cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Recent Results on Pie Cutting

For cake cutting, cuts are parallel to an axis and yield rectangular pieces. As such, cutting a cake is viewed as dividing a line segment. For pie cutting, cuts are radial from the center of a disc to the circumference and yield sectors or wedge-shaped pieces. As such, cutting a pie is viewed as dividing a circle. There is clearly a relationship between cutting a cake and cutting a pie. Once a circular pie has a single cut, then it can be straightened out into a segment, looking like a cake. Isn't a cake just a pie that has been cut? Gale (1993) suggested that this topology was a significant difference. This note is to summarize and compare some of the recent results on pie cutting that appear in Barbanel and Brams (2007) and Brams, Jones, and Klamler (2007). The geometric framework presented in Barbanel and Brams (2007) is used to prove and to explain results in Brams, Jones, and Klamler (2007).
Time to Treatment for Patients Receiving BCS in a Public and a Private University Hospital in Atlanta

: Delays in treatment for breast cancer can lead to poorer patient outcome. We analyzed time to treatment among female patients receiving breast-conserving surgery in two different hospital settings, public versus private. Retrospective chart review revealed 270 patients diagnosed during 2004–2008. Three consecutive time intervals were defined (Initial abnormal imaging [I] to core biopsy [II] to surgery /pathology staging [III] to oncology evaluation for adjuvant treatment). Multivariate analyses investigated hospital type and demographic factors. Overall median treatment time was 83 days, Interval II accounting for the longest (43 days). Only 55% of patients received the entire spectrum of care within 90 days; for each consecutive 30-day interval, percentages varied dramatically: 80.7%, 31.1%, and 68.9%.Public hospital patients experienced longer overall time to treatment than private patients (94 versus 77 days, p < 0.001); these differences persisted throughout the intervals. Longer wait times were experienced by African Americans versus Caucasians (89 versus 64 days, p = 0.003), unmarried versus married patients (93 versus 70 days, p < 0.001), and Medicaid-insured patients, p < 0.001. In multivariate analyses, hospital type, race, marital status, and insurance predicted timely treatment within one or more intervals. For patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy, time to treatment differs between private and public settings. However, barriers to timely treatment arise from both system-based issues and patient socio-demographic factors. Studies are needed to evaluate and intervene on this intricate connection.
The U.T. ELECTROGRAPHIC Camera: A Powerful Detector For Ground Based And Space Astronomy Description And Astronomical Performance

The U.T. Electrographic camera is the result of nearly 12 years of research undertaken to produce a high resolution and sensitivity detector for astronomy, yet reliable and easy and fast to operate. The Mark II experimental camera has a 5 cm useful field diameter and is equipped with a Cs3Sb(0) photocathode with typical Q.E. of 15% at 430 nm. The highly corrected magnetic and electric fields produce sharp focus on the entire field with no image distortion. An aluminized thin plastic foil, which comes in intimate contact with the emulsion, prevents photocathode poisonning during the exposure. The camera is operated at accelerating voltages up to 60 kV with no detectable background in a 2 hour exposure. The design permits fast loading and unloading. The camera is being tested extensively at the F/13.5 cassegrain focus of the McDonald Observatory 0.76 m telescope and hundreds of excellent electrographs have been obtained under routine conditions. The high resolution and photocathode Q.E. permitted recording more rapidly and accurately the telescopic images of various astronomical objects. Testing will be continued until enough information is gained for designing and building, upon adequate support, a large field electrographic ca-mera with a roll film magazine and a higher Q.E. photocathode for both ground based and space telescopes.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Apperception, sensation, and dissociability

Recent writing on consciousness has increasingly stressed ways in which the terms ‘conscious’ and ‘consciousness’ apply to more than one phenomenon. And it is often urged that failing to observe distinctions between these different phenomena results in fallacious argument and theoretical confusion. Perhaps the most widely discussed current example is Ned Block’s (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995) distinction between phenomenal and access consciousness, and his claim that discussions of consciousness frequently confound the two phenomena. And elsewhere I have urged the importance of distinguishing a mental state’s being conscious from a person’s being conscious, and also of distinguishing a mental state’s being conscious from one’s being conscious of something. 1
Observation of ion ejection phenomena in ion cyclotron double resonance experiments

Abstract Spurious peaks which do not correspond to any possible reactant ion may be observed in ion cyclotron double resonance spectra. These peaks are shown to be due to excitation of the ion motion in the trapping field by the irradiating oscillator. Methods for circumventing problems which arise in conjunction with their observation are discussed.
Cross-field diffusion in low-temperature plasma discharges of finite length*

The long-standing problem of plasma diffusion across a magnetic field (B-field) is reviewed, with emphasis on low-temperature linear devices of finite length with the magnetic field aligned along an axis of symmetry. In these partially ionized plasmas, cross-field transport is dominated by ion?neutral collisions and can be treated simply with fluid equations. Nonetheless, electron confinement is complicated by sheath effects at the endplates, and these must be accounted for to get agreement with experiment.
Foam-Metal Liner Attenuation of Low-Speed Fan Noise

A foam-metal liner for attenuation of fan noise was developed for and tested on a low speed fan. This type of liner represents a significant advance over traditional liners due to the possibility for placement in close proximity to the rotor. An advantage of placing treatment in this region is the modification of the acoustic near field, thereby inhibiting noise generation mechanisms. This can result in higher attenuation levels than can be achieved by liners located in the nacelle inlet. In addition, foam-metal liners could potentially replace the fan rub-strip and containment components, ultimately reducing engine components and thus weight, which can result in a systematic increase in noise reduction and engine performance. Foam-metal liners have the potential to reduce fan noise by 4 dB based on this study.
Radical species involved in hotwire (catalytic) deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract Threshold ionization mass spectroscopy is used to measure the radicals that cause deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon by “hotwire” (HW), or “catalytic,” chemical vapor deposition. We provide the probability of silane (SiH4) decomposition on the HW, and of Si and H release from the HW. The depositing radicals, and H atoms, are measured versus conditions to obtain their radical-silane reaction rates and contributions to film growth. A 0.01–3 Pa range of silane pressures and 1400–2400 K range of HW temperatures were studied, encompassing optimum device production conditions. Si2H2 is the primary depositing radical under optimum conditions, accompanied by a few percent of Si atoms and a lot of H-atom reactions. Negligible SiHn radical production is observed and only a small flux of disilane is produced, but at the higher pressures some Si3Hn is observed. A Si–SiH4 reaction rate coefficient of 1.65 ⁎ 10− 11 cm3/s and a H + SiH4 reaction rate coefficient of 5 ⁎ 10− 14 cm3/s are measured.
Full-color high-resolution 21-inch common large-area display set to replace 19-inch CRTs in several USAF C4I applications

Battelle is under contract with Warner Robins Air Logistics Center to design a Common Large Area Display Set (CLADS) for use in multiple airborne C 4 I applications that currently use unique 19" CRTs. Battelle engineers have determined that by taking advantage of the latest flat panel display technology and the commonality between C 4 I applications, one display set (21" diag. 1280 X 1024) can be designed for use in multiple applications. In addition, common nodular driver and processing electronics are being designed by Battelle to reduce the number of installation-specific circuit card assemblies required for a particular application. Three initial applications include the E-3 (AWACS) color monitor assembly, E-8 (JSTARS) graphics display unit, and ABCCC airborne color display. For these three applications reliability and maintainability are key drivers. The common design approach reduces the number of unique subassemblies in the USAF inventory by approximately 56 to 66 percent. The new design is also expected to have MTBF of at least 3350 hours, and order of magnitude better than one of the current systems. In the JSTARS installation, more than 1400 lbs can be eliminated from the aircraft. In the E-3 installation, the CLADS is estimated to provide a power reduction of approximately 1750 watts per aircraft. This paper will discuss the common large area display set design and its use in a variety of C 4 I applications that require a large area, high resolution, full color display.
Enhanced Recovery of the Explosive Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) From Soil: cyclodextrin versus anionic surfactants.

Abstract The extraction of RDX (I) from soil (1,000 ppm) was studied using 10 mL volumes of water and 1 % w/v aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium lignosulfonate (Lignisite 458), Lignosol, hydroxypropyl- B -cyclodextrin (hp- B -CD), and methyl- B -cyclodextrin (Me- B -CD). The anionic surfactants SDS, Ligniste 458 and Lignosol increased RDX recovery to 1.2, 2.0 and 1.6- fold that of water (37.7 ppm), respectively. Extracted RDX was accompanied by hydrolysis as evidenced by the formation of 3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohex-l-ene (II). Similar RDX recoveries were obtained using the cyclodextrins hp- B -CD and Me- B -CD, i.e., 2.4 and l.5- fold that of pure water, respectively. In contrast to the ionic additives no RDX hydrolyzed products were observed during the cyclodextrin assisted extraction. In one case we found that RDX recovery from the soil increased with the concentration of the cyclodextrin and reached a value of 95% (ca 4.5- fold that of water) when a 10 % w/v solution of hp- B -CD was used.
The sources of gravity waves

On passe en revue les differentes ondes acoustiques de gravite dans l'atmosphere, leur influence dans les mecanismes de dispersion de l'energie aurorale vers les moyennes latitudes
Interaction of renal disease and pregnancy.

Observation d'une femme de 25 ans. Discussion de la fonction renale et du volume extracellulaire pendant la grossesse, de l'action de la grossesse sur la maladie renale et de la maladie renale sur la grossesse, du syndrome nephrotique pendant la grossesse, de la dialyse pendant la grossesse, de la grossesse chez les femmes ayant subi une transplantation renale
Cardiac Pacing under Hyperbaric Conditions

Temporary external pacemakers have been reported to fail under hyperbaric conditions. In this study we investigated cardiac pacing under hyperbaric conditions. Permanent hermetically sealed pacemakers were found to function well under hyperbaric conditions, while several models of temporary external pacemakers failed. The electrical characteristics of pacing leads did not change under hyperbaric conditions. External pacing under hyperbaric conditions may be accomplished safely by using a permanent pacemaker attached to the patient's temporary external leads.
Eltrombopag inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells via reduction of intracellular iron and induction of differentiation

Eltrombopag (EP) is a small-molecule, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) agonist that has been approved recently for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Prior studies have shown that EP stimulates megakaryopoiesis in BM cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, and the results also suggested that it may inhibit leukemia cell growth. In the present study, we studied the effects of EP on leukemia cell proliferation and the mechanism of its antiproliferative effects. We found that EP leads to a decreased cell division rate, a block in G1 phase of cell cycle, and increased differentiation in human and murine leukemia cells. Because EP is species specific in that it can only bind TPO-R in human and primate cells, these findings further suggested that the antileukemic effect is independent of TPO-R. We found that treatment with EP leads to a reduction in free intracellular iron in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Experimental increase of intracellular iron abrogated the antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects of EP, demonstrating that its antileukemic effects are mediated through modulation of intracellular iron content. Finally, determination of EP's antileukemic activity in vivo demonstrated its ability to prolong survival in 2 mouse models of leukemia.
Lipids in the mesopelagic copepod, Gaussia princeps. Wax ester utilization during starvation.

Abstract 1. 1. Different stages of the mesopelagic copepod, Gaussia princeps , collected from different areas of the Pacific Ocean had wax esters as the principal lipid class (49–72% of the lipid). 2. 2. During the first seven days of starvation only triglycerides (12–18% of the lipid) were used followed by slower depletion of wax ester stores. Following 60 days starvation the lipid decreased from 1·6 to 0·4 mg per individual with 1·0 mg of this decrease due to wax ester utilization. Thus wax esters are the major energy reserve during a long starvation period. 3. 3. The phospholipid fatty acid composition showed no major changes during starvation but the wax esters lost all polyunsaturated components.
On the Mach Number Variation in Steady Flows of Dense Hydrocarbons

We consider the steady flow of five commonly encountered hydrocarbons in their dense gas regime. Isentropic flows are first examined and it is shown that dense gas effects lead to a non-monotone variation of the Mach number with density. It is also demonstrated that these effects may give rise to an increase, rather than the classical decrease, in the Mach number across oblique compression shocks. Significant increases in the shock detachment angle are also reported
Logic design of word-level 3D, 2-dot QCA nanoICs

One of the promising emerging nanotechnologies is the molecular quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). A considerable amount of attention has been given to the 2D 2-dot QCA circuit designs and simulations at the bit level by Hook and Lee. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to introduce a new 3D QCA lattice structure, formed by 2-dot QCA cells, and (2) to present a word-level QCA NanoIC design method using this 3D 2-dot QCA architecture, which uses a slice of the lattice to implement one bit of the word data. For example, for an 8-bit word, there will be 8 slices of 2-dot QCA lattice embedded in the NanoIC.
Stability and mutual compensation of relationships with the iceberg severity off Newfoundland

A stability test has been made of several elements of the North Atlantic air circulation which had previously been concluded by Smith and Groissmayr to influence the severity of the subsequent iceberg season south of Newfoundland. The test indicates that steeper-than-average pressure gradients between Belle Isle (near Labrador) and Ivigtut (in southern Greenland) during December to March continue as before to be associated with above-normal, and less steep pressure gradients with below-normal berg counts off Newfoundland during the following April–June season. On the other hand, steeper-than-average pressure gradients between Bergen in southern Norway and Stykkisholm in Iceland have ceased in recent years to be followed by above-normal berg counts off Newfoundland, probably because of a very marked change in the circulation in the northeastern North Atlantic. Also, the average temperatures from December to March at St. John's (Newfoundland), Bermuda, and Uppsala (Sweden), when taken together, continue as before to show a marked connection with the following ice severity off Newfoundland. A formula relating the berg count to the relatively stable and mutually compensating series of average December-to-March Belle Isle-to-Ivigtut pressure gradients and St. John's, Bermuda, and Uppsala temperatures was derived using, as before, data up to and including 1926. Employing the recent 25-year period (1927–1951) as a test, the correlation between the computed and actual deviations from the long-term average berg count is quite marked (r = 0.80).
Corn grain and liquid feed as nonfiber carbohydrate sources in diets for lactating dairy cows

Interactions of sources and processing methods for nonstructural carbohydrates may affect the efficiency of animal production. Five rumen-cannulated cows in late lactation were placed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design and fed experimental diets for 2 wk. In the production trial, 54 cows were fed the experimental diets for 12 wk beginning at d 60 in milk. Diets contained 24% corn silage and 22% hay, averaging 20% alfalfa and 2% grass but being adjusted as needed to maintain dietary concentrations of 36% neutral detergent fiber. The control diet contained steam-flaked corn (SFC) and the other diets contained either finely (FGC; 0.8 mm) or coarsely ground corn (CGC; 1.9 mm), factorialized with or without 3.5% liquid feed (LF). The LF diets provided 1.03% of dietary dry matter as supplemental sugar. The FGC decreased rumen pH and concentration of NH(3)N compared with CGC. The SFC and FGC tended to increase the molar percentage of ruminal propionate and decrease the acetate:propionate ratio. The LF increased molar percentage of ruminal butyrate with FGC but not CGC. The LF tended to decrease starch digestibility with the CGC but not with the FGC. As expected, the SFC and FGC increased total tract starch digestibility. The DMI and milk yield were similar among dietary treatments. Compared with ground corn diets, the SFC tended to decrease milk fat percentage; thus, 3.5% fat-corrected milk and feed efficiency were decreased with SFC. The LF decreased milk protein percentage but had no effect on milk protein yield. The SFC compared with dry ground corn decreased the concentration of milk urea nitrogen. Sugar supplementation using LF appeared to be more beneficial with FGC than CGC. Increasing the surface area by finely grinding corn is important for starch digestibility and optimal utilization of nutrients.
CURRENT ASPECTS OF LYME DISEASE AND OTHER BORRELIA BURGDORFERI INFECTIONS

Lyme disease, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, and borrelial lymphocytoma are caused by species of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme disease has emerged as the leading vector-borne infectious disease in the United States. This article presents a current review of these entities.
Characterization of the suppressor activity in lymphocytes from patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia: Evidence for an associated primary B-cell defect

The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the impaired immunoglobulin production in common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) are diverse with abnormalities in both B cells and immunoregulatory T cells. Production of IgG, IgM, and IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) was measured in pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-stimulated cultures using various combinations of CVH, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), and normal adult control B and T cells. The following results were obtained. First, the proportion of OKT3+ and OKT8+ cells were increased in CVH patients. Second, the T cells from four CVH patients and CBMC suppressed PWM-induced IgG, IgM, and IgM-RF production by normal B cells. Furthermore, major suppressor activity was found in the OKT8+ T-cell subpopulations in CBMC and three out of four CVH patients. There was no significant difference in relative suppression by OKT8+ cells from normal adults, CVH patients, or CBMC. However, in one CVH patient suppressor T cells were found in both OKT4+ as well as OKT8+ fractions. In the CVH patient with OKT4+ suppressor cells, X irradiation (1250 rads) abrogated suppressor activity and restored helper activity in the OKT4+ T-cell fraction. Irradiation of normal OKT4+ cells did not increase helper activity. When non-E-rosetting cells from normal subjects, CVH, and CBMC were stimulated with EBV it was observed that normal adult B cells could be induced to secrete IgG, IgM, and Ig-RF whereas CVH and CBMC could only produce IgM and IgM-RF but not IgG. The present study demonstrates for the first time that a radiosensitive OKT4+ suppressor cell is present in some CVH patients.
Spongistatin synthetic studies. 1. Construction of a C(29–48) subtarget

Abstract In this Letter, the first in a series of three, we outline our overall strategy and describe the assembly of a C(29–48) EF-ring advanced intermediate for the total synthesis of the spongistatins, rare and structurally unique polyether macrolides with unprecedented antitumor activity.
Electronic Medical Record Adoption in Hospitals That Care for Children

Abstract Objective Hospitals that care for children face unique barriers in electronic medical records (EMR) use that may affect their ability to meaningfully use EMR. The purpose of this study was to investigate hospitals that care for children, both freestanding and adult hospitals with children's services, to determine progress toward advanced stages of EMR use. Methods The American Hospital Association survey described hospitals across the United States. Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society 2006 and 2010 databases identified hospitals' EMR use. EMR stage was classified according to previous studies. Multivariable analysis was used to determine independent predictors of EMR use. Results The analysis included 2794 hospitals. During the study time frame, a significant increase occurred for hospitals moving into any stage of EMR in adult hospitals with children's services (47% to 75%; P P = .3). Conversely, freestanding children's hospitals had the largest gain in advance stage 3 adoption (6% to 39%; P P Conclusions In 2010, freestanding children's hospitals had the highest percentage use of advanced stage EMR (39%), but the lowest improvements in percentage of hospitals entering into any stage of adoption over the study period. This trend created a digital divide among freestanding children's hospitals that may improve with pediatric-specific electronic medication management products.
Microstructural changes in aged vapour-quenched Mo-Au alloys

Thin films of single-phased alloys of the normally immiscible metals, molybdenum and gold, have been prepared by vapour co-deposition onto cool substrates. The microstructural changes induced by heating were studied by electron diffraction and electron microscopy which revealed that the alloys decomposed into a two-phase aggregate of molybdenum and gold by precipitation both within the films and on the free surfaces. Eventually the gold was entirely removed from the specimens. Electrical resistance measurements indicated that the decomposition process obeyed second order kinetics and was associated with an activation energy that increased as the transformation proceeded.
Line integrals of higher order derivatives

(1988). Line Integrals of Higher-Order Derivatives. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 8, pp. 739-744.
The nature of sociolinguistic perception

This study investigates how linguistic variation carries social meaning, examining the impact of the English variable (ING) on perceptions of eight speakers from the U.S. West Coast and South. Thirty-two excerpts of spontaneous speech were digitally manipulated to vary only in tokens of (ING) and used to collect listener perceptions in group interviews (N = 55) and an experiment (N = 124). Interview data and experimental results show that (ING) impacts social perception variably, inhabiting an indexical field of related meanings (Eckert, Penelope. [2008]. Variation and the indexical field. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12(4):453–476). One of these meanings, intelligence/education, is explored in detail to understand how a given meaning is realized or not in a specific context. Speakers were heard as less educated/intelligent when they used -in, but this effect is driven by reactions to speakers heard as aregional and not as working-class. Some implications on our future understanding of the processing of socially laden variation are discussed.
Clean and polluted clouds: Relationships among pollution, ice clouds, and precipitation in South America

[1] We analyze nearly-simultaneous measurements of ice clouds and pollutants along satellite tracks. We use Aura MLS CO and ice water content measurements at 215 hPa to classify ice clouds as “clean” or “polluted”. We then examine Aqua MODIS ice particle effective radius (re) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) along with TRMM precipitation to investigate how pollution changes ice particle size and precipitation. We find suppressed precipitation and reduced re associated with polluted clouds during the dry season in South America when there is a strong positive correlation between the CO and AOT. In contrast, during the wet season, we find little difference in ice particle size and precipitation between the polluted clouds and the clean clouds, as indicated by the CO levels, when the AOT is significantly lower than that in the dry season.
Rule networks in learning classifier systems

Interrelationships between rules can be used to develop network models that can usefully represent the dynamics of Learning Classifier Systems. We examine two different kinds of rule networks and study their significance by testing them on the 20-mux problem. Through this experimentation, we establish that there is latent information in the evolving rule networks alongside the usual information that we gain from the XCS. We analyze these interrelationships using metrics from Network Science. We also show that these network measures behave as reliable indicators of rule set convergence.
Proton and carbon nuclear magnetic relaxation in 2-bromothiophene

Abstract Nonselective and semiselective inversion-recovery measurements are reported for the ring protons of 2-bromothiophene in 0.1 M solution with carbon disulfide. Density matrix analysis of the full recovery curves yields accurate values for autocorrelation parameters, but uncertainty with regard to residual nondipolar relaxation pathways limits the accuracy of dipolar cross-correlation terms. The proper choice of interaction strength (internuclear distance) for analyzing dipolar relaxation is discussed, and by requiring that proton and 13C relaxation yield consistent motional results, uncertainties with regard to interaction strengths can be reduced. It was not possible to obtain all elements of the 2-bromothiophene rotational diffusion tensor, but the ratio Dyy/Dxx = 2.0 ± 0.2 and the shift of rotational axes β = 20 ± 2° away from principal inertial axes were determined with reasonable precision.
Proton decay via three quark fusion

The contribution to proton decay of three-quark fusion ($q+q+q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{l}$) is computed in the MIT bag model. Ambiguities in the calculation are discussed, and comparisons with other approaches are given. A suggestion for displaying uncertainties in proton-lifetime predictions is introduced.
Worora kinship and ‘parenteral’ relationships

Among the Worora-speaking Aboriginal Australian people, in addition to the usual verbal expressions by which classificatory kinship is denoted, and the various contextual behaviors that index such categorial relations, kinship is experienced not only on the body, through a system of gestures, but as well as in the body, that is, through feelings in the musculature: hence kinship – one’s parents, etc. – is as well experienced parenterally. Cross-culturally, the adult human body constitutes what we might term both a diagrammatic model of other, generally macro-social aspects of the experienceable universe of phenomena, and as well a ‘natural’ origō or indexical centerpoint from which, in practices and in imaginative representations, a cultural actor can project a connection between the here-and-now and some encompassing social order. The Worora case is interesting precisely as it unites the two in both a topographical and parenteral experience of a system of classificatory kinship, reflexively experienced o...
Aging, vitamin E deficiency and electrolytes in rat brain cortical cells

Abstract Intracellular electrolyte content of large brain cortical cells during aging as well as in adult rats fed with a vitamin E deficient diet has been investigated by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The in vivo Rb + uptake and release of the same cells in vitamin E deficiency was also studied. The main results are as follows: (1) in old and vitamin E deficient animals the total monovalent electrolyte content increased when compared to the young ones; (2) vitamin E deficient rats accumulate more Rb + than the age-matched, normally fed animals. The Rb + discrimination ratios, calculated on the basis of Rb + and K + contents of both cortical cell cytoplasm and cerebrospinal fluid, are higher in vitamin E deficient rats than in the controls, showing the same pattern as the old animals (Gyenes et al., 1984). Our results support the view that an enhanced lipid peroxidation is a common factor responsible for the impaired membrane functionality both during aging and vitamin E deficiency.
Exploration of surfaces by atomic scattering in the almost classical regime

Inelastic atom-surface scattering at hyperthermal (- 1 ev) energies is discussed. In this regime, the scattering is almost classical. However, for a surface at low temperature, peaks in the final energy distribution are broadened by quantum effects. The widths of these peaks provide a direct measure of the zero point motion of the surface atoms. For impulsive collisions, we derive a simple expression for these widths. As an example, we present a semi-quantitative analysis for He striking a LiF surface, using Born-Mayer forces between the atoms to estimate the amplitude of the zero point fluctuations. We discuss, in detail, how single peaks may be isolated in an experiment. Measurements of this effect could provide an important probe of surface dynamics.
Effects of glucose and sucrose variants of the caries-promoting Diet 2000 on the feeding patterns and parotid glands of prematurely weaned rats.

Abstract Objective The hypothesis of this study was that feeding glucose instead of sucrose in the cariogenic Diet 2000 to rats weaned at age 18 days would result in greater light/dark differences in feeding activity and secretion and storage of parotid salivary enzymes. Design of study Diet 2000 and a stock commercial diet (controls) were prepared in pelleted and powdered forms, as the increased mastication required by pellets has been shown to support circadian rhythms in rats. Food jars were weighed at lights on and just prior to lights off daily. Rats were euthanized at 25 days and their parotid glands removed, weighed, and analyzed for specific activities of the salivary enzymes α-amylase and deoxyribonuclease I. Results Light/dark differences in feeding activity were strong in the rats fed the pelleted stock diet and both powdered and pelleted glucose 2000 diets, moderate with the pelleted sucrose 2000 diet, and not significant with the powdered sucrose 2000 and stock diets. Light/dark differences in the parotid salivary enzymes were strong with the powdered glucose 2000 diet and the pelleted forms of the glucose and sucrose 2000 and stock diets, and not significant with the powdered stock and sucrose 2000 diets. Conclusion Caries reportedly is higher in sucrose than glucose fed to rats in the standard powdered form of Diet 2000, mainly due to the colonizing advantage Streptococcus mutans gains with sucrose. These results suggest that additional factors are more feeding during lights on and less stimulation of parotid salivary secretion with the sucrose powder.
Computer analysis suggests a role for signal sequences in processing polyproteins of enveloped RNA viruses and as a mechanism of viral fusion.

We have used a computer program to scan the entire sequence of viral polyproteins for eucaryotic signal sequences. The method is based on that of von Heijne (1). The program calculates a score for each residue in a polyprotein. The score indicates the resemblance of each residue to that at the cleavage site of a typical N-terminal eucaryotic signal sequence. The program correctly predicts the known N-terminal signal sequence cleavage sites of several cellular and viral proteins. The analysis demonstrates that the polyproteins of enveloped RNA viruses—including the alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses—contain several internal signal-sequence-like regions. The predicted cleavage site in these internal sequences are often known cleavage sites for processing of the polyprotein and are amongst the highest scoring residues with this algorithm. These results indicate a role for the cellular enzyme signal peptidase in the processing of several viral polyproteins. Not all high-scoring residues are sites of cleavage, suggesting a difference between N-terminal and internal signal sequences. This may reflect the secondary structure of the latter. Signal sequences were also found at the N-termini of the fusion proteins of the paramyxoviruses and the retroviruses. This suggests a mechanism of viral fusion analogous to that by which proteins are translocated through the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum at synthesis.
The Sex Right: A Legal History of the Marital Rape Exemption

How did the American legal elite come to reject the husband's privilege to rape his wife. What is the significance of that rejection. This essay traces theories justifying the marital rape exemption from the 17th century, focusing on the period following World War II. The history illustrates how the postwar legal elite's limited progressivism created inconsistent arguments that left the exemption open for attack, an attack that came from within the 1970s feminist movement. Radical feminist rhetoric about sexuality, rape, and marriage pulled away the last layer of theoretical support for the exemption and denounced the sex right it left exposed underneath. Connections in the 1970s, both literal and conceptual, between radical feminists and the legal elite allowed the feminist movement to discredit the exemption within that elite. To interpret the significance of that rejection, I consider how legal language affects people's senses of self. I argue that legal words like “rape,” “marriage,” and “husband” validate and inform people's, specifically husbands', identities in marriage. By changing the meanings of those legal words, legal reform can eventually change human behavior.
Selecting an approval plan vendor II: Comparative vendor data

Abstract This article is the second of three which are intended to reduce the time, cost and risk of selecting a domestic approval plan vendor for a college or university library. The authors compare data collected from eight major United States approval plan vendors covering nine areas: company background, employee background, customer service, profile and title selection, profile maintenance, materials forms/slips/returns handling, financial practices, statistical reporting and miscellaneous data. The authors caution that these comparative data cannot substitute for the specific, timely inquiry which should be made when a vendor selection decision is imminent.
A Pearl Protein Self-Assembles To Form Protein Complexes That Amplify Mineralization

The formation of the nacre pearl in marine invertebrates represents an on-demand production of mineralization in response to an irritant or parasite threat to the mantle organ. In the Japanese pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata), this process is mediated by a 12-member protein family known as PFMG (Pinctada fucata mantle gene). One of these proteins, PFGM1, has been implicated in modulating calcium carbonate crystal growth and has been reported to possess an EF-hand-like domain. In this report, we establish that the recombinant PFMG1 (rPFMG1) is an intrinsically disordered "imitator" EF-hand protein that increases the number of calcium carbonate mineral crystals that form relative to control scenarios and does not induce aragonite formation. This protein possesses a modified pseudo-EF-hand sequence at the C-terminal end which exhibits low homology (30-40%) to the pseudo-EF-hand mitochondrial SCaMCs buffering/solute transport proteins. This low sequence homology is the result of the inclusion of disorder-promoting amino acids and short amyloid-like aggregation-prone cross-β-strand sequences within the putative PFMG1 pseudo-EF-hand sequence region. Similar to other nacre proteins, rPFMG1 oligomerizes to form amorphous, heterogeneously sized protein oligomers and films in vitro, and this process is enhanced by Ca(2+), which promotes the formation of aggregation-prone extended β-strand structure within rPFMG1. From these results, we conclude that PFMG1 forms supramolecular assemblies that play an important role in amplifying the nucleation process that is crucial for coating or neutralizing invasive threats to the mantle organ.
Computational science programs: The background research

There are many good reasons for an academic institution to pursue the addition of an undergraduate program in computational science. However, poor planning can lead to wasted time, money and resources, and ultimately a failed program. To create a viable program, it is essential to have buy-in from the computational faculty and science faculty, as well as the administration. In addition, it is important to understand the skill-set desired by the potential employers and graduate programs, and to design a curriculum around those needs keeping in mind the expertise of the faculty involved. This paper strives to share what was learned from over a year of background research on what it takes to have a successful computational science program.
Deposit Formation From No. 2 Distillate at Gas Turbine Conditions

Carbon deposit tests using No. 2 distillate fuel were performed in a flowing fuel/flowing atmosphere chamber utilizing a heated vertical test plate which simulates the interactions of fuel spray with combustor surfaces in a gas turbine downstream of the fuel nozzle. This type of interaction can occur in the premixing region of a low-NOx combustor operating on No. 2 fuel and can impact performance and reliability.Deposit formation was studied as a function of surface temperature, surface composition, duration of exposure, atmospheric composition, and fuel type. Surface temperature and oxygen content in the atmosphere appear to have the greatest effect upon deposition: whereas the surface composition and exposure duration have a negligible effect. Conversion of fuel to deposits decreases somewhat as fuel flaw rate increases. A peak conversion to deposits of 0.1 grams per kg of fuel (0.01% conversion) occurred at a surface temperature of 345 C (653 F). The conversion fraction dropped to less than 1% of [he peak conversion below 225 C (437 F) and above 410 C (777 F). A comparison with published data from horizontal plate tests show different rates at specific temperatures which can be attributed to the test geometry, flow rate and residence time.Copyright © 1996 by ASME
Which Lens: Contact Lenses Currently Available for Extended Wear in Aphakia

Abstract To date, a number of specific materials have been used for extended wear lenses in aphakia. While none of the materials are ideal, reasonable results have been achieved with three types of materials: thin hydrophilics, silicone, and high water content hydrophilics. The various available lenses are described, and their physicial properties are related to the process of extended wear. The authors' techniques for fitting, follow-up, evaluation, and prevention of complications are presented.
A reason for reasonable doubt in social justice: the weight of poverty, race and gender in lopsided homicide case clearances outcomes

Threats to and lack of social justice in response to homicide victims in the USA is one of the most provocative topics of inquiry. The current study empirically scrutinises a decade of data and statistical trends regarding case clearances for homicide victims. The relationship between a homicide victim's race, age, gender and poverty status of their residential area was examined. Analysis of the circumstances and type of weapon used were also examined in conjunction with the status of the offender. The investigation of patterns over 10 years reveal that homicide victims who live in cities with high poverty and who happen to be young, African-American and male are less likely to have their case solved or cleared.
Spatial and temporal chemical variability in the Hillsborough River system

Abstract The Hillsborough River originates in the Green Swamp, a principal recharge area of the Floridan Aquifer system. As the river flows to Tampa Bay, its chemistry is influenced by a variety of natural and anthropogenic inputs. Spatial and temporal variations in the river's major ion concentrations, CO 2 -system chemistry, and nutrients were examined in a two-year study between 1999 and 2001. At thirteen sampling stations along approximately 87 km of the river, water samples were collected in surroundings that ranged from pristine to urban. Concentrations of major ions were lowest in the river's headwaters, showed only minor spatial variations mid-river, and sharply increased in tidally influenced waters below the dam on the lower river. The mid-river major ion composition is relatively constant in large part because two of the river's most compositionally distinctive inputs, Blackwater Creek and Crystal Springs, are located well upstream. Below the confluence of Blackwater Creek and river water that is largely derived from Crystal Springs, concentrations of Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , HCO 3 − , F − , Cl − and PO 4 3− showed spatial variations that were smaller than +/− 30%. Only SO 4 2− and NO 3 − exhibited strong downstream variations. Sulfate concentrations increased by more than a factor of two, and NO 3 − decreased by more than an order of magnitude. In contrast to spatial variations in the river's chemistry, temporal variations were quite large. Concentrations of major ions decreased during the rainy season (June–September) by as much as a factor of 3–5, and phosphate concentrations increased by approximately an order of magnitude. The river's CO 2 -system also showed strong seasonal variations. River pH and CaCO 3 saturation state decreased sharply during periods of high precipitation. CaCO 3 supersaturation was observed during the exceptionally dry periods of the study, and undersaturation was observed during periods of high rainfall. Overall, the Hillsborough River's delivery of solutes to Tampa Bay is greatly influenced by temporal variations in river hydrology, and distinct chemical signatures from the river's tributaries, groundwater sources, and anthropogenic inputs. The river's output of phosphate to the bay, which is exceptionally high during periods of high river-flow, is especially notable.
Motor and cognitive stereotypies in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of autism

The BTBR T+tf/J inbred mouse strain displays a variety of persistent phenotypic alterations similar to those exhibited in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The unique genetic background of the BTBR strain is thought to underlie its lack of reciprocal social interactions, elevated repetitive self-directed grooming, and restricted exploratory behaviors. In order to clarify the existence, range, and mechanisms of abnormal repetitive behaviors within BTBR mice, we performed detailed analyses of the microstructure of self-grooming patterns and noted increased overall grooming, higher percentages of interruptions in grooming bouts and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of incorrect sequence transitions compared to C57BL/6J inbred mice. Analyses of active phase home-cage behavior also revealed an increase in stereotypic bar-biting behavior in the BTBR strain relative to B6 mice. Finally, in a novel object investigation task, the BTBR mice exhibited greater baseline preference for specific unfamiliar objects as well as more patterned sequences of sequential investigations of those items. These results suggest that the repetitive, stereotyped behavior patterns of BTBR mice are relatively pervasive and reflect both motor and cognitive mechanisms. Furthermore, other pre-clinical mouse models of ASDs may benefit from these more detailed analyses of stereotypic behavior.
Biopsychology of mimicry games and human psychological defenses

Les mimiques de l'homme, comme proces d'integration sociale. Conceptualisation biologique de la notion de mimique consideree comme partie integrante d'un mecanisme de defense integre au jeu strategique: le jeu social. Ceci en fonction des grands parametres biologiques qui regulent la vie du moi: homeostase et heterostase
Effect of liver extract on growth of rabbits.

SummaryThe addition of 4% 1:20 liver concentrate to purified rations increased the rate of growth and aided in the maintenance of a general healthy appearance of rabbits. The improved performance noted when liver extract was added is apparently not attributable to known nutrients including folic acid, biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid and cystine. The results indicate that liver contains an unidentified factor essential for the maximum rate of growth of the rabbit.
Full-thickness eyelid penetration during cosmetic blepharopigmentation causing eye injury.

Summary Purpose This paper aims to present a case of iatrogenic injury to the globe during cosmetic eyelid blepharopigmentation (tattooing). Design/Methods Observational case report. Results A 46-year-old Asian female presented with chemosis and injection of the conjunctiva one day following cosmetic blepharopigmentation. The tattoo needle had penetrated full-thickness through the lid margin, resulting in a line of pigment along the superior bulbar conjunctiva with an associated inflammatory reaction. The conjunctivitis resolved with treatment, but the pigment remained. Conclusion Physicians should be aware of the potential complications of cosmetic tattooing. Some measures for the prevention of iatrogenic injury are suggested.