cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Experiments with Cyproterone Acetate and 1‐Amino‐3‐Chloro‐2‐Propanol Hydrochloride in the Male Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Cyproterone acetate (CA) was toxic for Didelphis virginiana at a dose range of 22-28 mg/kg IM. A loss of spermatozoal pairing int the cauda epididymidis did not occur until 2 wk after testicular degeneration caused by CA. The isomers of 1-amino-3-chloro-2-propanol hydrochloride (CL 88,236 and CL 88,237) were well tolerated by the opossum at doses up to 30 mg/kg IM. After 8 days of CL 88,236 and CL 88,237 treatment there was no effect on spermatozoal pairing in the cauda epididymidis or on the seminiferous epithelium.
The Role of Masturbation in the Treatment of Orgasmic Dysfunction

This chapter reports on the use of masturbation in the treatment of women who have never experienced orgasm (primary orgasmic dysfunction). A nine-step program was developed by the authors that includes directed masturbation in conjunction with sensate pleasuring and other therapy procedures.
Cyclic nucleotide levels in the perfused rat heart subjected to hypoxia

Isolated rat hearts were subjected to hypoxic perfusion on a recirculating Langendorff apparatus. Following a 30-min-period of aerobic stabilization the hearts were perfused for 30 min with media equilibrated with 84% N2, 12% O2 and 4% CO2. At the end of the hypoxic period myocardial concentrations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were determined by radioimmunoassay. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in cyclic AMP (p<0.01) and a decrease in cyclic GMP (p<0.05) as compared to hearts perfused for 60 min with media gassed with 96% O2, 4% CO2.
GLC Determination of Aprindine: Quantitation and Stability Measurement

A GLC method of analysis of a new antiarrhythmic agent, aprindine, is described. The raw material of the new drug substance, supplied as the hydrochloride salt, is dissolved in deionized water, and the base is liberated by a 10% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. Aprindine is extracted with chloroform and mixed with the internal standard, 5α‐cholestane. GLC is performed on a glass column packed with 3.8% W‐98 on Chromosorb W‐HP. Quantitation is achieved by computer calculation of the peak area ratios. GLC‐mass spectral analysis indicates that the observed peak is that of aprindine, with a molecular ion at m/e 322. The retention times of aprindine and the internal standard are 2.0 and 5.8 min, respectively. All synthetic precursors show a shorter retention time than aprindine. This GLC method is applied to the quantitative determination of aprindine as raw material and in capsule and ampul formulations. The method is also used to measure the stability of aprindine to acid, base, dry heat, refluxing, and UV light and to pH variations.
Fieldwork, Identities, and Intersectionality: Negotiating Gender, Race, Class, Religion, Nationality, and Age in the Research Field Abroad: Editors' Introduction

Political scientists who have conducted research abroad experience excitement as well as great disappointment. Meeting and utilizing the help of knowledgeable, responsive interviewees can be exhilarating; yet a cancelled interview, illness, and lack of funds dampens the social scientific enterprise. In this symposium, we discuss the nuts and bolts of field research and we explore the constraints and opportunities that arise from the interaction of researchers' personal identities (gender, race, class, religion, nationality, and age) and their research context. We contend that most training received before fieldwork focuses little, if at all, on the personal consequences of leaving one's home for a year, trying to integrate into another culture, and facing (mis)perceptions based on one's identity. As the quotations above indicate, the symposium hopes to demonstrate how a researcher can be gutsy in the uncharted waters of fieldwork, especially with interactions pertaining to one's identities. Although we acknowledge that no preparation will entirely eradicate disappointing days in the field and misperceptions of identity, we encourage new field researchers and graduate students to be aware that the process of accessing data abroad is an intensely personal one. The symposium contributors are comparativists, mainly at the career stages of assistant professor and recently tenured professor, who have researched in Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Increasing research in primary care: Critical for consolidating nurses’ position in the primary health care team?

Escalating rates of chronic conditions, health inequities and workforce shortages challenge health care systems globally (World Health Organization [WHO] 2003). Nurses work in both autonomous and collaborative care practice settings (International Council of Nursing nd). Across the life span and a range of conditions nurses intervene to improve health outcomes for individuals, families and communities.Since the World Health Organization's Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978 (WHO 1978), health care systems have looked to the primary care setting for driving health care reforms. Primary care refers to health care, based on the best available evidence and culturally appropriate methods, which is readily accessible to people in their communities (WHO 2003). Promoting community development; health promotion; illness prevention; and care of people who are unwell are key initiatives of nurses internationally and are increasing in importance.In developed societies, the general practice setting is a focus of primary care nursing interventions. In general practice, nurses play a critical role in working with health professionals and community health workers to improve the health outcomes of individuals, families and communities. Advances in General Practice Nursing (ISBN 978-0-9757710-3-7) provides a thoughtprovoking comment on nurses working in an evolving sphere of nursing practice. Although nurses have worked in the primary care setting for many years, the role and scope of practice is not as well described as other areas of nursing practice, primarily due to the limited research and scholarship compared with their acute and critical care colleagues.In 'Meeting a primary care challenge in the United States: Chronic illness care' (this issue: 94-103), Saxe et al. (2007), a nurse practitioner, describes how advance practice nursing can improve outcomes for chronic illness in the community. Somchit Hanuafiarurnkul (this issue: 83-93) provides an insight into the nurse practitioner model in Thailand and how this model is culturally acceptable and appropriate. Descriptions of nurses working in collaborative models in Advances in General Practice Nursing demonstrate that nurses share common challenges in scoping their practice and achieving a harmonious working relationship with their medical colleagues. Reports from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom in this issue show that interprofessional dynamics, a limited evidence base for practice, and funding models are common issues. Increasing research in primary care will be important in systematically addressing these challenges and identifying enabling factors.Clinical research appropriate to the primary care setting is critical in informing policy development and demonstrating nurses' contribution to health outcomes. …
Fast eye detection using different color spaces

This paper presents a fast method for detecting the center of the eye in color face images using different color spaces. Specifically, this method consists of three stages. First, a color face image is transformed from the RGB color space to the YUV color space to extract the U color component image, whose binary image is utilized by projection functions to roughly locate the eye boundaries. Second, the center of the eye is identified within the eye boundaries through two different approaches: one approach converts the RGB image to a gray scale image and pinpoints the center of the eye with the lowest intensity value, while the other approach transforms the color image from the RGB color space to the HSV color space and singles out the center of the eye with the largest intensity variation compared with its 8-neighbors in the H color component image. Note that the better result due to these two approaches is chosen as the center of the eye. Finally, the center of the eye is adjusted based on the prior knowledge of anthropometry for further improving the accuracy of eye detection. Experiments using 974 randomly chosen Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) images show the feasibility of our eye detection method. In particular, the eye detection rate of both eye centers being accurately detected is 95.4%.
Application of acoustic metrology for detection of plate thickness change

Dimensional control is one of the most important procedures in the manufacturing process. As the acoustic properties of an object depend closely on the geometry of its structure, the resonant frequencies of a product can be used to monitor its dimensional change. In this paper, the thickness changes of a rectangular plate are studied intensively. Plate thickness is primarily measured by micrometers. This process is tedious and time consuming, especially when the size of the plates is large. Therefore, a technique that can easily monitor thickness change is highly desirable. Through both experimental and theoretical studies, it is found that the technique presented in this paper is sensitive to thickness change, and thickness changes of less than 0.01 mm can be detected. Acoustic metrology appears to be able to provide an alternative for the plate thickness inspection processes.
Statistical Dynamics of the Lorenz Model

The dynamics of the Lorenz model in the “turbulent” regime (r>r T is investigated by applying methods for treating many-body systems. Symmetry properties are used to derive relations between correlation functions. The basic ones are evaluated numerically and discussed for several values of the parameterr. A theory for the spectra of the two independent relaxation functions is presented using a dispersion relation representation in terms of relaxation kernels and characteristic frequencies. Their role in the dynamics of the system is discussed and it is shown that their numerical values increase in proportion to √r. The approximation of the relaxation kernels that represent nonlinear coupling between the variables by a relaxation time expression and a simple mode coupling approximation, respectively, is shown to explain the two different fluctuation spectra. The coupling strength for the modes is determined by a Kubo relation imposing selfconsistency. Comparison with the “experimental” spectra is made for three values ofr.
Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli

Abstract Background The cortical circuitry involved in conscious cognitive processes and the subcortical circuitry involved in fear responses have been extensively studied with neuroimaging, but their interactions remain largely unexplored. A recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study demonstrated that the engagement of the right prefrontal cortex during the cognitive evaluation of angry and fearful facial expressions is associated with an attenuation of the response of the amygdala to these same stimuli, providing evidence for a functional neural network for emotional regulation. Methods In the current study, we have explored the generalizability of this functional network by using threatening and fearful non-face stimuli derived from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), as well as the influence of this network on peripheral autonomic responses. Results Similar to the earlier findings with facial expressions, blood oxygen level dependent fMRI revealed that whereas perceptual processing of IAPS stimuli was associated with a bilateral amygdala response, cognitive evaluation of these same stimuli was associated with attenuation of this amygdala response and a correlated increase in response of the right prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, this pattern was reflected in changes in skin conductance. Conclusions The current results further implicate the importance of neocortical regions, including the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, in regulating emotional responses mediated by the amygdala through conscious evaluation and appraisal.
Numerical analysis of GTA welding process with emphasis on post-solidification phase transformation effects on residual stresses

The objective of this work was to analyze the residual stress state in spot welds made in an HY-100 steel disk by an autogenous gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding process. An uncoupled thermal-mechanical finite element (FE) model was developed that took into account the effects of liquid-to-solid and solid-state phase transformations. Effects of variations in mechanical properties due to solid-state phase transformations on residual stresses in the weld were studied. Extensive experimental testing was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of HY-100 steel. The residual stresses in the disk with the spot weld were measured by a neutron diffraction (ND) technique. The FE results are in good agreement with the ND measurements. The results show that the volumetric changes associated with the austenite to martensite phase transformation in HY-100 steel significantly affect residual stresses in the weld fusion zone and the heat affected zone.
Mesosphere inversion layers and stratosphere temperature enhancements

[1] It has been known for at least 30 years that vertically narrow thermal layers form within the middle atmosphere. Two types of temperature enhancements, the low-latitude to midlatitude mesosphere inversion layer (MIL) and the high-latitude winter stratosphere temperature enhancement (STE), have both received much attention within the atmospheric science community because of their unexplained formation mechanisms and potential impacts on the middle-atmosphere global circulation. Numerous experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies have attempted to explain certain aspects of these respective thermal layers, but no one theory consistently and satisfactorily describes all the features observed. We present a review of the literature and explicitly propose a classification scheme based on the different formation mechanisms suspected to cause these events. For the MIL we demonstrate that there are two subtypes. The first one is tidally driven and tends to occur above ∼85 km. This MIL originates from large-amplitude tidal waves propagating into the mesosphere and their subsequent nonlinear interactions with gravity waves, which can often create the appearance of a “double MIL” separated by approximately one vertical tidal wavelength (∼25 km). The other subtype of MIL is formed by a climatological planetary wave dissipation mechanism that occurs at a zero-wind line. The dissipation of the planetary wave tends to generate a mesoscale (∼1000 km) inversion layer in the range of 65–80 km. These two formation mechanisms explain a host of observed characteristics, including the reason behind the downward progression of some MILs and not others, the different climatological nature of the two forms of MIL events, and the relative scarcity of MIL observations at high latitudes. The STE is believed to be generated by an altogether different process, namely, the nonlinear interaction between the polar vortex and planetary waves/Aleutian High. The induced temperatures typically peak around 40 km and often exceed 300 K, generating what appears to be a “low, hot stratopause.” When vertical temperature profiles are combined with synoptic analyses, one observes that the STE is the consequence of high-latitude vortex interactions creating a baroclinic atmosphere, i.e., a downward adiabatic compression induced by an ageostropic flow. We summarize the details of the relationship between this feature and sudden stratospheric warmings, as well as the potential for in situ gravity wave generation. We close with a review of currently unexplained MIL/STE features and offer new directions for future middle-atmosphere thermal layer research.
Distance dependence of electron transfer across peptides with different secondary structures: the role of Peptide energetics and electronic coupling.

The charge-transfer transition energies and the electronic-coupling matrix element, |HDA|, for electron transfer from aminopyridine (ap) to the 4-carbonyl-2,2‘-bipyridine (cbpy) in cbpy-(gly)n-ap (gly = glycine, n = 0−6) molecules were calculated using the Zerner's INDO/S, together with the Cave and Newton methods. The oligopeptide linkages used were those of the idealized protein secondary structures, the α-helix, 310-helix, β-strand, and polyproline I- and II-helices. The charge-transfer transition energies are influenced by the magnitude and direction of the dipole generated by the peptide secondary structure. The electronic coupling |HDA| between (cbpy) and (ap) is also dependent on the nature of the secondary structure of the peptide. A plot of 2·ln|HDA| versus the charge-transfer distance (assumed to be the dipole moment change between the ground state and the charge-transfer states) showed that the polyproline II structure is a more efficient bridge for long-distance electron-transfer reactions (β ...
Economics of coal energy for irrigation pumping

Abstract The economics of using coal as an energy source to drive irrigation pumps is evaluated as a possible alternative to electric energy. Off-the-shelf components are evaluated in a computer model that makes a comparative study of coal-fired systems and electric systems. The computer model aids in the decision making process by presenting an evaluation of a particular irrigation requisite in terms of life cycle costing. The economics indicate that under the conditions existing in most western states, coal energy is the most favorable resource when compared with electricity over a 25 year period.
Stabilized Analogs of Thymopentin. 1. 4,5-Ketomethylene Pseudopeptides

The pentapeptide, thymopentin (Arg1-Lys2-Asp3-Val4-Tyr5) is known for its activity as an immunomodulating drug, but with limited half-life in plasma. In this first paper of a series of three studies, the synthesis of analogs stabilized at the peptide bond between the C-terminal amino acids via insertion of a ketomethylene moiety is described. N-Blocked pseudopeptides containing Val(k)Phe, Ala(k)Phe, and Val(k)Val units were prepared and attached to chloromethyl Merrifield resin via the carboxy terminal. Removal of the N-BOC group by trifluoroacetic acid was followed by sequential coupling with N-BOC dipeptides of aspartic acid to yield resin-bound N-BOC pseudotetrapeptides. Removal of N-BOC and coupling with N-BOC-r-N-tosylarginine followed by total cleavage of blocking groups and resin by HF afforded the target pseudopentapeptides. The analogs were found to compete favorably with thymopentin for binding to CEM cells, but binding was reduced by about 20-30% on average. All analogs showed significant enhancement of half-life versus thymopentin in mouse serum, but most showed only modest improvement in human serum. Insertion of proline or norleucine at position 2 in the chain caused a substantial increase in half-life (3-4-fold), while N-methylnorleucine conferred complete stability in the analogs.
Differential activation of the bean chalcone synthase gene in transgenic tobacco by compatible and incompatible strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum

Abstract Transgenic tobacco plants containing the bean chalcone synthase (CHS8)-β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion were inoculated with compatible (K60) and incompatible (B1) strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum to study the functional properties of the CHS8 gene during the wilt symptom development and the hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tobacco. Our results showed that CHS8 promoter was rapidly but differentially activated by K60 and B1 in transgenic tobacco. The temporal induction pattern established by B1 showed a faster increase and higher magnitude of GUS activity than that elicited by K60. Results from spatial pattern analysis indicated that induction of the CHS8 gene by both K60 and B1 is localized surrounding the bacterial infiltrated area. Induction of the CHS8 gene is remarkably elevated by infiltration with the heat-killed cells of K60 or B1. Our results suggest that expression of the bean CHS8 gene in response to microbial infection is conserved in tobacco.
The effect of fetal bovine serum on polyene macrolide antibiotic cytotoxicity and antifungal activity.

The relationships between fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration and polyene macrolide antibiotic cytotoxicity to animal cells and to fungi were evaluated. The toxicity of amphotericin B (AB) and its derivative, amphotericin B methyl ester (AME), toward KB cells was found to be directly related to fetal bovine serum concentration. At higher FBS levels, increased concentrations of AB and AME were required to reduce 72-hr KB viable cell numbers to 50% of control values. Similarly, polyene macrolide antibiotic levels required to inhibit the growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae to 50% of controls, and for obtaining minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC), were greater when higher levels of FBS were used. In addition, AME was less toxic than AB toward KB cells grown in media containing 2, 5, 10, 15 or 20% FBS, whereas the antifungal activities of AB and AME were similar. AME was also capable of eliminatingCandida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger orFusarium moniliforme from KB cultures at antibiotic levels which exhibited less cell toxicity than did the concentrations of AB required for a similar response. These findings indicate that AME may be a potentially useful antifungal antibiotic for tissue culture systems.
Construction of dissipative particle dynamics models for complex fluids via the Mori-Zwanzig formulation.

We present a bottom-up coarse-graining procedure to construct mesoscopic force fields directly from microscopic dynamics. By grouping many bonded atoms in the molecular dynamics (MD) system into a single cluster, we compute both the conservative and non-conservative interactions between neighboring clusters. In particular, we perform MD simulations of polymer melts to provide microscopic trajectories for evaluating coarse-grained (CG) interactions. Subsequently, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is considered as the effective dynamics resulting from the Mori–Zwanzig (MZ) projection of the underlying atomistic dynamics. The forces between finite-size clusters have, in general, both radial and transverse components and hence we employ four different DPD models to account differently for such interactions. Quantitative comparisons between these DPD models indicate that the DPD models with MZ-guided force fields yield much better static and dynamics properties, which are consistent with the underlying MD system, compared to standard DPD with empirical formulae. When the rotational motion of the particle is properly taken into account, the entire velocity autocorrelation function of the MD system as well as the pair correlation function can be accurately reproduced by the MD-informed DPD model. Since this coarse-graining procedure is performed on an unconstrained MD system, our framework is general and can be used in other soft matter systems in which the clusters can be faithfully defined as CG particles.
RIG-I goes beyond naked recognition.

It is currently unclear at which point during viral replication that RNA genomes are first recognized as nonself by the immune system. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Weber et al. show that incoming nucleocapsid-bound genomes are sufficient to bind and activate innate immune sensors.
Improved real-time volumetric ultrasonic imaging system

A real-time volumetric ultrasonic imaging system has been improved through the use of parallel processing in two dimensions. The imaging system uses pulse-echo phased array principles to steer a two-dimensional transducer array in a pyramidal scan format. The transducer array consists of 96 transmit elements and 32 receive elements, and operates at a center frequency of 2.5 Mhz. Parallel processing allows reception of 16 unique view directions distributed over a small pyramidal volume during receive. Information from the 16 directions is obtained simultaneously after the transmission of an ultrasonic pulse. Images consisting of 4096 lines are produced at a rate of over 15 frames/second. The images are analogous to those produced by an optical camera or the human eye and supply more information than conventional sonograms. Echo data for the scanned volume is presented as projection images with depth perspective, stereoscopic pairs, multiple tomographic images, or C-scans. Potential medical applications include improved anatomic visualization, tumor localization, and better assessment of cardiac function.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Antigen presentation: Untapped peptides

Abstract The transporters associated with antigen presentation, TAP1 and TAP2, can apparently by bypassed to allow TAP-independent presentation of peptides to T cells by MHC class i molecules.
Framing through temporal metaphor: The “bridges” of Bob Dole and Bill Clinton in their 1996 acceptance addresses

This essay argues that Bill Clinton's 1996 Acceptance Address enacted rhetorical framing through skillful use of metaphor. Dole's Acceptance Address contained an off‐handed suggestion that he would be a bridge to an earlier time of tranquility; essentially, a bridge to the past. Two weeks later Clinton insistently proposed that he would help build a “bridge to the future,”; rejecting what he represented as Dole's “bridge to the past.”; Clinton's metaphors effectively functioned as frames for favorably interpreting himself and his agenda—as well as for unfavorably interpreting Dole and his agenda. A new form of framing transformation (“metaphoric”) is identified and suggestions for effective use of metaphors are derived from the evaluation of Clinton's discourse. This case study illustrates now rhetorical critics can support claims of effects from rhetorical discourses.
Is This Referee Really My Peer? A Challenge to the Peer-Review Process:

A basic assumption of the peer-review process adopted by journals is that referees and authors are similarly knowledgeable about the topics concerned. Given the difficulty of finding qualified refe...
A new yttrium magnesium silicate garnet, Y6Mg5Si5O24 and its rare earth and nickel analogues

Abstract A new magnesium yttrium silicate garnet and its rare-earth analogues with 4 and 6 coordinated magnesium and nickel ions have been synthesized hydrothermally. Its solid solubility with yttrium aluminum garnet was investigated.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF THREE DOPAMINE AGONISTS: APOMORPHINE, BROMOCRIPTINE AND LERGOTRILE

— The ergolines are a new class of proposed dopamine receptor agonists, whose efficacy in treatment of Parkinsonism is under investigation. In order to explore the mechanisms of their action. two ergolines (bromocriptine and lergotrile) were compared to apomorphine for in vivo effects on behavior and in vitro effects on uptake and release of [3H]dopamine by brain minces. Inhibition of dopamine synthesis in vivo significantly interfered with both bromocriptine- and lergotrile-induced stereotypy, while apomorphine-induced stereotypy was not affected. Significant differences among the compounds were also seen neurochemically: bromocriptine inhibited the release of [3H]dopamine. while lergotrile increased release. Apomorphine did not affect uptake or release of [3H]dopamine. The results, of both behavioral and neurochemical experiments, suggest that two ergolines enhance dopaminergic function by action on presynaptic dopaminergic sites in addition to receptor agonism.
Cardiac morphology and function in senescent rats: gender-related differences.

Abstract Objectives. We sought to better understand the effects of aging and gender on left ventricular (LV) structure and function. Background. Cardiovascular disease in older persons is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The influence of gender on age-related cardiac changes is incompletely characterized. Methods. We studied 34 senescent, male and female, normotensive Fischer rats with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and morphometric and histopathologic analyses. Results. Male rats were larger (396 ± 31 g vs. 282 ± 35 g), and LV mass in males was greater (1.04 ± 0.22 g vs. 0.67 ± 0.13 g). However, wall and chamber dimensions normalized to body weight revealed proportionately thicker anterior and posterior walls in females. Relative wall thickness ratio (2[Diastolic posterior wall thickness]/Diastolic LV internal chamber diameter) was greater in females, but abnormal fractional shortening and diastolic filling (E/A ratio) patterns were more common in males. Significant mitral regurgitation (MR) was sevenfold more common among males (88% vs. 12%, p Conclusions. Gender-related morphologic and functional differences are important to consider in cardiovascular assessment. Very old rats show significant gender differences in LV size and function. Male rat hearts are larger, thinner and more fibrotic and have indexes of diminished performance. The high prevalence of MR in male rats may play a crucial role in these gender differences.
The Moments of Log-Weibull Order Statistics

Let X 1n ≤ X 2n ≤,…, ≤ Xnn be the order statistics of a random sample of size n. For any integrable function g(x) define E(i, n) = E(g(X in )) and M(n) = E(1, n) = E(g(X 1n )). A number of formulae expressing E(i, n) in terms of M(j), j ≤ n, are developed. For example, These results are applied to obtain the means and variances of the order statistics of a log-Weibull distribution (F(z) = 1 – exp (− exp x)). Tables of these means and variances are given for 1 ≤ i ≤ n, n = 1 (1) 50 (5) 100. The computations were made using a set of 100 decimal place logarithms of integers. Examples of the use of these tables in obtaining weighted least squares estimates from censored samples from a Weibull distribution are also given.
Analysis of the post-filling phase of the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process

The vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process uses a compliant vacuum bagging material which allows the thickness of the saturated preform to change as a function of pressure. The final thickness of the part is dependent on the post-filling phase where excess resin is bled from the preform to achieve a desired final part thickness. The flow of resin during the bleeding process is dependent on the compaction and permeability characteristics of the preform material. This paper examines the post-filling stage of the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process through finite element-based flow simulation and experimental studies. The studies focus on thick laminates where both in-plane and through thickness flows are considered. Comparisons of experimental and simulation results for two different post-filling scenarios provide insight into the post-filling phase of the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process including model validation as well as understanding of limitations of compaction/relaxa...
Human gene therapy: must we know where to stop before we start?

ABSTRACT Human genetic modification has begun without a clear consensus on where the moral boundary lines should be placed to insure that the technology of human genetic engineering is not abused. Two principal recommendations have been made for setting the boundaries. The first is between somatic cell versus germ-line correction; the second is between the amelioration of disease and the enhancement of traits. Each proposal involves a distinction and a rule. There is a dilemma in that the first case involves a well-grounded distinction but a dubious rule, while the second offers a more favored rule, but a fuzzy distinction.
Conditional male fertility in maize.

This study compares conditional male fertility (CMF) in maize and petunia. CMF is a reversible defect in pollen germination or tube growth; pollen is nonfunctional in self-crosses but fully functional in outcrosses or when supplied with specific flavonol aglycones at pollination. CMF occurs in maize and petunia mutants that lack chalcone synthase (CHS) activity and therefore do not synthesize flavonols. In maize CMF seedlings and developing male florets, CHS transcripts accumulate to high levels, yet western blot analysis using an anti-CHS antiserum does not detect any CHS protein. This is in contrast to CMF petunia, where no CHS RNA is detected (Vogt et al. 1994). While CMF petunia pollen requires flavonols to germinate, CMF maize pollen germinates and grows both in vivo and in vitro without the addition of flavonols. However, pollen tubes abort after 12 h of growth which explains the lack of seed set in self crosses (Mo et al. 1992). Pollen tubes of CMF maize have an unusual morphology in vivo, with heavy callose deposits throughout the tube and tips that burst within the silk. Normal tube morphology and seed set are restored by adding flavonols to the silks at pollination. As previously shown with petunia, fecundity (seed set) may be enhanced in maize by adding quercetin and kaempferol at pollination.
Working memory training for children with attention problems or hyperactivity: A school-based pilot study.

We piloted a computer program to train working memory for children with attention problems or hyperactivity who attended an urban public school serving economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Training was conducted daily for 5 weeks during school hours. Teachers rated children’s behaviors before and after the intervention, and standardized assessments of verbal and visuo-spatial working memory were also conducted. No attrition occurred due to an inability or unwillingness on the part of children to complete the training. Overall, children’s behavior and working memory improved following training, compared to baseline. Our findings suggest that school-based working memory training may be a viable means for treating children with attention problems or hyperactivity that warrants further investigation. This approach may also overcome barriers to care delivery for economically disadvantaged children who are known to be at higher risk for poor school outcomes.
Should Gabapentin Be Dose Adjusted: What are the Clinical Consequences?

Objective: To review the clinical necessity of renal dose adjustment of gabapentin. Data Sources: Medical literature (1966-February 2006, week 2) was accessed through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pre-MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and the manufacturer's package insert. Search terms included gabapentin, side effects/adverse effects, overdose, toxicity, and renal impairment. Literature references were consulted for relevant information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies from the data sources that were published in English were evaluated. Case reports, case series, and clinical trials with primarily adult populations were included in the review to determine the clinical necessity of dosage adjustment, including morbidity and mortality associated with dose adjustment failure. Case reports of gabapentin overdose were evaluated for clinically significant outcomes. All reports were examined for clinical relevance and adequate information to address the issue of major clinical consequences of failure to dose adjust gabapentin in specific patient populations, including renally impaired and elderly patients. Data Synthesis: The package insert suggests dose adjustment of gabapentin in patients with decreased renal function, yet published information regarding clinical consequences of gabapentin in patients is limited. Although gabapentin possesses a favorable safety profile and is generally well tolerated, there have been cases reporting serious adverse effects. While clinical studies and the majority of case reports demonstrate minimal adverse effects, there is some concern that select patients may experience serious outcomes if the drug is not dose adjusted. Conclusions: The recommendation for dosage adjustment is suitably based upon the pharmacokinetic properties of gabapentin, yet healthcare practitioners should determine the need for gabapentin dosage adjustment in specific patients. There should be continued emphasis on recommending renal dose adjustments, with the most concern applied to the elderly and patients with significant renal impairment/end-stage renal disease.
Do Candidate Positions Matter?: The Effect of the Gay Marriage Question on Gubernatorial Elections

This article demonstrates that candidate positions on the ballot measure to ban gay marriage had an effect on gubernatorial voting. With exit poll data from three states in 2006, we find that the effect of support for the ban is at least twice as large when the candidates adopted divergent positions. Support for the ban has a smaller but significant effect on vote choice when the candidate positions converge, which suggests an indiscriminate priming effect. These findings are supported with aggregate data from 45 gubernatorial races in 2004 and 2006. The analysis reveals that Republican candidates benefited if candidate positions diverged, with the Democratic candidates expressing opposition to the gay marriage ban.
The Antarctic ozone hole

Processes that may be responsible for the thinning in the ozone layer above the South Pole are described. The chlorine catalytic cycle which destroys ozone is described, as are the major types of reactions that are believed to interfere with this cycle by forming chlorine reservoirs. The suspected contributions of polar stratospheric clouds to these processes are examined. Finally, the possibility that the ozone hole may be due more to a shift in atmospheric dynamics than to chemical destruction is addressed.
Thermodynamic properties and defect structure of semiconducting compound phases: Tin telluride

Defect equilibria for binary semiconducting compound phases which exhibit ionized native donor and acceptor defects were considered, and equations describing the pressure-temperature-composition relationships for these compound phases were derived. These equations were used to analyze experimental data from the literature for tin telluride. Excellent agreement was obtained between calculated thermodynamic and phase boundary values and experimental data. The approach presented is readily extended to obtain equations for the thermodynamic properties of ternary and higher order semiconducting compound phases.
Individual variation in thermogenic capacity affects above‐ground activity of high‐altitude Deer Mice

Summary 1 Understanding an animal's ecology requires knowledge of how individual variation in behaviour and physiology interact with each other and with the environment that an animal experiences. 2 Environmental variation affects behaviour, but whether individual variation in physiological performance also affects behaviour is poorly known. 3 We studied a high-altitude population of Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) inhabiting an environment cold enough that above-ground activity (behaviour) may be limited by the thermogenic capacity (maximal rate of oxygen consumption [Vo2max] during cold exposure) of mice. 4 We measured thermogenic capacity and operative environmental temperature (an integrated measure of the thermal environment), and then used robust-design capture–mark–recapture (CMR) models to test whether the thermal environmental and individual variation in thermogenic capacity affected capture probabilities (a likely indicator of above-ground activity). 5 Models including environmental covariates and thermogenic capacity were strongly favoured over models that did not include them. 6 Our results demonstrate that individual variation in physiological performance may constrain behaviour in nature. 7 Besides contributing to our understanding of interactions in the multivariate phenotype, our results suggest that it may be possible to elucidate the mechanistic factors influencing capture probabilities. Such information could be valuable to ecologists, life historians and wildlife managers.
Partial converse for a relay channel

A special case of the general discrete memoryless relay channel is studied. This channel consists of an input x, a relay output z, a channel output y, and a noiseless channel of capacity C/sub r/ allowing the relay sender to send additional information to the decoder. The channel is described by a collection of distributions (p(y, z mod x)). The decoder uses the channel output y and a function f(z) of the relay output at a rate no greater than C/sub r/ to recover the message. Some results on the capacity of the channel are obtained. >
Diagnosis and management of exercise-induced asthma.

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) brief affects 12% to 15% of the general population. Its symptoms include chest tightness, shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, fatigue, and prolonged recovery times after exercise. Diagnosis depends on accurate history, physical examination, and lung function testing. Nonpharmacologic management includes modification of both activity and ambient conditions, along with rigorous patient education. Short-acting inhaled beta2 agonists are the pharmacologic treatment of choice for isolated and breakthrough EIA. Anti-inflammatory medications such as inhaled cromolyn sodium, nedocromil sodium, and corticosteroids are used to control underlying asthma as well as EIA. Other agents such as oral theophylline or long-acting beta agonists may be important but their roles aren't clearly defined.
Resolution of fine biological structure including small narcomedusae across a front in the Southern California Bight

[1] We sampled a front detected by SST gradient, ocean color imagery, and a Spray glider south of San Nicolas Island in the Southern California Bight between 14 and 18 October 2010. We sampled the front with an unusually extensive array of instrumentation, including the Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES), the undulating In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) (fitted with temperature, salinity, oxygen, and fluorescence sensors), multifrequency acoustics, a surface pelagic trawl, a bongo net, and a neuston net. We found higher fluorescence and greater cladoceran, decapod, and euphausiid densities in the front, indicating increased primary and secondary production. Mesopelagic fish were most abundant in oceanic waters to the west of the front, market squid were abundant in the front associated with higher krill and decapod densities, and jack mackerel were most common in the front and on the shoreward side of the front. Egg densities peaked to either side of the front, consistent with both offshore (for oceanic squid and mesopelagic fish) and shelf origins (for white croaker and California halibut). We discovered unusually high concentrations of predatory narcomedusae in the surface layer of the frontal zone. Potential ichthyoplankton predators were more abundant either in the front (decapods, euphausiids, and squid) or shoreward of the front (medusae, chaetognaths, and jack mackerel). For pelagic fish like sardine, which can thrive in less productive waters, the safest place to spawn would be offshore because there are fewer potential predators.
Probabilistic micromechanical model for two-dimensional slow particulate flow: Dry friction

Abstract This paper presents a probabilistic micromechanical model for the slow shearing motion of particulate systems dominated by inter-particle frictional forces. A particle can either slide, roll or jump relative to neighboring particles, or can be involved in a solid body rotation. The flow phenomenon is viewed as a Markov process in discrete time and continuous space. The relative position vector between a pair of neighboring particles is taken as the primary variable in the probabilistic approach. The physical constrains are implemented by considering the dynamic equilibrium of a particle interacting with its surrounding particles. The two-dimensional idealized motion of circular cylinders with negligible effects of the interstitial fluid is analyzed in detail in this paper. The macroscopic properties and rheological behavior are predicted starting from the material microstructure, which include the inter-particle friction laws, the number of contact points between particles and the local orientations of the relative position vector.
Effects of the benzomorphan κ-opiate, MR 2266 and its (+) enantiomer MR 2267, on thermonociceptive reactions in different strains of mice

The effects of the benzomorphan kappa opiate MR 2266 and its dextro enantiomer MR 2267 were assessed on thermonociception in Swiss Webster, C57BL/6, BALB/c and DBA/2 strains of mice. In the hot plate (60 +/- 0.5 degrees C, cut-off time 120 s and tail immersion tests, MR 2266 (10 mg/kg, s.c., 15 min before) decreased, while MR 2267 (10 mg/kg s.c., 15 min before) increased the reaction latencies. In the hot plate test, the sensitivities for the effects of MR 2266 and MR 2267 on jump latency in different strains of mice were as follows: MR 2266; BALB greater than Swiss greater than C57BL greater than DBA and MR 2267; DBA greater than BALB = Swiss greater than C57BL. In the immersion test, for the hyperalgesic response of MR 2266, the rank order of strains was; BALB greater than C57BL and DBA greater than or equal to Swiss while the rank order for the analgesic effect of MR 2267 was; Swiss greater than DBA and BALB. The results indicate the presence of tonic kappa-receptor-mediated regulation of the spinal and supra-spinal thermonociceptive reactions which is stereospecific and strain dependent.
Personality as Predictor of Work‐Related Outcomes: Test of a Mediated Latent Structural Model1

The role of personality in predicting work-related outcomes was examined using structural equation modeling. Data were taken from a national United States sample (n= 1,098) of accounting professionals. Latent personality constructs based on scales from the California Psychological Inventory (Gough, 1957) were specified and tested in a confirmatory measurement model, along with the attitudinal constructs of communication adequacy, role stress, job satisfaction, and propensity to quit. The results of confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the hypothesized personality constructs of extraversion, control, and flexibility were adequately supported by the data, as were each of the attitudinal constructs. Results from the tested structural model indicated that personality effects on propensity to quit were fully mediated by role stress and job satisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of successfully modeling completely latent, multifaceted personality constructs and better understanding the propensity to quit.