cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acylation of Egg White Proteins with Acetic Anhydride and Succinic Anhydride

Abstract Egg white was acylated with acetic anhydride and succinic anhydride. Addition of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 moles of acylating reagent per 50,000 g of egg white protein modified 10, 24, 40, 48, and 60% of the free amino groups, respectively. Functional group analyses indicated that the phenolic group of tyrosine and the hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine did not react with the anhydrides. Sulfhydryl groups were modified 1 to 6% at the 25 mole level of acetic and succinic anhydride, respectively. Conalbumin's ability to complex iron was impaired. Lysozyme was inactivated at levels of addition above 10 m of succinic anhydride and at levels of added acetic anhydride above 20 m. Polyacrylamide electrophoretograms indicated that considerable protein charge alteration occurred. Succinylated egg whit e exhibited improved heat stability and foaming ability, and there was no change in angel cake performance. Acetylation diminished heat stability, improved foaming ability, and at the 20 mole level diminished performance in angel cakes. These results show that chemical and functional properties of egg white protein can be significantly altered by relatively mild acylation reactions.
Continuum polarization transfer in 500 MeV proton scattering and pionic collectivity in nuclei

A complete set of polarization transfer observables was measured for inclusive 500 MeV proton scattering from $^{2}\mathrm{H}$, Ca(nat.), and Pb(nat.) at ${\mathrm{theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=18.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (q=1.75 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$). The excitation energy ranged over the entire quasielastic peak from 20 to 100 MeV. Longitudinal and transverse spin-flip probabilities were extracted from the data. These have simple model-dependent connections to the spin-longitudinal and transverse response functions for the heavy targets. Detailed analysis of the data reveals no evidence for collective enhancement in the spin-longitudinal response function. The relation of this analysis to the interpretation of the European Muon Collaboration effect in terms of excess pions is discussed in detail.
Definitive cytopathologic characteristics of primary oral melanoma.

Abstract A case of melanoma of the floor of the mouth, in which a definitive cytologic diagnosis from smears was possible, is reported.
PAIN AND SYMPTOM CONTROL: Patient Rights and Physician Responsibilities

In considering the care of patients with incurable and terminal diseases, there are three types of interventions: (1) palliative care and symptom management; (2) experimental therapies; and (3) active life-ending interventions. Relief of pain, other symptoms, and suffering should be the basic and standard treatment; the other interventions are meant to supplement, not replace, this intervention. This means the physician's primary obligation is to inform patients about the options for palliative care and to provide quality palliative care. Thus, physicians who care for terminally ill patients have an obligation to keep their knowledge base and skills in palliative care current. In those circumstances in which a patient's needs exceeds the physician's knowledge and skills, physicians have a responsibility to refer the patient to a palliative care specialist. With regard to experimental therapies, physicians must obtain full informed consent, provide especially accurate data on the risks and benefits of experimental therapies, and ensure that the patient understands the aims of the proposed therapy. Regarding active life-ending therapies, physicians have the obligation to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment if the patient so desires and to provide adequate pain medication even if this hastens death. Even if euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide are legalized, there is unlikely to be an obligation to provide this intervention.
Psychometrics in nursing research—further development of the interpersonal conflict scale

The importance of ongoing refinement of measurement tools is illustrated by describing the methodology for further development of an Interpersonal Conflict scale. A third dimension, that of Sexual Need, was defined and added to the original sub-scales of Interaction Need and Emotional Need. Thirty-one Sexual Need items were formulated and incorporated into the original scale and the revised list was submitted to a sample of 212 subjects. The methods used to study content and face validity are discussed; factor analytic techniques for assessing construct validity and reliability of the Sexual Need dimension are presented. Six alternate forms of approximately equal reliability were developed for repeated measurements over time. The overall analyses are discussed within a framework of the relationship between fulfillment of psychosocial needs and marital conflict.
SIRT2 is a negative regulator of anoxia–reoxygenation tolerance via regulation of 14-3-3 ζ and BAD in H9c2 cells

Knockdown or inhibition of SIRT2 enhances biological stress-tolerance. We extend this phenotype showing that SIRT2 knockdown reduces anoxia–reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells. Gene array analysis following SIRT2 siRNA knockdown identifies 14-3-3 ζ as the most robustly induced gene. SIRT2 knockdown evokes induction of this chaperone, facilitating cytosolic sequestration of BAD with a corresponding reduction in mitochondrial BAD localization. Concurrent siRNA against SIRT2 and 14-3-3 ζ abolishes the SIRT2-depleted cytoprotective phenotype. SIRT2 functions to moderate cellular stress-tolerance, in part, by modulating the levels of 14-3-3 ζ with the concordant control of BAD subcellular localization.
Neurobiological responses to stereotactic focal irradiation of the adult rodent hippocampus.

Radiation effectively treats brain tumors and other pathologies but dose and treatment plans are limited by normal tissue injury, a major cause of morbidity in survivors. Clinically significant normal tissue injury can occur even with therapies that target pathological tissue and limit out-of-target irradiation. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying normal tissue injury is facilitated by studying the effects of focal irradiation and comparing irradiated and un-irradiated tissue in experimental animals. Young adult rats were irradiated using the Leksell Gamma Knife® with a 10 Gy maximum dose directed at the left hippocampus and shaped to minimize irradiation contralaterally. At least 95% of targeted hippocampus received ≥ 3 Gy, while all points in the contralateral hippocampus received < 0.3 Gy. Neuronal and microglial markers of damage were assessed in the targeted and contralateral hemispheres of Gamma Knife®-treated rats and compared to non-irradiated controls. Acute cell death and sustained changes in neurogenesis and in microglia occurred in the dentate gyrus of the targeted, but not the contralateral, hippocampus, providing experimental evidence that focal irradiation at doses received by peri-target regions during targeted radiation therapy produces robust normal tissue responses. Additional studies using this approach will facilitate assessment of in vivo dose responses and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury.
Predicting long-term kidney graft survival: Can new trials be performed?

Background. As short-term transplant results improve, it has become difficult to use patient or graft survival or acute rejection as clinical trial endpoints, except in large, multicenter studies. Despite better outcomes, graft failure continues over time.Methods. We studied 6- and 12-month creatini
Myosin binding surface on actin probed by hydroxyl radical footprinting and site-directed labels.

Actin and myosin are the two main proteins required for cell motility and muscle contraction. The structure of their strongly bound complex - rigor state - is a key for delineating the functional mechanism of actomyosin motor. Current knowledge of that complex is based on models obtained from the docking of known atomic structures of actin and myosin subfragment 1 (S1; the head and neck region of myosin) into low-resolution EM electron density maps, which precludes atomic or side chain level information. Here, we use radiolytic protein footprinting for global mapping of sites across the actin molecules that are impacted directly or allosterically by myosin binding to actin filaments. Fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and cysteine actin mutants are used for independent, residue-specific probing of S1 effects on two structural elements of actin. We identify actin residue candidates involved in S1 binding, and provide experimental evidence to discriminate between the regions of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Focusing on the role of the DNase-I binding loop (D-loop) and the W-loop residues of actin in their interactions with S1, we found that the emission properties of acrylodan and the mobility of EPR spin labels attached to cysteine mutants of these residues change strongly and in a residue-specific manner upon S1 binding, consistent with the recently proposed direct contacts of these loops with S1. As documented in this study, the direct and indirect changes on actin induced by myosin are more extensive than known until now and attest to the importance of actin dynamics to actomyosin function.
Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase Is Required for Retrograde Injury Signaling and Axonal Regeneration

Here we demonstrate that the dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) promotes robust regeneration of peripheral axons after nerve injury in mice. Peripheral axon regeneration is accelerated by prior injury; however, DLK KO neurons do not respond to a preconditioning lesion with enhanced regeneration in vivo or in vitro. Assays for activation of transcription factors in injury-induced proregenerative pathways reveal that loss of DLK abolishes upregulation of p-STAT3 and p-cJun in the cell body after axonal injury. DLK is not required for the phosphorylation of STAT3 at the site of nerve injury but is necessary for retrograde transport of p-STAT3 to the cell body. These data demonstrate that DLK enhances regeneration by promoting a retrograde injury signal that is required for the activation of the neuronal proregenerative program.
On the Crystallization of 2D Hexagonal Lattices

It is a fundamental problem to understand why solids form crystals at zero temperature and how atomic interaction determines the particular crystal structure that a material selects. In this paper we focus on the zero temperature case and consider a class of atomic potentials V = V 2 + V 3, where V 2 is a pair potential of Lennard-Jones type and V 3 is a three-body potential of Stillinger-Weber type. For this class of potentials we prove that the ground state energy per particle converges to a finite value as the number of particles tends to infinity. This value is given by the corresponding value for a optimal hexagonal lattice, optimized with respect to the lattice spacing. Furthermore, under suitable periodic or Dirichlet boundary condition, we show that the minimizers do form a hexagonal lattice.
Optimizing hybrid metrology through a consistent multi-tool parameter set and uncertainty model

There has been significant interest in hybrid metrology as a novel method for reducing overall measurement uncertainty and optimizing measurement throughput (speed) through rigorous combinations of two or more different measurement techniques into a single result. This approach is essential for advanced 3-D metrology when performing model-based critical dimension measurements. However, a number of fundamental challenges present themselves with regard to consistent noise and measurement uncertainty models across hardware platforms, and the need for a standardized set of model parameters. This is of paramount concern when the various techniques have substantially different models and underlying physics. In this paper we present realistic examples using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and optical critical dimension (CD) methods applied to sub-20 nm dense feature sets. We will show reduced measurement uncertainties using hybrid metrology on 15 nm CD features and evaluate approaches to adapt quantitative hybrid metrology into a high volume manufacturing environment.
Inbreeding Depression in Two Seed-Feeding Beetles, Callosobruchus Maculatus and Stator Limbatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Inbreeding depression is well documented in insects but the degree to which inbreeding depression varies among populations within species, and among traits within populations, is poorly studied in insects other than Drosophila. Inbreeding depression was examined in two long-term laboratory colonies of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), which are used frequently as models for experiments in ecology, evolution and behaviour. Inbreeding depression in these laboratory colonies are compared with one recently field-collected population of a different seed beetle, Stator limbatus Horn. Inbreeding reduced embryogenesis, egg hatch and larval survival in both species, such that eggs produced by sib matings were >17% less likely to produce an adult offspring. Inbred larvae also took 4-6% longer to develop to emergence in both species. Inbreeding depression varied among the measured traits but did not differ between the two populations of C. maculatus for any trait, despite the large geographic distance between source populations (western Africa vs. southern India). Inbreeding depression was similar in magnitude between C. maculatus and S. limbatus. This study demonstrates that these laboratory populations of C. maculatus harbour substantial genetic loads, similar to the genetic load of populations of S. limbatus recently collected from the field.
Protein metabolism during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in injured rats using medium-chain triglycerides☆☆☆★

Abstract There are metabolic limitations to the infusion of large quantities of dextrose in critically ill patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Of the alternative, nonprotein lipid sources, medium chain triglycerides (carbon chain length 8 and 10) are more rapidly oxidized and are deposited in the adipose tissue at rates much less than long chain triglycerides. In rats with burn injury receiving hypocaloric (dextrose and amino acids) parenteral feeding, we studied the changes in protein metabolism as a result of increasing the caloric intake by 33% by the addition of either dextrose, a soybean oil emulsion, a medium chain triglyceride emulsion, or a structured lipid emulsion of triglycerides synthesized from safflower oil (40%) and medium chain triglycerides (60%). Changes in body weight, blood glucose concentration, β-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, amino acids, insulin, albumin, liver protein content, and nitrogen balance were measured during three days of feeding. Whole body leucine kinetics and muscle protein fractional synthetic rate were evaluated using a constant intravenous infusion of l -[1- 14 C] leucine. The addition of dextrose or soybean oil emulsion produced a significant increase in body weight and liver nitrogen but did not change albumin concentrations or leucine kinetics compared to those of the hypocaloric feeding group. Rats receiving medium chain triglycerides and structured lipid emulsions showed a reduction in branched chain amino acid concentrations and an improvement in serum albumin levels. However, the rats receiving the structured lipid emulsion also showed increased body weight, had a significant decrease in leucine oxidation, and showed a three day cumulative nitrogen balance significantly greater than zero. These results demonstrate that in comparison to dextrose or soybean oil emulsions supplementation of an intravenous diet with a structured lipid emulsion containing safflower oil and medium chain triglycerides uniquely decreases leucine oxidation and improves protein utilization, as well as improving visceral protein status.
Assessing Persistent Cancer Pain: A Comparison of Current Pain Ratings and Pain Recalled from the Past Week

Recent guidelines developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the use of patient-reported outcomes discuss the rating of pain and other symptoms at their current level of severity versus rating these symptoms using a recall period, such as the past 24 hours or past week. To explore whether the overall experience of cancer patients is better represented by ratings of current pain or pain recalled from the past week, we conducted a secondary analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group data from 1147 patients with cancer who had reported having persistent pain during the past week. Patients used the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) to rate their current pain along with their pain at its worst, least, and average during the past week. T-tests were used to compare ratings of current pain and pain recalled from the past week. Linear regressions described the extent to which the various pain ratings contributed to overall pain interference, also derived from the BPI. Overall, patients rated their current pain as less severe than their worst or average pain recalled from the past week. Worst pain recalled from the past week contributed most to ratings of pain interference. These findings indicate that ratings of recalled worst pain, rather than ratings of current pain, might better reflect the overall experience of pain and its impact on function in cancer patients with persistent pain. Our results provide information that might guide the choice of recall period for cancer clinical trials with pain as a self-reported outcome.
E-science infrastructures for molecular modeling and parametrization

Abstract E-science infrastructures are becoming the essential tools for computational scientific research. In this paper, we describe two e-science infrastructures: Science and Engineering Applications Grid (SEAGrid) and molecular modeling and parametrization (ParamChem). The SEAGrid is a virtual organization with a diverse set of hardware and software resources and provides services to access such resources in a routine and transparent manner. These essential services include allocations of computational resources, client-side application interfaces, computational job and data management tools, and consulting activities. ParamChem is another e-science project dedicated for molecular force-field parametrization based on both ab-initio and molecular mechanics calculations on high performance computers (HPCs) driven by scientific workflow middleware services. Both the projects share a similar three-tier computational infrastructure that consists of a front-end client, a middleware web services layer, and a remote HPC computational layer. The client is a Java Swing desktop application with components for pre- and post-data processing, communications with middleware server and local data management. The middleware service is based on Axis2 web service and MySQL relational database, which provides functionalities for user authentication and session control, HPC resource information collections, discovery and matching, job information logging and notification. It can also be integrated with scientific workflow to manage computations on HPC resources. The grid credentials for accessing HPCs are delegated through MyProxy infrastructure. Currently SEAGrid has integrated several popular application software suites such as Gaussian for quantum chemistry, NAMD for molecular dynamics and engineering software such as Abacus for mechanical engineering. ParamChem has integrated CGenFF (CHARMM General Force-Field) for molecular force-field parametrization of drug-like molecules. Long-term storage of user data is handled by tertiary data archival mechanisms. SEAGrid science gateway serves more than 500 users while more than 1000 users use ParamChem services such as atom typing and initial force-field parameter guess at present.
On the mechanism of mucosal folding in normal and asthmatic airways

Wiggs, Barry R., Constantine A. Hrousis, Jeffrey M. Drazen, and Roger D. Kamm. On the mechanism of mucosal folding in normal and asthmatic airways. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1814–1821, 1997.—Previou...
Waste to bioproduct conversion with undefined mixed cultures: the carboxylate platform

Our societies generate increasing volumes of organic wastes. Considering that we also need alternatives to oil, an opportunity exists to extract liquid fuels or even industrial solvents from these abundant wastes. Anaerobic undefined mixed cultures can handle the complexity and variability of organic wastes, which produces carboxylates that can be efficiently converted to useful bioproducts. However, to date, barriers, such as inefficient liquid product separation and persistence of methanogens, have prevented the production of bioproducts other than methane. Here, we discuss combinations of biological and chemical pathways that comprise the ‘carboxylate platform’, which is used to convert waste to bioproducts. To develop the carboxylate platform into an important system within biorefineries, we must understand the kinetic and thermodynamic possibilities of anaerobic pathways, understand the ecological principles underlying pathway alternatives, and develop superior separation technologies.
African-American Conceptions of Literacy: A Historical Perspective

(1992). African‐American conceptions of literacy: A historical perspective. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 31, Literacy and the African-American Learner/The Struggle Between Access and Denial, pp. 276-286.
The Effect of Motorized Spinal Decompression Delivered via SpineMED Combined with Physical Therapy Modalities for Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy

Purpose) The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a 4-week course of motorized spinal decompression delivered via SpineMED combined with physical therapy modalities on the treatment of patients with cervical radiculopathy (CRP). (Subjects) A total of 10 patients with CRP (mean age, 34.70 years; age range, 23-48 years) participated in the study. (Methods) A 4-week course of spinal decompression delivered via SpineMED combined with physical therapy modalities was delivered to the patients for 6 days per week for the first two weeks, and four times per week for two additional weeks. The entire treatment consisted of 20 visits over 4-week period. Comparisons of changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) at pre-intervention and at discharge were analyzed using the paired t-test. (Results) There was a significant improvement in the outcome measures of VAS and NDI after 20 sessions of spinal decompression combined with physical therapy modalities. The mean values of discharge for VAS and NDI were reduced by 21% and 14% respectively, as compared with their mean values at pre-intervention. (Conclusion) The results from the present study suggest that the use of motorized spinal decompression delivered via SpineMED combined with physical therapy modalities appears to be a safe and efficacious, noninvasive treatment modality for patients with CRP.
Residual Entropy of Square Ice

At low temperatures, ice has a residual entropy, presumably caused by an indeterminacy in the positions of the hydrogen atoms. While the oxygen atoms are in a regular lattice, each O-H-O bond permits two possible positions for the hydrogen atom, subject to certain constraints called the “ice condition.” The statement of the problem in two dimensions is to find the number of ways of drawing arrows on the bonds of a square planar net so that precisely two arrows point into each vertex. If N is the number of molecules and (for large N) W N is the number of arrangements, then S = Nk lnW. Our exact result is W = (4/3)3/2.
Power feedback control in cylindrical plunge grinding with an inner repetitive position control loop

This paper describes the design of a power controller for cylindrical plunge grinding, which controls the power consumed by the grinding wheel by regulating the plunge feed. A mathematical model relating the power to the plunge feed has also been developed and quantified herein with machining data. Based on this model, a proportional plus integral (PI) controller has been designed and tuned to fulfill time response specifications. An inner position loop was also designed and implemented inside the closed power loop to guarantee a stable power response. The commanded position is generated by sending small steps for the servo to follow. In this way, the stiction can be treated as a perturbation with constant period, and its effect can be mitigated using repetitive controller - a subclass of learning control. Both controllers were implemented and tested on an open architecture cylindrical-grinding machine. The repetitive controller was shown to be effective by repeated learning to eliminate the periodic friction effect. The grinding controller show a robust response to changes in the width of cut, by adjusting the feed to maintain constant grinding power.
Cognitive, Behavioral, and Adaptive Functioning in Fragile X and Non-Fragile X Retarded Men.

The cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive functioning of 12 men with fragile X syndrome (aged 23 to 62 years) was systematically assessed and compared to two matched groups of retarded men without fragile X syndrome residing at the same institution. The fragile X group was largely indistinguishable from the camparison groups on the cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive measures. Fragile X patients were, however, significantly more likely to have achieved levels of adaptive functioning commensurate with their intellectual abilities. Fragile X subjects who had similarly affected siblings emerged as significantly higher-functioning in all areas than Fragile X subjects who did not have affected siblings. These findings are discussed with respect to future research.
Design and Evaluation of Load Tests on Deep Foundations

The use of methods of prediction of the performance of deep foundations is strongly encouraged. The paper presents models for both axially loaded and laterally loaded deep foundations and shows examples of the use of the models. Internal instrumentation that can be used in future load tests is discussed, along with load test procedures. Information from load tests of instrumented deep foundations will allow improvements in the methods of prediction of the behavior of deep foundation under various kinds of loading.
Differentiating cytological features of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma from adenocarcinoma of the lung in fine-needle aspirations: a statistical analysis of 27 cases.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is an uncommon type of lung carcinoma that is important to distinguish from adenocarcinoma (adenoCA) because of its different biological behavior. Although the features of BAC have often been described in cytological material other than fine-needle aspirations (FNA), they have rarely been detailed in FNA specimens. We undertook to delineate the differentiating cytological features of 13 cases of BAC (7 of the nonsecretory type and 6 of the secretory type) and of 14 cases of bronchogenic adenoCA in FNA material, looking at 17 cytological criteria and using statistical analysis. When statistically analyzed with chi-square and Pearson's correlation, only 3 of the 17 features were found to be good discriminants for distinguishing nonsecretory BAC (NS-BAC) from adenoCA: prominence of monolayered tumor sheets, fine chromatin pattern, and mild cellular pleomorphism correlated significantly with NS-BAC. On the other hand, only the prominence of nuclear grooves and the abundance of extracellular mucin correlated significantly with secretory BAC (S-BAC) when compared to adenoCA. When using a logistic regression analysis, NS-BAC and S-BAC were best discriminated from adenoCA by the prominence of monolayered tumor sheets and by the abundance of extracellular mucin, respectively. We conclude that, in most instances, it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis of BAC and to distinguish it from adenoCA of the lung in FNA material. Diagn. Cytopathol. 16:253–257, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Individual and the Group: An Examination of American Folk Ideology

The problems faced by children in school are often seen as residing in either the individual or in one of the groups of which the child is a member. Rarely, in the way practitioners, theorists, and researchers describe what happens in schools, is the relationship between the two, individual and group, taken into account. After examining this dichotomy, an interpretive approach is proposed in which individuals and groups, the worlds of actions and ideas, are seen as mutually defining and constitutive.
STARCH GELATINIZATION PHENOMENA STUDIED BY DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study gelatinization phenomena of corn, potato, acid-modified corn and smooth pea, and various legume starches. Two endothermic transitions were observed for starches heated in the presence of limited amounts of water (starch/water = 46–48% w/w). The effect of starch concentration on the shape of these two endotherms was studied for three legume starches. Considering the starch granule as a spherulite, the experimental data were treated thermodynamically by applying equations describing phase transitions of semi-crystalline polymers. Experimental evidence suggested that a solvation-assisted melting of starch crystallites took place during gelatinization and that the process was facilitated by the presence of the amorphous parts of the granule. The enthalpy change, ΔH, associated with the gelatinization varied among these starches within a range of 2.6–4.4 Cal/g. A comparison between DSC transition temperatures and characteristic gelatinization temperatures obtained by other methods was also made.
Optimal Vibratory Stick-Slip Transport

We describe a vibratory part transport mechanism that utilizes both static and dynamic friction to linearly transport parts in a horizontal direction. We derive a horizontal driving profile for the feeder surface that maximizes the steady-state velocity of parts on the surface subject to acceleration limits on the surface. Experiments verify the predicted transport behavior. We then derive the optimal feeding motion for a surface that can move in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
Chemical controls on uranyl citrate speciation and the self-assembly of nanoscale macrocycles and sandwich complexes in aqueous solutions

Uranyl citrate forms trimeric species at pH > 5.5, but exact structural characteristics of these important oligomers have not previously been reported. Crystallization and structural characterization of the trimers suggests the self-assembly of the 3 : 3 and 3 : 2 U : Cit complexes into larger sandwich and macrocyclic molecules. Raman spectroscopy and ESI-MS have been utilized to investigate the relative abundance of these species in solution under varying pH and citrate concentrations. Additional dynamic light scattering experiments indicate that self-assembly of the larger molecules does occur in aqueous solution.
Assumed density filtering for learning Gaussian process models

In this paper, we consider the probabilistic modeling of censored sensor readings. Specifically, we first model the sensor observations using Gaussian process framework and develop two computational techniques — one based on Assumed Density Filtering (ADF) and the other based on Monte-Carlo method, for estimating the parameters of the approximate posterior density of the sensor observations. We compare their performances using a simulated sensor network example and show that the ADF-based technique is much faster than the Monte-Carlo-based technique. Further, we also show that our approach performs better than the standard Gaussian process regression technique which simply discards the information from sensors that fail to detect the source phenomena.
Strategic communication through the world wide web: an empirical model of effectiveness in the ceo’s letter to shareholders

Many organizations are devoting enormous amounts of financial and human resources to improve corporate communications. Among the many forms of communication produced by firms, the Chief Executive Officer’s (CEO) letter to shareholders is perhaps the most strategic in conveying the well-being and future direction of the enterprise. These letters have become even more visible with the advent of World Wide Web and its use as a primary forum for communicating the CEO’s message. Surprisingly, there has been little research into dimensions that characterize the effectiveness of the CEO’s letter and how this communication may benefit the overall enterprise in terms of improved financial position. Utilizing both theoretic and practical perspectives as well as the web-based letters of prominent organizations, this study frames CEO’s letter effectiveness (CLE) along dimensions of credibility, efficacy, commitment, and responsibility. These first-order constructs appear to be statistically coaligned by a second-order construct of CLE. In turn, CLE is shown to be directly associated with favourable financial performance in terms of share price and trading activity. This study provides a useful framework for assessing strategic communication through the CEO’s letter and for operationalizing a key dependent variable in future studies related to strategic corporate communications through digital media.
Nocturnal sleep in isolation-reared monkeys: Evidence for environmental independence

Thirteen all-night sleep recordings were obtained from 3 infant pigtailed (Macaca nemestrina) monkeys raised on a cloth surrogate mother under conditions of social isolation. Totally implantable biotelemetry systems were used to record the sleep physiology from the unrestrained animals. Sleep stages and night-to-night variability were virtually identical to values previously found in 8 mother-reared group-living infants. Sustained alterations in the early rearing environment, even though considerably modifying the organism's development, did not appear to result in differences in sleep organization.
Implementing The Information Processes Underlying The Sales/Collection Cycle Using Access

The objective of this paper is to provide the reader with some exposure as to how accounting information is recorded and processed when a strict relational database approach is implemented. The application described is from the sales/collection cycle and it should provide the information customer with a meaningful Access database exercise that will allow the user to implement the concepts set forth in good database design, as well as the event-driven approach to business technology solutions. The text of this article is excerpted in the form of a student exercise and is included as an Appendix, which can be used as an assignment by the AIS professor.
Idealized Model Simulations Examining the Mesoscale Structure of Winter Lake-Effect Circulations

Abstract An array of 35 idealized mesoscale model simulations was used to examine environmental and surface forcing factors controlling the meso-β-scale circulation structure resulting from cold flow over an isolated axisymmetric body of water at the midlatitudes. Wind speed, lake–air temperature difference, ambient atmospheric stability, and fetch distance were varied across previously observed ranges. Simulated meso-β-scale lake-effect circulations occurred within three basic regimes (e.g., vortices, shoreline bands, widespread coverage), similar to observed morphological regimes. The current study found that the morphological regimes of lake-effect circulations can be predicted using the ratio of wind speed to maximum fetch distance (U/L). Lake-effect environmental conditions producing low values of U/L (i.e., approximately < 0.02 m s−1 km−1) resulted in a mesoscale vortex circulation. Conditions leading to U/L values between about 0.02 and 0.09 m s−1 km−1 resulted in the development of a shoreline ban...
Liquid Borate Bait for Control of the Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile, in Organic Citrus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract A liquid bait delivery system containing borate was evaluated for controlling the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in an organic citrus orchard. Two concentrations of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (1% and 0.5%) were tested in 500-mL capacity bait stations placed at the base of trees. Both concentrations significantly reduced ant activity over the 11-wk duration of the test when compared with controls. However, the 1% concentration of borate significantly reduced ant activity up to 76 m away from the treatment, whereas the 0.5% did not. Compared to ant control with contact insecticides, the bait delivery system uses less insecticide and is more target-specific, reducing environmental contamination.
Asia as a laboratory for the superior responsibility doctrine

This Chapter, which examines the development of superior responsibility since the Second World War, shows that the doctrine has largely emerged out trials convened in Asia and dealing with wars that have taken place in Asia. Beginning with Yamashita, it shows how superior responsibility was extended to civilian leaders at the Tokyo Tribunal, clarified in the subsequent Toyoda Trial, and, after the Vietnam War, refined by 1977’s Additional Protocol to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. More recently, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia has applied superior responsibility to former leaders of the Khmer Rouge. Given that the doctrine was announced, refined and crystallised into its current form in Asia, the chapter concludes with some thoughts as to why the region has served as a laboratory for this important idea.
Depositional controls on sediment body architecture in the Eagle Ford/Boquillas system: Insights from outcrops in west Texas, United States

A detailed sedimentological study of the middle Eagle Ford/Boquillas (outcrop analog of subsurface producing strata) units was conducted on numerous roads cut along US Highway 90 in Val Verde County and on outcrops in Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas, using field-based petrographical and high-resolution image capture methods (light detection and ranging and GigaPans). This study demonstrates that vertical and lateral facies distribution is controlled by the interaction of sediment productivity under the influence of bottom currents below storm wave base. Vertical cyclicity is the result of alternating periods of lower primary productivity and relatively low sediment accumulation rates (globigerinid argillaceous wackestones) and shorter periods of high primary productivity and higher accumulation rates (pelagic grainstones), driven by the absence or presence of iron from volcanic ash deposition. Lateral variations are controlled by the deposition and reworking of pelagic sediment under the influence of below–storm wave base bottom currents. Pelagic grainstones accumulated in the form of isolated barchanoid hydraulic dunes, sand ridges, coalesced sand ridges, and sand sheets and less commonly as continuous beds. Detailed measurements show that pelagic grainstones have no more than 50% continuity, and ash beds have 72% continuity. Application of sequence stratigraphic principles needs to be done with caution because the deeper-water depositional setting is affected not by sediment input from a shallow-water benthic carbonate factory but by pelagic sediment from the open-marine environment subject to bottom current reworking. Packages of strata may be more reliable for longer-distance correlations.
Religious values and client–therapist matching in psychotherapy.

A recent debate on the roles of religious values in psychotherapy has focused on global issues rather than more meaningful issues of client-therapist matching. This debate is reviewed and the conce...
Stereostructure Activity Relationships of Catecholamines on Human Platelet Function

The concentration-dependent effects of clonidine, isomers of epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), isoproterenol, cobefrin and alpha-methyldopamine, and related desoxy analogs (epinine, dopamine, N-isopropyldopamine) were examined on human platelets. The rank order of aggregatory potency (pD2 values) was R(-)-epinephrine (6.3) greater than R(-)-NE (5.9) greater than (+/-)-erythro-cobefrin (5.3) greater than S(+)-epinephrine (4.7) = S(+)-NE (4.7) = clonidine (4.7) = dopamine (4.6) greater than epinine (4.4) greater than S(+)-alpha-methyldopamine (4.3) = R(-)-alpha-methyldopamine (4.3) greater than (+/-)-threo-cobefrin (3.7). The isoproterenol isomers and N-isopropyl-dopamine were inactive as agonists. In 9 of 16 platelet-rich plasma preparations, R(-)-epinephrine, R(-)-NE, and (+/-)erythro-cobefrin were agonists and the remaining analogs blocked R(-)-NE-induced aggregation with a rank order of inhibitory potencies (pKB values) of clonidine (6.2) greater than S(+)-alpha-methyldopamine (5.0) greater than dopamine (4.6) = R(-)-alpha-methyldopamine (4.4) greater than or equal to S(+)-NE (4.3) greater than N-isopropyldopamine (4.1) greater than S(+)-isoproterenol (3.7) = R(-)-isoproterenol (3.5). Each compound was also able to reverse prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (0.1 microM)-induced blockade of the maximal aggregation response to ADP. At high concentrations, R(-)-isoproterenol was more potent than either the S(+)-isomer or desoxy analog, N-isopropyldopamine, in the reversal of PGE1 inhibition of ADP aggregation. Phentolamine blocked these alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated actions against PGE1 on ADP aggregation. The rank order of potency for the reversal of PGE1-mediated inhibition of ADP aggregation by these catecholamines was similar to that observed for platelet aggregation. Our results indicate that (i) the stereochemical requirements for the interaction of catecholamines with platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors are in agreement with the Easson-Stedman hypothesis and other alpha-adrenoceptor tissues; (ii) catecholamines lacking a benzylic hydroxyl group in the R-configuration and/or possessing an N-isopropyl group were alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists; (iii) clonidine gave quantitatively different responses compared with catecholamines for interaction with alpha 2-adrenoceptors; and (iv) inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase is correlated to the inhibition of epinephrine-induced aggregation response for this series of compounds.
Evaluation of Occupational Hazards in A Coking Plant

[Objective]To understand and evaluate the status of occupational hazards in a coking plant,and provide evidence for developing control measures. [Methods]Field hygienic investigation,analogy,experience method and occupational health examination were applied to conduct evaluation on the coking plant. [Results]Related factors including site selection,the overall layout,the facilities layout,occupational disease preventive and protective measures,the individual protection facilities,the occupational health management,the auxiliary room facilities all accorded with the national regulations;the production process in the coking plant could generate coal dust,other dust,hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,carbon oxides,nitrogen oxides,benzene and benzo(a) pyrene,naphthalene,phenolic compounds,bisulfide carbon,hydrogen cyanide,coke oven emissions,noise,vibration and heat and thermal radiation,among which dust exposure reached the level I and noise reached level II at some working posts. [Conclusion]The control measures against occupational hazards in this coking plant are feasible and effective,but management should be enhanced in some working posts.
Heterotopic ossification in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: case report with morphoproteomic insights into the histogenesis.

A case of metastatic colorectal carcinoma with heterotopic ossification is described. Objective Morphoproteomic analysis was performed to help define the histogenesis of the heterotopic ossification in this context. Design Immunohistochemical stains for Gli2, α-SMA, SPARC (osteonectin), and nestin were performed and the expression level (chromogenic signal intensity) and subcellular compartmentalization of these protein analytes were assessed in the tumor cells vis-a-vis the companionate stromal cells and osteoblasts in a morphoproteomic application. Results This analysis revealed that the heterotopic ossification is more likely the result of pluripotent stromal cells that undergo differentiation to form osteoblasts rather than the tumor cells undergoing osseous metaplasia. Conclusion Morphoproteomics provides evidence that the histogenesis of heterotopic ossification in this case of metastatic colon cancer is from the stromal cells in the tumoral microenvironment.
Competing Histories of Technology: Recognizing the Vital Role of International Scientific Communities behind the Innovation of the Internet

One way to make the history of computing relevant is to explain how different histories are in competition with each other and how they support quite different technology policy. The prevalent history that the US military created the Internet hides the international spirit of goodwill and cooperation that made a particular implementation of Internet happen. This is not just an academic issue. The success of the Internet encourages us to ask how we can continue to innovate the technologies of the Internet or new technologies of a similar power. The myth that the military created the Internet also supports the idea that it was designed on purpose according to a plan. This could not be further from the truth. In fact, the most interesting thing about the Internet is that, in its history, it had a tendency to violate the plans set forth. The international community invigorated the kind of inquiry that would lead to the Internet, not the United States in isolation. In order to create something like the Internet, then, we need to provide an environment for international exchange and cooperation, not maintain proprietary secrets and work in a disciplined environment of practical research.
Making Fast Consensus Generally Faster

New multi-leader consensus protocols leverage the Generalized Consensus specification to enable low latency, even load balancing, and high parallelism. However, these protocols introduce inherent costs with significant performance impact: they need quorums bigger than the minimum required to solve consensus and need to track dependency relations among proposals. In this paper we present M2PAXOS, an implementation of Generalized Consensus that provides fast decisions (i.e., delivery of a command in two communication delays) by leveraging quorums composed of a majority of nodes and by exploiting workload locality. M2PAXOS does not establish command dependencies based on conflicts, instead mapping nodes to accessed objects and enforcing that commands accessing the same objects be ordered by the same node. Our experimental evaluation confirms the effectiveness of M2PAXOS, gaining up to 7X over state-of-the-art Consensus and Generalized Consensus algorithms under partitioned data accesses and up to 5.5× using the TPC-C workload.