cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of a psychiatric clinical rotation on pharmacy students' attitudes toward mental illness and the provision of pharmaceutical care to the mentally ill.

Abstract Introduction: Previous studies have found ineffectiveness of psychiatric clinical rotations to change pharmacy students' attitudes toward mental illness, but those studies had various limitations that cast doubt on this conclusion. Methods: Pharmacy students who participated in a psychiatric clinical rotation over a 2-year time frame were invited to complete a survey at the beginning and end of their rotation. The survey included scales that measured attitudes toward dangerousness, social distance, stigmatization, suicide prevention, and provision of pharmaceutical care. Results: Forty-one (100%) students participated in the study. Statistically significant positive changes in total scale scores from pre-rotation to post-rotation were seen in the areas of stigmatization toward patients with schizophrenia (P = .02), attitudes toward suicide prevention (P = .05), and provision of pharmaceutical care services to patients with schizophrenia (P < .00001) and depression (P = .0006). There were no stati...
Whirling of a forced cantilevered beam with static deflection. I: Primary resonance

The response of a slender, clastic, cantilevered beam to a transverse, vertical, harmonic excitation is investigated. The effects of nonlinear curvature, nonlinear inertia, viscous damping and static load are included. Previous work often has neglected the static deflection caused by the weight of the beam, which adds quadratic terms in the governing equations of motion. Galerkin's method is used with three modes and approximate solutions of the temporal equations are obtained by the method of multiple scales. Primary resonance is treated here, and out-of-plane motion is possible in the first and second modes when the principal moments of inertia of the beam cross-section are approximately equal. In Parts II and III, secondary resonances and nonstationary passages through various resonances are considered.
Imaging characterization of adnexal lesions: Do CT findings correlate with US?

To compare contrast-enhanced CT and US agreement in characterizing adnexal lesions in late post-menopausal women. This was a HIPAA-compliant IRB-approved retrospective review of the contrast-enhanced CTs of 130 late post-menopausal women (> 55 years). The lesions were classified as simple cystic, minimally complex cystic, complex cystic, solid-cystic, or solid based on CT and US morphology. Findings were analyzed to evaluate agreement between CT and US on adnexal lesion characterization. One forty-one adnexal lesions were assessed by both contrast-enhanced CT and US. Overall, there was good agreement between CT and US, which agreed on the lesion morphology in 114 (81%) cases with an unweighted kappa value of 0.68 (95% CI 0.56–0.78). By CT, 83 (59%) were classified as simple cystic, of which 73/83 (88%) were confirmed as simple cystic by US. Of the remaining 10 CT simple cysts, 9 were reclassified by US as minimally complex cystic and one as complex cystic. Eight of these lesions were benign based on pathology or follow-up imaging, while two lesions remained indeterminate. By CT, 27 lesions (19%) were classified as minimally complex, while US reclassified 13 (48%) of the lesions (eight to simple cystic and five as complex or solid-cystic). Among the 31 remaining lesions, there were 4 (13%) discordances between CT and US. There is good agreement between CT and US in characterizing adnexal lesion morphology, particularly simple cysts. However, there was significant discordance seen with characterization of minimally complex cysts, indicating that these lesions need US follow-up.
Using Pyruvate Kinase as a Predictor for Patient With Endometrial Cancer Having Complex Hyperplasia With Atypia to Prevent Hysterectomy and Preserve Fertility: Retrospective Immunohistochemical Study.

OBJECTIVES To explore whether the metabolic switches proceed or succeed the histological changes in precancerous lesions. To validate pyruvate kinase isoform 1 (PKM1) and pyruvate kinase isoform 2 (PKM2) as a histological biomarker to predict the progression of endometrial hyperplasia into invasive cancer status. METHODS The records of 56 patients with a primary diagnosis of complex hyperplasia with atypia after endometrial biopsy were selected and analyzed retrospectively. A set of 3 consecutive sections at 4-μm thickness were cut and studied with immunohistochemical stains. From each case, 2 to 3 fields with a diagnosis of complex hyperplasia with atypia were selected and compared. A single pathologist blinded to the final diagnosis assigned the scoring. RESULTS Positive immunostaining for PKM1 was observed in 31.25% (10 out of 32) of initial endometrial biopsy with the diagnosis of complex hyperplasia with atypia and final diagnosis of endometrial cancer, while 91.67% (out of 24) of patients with final diagnosis of negative endometrial cancer had endometrial biopsy with positive PKM1 staining ( P < .001). Positive immunostaining for PKM2 was observed in 100% of patient with endometrial biopsy result of endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (56 of 56). CONCLUSIONS Lack of staining with PKM1 expression may help to predict the fate of endometrial hyperplasia. The disappearance of this marker is associated with the progression of hyperplasia toward cancer phenotype. Further studies are needed to understand the causes and potential mechanisms for suppressing Pyruvate Kinase Isoform 1 expression in endometrial hyperplasia.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals unique molecular factors for lipid hydrolysis, secondary cell-walls and oxidative protection associated with thermotolerance in perennial grass

Heat stress is the primary abiotic stress limiting growth of cool-season grass species. The objective of this study was to determine molecular factors and metabolic pathways associated with superior heat tolerance in thermal bentgrass (Agrostis scabra) by comparative analysis of transcriptomic profiles with its co-generic heat-sensitive species creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera). Transcriptomic profiling by RNA-seq in both heat-sensitive A. stolonifera (cv. ‘Penncross’) and heat-tolerant A. scabra exposed to heat stress found 1393 (675 up- and 718 down-regulated) and 1508 (777 up- and 731 down-regulated) differentially-expressed genes, respectively. The superior heat tolerance in A. scabra was associated with more up-regulation of genes in oxidative protection, proline biosynthesis, lipid hydrolysis, hemicellulose and lignin biosynthesis, compared to heat-sensitive A. stolonifera. Several transcriptional factors (TFs), such as high mobility group B protein 7 (HMGB7), dehydration-responsive element-binding factor 1a (DREB1a), multiprotein-bridging factor 1c (MBF1c), CCCH-domain containing protein 47 (CCCH47), were also found to be up-regulated in A. scabra under heat stress. The unique TFs and genes identified in thermal A. scabra could be potential candidate genes for genetic modification of cultivated grass species for improving heat tolerance, and the associated pathways could contribute to the transcriptional regulation for superior heat tolerance in bentgrass species.
Comparisons of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Thermostabilities to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations, Malt Extract, ASBC Measures of Malt Quality, and Initial Enzyme Activities1

The hypothesis that wort osmolyte concentration (OC) would correlate much better than malt extract (ME) with barley amylolytic enzyme thermostabilities of malts produced over several days of germin...
Science Funding: United States

Since World War II, the federal government has become the major funding source for fundamental research carried out in universities in the United States. ‘Science policy’ is the set of decisions that set the level, distribution, and conditions for federal funding of research. Over the past decades, a tension has characterized this policy area, between practical applications and freedom for creative inquiry. Policymakers have experimented with several ways to achieve both goals, and the different eras of US science policy are set apart by the nature of their experiments. From one-way knowledge mandating through two-way dialogs and knowledge sharing, US science policy has sought innovation steeped in societal problem solving. As the need for society-wide creativity grows, debates over the shape and direction of research can be expected to be even more pluralistic in participation and content in the early twenty-first century.
The Use of Strategies in Estimating Measurements.

David Hildreth is professor of mathematics at State University of New York, Agricultural and Technical College at Delhi. This article is based on the author's doctoral dissertation completed at the Ohio State University. variable in problem solving. In this article, the strategies that were observed being used by fifth-graders, seventh-graders, and college freshmen in length and area estimation tasks are discussed; and the implications of these observations for the teaching of measurement estimation are given. Twenty-four students in each of the three grades were individually interviewed. A 24-item test of length and area estimation was given. For each item, the estimate and the strategy that was used were recorded. Dis-
Nusinersen: A Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of nusinersen (Spinraza) in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Data Sources: An English-language literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE (1...
Elagolix Alone or With Add-Back Therapy in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Uterine Leiomyomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate elagolix, an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, alone or with add-back therapy, in premenopausal women with heavy menstrual bleeding (greater than 80 mL per month) associated with uterine leiomyomas.METHODS:This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled
Use of Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention in Treatment With Adults.

This article reviews the use of ecological momentary assessment and intervention in clinical research applications, using prompts administered through a smartphone or tablet. This technology can en...
Study of the ρ 0 Meson Formed in π - +p-->π - +π + +n between 1.38 and 3.00 GeV/c

The final state of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+n$ has been studied from data at laboratory pion momenta of 1.38, 1.71, 2.75, and 3.00 GeV/c. The ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ resonance dominates the final state throughout the region. The ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ production and decay angular distributions are compared with Gottfried and Jackson's one-pion-exchange model including absorption effects. The data are in better agreement with the model at the higher momenta, as expected. The $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ effective-mass distribution with ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}\ensuremath{\le}4{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$ and $|{cos\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}|l0.3$ for the combined data peaks near 730 MeV with 255 events in the plot. The effective-mass distribution without kinematic restrictions gives a ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ peak at 765 MeV with 6744 events.
Beta-WAIS Comparisons for Illiterate and Indigent Male and Female Negroes

The feasibility of using the Revised Beta Examination for assessing the intellectual functioning level of indigent Negro adults is examined. Presently, many public and private agencies use the more...
Divergent effects of vitamins K1 and K2 on triple negative breast cancer cells

Vitamin K serves as an essential co-factor in the γ-carboxylation of glutamate to γ-carboxyglutamate (GLA), a post-translational modification mediated by gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) and vitamin K oxidoreductases (VKORC1 or VKORC1L1). While both phylloquinone (K1) and menaquinone (K2) support the synthesis of GLA-modified proteins, studies assessing K1 and/or K2 effects in cancer cells have reported minimal effects of K1 and anti-proliferative or pro-apoptotic effects of K2. qPCR results indicated highest expression of GGCX, VKORC1, and VKORC1L1 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, Hs578T, MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT, and in advanced stage disease. To assess differential effects of vitamin K, TNBC cells were cultured in media supplemented with K1 or K2. K1 treatment increased cell growth, and enhanced stemness and GLA-modified protein expression in TNBC lysates. Alternatively, lysates from cells exposed to vehicle, K2, or the VKOR antagonist, warfarin, did not express GLA-modified proteins. Further, K2 exposure reduced stemness and elicited anti-proliferative effects. These studies show that TNBC cells express a functional vitamin K pathway and that K1 and K2 exert distinct phenotypic effects. Clarification of the mechanisms by which K1 and K2 induce these effects may lead to relevant therapeutic strategies for manipulating this pathway in TNBC patients.
Rivaroxaban Precision Dosing Strategy for Real-World Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Rivaroxaban is a direct-acting oral anticoagulant approved to prevent strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Dosage recommendations are approved for all adult patients to receive either 15 mg or 20 mg once daily depending upon renal function. There are a number of reasons to believe rivaroxaban dosing could be more effective and/or safer for more patients if increased dosing precision is available. Because real-world patients are more diverse than those studied in phase III clinical trials, we evaluated the extremes of creatinine clearance (CrCl) on rivaroxaban clearance using a published population pharmacokinetic model and applying exposure variation limits (±20%) based on published literature. The proposed dosing recommendations are 10 mg once daily (CrCl 15-29 ml/min), 15 mg once daily (CrCl 30-69 ml/min), 10 mg twice daily (CrCl 70-159 ml/min), and 15 mg twice daily (CrCl 160-250 ml/min). These new dosing recommendations should be prospectively tested for predictive accuracy and to assess the impact on AF patient efficacy and safety.
Poetics of Acculturation: Early Pure Land Buddhism and the Topography of the Periphery in Orikuchi Shinobu’s The Book of the Dead

The article examines Orikuchi Shinobu’s novella, Shisha no sho [The Book of the Dead] (1939), as a discursively constructed amalgamation of multiple cultural and historical sources. Whereas Orikuchi tends to be considered the exponent of cultural nativism, the novella resists a nationalist impulse of extolling the legend of Taima Mandala and Princess Chūjō (Chūjōhime) as a paragon of the Japanese reception of Buddhism. According to the widely-known legend, Princess Chūjō, a member of the politically powerful Fujiwara clan in the Nara period, had woven in a day the mandala out of lotus threads shortly after completing one thousand copies of Shōsanjyōdo Busshōjukyō (the Amida sutra). Further the legend tells that she was welcomed to the Pure Land by Amida Buddha upon her death at the age of twenty nine. In The Book of the Dead her legendary labor opts out of simple appraisal for her devotional response to Buddhism, as though implicitly refuting the Yamato state’s political advocacy of the religion. In turn, Orikuchi’s modernist revisionism reanimates a spectacle of the antiquity, contextualizing the legend in the socio-political periphery of the Taima village. To this end, the novella calls forth a number of historical episodes, topographical images of the locality, and the transculturation of Buddhism in ancient Japan. Concretely, the narrative interweaves the tragedy of Prince Ōtsu who was executed for the treason plotted against the imperial government, a cult of Mount Futakami (today’s Nijōzan in Nara Prefecture), pre-Buddhist practice of worshipping the Sun, and the formation of Nissōkan in Japan’s early Buddhism. Through the dialogic unity of these motifs, Orikuchi deconstructs the legend of Princess Chūjō and the Taima Mandala, transforming it into a visionary narrative devoid of a single cultural and religious root.
Results: Paleopathological and Stable Isotope Findings

Having articulated the rationales and design of our biocultural study of the Lambayeque Valley Complex, in this chapter we now turn to the results of our analysis of the large and diachronic sample of human remains from four major sites. Oral paleopathological data are compared and analyzed from remains spanning the Formative through Middle/Late Colonial Periods to infer diet-related stress, while stable carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios in human bone and enamel carbonate and bone collagen spanning the same periods are characterized and analyzed to infer diet composition. The isotope data generated from the four Lambayeque Biohistory Project samples are also presented in comparison to all available, published isotope data from other bioarchaeological studies of the north coast region to infer patterns of consistency and/or change across three millennia.
Preparing Latinx early childhood educators

This study explores common themes in recruitment and retention practices of Latinx undergraduate and graduate students that emerged across interviews of faculty in leadership positions at Institute...
Colossal left main to right atrium fistula ligation complicated by left circumflex STEMI

Congenital left main (LM) coronary artery to right atrium fistulas with progression to aneurysm development are rare. Most patients remain asymptomatic, but for those with progressive symptoms, intervention is required. However, there are potential life-threatening complications associated with surgical intervention. We present a case of an extremely rare markedly aneurysmal LM to right atrial fistula treated with surgical ligation complicated by inferolateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction several days post-operatively treated successfully using mechanical aspiration thrombectomy, a stent-retriever, balloon angioplasty, and subsequent intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent.
Abstract PO009: Epigenetic silencing by SETDB1 represses tumor-cell intrinsic immunogenicity

Epigenetic alterations are defining features of many tumor types and have recently been implicated in tumor immunity. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate immune sensitivity or resistance in cancer cells are poorly characterized. To systematically identify epigenetic regulators of immune evasion in cancer, we performed in vivo loss of function CRISPR screens against 936 chromatin regulator genes in syngeneic murine tumor models treated with immune checkpoint blockade. These screens identified SETDB1, an H3K9-methyltransferase, and associated members of the HUSH and KAP1 complexes as intrinsic mediators of immune evasion in cancer cells. We also found that amplification of SETDB1 (1q21) in certain human tumors is associated with immune exclusion and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Mechanistically, we find that SETDB1 targets broad domains, hundreds of kilobases in size, that are predominantly located within the open genome compartment “A” (i.e., euchromatin). These SETDB1 domains show strong enrichment for transposable elements (TEs) of the LTR family, and gene loci that arose through segmental duplication events, a key driver of mammalian genome evolution. Setdb1 KO derepresses latent regulatory elements at TEs within these regions and leads to the transcriptional up-regulation of nearby immune genes, including canonical stimulatory ligands of the NKG2D receptor. SETDB1 loss also triggers the activation of hundreds of TEs with the potential to encode retroviral proteins (Gag, Pol, Env), and promotes immune responses dependent on CD8+ T cells and tumor expression of MHC Class I. Our study establishes SETDB1 as an epigenetic checkpoint that represses intrinsic immunogenicity in cancer cells, and thus represents a novel target to enhance the efficacy and scope of immunotherapy. Citation Format: Jingyi Wu, Arvin Iracheta-Vellve, James Patti, Jeffrey Hsu, Thomas Davis, Deborah Dele-Oni, Peter Du, Jeffrey Ishizuka, Sarah Kim, Susan Klaeger, Nelson Knudsen, Brian Miller, Tung Nguyen, Emily Robitschek, Emily Schneider, Margaret Zimmer, Jacob Jaffe, John Doench, W. Nicholas Haining, Kathleen Yates, Robert Manguso, Bradley Bernstein, Gabriel K. Griffin. Epigenetic silencing by SETDB1 represses tumor-cell intrinsic immunogenicity [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PO009.
Multidimensional Signal Recovery in Discrete Evolution Systems via Spatiotemporal Trade Off

The problem of recovering an evolving signal from a set of samples taken at different time instances, has been well-studied for one-variable signals modeled by l2(Zd) and l2(Z). However, most observed time-variant signals in applications are described by at least two spatial variables. In this paper, we study the spatiotemporal sampling pattern to recover the initial signals modeled by l2 and l2(Z × Z) which are evolving in a discrete evolution system and provide specific reconstruction results.
Does Charisma Affect Survival in Office for Leaders Who Take Power via Military Coup

There is ample research on the incidence of coups d’etat but less on their aftermath. Why do some national leaders who seize power via military coup stay in power longer than others once they unseat their predecessors? This study tests whether facial attractiveness—which we argue is a testable proxy for personal charisma—helps explain variation in coup-installed leader survival. We draw on multiple data sources of coups worldwide from 1950 to 2010, as well as original attractiveness data coded from survey responses. We find that more attractive coup-installed leaders retain power longer than their less attractive counterparts after successfully ousting the incumbent. The attractiveness advantage is particularly strong for leaders in the first 5 years of their tenure, those who seized power from a dictatorship as opposed to a democracy, and those who rule without parties in the legislature. We argue that leaders who take power through a military coup lack both traditional and rational-legal authority; for such cases, facial attractiveness may signal charismatic authority sufficient to survive the institutional vacuum following an unconstitutional ascent to power.
Releasing the brake on protein synthesis in hematopoietic stem cells

Protein synthesis regulation constitutes a key node in directing decisions between hematopoietic stemness and differentiation. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Lv et al. (2021) describe a mechanism by which HSCs fine-tune translation rates by controlling 60S and 40S ribosomal subunit joining through targeted degradation of ZNF622 in response to stress.
An Unusual Case of a Pharyngeal Fistula to the Cervical Spine Causing Osteomyelitis.

Significance statement Pharyngeal fistulas to the cervical spine resulting in vertebral osteomyelitis are a rare, yet clinically important, complication of total laryngectomy performed in conjunction with chemoradiotherapy or radiation therapy. This complication is likely underdiagnosed and can have a high mortality rate. It is very important that clinicians are aware of this complication as early diagnosis and management may improve patient outcomes.
Successful Internships in Antenna and Electromagnetic Design: From a Host Perspective [Young Professionals]

There is no need to emphasize how important an internship is for the students who aim to pursue a career in the industry. For those of you who haven’t made up your minds yet, the internship provides a unique opportunity to get a taste of a real working environment with an affordable time commitment and discover things you are passionate about as well as things you aren’t necessarily interested in, such as technical versus nontechnical areas, research versus development, industry versus academia, and so on. These choices eventually help you make crucial decisions about your career path.
Discharge and Travel Time for Ground-Water Conduits

A system of mathematical and graphical procedures gives solution for the steady-flow discharge and travel time for nonuniform confined ground-water conduits in which any or all of the following characteristics vary from point to point: permeability, porosity, and cross-sectional area. The methods use solutions of mathematical models based on the Darcy equation and the equation of continuity. Modified procedures give relatively simple solutions with some loss in accuracy.
Chapter 17 Sodium Pump Regulation by Endogenous Inhibitors

Publisher Summary Experimental observations that ultimately led to the concept of the existence of an endogenous regulator of mammalian Na + ,K + -ATPase began more than 25 years ago in laboratories of renal physiology. De Wardener and co-workers (1961) reported in 1961 that intravascular expansion using saline in dogs produced a brisk natriuresis despite the facts that renal perfusion pressure did not rise (inflation of aortic balloon above the renal arteries), glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged or diminished, and decreases in mineralocorticoid activity could not occur (after administration of supraphysiological doses of mineralocorticoid during the course of volume expansion). As perfusion pressure and filtration rate did not change, and the natriuretic effects of extracellular fluid volume expansion in one animal also occurred in a second animal cross-circulated with the blood of the first, the presumption was that the natriuresis was due in part to a circulating substance that exerted its effects directly on the renal tubular Na + reabsorptive process, without affecting renal hemodynamics.
Staying a Boy Forever

Stem cells hold great promise as replacement therapy for damaged or diseased tissues. But these rarefied cells do not seem ready to give up their secrets just yet. We still do not know the identity of the signals that tell the stem cells whether they should self-renew or differentiate. In a Perspective, Wasserman and DiNardo reveal the identity of a signal produced by hub support cells that instructs germ line stem cells in the fly testis to self-renew but not to differentiate (Tulina and Matunis; Kiger et al .).
Orbit Size and Lid Marking in Upper Blepharoplasty

When marking the upper lids, the inferior incision is placed in the location of the desired postoperative eyelid crease. Many patients have a well-defined, ideally positioned preoperative crease that can be used. Otherwise, the surgeon must determine the location for the desired crease. This location should be individualized, realizing that excessive high or low creases may have an abnormal appearance and can occasionally adversely affect eyelid function.
Chapter 9 On the Nature of Lipid Rafts: Insights from Molecularly Detailed Simulations of Model Biological Membranes Containing Mixtures of Cholesterol and Phospholipids

Abstract This chapter describes molecular detailed simulations performed to study the nature of lipid raft domains that appear in model membranes. The simulations were performed on hydrated bilayers containing binary mixtures of cholesterol with phospholipids and also on ternary mixtures containing cholesterol, a phospholipid with a high main transition temperature T m , and a phospholipid with a low transition temperature T m . Although a large amount of data was obtained from these simulations, they still did not provide a clear molecular picture explaining existence of raft domains.
Plantations, Sugar Cane and Slavery

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the main structural features of the plantations established in the tropical New World, the history of production and manufacture of sugar, and the plantation slavery. The sugar plantations of Cyprus, Crete and the other islands in the Mediterranean were sources of wealth for their founders and owners as both autonomous kingdoms and as colonies of Italian city-states. The plantations in Madeira, the Azores, the Cape Verdes, and Sâo Tome, however, not only were sources of wealth but also a means of settling new territories that became a part of and of strategic value to the Portuguese nation in the implementation of its foreign policy. That is, the plantations not only were of value in their own right and they also served as a model for colonizing new regions that had to be settled for other reasons. The plantation system was to be the key to establishing settlements that were to make these islands loyal Portuguese dependencies. That the plantations themselves were not always successful, in that many never produced crops of commercial value, was insignificant in the larger scheme of things. They made it possible for Portugal to secure a strategic part of her now enlarged national territory.
The Conflicts of Crisis: Critical Reflections on Feminist Ethnography and Anthropological Activism

Anthropologists who work with marginalized and disenfranchised communities frequently find themselves in the midst of shortand long-term crises. Ongoing poverty and systemic discrimination, abrupt changes in entitlement programs and other policies, natural and human-made disasters, and profit-minded development initiatives can all threaten the lives and livelihoods of those we study. As practitioners of a methodology that emphasizes personal attachment, our first instinct is to leap headlong into crisis. In recent years, calls for engaged, public, and activist anthropology have ignited the discipline, making such interventions not only accepted but often expected (see Mullings 2013). At the same time, the realities of real-world engagement are messy, and our roles are rarely clear-cut. In this section, we grapple with some of the tough questions and unfinished business that arise in our own work as we navigate the predicaments, uncertainties, and internal crises and juggle our roles as activists, scholars, teachers, and humans. Frank interrogations of our engagements are essential in a discipline fraught with a legacy of collaborating with empire and colonialism, including Cold War counterinsurgency and the more recent Human Terrain System. For instance, critical scholars such as Kamala Visweswaran have suggested that ethnographers are often uninvited guests or traffickers of “the voiceless” (Visweswaran 1994:69). Others, however, hold that ethnographers have a “responsibility to use counter-story telling as a discursive practice or mobilizing tool” (Harrison 2013:x). In the examples here, we explicitly allied with the social justice struggles of our research participants, and they encouraged us to contribute to their causes as both activists and scholars. But those encouragements came with expectations that were sometimes problematic. Our purpose here is to discuss both the expectations and implications that such scholarship generates. We began this conversation as participants in an Association for Feminist Anthropology roundtable for the 2012
Treatment of HIV-related neutropenia.

Several studies documenting the association of bacteremia and severity of neutropenia in HIV-infected patients, as well as studies using the colony stimulating factors filgrastim or sargramostim to prevent and treat neutropenia in this patient population, are summarized. Three studies are described in which low absolute neutrophil count was associated with increased incidence of bacterial infections in patients with HIV infection. Two hematopoietic growth factors called colony stimulating factors (filgrastim and sargramostim) are available in the United States, but neither is approved by FDA for the treatment or prevention of neutropenia in HIV-infected patients. Studies have shown both filgrastim and sargramostim to be effective in treating neutropenia in HIV-infected patients without increasing the viral load. In one study, filgrastim use on a daily or intermittent basis was associated with reduction in severe neutropenia or death; in addition, filgrastim-treated patients had fewer bacterial infections, fewer hospital days (both total number of days and days associated only with bacterial infections), and a reduced need for i.v. antimicrobials compared with HIV-infected controls. In another study, neutropenia caused by zidovudine was successfully treated with sargramostim. Both filgrastim and sargramostim show promise in treating and preventing neutropenia in HIV-infected patients. More research is needed to determine the patient population who can best benefit from therapy with these agents and to determine the relative advantages and disadvantages of filgrastim and sargramostim.
Maximal inequalities via bracketing with adaptive truncation

Abstract The paper provides a recursive interpretation for the technique known as bracketing with adaptive truncation. By way of illustration, a simple bound is derived for the expected value of the supremum of an empirical process, thereby leading to a simpler derivation of a functional central limit theorem due to Ossiander. The recursive method is also abstracted into a framework that consists of only a small number of assumptions about processes and functionals indexed by sets of functions. In particular, the details of the underlying probability model are condensed into a single inequality involving finite sets of functions. A functional central limit theorem of Doukhan, Massart and Rio, for empirical processes defined by absolutely regular sequences, motivates the generalization.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of Rhagium inquisitor antifreeze protein.

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a specialized evolutionary adaptation of a variety of bacteria, fish, arthropods and other organisms to inhibit ice-crystal growth for survival in harsh subzero environments. The recently reported novel hyperactive AFP from Rhagium inquisitor (RiAFP) is the second distinct type of AFP in beetles and its structure could reveal important molecular insights into the evolution of AFPs. For this purpose, RiAFP was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized at 293 K using a combination of 23% PEG 3350 and 0.2 M ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.3 A resolution using a synchrotron-radiation source. The crystals belonged to the trigonal space group P3121 (or P3221), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 46.46, c = 193.21 A.
Coronary heart disease mortality in United States blacks, 1940–1978: Trends and unanswered questions

A review of trends in mortality from coronary heart disease among U.S. blacks is presented for the period 1940 to 1978. The authors note that mortality from this cause among U.S. blacks is among the highest recorded in the world. It is also observed that the reasons for the marked decline in mortality from this cause among U.S. blacks since 1968 are unclear. Consideration is given to the inadequacies of the available data and to the measures needed to improve them. (ANNOTATION)
Determination of elastolytic activity with elastin-rhodamine

Abstract Elastin covalently labeled with rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate has been found to be a sensitive substrate for analysis of elastolytic activity in comparison to elastin-orcein and elastin-Congo red. Using elastin-rhodamine in a 20-min test, elastase concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/ml are accurately assayed. Variations in analytical parameters such as temperature, pH, and particle size of the substrate greatly influence the rate of elastolysis.
Resistivity and lattice parameter variations in Nb2Al type sigma phases

The order dependencies of the resistance ratios and lattice parameter variations of Nb2Al and Ta2Al have been examined. These reflect the effects of composition variations across the single phase regions rather than those of classical order-disorder reactions. The nature of the order has also been observed to affect the dimensions of the tetragonal unit cells. This can be understood in terms of site ordering variations and can be in part attributed to the deviation from sphericity of atoms in certain crystallographic site types.
Sentinel node biopsy in oral cavity cancer: correlation with PET scan and immunohistochemistry.

Background. Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node biopsy (LS/SNB) is a minimally invasive technique that samples first-echelon lymph nodes to predict the need for more extensive neck dissection. Methods. We evaluated this technique in 18 oral cavity cancers, stages T1–T3, N0. Patients underwent CT and positron emission tomography (PET) of the neck, followed by LS/SNB, frozen section, immediate selective neck dissection, definitive histology, and immunoperoxidase staining for cytokeratin. Histopathology of the sentinel node was correlated with that of the neck specimen. Results. There were 10 true positives: 6 identified on frozen section; 2 on permanent histology; and 2 only on immunoperoxidase staining. In six, the sentinel node was the only positive node. There were seven true negatives and one false negative. Conclusions. Gross tumor replacement of lymph node architecture may obstruct and redirect lymphatic flow. Overall LS/SNB holds promise for oral cancer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 000–000, 2003
On the dynamics of two classes of periodic ecological models

Abstract We give a detailed description of dynamics for periodic Lotka-Volterra systems with constant interaction rates. We also give an exact multiplicity result for a periodic species with a threshold. We present some numerical computations, which both illustrate our results and indicate possibilities for further developments.
The Influence of Near-Surface, High-Entropy Air in Hurricane Eyes on Maximum Hurricane Intensity

Abstract Using a time-dependent axisymmetric numerical model, the authors evaluate whether high-entropy air near the surface in hurricane eyes can substantially increase hurricanes’ maximum intensity. This local high-entropy anomaly is ultimately created by surface entropy fluxes in the eye. Therefore, simulations are conducted in which these surface fluxes are set to zero; results show that the high-entropy anomaly is eliminated, yet the axisymmetric tangential wind speed is only slightly weakened (by ∼4%, on average). These results contradict the hypothesis that transport of high-entropy air from the eye into the eyewall can significantly increase the maximum axisymmetric intensity of hurricanes. In fact, all simulations (with or without high-entropy anomalies) have an intensity that is 25–30 m s−1 higher than Emanuel’s theoretical maximum intensity. Further analysis demonstrates that less then 3% of the total surface-entropy input to the hurricane comes from the eye, and therefore the total magnitude o...
Ewing's tumor X mouse hybrids expressing the MIC2 antigen: analyses using fluorescence CDD-banding and non-isotopic ISH.

We present a highly sensitive method that has been applied to map the chromosomal origin of the prominent cell surface antigen of Ewing's tumor cells recognized by monoclonal antibody HBA-71. The technique allows an unambiguous identification of human chromosomal material in interspecific cell hybrids. This is achieved by fluorescent in situ hybridization of biotinylated total human DNA, followed by high resolution fluorescence banding with the chromomycin/distamycin/ DAPI triple stain. An advantage of this method is that all signals can be visualized in one single operation by simply switching the appropriate filter blocks. The protocol has proved extremely useful in gene mapping by means of interspecific cell hybrids, a technique that depends on the accurate and unambiguous recognition of the relevant (e.g., human) genetic material in the clonal genome. Our studies confirm that this antigen is the product of the MIC2 gene, which is so far the only well-studied pseudoautosomal gene in man, and which is located on the short arms of chromosomes X and Y. Furthermore, no influence of the Ewing's tumor-specific translocation t(11;22) on MIC2 expression could be discerned.
A complete characterization of minimax and maximin encoder- decoder policies for communication channels with incomplete statistical description

The problem is considered of transmitting a sequence of independent and identically distributed Gaussian random variables over a channel whose statistical description is incomplete. The channel is modeled as one that is conditionally Gaussian, with the unknown part being controlled by a so-called "jammer" who may have access to the input to the encoder and operates under a given power constraint. By adopting a game-theoretic approach, a complete set of solutions is obtained (encoder and decoder mappings, and least-favorable distributions for the channel noise) for this statistical decision problem, under two different sets of conditions, depending on whether the encoder mapping is deterministic or stochastic. In the latter case, existence of a mixed saddle-point solution can be verified when a side channel of a specific nature is available between the transmitter and the receiver. In the former case, however, only minimax and maximin solutions can be derived.
Phylogenetic cross-reactivities of monoclonal antibodies produced against rat neurophysin

1. Previously described mouse monoclonal antibodies against rat neurophysins [Ben-Barak, Y.,et al. (1985); Whitnall, M. H.,et al. (1985)] were studied here for their crossreactivities to neurophysins (NPs) from other vertebrate species. 2. Posterior pituitary extracts from various mammals (rat, mouse, cow, human) and lower vertebrates (frog, ratfish) were studied. 3. The monoclonal antibodies displayed several distinct patterns of crossreactivity to the various species, indicating that the epitopes which they recognized were different. PS 67 bound strongly to rat pituitary extract in solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) but showed no cross-reactivity with extracts from any of the other species tested, including the mouse. PS 36 cross-reacted with mouse and frog extracts but showed almost no cross-reactivity with cow and none to ratfish extracts. PS 41 cross-reacted with mouse, cow, and frog extracts. PS 45 was the most cross-reactive antibody and recognized an antigen in extracts from mouse, cow, frog, and ratfish pituitaries. 4. Electrophoresis of proteins extracted from posterior pituitaries, followed by immunoblot staining with either PS 36 or PS 45, demonstrated that the NP-like molecules within each species are heterogeneous, i.e., more than two bands stained in each species. The frog NP stained by PS 45 was about twice the molecular weight of the mammalian NPs. 5. The possible valve of the PS 45 antibody for future molecular cloning experiments on the arginine vasotocin precursor in lower vertebrates is discussed.
High level expression and purification of hemagglutinin subtype H9 of influenza virus

Influenza virus is a respiratory pathogen having high mutation rate, thus displaying a great antigenic diversity. The frequent mutations of the influenza viral surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, allow the virus to evade the host immune system, resulting in annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect against influenza virus infections. Currently, licensed vaccines are grown in chicken eggs and the process of making a new vaccine based on newly circulating viruses is quite laborious. Future vaccine strategies are therefore focused on increasing capacity, reducing cost and time required for antigen production. Subunit vaccines like recombinant hemagglutinin offer an alternative over conventional vaccines. The current study shows designing of an antigen to get high level of secretory expression and stabilized native trimer structure. H9HA was assembled with sequence for the tissue plasminogen activator signal peptide (tPA-SP) and foldon domain of bacteriophage T4 fibritin (FT) using splicing by overlap extension amplification. The amplified product was cloned in pCMVR-8kb having human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer and promoter for transient expression of HA in 293F cells. SDS PAGE analysis confirmed a band of ≃70 kDa corresponding to H9HA which was further confirmed by western blot analysis. Supernatants having recombinant H9HA were pooled together and passed through Ni-NTA agarose column for purification purposes. The purified recombinant protein was found biologically active. We describe the design of an antigen and cloning technique that allow transient expression of gene under control of the CMV promoter. The findings from our studies will be helpful in the optimal design of the HA based antigen for Influenza vaccines. Furthermore, immunization study and systematic analysis of the cross protection profiles among HA antigens is needed to select an antigen providing broad range protection.
Snf1 Protein Kinase Regulates Adr1 Binding to Chromatin but Not Transcription Activation

The yeast transcriptional activator Adr1 controls the expression of genes required for ethanol, glycerol, and fatty acid utilization. We show that Adr1 acts directly on the promoters ofADH2, ACS1, GUT1, CTA1, and POT1 using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The yeast homolog of the AMP-activated protein kinase, Snf1, promotes Adr1 chromatin binding in the absence of glucose, and the protein phosphatase complex, Glc7·Reg1, represses its binding in the presence of glucose. A post-translational process is implicated in the regulation of Adr1 binding activity. Chromatin binding by Adr1 is not the only step in ADH2 transcription that is regulated by glucose repression. Adr1 can bind to chromatin in repressed conditions in the presence of hyperacetylated histones. To study steps subsequent to promoter binding we utilized miniAdr1 transcription factors to characterize Adr1-dependent transcription in vitro. Yeast nuclear extracts prepared from glucose-repressed and glucose-derepressed cells are equally capable of supporting miniAdr1-dependent transcription and pre-initiation complex formation. Nuclear extracts prepared from a snf1 mutant support miniAdr1-dependent transcription but are partially defective in the formation of pre-initiation complexes with Mediator components being particularly depleted. We conclude that Snf1 regulates Adr1-dependent transcription primarily at the level of chromatin binding.
Emotional space: understanding affective spatial dimensions of constructed embodied shapes

We build upon recent research designing a constructive, multi-touch emotional assessment tool and present preliminary qualitative results from a Wizard of Oz study simulating the tool with clay. Our results showed the importance of emotionally contextualized spatial orientations, manipulations, and interactions of real world objects in the constructive process, and led to the identification of two new affective dimensions for the tool.
Inhibition of human intestinal brush border membrane vesicle Na+-dependent phosphate uptake by phosphophloretin derivatives.

Hyperphosphatemia and II(o) hyperparathyroidism are common and severe complications of chronic renal failure. Reduced dietary phosphorus has been shown to be an effective treatment in reducing serum phosphate and serum PTH. 2(')-Phosphophloretin inhibited small intestine apical membrane Na(+)/phosphate cotransport and reduced serum phosphate in adult rats. 2(')-PP and phosphoesters of phloretin were tested for inhibition of human small intestine brush border membrane alkaline phosphatase activity and for inhibition of Na(+)-dependent phosphate uptake. The IC(50)'s for inhibition of alkaline phosphatase suggested an order of inhibitory potency of 4-PP > phloretin > 4(')-PP > 2(')-PP. Inhibition of Na(+)-dependent phosphate uptake followed the sequence 2(')-PPz.Gt;4(')-PP > 4-PP > phloretin. These results are consistent with 2(')-PP being a specific inhibitor of human intestinal brush border membrane Na(+)/phosphate cotransport.