cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ligand-Driven Vectorial Folding of Ribosome-Bound Human CFTR NBD1

Summary The mechanism by which protein folding is coupled to biosynthesis is a critical, but poorly understood, aspect of protein conformational diseases. Here we use fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to characterize tertiary structural transitions of nascent polypeptides and show that the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of human CFTR, whose folding is defective in cystic fibrosis, folds via a cotranslational multistep pathway as it is synthesized on the ribosome. Folding begins abruptly as NBD1 residues 389–500 emerge from the ribosome exit tunnel, initiating compaction of a small, N-terminal α/β-subdomain. Real-time kinetics of synchronized nascent chains revealed that subdomain folding is rapid, occurs coincident with synthesis, and is facilitated by direct ATP binding to the nascent polypeptide. These findings localize the major CF defect late in the NBD1 folding pathway and establish a paradigm wherein a cellular ligand promotes vectorial domain folding by facilitating an energetically favored local peptide conformation.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction of human interleukin-7 bound to unglycosylated and glycosylated forms of its α-receptor

The interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling pathway plays an essential role in the development, proliferation and homeostasis of T and B cells in cell-mediated immunity. Understimulation and overstimulation of the IL-7 signaling pathway leads to severe combined immunodeficiency, autoimmune reactions, heart disease and cancers. Stimulation of the IL-7 pathway begins with IL-7 binding to its α-receptor, IL-7Rα. Protein crystals of unglycosylated and glycosylated complexes of human IL-­7–IL-7Rα extracellular domain (ECD) obtained using a surface entropy-reduction approach diffract to 2.7 and 3.0 A, respectively. Anomalous dispersion methods will be used to solve the unglycosylated IL-7–IL-7Rα ECD complex structure and this unglycosylated structure will then serve as a model in molecular-replacement attempts to solve the structure of the glycosylated IL-7–α-receptor complex.
Induction of a herpesvirus saimiri small RNA AU binding factor (AUBF70) activity and lymphokine mRNAs by T cell mitogens

Herpesvirus saimiri (H. saimiri) can transform T lymphocytes and cause lymphoid tumors in rabbits and New World monkeys. H. saimiri-immortalized T cells express IL-2 and IL-4. The putative oncogenes of a group C strain of H. saimiri have been mapped to a region of the unique L-DNA which includes genes encoding four U-like small nuclear RNAs (HSUR1-HSUR4). Jurkat T cells express a 70 kD RNA binding factor (AUBF70) which binds HSUR2. Here we examined AUBF70 expression in resting and mitogenstimulated human peripheral blood T cells and its sequence specificity and subcellular distribution. Band-shift assays demonstrated that resting human T cells express low amounts of AUBF70 which is induced by mitogen treatment. IL-2 and IL-4 mRNAs were co-induced with AUBF70 suggesting that AUBF70 is a positive regulator of lymphokine gene expression. Normal resting, mitogen-stimulated, and leukemic Jurkat T cells all express AUBF70 with virtually identical V8 proteolytic enzyme digestion patterns. Northern blots demonstrated that HSUR1 and HSUR2 are localized both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. HSUR2 accumulate in the cytoplasm in the presence of actinomycin D, which is consistent with re-transport of HSURs to the nucleus by (an) unstable factor(s). We hypothesize that HSUR1 and 2 transport AUBF70 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; in the nucleus, AUBF70 binds and stabilizes lymphokine transcripts. Increased stability of lymphokine mRNAs could contribute to oncogenic transformation induced by H. saimiri.
Abstract 1072: Activation of the Ras signaling pathway promotes the over-expression of anti-apoptotic heme oxygenase-1 in human renal cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Activation of the proto-oncogene ras may play a critical role in the development and rapid progression of different types of human cancers, including renal cancer. It has been shown that the Ras pathway can mediate pro-survival signals in cancer cells by inhibiting cellular apoptosis. It is established that the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is over-expressed in several cancers, and may play a significant role in the growth and metastasis of tumors by inducing cell survival pathways. However, it is not known if there is an association between Ras activation and HO-1 over-expression in cancer. We have recently demonstrated that the treatment of human renal cancer cells with the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine may activate the H-Ras pathway, and promote a rapid progression of the disease. We have also shown that HO-1 is over-expressed in human renal cancer, and plays a key role in the survival of renal cancer cells by inhibiting cellular apoptosis. Here, we wished to analyze if the activation of H-Ras pathway can regulate the expression of HO-1 in two different human renal cancer cell lines 786-0 and Caki-1. In co-transfection assays, using a full-length HO-1 promoter-luciferase construct, we found that the activated form of H-Ras (H-Ras12V) promoted HO-1 transcriptional activation as observed by increased luciferase activity. We also found that the activation of H-Ras increased the mRNA expression of HO-1 as observed by real-time PCR. By using a dominant-inhibitory mutant construct H-Ras17N, we confirmed that the inhibition of H-Ras expression significantly decreased HO-1 promoter activity. We next wanted to determine which effector molecule(s) (Raf, Rho and PI-3K) is functional for H-Ras-mediated HO-1 over-expression. We made use of three different effector domain mutant constructs of H-Ras; Ras(12V,35S) retains full-length Raf-1 binding activity, Ras(12V,37G) retains Rho binding activity, and Ras(12V,40C) retains PI-3K binding activity. In co-transfection assays using these effector domain mutant constructs, we observed that the Ras-induced HO-1 transcriptional activation is mediated primarily through the Raf-1 signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggest that the Ras-Raf signaling pathway might play an important role in the survival of human renal cancer cells through the induction of HO-1 over-expression. Thus, targeting this H-Ras pathway for HO-1 over-expression might act as novel therapeutics to inhibit human renal tumors through the induction of cellular apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1072. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1072
Genomic organization, 5'-flanking region, and chromosomal localization of the human RGS3 gene

RGS3 is the largest member of a recently discovered family of proteins (RGS proteins) that appear to function as negative regulators of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling. Seventeen mammalian RGS proteins have been identified by cloning or by comparison to expressed sequence tags, and several of these proteins have been shown recently to function as GTPase-activating proteins for G-protein alpha subunits. Despite the intense interest in RGS proteins as physiological regulators of G-protein signaling, there is little understanding of the structure and regulation of mammalian RGS genes. Using long-distance PCR, we amplified and characterized the entire coding and 5'-untranslated region of the human RGS3 gene. The coding region of the human RGS3 gene spans 14.7 kb and contains six exons, and the 5'-untranslated region spans 3.2 kb and contains two exons. Mapping of the exons revealed that the RGS domain, conserved among all RGS proteins, was encoded by three exons, while the unique amino-terminal domain of RGS3 was encoded by a single exon. Comparison of the location of the intron-exon boundaries of the human RGS3 gene to that of the human RGS2 gene, the only mammalian RGS gene described previously, revealed a remarkable similarity, providing the first conceptual support for a common ancestral mammalian RGS gene. 5'-RACE analysis was used to map the transcription start site 517 bp upstream of the translation start site, and anchored PCR was performed to amplify 1.0 kb of genomic DNA upstream of the transcription start site. Analysis of the 5'-flanking region revealed the presence of many potential regulatory elements, the presence of an initiator (Inr) element overlapping the transcription start site, and the absence of a TATA or a CCAAT box at the usual positions. By radiation hybrid mapping, the RGS3 gene was assigned to human chromosome 9q31-q33. This study is the first to elucidate the structure, chromosomal location, and regulatory sequences of the RGS3 gene, and it establishes the genetic basis for RGS3 gene research in humans.
Laboratory diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by polymerase chain reaction and viral culture in infants born to seropositive mothers. 735

The early and accurate diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infection in infants born to HIV infected mothers is essential for timely medical and social care. Study of the utility of viral detection methods is important to determine which may be the preferred diagnostic tool in this population. The accuracy of both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral culture was assessed over a period of seven years on a total of 795 blood samples from 395 HIV-exposed children (of which 123 patients were HIV infected). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation and processed for PCR and culture. For qualitative viral isolation, patient samples were co-cultivated with PHA-stimulated donor PBMCs and monitored for 28 days using a p24 antigen-capture method. PCR amplification was performed using the gag primer pair SK38/39 and detection of DNA was done with 32P-labeled SK19 probe, gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Of the 795 samples tested, 505 were from children 12mo, sensitivities ranged from 96-100% and specificities ranged from 99-100% for both PCR and culture. Positive and negative predictive values were 97-100% and 98-100%, respectively, for both assays. Only nine patient samples produced discordant results between PCR and culture. We conclude that both viral culture and PCR are highly sensitive and specific methods for determination of HIV-1 infection in infants born to infected mothers. PCR may be the preferred technique, given that it is a more rapid and less labor intensive test.
Hypoxaemia in sickle cell disease: biomarker modulation and relevance to pathophysiology.

Summary Background Nocturnal oxyhaemoglobin desaturation might have a role in CNS complications related to sickle cell disease, and rates of painful crises. We attempted to examine the biological relations, and describe the haematological risk factors for oxyhaemoglobin desaturation. Methods The study population included children with sickle cell disease and controls. Cellular activation was assessed by measurement of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, P-selectin, L-selectin, and leukotriene B 4 . Erythrocyte-endothelial adhesion and routine haemato-logical variables were assessed. Oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) was measured by pulse oximetry while children were awake and asleep. Children with a mean sleeping SaO 2 of 93% were identified as hypoxaemic. Children were divided into four groups: controls (ten children), HbSC (nine, all normoxic), HbSS normoxic (13), and HbSS hypoxaemic (15). Findings Among haematological variables, sleeping SaO 2 correlated only with packed-cell volume ( r =0·7; p 2 and adhesion (−0·45; p 2 measurements showed continuing hypoxaemia, with similar correlation between SaO 2 and cell activation markers. Interpretation Our adhesion-related findings suggest a potential mechanism for the increased occurrence of clinical vaso-occlusive crises in individuals with sickle cell disease who have oxyhaemoglobin desaturation. Release of cellular mediators in hypoxaemia, and the relation between anaemia and oxyhaemoglobin desaturation, suggest that risk factors for stroke, including anaemia, might have a role in CNS-vasculopathy through hypoxia-mediated pathways. Furthermore, hypoxaemia in the older child also occurs during the day; such mild untreated hypoxia could lead to an increased risk of vaso-occlusive episodes.
Development of micromachined devices using polyimide-based processes

Abstract Currently there are several techniques under investigation for the fabrication of metallic microstructures, including photoresist-based technologies, stencil-based technologies and photoelectroforming-based technologies. In this paper, high aspect ratio and thick metallic microstructures are investigated using polyimide-based technologies. The use of polyimide processes offers several advantages, including compatibility with conventional integrated circuit fabrication techniques, chemical and thermal stability for electroplating in a wide variety of acidic, basic and solvent-based solutions, the ability to fabricate devices using conventional cleanroom equipment and materials, and the flexibility to integrate the polyimide into the final micromachined system as a dielectric or structural material. After a review of the polyimide-based processes, selected applications utilizing this technology will be discussed.
Amplitude behavior of shock waves in a thermoviscoelastic solid

Abstract Recent theoretical studies of the propagation of one-dimensional shock waves in nonlinear viscoelastic materials have considered the influence of the strain gradient immediately behind a propagating shock front on the amplitude of the wave. In particular, the growth or decay behavior of the wave depends upon the relative magnitude of the strain gradient and a critical strain gradient which depends upon the material response properties. Here we apply the results of these studies to a particular constitutive model for a thermoviscoelastic material and determine the critical strain gradient and shock amplitude equation in terms of material response functions and thermophysical properties. The results are exhibited for a particular polymeric solid (PMMA) and compared to experimental results obtained in steady wave studies.
Risks and rewards.

43 IAM HONORED to be the inaugural contributor to the Journal of Palliative Medicine series on palliative care pioneers. I look back at the path that I and many of my peers like Andy Billings, Jim Hallenbeck, Robert Arnold, Charles von Gunten, and other leaders have traveled, and I am both awed and humbled by how far we have come in such a short period of time. I was a rather typical, academically naive, junior faculty member when I started my career at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) in 1986, directly from my fellowship in medical oncology. My area of interest was neuro-oncology, I was doing basic research on peritumoral brain edema with the goal of establishing a research and clinical care program in neuro-oncology. My journey toward palliative care started 2 months after I came to MCW, when I saw a flyer tacked to the bulletin board outside my research laboratory. An innocuous notice, tucked beside more insistent notices about research RFAs and apartments for rent. The flyer announced an upcoming organizational meeting for the Wisconsin Cancer Pain Initiative (WCPI). I read the notice and immediately thought back to my fellowship mentor who demonstrated that residents and oncology fellows, myself included, could not do even the most simple equianalgesic calculations using commonly available clinical resources. Reflecting on his leadership in cancer pain, I thought to myself, “I should probably see what this is all about, maybe I can be of some help to their efforts.” Two weeks later I went to Madison and listened to Dr. Jan Sternsward, head of the World Health Organization’s Cancer Control program, graphically describe the international problem of poorly treated pain, and the opportunity we had in Wisconsin to make a significant difference, not only for Wisconsin residents, but throughout the world. That single speech changed my career, as I realized that the need to improve pain management, a basic human need with implications for everyone, resonated more closely with my interests in patient care, than my more narrow focus of neuro-oncology. Furthermore, I was impressed by the commitment of the health professionals, patient advocates, and health policy experts who all shared a common vision and goal. Over the next 10 years I served as WCPI Director of Physician Education, developing regional
CollabEd: A Platform for Collaboratizing Existing Editors

CollabEd is a platform for easily collaboratizing linear editing systems. We will describe our modular design, which is geared toward building CollabEd plugins for existing editors and eliminating the need for developers to provide or understand the networking and data consistency controls required for real-time, synchronous collaborative editing. In this paper we showcase our open-source CollabEd application already ported for use with a number of popular programming editors (Eclipse, NetBeans, jEdit, etc.) and a drawing program (DrawSWF). The CollabEd platform is built on top of our optimistic replication data-model (MSET) that preserves local-site editing response time without the use of operational transformation. One of the features we will highlight is the ability to save collaboration sessions for later playback with user-specific editing statistics.
The conversational classroom

Concepts taught in large, lower-division computer science courses are carefully explained in standard textbooks. Thus we hypothesized that the classroom experience should not consist primarily of a restatement of those explanations by the professor. Instead, it should provide an opportunity for the students to learn through a process of conversation among themselves and with the professor. We were able to establish such a process in a sophomore-level course with an enrollment of 116 students. This change led to a doubling of the percentage of A and A- grades compared to historical values.
Water Vapor Permeability of the Rigid‐Shelled Gecko Egg

The vast majority of squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) produce parchment-shelled eggs that absorb water during incubation, and thus increase in mass, volume, and surface area. In contrast, females from a single monophyletic lineage of gekkotan lizards produce rigid-shelled eggs. These eggs are functionally comparable to those of birds, that is, at oviposition, eggs contain all the water needed for development, and their mass decreases during incubation via the diffusion of water vapor through the shell. I determined patterns of water loss and shell permeability to water vapor from oviposition to hatching for the rigid-shelled eggs of the gekkonid Chrondrodactylus turneri and compared permeability of C. turneri eggs to those of birds and other squamates. Chrondrodactylus turneri eggs incubated at 28.5°C and 40% relative humidity (RH) decreased in mass by 14% over the course of a 68-day incubation period. The rate of water loss varied during incubation; egg mass decreased rapidly during the first 8 days of incubation, declined at a low constant rate during the next 35 days, and then decreased rapidly during the final 25 days of incubation. Overall permeability was 0.17 mg/day/kPa/cm2. Percent water loss of rigid-shelled gecko eggs during incubation is similar to that exhibited by birds, but water vapor permeability is about one-third that of bird eggs and several orders of magnitude lower than that of parchment-shelled squamate eggs. In general, the water economy of their eggs may be associated with the adaptive radiation of the rigid-shelled sphaerodactylid, phyllodactylid, and gekkonid geckos. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:395–400, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using a Minimum Threshold to Motivate Contributions to Social Computing

Social computing systems collect, aggregate, and share usercontributed content, and therefore depend on contributions from users to function properly. However, humans are intelligent beings and cannot be programmed to behave; system designers must provide incentives to encourage users to contribute. We explore the behavioral consequences of one simple incentive mechanism: require users to contribute a minimum amount of information before they are granted access to the system. Users with a high marginal cost of contribution will stop using the system, but users with a moderate marginal cost will increase their contribution, frequently leading to greater benefits for everyone still using the system. Additionally, if contributions are collaborative and build upon each other, then existing contributors are likely to slightly decrease their contributions, leading to a more ’equal’ distribution of contributions. We show that this mechanism often leads to increased contributions, and provide concrete design advice for using this mechanism in social computing systems.
Endodontic treatment of a Patient with Huntington's disease.

Huntington’s disease is a lethal autosomal dominant disorder that affects men and women equally. The prevalence of Huntington’s disease in North America is 5 to 10 per 100,000 people. It is characterized by regular personality changes, dementia, and choreiform (dance-like) movements. Literature concerning dental treatment of patients who have been diagnosed with this type of disease is scarce. Continuous ingestion of medications to control the symptoms of this disease leads to xerostomia, which, maximized by unrestrained movements, often leads to progressive tooth decay, irreversible pulpitis, and tooth loss. Maintenance of teeth in patients with this type of disease is desirable and challenging. Like any patient, a comprehensive treatment plan needs to be developed with equal emphasis on restoration and home care. This case report illustrates how a morphologically difficult endodontic procedure can be successfully administered in a patient diagnosed with HD. Overall case success was attributed to a dental team approach and short-duration appointments to limit patient stress.
Reliable density estimates for coverage and connectivity in thin strips of finite length

Deriving the critical density (which is equivalent to deriving the critical radius or power) to achieve coverage and/or connectivity for random deployments is a fundamental problem in the area of wireless networks. The probabilistic conditions normally derived, however, have limited appeal among practitioners because they areoften asymptotic, i.e., they only make high probability guarantees in the limit of large system sizes. Such conditions are not very useful in practice since deployment regions are always finite. Another major limitation of most existing work on coverage and connectivity is their focus on thick deployment regions (such as a square or a disk). There is no existing work (including traditional percolation theory) that derives critical densities for thin strips (or annuli).In this paper, we address both of these shortcomings by introducing new techniques for deriving reliable density estimates for finite regions (including thin strips). We apply our techniques to solve the open problem of deriving reliable density estimates for achieving barrier coverage and connectivity in thin strips, where sensors are deployed as a barrier to detect moving objects and phenomena. We use simulations to show that our estimates are accurate even for small deployment regions. Our techniques bridge the gap between theory and practice in the area of coverage and connectivity, since the results can now be readily used in real-life deployments.
Commentary on “Elements of Psychotherapy in Navaho Religion”: Navaho Healing and the Origins of the Psychotherapy Analogy

(2011). Commentary on “Elements of Psychotherapy in Navaho Religion”: Navaho Healing and the Origins of the Psychotherapy Analogy. Psychiatry: Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 306-309.
Are sperm traits of drones (Apis mellifera L.) from laying worker colonies noteworthy

Laying worker colonies and small drones derived from the eggs of laying workers are a part of the complex reproductive biology of honey bees. This study was carried out to compare sperm traits of s...
The Cultural and Political Economies of Adoption Practices in Andean Peru and the United States

El articulo examina desde una perspectiva comparativa las practicas de adopcion transnacionales y transraciales en la sierra sur andina del Peru y los EE.UU. De esta forma, se analizan las diversas actividades y estrategias que los padres adoptivos desarrollan para construir un sentido compartido de lo local y lograr cruzar fronteras culturales, las que tienen un gran impacto en la formacion de la identidad de sus hijos. En los casos de adopciones transraciales que suceden en el mismo espacio fisico, los padres adoptivos no pueden facilmente pasar por alto el racismo y las desigualdades sociales institucionalizadas. En efecto, estos aspectos llegan incluso a adquirir mayor relevancia que la cuestion misma de la adopcion. En cambio, en los casos de adopciones transnacionales, la creacion de practicas innovadoras que permitan cruzar fronteras fisicas y socioeconomicas, y establecer un sentido de lo local, se vuelve fundamental para los miembros del grupo familiar. La distancia fisica facilita la generacion de imaginarios fuertemente influenciados por ideas y practicas relacionadas con la herencia cultural y el multiculturalismo. En algunos casos, el mismo hecho de cruzar fronteras permite desafiar las estructuras de poder, las ideologias, y los modelos normativos de parentesco establecidos
Semantic search for software architecture knowledge: A proposal for virtual communities environment

Software architecture is crucial for the success of software development. Nevertheless, in many software projects the documentation of the architecture is a neglected activity. In this paper, we present a framework that enables the search for software architecture information in the artifacts generated in virtual communities for software development. A semantic search mechanism based on ontologies is used in the framework to retrieve not only architecture properties, but also the rationale behind decisions taken during the construction of the software.
Barriers to implementing a continence program in nursing homes.

Urinary incontinence is a problem for over 50% of nursing home residents, but it can respond to toileting programs. Nursing home staffs, however, do not always follow the toileting schedules. Dimensional analysis of research logs that were kept during the implementation of an individualized toileting regimen for incontinent residents revealed several barriers to staff adherence to the protocol. System barriers included staffing shortages and limited licensed staff reinforcement. Individual barriers included conflicting beliefs and goals and difficulty organizing care routines. Conclusions suggest that implementation of totleting programs by nursing assistants could be improved with adequate and stable staffing, incentives for staff, and assistance with organizing work load. Establishing continence as the standard of care in nursing homes is a crucial element to the success of any toileting program. More research is needed to better understand how staff perceive, organize, and prioritize their care.
Preparation of functionalized and gold-coated cobalt nanocrystals for biomedical applications

We present the synthesis, structural and magnetic characterization of cobalt-based nanocrystals with controlled size (5–25 nm; 71 nm) and tailored morphologies (spheres, discs with specific aspect ratio of 5 � 20 nm and core-shell structures). The reproducible synthesis route for Au-coated, high moment, cobalt nanocrystals presented here opens up possibilities for a number of biomedical applications and surface functionalities. r 2005 Published byElsevier B.V.
Pathway Analysis of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Mitochondrial DNA

The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method described in a previous publication to document worldwide population structure of Mediterranean fruit flies and analyze probable sources of fly introductions is re-evaluated. Analysis of representatives of the RFLP-based markers using the ND5-tRNA-ND4 mitochondrial locus through DNA sequencing shows that the original markers produced haplotypes that are homoplasic and exclude valuable information. DNA sequences also identified errors in data generated with the protocol because of failure of the XbaI enzyme to efficiently cut PCR product. In all, the PCR-RFLP method is able to document haplotypes present in medfly populations outside of Sub-Saharan Africa and is a cost-effective approach to pathway analysis. New primer pairs for analysis of this locus are reported that reduce the number of PCR steps required to analyze the RFLP marker and the time of each PCR run. For comparison of the PCR-RFLP method, the utility of a DNA sequence-based approach to Mediterranean fruit fly pathway analysis is reported using the ND5-ND4 locus and the proposed "barcode region" of the COI gene. Both gene sequences are more informative than the PCR-RFLP method and document high genetic variation within Sub-Saharan Africa. Application of these methods as tools and their interpretation is discussed.
Circle: design and implementation of a classifier based on circuit minimization

We present Circle, a classification algorithm based on the priciples of boolean function minimization. This classification process uses a recursive method to generate a set of implicants (or rules). The novelty of this algorithm is in the fact that the rules generated contain information about not only presence of features, but also their absence in determining class values. Although function minimization is inherently exponential on the number of attributes, we introduce several optimization techniques to reduce the complexity.
The Mr 46,000 nuclear scaffold ATP-binding protein: identification of the putative nucleoside triphosphatase by proteolysis and monoclonal antibodies directed against lamins A/C

Previous work suggested that the major Mr 46,000 ATP binding protein [a putative nucleoside triphosphatase (NIPase)] found in rat liver nuclear scaffold (NS) may be proteolytically derived from lamins A/C. To definitively establish this identification, we undertook a series of photolabeling, proteolysis, and immunoprecipitation experiments. Mice were immunized with human lamin C expressed in bacteria, and monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas were obtained. The purified monoclonal antibodies all recognized lamins A and C on immunoblots of NS, as well as Mr 46,000 or 34,000 proteolytic fragments as minor components. The M, 46,000 photolabeled band was the only major NS component photolabeled with low concentrations of azido-ATP, and it was immunoprecipitated with anti-lamin monoclonal
Influence of Strategy Choice on Spatial Performance in Apparel Design

This study investigates how performance on a spatial task in apparel design was influenced by use of strategy. The sample consisted of 278 undergraduate apparel design students from six universities in the United States. Instruments used to collect data were the Apparel Spatial Visualization Test (ASVT) and Use of Strategy Questionnaire. Use of strategy influenced performance on the ASVT. Some strategies were superior to others by the fact that they led to a higher percentage of correct responses on the ASVT, for example, landmark extraction, checking, and previous knowledge. Because use of strategies influenced performance on a spatial task, further research could investigate methods of training students in the choice of appropriate strategies.
A strategy to assist management in workforce engagement and employee retention in the high tech engineering environment

Many companies use survey methods in an attempt to gauge employees' attitudes and opinions toward the company. These attitudes and opinions are directly related to an employee's engagement within the company. In many instances, employees wait in vain for the survey response and the subsequent employer actions, but the truth is sometimes management does not know what to do with the results. For this reason, we theorize that this type of survey, typically utilizing the Likert-scale, is not adequately assisting management in addressing employee engagement and retention issues. For instance, in many occasions, once the survey results are tabulated, companies are doing little or nothing to address the issues. In fact, far too many companies make the mistake of conducting employee engagement surveys, and then ignore the answers. Thus, we propose that a company should take advantage of the survey results, and utilize them to provide data to bridge employees' needs and goals with stakeholders' responsibilities and goals by refining and incorporating them into a hierarchical decision model (HDM). Thus, this would essentially be utilizing the quantitative data to determine what to measure qualitatively. We use a case from the high tech industry, specifically focusing on the engineering environment. Engineering environments are known to be more creative and such approaches would be more beneficial.
Tracking Industrial Land Use Conversions A New Approach for Studying Relict Waste and Urban Development

Research on urban development and environmental hazards has focused attention on problems associated with current industrial facilities, derelict industrial brownfields, and government-listed hazardous waste sites. Yet we continue to know very little about environmental contaminants remaining on past industrial sites that have since converted to other uses. This article develops a methodology for examining the prevalence of such sites and their historical conversion and then presents an illustrative case study of this methodology for New Orleans, Louisiana, from 1955 to 2006. Contrary to expectations, results show that most sites occupied by polluting industries in the past have since converted to other uses and that this conversion is most common in predominantly White neighborhoods. These findings extend and complicate extant research on urban industrial hazards and environmental justice, calling attention to the potential accumulation of historically generated contaminants not just in identifiable brow...
Upper-Ocean Inertial Currents Forced by a Strong Storm. Part III: Interaction of Inertial Currents and Mesoscale Eddies

Abstract The interaction of strong near-inertial frequency currents generated by a storm with preexisting subinertial frequency currents is investigated. For 10 days after the storm, the near-inertial currents remain in the mixed layer and the subinertial currents are steady, so their interaction is particularly simple. Linearized models predict that the frequency of the near-inertial currents should be shifted by ½ζ where ζ is the subinertial vorticity. This theory, combined with values of ζ estimated either from velocity measurements or from the vorticity equation, produces frequency shifts in the inertial currents at least five times larger than the confidence limits on the observations. Possible explanations include the concentration of ζ in narrow frontal zones and nonlinear wave-wave interactions.
Aristotle's observations of the foraging interactions of the red mullet (Mullidae: Mullus spp) and sea bream (Sparidae: Diplodus spp)

A brief but detailed observation which Aristotle made regarding the foraging behavior of the red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) is examined closely in order to better understand the substance of the discussion. Aristotle's description of the heterospecific red mullet/sea bream foraging behavior is evaluated in light of contemporary observations and life history characteristics. Possible methods, including underwater observations with the use of diving equipment and observations in fish ponds, employed by Aristotle in making these observations are discussed. I also speculate on the ways in which the red mullet/sea bream interaction might be thought of as gregarious behavior according to Aristotle.
The Role of Argument: Learning How to Learn in School Science

Drawing on a range of evidence and scholarship, this chapter develops a case for the value of argumentation in learning science. Given that argument is a core feature and epistemic practice of science, providing students with opportunities to engage in argument – whether about data and its interpretation, the merits of competing theories, or the application of science – is likely to aid students’ understanding of the nature of science. However, possibly the most valuable aspect of argumentation lies in its potential as a heuristic to transform the standard pedagogy of school science from one dominated by transmission to one which is more dialogic and develops students’ abilities to reason critically. Here it offers a means of enhancing both students’ understanding of the concepts of science and their engagement with, and interest in, science.
Bipolar Illness: Factors in Drinking Behavior

Alcohol use and abuse was investigated in 73 patients with bipolar I manic-depressive illness who were attending a lithium clinic. Alcohol-related problems were identified in 7 of the male and none...
Multiple-harmonic generation on ZnO nanocrystalline film

Second, third, and fifth harmonics to wavelengths of UV and VUV are generated on a thin film of ZnO nanocrystal using a /spl sim/ 15-femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser oscillator. The third-harmonic conversion efficiency is one of the highest among all other dielectric materials. A 3/sup rd/-order interferometric autocorrelation is demonstrated for routine diagnostic of the femtosecond beam and the 5/sup th/-order autocorrelation is now possible.
The commercialization of biology. A biological obstacle course. Scientific note.

This country has many resources to draw upon as it attempts to commercialize recent developments in the “new” biology. However, there are also many obstacles to overcome that will require cooperation among different interest groups in order to develop a strong and vital industry.
Tobacco Control Strategy in Elevation of Tobacco Price and Tax

The paper aimed to analyze the potential problems brought by the elevation of tobacco price and tax,such as ① aggravating the smoker's financial burden;②increasing the risk of tobacco to the health of some smokers;③influencing tobacco economy;④increasing the activity of tobacco smuggling.This policy that set higher tobacco price and tax is not appropriate for implementing in China.It is necessary to forbid smoking in indoor public places and office through legislation.In addition,Health education,especially for children,should be strengthened to form non-smoking habits so that coordinate development can be obtained in both tobacco control strategies and tobacco industry.
Droplet Impact Efficiency on Aerodynamic Surfaces with a Globally Eulerian/Locally Lagrangian Method

A new computational method for droplet concentration was developed to efficiently predict droplet impact efficiency on airplane surface elements. The method computes concentration along a Lagrangian path in combination with a novel Eulerian approach for the particle velocity divergence. The combined approach is termed the globally Eulerian/locally Lagrangian approach. This method was compared to conventional ensemble-based and area-based approaches for impact efficiency in terms of accuracy and efficiency for an inviscid cylinder flow and a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based airfoil flow. The globally Eulerian/locally Lagrangian method provided good agreement with analytical and experimental results and avoided the large number of particle paths needed for statistical convergence (unlike bin methods) while allowing extension to unsteady flowfields (unlike area-based methods).
Determining the Proper Scope of Climate Change Benefits

Although benefit assessment principles are well established for specific populations, very little attention has been paid to how to define the scope of the pertinent population for such assessments. Whose social welfare matters and whose benefits should be included in the assessment? In the case of U.S. regulatory policies, the norm has been to assess the benefits to U.S. citizens. However, in 2010, the Obama Administration’s Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon adopted a global perspective on assessing the benefits associated with reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. This article examines whether U.S. policymakers should assess the benefits of climate change policies from a domestic or a global perspective. Drawing from executive orders and the laws governing risk and environmental regulations, we review the norms used for the scope of benefit assessments. Then we examine specific examples of the use of the global approach to benefit assessments of carbon dioxide reductions for energy efficiency regulations. We also compare the U.S. approach to that of other developed countries. Finally, we discuss how reciprocity should be incorporated into global benefits within a benefit-cost framework, and the role of altruism in considering the proper scope of benefits.
Post-crizotinib management of effective ceritinib therapy in a patient with ALK -positive non-small cell lung cancer

We report the re-biopsied diagnosis of a patient with anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-positive lung adenocarcinoma successfully treated with ceritinib 450 mg/day taken with food following disease progression and gastrointestinal intolerance to crizotinib. A 74-year old female patient initially diagnosed with ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma responded to initial standard chemotherapy. The patient was subsequently re-tested by next generation sequencing (NGS) and found to have ALK EIF2AK3-ALK fusion, and responded to crizotinib, but ultimately progressed and showed intolerance to this ALK inhibitor. She was then successfully treated with ceritinib 450 mg/day taken with food, has not suffered from any further gastrointestinal side-effects, and remains on ceritinib treatment after 12 months. Second-line ceritinib treatment, when administered at 450 mg/day with food, is both well tolerated and efficacious in a patient with previously treated lung adenocarcinoma who had discontinued crizotinib due to disease progression and gastrointestinal adverse effects (AEs).
A Small Loop in the SERCA N-Domain Facilitates the Transition to a Compact Conformation

The cardiac sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium ATPase (SERCA) and its inhibitor phospholamban (PLB) are key regulators of calcium levels in cardiac cells. SERCA contributes to calcium re-uptake from the cytosol into the SR, resulting in the relaxation of the muscles. PLB phosphorylation leads to SERCA relief-of-inhibition, and subsequently improved contractility and faster relaxation due to increased SR calcium load. The current project is aimed at revealing the details of the SERCA transition from an open to a closed conformation. In addition, the experiments provide the insight into the mechanism of the SERCA relief of inhibition after PLB phosphorylation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations led us to hypothesize that H-bonds between a small loop in SERCA N-domain and the A-domain facilitate SERCA headpiece closure. We propose that the cytoplasmic domain of phosphorylated PLB facilitates the transition to a closed conformation by interaction with this discrete loop of SERCA N-domain. Other groups had reported that mutation of N-loop residues reduces ATPase activity by 35-60%. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments and MD simulations, we find that SERCA N-loop mutations impair the closure of cytoplasmic headpiece. Furthermore, SERCA precipitation with GST-PLB is reduced upon N-loop mutation. MD simulations of a SERCA-PLB docking model suggest that PLB phosphorylation facilitates an interaction of the PLB cytoplasmic domain with SERCA A-domain and the N-domain loop, leading to a more compact conformation of the SERCA headpiece. Indeed, we observe a change in FRET between SERCA and PLB after PLB phosphorylation, consistent with a conformational change of the SERCA-PLB complex. Together, our data implicate a small N-domain loop in SERCA transitioning to a compact conformation. This discrete loop might potentially become a new target for rational design of novel therapeutics to modulate SERCA activity.
Selective Procreation in Public and Private Law

This Article sets forth a new way to think about the ethics and law of choosing genetic traits in future children. And it applies this framework of offspring to controversies over efforts to select offspring traits including sex, race, intelligence, and deafness using methods ranging from donor selection to embryo screening and gene editing. I adapt the lens of ambivalence that Professor Robert Burt developed in the end-of-life context to illuminate an irreducible tension between the two values at stake in selective procreation. I call these values “acceptance” of the limits found in the natural world and “control” over the limits that nature imposes. The appeal of both resonates as much at life’s beginning as at its end. The resulting ambivalence counsels a complex regime to govern selective procreation that mediates the extremes of compulsion and prohibition in ambiguous and even contradictory ways. This regime would combine legal protections for offspring selection such as public subsidies, insurance mandates, tax breaks, and malpractice actions with measures to rein in that same practice as through sin taxes, counseling requirements, advertising limits, and prenatal “choice architecture.”
Adoption of fire prevention measures – Predictors in a representative German sample

Abstract Whereas for natural hazards a great deal of research has been conducted concerning the predictors of individual preparedness, there is an unusual shortcoming with respect to residential fires. This is all the more surprising as residential fires are far more common than natural disasters. This article investigates the applicability of findings on predictors of individual disaster preparedness for home fire prevention by means of a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted with a representative German sample (N = 2175). Data were obtained as part of the project “Rescue, Aid and Culture II” and analyzed using path analyses. Personal experience with and perceived likelihood of home fires were investigated as predictors for three preventive measures, namely smoke detectors, fire extinguishers and fire blankets. Additionally, the roles of perceived knowledge of preventive measures, perceived efficacy of these measures and self-efficacy were examined. In our models perceived knowledge was a significant predictor of all three preparedness measures. For the dependent variable fire extinguishers we found a partial mediation of the influence of perceived knowledge through perceived efficacy and self-efficacy. Personal experience proved to be significantly associated with the presence of smoke detectors and fire extinguishers, whereas perceived likelihood of a residential fire was associated with the presence of fire blankets. Overall we found evidence that some predictors of individual disaster preparedness are likewise important for residential fire preparedness, although the associations were less strong than expected.
Hormonal Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms in Gynecologic Cancer Survivors

The cases detailed above highlight symptom burden faced by patients rendered surgically menopausal in the setting of gynecological cancer and management considerations that treating healthcare providers must consider when helping to optimize the quality of life for this population. Potential options for therapy, special considerations, side effects, and treatment regimens for vasomotor symptom management in gynecological cancer survivors will be discussed.