) stage IIB, 4 of 13 (31%) stage IIIA, 4 of 8 (50%) stage IIIB, and 1 of 2 (50%) stage IIIC. All 20 patients upstaged to stage IV were histologically confirmed. Four synchronous thyroid and 1 rectal malignancies were identified. Conclusion: PET/CT revealed distant metastases in 17% of asymptomatic stage IIB breast cancer patients younger than 40 y. Although guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend against systemic staging in patients with stage II disease, our data suggest that PET/CT might be valuable in younger patients with stage IIB and III disease. Use of PET/CT in younger patients has the potential to reduce the morbidity and cost of unnecessary therapies in young breast cancer patients.
Palliative radiation therapy for primary gastric melanoma.

Introduction: Primary gastric melanoma is an exceedingly rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleeding). Prior reports of primary gastric melanoma have mostly been treated with surgery with utilization of radiation therapy being unreported. Radiation therapy has been used to palliate bleeding of other cancers including lung, bladder, cervix, and more recently primary gastric cancers. Case presentation: This case documents an 87-year-old male who presented with fatigue and melena, and was found to have severe anemia. Endoscopy with biopsy revealed an isolated focus of melanoma. After discharge, he presented two days later and was found to have continued bleeding. Because he was deemed a poor surgical candidate he elected to undergo palliative radiation therapy for bleeding control. Discussion: The diagnosis of primary verses metastatic melanoma is a topic of debate. Case reports of patients with no known extra-gastric primary have undergone surgical treatment with varying outcomes. Patients with metastatic gastric melanoma have relied on chemotherapy and radiation in addition to surgery, with radiation being used in the palliative setting. The use of radiation to control bleeding in other cancers including primary gastric adenocarcinoma has been previously studied. This case documents the utilization of radiation therapy in bleeding due to primary gastric melanoma. Conclusions: Radiation therapy can provide adequate bleeding palliation in patients with primary gastric melanoma.
Biventricular intracorporeal ventricular assist device in a 10-year-old child.

PurposeThe pediatric population has benefited greatly by the evolution of ventricular assist devices (VADs) leading to miniaturization. Device design like the HeartWare® VAD allows for implantation...
The Appearance of Maffucci Syndrome on 18F-FDG PET/CT

Maffucci syndrome is a rare condition with multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas. Fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the United States. There is a high predilection for neoplastic changes, and PET/CT has an important role in detecting these changes.
Correction of steatorrhea in bile fistula dogs by frequent return of bile.

SummaryThe steatorrhea of 3 bile fistula dogs given a fatty meal once daily was nearly completely corrected when the animals own bile was returned to the duodenum every hour. The steatorrhea persisted, however, when bile was returned every 4 or 8 hours. Since the total quantity of cholic acid returned during the 1- and 4-hour regimes was the same, the importance of continuous presence, apart from total daily quantity present, in the intestine is demonstrated.
Key to the Species of Dendezia, with Descriptions of Three New Species from Ghana (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Rhyparochrominae)

A key is presented for identification of species in the cleradine genus Dendezia, and three new species from Ghana, D. fulva, D. lunamaculata, and D. paucimaculata, are described. Dorsalview illustrations of the holotypes of D. fulva and D. lunamaculata are provided.
Chromene-Annulated Bacteriochlorins

Syntheses and optical properties of mono- and bis-chromene-annulated bacteriochlorins are described. Known monochromene-annulated meso-(pentafluorophenyl)chlorin is susceptible to a regioselective OsO4-mediated dihydroxylation, generating two monochromene-annulated trihydroxybacteriochlorin stereoisomers: either the newly introduced vic-cis-diol functionality is on the same side as the vic-cis-diol moiety the chromene-annulation was based on or on the opposite side. Treatment of the two isomers with heat or base generates different sets of bis-chromene-annulated bacteriochlorin stereo- and regioisomers. Detailed 1D and 2D (1)H and (19)F NMR spectroscopic investigations allowed the characterization of the isomers that formed. The regioselectivity of the second annulation reaction was rationalized computationally on steric grounds. The bacteriochlorin-type optical spectra of the mono- and bis-chromene-annulated bacteriochlorins are modulated as a result of the annulation, with each isomer possessing a unique spectrum, attributed to the effects the regiochemically distinct annulations have on the conformation of the chromophore. The formation of a bis-chromene-annulated chlorin from the bacteriochlorins is also described, including its X-ray crystal structure, revealing some details of the metrics of the chromene-annulated moiety. The vic-diol functionality of monochromene-annulated trihydroxybacteriochlorins is also susceptible to oxidation and ring-expansion reactions, generating chromene-annulated pyrrole-modified chlorins incorporating oxazolone and morpholine moieties. The work expands the body of work on the synthesis and optical fine-tuning of meso-aryl-substituted bacteriochlorins.
Multimodality Imaging of Neurodegenerative Processes: Part 2, Atypical Dementias.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of multimodality imaging in the evaluation of atypical neurodegenerative conditions. An imaging approach to the more common dementia disease processes was described in part 1. This article, part 2, briefly discusses current Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services coverage for imaging patients with dementia and illustrates the basic concepts of combining anatomic, metabolic, and amyloid imaging in the evaluation of patients with atypical neurodegenerative dementia. Although these disease processes are rare, the growing repertoire of clinically available imaging techniques necessitates an understanding of their imaging patterns. CONCLUSION. Despite the rarity of these conditions, imaging of patients with neurodegenerative disorders is on the rise, and familiarity with the imaging appearances of these atypical causes is increasingly important.
The effect of atmospheric sulfate reductions on diffuse radiation and photosynthesis in the United States during 1995 – 2013

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been shown to influence the global carbon sink by increasing the fraction of diffuse light, which increases photosynthesis over a greater fraction of the vegetated canopy. Between 1995 and 2013, U.S. SO2 emissions declined by over 70%, coinciding with observed AOD reductions of 3.0 ± 0.6% y-1 over the eastern U.S. In the Community Earth System Model (CESM), these trends cause diffuse light to decrease regionally by almost 0.6% y-1, leading to declines in gross primary production (GPP) of 0.07% y-1. Integrated over the analysis period and domain, this represents 0.5 PgC of omitted GPP. A separate upscaling calculation that used published relationships between GPP and diffuse light agreed with the CESM model results within 20%. The agreement between simulated and data-constrained upscaling results strongly suggests that anthropogenic sulfate trends have a small impact on carbon uptake in temperate forests due to scattered light.
Flexible Modeling of Genetic Effects on Function-Valued Traits

Abstract Genome-wide association studies commonly examine one trait at a time. Occasionally they examine several related traits with the hope of increasing power; in such a setting, the traits are not generally smoothly varying in any way such as time or space. However, for function-valued traits, the trait is often smoothly varying along the axis of interest, such as space or time. For instance, in the case of longitudinal traits such as growth curves, the axis of interest is time; for spatially varying traits such as chromatin accessibility, it would be position along the genome. Although there have been efforts to perform genome-wide association studies with such function-valued traits, the statistical approaches developed for this purpose often have limitations such as requiring the trait to behave linearly in time or space, or constraining the genetic effect itself to be constant or linear in time. Herein, we present a flexible model for this problem—the Partitioned Gaussian Process—which removes man...
Data sharing practices, information exchange behaviors, and knowledge discovery dynamics: a study of natural resources and environmental scientists

This paper presents a deep-dive examination of the cross-boundary data practices of natural resources and environmental scientists in the context of Virginia Tech’s institutional visioning and strategic development efforts. The goal is to understand scientists’ actual data information behaviors, their communication and exchange dynamics, and their knowledge discovery mechanisms for effective and productive data sharing and reuse. A focus group and multiple individual interviews were conducted using critical incident, story telling, and scenario building techniques. The results reveal the subtle importance of interpersonal communication and interactive discussion in deciphering nuances, discovering novelty, and revealing insights in data, all of which enable productive exchange and effective reuse. In the new transformative and disruptive research environments, novel discoveries are catalyzed by scientific knowledge, driven and inspired by research curiosity and creativity, and enabled by unique and rich data collections. As such, an integrated view of social and technical factors must be figured into the holistic design of data repository, discovery, and learning system. Libraries have significant roles to play to advance both social and technical infrastructures of a research data ecosystem in a strategic, targeted, and synchronized fashion.
STUDIES IN CONDUCTING POLYMERS.

Characterization of polyacetylene in terms of the classical polymer parameters — molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, branching, crosslinking, structural and isomeric irregularities, end groups, etc. — is still almost totally lacking. Nor is it known how these parameters vary with time during the polymerization process or by post-synthesis reaction with further adventitious or deliberately introduced reactants. It is clear that these factors must also effect the crystallinity and morphology of the resultant polyacetylene and hence ultimately the electrical properties.
Autonomic modulation following an acute bout of bench press with and without blood flow restriction

Traditional resistance exercise decreases vagal tone up to 30 min after an acute bout of resistance exercise, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the effects of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) on autonomic modulation are unclear. To evaluate autonomic modulation after resistance exercise with and without BFR in resistance-trained men. Eleven young men volunteered for the study. Autonomic modulation was assessed at rest, 15 (Rec 1), and 25 (Rec 2) minutes after low-load bench press with BFR (LL-BFR), traditional high-load bench press (HL), and a control (CON). Autonomic modulation assessments were expressed as natural logarithm (Ln), and included total power (LnTP), low-frequency power (LnLF), high-frequency power (LnHF), sympathovagal balance (LnLF/LnHF ratio), root mean square of the successive differences (LnRMSSD), and the proportion of intervals differing by > 50 ms from the preceding intervals (LnPNN50). A repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate conditions (LL-BFR, HL and CON) across time (Rest, Rec1, and Rec2) on autonomic modulation. There were significant condition by time interactions for LnTP, LnHF, and LnRMSSD such that they were reduced during recovery after LL-BFR and HL compared to Rest and CON. There were no interactions in the LnLF, LnLF/LnHF ratio, and LnPNN50. These data suggest that LL-BFR and HL significantly alter autonomic modulation up to 30 min after exercise with significant reduction after HL compared to LL-BFR when exercise volume is equated.
CONTEMPORARY PEDAGOGY FOR THE ADULT LEARNING

The purpose of this article is to discuss contemporary educational pedagogy for the 21 st century adult student (commonly called andragogy) with attention to current learning styles theory. As the roles and responsibilities of current faculty continue to develop it is important to also focus on how learning styles theory and adult learning theory can be used to enhance andragogy in universities and colleges. This article will also address research on andragogy and its practical application to teaching, as well as student strategies for success. As the role of faculty continues to evolve, higher education needs to be responsible and responsive in preparing to address the diverse, contemporary and future challenges of the 21 st teacher and student. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijtel.2017.11.8696 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
Fata morganas in oil-rich, institution-poor economies

Abstract Oil-dependent countries suffer from bad institutions. While some believe oil to be the culprit, others have argued that institution-weak economies are poor and resource dependent as a result. This concern previously motivated examinations of resource abundance (e.g., resource production or deposits) that tend to yield different results. But this does not confirm endogeneity bias because resource abundance may not accurately capture the relative importance of natural resources to an economy. In this paper, it is demonstrated that institutional quality is indeed correlated with GDP, and that this fully explains the observed negative relationship between institutional quality and energy dependence. This finding offers broad implications that reach beyond the resource-development literature and speaks generally to the practice of scaling explanatory variables by GDP.
Non-Hodgkin Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a diverse group of lymphoproliferative neoplasms arising from lymphocytes that differ in terms of their morphology, natural history, response to therapy, and prognosis. As a group, NHLs are the sixth most common cancer in the USA, with an estimated 65,540 new cases diagnosed in 2010. They are also the sixth most common cause of cancer death in the USA, with an estimated 20,210 deaths in 2010. Approximately 85 % of NHLs are of B-cell origin, and the remaining are T-cell malignancies. On the basis of their clinical features and natural history, NHLs of B-cell origin may be broadly categorized as either indolent or aggressive. Follicular lymphoma, the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma, accounts for 22.1 % of all NHL cases worldwide [1]. Other indolent B-cell lymphomas include small lymphocytic lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (6.7 % of all NHLs); marginal zone lymphomas, consisting of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (also called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma [7.6 % of all NHLs]), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (1.8 % of all NHLs), and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (<1 % of all NHLs); and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (1.2 % of all NHLs) [1]. This chapter focuses primarily on follicular lymphoma; the other indolent B-cell lymphomas will be described briefly.
Community-Acquired Bacteremic Urosepsis in the Elderly Patients: A Prospective Study of 34 Consecutive Episodes

AbstractA prospective study was done on the clinical, laboratory, radiological, immunological and therapeutic features of acute, symptomatic, bacteremic urosepsis in 34 consecutive, elderly patients who required hospitalization. Urinary tract infection was identified as the most common cause of gram-negative bacteremia in elderly patients admitted to a community hospital. Appropriate antibiotic therapy and a lack of serious associated medical illnesses contributed to the high survival rate.Bacteremia and shock occurring in the wake of pyelonephritis develop more commonly in elderly than in young women. In the elderly patient with bacteremia and pyelonephritis radiographic evaluation invariably demonstrates obstruction to urine flow, calculous disease or abscess. Guidelines are provided for the therapy of acute, symptomatic bacteremic urosepsis.
Counterproductive Work Behaviors and Their Ethical Dilemmas: Creating Just, Respectful, and Productive Organizations

The goal of the current chapter is to examine the relationship between counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWBs) and ethical dilemmas and to suggest interventions and resolutions to these critical issues. We will begin with a brief definition of CWBs, the prevalence of these behaviors, and the various costs associated with it. Then, we will discuss how several of the five general ethical principles published by the American Psychological Association (APA, American Psychological Association ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct, 2002. Retrieved February 9, 2009), namely, beneficence and non-maleficence, justice, and respect for people’s rights and dignity, apply to the wide spectrum of CWBs that can occur in the workplace and the ethical dilemmas that they create. Each of these specific dilemmas will be linked to real-world solutions backed by the current literature. Finally, we will discuss measurement issues associated with CWBs as well as how recent advances and shifts in technology affect the workplace and the possible CWBs in which employees engage.
Potential Applications of Boron-11 in Fusion Reactors

An exploratory investigation of the neutronic performance of metallic boron and B4C enriched in B11 as the materials for limiters, liners, and neutron moderator/reflectors in fusion reactors has be...
NRF: A Naive Re-identification Framework

The promise of big data relies on the release and aggregation of data sets. When these data sets contain sensitive information about individuals, it has been scalable and convenient to protect the privacy of these individuals by de-identification. However, studies show that the combination of de-identified data sets with other data sets risks re-identification of some records. Some studies have shown how to measure this risk in specific contexts where certain types of public data sets (such as voter roles) are assumed to be available to attackers. To the extent that it can be accomplished, such analyses enable the threat of compromises to be balanced against the benefits of sharing data. For example, a study that might save lives by enabling medical research may be enabled in light of a sufficiently low probability of compromise from sharing de-identified data. In this paper, we introduce a general probabilistic re-identification framework that can be instantiated in specific contexts to estimate the probability of compromises based on explicit assumptions. We further propose a baseline of such assumptions that enable a first-cut estimate of risk for practical case studies. We refer to the framework with these assumptions as the Naive Re-identification Framework (NRF). As a case study, we show how we can apply NRF to analyze and quantify the risk of re-identification arising from releasing de-identified medical data in the context of publicly-available social media data. The results of this case study show that NRF can be used to obtain meaningful quantification of the re-identification risk, compare the risk of different social media, and assess risks of combinations of various demographic attributes and medical conditions that individuals may voluntarily disclose on social media.
Inelastic Behavior of Tungsten-Carbide in Pressure-Shear Impact Shock Experiments Beyond 20 GPa

Pressure-shear plate impact (PSPI) tests commonly use Tungsten-Carbide (WC) as anvil plates, sandwiching the tested material. The common use of WC in these tests is due to its high impedance and high strength, allowing to reach high pressures, with an elastic response, enabling a straightforward analysis of the tested material. Recent modifications of a powder gun facility at Caltech have enabled pressure-shear plate impact experiments (PSPI) to reach higher velocities with corresponding higher pressures and strain rates. Entering this regime, the inelastic behavior of WC has to be taken into account to extract the response of the tested material. In this work we examine the inelastic behavior of WC in the pressure-shear set-up via numerical simulations and PSPI experiments. The 3D numerical simulations enabled to study effects of friction, slip and tilt on the measured signals and so their sensitivity to the material strength and failure behavior. A material model was calibrated in relation to the experimental results.
Momentum Conservation Before Newton: Writing and Reasoning Activities for Introductory Physics Students

There are many reasons for exposing physics students to primary source material in the sciences. These works can illuminate the history of science and give students a more vivid picture of the development of physics than most textbooks attempt to provide. They can also serve as pedagogical tools for exploring the misconceptions and “wrong answers” of the past as a way to clarify physical laws and definitions, and as assessment tools for probing students’ conceptual understanding of these laws and definitions in their modern form.
AUC-Based Monitoring of Vancomycin: Closing the Therapeutic Window

Therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin is in the midst of a paradigm shift from targeting trough concentrations to area under the concentration–time curve (AUC)2. The 2009 consensus review of vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring recommended targeting trough concentrations of 15–20 mg/L to “improve tissue penetration, increase probability of obtaining optimal target serum concentrations, and improve clinical outcomes” (1). This was a level IIIB recommendation based almost entirely on expert opinion, as previous studies had demonstrated that troughs were not associated with efficacy (2). However, studies had demonstrated that trough concentrations, especially those ≥15 mg/L, were a reliable marker of increased risk of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity (2, 3). Conversely, AUC values and AUC/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratios had been associated with clinical efficacy (4), but no definitive upper threshold for nephrotoxicity had been established. This discordance between guideline recommendations and current literature caused a clinical dilemma, as it was known that trough concentrations have …
Pathways to Water-Smart Power

This chapter looks at some of the steps underway for reducing the large amounts of water used by thermoelectric generating plants to produce most of the world’s electricity. Thermoelectric plants use coal, natural gas or nuclear power to generate power. These plants require large amounts of freshwater for producing steam in the boiler, for cooling and condensing the steam after it has been used to power turbines to generate electricity, and for scrubbing flue gas to remove and collect potential air pollutants.
Prolactin Producing Adenomas: Prolactinomas and Hyperprolactinemia

Prolactinomas (PPAs) are the most common type of secretory pituitary adenomas. The majority of prolactinomas are found in women on evaluation of amenorrhea, infertility, and new onset or persistent lactation after discontinuation of breastfeeding. Although galactorrhea may also be a sentinel symptom in males, this is not as common, and is often preceded by sexual dysfunction. Diagnosis may not occur, particularly in males or postmenopausal women, until midlife when tumor growth impacts the optic chiasm and/or visual deficits are found, prompting ophthalmology review and subsequent imaging. Likewise, pituitary adenomas may be an incidental finding on a head CT or MRI obtained during a workup for headaches, after a head trauma, or other symptoms.
Exercise Testing of Adolescents and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Perceptual Responses and the Gas Exchange Threshold.

For individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), mild to moderate exercise is advised, but self-regulation of these intensities is difficult. To regulate intensity, one SCD recommendation is to stop...
Tunable Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of PhC⋮CH Catalyzed by Cp*Rh Complexes

The catalysts [Cp*RhCl2]2 and [Cp*Rh(BINAP)](SbF6)2 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; BINAP = 2,2‘-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1‘-binaphthyl) are effective for the hydrosilylation of phenylacetylene with triethylsilane, triethoxysilane, and triphenylsilane under mild conditions. [Cp*RhCl2]2 promotes the atypical anti addition to yield the β-Z isomer, whereas [Cp*Rh(BINAP)](SbF6)2 gives syn addition to form the β-E isomer. Extraordinarily high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity were observed for reactions involving triphenylsilane. Thus, tuning of the ligand set of Cp*Rh allows preparation of either the β-Z or β-E product.
Spatial Radiation Dose Influence on Xerostomia Recovery and Its Comparison to Acute Incidence in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.

Abstract Purpose Radiation-induced xerostomia is one of the most prevalent symptoms during and after head and neck cancer radiation therapy (RT). We aimed to discover the spatial radiation dose-based (voxel dose) importance pattern in the major salivary glands in relation to the recovery of xerostomia 18 months after RT, and to compare the recovery voxel dose importance pattern to the acute incidence (injury) pattern. Methods and Materials This study included all patients within our database with xerostomia outcomes after completion of curative intensity modulated RT. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events xerostomia grade was used to define recovered versus nonrecovered group at baseline, between end of treatment and 18 months post-RT, and beyond 18 months, respectively. Ridge logistic regression was performed to predict the probability of xerostomia recovery. Voxel doses within geometrically defined parotid glands (PG) and submandibular glands (SMG), demographic characteristics, and clinical factors were included in the algorithm. We plotted the normalized learned weights on the 3-dimensional PG and SMG structures to visualize the voxel dose importance for predicting xerostomia recovery. Results A total of 146 head and neck cancer patients from 2008 to 2016 were identified. The superior region of the ipsilateral and contralateral PG was the most influencial for xerostomia recovery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation for ridge logistic regression was 0.68 ± 0.07. Compared with injury, the recovery voxel dose importance pattern was more symmetrical and was influenced by lower dose voxels. Conclusions The superior portion of the 2 PGs (low dose region) are the most influential on xerostomia recovery and seem to be equal in their contribution. The dissimilarity of the influence pattern between injury and recovery suggests different underlying mechanisms. The importance pattern identified by spatial radiation dose and machine learning methods can improve our understanding of normal tissue toxicities in RT. Further external validation is warranted.
Political Realism as Anti-scholastic Practice: Methodological Lessons from Muckraking Journalism:

What does the trend of “realism” in political theory portend, if anything, for how social and political scientists do their work? We can best see where realism’s rubber hits the road by re-examinin...
Equality, Efficiency, and Developmental Education Reform: The Impact of SB 1720 on the Mission of the Florida College System:

Objective: Community colleges have long made higher education more accessible to students from diverse academic backgrounds, particularly those who are academically underprepared and require remedi...
Recent advances into the role of pattern recognition receptors in transplantation

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are germline-encoded sensors best characterized for their critical role in host defense. However, there is accumulating evidence that organ transplantation induces the release or display of molecular patterns of cellular injury and death that trigger PRR-mediated inflammatory responses. There are also new insights that indicate PRRs are able to distinguish between self and non-self, suggesting the existence of non-clonal mechanisms of allorecognition. Collectively, these reports have spurred considerable interest into whether PRRs or their ligands can be targeted to promote transplant survival. This review examines the mounting evidence that PRRs play in transplant-mediated inflammation. Given the large number of PRRs, we will focus on members from four families: the complement system, toll-like receptors, the formylated peptide receptor, and scavenger receptors through examining reports of their activity in experimental models of cellular and solid organ transplantation as well as in the clinical setting.
Design and Simulation of Multi-phase Multi-stage Interleaved Boost Converters for Photovoltaic Application

This paper presents a new design of multi-stage multi-phase for Interleaved Boost Converters (IBCs) controlled by MPPT technqiue for each power switch. As the PV output current is usually high, the first-stage is designed with four-phase IBC to absorb the high current and deliver the utmost power with less stress on switches and less components size. The current for the next stage is lower that makes three-phase IBC and two-phase IBC for the last stage. The simulation results approve the effectiveness of the modeling and analysis and verify that the proposed system design is suitable for PV application feeds a high voltage devices with less stress, less input current ripple, less output voltage ripple, and sufficient efficiency.