cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sleepwalking and Its Variants in Adults

Nocturnal wanderings, especially when they occur in adults, have provided endless fascination, fear, perplexity, and occasional bemusement. Most often, nocturnal wanderings in adults are sleepwalking (SW) episodes. Frequent, chronic, and/or potentially injurious SW in adults is a parasomnia that usually begins as an incomplete arousal from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) 3 sleep. SW occurs at a peak age of 8–12 years, only a quarter continue beyond age 13 years. Epidemiological studies suggest that 2–4 % of adults sleepwalk at least once a year, but less than 0.5 % walk frequently. Most have a history of SW as children. Complex motor behaviors during sleep (such as eating, driving a motor vehicle, or sexual behavior) may be a variant of SW, but must be distinguished from other causes (e.g., rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, parasomnia overlap syndrome, drug impairment, dissociation, and even malingering). SW in adults tends to be chronic, often a persistence or recurrence of childhood SW, but then precipitated, primed, and/or triggered by a host of factors that impair arousal and deepen and fragment NREM 3 sleep. Other primary sleep disorders (especially obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs, or a circadian rhythm disorder) can precipitate or exacerbate SW, especially in individuals with a familial or genetic susceptibility for it. Video-polysomnography (PSG) is usually indicated. Treatment of SW consists of reassurance, education of the patient and family, setting up a safe sleep environment, identifying and treating other sleep disorders, and reducing or avoiding priming or precipitating factors. Video-PSG findings and indications for pharmacotherapy are reviewed.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: complications related to internal fixation.

In situ pinning and subtrochanteric osteotomy have been widely used in the operative treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphyses. A review of all operative procedures performed at Children's Orthopedic Hospital in Seattle, Washington from 1960 to 1982 was performed. In the 85 consecutive cases, there were 66 pinning procedures with a 30% incidence of pin penetration. In 18 cases of attempted pin removal, there was major difficulty in 11 (61%). In 1 3 cases of subtrochanteric osteotomy, there was a significant incidence of infection, chondrolysis, and implant complication with fair to good clinical results in 11 cases. From this series the author concludes that in situ pinning is technically difficult and that two pins are adequate. Hagie or Moore pins should not be used, because of difficult pin removal. Anterior bone graft epiphysiodesis may be the procedure of choice for slips of more than 35° to 40°. Key indexing terms: slipped capital femoral epiphysis, slipped epiphysis, internal fixation, in situ pinning, subtrochanteric osteotomy.
A Device for the Collection of 14Co2 from House Fly Larvae Reared Aseptically on a Synthetic Diet

Metabolism studies of radiolabelled compounds in animals may involve the necessity of trapping 14CO2 for complete radioanalysis. Insect and other arthropod metabolism studies are no exception, and several workers have collected expired 14CO2 from such organisms pretreated with radioactive compounds: the Madeira cockroach, Leucophaca maderae (F.) (Hopkins and Lofgren 1968), the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Hopkins et al. 1971), a tarantula, Aphonepelma sp. and the scorpion, Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing (Ross and Monroe 1970) and the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Ross and Monroe 1972).
INTRODUCTION: Keaton in context

The papers collected in this special issue on Buster Keaton share a commitment to locating the work of the now legendary comic actor and director within historically specific contexts. Drawing on v...
In vitro studies of erythrocyte-vascular endothelium interactions.

Abnormal interactions between red blood cells (RBCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial factors in causing vascular pathology in several diseases, including vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia and the development of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus and malaria. A mechanistic understanding of the specific nature of RBC–EC interactions and ensuing functional consequences can provide insights into the pathophysiology of RBC-related vascular disorders and a rational basis for developing novel therapies. This review discusses in vitro experimental models that are commonly used for investigating RBC–EC interactions, and current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of RBC–EC adhesion and EC functions modulated by RBCs. Because blood flow-induced mechanical forces and convective mass transfer play significant roles in regulating vascular events, it is necessary to develop advanced dynamic experimental models for elucidating RBC–EC interactions under well-controlled, physiologically relevant mechanical environments. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8719Tt, 8719Xx, 8718Ed
Review: β-blockers for hypertension increase risk for new-onset diabetes compared with nondiuretic antihypertensive agents

Source Citation Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman E, Messerli FH. A meta-analysis of 94 492 patients with hypertension treated with beta blockers to determine the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus....
Alternative Economic Futures: A Research Agenda for Progressive Management Scholarship

The papers in this Symposium reflect a growing body of work within and around the Academy of Management among scholars and activists who share a double conviction that (a) the socioeconomic structures that dominate the world today can and should be replaced by ones that better support human flourishing, and (b) the contours of more appropriate structures are already emerging. Members of this loose community of scholars and activists have different views of the root causes of the current structures’ inadequacy, and different views on what kinds of alternatives are the most promising, but we share a sense of urgency in questioning the prevailing political-economic (dis-)order. This introduction offers some thoughts on an agenda of research that might guide the work of this emerging community of progressive management scholarship.
Static and Dynamic Aeroelastic Tailoring With Variable Camber Control

This paper examines the use of a variable-camber continuous trailing-edge flap system for aeroservoelastic optimization of a transport wing box, the Common Research Model. Along with patch-level structural wing-box design variables, the quasi-steady and unsteady motions of the flap system are used as design variables, for maneuver load alleviation, cruise fuel burn reduction, and active flutter suppression. The resulting system is able to minimize structural weight and/or fuel burn while satisfying constraints upon elastic stresses, panel buckling, actuator hinge moments, flutter margins, actuator work, and control cost metrics. Limitations to this success are imposed by including load cases where the actuation system is not active (open-loop) in the optimization process. Large open-loop safety factors, for either maneuver loads or flutter, dilute the importance of the closed-loop actuation mechanism, whereas small open-loop safety factors may produce an overly flexible wing, prone to failure. Similar tra...
Supporting Formulary Decisions: The Discovery of New Facts or Constructed Evidence?

A critical question, given the growing importance of more targeted therapies to support personalized and precision medicine, is the credibility of the evidence base to support formulary decisions and pricing. On the one hand, for those who subscribe to the reference case model of the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, the decision rests upon the creation of modeled or simulated imaginary worlds and the application of threshold willingness-to-pay cost-per-QALY thresholds. On the other hand, for those who subscribe to the standards of normal science, the decision rests upon the ability to evaluate competing claims, both clinical and cost-effective, in a timeframe that is meaningful to a formulary committee. If we subscribe to the scientific method where the focus is on the discovery of new facts, untestable claims for clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness, such as created claims for lifetime cost per-quality-adjusted discounted life years (QALYs), are properly relegated to the category of pseudoscience. We have no idea, and will never know, whether the claims are right or even if they are wrong. If formulary decisions are to respect the standards of normal science then there has to be a commitment to claims evaluation. A willingness to accept new products provisionally, subject to an agreed protocol to support the evaluation of clinical and cost-effectiveness claims. This dichotomy between the standards of normal science and pseudoscience is explored in the context of published claims for cost-effectiveness and recommendations for product pricing in the US. Type: Commentary
Genetic factors influencing risk to orofacial clefts: today's challenges and tomorrow's opportunities.

Orofacial clefts include cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip and palate (CLP), which combined represent the largest group of craniofacial malformations in humans with an overall prevalence of one per 1,000 live births. Each of these birth defects shows strong familial aggregation, suggesting a major genetic component to their etiology. Genetic studies of orofacial clefts extend back centuries, but it has proven difficult to define any single etiologic mechanism because many genes appear to influence risk. Both linkage and association studies have identified several genes influencing risk, but these differ across families and across populations. Genome-wide association studies have identified almost two dozen different genes achieving genome-wide significance, and there are broad classes of ‘causal genes’ for orofacial clefts: a few genes strongly associated with risk and possibly directly responsible for Mendelian syndromes which include orofacial clefts as a key phenotypic feature of the syndrome, and multiple genes with modest individual effects on risk but capable of disrupting normal craniofacial development under the right circumstances (which may include exposure to environmental risk factors). Genomic sequencing studies are now underway which will no doubt reveal additional genes/regions where variants (sequence and structural) can play a role in controlling risk to orofacial clefts. The real challenge to medicine and public health is twofold: to identify specific genes and other etiologic factors in families with affected members and then to devise effective interventions for these different biological mechanisms controlling risk to complex and heterogeneous birth defects such as orofacial clefts.
In Vivo Imaging of Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hemostasis and thrombosis are complex processes, which require blood cellular components as well as plasma components. In vivo imaging is a powerful tool that is beginning to provide quantitative and dynamic insights into the field of thrombosis and hemostasis. This chapter provides an overview, how in vivo imaging provides an opportunity to complement and confirm data generated from in vitro studies in the physiological context.
Review of pathologic diagnosis in head and neck cancer patients: Why do it?

6032 Background: Our hospital mandates review of outside pathology prior to treatment. Previous studies of inter-institution pathology consultations have demonstrated discordance rates of approxima...
Reform and Religious Heterodoxy in Thomas Robert Malthus’s “Crises” and the First Edition of the Essay on the Principle of Population

The first edition of Thomas Robert Malthus’ Essay on the Principle of Population is best understood as an exploration of human nature and the role of necessity in shaping the individual and society. The author’s liberal education, both from his father and his tutors at Warrington and Cambridge, is evident in his heterodox views on hell, his Lockean conceptualization of the mind, and his Foxite Whig politics. Malthus’ unpublished essay, “Crises,” his sermons, and the the last two chapters of the Essay (which were excised from subsequent editions) reveal a pragmatic, compassionate side of the young author that was under appreciated by both his contemporary critics and modern historians. The Essay has been mischaracterized by David McNally (2000) as a “Whig response to Radicalism” and by Patricia James (1979) as a reaction by Malthus against his father’s liberalism. This article argues that when he wrote the first edition of the Essay on the Principle of Population , Malthus was himself a liberal dissenter and Foxite Whig rather than an orthodox Anglican or a Burkean defender of traditional class relations.
MICROBIAL CONTROL OF HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN COTTON: DOSAGE AND MANAGEMENT TRIALS

Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), infested with relatively low populations (untreated range: 0.3 – 0.7 larva/plant) of Heliothis spp. larvae was treated with varying mixtures of the nuclear polyhedr...
SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY: Translating Between Two Worlds

Publisher Summary Science threads its way throughout the entire federal government. Similarly, the range of issues addressed by the executive branch and by government at state and local levels is also dependent on science and technology. However, very few of the policymakers or policy-level staff in any of these settings have a background in science or engineering. This communication gap, combined with the growing importance of science and technology in society as a whole, has created a need for scientists who can work at the interface between science and public policy. Like scientists who pursue careers in the media, scientists in public policy are translators between two worlds filling a critically important need. The opportunities in science policy are diverse and are not easily defined. Although understandably diverse, this group—call them science policy wonks—shares a number of qualities: they are good communicators, particularly as writers; they have an interest in issues outside their discipline; and they work well with a variety of people. Science policy is a career field consisting of many niches. Like one's education, policy experience is money in the career bank.
Primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanomatosis: Description and recommendations

Primary melanocytic disease of the central nervous system is a rarely encountered condition currently without consensus on treatment and lacking major guidelines for management. Understanding the nature of the disease and differentiating primary melanocytic disease from the much more commonly encountered secondary (metastatic) melanoma is important in identifying the condition and pursuing appropriate treatment.
Long-Term Treatment with Green Tea Polyphenols Modifies the Gut Microbiome of Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) have been shown to exert a spectrum of health benefits to animals and humans. It is plausible that the beneficial effects of GTP are a result of its interaction with the gut microbiota. This study evaluated the effect of long-term treatment with GTP on the gut microbiota of experimental rats and the potential linkage between changes of the gut microbiota with the beneficial effects of GTP. Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three dosing regimens (0, 0.5%, and 1.5% of GTP) and followed for 6 months. At the end of month 3 or month 6, half of the animals from each group were sacrificed and their colon contents were collected for microbiome analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA and shotgun metagenomic community sequencing. GTP treatment significantly decreased the biodiversity and modified the microbial community in a dose-dependent manner; similar patterns were observed at both sampling times. Multiple operational taxonomic units and phylotypes were modified: the phylotypes Bacteroidetes and Oscillospira, previously linked to the lean phenotype in human and animal studies, were enriched; and Peptostreptococcaceae previously linked to colorectal cancer phenotype was depleted in GTP treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Several microbial gene orthologs were modified, among which genes related to energy production and conversion were consistently enriched in samples from month 6 in a dose-dependent manner. This study showed that long-term treatment with GTP induced a dose-dependent modification of the gut microbiome in experimental rats, which might be linked to beneficial effects of GTP.
Embracing Complexity and Complexity-Awareness in Marine Megafauna Conservation and Research

Conservation of marine megafauna is nested within an intricate tapestry of multiple ocean resource uses which are, in turn, embedded in a dynamic and complex ecological ocean system that varies and shifts across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Marine megafauna conservation is often further complicated by contemporaneous, and sometimes competing, social, economic and ecological factors and related management objectives. Advances in emerging technologies and applications, such as remotely-sensed oceanographic data, animal-based telemetry, novel computational analyses, innovations in structured decision making, and stakeholder engagement and policy are supporting complex systems and complexity-aware approaches to megafauna conservation and research. Here we discuss several applications that focus on megafauna fisheries bycatch and exemplify how complex systems and complexity-aware approaches that inherently acknowledge and account for the complexity of ocean systems can advance megafauna conservation and research. Emerging technologies, applications and approaches that embrace, rather than ignore, complexity can drive innovation and success in megafauna conservation and research.
Attack Detection and Mitigation Techniques in Industrial Control System -Smart Grid DNP3

Detection and mitigation strategies using statistical Bayesian approach is performed to analyze attacks on Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) environment related to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and the smart power grid. Our novel approach in this research paper is to create an attack detection model based on the Round Trip Time Delay (RTTD) for DNP3 transactions. Likelihood distribution for both legitimate and hacked transactions are modeled using Bayesian analysis. Both Maximum A Posterior probability (MAP) and the loss functions are utilized to optimize our threshold to ensure an improved attack detection accuracy. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) is also performed to show the effectiveness and the optimally of our detection mechanism.
Ocean Acidification and Coral Bleaching

Simultaneous with the increases in global sea surface temperature, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is driving changes in the chemistry of the oceans—a process known as ocean acidification. Over the last two decades, reef-related ocean acidification research has focused primarily on the consequences of elevated CO2 on calcification. The impacts of ocean acidification on other critical processes such as coral-algal symbioses and bleaching thresholds are less well known. In this chapter, I review the available literature on the impacts of ocean acidification on coral bleaching. I begin by providing context for ocean acidification and its impacts on coral reefs. I focus primarily on primary literature investigating the effects of CO2 on photophysiology, coral–algal symbioses, and bleaching responses while shedding light on information needs and unresolved issues. I also briefly touch on environmental factors other than temperature and ocean acidification that have the potential to influence coral bleaching responses (e.g., nutrients).
Detection and classification of whales calls using band-limited energy detection and transfer learning

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute has been recording since July 2015 almost continuously at the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) cabled observatory in Monterey Bay, California, USA. This long-term recording contains thousands of whale calls to help further our understanding of interannual, seasonal, and diel patterns. Here we report on our highly accurate detection and classification method developed to classify blue whale A, B, and D calls and Fin whale 20 Hz pulses. The foundation of the method is a computationally efficient and tuned decimation filter to convert the broadband hydrophone 128 kHz signal to 2 kHz which preserves the low-frequency signal and avoids any high-frequency aliasing. Detection is done using a band-limited-energy-detection filter to find potential calls in the decimated data. Spectrograms are then generated for potential calls and enhanced with local image normalization followed by smoothing by convolving in either time or frequency. Classification is done using the Google Inception v3 model with a transfer learning method. Overall, false positive rates are very low despite variability in whale call shape and background noise.The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute has been recording since July 2015 almost continuously at the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) cabled observatory in Monterey Bay, California, USA. This long-term recording contains thousands of whale calls to help further our understanding of interannual, seasonal, and diel patterns. Here we report on our highly accurate detection and classification method developed to classify blue whale A, B, and D calls and Fin whale 20 Hz pulses. The foundation of the method is a computationally efficient and tuned decimation filter to convert the broadband hydrophone 128 kHz signal to 2 kHz which preserves the low-frequency signal and avoids any high-frequency aliasing. Detection is done using a band-limited-energy-detection filter to find potential calls in the decimated data. Spectrograms are then generated for potential calls and enhanced with local image normalization followed by smoothing by convolving in either time or frequency. Classification is done us...
Predicting 3-D Lower Back Joint Load in Lifting: A Deep Pose Estimation Approach

Goal: Lifting is a common manual material handling task performed in the workplaces. It is considered as one of the main risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. An important criterion to identify the unsafe lifting task is the values of the net force and moment at L5/S1 joint. These values are mainly calculated in a laboratory environment, which utilizes marker-based sensors to collect three-dimensional (3-D) information and force plates to measure the external forces and moments. However, this method is usually expensive to set up, time-consuming in process, and sensitive to the surrounding environment. In this study, we propose a deep neural network (DNN)-based framework for 3-D pose estimation, which addresses the aforementioned limitations, and we employ the results for L5/S1 moment and force calculation. Methods: At the first step of the proposed framework, full body 3-D pose is captured using a DNN, then at the second step, estimated 3-D body pose along with the subject's anthropometric information is utilized to calculate L5/S1 join's kinetic by a top-down inverse dynamic algorithm. Results: To fully evaluate our approach, we conducted experiments using a lifting dataset consisting of 12 subjects performing various types of lifting tasks. The results are validated against a marker-based motion capture system as a reference. The grand mean ± SD of the total moment/force absolute errors across all the dataset was 9.06 ± 7.60 N·m/4.85 ± 4.85 N. Conclusion: The proposed method provides a reliable tool for assessment of the lower back kinetics during lifting and can be an alternative when the use of marker-based motion capture systems is not possible.
Dynamic Creativity: Influential Theory, Public Discourse, and Generative Possibility

This conceptual essay introduces dynamic creativity, bridging with influential theory, public discourse, and generative possibility. The concept of dynamic creativity grows out of literature referring to dynamics of creativity—both educational and cultural. Creative rhetoric in public discourse is also taken up for its global reach and especially because it assigns internationally competitive and economic functions to creativity. Discussion moves to select influential creativity theories—Beghetto and Kaufman’s 4-C Model of Creativity and Csikszentmihalyi’s systems model of creativity. A creative synthesis is ventured of these theories, foregrounding their dynamic possibilities, with graphical representation. A fifth C—Hidden-c—extends the theorizing about creativity with particular reference to Corazza’s theory of dynamic creativity while demonstrating dynamic creativity in a Chinese learning context. Illustrations of creativity reveal Canada and China’s different ways of relating to the high-stakes testing ethos and pressure to dominate on the world stage as creative innovators. The role of adopter and shaper of creativity models informs the author’s approach to this eclectic, layered work. Implications for continuing the conversation about dynamic creativity end this writing.
Effects of an Active Learning Approach on Students’ Motivation in an Engineering Course

Because there are many positive effects of active learning approaches on students’ motivation and achievement, some authors have recommended that these approaches be widely implemented. A research-intensive university located in the Mid-Atlantic US was interested in adopting this instructional technique, and therefore, experimented with it. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare and contrast the effects of an active learning approach on the motivation of students in a treatment and control group. The results of multiple independent sample t -tests showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups on several motivation constructs. We provide explanations for the lack of significant differences, as well as discuss limitations and future research.
Growth and water relations of Bt and non-Bt corn plants subjected to soil moisture stress

A study was conducted at the Iowa State University Ifinds Irrigation Farm, Ames, lA during the summers of 1997 and 1998 to compare the Bt and non-Bt versions of two maize (Zea mays, L.) hybrids. The plants were grown in buried, one meter deep, containers filled with a Nicollet loam (Aquic Hapludoll) soil. A rainout shelter protected the plots fi'om the interruption of water deficit by rainfall Irrigation was scheduled so that the plants experienced water deficit during the peak egg hatch of the first and second European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) generations. Water deficit during the vegetative period delayed leaf appearance and tasseling, reduced the area of individual leaves and plant height, but did not affect total leaf number. Thermal time requirement per leaf was different for the two years due to the interactive effect of photoperiod and cool temperatures. The lowest grain yields were observed when water deficit was imposed around tasseling. Biomass yield was lowest with vegetative period water deficit, but there was also a significant reduction when water deficit was imposed during the reproductive period. The amount of stalk tunneling by com borer larvae was not different between water deficit treatments, but Bt plants had significantly less tunneling by the second-generation larvae than non-Bt plants. Stressed and non-stressed plants differed significantly in leaf temperature, stomatal conductance and sap flow, but Bt and non-Bt plants did not. It was concluded that the introduction of the Bt gene into maize plants for a better resistance to European com borer did not affect their water relations. Transpiration measured by the sap flow technique was well correlated with Penman potential evapotranspiration, suggesting that this method is more suitable than porometry or infiared thermometry for plant transpiration measurements under varying environmental conditions. A
α-Synuclein facilitates dopamine release during burst firing of substantia nigra neurons in vivo

Abstract α-Synuclein is expressed at high levels at presynaptic terminals, but defining its role on neurotransmission under physiologically-relevant conditions has proven elusive. We report that α-synuclein is responsible for a rapid facilitation of dopamine release during action potential bursts in vivo. This occurs in tandem with a far slower stimulus-dependent depression, appears to be independent of the presence of β- and γ-synucleins or effects on presynaptic calcium and is consistent with a role for synucleins in the enhancement of synaptic vesicle fusion and turnover. The results indicate that the presynaptic effects of α-synuclein are dependent on specific patterns of neuronal activity.
The Macroeconomics of Corporate Debt

The 2020 COVID-19 crisis can spur research on firms’ corporate finance decisions and their macroeconomic implications, similar to the wave of important research on banking and household finance triggered by the 2008 financial crisis What are the relevant corporate finance mechanisms in this crisis? Modeling dynamics and timing considerations are likely important, as is integrating corporate financing considerations into modern quantifiable macroeconomics models Recent empirical work, including articles in this special issue, on the drag from debt in the COVID-19 crisis provides a first glimpse into the new research agenda
The Professor, the Anteater, and the Spellbound Boys: The Case for Spontaneous Interpretation:

An anecdote is presented involving an anteater skin, some boys, and Samuel Latham Mitchill, an early American statesman and scientist. The story is a reminder that spontaneous interpretation can be...
Identifying HbA1c trajectories and modifiable risk factors of trajectories in 5- to 9-year-olds with recent-onset type 1 diabetes from the United States.

OBJECTIVE To explore glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) patterns in 5- to 9-year-olds in the recent-onset period of type 1 diabetes and identify parent psychosocial factors that may predict children's HbA1c trajectory using a prospective, longitudinal design. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured family demographics and parent psychosocial factors at baseline. We collected HbA1c levels from children every 3 months for up to 30 months. Deriving several features around HbA1c trends, we used k-means clustering to group trajectories and linear and logistic regressions to identify parent psychosocial predictors of children's HbA1c trajectories. RESULTS The final cohort included 106 families (48 boys, mean child age 7.50 ± 1.35 years and mean diabetes duration 4.71 ± 3.19 months). We identified four unique HbA1c trajectories in children: high increasing, high stable, intermediate increasing and low stable. Compared to a low stable trajectory, increasing parent-reported hypoglycaemia fear total score was associated with decreased odds of having a high stable or intermediate increasing trajectory. Increasing parent-reported diabetes-specific family conflict total score was associated with increased odds of having a high stable or intermediate increasing trajectory. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to identify distinct HbA1c trajectories in 5- to 9-year-olds with recent-onset type 1 diabetes as well as parent psychosocial factors that may predict high stable or increasing trajectories and could represent future treatment targets.
Gynecologic cancers

Gynecologic carcinomas represent approximately 13% of all cancers in women. Epidemiologic data indicate that different etiologic agents are important in cervical, endometrial, and ovarian carcinomas. Cervical carcinoma has the characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease, whereas the data for endometrial and ovarian carcinomas are consistent with hormonally mediated processes. The incidence and prognosis of cervical and endometrial carcinomas in various ethnic populations in the United States is different. However, known germ line and somatic genetic alterations that play a role in gynecologic carcinogenesis appear to be similar in minority and majority populations. Cancer 1998;83:1751-1756. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Plasma Arginine and Citrulline are Elevated in Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract Purpose To determine if plasma levels of six arginine and citrulline-related metabolites (arginine, citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA], ornithine, proline, and argininosuccinate) differ between patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and type 2 diabetic controls or between patients with proliferative DR (PDR) and non-proliferative DR (NPDR). Design Cross-sectional study Methods Adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from the Vanderbilt Eye Institute. Exclusion criteria included non-diabetic retinal disease. Plasma metabolite levels were quantified in 159 diabetic controls and 156 DR patients (92 NPDR, 64 PDR) using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Metabolite levels were compared using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes duration, statin use, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use. A secondary analysis that included creatinine in the regression model was performed for the subset of patients with available creatinine values (135 diabetic controls, 100 DR patients [58 NPDR, 42 PDR]). Results Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined arginine (OR = 1.20, [1.06-1.38], P = 0.0067) and citrulline (OR = 1.53, [1.20-1.98], P = 0.0025) were significantly elevated in DR patients compared to diabetic controls. While ADMA differed between NPDR and PDR patients in the primary analysis (OR = 1.56, [1.15-2.16], P = 0.0051), it was not significantly different when adjusting for creatinine (OR = 1.30, [0.90-1.91], P = 0.15). Conclusions Plasma arginine and citrulline were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with DR compared to diabetic controls. None of the tested metabolites significantly differed between NPDR and PDR patients in the adjusted analysis.
Government Failure vs. the Market Process during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper argues that government policies such as lockdowns and command and control regulation of businesses have not efficiently addressed the nature of the COVID-19 externality because these interventions fail to take account of insights from standard price theory about the reciprocal nature of externalities and the allocation of rights such that least cost avoiders adjust behavior. Furthermore these interventions stifled the market’s entrepreneurial adjustment process that partially ameliorates the externalities over time.
Primary product network size on complementary product sales: Moderating effects of customer characteristics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between primary product network size and the sales of complementary products, and to suggest customer characteristics moderating this relationship.Design/methodology/approach – A panel dataset in the online video game industry was used to verify the proposed theoretical framework. Two‐level hierarchical linear modeling is used to test several hypotheses.Findings – The authors' analysis results suggest there is a positive relationship between the primary product network size and the sales of complementary products. Also, two customer characteristics (previous transaction value and customer purchase frequency) were found to positively influence the complementary product sales. The primary product's network size has a stronger impact on complementary product sales for light buyers compared to heavy buyers.Research limitations/implications – This study only focused on online video industry, and the price differentiation of the products might n...
Characterization of different biological types of steers (cycle IV) : Wholesale, subprimal, and retail product yields

Carcass cut-out yields of 888 steers obtained from mating Hereford and Angus cows to Hereford or Angus (HA), Charolais (Ch), Gelbvieh (Gb), Pinzgauer (Pz), Shorthorn (Sh), Galloway (Gw), Longhorn (Lh), Nellore (Ne), Piedmontese (Pm), and Salers (Sa) sires were compared. Data were evaluated at constant age (426 d), carcass weight (324 kg), fat thickness (1.2 cm), fat trim percentage (23%), and marbling (Small(00)) end points. Piedmontese-sired steers excelled in total retail product and fat trim percentages at all slaughter end points except at the 23% fat trim end point. At an age end point, percentage of retail product was greater in steers sired by Continental European breeds (Gb, Ch, Sa, Pz; 63.3 to 65.5% at 0 cm trim) than in steers sired by British breeds (Sh, HA; 60.1 to 61.0%). Piedmontese-sired steers, which were expected to carry one copy of a major gene for muscle hypertrophy, had the highest (P .05) for Piedmontese and Charolais-sired steers. Differences among sire breeds were small for retail product percentage at marbling, fat thickness, and fat trim end points. Ranking of sire breeds for age-constant weight of retail product was as follows: Ch, Pm, Gb, Sa, Ne, Pz, HA, Sh, Gw, and Lh. Sire breed differences in wholesale and subprimal cut yields were similar to total retail product differences. Piedmontese-sired steers produced the most muscular, leanest, and highest-yielding carcasses, and HA- and Sh-sired steers produced the fattest, lowest-yielding carcasses.
Ultimatum bargaining by children and adults

Recent research on ultimatum bargaining, the fact that children often confront and use ultimatums, and theories of developmental psychology all combine to suggest that studying children's ultimatum behavior will be particularly enlightening, both theoretically and with respect to the development of bargaining behavior. The results from two experiments indicate that younger children made larger offers and accepted smaller offers than older participants. Boys took greater strategic advantage of asymmetric information than girls; this dichotomy began with nine-year-olds (third graders) and continued for twelve- and fifteen-year-olds (sixth and ninth graders) as well as for college students. Like adults, children accepted smaller offers when they did not know how much was being divided. Older children required increasingly higher offers, except for college students who were willing to accept considerably less than others. Also, some of the nine-year-olds displayed an extremely strong sense of fairness. The discussion focuses on the development of bargaining strategies and concerns for fairness.
HOPE: a genetic algorithm for the unequal area facility layout problem

Abstract The paper discusses the application of an evolutionary computation technique for the design of efficient facilities. Genetic algorithms (GA) have been applied to heuristically solve a number of combinatorial problems such as scheduling, the traveling salesman problem and the quadratic assignment problem. We apply GA to the layout problem which arises frequently in the design of manufacturing and service organizations to find “good” solutions. In this paper we outline a GA based algorithm for solving the single-floor facility layout problem. We consider departments of both equal and unequal sizes. The GAs performance is evaluated using several test problems available in the literature. The results indicate that GA may provide a better alternative in a realistic environment where the objective is to find a number of “reasonably good” layouts. The implementation also provides the flexibility of having fixed departments and to interactively modify the layouts produced.
Synchrotrons and industrial structural biology

Pharmaceutical and chemical companies play an increasingly significant role in the use and development of synchrotron facilities for structural biology.
A room-temperature electrochemical sensor and instrument for monitoring methane

Abstract Electrochemical sensors at room temperature that quantitatively detect methane in air have been developed. Methane is directly oxidized using a highly anodic working-electrode potential and a non-aqueous electrolyte. Stable and durable sensors have been fabricated that incorporate sintered glass wicks and glass fibre filters as electrolyte reservoirs. The monitoring instrument has two potentiostats that regulate two sensors, one of which is used to compensate for background current variations. The instrument requires less than 250 mW to power all components. The response of the monitor is proportional to methane concentration over a wide range, from the minimum detectable concentration (0.6% methane in air) to 100% methane. It is also substantially independent of fluctuations in relative humidity and flow rate. The response time is less than one minute to 90% of signal at a flow rate of 100 cm3/min. The monitor exhibits a net sensitivity of 0.5 – 1 μA/% CH4. It also exhibits low sensitivity to parts-per-million levels of CO or NO2, but yields measurable responses to 0.3% H2, 49 ppm NO and 50% C2H6.
Cell-density-regulated chemotactic responsiveness of keratinocytes in vitro.

Keratinocytes represent the main constituents of the epidermis and have been found to play a regulatory role in a variety of inflammatory skin diseases. The functional activity of keratinocytes is highly heterogeneous, and depends on the cell localization in the epidermal architecture, and the maturation or differentiation state of the cells. Spontaneously proliferating HaCaT cells, showing several similarities to basal epidermal keratinocytes, were found to respond to external chemoattractants, including the chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) and interleukin-8 and the µ-opioid agonist DAMGO ([d-ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin) in migration assays. The chemotactic responsiveness was highly dependent on the cell density of the monolayer, with greatest chemotactic activity at the highest cell density. Whereas RANTES was found to be the most potent chemoattractant, constitutive RANTES production was also detected in the HaCaT cultures. We found an inverse correlation between constitutive RANTES production and chemotactic responsiveness toward external RANTES, suggesting a possible functional down-modulation of the RANTES receptors, CC chemokine receptor 1 and CC chemokine receptor 5, during culture. Results from confocal laser scanning microscopy showed reduced CC chemokine receptor 1, but not CC chemokine receptor 5, expression by HaCaT cells at low cell densities, which was abolished in the presence of neutralizing antibodies against RANTES. The total CC chemokine receptor 1 pool (surface and intracellular receptors), however, showed no significant change during in vitro culture. Chemotactic responsiveness toward RANTES was directly correlated with the level of CC chemokine receptor 1 surface expression. Taken together these results show that with keratinocyte proliferation and the progressive increase in cell density there are dramatic alterations in keratinocyte function.
Connecting power with locus of control in marketing channel relationships: a response surface approach

Abstract Power and control are core issues in marketing channel management, yet the effect of power on locus of control remains an enigma. The study reported here identifies theoretical and methodological hurdles for explicating that link and develops a set of hypotheses about the asymmetric effect of power on locus of control with new theoretical perspectives. The authors introduce an analytical tool to capture both linear and nonlinear effects of power on locus of control on a response surface and test the hypotheses with data collected through a national survey of industrial distributors. The analysis results support the prediction that a distributor's own power and supplier power as is perceived by the distributor have asymmetric effects on locus of control and provide more fine-grained accounts on the relationships among distributor power, supplier power, and locus of control in an interfirm dyad.
Automatic tag recommendation algorithms for social recommender systems

The emergence of Web 2.0 and the consequent success of social network Web sites such as Del.icio.us and Flickr introduce us to a new concept called social bookmarking, or tagging. Tagging is the action of connecting a relevant user-defined keyword to a document, image, or video, which helps the user to better organize and share their collections of interesting stuff. With the rapid growth of Web 2.0, tagged data is becoming more and more abundant on the social network Web sites. An interesting problem is how to automate the process of making tag recommendations to users when a new resource becomes available.In this article, we address the issue of tag recommendation from a machine learning perspective. From our empirical observation of two large-scale datasets, we first argue that the user-centered approach for tag recommendation is not very effective in practice. Consequently, we propose two novel document-centered approaches that are capable of making effective and efficient tag recommendations in real scenarios. The first, graph-based, method represents the tagged data in two bipartite graphs, (document, tag) and (document, word), then finds document topics by leveraging graph partitioning algorithms. The second, prototype-based, method aims at finding the most representative documents within the data collections and advocates a sparse multiclass Gaussian process classifier for efficient document classification. For both methods, tags are ranked within each topic cluster/class by a novel ranking method. Recommendations are performed by first classifying a new document into one or more topic clusters/classes, and then selecting the most relevant tags from those clusters/classes as machine-recommended tags.Experiments on real-world data from Del.icio.us, CiteULike, and BibSonomy examine the quality of tag recommendation as well as the efficiency of our recommendation algorithms. The results suggest that our document-centered models can substantially improve the performance of tag recommendations when compared to the user-centered methods, as well as topic models LDA and SVM classifiers.
Evaluation of ionic fluids as lubricants in manufacturing

Abstract Ionic fluids are liquid salts that have been investigated for a number of applications, including catalysis, their use as solvents and electrically conducting fluids. Chemically, they consist of ionically bonded species, and depending on the cation and anion, can be extremely valuable in the chemical processing industry. Another characteristic that makes them useful is a high viscosity and good lubrication properties. This paper examines a number of ionic fluids, and determines their suitability as lubricants. This involves determining rheological properties, including viscosity and high-pressure viscosity, generally using a Barus law. In addition, their traction behavior is measured to evaluate their lubricating properties. Since metalworking fluids (and lubricants in general) are used in non-isothermal situations, the thermal conductivity of these fluids have also been measured.
Textures in /sup 3/He-A: Hydrodynamic and magnetic effects in a slab

The Ginzburg-Landau equations are used to analyze the equilibrium configuration of $^{3}\mathrm{He}\ensuremath{-}A$ in a slab, subject to either a bulk hydrodynamic flow or a uniform tipped magnetic field. Both perturbations can induce an orientational transition from an essentially uniform texture to one with large deformations. The associated phase boundaries are determined both variationally and exactly.