cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediculicide resistance in head lice: A survey

The head louse is an obligate human parasite. Evidence points to the growing resistance of head lice to nonprescription pesticides (eg, synergized pyrethrins, permethrin). To gather data, recent pharmacy graduates were surveyed about treatment failures and resistant lice. The response rate was 28.4%, with 173 of 609 surveys returned. One hundred and thirty-one pharmacists provided information that they had gathered during counseling sessions or other contacts with patients. Patients who remained infested after using either synergized pyrethrins or permethrin were encountered by 81.7% and 78.6% of pharmacists, respectively; these treatment failures occurred once or twice weekly in 58.1% of pharmacists' practices. Patients treating themselves more frequently or in higher doses with pesticides in an attempt to rid themselves of lice were reported by 62.6% of pharmacists. Patients reported the use of gasoline, kerosene, or other dangerous treatments once weekly or more in the experience of 42% of pharmacists. Resistant head lice had been a problem in their areas for 1 or 2 years for 42.8% of pharmacists. A smaller percentage (5.3%) of pharmacists had received official confirmation that resistant head lice were present in their areas. Pharmacists recommended nontoxic options (eg, combing and vacuuming) 19.8% of the time with positive results. Resistance seems to be a widespread, growing phenomenon and is not entirely related to patients' inability to use pesticides correctly. Pharmacists should consider recommending nontoxic alternatives that do not pose a threat to the patient or environment and do not contribute to resistance.
Studies on corneal polysaccharides. I. Separation.

A method for the isolation of the polysaccharides of bovine corneal stroma has been developed. A procedure based on chromatography on ECTEOLA columns readily removed the peptides from proteolytic digests of corneal tissue and made possible a nearly quantitative recovery of an essentially protein-free product. A detailed investigation of the general applicability and limitations of ECTEOLA chromatography revealed that stepwise elution with salt solutions of increasing concentration effected partial separation of the individual polysaccharides. Gel filtration and zone electrophoresis studies showed that complete fractionation was not achieved because of the charge and molecular weight polydispersity within each species. Alcohol fractionation of ECTEOLA eluates, however, obviated these difficulties and proved to be highly effective in rendering a virtually complete separation of the glucosamino-glycans and the galaotosaminoglycans. The total hexosamine content of bovine corneal stroma was found to be 1.6% of the dry tissue, and at least 90% of the hexosamine appeared to be part of the polysaccharide fractions.
Experimental study on energy performance of active chilled beam systems

Active chilled beam systems have gained attentions due to their excellent thermal and energy performance, leading to a variety of research in modeling and experimentation. However, few experimental...
Preparation and characterization of members of the systems Cu(II)/MgO and Cu(II)/ZrO2

Abstract Cu(II) is known to prefer square planar or tetrahedral coordination in many oxides. The introduction of Cu(II) in the rock salt or fluorite structures would represent unusual structural behavior and be of interest in catalysis where new oxide supports are being investigated. The systems CuO/MgO and CuO ZrO 2 were studied and the nature of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, temperature programmed reduction studies and magnetic susceptibility. Although some stabilization occurs for Cu(II) in ZrO2, a much greater stabilization was observed in the rock salt structure CuxMg1−xO.
TuA2.3 - Narrow-Gap HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors

HgTe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are solution-processed, spectrally-tunable infrared materials for next-generation short- and mid-infrared photodetectors. Photodiodes with p-on-n and n-on-p architectures achieve room temperature specific detectivities >1010 Jones below 2.5 µm and up to 109 Jones at 4 µm with background-limited photodetection upon cooling.
PTCY keeps on giving

In this issue of Blood, Battipaglia and colleagues report improved outcomes for patients receiving posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) vs antithymocyte globulin (ATG) as backbone of their immunosuppression regimen after 1-antigen mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 1
Personal hair dye use and risk of glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma among adults

4568 Background: Previous studies have suggested an association of personal hair dye use with bladder and hematopoietic cancers. Risks for brain tumors have been little studied, but one recent report observed an association of glioblastoma multiforme with long-term use of permanent hair dyes. We investigated associations between hair dye use and risk of glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma in a hospital-based case-control study in the U.S. Methods: Color, frequency, and duration of use of permanent, semi-permanent, temporary and gradual hair dye were assessed among cases newly diagnosed with glioma (n=489), meningioma (n=197), or acoustic neuroma (n=96), and 799 controls. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: There was no statistically significant association of ever use of permanent, semi-permanent, temporary, or gradual hair dye with glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma. There was no significant association of any color of hair dye with brain tumors, except with 20 or more years’ use of permanent brown hair dye for glioma (13 exposed cases; OR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 12.5) among women. Discussion: Overall, there was little evidence for an association of permanent, semi-permanent, temporary, or gradual hair dye use with glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma; however, prolonged use of dark permanent colors, particularly brown, warrants further investigation given the high prevalence of hair dye use.
Curriculum in Action: Teaching Students to Combat Human Trafficking:

Human trafficking severely endangers vulnerable individuals from around the globe. Schools play an important role to educate students the potential harms of human trafficking and should become more...
Evaluating cross-sectoral impacts of climate change and adaptations on the energy-water nexus: a framework and California case study

Author(s): Szinai, JK; Deshmukh, R; Kammen, DM; Jones, AD | Abstract: Electricity and water systems are inextricably linked through water demands for energy generation, and through energy demands for using, moving, and treating water and wastewater. Climate change may stress these interdependencies, together referred to as the energy-water nexus, by reducing water availability for hydropower generation and by increasing irrigation and electricity demand for groundwater pumping, among other feedbacks. Further, many climate adaptation measures to augment water supplies - such as water recycling and desalination - are energy-intensive. However, water and electricity system climate vulnerabilities and adaptations are often studied in isolation, without considering how multiple interactive risks may compound. This paper reviews the fragmented literature and develops a generalized framework for understanding these implications of climate change on the energy-water nexus. We apply this framework in a case study to quantify end-century direct climate impacts on California's water and electricity resources and estimate the magnitude of the indirect cross-sectoral feedback of electricity demand from various water adaptation strategies. Our results show that increased space cooling demand and decreased hydropower generation are the most significant direct climate change impacts on California's electricity sector by end-century. In California's water sector, climate change impacts directly on surface water availability exceed demand changes, but have considerable uncertainty, both in direction and magnitude. Additionally, we find that the energy demands of water sector climate adaptations could significantly affect California's future electricity system needs. If the worst-case water shortage occurs under climate change, water-conserving adaptation measures can provide large energy savings co-benefits, but other energy-intensive water adaptations may double the direct impacts of climate change on the state's electricity resource requirement. These results highlight the value of coordinated adaptation planning between the energy and water sectors to achieve mutually beneficial solutions for climate resilience.
Divergent thermal challenges elicit convergent stress signatures in aposymbiotic Astrangia poculata

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change threatens corals globally and both high and low temperatures are known to induce coral bleaching. However, coral stress responses across wide thermal breadths are rarely explored. In addition, it is difficult to disentangle the role of symbiosis on the stress response of obligately symbiotic coral hosts. Here, we leverage aposymbiotic colonies of the facultatively symbiotic coral, Astrangia poculata, which lives naturally with and without its algal symbiont, to examine how broad thermal challenges influence coral hosts. A. poculata were collected from their northern range limit and thermally challenged in two independent 16-day common garden experiments (heat and cold challenge) and behavioral responses to food stimuli and genome-wide gene expression profiling (TagSeq) were performed. Both thermal challenges elicited significant reductions in polyp extension. However, five times as many genes were differentially expressed under cold challenge compared to heat challenge. Despite more genes responding to cold challenge, there was significant overlap in which genes were differentially expressed across thermal challenges. These convergently responding genes (CRGs) were associated with downregulation of motor functions and nematocysts while others were consistent with stress responses previously identified in tropical corals. The fact that these responses were observed in aposymbiotic colonies highlights that many genes previously implicated in stress responses in symbiotic species may simply represent the coral’s stress response in or out of symbiosis.
Risk for deep venous thrombosis in pediatric cancer patients undergoing surgery.

Abstract Purpose Cancer is a well-established risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We sought to assess the incidence of DVT in pediatric cancer patients undergoing select surgical procedures at our institution and to identify additional factors associated with DVT development. Methods We performed a retrospective review of cancer patients who underwent select surgical procedures and developed a DVT within 30 days of their operation from 2000 to 2018 at our institution. Catheter-associated DVTs were excluded from this analysis. Major oncologic operations were selected. Results From 2000 to 2018, 3031 major oncologic operations were performed following which 14 symptomatic DVTs occurred, for an overall incidence of 0.46%. Procedures associated with post-operative DVT included: mass biopsy (7), pulmonary wedge resection (2), inguinal lymph node excision (1), colectomy (1), nephrectomy (1), lower extremity limb-sparing revision (1), and femur resection (1). Conclusions Our data suggest that surgery does not put children with cancer at significant risk for DVT. Given the low incidence of perioperative DVT, routine pharmacologic prophylaxis for children with cancer undergoing surgery does not seem warranted. Level of Evidence: II
A systematic review of the evidence supporting post-operative medication use in congenital heart disease.

Background: Targeted drug development efforts in patients with CHD are needed to standardise care, improve outcomes, and limit adverse events in the post-operative period. To identify major gaps in knowledge that can be addressed by drug development efforts and provide a rationale for current clinical practice, this review evaluates the evidence behind the most common medication classes used in the post-operative care of children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE from 2000 to 2019 using a controlled vocabulary and keywords related to diuretics, vasoactives, sedatives, analgesics, pulmonary vasodilators, coagulation system medications, antiarrhythmics, steroids, and other endocrine drugs. We included studies of drugs given post-operatively to children with CHD undergoing repair or palliation with cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: We identified a total of 127 studies with 51,573 total children across medication classes. Most studies were retrospective cohorts at single centres. There is significant age- and disease-related variability in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety. Conclusion: In this study, we discovered major gaps in knowledge for each medication class and identified areas for future research. Advances in data collection through electronic health records, novel trial methods, and collaboration can aid drug development efforts in standardising care, improving outcomes, and limiting adverse events in the post-operative period.
Public Benefit Use and Social Needs in Hospitalized Children With Undocumented Parents

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies supporta recent decline in public benefit enrollment among immigrant families. We aimed to describe health and resource use, barriers to use, and immigration-related fear in families with undocumented parents compared with families without undocumented parents. We also aimed to assess associations with discontinuation of public benefits and fear of deportation. METHODS We assessed immigration concerns and enrollment in Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) with an 89-item anonymous, cross-sectional survey of English- and Spanish-speaking caregivers of hospitalized children. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations with discontinuation of public benefits and fear of deportation. RESULTS Of 527 families approached, 399 enrolled (105 with 1 or more undocumented parent, 275 with no undocumented parent, and 19 with undisclosed immigration status). Compared with families without undocumented parents, families with undocumented parents had higher levels of poverty and food insecurity. Controlling for perceived eligibility, public benefit use was similar across groups. Of families with undocumented parents, 29% reported public benefit discontinuation because of immigration concerns, and 71% reported fear of deportation. Having an undocumented parent was associated with public benefit disenrollment (odds ratio: 46.7; 95% confidence interval: 5.9–370.4) and fear of deportation (odds ratio: 24.3; 95% confidence interval: 9.6–61.9). CONCLUSIONS Although families with undocumented parents had higher levels of poverty and food insecurity compared with families without undocumented parents, public benefit use was similar between groups. Immigration-related fear may be a barrier to public benefit use in this population.
Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in a Statewide Sample of Transgender Individuals

Transgender individuals experience violence and discrimination, which, in addition to gender transitioning, are established correlates of psychological distress. In a statewide sample of 350 transgender adults, we investigated whether a history of violence and discrimination increased the odds of reporting lifetime suicidal ideation (SI) and whether differences in SI were predicted by gender transition status. Violence, discrimination, and transition status significantly predicted SI. Compared with individuals with no plans to transition, individuals with plans or who were living as their identified gender reported greater odds of lifetime SI. We discuss implications for SI disparities using Meyer's minority stress model.
Proteins of chromatin in template restriction. I. RNA synthesis in vitro.

1. 1. Selective extraction of the very lysine-rich histone fraction F1 does not increase the activity of chromatin as a template for RNA synthesis in vitro. Removal of either arginine-rich histones F2a and F3 or lysine-rich histones F2b (together with F1) results in an increase of the template activity of chromatin. 2. 2. (NH4)2SO4 removes selectively the lysine-rich histone fractions F1 and F2b. Even in 1.0 M (NH4)2SO4 the arginine-rich histones F2a and F3 remain associated with chromatin. 3. 3. (NH4)2SO4 in 0.2 M concentration (as does 0.5 M NaCl) dissociates only the F1 histone fractions without simultaneous increase of the DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Since similar concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 increase the in vitro nuclear RNA synthesis several-fold, it can be concluded that the salt activation of RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei or chromatin is caused by the activation of RNA synthesis system and not by template derepression of chromatin. 4. 4. The pH of the salt solutions used to extract histones influences the solubility of nonhistone proteins. At pH 6.0 little nonhistone protein is extracted while at pH 8.0 considerable amount of nonhistone proteins is released into the solution.
Gene expression in vitro from deoxyribonucleic acid of bacteriophage T7.

Abstract The in vitro synthesis of lysozyme and RNA polymerase directed by DNA of bacteriophage T7 starts with different lag periods after addition of the template. The difference in lag period before appearance of enzyme could be attributed to a difference in the time needed for transcription. Assuming that the difference in lag phase is caused by a difference in the distance between the promoter and the corresponding gene, and taking into account the average rates of transcription and translation, the locations of the polymerase gene and the lysozyme gene on the phage genome were estimated. The distance between the promoter and the distal end of the lysozyme gene corresponds to an RNA of the molecular weight 2.2 x 106. The polymerase gene is closer to the promoter. Transcription of T7 DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in vitro does indeed result in a polycistronic messenger RNA containing the information for synthesis of both RNA polymerase and lysozyme.
Middle School Mathematics: Student Empowerment through Quality Innovations

Abstract With this issue, Professor Robert Reising begins his editorship of “What's New In… .” Dr. Reising—a professor of communicative arts, American Indian studies, and education—welcomes ideas for the column as well as reactions to articles that appear here, particularly from middle and secondary school educators. Ideas should focus on trends on that level; unsolicited manuscripts are not invited.
A method for detecting impaired local blood flow in the intact intestine.

Summary A method for detecting impaired intestinal blood flow is described. This technique uses two miniature GM tubes positioned respectively in duodenum and in either jejunum or ileum for simultaneous monitoring of radioactivity after intravenous administration of K 42 . Experiments were performed to show that only the radioactivity in the intestinal wall surrounding the GM tubes is recorded to an appreciable degree. After intravenous K 42 , the ratio of the peak count rate in jejunum or ileum compared to the first part of the duodenum in anesthetized control dogs was 0.65 to 1.28 (mean, 0.95). During complete SMA occlusion, little or no radioactivity was recorded from jejunum or ileum, while duodenal peak counts were unaltered. This resulted in a J-I/D of 0 to 0.13 (mean, 0.06). When the SMA was partially occluded, a progressive decrease in SMA blood flow produced a progressive decrease in the J-I/D once SMA flow was less than 50% of control values. This technique is feasible in intact man. When a dose of 1 to 2 μc per kilogram of body weight of K 42 was used, the J-I/D was 0.62 to 1.24 (mean, 0.88) in 4 subjects with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease.
Optimized 0.1 mu m GaAs MESFET's

The authors have optimized the design of conventional GaAs MESFETs for high-frequency operation. FETs were fabricated using electron beam lithography to define 0.1- mu m mushroom and T gates. The best results obtained included peak transconductance of 600 mS/mm, f/sub t/=93 GHz, and f/sub max/>or=150 GHz. In addition, studies were carried out to examine the effect of gate shape and location on high-frequency device performance. >
Ultraviolet radiation reduces resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs.

Summary Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight suppresses anti-microbial immunity and may impair vaccine inefficacy. To investigate whether UVR reduces the protective efficacy of BCG vaccine, guinea pigs were exposed to a single dose of 5.6, 11.2, or 22.5kJ/m 2 of UVR either 3 days before or 3 or 28 days after BCG vaccination and then challenged by the aerosol route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 weeks later. Pre-challenge skin test responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) were significantly reduced in the UV-irradiated animals. Similarly, exposure to UVR reduced the proliferation of spleen cells to PPD, altered cytokine mRNA expression in spleen and lung digest cells, and increased the colony forming units (CFU) in the lungs of M. tuberculosis -infected guinea pigs at 5 weeks post-infection. Spleen IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12p40 mRNA levels were higher when exposed to 5.6kJ/m 2 UVR, while the levels were significantly reduced at 11.2 and 22.5kJ/m 2 . Lung cell IL-10 mRNA expression increased at all UVR doses. Thus, UVR exposure a few days before or after BCG vaccination at a distant unirradiated site impaired vaccine-induced resistance against virulent M. tuberculosis in guinea pigs possibly by altering cytokine responses in a UVR dose-dependent manner.
Effects of age on F0 discrimination and intonation perception in simulated electric and electroacoustic hearing.

Objectives: Recent research suggests that older listeners may have difficulty processing information related to the fundamental frequency (F 0 ) of voiced speech. In this study, the focus was on the mechanisms that may underlie this reduced ability. We examined whether increased age resulted in decreased ability to perceive F o using fine-structure cues provided by the harmonic structure of voiced speech sounds or cues provided by high-rate envelope fluctuations (periodicity). Design: Younger listeners with normal hearing and older listeners with normal to near-normal hearing completed two tasks of F o perception. In the first task (steady state F 0 ), the fundamental frequency difference limen (F 0 DL) was measured adaptively for synthetic vowel stimuli. In the second task (time-varying F 0 ), listeners relied on variations in F o to judge intonation of synthetic diphthongs. For both tasks, three processing conditions were created: eight-channel vocoding that preserved periodicity cues to F 0 ; a simulated electroacoustic stimulation condition, which consisted of high-frequency vocoder processing combined with a low-pass-filtered portion, and offered both periodicity and fine-structure cues to F 0 ; and an unprocessed condition. Results: F o difference limens for steady state vowel sounds and the ability to discern rising and falling intonations were significantly worse in the older subjects compared with the younger subjects. For both older and younger listeners, scores were lowest for the vocoded condition, and there was no difference in scores between the unprocessed and electroacoustic simulation conditions. Conclusions: Older listeners had difficulty using periodicity cues to obtain information related to talker fundamental frequency. However, performance was improved by combining periodicity cues with (low frequency) acoustic information, and that strategy should be considered in individuals who are appropriate candidates for such processing. For cochlear implant candidates, this effect might be achieved by partial electrode insertion providing acoustic stimulation in the low frequencies or by the combination of a traditional implant in one ear and a hearing aid in the opposite ear.
The effect of surface composition on the surface electronic structure of the CuNi alloys: A study by UPS

Abstract We report a.u.v. photoemission study of the surface electronic structures of the well annealed and argon sputtered surface of CuNi alloys. The UPS results indicate substantial Cu enrichment on the annealed alloy surface, in agreement with previous AES measurements. Furthermore, individual peaks in the surface electronic structure can be associated with the Ni or Cu component of the alloy, in accord with the CPA theory and the more recent ATA theory.
Additional resonances in electron scattering by atomic oxygen

Four new resonances, located at 10.73, 12.55, 14.40, and 15.65 eV, are observed in electron scattering by atomic oxygen. Two of these resonances, located at 10.73 and 15.65 eV, have been predicted theoretically to occur at 10.63 ($sup 4$S)3p$sup 2$ $sup 6$P and 15.75 eV ($sup 2$P)3p$sup 2$ $sup 4$D, respectively. We attribute the two other resonances at 12.55 eV and 14.40 eV, to the configurations ($sup 2$D)3s3p and ($sup 2$P)3s3p. With the addition of these new identifications, a total of ten resonances are now known to occur in atomic oxygen, completing the traid of resonance configurations, 3s$sup 2$, 3s3p, and 3p$sup 2$, associated with each of the three lowest ($sup 4$S, $sup 2$D, $sup 2$P) positive ion states.
Association between Inflammation and Biological Variation in Hemoglobin A1c in U.S. Nondiabetic Adults.

Context: Inflammation is associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Whether the relationship is independent of blood glucose concentration remains unclear. Objective: The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) was used to test the hypothesis that interindividual variation in HbA1c is associated with inflammation. Participants: This study used nondiabetic adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2008). Main Outcome Measures: A subsample of participants was used to estimate the linear regression relationship between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Predicted HbA1c were calculated for 7323 nondiabetic participants by inserting FPG into the equation, HbA1c = 0.017× FPG (mg/dL) + 3.7. HGI was calculated as the difference between the observed and predicted HbA1c and the population was divided into low, moderate, and high HGI subgroups. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), monocytes, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as biomarkers of inflammation. Results: Mean...
Relations between wind speed, Langmuir circulation and particle concentration in the ocean

Abstract Measurements of sea water samples near Bermuda showed an increase of particulate material with increased wind speed. Samples from in and between convergence areas Langmuir circulation showed an increase of particulate material beneath the convergences.
A serum-free defined medium for retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Abstract Human and bovine RPE cells underwent changes in morphology and culture doubling times when passaged in serum-supplemented medium (CM). Furthermore, late passage human RPE cells subcultured in CM medium increased synthesis of three acidic, 43 000–63 000 D proteins. In order to provide a controlled environment for the study of RPE cells in vitro, we have devloped a method for growing human and bovine RPE in a serum-free defined medium (DM). RPE cells grown in DM required a 24 h pretreatment with CM to allow the cells to attach and spread on the substrate. Cells grown in DM retained an epithelioid morphology, a stable culture doubling time, and similar 2-D PAGE patterns through several subculturings.
Synthesis and oxygenation of a nickel(II) and zinc(II) dithiolate: an experimental and theoretical comparison.

The diamino-dithiolato N2S2 ligand N,N‘-bis-2-methyl-mercaptopropyl-N,N‘-dimethylethylenediamine, H2(bmmp-dmed), and its nickel (1) and zinc (2) complexes have been prepared and their reactivities ...
Ultrafine particles from diesel engines induce vascular oxidative stress via JNK activation

Exposure to particulate air pollution is linked to increased incidences of cardiovascular diseases. Ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) from diesel vehicle engines have been shown to be proatherogenic in ApoE knockout mice and may constitute a major cardiovascular risk in humans. We posited that circulating nano-sized particles from traffic pollution sources induce vascular oxidative stress via JNK activation in endothelial cells. Diesel UFP were collected from a 1998 Kenworth truck. Intracellular superoxide assay revealed that these UFP dose-dependently induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Flow cytometry showed that UFP increased MitoSOX red intensity specific for mitochondrial superoxide. Protein carbonyl content was increased by UFP as an indication of vascular oxidative stress. UFP also up-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tissue factor (TF) mRNA expression, and pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly decreased their expression. Furthermore, UFP transiently activated JNK in HAEC. Treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and silencing of both JNK1 and JNK2 with siRNA inhibited UFP-stimulated O(2)(-) production and mRNA expression of HO-1 and TF. Our findings suggest that JNK activation plays an important role in UFP-induced oxidative stress and stress response gene expression.
Onset of magnetic correlations in the dilute spin fluctuation system (La,U)Al2

Abstract We report a study of La 1- x U x Al 2 (0.006⩽ x ⩽0.2) with characterization by X-ray diffraction, susceptibility and specific heat in fields up to 14 T. Variation of the effective distance between the uranium atoms by means of lanthanum doping is seen to control the specific heat up to the onset of magnetic correlations. X-ray diffractometry and susceptibility measurements suggest that annealing of the samples causes a phase separation and formation of UAl 2 clusters, thereby lowering the susceptibility and the effective moment of the samples.
Aortoiliac Bypass in a Renal Transplant Patient Using a New Technique

There are only 18 patients described in the English literature who had a preexisting renal transplant and underwent aortic surgery for aortoiliac occlusive disease. We describe an additional patient who was treated with a new technique using a Sundt shunt and a GraftAssist. This technique provides antegrade flow and minimal ischemic time and avoids exploration of arteries not involved in the anastomosis.
TU‐FF‐A3‐04: Intrafraction Motion of Prostate in Cyberknife Hypofractionated Radiotherapy

Purpose: To report the characteristics of prostate motion as tracked using implanted fiducials during hypofractionated radiotherapy with CyberKnife. Method and Materials: Twenty one patients with prostate cancer who were treated with CyberKnife between January 2005 and September 2007 were selected for this retrospective study. The CyberKnife uses a stereoscopic X‐ray system to obtain the position of the prostate target through the monitoring of implanted gold fiducial markers. If there is a significant deviation, the treatment is paused while the patient is repositioned by moving the couch. The deviations calculated from X‐ray images acquired within the time interval between two consecutive couch motions constitute a data set. Results: A total of 427 data sets and 4439 time stamps of X‐ray images were analyzed. The average duration for each data set is 697 s. The spread of prostate position increases as the time elapses. At 30 s, a motion larger than 2 mm exists in about 5% of data sets. The percentage is increased to 8%, 11%, and 14% at 60 s, 90 s, and 120 s, respectively. A similar trend exists for other values of prostate motion. Conclusion: With proper monitoring during treatment, the prostate shifts observed among the patients can be kept well within the tracking range of the CyberKnife. On average the sampling interval of ∼40 s between consecutive X‐rays is adequate to ensure sub‐millimeter tracking. However, there is significant movement variation among patients and higher sampling rate is necessary in some patients.
The respiratory pigment of the serpulid polychaete, Serpula vermicularis L. Structure of its chlorocruorin and hemoglobin (erythrocruorin)

Abstract 1. 1. The respiratory pigment found in the vascular fluid of Serpula vermicularis appears to be homogeneous with respect to molecular weight (3 × 106), charge (pl = 5.1) and high pH dissociation properties. 2. 2. Serpula pigment contains one iron per 24,700 g protein with 60% of the iron present as chlorocruoroheme and 40% as heme. This ratio of chlorocruoroheme to heme was found in worms ranging in weight from about 50 to 500 mg. 3. 3. The pigment is composed of at least three subunits with molecular weights in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of 13,300, 14,700 and 17,500. The amino acid composition of this pigment is similar to those of other annelid extracellular hemoglobins and chlorocruorins. 4. 4. Preliminary oxygen equilibrium experiments show that the heme oxygen binding site may combine with oxygen in a manner different from the chlorocruoroheme oxygen binding site. 5. 5. These results are discussed with respect to possible structures of S. vermicularis pigment, its relationships to other annelid pigments and its function.
Measurement of peptide-specific IgE as an additional tool in identifying patients with clinical reactivity to peanuts.

Abstract Background: Peanut allergy is one of the most common food allergies, often resulting in severe reactions. Diagnostic decision levels of food-specific IgE antibody concentrations have been described. However, many patients still need to undergo oral peanut challenges because their IgE levels are in the nondiagnostic level. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether differences exist in IgE-binding epitope recognition between sensitized children with and without symptomatic peanut allergy. Methods: Eight peptides representing the immunodominant sequential epitopes on Ara h 1, 2, and 3 were synthesized on SPOTs membranes. Individual patient labeling was performed with sera from 15 patients with symptomatic peanut allergy and 16 patients who were sensitized but tolerant. Ten of these 16 patients had "outgrown" their allergy. Results: Regardless of their peanut-specific IgE levels, most patients with symptomatic peanut allergy showed IgE binding to the 3 immunodominant epitopes on Ara h 2. In contrast, each of these epitopes was recognized by
A special mold and tracer technique for studying shear and extensional flows in a mold cavity during injection molding

A specially-designed mold with interchangeable cavity plates was built and used with an Instron capillary rheometer, type MCR, to investigate the injection molding process. Flow patterns in the mold cavity were illustrated with a visual tracer technique. The complete deformation history of the tracers was recorded on a motion picture for several runs. The flow patterns provide data for computing the components of the rate-of-deformation tensor which is used to identify specific shear and extensional flows. The tracer marks in the cross section of a molding offer information on the skin thickness and the dimensions of the core channel.
Spatiotemporally resolved air exchange rate as a modifier of acute air pollution-related morbidity in Atlanta.

Epidemiological studies frequently use central site concentrations as surrogates of exposure to air pollutants. Variability in air pollutant infiltration due to differential air exchange rates (AERs) is potentially a major factor affecting the relationship between central site concentrations and actual exposure, and may thus influence observed health risk estimates. In this analysis, we examined AER as an effect modifier of associations between several urban air pollutants and corresponding emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and wheeze during a 4-year study period (January 1999–December 2002) for a 186 ZIP code area in metro Atlanta. We found positive associations for the interaction between AER and pollution on asthma ED visits for both carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), indicating significant or near-significant effect modification by AER on the pollutant risk-ratio estimates. In contrast, the interaction term between particulate matter (PM)2.5 and AER on asthma ED visits was negative and significant. However, alternative distributional tertile analyses showed PM2.5 and AER epidemiological model results to be similar to those found for NOx and CO (namely, increasing risk ratios (RRs) with increasing AERs when ambient PM2.5 concentrations were below the highest tertile of their distribution). Despite the fact that ozone (O3) was a strong independent predictor of asthma ED visits in our main analysis, we found no O3–AER effect modification. To our knowledge, our findings for CO, NOx, and PM2.5 are the first to provide an indication of short-term (i.e., daily) effect modification of multiple air pollution-related risk associations with daily changes in AER. Although limited to one outcome category in a single large urban locale, the findings suggest that the use of relatively simple and easy-to-derive AER surrogates may reflect intraurban differences in short-term exposures to pollutants of ambient origin.
Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly Studied with a Biochemical Assay for Annulate Lamellae Formation

Formation of the nuclear pore is an intricate process involving membrane fusion and the ordered assembly of up to 1,000 pore proteins. As such, the study of pore assembly is not a simple one. Interestingly, annulate lamellae, a cytoplasmic organelle consisting of stacks of flattened membrane cisternae perforated by numerous pore complexes, have been found to form spontaneously in a reconstitution system derived from Xenopus egg extracts, as determined by electron microscopy (Dabauvalle et al., 1991). In this work, a biochemical assay for annulate lamellae (AL) formation was developed and used to study the mechanism of AL assembly in general and the assembly of individual nucleoporins into pore complexes in particular. Upon incubation of Xenopus egg cytosol and membrane vesicles, the nucleoporins nup58, nup60, nup97, nup153, and nup200 initially present in a disassembled form in the cytosol became associated with membranes and were pelletable. The association was time and temperature dependent and could be measured by immunoblotting. Thin-section electron microscopy as well as negative staining confirmed that annulate lamellae were forming coincident with the incorporation of pore proteins into membranes. Homogenization and subsequent flotation of the membrane fraction allowed us to separate a population of dense membranes, containing the integral membrane pore protein gp210 and all other nucleoporins tested, from the bulk of cellular membranes. Electron microscopy indicated that annulate lamellae were enriched in this dense, pore protein-containing fraction. GTP gamma S prevented incorporation of the soluble pore proteins into membranes. To address whether AL form in the absence of N-acetylglucosaminylated pore proteins, AL assembly was carried out in WGA-sepharose-depleted cytosol. Under these conditions, annulate lamellae formed but were altered in appearance. When the membrane fraction containing this altered AL was homogenized and subjected to flotation, the pore protein-containing membranes still sedimented in a distinct peak but were less dense than control annulate lamellae.
Giant hemmorhagic hepatic adenoma in a patient with a syncopal episode: CT scan, intraoperative, gross and microscopic photographs of the 18.5 cm adenoma. a literature review of the association with oral contraceptive use

Giant hemmorhagic hepatic adenoma in a patient with a syncopal episode: CT scan, intraoperative, gross and microscopic photographs of the 18.5 cm adenoma. a literature review of the association with oral contraceptive use
A filtration model for study of leukocyte transit in the microcirculation.

In order to study characteristics of leukocytes which would be important determinants of their flow in the microcirculation, a model system was tested which utilizes in vitro filtration of leukocytes. Normal human peripheral blood leukocytes (85–90% granulocytes) were studied with filters with uniform 8 μm pore size. Studies were performed to determine the effects of EDTA, temperature, hydrostatic pressure, pH, and osmolarity on filtration. Filterability was optimal at 0.2% EDTA, 10 cm hydrostatic pressure, neutral pH, isotonicity, and at room temperature. Filtration was slowed greatly at leukocyte concentrations exceeding 25 × 199/liter. When leukocyte membranes were altered by formalin fixation, filtration slowed greatly, indicating that deformability is an important determinant of flow through small orifices. When mixtures of erythrocytes and leukocytes were filtered, there was a paradoxically enhanced transit of leukocytes compared to filtration of leukocytes alone, indicating interactions between these cells which alter flow. These studies serve to characterize this model system which can be used to study the contribution to flow in the microcirculation of both normal and pathological leukocytes.
Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction from basic biology to clinical intervention.

Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in the hemodialysis population at a cost of over 1 billion dollars per annum. Venous stenosis and thrombosis as a result of venous neointimal hyperplasia are the major causes of hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction. Despite the magnitude of the clinical problem, there are currently no effective therapies for this condition. We believe that this could be because of an inadequate understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition. At a histological level, venous neointimal hyperplasia (both in human specimens and in a pig model) is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle cells/myofibroblasts, microvessel formation (angiogenesis), and the accumulation of extracellular matrix components, all of which could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In particular, polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis access grafts could be the ideal clinical model for testing out novel local therapies to block neointimal hyperplasia. The current review describes the lesion of venous neointimal hyperplasia in human samples and in a pig model and suggests possible future directions for the development of effective local therapies for this condition.
Scanning Soft X-Ray Microscopy

Soft x-ray microscopy allows high resolution imaging of wet biological samples. 100A resolution has been demonstrated with contact microscopy while to date scanning microscopes have achieved 750A resolution. The present state of soft x-ray microscopy is reviewed with emphasis on scanning systems. We compare the various combinations of soft x-ray sources and focusing optics for scanning microscopes and summarize the present performance of the three operating synchrotron / zone plate scanning microscopes. Finally, we describe the SLanford tabletop scanning soft x-ray microscope which uses a laser-produced plasma source with normal incidence mirror focusing optics.
Stabilities of trivalent metal ion complexes of the tetraacetate derivatives of 12-, 13- and 14-membered tetraazamacrocycles

Abstract The stabilities of metal complexes of the trivalent metal ions La(III), Gd(III), Fe(III), Ga(III) and In(III) with the tetraazamacrocyclic tetraacetates, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴ -tetraacetic acid (DOTA), 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane-N, N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (TRITA) and 1,4,8,11- tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (TETA), have been determined in KCl electrolyte (I = 0.100 M, 25.0 °C) by potentiometric p[H] methods and by spectrophotometric determination of exchange with a competing ligand. All of the trivalent metal ion complexes of DOTA, TRITA and TETA form precipitates at neutral and higher p[H] but are soluble in acidic solutions. The log stability constants (log KML = [ML−]/[L4−][M3+]) of the La(III), Gd(III), Ga(III) and In(III) complexes of DOTA (L) (log KLaL = 21.7; log KGdL = 24.0; log KGaL = 21.33; log KInL = 23.9) are low in comparison to that of Fe(III)-DOTA (log KFeL = 29.4). The stabilities of the trivalent metal complexes with TRITA and TETA are lower than those of the DOTA complexes. In(III) has slightly higher affinities for these ligands than does Ga(III), while the affinity of Gd(III) is considerably higher than that of La(III).
Rational Data Base Standards: An Examination of the 1978 CODASYL DDLC Report

Abstract The CODASYL Data Description Language Committee's 1978 Report incorporates numerous enhancements and language changes made since the earlier 1971 and 1973 reports. Unfortunately, the major design limitations associated with these earlier specifications, in particular a schema facility too closely related to machine rather than enterprise requirements and an extremely limited subschema facility, are retained. After examination of these limitations, we suggest that the recent CODASYL specifications remain inappropriate as either an instance of an ANSI/SPARC three-schema architecture or as a candidate for a national data base system standard. A long term strategy for the development of a more rational proposal for standardization is suggested. And a short term strategy is offered, one that permits rational planning for and implementation of data base conversions to occur today, without concern that subsequently developed standards might render obsolete the conversion effort and data base management system selected.
Plant Cell and Tissue Cultures: The Role of Haberlandt

The aseptic culture of plant cells and tissues as technique is now well established. Successful development of tissue culture was necessitated by a physiological problem which clearly demanded for its solution some extreme form of isolation of the tissues being studied. Although real success first came with animal tissues, the botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854-1945) (Fig.1) clearly set forth the purposes and potentialities of cell culture after having attempted culture of plant cells. Haberlandt was not entirely successful but foresaw the use of cell culture as an elegant means of studying physiological and morphological problems.
Yki/YAP, Sd/TEAD and Hth/MEIS Control Tissue Specification in the Drosophila Eye Disc Epithelium

During animal development, accurate control of tissue specification and growth are critical to generate organisms of reproducible shape and size. The eye-antennal disc epithelium of Drosophila is a powerful model system to identify the signaling pathway and transcription factors that mediate and coordinate these processes. We show here that the Yorkie (Yki) pathway plays a major role in tissue specification within the developing fly eye disc epithelium at a time when organ primordia and regional identity domains are specified. RNAi-mediated inactivation of Yki, or its partner Scalloped (Sd), or increased activity of the upstream negative regulators of Yki cause a dramatic reorganization of the eye disc fate map leading to specification of the entire disc epithelium into retina. On the contrary, constitutive expression of Yki suppresses eye formation in a Sd-dependent fashion. We also show that knockdown of the transcription factor Homothorax (Hth), known to partner Yki in some developmental contexts, also induces an ectopic retina domain, that Yki and Scalloped regulate Hth expression, and that the gain-of-function activity of Yki is partially dependent on Hth. Our results support a critical role for Yki- and its partners Sd and Hth - in shaping the fate map of the eye epithelium independently of its universal role as a regulator of proliferation and survival.