cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculation of the forbidden 2P1/2 to 2P3/2 ground-state M1 transition in the boron isoelectronic sequence

Relativistic calculations of the M1 transition between the 2P1/2 to 2P3/2 levels of the ground-state boron isoelectronic sequence were performed using the multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock extended average level (MCDF-EAL) method. The three configurations 2s22p1, 2s12p2 and 2s02p3 were used. Breit and QED effects were treated as first-order perturbations. Comparison of the authors' results with earlier calculations shows an average agreement to within 2-3%. Excellent comparison was obtained throughout the range of Z. Experimental values were unavailable for comparison.
Considering the critical interface between tumor cells and stromal cells in the search for targets for anticancer therapy

In this issue of Cancer Cell, a paper by Lynch et al. demonstrates how the careful study of changes that occur at the interface between tumor cells and stromal cells led to the discovery of a new function for matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in the formation of osteolytic lesions in prostate cancer. The data suggest that MMP-7 inhibition could be a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
Expression and binding activity of the glucocorticoid receptor are upregulated in septic muscle

We examined the influence of sepsis, induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats, on the protein and gene expression and hormone binding activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in skeletal muscle. Sepsis resulted in increased GR mRNA and protein levels and upregulated hormone binding activity in extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Scatchard analysis suggested that the increased GR hormone binding activity reflected an increased number of hormone binding sites, whereas receptor affinity for glucocorticoids was unchanged. The GR antagonist RU-38486 blocked the sepsis-induced increase in GR expression and hormone binding activity, implicating a positive regulatory effect of glucocorticoids on GR expression and binding activity under the present experimental conditions. The results suggest that glucocorticoid-dependent metabolic changes in skeletal muscle during sepsis may reflect not only high circulating glucocorticoid levels but increased amounts and hormone binding activity of the GR as well.
A Study of Induced Vorticity in Centrifugal Compressors

Recent investigations have moved a step closer to an understanding of real fluid phenomena in turbomachines by studying rotational flow once it has been established by viscous stresses and nonuniform exchange of energy. The present paper presents a more generalized mathematical treatment of rotational flow (Part I) and makes use of the equations developed to analyze experimentally observed phenomena in the impeller (Part II) and the diffuser (Part III) of a compressor. These studies show that induced vorticity in the impeller produces a nonuniform energy exchange which is the basis for additional rotational effects in the diffuser. Also the amount of vorticity generated varies with flow rate which increases the sensitivity of downstream components to changes in flow rate and thereby reduces compressor range. In the particular diffuser studied, the flow conditions, up to the point of separation, were all established primarily by the induced vorticity while shearing stresses next to the wall seemed to have a negligible influence. Downstream from the beginning of separation, however, an apparent shift in energy distribution is observed which could not be accounted for by the analysis. It is demonstrated that separation is detrimental to vaneless diffuser performance only if it is located at the diffuser discharge. Since the location of separation is a function of the vorticity induced, which varies with the flow rate, a widely spaced diffuser can have substantial variations in performance with a significant influence on the compressor characteristics.
Weak neutral currents and photoproduction of lepton pairs

Abstract We have explored the consequences of weak neutral currents in the photoproduction of lepton pairs at high energies. Specifically, we have calculated the effects of the parity nonconserving interference between the weak amplitude and the purely electromagnetic Bethe-Heitler amplitude. This interference contributes to an asymmetry between the lepton pairs and, in addition, the leptons acquire a longitudinal polarization. Numerical results are presented for the Weinberg-Salam model and are typically a few percent in magnitude.
Brood-care experience, nursing performance, and neural development in the ant Pheidole dentata

Social insect workers mature behaviorally and physiologically with increasing age, generally transitioning from or adding new tasks to their existing repertoire of within-nest nursing tasks. As adult minor workers of the ant Pheidole dentata age, they attend to brood more frequently and nurse more efficiently, perform a broader array of tasks, and undergo myological and neural development. Because these factors covary, the causal relationships among age, task experience, and neural and physiological maturation are not understood. We compared brood-care performance and efficiency by 10-day-old P. dentata minors that had acquired nursing experience to that of equal-age minors experimentally deprived of brood contact. We found the frequency and efficiency of nursing did not significantly differ between experimental and control worker groups, suggesting experience is not required for age-related improvement in nursing efficiency. Workers with and without prior nursing experience did not significantly differ macroscopically in brain anatomy or in brain serotonin content, although workers from the two treatments had slightly, but significantly, different levels of brain dopamine. These results suggest experience with brood is not required for P. dentata minor workers to develop nursing proficiency or undergo a substantial degree of the age-related neural development identifiable by our assessments, which could underscore the ontogeny of brood-care efficiency.
Alcohol and adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Promiscuous drug, wanton effects

Adult neurogenesis is now widely accepted as an important contributor to hippocampal integrity and function but also dysfunction when adult neurogenesis is affected in neuropsychiatric diseases such as alcohol use disorders. Excessive alcohol consumption, the defining characteristic of alcohol use disorders, results in a variety of cognitive and behavioral impairments related wholly or in part to hippocampal structure and function. Recent preclinical work has shown that adult neurogenesis may be one route by which alcohol produces hippocampal neuropathology. Alcohol is a pharmacologically promiscuous drug capable of interfering with adult neurogenesis through multiple mechanisms. This review will discuss the primary mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis including alcohol's effects on neurotransmitters, CREB and its downstream effectors, and the neurogenic niche.
Earliest irreversible changes during ischemia

The ability to synthesize new protein was used as a marker of irreversible neuronal injury in experiments with isolated rabbit retinas exposed to various types of ischemic insult. The retinal neurons were able to fully recover their protein synthetic capacity after 20 min of complete ischemic anoxia, but not after 30 min. There was better toleration to either isolated substrate deprivation or complete anoxia than to both together. Increasing extracellular Mg2+ prolonged toleration to complete ischemic-anoxia. Removing Ca2+ completely from the extracellular fluid exacerbated injury. Moreover, increasing extracellular volume improved toleration to the combined insult. This experiment suggests that injured neurons may elaborate cytotoxic compounds into the extracellular fluid. This suggestion was confirmed by further experiments demonstrating exacerbation of injury following minimum insults when the retina was incubated with other already extensively damaged tissue.
Perceptions of hospitality careers among ethnic minority students

Ethnic minority is a comparatively important group that comprises a large sector of the American hospitality industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the career expectations of ethnic minority students majoring in the hospitality industry and to examine if ethnic minority students perceived more career barriers than White students. Results showed that ethnic minority students perceived more discrimination, access barriers, and job search barriers than White students. Ethnic minority students who perceived workplace discrimination in the hospitality industry were more likely to perceive more job access barriers and job search barriers.
Seismic evidence for a lower-crustal detachment beneath san francisco bay, california.

Results from the San Francisco Bay area seismic imaging experiment (BASIX) reveal the presence of a prominent lower crustal reflector at a depth of ∼15 kilometers beneath San Francisco and San Pablo bays. Velocity analyses indicate that this reflector marks the base of Franciscan assemblage rocks and the top of a mafic lower crust. Because this compositional contrast would imply a strong rheological contrast, this interface may correspond to a lower crustal detachment surface. If so, it may represent a subhorizontal segment of the North America and Pacific plate boundary proposed by earlier thermo-mechanical and geological models.
Age-related changes in a spontaneously reassociating fraction of mouse DNA

Rapidly reassociating fractions have been isolated from mouse brain and liver nuclear DNA by hydroxyapatite fractionation of sonicated and denatured preparations incubated at a Cot of 1. When prepared by thermal denaturation, a subfraction of this DNA, representing approximately 0.6% of liver and brain DNA, has been shown to spontaneously reassociate at Cot 10(-5). This fraction increases 3-fold in DNA from old animals. When prepared by alkaline denaturation or treated with pronase, no age-related increase is observed, suggesting the presence of an alkali-labile stabilizing protein component in DNA from old cells. A portion of this fraction is observed by electron microscopy under denaturing conditions to consists of looped hairpin structures in DNA from old, but not from yound or mature animals. These structures are not seen after pronase treatment.
Mechanisms regulating cilia growth and cilia function in endothelial cells

The primary cilium is an important sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. Our current studies aim at examining intracellular molecules that regulate cilia length and/or cilia function in vitro and ex vivo. For the first time, we show that intracellular cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulate both cilia length and function in vascular endothelial cells. Although calcium-dependent protein kinase modulates cilia length, it does not play a significant role in cilia function. Cilia length regulation also involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1), and cofilin. Furthermore, cofilin regulates cilia length through actin rearrangement. Overall, our study suggests that the molecular interactions between cilia function and length can be independent of one another. Although PKA regulates both cilia length and function, changes in cilia length by MAPK, PP-1, or cofilin do not have a direct correlation to changes in cilia function. We propose that cilia length and function are regulated by distinct, yet complex intertwined signaling pathways.
Gene editing: not just for translation anymore

Engineered nucleases have advanced the field of gene therapy with the promise of targeted genome modification as a treatment for human diseases. Here we discuss why engineered nucleases are an exciting research tool for gene editing and consider their applications to a range of biological questions.
Investigation of Mobile Phase Salt Type Effects on Protein Retention and Selectivity in Cation-Exchange Systems Using Quantitative Structure Retention Relationship Models

In this paper, the effect of the salt counterion on protein retention in cation-exchange systems is investigated using experimental data and quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) models. Linear gradient experiments were carried out in the presence of three displacing counterions (sodium, ammonium, and calcium) on two cation-exchange stationary phase materials (Fast Flow Sepharose SP and Source 15S). QSRR models based on a support vector machine regression approach were developed using the experimental chromatographic data in concert with molecular descriptors computed from protein crystal structures. The resulting QSRR models were well correlated (r2 = 0.8452−0.9599), and the predictive power of these models was demonstrated with proteins not included in the derivation of the models. The key descriptors reflected in the models were then used to evaluate the phenomena responsible for protein retention in the presence of different salt counterions. In addition to the standard competitive bind...
A theory of ideal linear weights for heterogeneous combat forces

Detailed combat simulations can produce effectiveness tables which measure the effectiveness of each weapon class on one side of an engagement, battle, or campaign to each weapon class on the other. Effectiveness tables may also be constructed in other ways This paper assumes that effectiveness tables are given and shows how to construct from them a system of weapon weights each of which is a weighted average of the effects of a given weapon against each of the enemy's weapons. These weights utilize the Perron- Frobenius theory of eigenvectors of nonnegative matrices. Methods of calculation are discussed and some interpretations are given for both the irreducible and reducible cases.
Time and Space Optimal Data Parallel Volume Rendering Using Permutation Warping

In this paper we present a data parallel volume rendering algorithm with numerous advantages over prior published solutions. Volume rendering is a three-dimensional graphics rendering algorithm that computes views of sampled medical and simulation data, but has been much slower than other graphics algorithms because of the data set sizes and the computational complexity. Our algorithm uses permutation warping to achieve linear speedup (run time is O(S/P) for P processors when P=O(S/logS) for S=n*n*n samples), linear storage ( O(S) ) for large data sets, arbitrary view directions, and high quality filters. We derived a new processor permutation assignment of five passes (our prior known solution was eight passes), and a new parallel compositing technique that is essential for scaling linearly on machines that have more processors than view rays to process (P<n*n). We show a speedup of 15.7 for a 16k processor over a 1k processor MasPar MP-1 (16 is linear) and two frames/second with a 128*128*128 volume and trilinear view reconstruction. In addition we demonstrate volume sizes of 256*256*256, constant run time over angles 5 to 75 degrees, filter quality comparisons, and communication congestion of just 19% to 29%.
Primordial Germ Cells in Blood Smears from Chick Embryos

The feasibility of studying avian primordial germ cells in blood smears has been demonstrated. Blood smears prepared from chick embryos of stages 13 to 15 (48 to 55 hours) contained primordial germ cells, which were revealed by the periodic acidSchiff reaction. The presence of glycogen in the cytoplasm of the primordial germ cells facilitated their selective identification.
Effects of angiotensin on drinking.

Abstract A series of four experiments was carried out to assess the effects of angiotensin II on drinking elicited by various types of stimulation. Experiment 1 examined the effects of the interaction of 2 cc/kg of 5% NaCl plus 0.2 mg/kg angiotensin II on ad lib eating and drinking. Results indicate that NaCl plus angiotensin produced an additive enhancement in water consumption. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the effects of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mg/kg of angiotensin II on drinking and eating in 23 hr water deprived animals. Dose related increases in drinking alone were observed. In Experiment 3 the effects of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mg/kg of angiotensin II on schedule dependent lever pressing and schedule induced drinking and licking were determined. Results demonstrate that angiotensin II decreased lever pressing and increased schedule induced water consumption without a concomitant increase in licking. Experiment 4 examined the effects of the same doses of angiotensin II on prandial drinking in food deprived animals. Under these conditions angiotensin II increased water consumption. Results were discussed in terms of the differential effects of angiotensin II on drinking, eating, and schedule dependent lever pressing.
Why We Don't Get Sick: The Within-Host Population Dynamics of Bacterial Infections

To pathogenic microparasites (viruses, bacteria, protozoa, or fungi), we and other mammals (living organisms at large) are little more than soft, thin-walled flasks of culture media. Almost every time we eat, brush our teeth, scrape our skin, have sex, get bitten by insects, and inhale, we are confronted with populations of microbes that are capable of colonizing the mucosa lining our orifices and alimentary tract and proliferating in fluids and cells within us. Nevertheless, we rarely get sick, much less succumb to these infections. The massive numbers of bacteria and other micro- and not-so-micro organisms that abound and replicate in our alimentary tract and cover our skin and the mucosa lining our orifices normally maintain their communities in seemingly peaceful coexistence with the somatic cells that define us. Why don't these microbes invade and proliferate in the culture media within the soft, thin-walled flask that envelops us? Why don't they cause disease and lead to our rapid demise?
Singing in the Spirit: Spiritual Practices inside Public School Classrooms.

This article examines how one spiritual, Black, male, first grade teacher and one spiritual, Black first grader name music as a spiritual practice. The data arise from a 1-year multicultural feminist critical narrative inquiry. The findings demonstrate how the participants' age, ethnicity, class, and spirituality shape music as a spiritual practice. The study details how spiritual people negotiate public schools, conceptualize diverse notions of spirituality, and engage reflection. The article calls for the creation of more equitable policies and practices within schools that value and draw on music as an aspect of spirituality of the students and teachers within.
Producing Caring Qualified Teachers: An Exploration of the Influence of Pre-Service Teacher Concerns on Learner-Centeredness.

Abstract In a time where students in the United States academic performance continues to lag behind in the international rankings, a disconcerting phenomenon in concerns literature indicates that pre-service and in-service teachers report low levels of concerns regarding the effect implementation of educational innovations have on students. This study explored the relationship of pre-service teachers' learner-centeredness and their concerns related to how learner-centered education affects students. Results indicated that as learner-centeredness increased, so did concerns about student outcomes. Implications for teacher education programmes in the US and abroad will be discussed.
Non-Aqueous Titrations Using A New Solid—Membrane Cupric Ion Electrode

Abstract Use of the new, solid-membrane cupric electrode for non-aqueous titrations, a significant advancement over the earlier liquid-membrane electrode, is illustrated. The solid-membrane cupric electrode was used for the complexometric titration of cupric ion with several ligands in methanol, acetone and acetonitrile.
A behavioral-chromosome relationship in the elderly: a critical review of a biobehavioral hypothesis.

Abstract The evidence for the hypothesis that an increased frequency of hypodiploid cells is related to mental status in older persons, as well as the underlying assumptions crucial to the hypothesis, are reviewed. Results of chromosome examinations reported by several independent laboratories favor an increasing proportion of hypodiploid cells in older age groups as well as sex differences in the level and distribution of missing chromosomes. However, the presence, extent, and development course of chromosome loss assocated with major modifying variables and their interactions, e. g., age, morbidity, sex, environmental conditions, remain to be empirically documented. Furthermore, the meaning of chromosome loss, including its relationship to mental status, is not clear.
Crime and the Family

Although there has been a great deal of speculation about the relationship of crime and the family, the nature of that relationship is not well understood. After tracing the origins of the theory that crime can be genetically transmitted from parents to children, I go on to critique current biological theories of crime. Next I discuss work emerging from several disciplines that helps explain the environmental influence of families on crime. Arguing that familial influences cannot be understood apart from the structural context in which families exist, I focus on two structural factors, gender and social class. I conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of current research and with recommendations for steps we can take to reduce familial contributions to criminal behavior.
Meta-programming with well-typed code analysis

Structure-analyzing metaprograms remain largely type-unsafe. In programming languages that support meta-programming, the type system is not strong enough to guarantee that well-typed metaprograms produce only well-typed programs. Banning facilities for code analysis from the meta-programming toolbox in order to achieve type soundness, robs programmers of useful tools such as ability to specify powerful code transformations. We present code pattern types, types that reason about the structure of programs through pattern matching and supports type safe code analysis.
Misunderstanding Metaphor: What's the Problem?.

Abstract In order to investigate the potential difficulties posed by task demands and by surface features of metaphorical sentences, children aged 6, 7, and 9 years were presented with metaphorical grounds encoded in five alternative linguistic forms: predicative metaphors, topicless metaphors, similes, analogies, and riddles. The task demands posed by comprehension of predicative metaphors proved greater than those posed by topicless metaphors, suggesting that it is more difficult to specify the similarity between two given terms than it is to generate a missing term. When topicless metaphors were rewritten either in an explicit analogic form or in the form of a riddle, comprehension was increased; however, when predicative metaphors were rewritten as similies, the addition of the term “like” to make clear the similarity relationship between the two terms failed to elevate understanding.
The sculptures of Marly and the programme of Versailles: considerations of their relationship and meaning

Abstract Recently several important publications by Francois Souchal1 on the sculptors of Louis XIV have focused the attention of sculpture historians and the wider scholarly community on the garden sculpture of the age of French classicism.2 The appearance of the first two volumes of Souchal's three-volume dictionary of French sculptors active during the reign of Louis XIV, as well as his monograph on Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou, has made a large corpus of photographs and precise archival documentation on royal commissions in the gardens of Versailles and Marly readily available. His research has thus paved the way for new inquiries in a field where research was sporadic in the past.
An RPC Design for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will profoundly influence the ubiquitous computing landscape. Their utility derives not from the computational capabilities of any single sensor node, but from the emergent capabilities of many communicating sensor nodes. Consequently, the details of communication within and across single hop neighborhoods is a fundamental component of most WSN applications. But these details are often complex, and popular embedded languages for WSNs provide only low‐level communication primitives. We propose that the absence of suitable communication abstractions contributes to the difficulty of developing large‐scale WSN applications. To address this issue, we present the design and implementation of a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) abstraction for nesC and TinyOS, the emerging standard for developing WSN applications. We present the key language extensions, operating system services, and automation tools that enable the proposed abstraction. We illustrate these contributions in the context of a representative case study, and analyze the overhead introduced when using our approach. We use these results to draw conclusions regarding the suitably of our work to resource‐constrained sensor nodes.
Evaluation of carbonized medium-density fiberboard for electrical applications

Abstract The conversion of wood-based fiberboard materials into crack-free, monolithic, porous hard carbons is of significant interest due to their ability to perform in a multifunctional capacity. Three varieties of carbonized medium-density fiberboard (c-MDF) were studied for electrical, mechanical, and structural properties. X-ray diffraction data suggested that the volume fraction of large turbostratic crystallites increased with carbonization temperature ( T carb ). The volume fraction of large turbostratic crystallites had a positive correlation with elastic modulus and electrical conductivity. The c-MDF materials were approximately isotropic with respect to elastic modulus and exhibited increasing stiffness with increasing T carb (up to 4.5 GPa). Between 600 and 1400 °C, the electrical resistivity of c-MDF varied by seven orders of magnitude. The electrical resistivity of the hard carbon material in c-MDF 1400 °C was found to be within about an order of magnitude of polycrystalline graphite.
Refereed article: Designing provably correct information networks with digital diodes

In this paper, we extend previous results in the design and administration of information networks under partial orderings by introducing the ''digital diode'' which can be used as a basic component in the control of information flow. We summarize previous results and introduce the digital diode as a sufficient component to implement a general purpose flow control network. We prove that with this component, we can build any desired POset network and enforce its information flow properties. We show a design for a digital diode, demonstrate its correctness, show that any desired reliability of transmission can be attained, and that no covert channels are present. We then show variations of this scheme with well-defined and easily limited covert channels that allow end-to-end confirmation. We show means for audit, cryptographic security, and automated administrative assistance in digital diode networks, summarize results, draw conclusions, and propose further work.
Robert's rules of order for e-mail meetings

In the excitement of the World Wide Web of hyperlinked multimedia spanning the globe, it's easy to lose sight of ordinary e-mail, which, like the Web, is built on the enabling infrastructure of the Internet. Yet the average person undoubtedly conducts more business by e-mail than by any other Internet service. Considering the importance and ubiquity of e-mail, it's surprising that it is not more widely used for group decision making-that is, structured business meetings, or more formally, deliberative assemblies. In the hope of providing basic guidelines and motivating further work, we offer some considerations regarding rules of order for conducting e-mail meetings. >
Targeted 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1α-hydroxylase Adoptive Gene Therapy Ameliorates DSS-induced Colitis Without Causing Hypercalcemia in Mice

Systemic 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment ameliorating murine inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) could not be applied to patients because of hypercalcemia. We tested the hypothesis that increasing 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis locally by targeting delivery of the 1α-hydroxylase gene (CYP27B1) to the inflamed bowel would ameliorate IBD without causing hypercalcemia. Our targeting strategy is the use of CD11b+/Gr1+ monocytes as the cell vehicle and a macrophage-specific promoter (Mac1) to control CYP27B1 expression. The CD11b+/Gr1+ monocytes migrated initially to inflamed colon and some healthy tissues in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mice; however, only the migration of monocytes to the inflamed colon was sustained. Adoptive transfer of Gr1+ monocytes did not cause hepatic injury. Infusion of Mac1-CYP27B1-modified monocytes increased body weight gain, survival, and colon length, and expedited mucosal regeneration. Expression of pathogenic Th17 and Th1 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-17a and interferon (IFN)-α) was decreased, while expression of protective Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) was increased, by the treatment. This therapy also enhanced tight junction gene expression in the colon. No hypercalcemia occurred following this therapy. In conclusion, we have for the first time obtained proof-of-principle evidence for a novel monocyte-based adoptive CYP27B1 gene therapy using a mouse IBD model. This strategy could be developed into a novel therapy for IBD and other autoimmune diseases.
CD8(+) T cell responses: it's all downhill after their prime.

The resolution of an immune response was thought to coincide with the clearance of infection. However, the kinetics of CD8+ T cell decline may be programmed far before the antigen load lightens.
A biostatistical survey questionnaire

A knowledge of basic statistical concepts is becoming increasingly important for a proper understanding of much of the medical literature. Unfortunately, most medical schools include an introductory biostatistics course only in the preclinical years. During clinical rotation and residency training, when a physician would most appreciate the need for statistical concepts, it is rarely a part of the curriculum. Moreover, even what was learned during the earlier part of medical training tends to be forgotten by the time these concepts are needed most. To organize future educational seminars and to evaluate the need for education in biostatistics, we conducted a survey among a group of pediatricians attending a review course held in August 1987. A questionnaire containing a set of 16 problems on basic medical statistical concepts, similar to those asked by Wulff et al? in a 1983 survey of Danish physicians, was distributed. More than 50% of the 68 respondents answered 13 of the 16 questions incorrectly, and only three chose correct answers to 13 or more questions. The median number of correct answers was seven. The median number of correct answers from the 34 physicians who graduated from medical schools within the past 9 years was 8.5, compared with 5.0 for the 30 who graduated 10 or more years ago (a median test for independence yielded a value of P <0.042). Incorrect answers were most frequent to questions on regression tests, analysis of variance, and the difference between standard deviation and standard error. The results of this survey reaffirm a need for continuing
The activity-composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions: I. Vapor-liquid water equilibration of single salt solutions from 50 to 100°C

The differences between oxygen and hydrogen isotope activity and composition ratios of water in single salt solutions (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4) were determined by means of a vapor-liquid water equilibration method over the temperature range of 50 to 100°C. A parallel equilibration technique of pure water and salt solutions with the same isotopic composition at the same experimental conditions enabled the precise determination of the isotope salt effects. Hydrogen isotope activity ratios of all of the salt solutions studied were appreciably higher than composition ratios. That is, DH ratio of water vapor in isotope equilibrium with a solution increases as salt is added to the solution. Magnitudes of the hydrogen isotope effects are in the order CaCl2 ≥ MgCl2 > MgSO4 > KCl ≈ NaCl > Na2SO4 at the same molality. Except for KCl solutions at 50°C, oxygen isotope activity ratios in the solutions were lower than, or very close to, the composition ratios. The isotope effects observed are all linear with the molalities of the salt solutions, and either decrease with temperature or are almost constant over the temperature range. Salt solutions of divalent cations (Ca and Mg) exhibited oxygen isotope effects much larger than those of monovalent cations (Na and K). Magnitudes of the oxygen isotope effects in NaCl solutions, and of the hydrogen isotope effects in Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions, may increase from 50 to 100°C. Our results agree with most of those from the literature near room temperature, but are at notable variance with those by Truesdell (1974) around 100°C. The results in this study and the literature data near room temperature were satisfactorily fitted to simple equations as a function of concentration of the salt solutions and temperature.
An Exploration of Pre-Service Teachers' Experiences in Outdoor ‘Places’ and Intentions for Teaching in the Outdoors

This study explores pre-service teachers' past interactions with ‘place’ in outdoor settings and how these experiences contribute to their current perceptions of the importance of taking their own students into the outdoors. Specifically, the researchers were interested in investigating if current pre-service teachers are part of the ‘nature-deficit disorder' generation described by Louv in his book, Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder (2005), as a generation of children growing up without direct experiences in nature. Study participants included 148 undergraduate pre-service elementary teachers enrolled in science teaching methods instructional courses at an urban college in the Northeastern United States and two suburban universities in the Southeastern United States. Participants wrote essay responses after reading Louv's Last Child in the Woods in which they were asked to relate the reading to their own past experiences and their ideas about elementary science edu...
Nuclear reaction analysis for measuring moisture profiles in graphite/epoxy composites

Abstract The absorption of moisture by epoxy resins and graphite/epoxy composites causes degradation of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. In order to study the rate of moisture absorption and transport in fiber-reinforced epoxy, nuclear reaction analysis methods have been used to measure the localized moisture content in these materials. The experimental conditions have been determined for which the D(3He, p)4He reaction meets the particular requirements for measuring moisture profiles in composites. A description of the experimental procedures and the method of defining deuterium reference standards for measuring absolute concentrations of D2O is presented. The technique has been applied to fully and partially saturated epoxy resin and composite specimens that have been subjected to various conditions of exposure. The moisture distribution has been measured through the thickness of composite specimens with 12 μm resolution and with a level of detectability of 0.01 wt.% D2O. The measured profiles in composites are compared to calculations of classical diffusion models of water transport.
The Variable Presentations and Broadening Geographic Distribution of Hepatic Fascioliasis

We report 2 unrelated cases of hepatic fascioliasis in travelers returning to the United States from Africa and the Middle East. The first case presented with acute infection. Prominent clinical features included abdominal pain, elevated liver transaminases, serpiginous hepatic lesions, pericapsular hematoma, and marked peripheral eosinophilia. The second case was diagnosed in the chronic stage of infection and presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, cystic hepatic lesions, and an adult fluke in the common bile duct. We review the life cycle of Fasciola species, the corresponding clinical features during the stages of human infection, diagnostic methods, and the evolving understanding of the epidemiology of human fascioliasis, particularly emphasizing fascioliasis in African countries.
Using the minimum data set 2.0 mood disturbance items as a self-report screening instrument for depression in nursing home residents.

Objective Seeking to enhance nursing home residents' involvement in their care, the authors examined whether the Minimum Data Set, Version 2.0 (MDS) Mood Disturbance items could be administered by self-report. They compared the MDS to the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in terms of its association with depression diagnosis. Methods Subjects (N=204) were nursing home residents who were interviewed with a psychiatric diagnostic instrument, the GDS, and a self-report version of the MDS mood disturbance items. Results Analyses of variance and receiver operating characteristics analyses demonstrated that MDS items distinguished subjects with any versus no depression about as well as did the GDS. This pattern held within cognitive, gender, and ethnicity subgroups. Conclusion The MDS Mood Disturbance items can be reliably and validly administered via self-report to persons scoring at least 12 on the Mini-Mental State Exam.
Experimental validation of a random matrix theory model for dominant mode rejection beamformer notch depth

Adaptive beamformers attempt to eliminate loud interferers in order to facilitate the detection of quiet sources. The Dominant Mode Rejection (DMR) beamformer does this by placing notches in its beampattern corresponding to signals contained in the interference subspace. This subspace is defined by the eigenvectors associated with the largest eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix. A companion paper derives an analytical model for the notch depth of the DMR beamformer using results from random matrix theory (RMT) on the statistics of the sample eigenvectors. This paper explores the validity of the DMR notch depth model using data from the 2010 Philippine Sea experiment. The measured average notch depths agree with the predictions of the RMT model.
Ivermectin resistant Haemonchus contortus in Louisiana lambs.

Fifteen weaned crossbred (Suffolk×Louisiana Native) lambs were treated with albendazole (10 mg kg−1) to remove existing nematode infections. They were inoculated with Haemonchus contortus infective larvae from a residual population surviving treatment with the oral formulation of ivermectin (0.2 mg kg−1). One group of five lambs remained untreated, another group of five was treated with the injectable formulation of ivermectin (0.2 mg kg−1) and a third group of five was treated with the oral formulation of ivermectin (0.2 mg kg−1). Subsequent to the treatments, there was essentially no difference in mean fecal egg count or mean number of H. contortus recovered at necrospy between the three groups.
Interaction Between Secondaries in a Thermal-Hydraulic Network

The design of one secondary loop of a complex network often neglects the effect that its operation has on the others. The present is a study of hydrodynamic and thermal interaction between secondaries in a thermal-hydraulic network as the system goes from one steady state to another. Experimental results are related to those derived from a mathematical model. The network consists of a primary and three secondary loops. There is a water-to-water heat exchanger on each secondary, with the cooling coming from the primary and the heating from a separate loop. A step change is introduced by manually actuating a valve in one of the secondaries, resulting in changes in the other loops also. The response time of the temperature is found to be an order of magnitude higher than that of the flow rate, which is again an order of magnitude higher than the pressure difference. The steady-state results show that there is significant interaction, and that it is dependent on the initial operating condition. The hydrodynamic and thermal responses are found to be very different. DOI: 10.1115/1.2363411
The effects of race and information variance on disagreement between psychiatric emergency service and research diagnoses in first-episode psychosis.

Background Previously, we reported that patient race was associated with disagreement between research and clinical diagnoses. To extend this work, we studied whether disagreement was specifically due to associations of patient race with information or criterion variance. Method Ninety-nine patients consecutively admitted through the University of Cincinnati Psychiatric Emergency Service (PES) for a first hospitalization for psychosis were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Diagnoses made in the PES were compared with those obtained from the structured interview. We examined the contributions of information variance and criterion variance to the association between race and diagnostic agreement of PES and research diagnoses. Results Agreement in PES and research diagnoses was present in only 42% of patients. Diagnostic agreement was less common in non-white patients than white patients, even after controlling for other sociodemographic and clinical variables. Information variance was the cause of diagnostic disagreement in 58% of cases and was associated with patient race. Criterion variance, occurring in 42% of cases, was not associated with race. Conclusion Patient race may contribute to the diagnostic process in the psychiatric emergency service by influencing the information obtained from patients during clinical evaluations.
Chromothripsis: Chromosomes in Crisis

During oncogenesis, cells acquire multiple genetic alterations that confer essential tumor-specific traits, including immortalization, escape from antimitogenic signaling, neovascularization, invasiveness, and metastatic potential. In most instances, these alterations are thought to arise incrementally over years, if not decades. However, recent progress in sequencing cancer genomes has begun to challenge this paradigm, because a radically different phenomenon, termed chromothripsis, has been suggested to cause complex intra- and interchromosomal rearrangements on short timescales. In this Review, we review established pathways crucial for genome integrity and discuss how their dysfunction could precipitate widespread chromosome breakage and rearrangement in the course of malignancy.
All complaints are not created equal: text analysis of open source software defect reports

As the use of Open Source Software (OSS) systems increases in the corporate environment, it is important to examine the maintenance process of these projects. OSS projects allow end users to directly submit reports in case of any operational issues. Timely resolution of these defect reports requires effective management of maintenance resources. This study analyzes the usefulness of the textual content of the defect reports as an early indicator of their resolution time. Text Mining techniques are used to categorize defect reports of five OSS projects. Significant variation in the defect resolution time amongst the resulting categories, for each of the sample projects, indicates that a text based classification of defect reports can be useful in early assessment of resolution time before source code level analysis. Such technique can assist in allocation of sufficient maintenance resources to targeted defects and also enable project teams to manage customer expectations regarding defect resolution times.
Rapid viral diagnosis

This chapter presents an overview of rapid viral diagnosis, focusing on the advantages and limitations of common methods used, the factors involved in test selection, the validation and monitoring of test performance, and the critical importance of sample collection. The methods used for rapid viral diagnosis can be generally grouped according to the following strategies: (i) direct detection of viral proteins, nucleic acid, or particles in clinical specimens; (ii) biologic amplification of infectious virus in cell culture followed by detection of viral antigens in cultured cells; and (iii) detection of an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody response to viral infection. Advantages and limitations of these methods are listed in this chapter. With the exception of electron microscopy (EM), rapid tests detect only the specific agent(s) sought. In general, the most rapid approach is to detect virus directly in clinical samples, rather than wait either for virus to grow in culture or for an antibody response to occur. Lastly, it has been shown that when physicians call the laboratory for advice prior to sample collection, the isolation rate doubles. The choices for rapid viral diagnosis continue to increase. The number and types of techniques chosen will vary with the individual viruses, laboratory expertise, and clinical needs and will continue to change as both test methods and antiviral therapy evolve and improve.
d -wave superconductivity in the large-degeneracy limit of the Anderson lattice.

We show, within a Kondo-boson 1/N expansion, that the infinite-U lattice Anderson model is unstable to d-wave superconductivity in the limit in which the model describes heavy-fermion behavior. The pairing mechanism is Kondo-boson exchange between heavy quasiparticles found in mean-field theory. The model is extended to include the Coulomb pseudopotential.
Relative impact of print and database products on database producer expenses and income—Trends for database producer organizations based on a thirteen year financial analysis

Abstract A 13-year analysis of the finances of a major database producer organization, which is also a publisher of abstracting and indexing (AI at the same time, there have been decreases in the number of database leases and licences, the number of print product subscriptions, and the excess of income over expenses. In constant dollars, the cost of producing an abstract has decreased, the subscription charge for printed products has increased only slightly, the lease and license fees have decreased, royalty charges have increased, and hourly connect fees have remained steady (even though the size of the online file has increased greatly). The problem is that of maintaining a balanced financial status in light of increased income from one class of products, decreased income from another class of products, and increased cost of operation. Income, expenses, excess of income over expenses, and prices have been plotted in both real and constant dollars. The product a user gets for his money, including database quality and growth, are discussed in relation to cost. Possible approaches to ensure economic viability are considered in terms of expenses, efficiency of operation, marketing, products, services, and pricing. The most promising approaches lie in the areas of pricing and development of new products and services. The possibility of developing a consortium of database producers for offering online services is proposed. There appears to be no alternative to increasing the prices for online users. Data provided relates to one database producing organization, but the trends are considered to be representative of numerous A&I databases.
Reduction of low-frequency noise in n-p-n AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's

Summary form only given. Low-frequency measurements were made (100 Hz to 10 MHz) of n-p-n AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs with and without AlGaAs ledges as a function of bias current, geometry, aluminum mole fraction in the emitter, and temperature. These measurements show the existence of three distinct regions in the noise spectra: a 1/f shape associated with the base surface, a Lorentzian shape associated with the forward-biased emitter-base junction, and a flat region associated with shot noise. The measurements also indicate that the anomalous noise bump is generated by a trap in the AlGaAs near the surface of the emitter-base junction. >