cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FALSELY INCREASED β-HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN WITH A TESTICULAR EPIDERMOID CYST

A 20-year-old man had a 1-week history of a painless right testicular mass noticed on self-examination. He had no history of cryptorchidism or diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero and no family history of genitourinary malignancy. Physical examination was significant only for a 1 cm. nontender nodule in the superior pole of the right testicle. Ultrasound revealed a hypoechogenic mass with an echogenic rim and internal foci of hyperechogenicity, consistent with an epidermoid cyst (see figure). Color Doppler showed rim enhancement with minimal enhancement in the mass. Serum -HCG via immunoassay was 40 mIU/ml. (normal less than 2). Repeat assay was the same and -fetoprotein and lactic dehydrogenase were normal. The increased -HCG and a testicular mass suggested germ cell testicular tumor. Right radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed. The mass was 1.2 1.0 0.9 cm. and cystic, with yellow hard necrotic contents. Microscopic sections revealed stratified squamous epithelium with keratinization and no nuclear atypia or teratomatous components. Diagnosis was epidermoid cyst. Postoperative serum -HCG was unchanged from preoperative testing, and serum luteinizing hormone, folliclestimulating hormone and prolactin were normal. Chest and abdominal computerized tomography was negative for lymphadenopathy. Repeat serum -HCG 2 weeks postoperatively remained increased at 36 mIU/ml. In consultation with the pathologist, the -HCG immunoassay was repeated with addition of bovine serum to the specimen (to bind confounding heterophile antibodies), and revealed normal -HCG, indicating that the falsely increased -HCG level was due to the abnormal antibodies.
The Best Interests of the Child: Decision-Making Factors

This study examines the factors considered by professionals working within the family court arena when they apply the standard of best interests of children to make a determination about where a ch...
The maintenance of adenine nucleotide levels during kidney storage in intracellular solutions.

SummaryThe total adenine nucleotide content of mouse kidneys was higher when the organs were preserved by hypothermic storage in the intracellular solutions of Collins' and Sacks' than when the kidneys were stored in saline or Ringer's lactate. This increase was due to an increased level of AMP in the cell. It is thus suggested that intracellular solutions maintain adenine nucleotide concentrations by preventing catabolism of AMP, thus keeping more AMP available for rephosphorylation after restoration of the blood supply. Adding inosine or allopurinol to saline did not increase the level of adenine nucleotides in stored kidneys.Note added in proof. While this manuscript was in preparation Skjoldal and Bakke published an article (26) suggesting that energy charge was of little significance in predicting survival of Cirolana borealis during anoxia, which supports our results in this paper that total adenine nucleotide levels are more important in cell survival of ischemia than ATP levels or energy charge.
Low Flow-Noise Microphone for Active Noise Control Applications

A method that couples output from a hot-wire anemometer with that of a microphone to reduce flow-induced pseudonoise from the microphone signal was developed. In these experiments, a microphone and a hot-wire sensor were placed in a well-defined low-speed turbulent flow in a rectangular duct. Controlled acoustic noise, both random and time harmonic, was superimposed on the flow noise by placing a speaker source close to the entrance of the duct. Detailed studies of the coherence between the hot-wire and microphone signals in the presence of flow and acoustic noise indicated that the proper combination of the two signals could reduce the turbulence noise contamination in the microphone signal. Subsequent tests demonstrated that using an adaptive least-mean-square algorithm to filter the hot-wire signal before subtracting it from the microphone signal produced broadband flow noise attenuation on the order of 20 dB at frequencies below 100 Hz and spectra that approached those of the uncontaminated microphone signal. Moreover, the resulting hot-mic signal retains the acoustic pressure of interest, making it an ideal sensor for use in active noise control applications where the sensing or error microphone must be placed in a flowfield.
Behaviour of Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions in the gahnite crystallized from zinc opaque glazes

Abstract The amount of gahnite spinel crystallized in a glaze containing a large amount of ZnO and Al 2 O 3 as well as the behaviour of Cr 3+ ions in the glaze were studied. Crystallization of gahnite containing a small amount of Cr 2 O 3 gave a pink opaque glaze. Almost all the Cr 3+ ions migrated into the gahnite phase. The measurement of the lattice constant by X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as chemical analysis of the crystallized gahnite separated from the glaze, were used to determine the amount of Cr 3+ ions in the gahnite phase. A similar phenomenon occurred when Fe 2 O 3 was added to the base glaze composition.
Accelerated communication muscarinic and nicotinic activities of the novel acetylcholine analog acetylselenonium choline

Abstract The present paper further characterizes the cholinergic properties of acetylselenonium choline (ASeCh, (CH3)2Se+CH2CH2OCOCH3). The data demonstrate that ASeCh possesses muscarinic receptor agonist properties as evidenced by vasodepressor and smooth muscle contractile activities which are enhanced by physostigmine and antagonized by atropine. ASeCh also possessed nicotinic agonist activity on frog rectus abdominis tissue which was potentiated by physostigmine, and blocked by d-tubocurarine. The relative potencies of ASeCh ranged from ∼1 % to ∼6 % of the potency of acetylcholine in the three types of preparations examined.
Patient-Activated Atrial Pacing in the Treatment of Recurrent Supraventricular Tachycardia

A specially designed pacemaker was implanted in a patient with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia complicated by pulmonary edema. The unit is designed to pace the right atrium temporarily when activated by the patient, using a hand-held magnet. All subsequent episodes of supraventricular tachycardia have been terminated within a few seconds.
Carbohydrate structural isomers analyzed by sequential mass spectrometry.

Consistent with the goals of a comprehensive carbohydrate sequencing strategy, we extend earlier reports to include the characterization of structural (constitutional) isomers. Protocols were developed around ion trap instrumentation providing sequential mass spectrometry (MSn) and supported with automation and related computational tools. These strategies have been built on the principle that for a single structure all product spectra upon sequential fragmentation are reproducible and each stage represents a rational spectrum of its precursor; i.e., all major fragments should be accounted for. Anomalous ions at any stage are clues indicating the presence of structural isomers. Gas-phase isolation and subsequent fragmentation of such ions provide an opportunity to specifically resolve selected structures for their detailed characterization. Importantly, some isomers were not detected following MS2 and required multiple (MSn>2) stages for their characterization. Derivatization remains critical to position ...
Frequency splitting of degenerate spherical cavity modes: stimulated Raman scattering spectrum of deformed droplets.

High-resolution interferometric spectra of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectra from flowing ethanol droplets are presented. The linewidths of the SRS peaks are less than 0.005 cm−1, and the equal frequency spacings of the SRS peaks are an order of magnitude smaller than the spacings for morphology-dependent resonances of a perfect sphere. The observed results from droplets that are deformed by inertial effects are consistent with T-matrix and perturbation predictions of frequency splitting into the various azimuthal modes of a (2n + 1)-degenerate morphology-dependent resonance with angular momentum n in a perfect sphere.
The encoding of cocaine vs. natural rewards in the striatum of nonhuman primates: categories with different activations

The behavioral and motivational changes that result from use of abused substances depend upon activation of neuronal populations in the reward centers of the brain, located primarily in the corpus striatum in primates. To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms through which abused drugs reinforce behavior in the primate brain, changes in firing of neurons in the ventral (VStr, nucleus accumbens) and dorsal (DStr, caudate-putamen) striatum to "natural" (juice) vs. drug (i.v. cocaine) rewards were examined in four rhesus monkeys performing a visual Go-Nogo decision task. Task-related striatal neurons increased firing to one or more of the specific events that occurred within a trial represented by (1) Target stimuli (Go trials) or (2) Nogotarget stimuli (Nogo trials), and (3) Reward delivery for correct performance. These three cell populations were further subdivided into categories that reflected firing exclusively on one or the other type of signaled reward (juice or cocaine) trial (20%-30% of all cells), or, a second subpopulation that fired on both (cocaine and juice) types of rewarded trial (50%). Results show that neurons in the primate striatum encoded cocaine-rewarded trials similar to juice-rewarded trials, except for (1) increased firing on cocaine-rewarded trials, (2) prolonged activation during delivery of i.v. cocaine infusion, and (3) differential firing in ventral (VStr cells) vs. dorsal (DStr cells) striatum cocaine-rewarded trials. Reciprocal activations of antithetic subpopulations of cells during different temporal intervals within the same trial suggest a functional interaction between processes that encode drug and natural rewards in the primate brain.
Red Flag or Red Herring? Reverse Payments and the Settlement of Pharmaceutical Patent Litigation

(2008). Red Flag or Red Herring? Reverse Payments and the Settlement of Pharmaceutical Patent Litigation. European Competition Journal: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 541-560.
Specific impedance of cerebral cortex during spreading depression, and an analysis of neuronal, neuroglial, and interstitial contributions

Abstract The specific impedance of cerebral cortex of rabbits anesthetized with urethane was measured during spreading cortical depression (SD) at frequencies from 5 to 50,000 cycle/sec. During SD the amplitude of impedance increased at all frequencies, the maximum occurring progressively later at lower frequencies for those less than 5,000 cycle/sec. The phase angle increased at 5,000 and 50,000 cycle/sec with the same time course as the changes in amplitude of impedance. At 50 cycle/sec the phase angle initially decreased, sometimes to zero, and then increased to greater than the pre-SD state, with the maximum occurring later than the maximum in amplitude of impedance at this frequency. At 500 cycle/sec the phase angle initially decreased or did not change. It then increased, the maximum occurring later than the maximum of the amplitude of impedance at 500 cycle/sec, but earlier than the maximum phase angle at 50 cycle/sec. These data are interpreted in terms of a previously published analysis of specific impedance of cerebral cortex. Three processes must occur during SD. Early in SD the size of the interstitial space of cortex must decrease and the membrane resistance of neurons must decrease. Later the membrane resistance of neuroglia must increase. The significance of these processes is discussed with relevance to SD and cortical processes in general. It is suggested that the membrane change of neuroglia is similar to that of “anomalous rectification” of skeletal muscle.
Prediction of corrosion behaviour of Alloy 22 using neural network as a data mining tool

Abstract Objective of this work was to develop an algorithm to predict behaviour of corrosion resistant metal alloys using a supervised neural network method as a data mining tool. We studied corrosion data on a nickel-based alloy, Alloy 22 which is of great industrial interest. This is an extension of a previously reported study on metallic glasses, carbon steel, and grade-2 titanium. The data mining results allow us to categorize and prioritize certain parameters (i.e. pH, temperature, time of exposure, electrolyte composition, metal composition, etc.) and help us understand the synergetic effects of the parameters and variables on corrosion behaviour.
A method for intersecting algebraic surfaces with rational polynomial patches in presented

Abstract The paper presents a hybrid algorithm for the computation of the intersection of an algebraic surface and a rational polynomial parametric surface patch. This algorithm is based on analytic representation of the intersection as an algebraic curve expressed in the Bernstein basis; automatic computation of the significant points of the curve using numerical techniques, subdivision and convexity properties of the Bernstein basis; partitioning of the intersection domain at these points; and tracing of the resulting monotonic intersection segments using coarse subdivision and faceting methods coupled with Newton techniques. The algorithm described in the paper treats intersections of arbitrary order algebraic surfaces with rational biquadratic and bicubic patches and introduces efficiency enhancements in the partitioning and tracing parts of the solution process. The algorithm has been tested with up to degree four algebraics and bicubic patches.
Variation in the Chemical Composition of the Leaf Oil juniperus foetidissima Willd.

ABSTRACT The major components of the volatile leaf oil of J. foetidissima of Greek origin are sabinene (19.6%), α-thujone (18.6%), terpinen-4-ol (17.6%) and γ-terpinene (6.5%). Minor compounds are α-terpinene (4.3%),/3-thujone (3.5%), cedrol (3.2%), myrcene (2.7%), and α-pinene (2.6%). Polychemism for high and low α-thujone was found (39.9 to 0.2%). Fifty two of 56 constituents are identified.
Sex Objects and Sexual Objectification: Erotic Versus Pornographic Depiction

If desire is conceived as investment in a sex object, why is sexual objectification regarded as intrinsically degrading? The distinction between the "objectification " of pornographic depiction and the "beauty " of erotic depiction can be understood as a difference in degree between the uni-dimensional enframing of one treatment and the multidimensional enframing of the other. The phenomenon of context includes the anticipations of the participating witnesses: the object of pornographic or erotic depiction cannot be isolated from the posture, situation, and desire of the persons participating in the revelation. Erotic depiction which strives to represent the full range of structures, connections, and relationships constitutive of sexlove-that is, forms of mimesis that elaborate the horizons of erotic encounter, that seek to contextualize the intertwining of flesh rather than focus on the slappings of meat-might well meet the most discerning standards of artistic production.
Kilovoltage beam Monte Carlo dose calculations in submillimeter voxels for small animal radiotherapy

Purpose: Small animal conformal radiotherapy (RT) is essential for preclinical cancer research studies and therefore various microRT systems have been recently designed. The aim of this paper is to efficiently calculate the dose delivered using our microRT system based on a microCT scanner with the Monte Carlo (MC) method and to compare the MC calculations to film measurements. Methods: Doses from 2-30 mm diameter 120 kVp photon beams deposited in a solid water phantom with 0.2x0.2x0.2 mm{sup 3} voxels are calculated using the latest versions of the EGSnrc codes BEAMNRC and DOSXYZNRC. Two dose calculation approaches are studied: a two-step approach using phase-space files and direct dose calculation with BEAMNRC simulation sources. Due to the small beam size and submillimeter voxel size resulting in long calculation times, variance reduction techniques are studied. The optimum bremsstrahlung splitting number (NBRSPL in BEAMNRC) and the optimum DOSXYZNRC photon splitting (N{sub split}) number are examined for both calculation approaches and various beam sizes. The dose calculation efficiencies and the required number of histories to achieve 1% statistical uncertainty--with no particle recycling--are evaluated for 2-30 mm beams. As a final step, film dose measurements are compared to MC calculated dose distributions. Results: The optimum NBRSPLmore » is approximately 1x10{sup 6} for both dose calculation approaches. For the dose calculations with phase-space files, N{sub split} varies only slightly for 2-30 mm beams and is established to be 300. N{sub split} for the DOSXYZNRC calculation with the BEAMNRC source ranges from 300 for the 30 mm beam to 4000 for the 2 mm beam. The calculation time significantly increases for small beam sizes when the BEAMNRC simulation source is used compared to the simulations with phase-space files. For the 2 and 30 mm beams, the dose calculations with phase-space files are more efficient than the dose calculations with BEAMNRC sources by factors of 54 and 1.6, respectively. The dose calculation efficiencies converge for beams with diameters larger than 30 mm. Conclusions: A very good agreement of MC calculated dose distributions to film measurements is found. The mean difference of percentage depth dose curves between calculated and measured data for 2, 5, 10, and 20 mm beams is 1.8%.« less
Spatial Changes in the Transmembrane Potential During Extracellular Electric Stimulation

The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial changes in the transmembrane potential caused by extracellular electric field stimulation. The transmembrane potential was recorded in 10 guinea pig papillary muscles in a tissue bath using a double-barrel microelectrode. After 20 S1 stimuli, a 10-ms square wave S2 shock field with a 30-ms S1-S2 coupling interval was given via patch shock electrodes 1 cm on either side of the tissue during the action potential plateau. Two shock strengths (2.1+/-0.2 and 6.5+/-0.6 V/cm) were tested with both shock polarities. The recording site was moved across the tissue along fibers with either 200 micrometer (macroscopic group [n=5], 12 consecutive recording sites over a 2. 2-mm tissue length in each muscle) or 20 micrometer (microscopic group [n=5], 21 consecutive recording sites over a 0.4-mm tissue length in each muscle) between adjacent recording sites. In the macroscopic group, the portion of the tissue toward the anode was hyperpolarized, whereas the portion toward the cathode was depolarized, with 1 zero-potential crossing from hyperpolarization to depolarization present near the center of the tissue. In the microscopic group, only 1 zero-potential crossing was observed in the center region of the tissue, whereas, away from the center, only hyperpolarization was observed toward the anode and depolarization toward the cathode. Although these results are consistent with predictions from field stimulation of continuous representations of myocardial structure, ie, the bidomain and cable equation models, they are not consistent with the prediction of depolarization-hyperpolarization oscillation from representations based on cellular-level resistive discontinuities associated with gap junctions, ie, the sawtooth model.
Effects of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric and geometric calibrations and corrections on landscape characterization

The Thematic Mapper (TM) instruments onboard Landsats 4 and 5 provide high-quality imagery appropriate for many different applications, including land cover mapping, landscape ecology, and change detection. Precise calibration was considered to be critical to the success of the Landsat 7 mission and, thus, issues of calibration were given high priority during the development of the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Data sets from the Landsat 5 TM are not routinely corrected for a number of radiometric and geometric artifacts, including memory effect, gain/bias, and interfocal plane misalignment. In the current investigation, the effects of correcting vs. not correcting these factors were investigated for several applications. Gain/bias calibrations were found to have a greater impact on most applications than did memory effect calibrations. Correcting interfocal plane offsets was found to have a moderate effect on applications. On June 2, 1999, Landsats 5 and 7 data were acquired nearly simultaneously over a study site in the Niobrara, NE area. Field radiometer data acquired at that site were used to facilitate crosscalibrations of Landsats 5 and 7 data. Current findings and results from previous investigations indicate that the internal calibrator of Landsat 5 TM tracked instrument gain well until 1988. After this, the internal calibrator diverged from the data derived from vicarious calibrations. Results from this study also indicate very good agreement between prelaunch measurements and vicarious calibration data for all Landsat 7 reflective bands except Band 4. Values are within about 3.5% of each other, except for Band 4, which differs by 10%. Coefficient of variation (CV) values derived from selected targets in the imagery were also analyzed. The Niobrara Landsat 7 imagery was found to have lower CV values than Landsat 5 data, implying that lower levels of noise characterize Landsat 7 data than current Landsat 5 data. It was also found that following radiometric normalization, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery and classification products of Landsats 5 and 7 were very similar. This implies that data from the two sensors can be used to measure and monitor the same landscape phenomena and that Landsats 5 and 7 data can be used interchangeably with proper caution. In addition, it was found that difference imagery produced using Landsat 7 ETM+ data are of excellent quality.
Teaching Socialization Through Science Fiction

S ocialization and the effects of socialization on various cultures have b en o f red generally through history, sociology, the other social sciences, and/or literature courses in the 7-12 curriculum. These courses usually have provided both content information and insights into the cultural heritage of similar and differing societies. As demonstrated by the tremendous success of Roots, by Alex Haley, students are very interested in who their ancestors were and what kinds of people they were. Historical and sociological backgrounds of various cultures become interesting to persons of all age groups, even the 7-12 grade group. In addition to utilizing historical events as a technique for stimulating student interest and curiosity, another method could be that of teaching socialization through future events, as found in science fiction works. If students are stimulated by interesting past events, they could also study scenarios of future social patterns and values to initiate student interest in socialization. For
A model for the structure and functions of iron-responsive elements

Most eukaryotic cells express two proteins, whose biosynthetic rates are determined by the intracellular iron status. The genes for both these proteins, ferritin and the transferrin receptor (TfR), are regulated at the post-transcriptional level, but by entirely different mechanisms. Ferritin mRNA levels are not affected by acute changes in iron availability. Ferritin biosynthesis is regulated translationally via a defined element contained within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the ferritin mRNA. This element has been highly conserved during evolution and has been termed an iron-responsive element (IRE). In contrast to ferritin, the regulation of TfR biosynthesis is mirrored by equivalent changes in TfR mRNA levels. The genetic information for this regulation is mostly located in the region of the gene encoding the 3' UTR of the TfR mRNA. Five elements that closely resemble the ferritin IRE are contained within the region which is critical for TfR regulation. The IRE is suggested to function by forming a specific stem-loop structure that interacts with a transacting factor in an iron-dependent fashion. We present a model that accommodates the mediation of distinct post-transcriptional regulatory phenomena via IREs.
Molecular representation of complex hydrocarbon feedstocks through efficient characterization and stochastic algorithms

Abstract A stochastic method was devised to transform efficient sets of analytical characterizations into molecular representations of complex petroleum feedstocks. Important structural attributes of petroleum molecules (e.g. number of aromatic rings, number of naphthenic rings, number and length of aliphatic side chains) were assembled into molecules according to quantitative probability density functions for each attribute. The outcome was the atomic detail of a large ensemble of representative molecular structures from which both molecular and global product properties were deduced. Critical steps in the stochastic method were the generation of a chemical logic diagram, the compilation of cumulative probability functions for the structural attributes, stochastic sampling of each distribution, and the molecular construction. A general Monte Carlo algorithm provided an unbiased sampling of the probability density functions. The method was applied to three different complex petroleum feedstock fractions: an offshore California asphaltene, a Kern River heavy oil, and sour import heavy gas oil. The asphaltene example predicted the defining solubility protocol to within 1%. The heavy oil and gas oil simulations reproduced boiling point fractionation curves to within standard deviations of 20.8 and 25°C.
Logo as a prelude to LISP: some surprising results

Recently San Jose State University introduced a LOGO-based, rather than a Pascal-based, first course in computer science. This paper reports on an attempt to trace statistically the effect of that curricular change on student performance in a subsequent Lisp course. Student final grades, however, showed no improvement in performance as a result of their prior exposure to functional programming with LOGO.
Double-muscle gracilis and sartorius myocutaneous flap

E. J.. a 61-year-old female suffering from transverse myelitis had been paraplegic for 14 years. When first seen. she prebented bilateral large ischial decubitus ulcers. larger on the left side than the right. After three years of conservative treatment including high protein diet. local wound care and avoidance of pressure the right ischial ulcer healed completely. The left ulcer remained approximately 7 to 1Ocm wide with a large
Myoblasts Fuse When Loner Meets ARF6

Studies of myoblast fusion in Drosophila have revealed numerous signaling and structural proteins that regulate this critical event in muscle development. A paper by Chen et al. published in the September 19 issue of Cell adds ARF6, a GTPase, and one of its guanine nucleotide exchange factors to this set of players.
Catalepsy produced by striatal microinjections of the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 in neonatal rats.

Systemic injection of the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 produces catalepsy that is of lesser magnitude in neonatal than in adult rats. The present experiments were conducted in order to determine if SCH 23390 would produce catalepsy in neonatal rats following intrastriatal injection and if the ontogenetic pattern of catalepsy induced by intrastriatal SCH 23390 would be similar to the pattern observed with systemic injections. Rat pups (11 or 28 days of age) were microinjected unilaterally with SCH 23390 (0.2, 1, 5 or 10 μg) and tested for catalepsy using the forepow-on-horizontal-bar test. The results demonstrated that robust catalepsy occurred at both ages following intrastriatal injection and that catalepsy induced by 5 μg SCH 23390 was of lesser magnitude in 11-day-olds than in 28-day-olds. A separate study assessed the distribution of [3H]SCH 23390 (5 μg) following intrastriatal injection in 28-day-olds. Results of the distribution study indicated that [3H]SCH 23390 was localized primarily within the striatum. Taken together, these results suggest that the striatal mechanisms for catalepsy produced by D1 receptor blockade are present, but not fully mature, in preweanling rat pups.
Characterization of bacterial growth by means of flow microfluorometry

By means of flow microfluorometry, the protein and nucleic acid contents of individual bacterial cells may be measured at the rate of several thousand cells per second. Accumulation of such information over a few minutes yields the composition distribution of the microbial population. These distributions have been determined at different times during batch growth of Bactillus subtilis, and the results indicate that the variance of cell composition decreases as the population passes through the exponential into the stationary phase. The relative abundance of endospores and vegetative cells as well as the protein distributions of these subpopulations may be readily determined from flow microfluorometry data. Experimental access to such details of microbial population dynamics should foster improved understanding of cell growth, spore germination, and spore formation kinetics.
A Lesbian History of Britain: love and sex between women since 1500

REBECCA JENNINGS Oxford and Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2007 Pp. xix + 227. £18.95. ISBN‐13 978 1 84645 007 5 Rebecca Jennings’s A Lesbian History of Britain: love and sex between women since 1500 pre...
Mössbauer spectroscopy and methanation kinetics studies of nickel-iron alloy particles supported on titania and alumina

Abstract Nickel-iron alloy particles (Ni:Fe = 10:1) were supported on titania and alumina and studied under methanation reaction conditions: temperatures from 500 to 565 K, H 2 :CO ratios from 3 to 15, and pressures near atmospheric. In situ Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to monitor the state of iron in these catalysts after reduction in H 2 at 713 and 773 K. For both supports, a significant fraction of the iron was alloyed with nickel after treatment in H 2 , while the remainder was associated with the support as Fe 2+ . The extent of alloy formation was greater for the titania-supported samples, indicating that iron is more reducible on titania than on alumina. Under methanation reaction conditions, some of the iron from the NiFe was oxidized to Fe 2+ . For titania-supported samples, this process was partially reversible upon switching to H 2 at the same temperature, while the Fe 2+ could not be re-reduced on alumina even after treatment in H 2 at 773 K. The presence of Fe 2+ under methanation reaction conditions suggests that titanium is present as Ti 4+ . Compared to NiFe on alumina, the titania-supported NiFe particles showed effects of “strong metal-support interactions” manifested by (i) higher methanation activity, (ii) higher activation energy and hydrogen partial pressure dependence of the methanation rate, (iii) slower deactivation under methanation reaction conditions, and (iv) greater selectivity toward higher hydrocarbons. These effects are explained by the presence of titania species (TiO x ) on the surface of the titania-supported NiFe particles. These species decrease the extent of carbon deposition on the metal surface, thereby increasing the amount of “active” carbon at the expense of “inactive” carbon. The probability of carbon chain-growth on the titania-supported NiFe particles can also be increased by addition of water to the H 2 /CO feed.
Dynamic Interplay between O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminylation and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3-dependent Phosphorylation

O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine side chains of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is dynamically regulated in response to various environmental and biological stimuli. O-GlcNAcylation is remarkably similar to O-phosphorylation and appears to have a dynamic interplay with O-phosphate in cellular regulation. A systematic glycoproteomics analysis of the affects of inhibiting specific kinases on O-GlcNAcylation should help reveal both the global and specific dynamic relationships between these two abundant post-translational modifications. Here we report the O-GlcNAc perturbations in response to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a pivotal kinase involved in many signaling pathways. By combining immunoaffinity chromatography and SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture)-based quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified 45 potentially O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Quantitative measurements indicated that at least 10 proteins had an apparent increase of O-GlcNAcylation upon GSK-3 inhibition by lithium, whereas surprisingly 19 other proteins showed decreases. O-GlcNAcylation changes on a subset of the proteins were confirmed by follow-up experiments. By combining a new O-GlcNAc peptide enrichment method and β-elimination followed by Michael addition with DTT, we also mapped the O-GlcNAc site (Ser-55) of vimentin, which showed an apparent increase of O-GlcNAcylation upon GSK-3 inhibition. Based on the MS data, we further investigated potential roles of O-GlcNAc on host cell factor-1, a transcription co-activator, and showed that dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation on host cell factor-1 influenced its subcellular distribution. Taken together, these data indicated the complex interplay between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation that occurs within signaling networks.
HYPOXANTHINE NUCLEOTIDES AND MUSCULAR CONTRACTION.

Abstract 1. 1. Experiments have been devised to test the suggestion of a number of investigators that the interconversion of adenine and hypoxanthine nucleotides may provid the energy for muscular contraction. 2. 2. Several methods for the assay of very small amounts of these nucleotides in muscle extracts have been examined. These involve spectrophotometry, radioactivity, electrophoresis and chromatography. They have been applied to a study of the production of the hypoxanthine nucleotides during single contractions of the frog rectus-abdominis muscles at 0°. 3. 3. Small amounts of the hypoxanthine di- and trinucleotides were detected in resting muscles but there were no significant net changes in either the adenine or hypoxanthine nucleotides during single contractions.
Modèles à base de données et intuition managériale: 50% modèle + 50% manager

Cette recherche a pour objet d'etudier les manieres de combiner des modeles statistiques simples utilisant des bases de donnees avec l'intuition manageriale. Nous presentons un modele et une methode qui permettent d'isoler l'intuition manageriale. Pour cinq situations differentes de previsions, nos resultats indiquent qu'une combinaison du modele et de l'intuition des managers ameliore chacune des sources de decision prises isolement. Dans les analyses de validation croisee, l'augmentation moyenne du R2 est de 0, 09 (16%) par rapport a la meilleure source de decision seule. Nous evaluons la validite d'une heuristique basee a 50% sur les modeles et 50% sur les managers, pour expliquer ensuite pourquoi nos resultats sont susceptibles d'etre differents de ceux des recherches anterieures sur les jugements d'experts.
Primary hyperaldosteronism: challenges in subtype classification.

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is a serious and potentially debilitating disease. Detailed guidelines have been written to guide endocrinologists in establishing the diagnosis of PA as well as in subtype classification of PA. The objective of this case report is to present a case where subtype classification of PA was challenging and repeated imaging of the adrenal glands helped establish the diagnosis in a patient with initial normal adrenal glands on CT and MRI images. We report a case of a 29-year-old woman with an established diagnosis of PA, but unclear subtype, who presented to us for further management. She initially presented for medical evaluation of uncontrolled hypertension and spontaneous hypokalemia 4 years prior. In the investigation of secondary causes of hypertension, plasma aldosterone-to-plasma renin activity ratio was elevated on two separate occasions, and primary hyperaldosteronism was confirmed by saline infusion test. Also during this time, she had adrenal venous sampling done 3 times at multiple institutions yielding confusing results. Initially, imaging by CT and MRI showed normal adrenal glands. To help establish the subtype of PA, we reimaged this patient’s adrenal glands one year later revealing a 2 cm left adrenal adenoma. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy improved her hypertension and was curative of her hypokalemia. This case presents an unusual case where reimaging of the adrenal glands led to the discovery of a single adenoma, initially not observed on imaging studies.
Partitioning of ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium between spinel and silicate melt and implications for platinum group element fractionation trends

Abstract High temperature (1450 and 1300°C), one atmosphere trace element partitioning experiments were made in the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 system to investigate the chemical compatibility of Ru, Rh, and Pd in magnesium aluminate spinels coexisting with silicate melts. Spinel/melt partition coefficients indicate that Rh and Ru are highly compatible with values near 90 and 20, respectively. These high partition coefficients contrast sharply with partitioning behavior for Pd under similar conditions. Palladium is rather incompatible with partition coefficients of less than 0.02. Platinum group elements, generally considered a geochemically coherent group, may thus be fractionated with respect to one another when spinel is a magmatic phase.
Management of the occoquan river basin: A 20-year case history

The high dam on the Occoquan River of Northern Virginia, United States of America, was constructed in 1957, forming a drinking water reservoir with a capacity of 37.1 × 106m3 formed by drainage from a 1 460 km2 watershed, and providing a safe yield of 189 251 m3 per day. Deteriorating water quality in the late 1960s led to a special “policy” for the watershed, designed to preserve the reservoir as a drinking water supply. Key provisions of the policy mandated replacement of the watershed's 11 publicly owned wastewater treatment works with a single advanced wastewater treatment plant (AWT), and establishment of the Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Programme. Early results from the programme established non-point nutrient pollution as a major cause of water quality deterioration and resulted in the implementation of non-point pollution controls throughout the watershed during the late 1970s. The AWT plant went on-line in July 1978. Continuous monitoring since 1973 has demonstrated both the necessity and the effectiveness of point and non-point nutrient controls for the preservation of the reservoir's water quality. The AWT plant provides excellent removal of organics and phosphorus, plus complete nitrification. The nitrates are discharged to the receiving stream to enhance conditions in the reservoir. Control policies include land-use management for the preservation of this essential water supply for 750 000 people in the Washington, D.C. suburbs. Land-use management decisions are based on the results obtained with a watershed-reservoir linked computer model which predicts water quality changes resulting from land-use changes.
An experimental test of a predator–prey model of appropriation

Abstract Grossman and Kim’s [Predation and production. In: Garfinkel, M.R., Skaperdas, S. (Eds.), The Political Economy of Conflict and Appropriation. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1996, pp. 57–71] predator–prey model predicts that as the effectiveness of offense against defense increases, the equilibrium appropriation effort will change from zero to full to partial predation. We test the model experimentally over a sequence of eight decision periods. The data show a clear and substantial convergence to equilibrium outcomes, with most movement occurring in the first several periods.
Measuring Metal Sulfide Complexes in Oxic River Waters with Square Wave Voltammetry

A sulfide identification protocol was developed to quantify specific metal sulfides that could exist in river water. Using a series of acid additions, nitrogen purges, and voltammetric analyzes, metal sulfides were identified and semiquantified in three specific group: (1) Co, Fe, Mn, and Ni (bi)sulfides, (2) Fe, Zn, and Pb sulfides, and (3) Cu sulfides. All metal sulfide complexes were measured in low nanomolar concentrations in the oxic waters of four Connecticut rivers, using a thin mercury film rotating disk glassy carbon electrode (TMF-RDGCE). The short residence times associated with a RDE prevents certain strong metal sulfide complexes (Cu, Zn, and Pb) from dissociating at pH {gt} 7.0 during depositions, which allows for identification in certain pH zones. The concentrations of the specific metal sulfide complexes were linked to the extent of watershed development and proximity to source areas. At sampling sites impacted by treated sewage effluent, the concentrations of Cu and Zn sulfide complexes accounted for over 30% of the total metals passing through a 0.45-{micro}m filter. Ultrafiltration revealed that between 30% and 60% of these Cu and Zn sulfide complexes were {gt} 3,000 MW and probably associated with organic matter. A kinetic loss experiment showed that the Cumore » and Zn sulfide complexes had half-lives {gt}15 days, demonstrating the importance of these complexes as metal carrier in small- and medium-sized river systems.« less
Extracting named entity translingual equivalence with limited resources

In this article we present an automatic approach to extracting Hindi-English (H-E) Named Entity (NE) translingual equivalences from bilingual parallel corpora. In the absence of a Hindi NE tagger or H-E translation dictionary, this approach adapts a Chinese-English (C-E) surface string transliteration model for H-E NE extraction. The model is initially trained using automatically extracted C-E NE pairs, then iteratively updated based on newly extracted H-E NE pairs. For each English person and location NE in each sentence pair, this approach searches for its Hindi correspondence with minimum transliteration cost and constructs an H-E NE list from the bilingual corpus. Experiments show that this approach extracted 1000 H-E NE pairs with a precision of 91.8p.
Single-Subject Experimental Design for Evidence-Based Practice

Purpose Single-subject experimental designs (SSEDs) represent an important tool in the development and implementation of evidence-based practice in communication sciences and disorders. The purpose...
Dealing with contaminated groundwater sites

Dealing with contaminated groundwater sites Restoration of about 12,000 “problematic” contaminated groundwater sites across the United States is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50–100 years, according to an 8 November report by a committee of the U.S. National Research Council.
The Normal spectral emittance of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium above 1000 K

The normal spectral emittance (X = 0.645 μm) of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium was determined at temperatures above 1000 K in an argon atmosphere at a pressure slightly above atmospheric. The measured normal spectral emittances are: yttrium, (solid), e nλ = 0.368 ± 0.005; (liquid), e nλ = 0.368 ± 0.005; lanthanum, (solid), e nλ = 0.409 ± 0.049; (liquid), e nλ = 0.257 ± 0.015; cerium, (liquid), e nλ = 0.309 ± 0.020; praseodymium, (solid), e nλ = 1.609 - 1.0964 x 10−3 T (K); (liquid), e nλ = 0.284 ± 0.005; neodymium, (solid), e nλ = 1.090 - 5.6 x 10−4 T (K); (liquid), e nλ = 0.394 ± 0.007.
The Effect of Teaching on Teacher Learning.

The most venerable adage in the fraternity of teaching is probably that "the best way to learn something is to teach it." Like so much of the folklore of the science of education, however, this common-sense hypothesis appears to have largely escaped empirical evaluation despite its obvious implications to teacher education. Moody and Bausell (1973) observed that students who volunteer to teach mathematical topics do learn those topics better than students who simply study them on their own for a course test. This finding, however, even ignoring the obvious methodological problems entailed with volunteerism, sheds little light on the conditions under which the phenomenon (incremental learning) occurs. Certainly the most obvious explanation is that students who know they must teach a topic are motivated to study that topic to a greater extent in preparation for teaching it. This is also the most parsimonious explanation, since if true, no theoretical appearance saving would be called for. The explanation offered in the folklore is not this simple, however, since teacher learning is posited as a function of the teacher's interaction with the learning student(s). Since such conditions are predicted by no major existing theory, this explanation might be ignored if it were not for an inexplicable finding by Long (1971) in which the simple act of serving as an experimenter in paired associate learning was found to transfer to the learning of new paired associates when the experimenter subsequently served as S. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether (1) Moody and Bausell's (1973) previously cited finding would replicate when teachers were randomly selected and preparation time allowed to vary between groups and (2) if so, whether the phenomenon would still occur when differences between preparation time between students and teachers were controlled. It was hypothesized that (1) if teachers learned more only when preparation time was allowed to vary, then this incremental
Suicide among artists

(1997). Suicide Among Artists. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 137, No. 1, pp. 129-130.
Linac-driven spallation-neutron source

Strong interest has arisen in accelerator-driven spallation-neutron sources that surpass existing facilities (such as ISIS at Rutherford or LANSCE at Los Alamos) by more than an order of magnitude in beam power delivered to the spallation target. The approach chosen by Los Alamos (as well as the European Spallation Source) provides the full beam energy by acceleration in a linac as opposed to primary acceleration in a synchrotron or other circular device. Two modes of neutron production are visualized for the source. A short-pulse mode produces 1 MW of beam power (at 60 pps) in pulses, of length less than 1 ms, by compression of the linac macropulse through multi-turn injection in an accumulator ring. A long-pulse mode produces a similar beam power with 1-ms-long pulses directly applied to a target. This latter mode rivals the performance of existing reactor facilities to very low neutron energies. Combination with the short-pulse mode addresses virtually all applications.