cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-cost protein from cottonseed

As a source of fiber, the cotton trend has been downward in acres harvested and in value of the crop. In 1961, cotton had a farm value of $ 3 billion not counting Government payments; in 1970, little more than a third of this (17). "Acreage has fallen off by 60 percent in the past 20 years; production has declined by 30 percent....Only the MidSouth states plus Alabama, Texas and California planted more than I million acres to cotton in 1971. The Mid-South and Texas alone accounted for 70 percent of the acreage and two-thirds of the production of cotton in 1971" (4). "And foreign mills can buy cotton of comparable quality from our competitors at a lower price than we can afford to offer" (3). Even though the USDA's Agricultural Research Service is developing processes which give cotton the properties of synthetics while retaining its own best features, such treatment adds to the cost. However, cotton has more than fiber to offer. With each 100 pounds of fiber, the cotton plant yields approximately 170 pounds of cottonseed, 95 percent of which is available for processing. Such products as cooking oil, linters, and cottonseed meal and hulls (for livestock) have long been familiar to the public (6). For some years extensive research has been conducted to determine the use of cottonseed as a food source. Studies have been made to calculate the tolerance level of various animals for gossypol (the toxic polyphenolic compound present in the glands and a process has been developed for its removal. Glandless, gossypol-free varieties of cottonseed have come from the combined efforts of many agencies to add a new
Considerations in Court-Involved Therapy With Parents

This article reviews the characteristics of parents involved in the custody and visitation disputes in the legal system, foundations for treating such parents, and an integrative systemic therapy developed to intervene with these families. Parents and children involved in these conflicts are often at risk for a wide variety of problems. The integrative family therapy described utilizes multilevel intervention strategies and techniques drawn from different theoretical models. The article describes a protocol for treatment and set strategies for intervention that are useful for the whole family system, both parents, or only one parent. It is argued that a systemic perspective and linking work at all levels, including the court, is essential in the treatment of these cases.
Color texture signatures for art-paintings vs. scene-photographs based on human visual system

Efficient image filters that classify Web-images as photograph of a real-scene or as paintings are very desired in a content-based image retrieval system. The main contribution of this paper is the proposition of two feature vectors, the receptive field profiles (RFPs) and the composite visual feature (CVF), that effectively discriminate art paintings from scene-photographs. The formulation of these signatures were inspired by the model and analysis of human visual system (HVS); The RFPs are approximated by a multi-channel color Gabor filters which capture color texture properties; The CVF measures color uniqueness, saturation and smoothness and edge discrepancy. Experimentations on a database of 20,000 images, collected from the web, with extremely variable visual contents, showed very promising classification results (93%). We found that RFPs features are larger for photographs than for painting. The boundary separation between classes in feature spaces were modeled using Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and support vector machines (SVM). A comparative analysis is conducted and GMM shown higher performance.
Politics and the perpetuation of poverty in Arizona Colonias

Abstract In 1990, the U.S. Congress passed the Cranston‐Gonzales National Affordable Housing Act (NAHA), the first federal legislation to acknowledge the existence and needs of the colonias along the Southwestern border. NAHA provided an official definition of colonias and mandating federal funding for infrastructural improvements in the border communities.1 Sadly, nineteen years after this legislation became law, and despite dedicated federal funding, colonia residents continue to suffer in conditions that can only be compared with those of underdeveloped countries. This study examines the disparity between the purpose of the NAHA legislation and the resulting policy implementation, exploring the role of benevolent rhetoric in the lack of effective implementation of the legislation's stated purpose. With a focus on the colonias of Arizona, this study examines why some colonias are positively affected, while others are detrimentally impacted.
Effects of Surface Finish on Areodynamic Performance of a Sailboat Centerboard

A centerboard stabilizer from a Laser sailboat was wind-tunnel tested at different surface finish conditions to ascertain the effects on performance. The stabilizer model had an NACA 0009 airfoil section, an aspect ratio of 1.8, and a leading-edge sweep angle of 22 deg. Tests were run at Reynolds numbers of 5.6 x 10 5 and 1.06 × 10 6 , based on the mean aerodynamic chord. Surface finishes of 0.04-0.46 mils (1.0-11.6 μm) rms roughness height were generated by sanding with different grit abrasives and quantified using surface laser scanning techniques
Cognitive Processes in Cognitive and Pharmacological Therapies

There is increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms by which effective therapies work. The cognitive neuroscience perspective presented here adds to our mechanism understanding of how empirically supported treatments for anxiety and depression work and it informs the cognitive specificity hypothesis. Basic neuroscience findings regarding synaptic transmission and experience-dependent plasticity are presented because they form the basis of learning and memory and enable a better understanding of the effects of neuroleptic drugs on the limbic system. Principles of connectionist modeling are discussed because they provide additional mechanism information. A generalization of the S-O-R model into a network model is presented. A connectionist explanation of how networks transform perceptions into cognitions is provided. This information is used to better understand how placebos and nocebos work. Clinical applications are made to PTSD, anxiety, depression, and their empirically supported treatments. The cognitive specificity hypothesis is revisited from this connectionist cognitive neuroscience perspective. Mechanism information concerning the effects of drugs on cognition, depth of cognitive change, and durability of treatment effects is presented. Corollaries and conclusions follow.
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND HEAT ON ABSORPTIVE PROPERTIES OF SOY HULLS1,2

Given the potential contribution of soy hulls to the human diet, a methodology was developed to determine their moisture and lipid absorptive properties under conditions simulating those within a restructured pork product during thermal processing. Laboratory procedures were developed to determine the interactive effects of particle size, heat (25, 50, 75, and 95°C), and varying levels of available water, pork lipids, and water/pork lipids emulsion upon absorption abilities. Absorption of all media was influenced by particle size; as particle size increased, media absorption generally increased. Higher temperatures tended to increase water and water/pork lipid emulsion absorption, but had no effect on pork lipid absorption. Water was found to be preferentially absorbed over lipids. These results can be used by food processors in developing a restructured pork/soy hull product for human consumption.
Theoretical model for scattering of radar signals in K u - and C-bands from a rough sea surface with breaking waves

A small-slope approximation (SSA) is used for numerical calculations of a radar backscattering cross section of the ocean surface for both Ku- and C-bands for various wind speeds and incident angles. Both the lowest order of the SSA and the one that includes the next-order correction to it are considered. The calculations were made by assuming the surface-height spectrum of Elfouhaily et al for fully developed seas. Empirical scattering models CMOD2-I3 and SASS-II are used for comparison. Theoretical calculations are in good overall agreement with the experimental data represented by the empirical models, with the exception of HH-polarization in the upwind direction. It was assumed that steep breaking waves are responsible for this effect, and the probability density function of large slopes was calculated based on this assumption. The logarithm of this function in the upwind direction can be approximated by a linear combination of wind speed and the appropriate slope. The resulting backscattering cross section for upwind, downwind and cross-wind directions, for winds ranging between 5 and 15 m s −1 , and for both polarizations in both wave bands corresponds to experimental results within 1–2 dB accuracy.
Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Tungsten Nucleation During Laser Induced Pyrolytic Cvd

The nucleation of tungsten on bare Si and SiO{sub 2}/Si surfaces by Ar ion laser induced CVD has been studied with high speed real-time specular reflection and scattering. The experimental results show that the induction time of tungsten nucleation decreases with laser power and is longer on thicker SiO{sub 2} surfaces than on thin native SiO{sub 2} surfaces at the same laser power. The activation energy of tungsten nucleation on native SiO{sub 2}/Si obtained from an Arrhenius plot of induction time is about 33 kJ/mol at temperatures less than 1,000 K and 16 kJ/mol at temperatures higher than 1,000 K. The results on bare Si with and without H{sub 2} reveal that the initial reaction mechanism appears to be the same in both cases. An Arrhenius plot of induction time shows two different apparent activation energies at different temperature ranges, which suggest that W nucleation is controlled by H atom desorption from the Si surface at temperatures less than 714 K and is dominated by Si atom reduction of WF{sub 6} molecules at surface temperatures greater than 800 K.
Inconsistency and the Theoretical Commitments of Hooker's Rule-Consequentialism

Rule-consequentialism is frequently regarded as problematic since it faces the following powerful dilemma: either rule-consequentialism collapses into act-consequentialism or rule-consequentialism is inconsistent. Recent defenders of this theory such as Brad Hooker provide a careful response to this objection. By explicating the nature and theoretical commitments of rule-consequentialism, I contend that these maneuvers are not successful by offering a new way of viewing the dilemma which retains its force even in light of these recent discussions. The central idea is that even the most well-developed contemporary form of the view is ensnared in the following dilemma: as an agent-neutral consequentialist theory, rule-consequentialism is either inconsistent or it is desperately unmotivated as a form of consequentialism since it is committed to a non-consequentialist form of ultimate moral value.
Strategizing Throughout the Organization: Managing Role Conflict in Strategic Renewal

Strategic renewal consists of three subprocesses (competence definition, deployment, and modification). Within each subprocess, the roles of top-, middle- and operating-level managers differ in their time horizon, information requirements, and core values. Dissensus in managers' perceptions about the need for change creates strategic role conflicts within individual managers and between managerial roles. In this article we explain when and where strategic role conflict occurs and how organizational controls may be used to alleviate it.
Regulation of mitosis in response to damaged or incompletely replicated DNA require different levels of Grapes (Drosophila Chk1)

Checkpoints monitor the state of DNA and can delay or arrest the cell cycle at multiple points including G1-S transition, progress through S phase and G2-M transition. Regulation of progress through mitosis, specifically at the metaphase-anaphase transition, occurs after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) in Drosophila and budding yeast, but has not been conclusively demonstrated in mammals. Here we report that regulation of metaphase-anaphase transition in Drosophila depends on the magnitude of radiation dose and time in the cell cycle at which radiation is applied, which may explain the apparent differences among experimental systems and offer an explanation as to why this regulation has not been seen in mammalian cells. We further document that mutants in Drosophila Chk1 (Grapes) that are capable of delaying the progress through mitosis in response to IR are incapable of delaying progress through mitosis when DNA synthesis is blocked by mutations in an essential replication factor encoded by double park (Drosophila Cdt1). We conclude that DNA damage and replication checkpoints operating in the same cell cycle at the same developmental stage in Drosophila can exhibit differential requirements for the Chk1 homolog. The converse situation exists in fission yeast where loss of Chk1 is more detrimental to the DNA damage checkpoint than to the DNA replication checkpoint. It remains to be seen which of these two different uses of Chk1 homologs are conserved in mammals. Finally, our results demonstrate that Drosophila provides a unique opportunity to study the regulation of the entry into, and progress through, mitosis by DNA structure checkpoints in metazoa.
Conditional Survival as a Selection Strategy To Identify Plant-Inducible Genes of Pseudomonas syringae

ABSTRACT A novel strategy termed habitat-inducible rescue of survival (HIRS) was developed to identify genes of Pseudomonas syringae that are induced during growth on bean leaves. This strategy is based on the complementation of metXW, two cotranscribed genes that are necessary for methionine biosynthesis and required for survival of P. syringae on bean leaves exposed to conditions of low humidity. We constructed a promoter trap vector, pTrap, containing a promoterless version of the wild-type P. syringae metXW genes. Only with an active promoter fused to metXW on pTrap did this plasmid restore methionine prototrophy to the P. syringae metXW mutant B7MX89 and survival of this strain on bean leaves. To test this method, a partial library of P. syringae genomic DNA was constructed in pTrap and a total of 1,400 B7MX89 pTrap clones were subjected to HIRS selection on bean leaves. This resulted in the enrichment of five clones, each with a unique RsaI restriction pattern of their DNA insert. Sequence analysis of these clones revealed those P. syringae genes for which putative plant-inducible activity could be assigned. Promoter activity experiments with a gfp reporter gene revealed that these plant-inducible gene promoters had very low levels of expression in minimal medium. Based on green fluorescent protein fluorescence levels, it appears that many P. syringae genes have relatively low expression levels and that the metXW HIRS strategy is a sensitive method to detect weakly expressed P. syringae genes that are active on plants. Furthermore, we found that protected sites on the leaf surface provided a higher level of enrichment for P. syringae expressing metXW than exposed sites. Thus, the metXW HIRS strategy should lead to the identification of P. syringae genes that are expressed primarily in these areas on the leaf.
An S-Band, Multi-Channel, Phase-Coherent Transponder for the Goddard Range and Range Rate Tracking System

This paper describes an S-band, multi-channel transponder which is utilized in the Goddard Range and Range Rate Tracking System for extremely accurate orbital or trajectory tracking of spacecraft from near-earth to lunar distances. A short general description of the system operation and capabilities will be presented. A detailed definition of the physical and electrical configuration of the transponder plus a discussion of the operating characteristics and design problems will follow.
Radiologic guide to surgical treatment of first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to provide a radiologic guide to surgical treatment of first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, a common problem especially in older women. CONCLUSION. Knowledge of the indications, surgical technique, component design, normal postoperative imaging assessment, and imaging findings of complications is important to providing a meaningful radiologic evaluation of patients after first carpometacarpal joint surgeries, including arthroplasty and arthrodesis.
Correlates of Systolic Hypertension in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is predominantly systolic. The contribution of risk factors for hypertension to the overall systolic blood pressure (BP) is unknown. To study the relationship between risk factors for hypertension and systolic BP in patients with CKD, 232 veterans (mean age 67 years; 96% men; 20% black; 39% with diabetes mellitus; estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] 48 mL/min per 1.73 m2) had clinic (routine and standardized measurements) and out-of-clinic (home and 24-hour ambulatory) BPs recorded. In multivariate analysis, using 17 risk factors, the log of the urine protein/creatinine ratio was the strongest predictor of systolic BP regardless of the BP measurement technique. The strength of the relationship between proteinuria and systolic BP was in the order ambulatory > home > standardized clinic > routine clinic BP measurement. Other independent predictors were age, race, and number of antihypertensive drugs used, and the model fit was better for out-of-clinic than clinic BP recordings. Estimated GFR was not an independent predictor of systolic BP by any technique. Nocturnal dipping was associated with higher estimated GFR, higher serum albumin, younger age, and less proteinuria. Proteinuria is the most important correlate of systolic BP in older men, the strongest relationship of which was with ambulatory and home systolic BP. Out-of-clinic BP recordings correlate better with target organ damage, as measured by proteinuria, and may be of greater clinical value than clinic BP recordings in predicting hypertension-related outcomes such as end-stage renal disease and death.
Measuring wildland fire leadership: the crewmember perceived leadership scale

The aims of this research were to develop and test a scale used to measure leadership in wildland firefighting using two samples of USA wildland firefighters. The first collection of data occurred in the spring and early summer and consisted of an online survey. The second set of data was collected towards late summer and early fall (autumn). The second set of data was collected via hard-copy surveys that were mailed in by respondents who were recruited via email and in person at large wildland fires. Through confirmatory factor analyses, a three-factor, higher-order, multidimensional structure of leadership in wildland fire was supported. The Crewmember Perceived Leadership Scale consists of perceptions of competent decision-making, personal genuineness and integrity of supervisors as seen by their subordinates. Initial evidence of reliability and validity was supported during the first study of this research. Results from Study 1 indicate that higher rankings of fire leaders by their crewmembers was related to higher worker engagement and job satisfaction. The second study included an additional five items to rate fire leaders; the structure of the three leadership components was again supported. Implications for leadership development in wildland fire, future research and practice are discussed.
Biofeedback-assisted relaxation in migraine headache: relationship to cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery.

Objective.—To determine if migraineurs with aura respond differently to biofeedback/relaxation than those without aura and, if so, whether the variability in outcome can be explained by blood flow velocity. Background.—The relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and treatment response to biofeedback/ relaxation in migraine with and without aura is uncertain. Method.—Twenty migraineurs underwent 12 sessions of biofeedback/relaxation therapy, while 20 controls simply were told to relax on their own. Cerebral blood flow velocity was measured bilaterally in the middle cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler. Results.—The biofeedback group showed significant ( P � .05) reductions in pain, depression, and anxiety compared to the control group. Patients with and without aura did equally well. There were significant ( P � .05) left to right blood flow velocity differences only in the migraine with aura group. Maximum blood flow velocities were significantly higher ( P � .05) in the migraine with aura group than in the cohort without aura. There was an inverse correlation between indicators of anxiety and blood flow velocity, perhaps related to hyperventilationinduced constriction in the small vessels distal to the middle cerebral artery. Conclusion.—The positive treatment response to biofeedback/relaxation in migraine headache is not related to presence of aura, nor to changes in blood flow velocity, but may be associated with reduction in anxiety and depression.
Spectra of Classical Novae During Outburst

Classical novae are well known for their post-outburst spectroscopic antics which result from the complex interplay between ejected material and the evolving central binary star system. Thus while we wish to measure fundamental physical properties of the nova, such as ejected mass M ej , chemical abundances, and other parameters, the observations may tell us more about the structure of the nova than we prefer to know!
Introduction to Health Sciences Librarianship

Of all of the challenges faced by librarians in the health sciences arena who choose to publish, one of the most daunting must be compiling a text about librarianship. How does one juggle the task ...
Performance Implications of Next-Generation Multi-processing Platforms on e-Business Server Applications

When running multiple e-Business server applications simultaneously on the same hardware, inappropriate CPU sharing may endanger the performance stability for individual applications. Robustness and manageability are critical for Java server applications on emerging multi-processing hardware platforms. This paper investigates the performance implications of multiprocessing (including SMP and CMP) systems on highly parallel Java server applications. It also evaluates the feasibility and benefits of partitioning the processor cores among multiple applications. By experimenting the JGF benchmark, a comparison is provided to the synchronization behaviors in different primitives, on different hardware configurations. Cache contention, thread migration are all factors to be considered when perform thread affinity setting. The feasibility of enhancing dependability of each server application is experimented with a pseudoJBB benchmark. The performance evaluation and analysis show that it is practical of avoiding performance interferences among highly parallel, CPU-intensive server applications by restricting thread migration. Effective performance isolation can be achieved along with performance gain.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes of retroperitoneal and transperitoneal minimally invasive partial nephrectomy after adjusting for tumor complexity.

Objective To evaluate and compare perioperative outcomes of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal (RP) laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomies (LPNs) while adjusting for tumor complexity. Materials and Methods Retrospective review was conducted of 191 patients who underwent transperitoneal (n = 116) or RP (n = 75) LPN. To adjust for tumor complexity, individual components of the radius, exophytic or endophytic properties, nearness to the collecting system or sinus, anterior or posterior location, and location in reference to polar lines (R.E.N.A.L.) nephrometry score were used in multivariate linear and logistic regression models to compare perioperative outcomes between the 2 groups. A propensity approach was also used to adjust for multiple covariates. Investigated outcomes included estimated blood loss (EBL), ischemia and operative times, length of hospital stay, margin status, opioid use, postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, complications within 30 days, and readmission rates. Results Tumors resected by RPLPN were more likely to have lower complexity score by nephrometry (P = .04). Four of the 5 components of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score were significantly different between the groups. After adjustment for these factors, a lower EBL was noted in the RP group (β, −97; 95% confidence interval, −156 to −39; P = .001). Risk of readmission for the RP group was significantly lower (odds ratio, 0.15; P = .024) using propensity analysis. Conclusion Using adjustment for tumor complexity, RPLPN was associated with lower EBL and readmission rates supporting the potential clinical advantage for this approach when feasible.
Activity-based synthesized frame generation in 3DTI video

In view of the high resource demand of 3D Tele-immersion (3DTI), we propose a user activity-based resource adaptation scheme that adjusts the compression ratio of 3DTI videos according to the user activity. The compression technique we designed is based on the frame synthesis via feature-based morphing. This technique is customized for 3DTI video due to the special properties of its scenes and the depth information provided by the system. Via a machine learning approach, our system can classify the user's current activity and choose the most suitable priority among temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and resource consumption in the adaptation. Our results show that the resource saving can reach up to 25% without perceptible degradation of the 3DTI videos.
Determinants of myocardial recovery in myocarditis has the time come for molecular fingerprinting

The clinical presentation of viral myocarditis is quite variable, ranging from asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction to fulminant heart failure culminating in death. Although longitudinal follow-up studies of patients with suspected viral myocarditis suggest that spontaneous recovery of
Antibiotics and Resistance, with an Emphasis on Aminoglycosides

The purpose of this chapter is three-fold, (1) to present the general situation for antibiotic production and resistance, (2) to focus on biology of aminoglycoside antibiotics that block protein synthesis, and (3) to suggest strategies to enhance the effectiveness of this class of antibiotics so that they can have a longer useful life within the clinic—even when they are heavily used.
Ron Rivest: Mathematical Gifts

Rivest is known as the ‘R’ in the RSA cryptosystem, which after four decades has yet to find peers in simplicity, utility, and beauty. This chapter discusses similar presents in mathematics including another from Rivest about elusive Boolean functions.
Measuring Thermomechanical Properties of AA7050 Near the Solidus Temperature

The flow stress and ultimate tensile stress of the solid–liquid mushy zone of AA7050 were measured at solid fractions greater than 0.9 using a tensile testing procedure modified to capture the non-equilibrium microstructural conditions in castings. Tensile testing was conducted by reheating as-cast AA7050 tensile bars above the equilibrium solidus to produce an interdendritic liquid region. The samples were then cooled to the solidus temperature calculated by either the lever rule or Scheil analysis. The samples were strained at different temperatures during the cooling stage. This method produced much lower stress values than heating the specimen directly to the desired test temperature. Microstructures and fracture surfaces after testing using the modified procedure were compared to those of the original as-cast microstructure, confirming the presence of an interdendritic liquid film during testing.
Oral History, Community and Displacement: Imagining Memories in Post-Apartheid South Africa

This recent addition to Palgrave’s Studies in Oral History series brings together a collection of leading South African oral historian Sean Field’s previously published essays, plus a few new essay...
GenoMatrix: A Software Package for Pedigree-Based and Genomic Prediction Analyses on Complex Traits

Genomic and pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction methodologies (G-BLUP and P-BLUP) have proven themselves efficient for partitioning the phenotypic variance of complex traits into its components, estimating the individuals' genetic merits, and predicting unobserved (or yet-to-be observed) phenotypes in many species and fields of study. The GenoMatrix software, presented here, is a user-friendly package to facilitate the process of using genome-wide marker data and parentage information for G-BLUP and P-BLUP analyses on complex traits. It provides users with a collection of applications which help them on a set of tasks from performing quality control on data to constructing and manipulating the genomic and pedigree-based relationship matrices and obtaining their inverses. Such matrices will be then used in downstream analyses by other statistical packages. The package also enables users to obtain predicted values for unobserved individuals based on the genetic values of observed related individuals. GenoMatrix is available to the research community as a Windows 64bit executable and can be downloaded free of charge at: http://compbio.ufl.edu/software/genomatrix/.
Tuning Physical and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanowire Arrays Grown on Cotton Fibers

This article reports the first systematic study on the quantitative relationship between the process parameters of solution concentration ratio, structure, and physical and optical properties of ZnO nanowires grown on cotton surfaces. To develop a fundamental understanding concerning the process–structure–activity relations, we grew a series of well-defined, radially oriented, highly dense, and uniform single-crystalline ZnO nanorods and nanoneedles on cotton surfaces by a simple and inexpensive two-step optimized hydrothermal process at a relatively low temperature. This process involves seed treatment of a cotton substrate with ZnO nanocrystals that will serve as the nucleation sites for subsequent anisotropic growth of single crystalline ZnO nanowires. All of the ZnO nanowires exhibit wurtzite crystal structure oriented along the c-axis. For investigating structure-controlled properties, seed-to-growth solutions concentrations ratio ([S]/[G]) of the synthesis process was varied over six different value...
la energía como motor principal de la política exterior de catar

Catar es uno de los paises mas pequenos del mundo, con cerca de un cuarto de millon de poblacion autoctona. A pesar de estas limitaciones geograficas y demograficas, Doha se ha establecido como un jugador principal en las escenas regional e internacional. Una medida fundamental tras este ascenso es la acumulacion de los enormes beneficios generados por el petroleo y el gas natural. Este articulo examina el papel que los activos relacionados con los hidrocarburos han jugado en las transformaciones interna y externa de la politica de Catar y las estrategias propuestas para mitigar el impacto de la fuerte caida del precio del petroleo desde junio de 2014.
Role of the global fund AIDS program on prevention and control in Zhaotong

Through implementing the Global Fund AIDS Program in Zhaotong,promoting the mechanism of multi-sectoral cooperation,intervention model establishment and application.specially has an important complement effect on the task completion,behavioral interventions for high-risk AIDS subpopulations,HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy,condom use and abilities of management staff and so forth,has obtained the good effect.
Analysis of short circuit calculation based on PSASP

With the increase of loads and components in power grid,the sharp increase of short circuit current will be induced. So it is very important to carry out the analysis of short circuit calculation. The primary function of PSASP short circuit calculation is introduced. The general calculation of 500kV and 220kV station′s short circuit current in some province are carried out by PSASP. Because some stations′ short circuit current exceed the standard, the corresponding measures and suggestions are proposed. Finally, an analysis of 500kV and 220kV station′s short circuit current is carried out after opening the electromagnetic loop in 2010. These conclusions can provide reliable basis for the safty operation of power grid.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Suixi County,Anhui Province,2008—2010

OBJECTIVE Analyzes the Anhui Province Suixi County 2008—2010 year Hand-foot-mouth Disease (HFMD)popular characteristic,proposes the control measure.METHDOS Uses the descriptive epidemiology method,uses Excel 2003 to carry on the statistical analysis for HFMD epidemic situation.RESULTS A total of 2207 HFMD cases were reported in Suixi county from 2008 to 2010,the annual average reported incidence rate of HFMD was 61.7/ lakh,the incidence of HFMD is growing every year,In severe cases of 12 cases,accounting for 0.54% of the total number of disease,no death case report.All the towns have report;Disease mainly concentrated in 3—8 months time,accounting for 89.81% of the total incidence;The crowd scattered in children is given priority to,accounting for 94.06% of the total number of disease;Concentrated in the age of 4 years of age,accounting for 95.38% of the total incidence;Male and female incidence ratio of 2.14∶1(χ2=245.83,P 0.01);Pathogen monitoring display EV71 and Cox A16 type type is caused by the county's main strain of HFMD,EV71 is a severe risk factors.CONCLUSION The prevention and control situation is still stern,attention should be focused on 3 to 8 of the outbreak in the spring and summer of dynamic,4 years of the following scattered children is the key work of prevention and control objects.HFMD monitoring the implementation of early detection,isolation and treatment of medical technology,focusing on population health education,comprehensive prevention and control measures.and reach early found that,early report,early isolation,early treatment is the key to prevention and control of HFMD.
Amino acid uptake in the developing chick embryo heart. The effect of insulin on α-aminoisobutyric acid accumulation

1. The uptake of 14 C-labelled α-aminoisobutyric acid by 5-day-old chick embryo hearts was investigated in vitro , together with the effect of insulin thereon. 2. At equilibrium the distribution ratio of this amino acid analogue between intracellular and extracellular water attained values greater than unity. Insulin enhanced the rate of α-aminoisobutyric acid accumulation and increased the value of its final concentration in the cell water. 3. The rate of α-aminoisobutyric acid accumulation and the effect of insulin on it were independent of the presence of glucose in the incubation medium. Bovine and chicken insulin were equally effective, and the action of the hormone was specifically prevented by an anti-insulin serum but not by puromycin. 4. A linear relationship was observed between the intracellular accumulation of the analogue and the logarithm of the insulin concentration in the range 50μunits–100m-units/ml. of incubation medium. 5. Evidence was obtained for the occurrence of two different transport processes for α-aminoisobutyric acid in the chick embryo heart: one subject to saturation and one that was not saturated by reasonable concentrations of the analogue. Insulin increased the effectiveness of the saturable component, increasing the maximal velocity of transport without altering the concentration for half-maximal velocity of transport, and decreased the contribution of the non-saturable component.
Mechanisms of host wasting induced by administration of cytokines in rats

This study determined the effects of chronic administration of the two principal proximate cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), on host wasting in rats. The effects were compared with those observed in a matched pair-fed group to distinguish the contribution from anorexia. Both TNF and IL-1 produced weight loss, net nitrogen loss, and skeletal muscle catabolism and increased liver weight. Such effects were independent from and additive to those resulting from semistarvation. However, under equivalent nutritional conditions, TNF infusion led to a greater effect on muscle protein catabolism and liver weight and caused liver protein anabolism, whereas only the group receiving IL-1 had altered glucose metabolism in the postabsorptive state. Tachyphylaxis was seen in the response of food intake over time after administration of IL-1. These actions define the two principal mechanisms for the development of protein calorie malnutrition that occur because of cytokine action, anorexia producing semistarvation and an increased net protein catabolic rate reducing anabolic efficiency.
Aids Risk Behaviors of Minority Youth Living in Detroit

During summer 1989, 30 Hispanic (15 men, 15 women) and 34 African American (17 men, 17 women) adolescents and young adults from Detroit participated in face-to-face interviews designed to provide preliminary descriptive data of this population’s AIDS and condom knowledge, sexual behavior, and condom and needle use behavior. Results suggest almost all knew that AIDS could be transmitted sexually or by needle sharing, and most participants knew condoms protect against AIDS. Although many sexually active participants reported using condoms, the majority reported engaging in unprotected vaginal intercourse. More Hispanic women reported episodes of unprotected intercourse than any other group. The following results may be useful in designing AIDS prevention strategies. Many participants seemed unaware of the ineffectiveness of nonlatex condoms. Hispanic female participants seemed to have a low level of knowledge concerning their own reproductive health. Small numbers of Hispanic and African American participants reported that people in their neighborhood used needles to self-administer steroids or vitamins.
Storming the citadel: decolonization and political contestation in Guinea's Futa Jallon, 1945-61

This article examines how contestation between political parties, politicians, and their supporters shaped Guinea's decolonization from 1945 to 1961. The last region to resist the rise of Sekou Toure's PDG, the Fulbe-dominated Futa Jallon – as both a political space and representation of Fulbe culture – was at the center of strategic and intellectual struggles over the shape of the postcolonial Guinean state and society. What resulted from contestation was the general belief that the Fulbe and the Futa Jallon were divergent from the rest of Guinea, a fragment in the making.
It’s Not a Rule: A Better Way to Understand the Definition of Income

In a recent article Professor Douglas Kahn explores a particular dissonance between the positive and very broad definition of income that includes all realized accessions to wealth, and what the government can and does actually attempt to tax. He then offers two limiting principles, which he posits operate as exclusions and thus eradicate the gap. Specifically, Professor Kahn suggests that the dissonance vanishes if we understand that “the income tax operates only on commercial transactions” and, as a corollary, that “joint efforts should not be treated as exchanges of services but rather as a jointly conducted activity,” which does not produce income “[w]hen the common goal has no business connection.” Professor Kahn derives these principles by examining a series of provocative hypothetical problems and suggests that these principles explain why a number of items that would seem to come within the broad positive definition of income are not in fact subject to tax despite the absence of a statutory exclusion. In Defining Income, an article we recently published, we argued that the desire for theoretical precision that prompts articles such as Professor Kahn’s has led to a long tradition of interpreting the definition of income as a rule. We proposed as an alternative that the definition of income be thought of as a standard — specifically, that questions about whether a particular accession to wealth constitutes income be answered by employing an all-things-considered inquiry based on the values relevant to federal income tax. Our claim was that treating income as a standard effectively addresses the puzzling gap between what the broad positive definition of income would seem to include and what is actually taxed.The commercial/noncommercial distinction that shapes Professor Kahn’s proposed principles functions as a rule. In this Essay we propose a thought experiment: What if we were to think about the problems Professor Kahn poses from the perspective of income-as-standard? Doing so would allow us to explore the utility of such an approach concretely. We therefore consider the precise issues Professor Kahn discusses, but use an income-as-standard approach. Having contrasted the two approaches, we return to the conclusion we reached in Defining Income: standards have important virtues that make them superior to rules for resolving some fundamental questions in federal income tax law. Contemporary tax analysis often assumes that all tax formulations are rules; we believe we have shown that while many are, income is not.
Properties and sizing methods of 2-motor transmissions

AbstractThe hydrostatic transmissions are often used to operate the drive train of off-road machines (wheeled or tracked) due to their advantages, e.g. compact size, little inertia, wide speed range, dynamic braking. Since the typical transmission with one pump and one motor (named Type A for convenience) features a rather limited application range – i.e. compatibility of specifications in terms of engine power, maximum traction and top speed – the paper reviews three improvementes to expand it without introducing too much complexity: the addition of a gearbox in series (Type B), and two alternative schemes with two motors: fixed and variable (Type C), or both variable (Type D). The constraints on size, setting and speed of the main hydraulic units dictated by each of the configurations are disclosed and their consistent design rules are discussed in detail on the basis of discrete series of heavy duty pumps and motors taken from the technical literature. To highlight the realistic implementation of the t...
Geographic Information, Maps, and GIS

The purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with an overview of the core components of geographic information (GI), a review of map functions, and an abbreviated history of geographic information systems (GIS). The origins of the map, map functions, and a discussion of place and space will provide a foundational understanding of important concepts for information professionals working with GI. This includes providing readers with a basic awareness of how maps serve as repositories for GI and its communication. Finally, a brief timeline of modern GIS is detailed, providing readers with a basic perspective on the emergence of these important tools and their role in shaping geographic information production and consumption.
Quaking Aspen in Utah: Integrating Recent Science with Management☆

On the Ground Quaking aspen is widely regarded as a key resource for humans, livestock, and wildlife with these values often competing with each other, leading to overuse of aspen in some locations and declines. Wereview trends in aspen science and management, particularly in Utah. Historically, research conducted here holds a prestigious place in international aspen circles. We highlight recent studies continuing the tradition to keep rangeland managers informed of important developments, focusing on aspen functional types, historical cover change and climate warming, ungulate herbivory, and disturbance interactions.
Some Principles of Decision Making under Uncertainty in Long-Term Treatment Situations

Comparative information from field notes of four studies of long-term treatment institutions form the basis for developing propositions about decisions made under conditions of uncertainty. These propositions fall under the general rubrics of decision making when action involves danger, when decisions are made to control clients' or subordinates' behavior, and when a choice must be made between alternatives. The propositions are illustrated with examples taken from the
Area of the fetal heart's four-chamber view: a practical screening tool to improve detection of cardiac abnormalities in a low-risk population

Objective The objective of this article is to evaluate whether the area of the four-chamber view of the fetal heart computed from two orthogonal diameters could be used to screen for cardiac malformations. Methods Two hundred control fetuses were examined between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation. The end-diastolic area was computed from the orthogonal basal-apical and transverse diameters obtained from the four-chamber view. Regression analysis of the computed area versus six independent variables was performed between 20 and 40 weeks. Fetuses with major heart defects were identified from a low-risk population of 4352 fetuses undergoing second-trimester or third-trimester screening ultrasound. The end-diastolic area was derived and the Z-score and centile computed. An area greater than the 95th centile was considered to be abnormal. Results From the screening population, the incidence of major heart defects was 2.8/1000. Of the 12 fetuses with major heart defects, 50% (6/12) demonstrated an area greater than the 95th centile. Of the fetuses with an enlarged heart, 66% (4/6) had outflow tract abnormalities. Conclusions Measurements of the orthogonal basal-apical and transverse diameters can be used to compute the area of the four-chamber view. Fetuses with major heart defects who have an enlarged heart can be identified using this technique. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ECC-Assisted Postpackage Repair Methodology in Main Memory Systems

As dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) operate in the field, hard errors resulting from wearout occur. Unless corrected or repaired, hard errors halt normal operations, degrading the performance of a system and causing the replacement of memory modules. To improve performance and availability of memory modules, error-correcting codes (ECCs) are employed in a memory system. However, since recent field studies on DRAM errors have shown that a correctable error is highly likely to result in another error with the same address and in the same column or row, incorporating ECCs for mitigating not only soft errors but also hard errors in field operations is insufficient for ensuring reliable field operations. We propose a methodology that detects and repairs aging errors in DRAMs while operating in the field. We propose a methodology that reconfigures the remaining redundant resources after manufacturing-level repair into postpackage redundant resources. We also propose an ECC-assisted postpackage repair (PPR) flow that detects an error, identifies the type and location of the error, and invokes PPR for aging errors without built-in self-test/repair circuits. Employing a 2-GB ECC–dual in-line memory module of data-rate type three synchronous dynamic random access memories as a case study, we demonstrate that our PPR scheme improves the lifetime of DRAMs.