cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Value of Pre- and Intraoperative Adjuncts on the Extent of Resection of Hemispheric Low-Grade Gliomas: A Retrospective Analysis

Background To achieve maximal resection with minimal risk of postoperative neurologic morbidity, different neurosurgical adjuncts are being used during low-grade glioma (LGG) surgery. Objectives To investigate the effect of pre- and intraoperative adjuncts on the extent of resection (EOR) of hemispheric LGGs. Methods Medical records were reviewed to identify patients of any sex, ≥ 18 years of age, who underwent LGG surgery at X Hospital between January 2005 and July 2013. Patients were divided into eight subgroups based on the use of various combinations of a neuronavigation system alone (NN), functional MRI-diffusion tensor imaging (fMRI-DTI) guided neuronavigation (FD), intraoperative MRI (MR), and direct electrical stimulation (DES). Initial and residual tumors were measured, and mean EOR was compared between groups. Results Of all 128 patients, gross total resection was achieved in 23.4%. Overall mean EOR was 81.3% ± 20.5%. Using DES in combination with fMRI-DTI (mean EOR: 86.7% ± 12.4%) on eloquent tumors improved mean EOR significantly after adjustment for potential confounders when compared with NN alone (mean EOR: 76.4% ± 25.5%; p = 0.001). Conclusions Using DES in combination with fMRI and DTI significantly improves EOR when LGGs are located in eloquent areas compared with craniotomies in which only NN was used.
Development of Hypertension in the Adrenalectomized Nephritic Rat Maintained on NaCl.

SummaryIn response to cytotoxic serum nephritis, bilaterally adrenalectomized rats develop hypertension as frequently as do animals with intact adrenals. In order for hypertension to appear among such adrenalectomized rats, it is necessary that a satisfactory state of nutrition be maintained over a period of weeks. In our laboratory, the difficulties encountered in fulfilling this provision have been considerable in spite of the employment of a high NaCl regimen. This experience has led us to wonder whether the conflicting results in the literature relating to the question of hypertension in adrenalectomized animals may not be due, in part, to similar difficulties.
Evaluating federally-funded child welfare training partnerships: a worthwhile challenge.

Abstract This article assesses the state of evaluation research on federally-funded child welfare training, including both Section 426 and Title IV-E partnerships. The article discusses the need for stronger evaluations of child welfare training and describes some factors which may have impeded past evaluation efforts. It recommends strengthening evaluations of federally-funded child welfare training through well-targeted questions, strong research designs, strong research methods, innovative methods, and theory-driven studies. The article concludes by promoting the development of child welfare research and training centers.
Who was James Lind, and what exactly did he achieve

Iain Milne considered the possibility that Lind's report of a controlled trial may be a fabrication1 and kindly cited my review.2 However the credit should instead go to Graham Sutton who knew, as I did not, that the ship's papers of HMS Salisbury survived and there were no sailors sick with scurvy on this ship in May 1747.3
Altered mRNA expression of basement membrane components in a murine model of polycystic kidney disease

Basement membranes surround the renal tubules and have been shown to limit their distension in vitro. Therefore, it has been postulated that a defect in a basement membrane component(s) underlies the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. Here we have studied a murine model of congenital polycystic kidney disease and found by immunohistology, that the components of the peri-cyst basement membrane appeared to diminish with time. We also measured mRNA levels for collagen IV and laminin, and found a different pattern than in the normal mouse kidney. In normal kidneys, mRNA levels for the B1 and B2 chains of laminin were maximal at birth, and at 1 week for the alpha 1(IV) chain of collagen IV. With all three chains, the levels then rapidly declined. In contrast, mRNA for the alpha 1(IV) chain in congenital polycystic kidneys was half normal 1 week after birth and then increased. Laminin B1 and B2 chain mRNA's were 80% of normal at 1 week but were maintained at that level. As a control, beta-actin mRNA was examined and found to remain constant in both normal and diseased kidneys. In situ hybridization of cRNA probes for the alpha 1(IV) chain confirmed that cells associated with cysts were the principal source of expression of these basement membrane mRNAs. Thus, there exists an abnormal regulation of basement membrane gene expression in congenital polycystic kidney disease. The first stage is characterized by reduced levels of expression. In the second stage, the levels are abnormally high, perhaps representing a compensatory synthesis of basement membrane as cysts enlarge.
Constitutional Damages and Corrective Justice: A Different View

SECTION 19831 is a federal statute which creates a fourteenth amendment action for damages against state and local government officials and local governments themselves.2 Over the years, its scope and coverage have increased dramatically, due in large measure to its broad language and to changes in fourteenth amendment doctrines relating to state action and incorporation.3 These developments have generated a great deal of controversy and have led to increased judicial reluctance to continue in this direction.4 Such reluctance can be seen in recent Supreme Court caselaw either refusing to expand, or
Patient Self-Management of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: An International Update

The clinical use of oral anticoagulant therapy has been complicated by the necessity for frequent determinations of the prothrombin time (PT) to ensure safety and therapeutic efficacy. This requirement has often imposed a significant burden on both providers and patients. In 1985 a German patient, Heike Moller-Jung, initiated her own patient self-testing (PST) and patient self-management (PSM). Today there are over 15,000 patients in Germany managing their oral anticoagulant therapy with PSM options. Pilot PST and PSM programs are in place in many other countries. In the United States, two devices have recently been approved for PST. This method of monitoring has been shown to be as accurate as that of traditional central laboratory PT determinations, to improve the amount of time patients are within the therapeutic INR range, and to decrease the incidence of adverse events associated with anticoagulant therapy.
The Premature Loss of a Great Mind

Over the course of just a few short years Frank Plumpton Ramsey made a remarkable contribution to the literature in the areas of finance and economics. He did so with distractions that most others would find debilitating. His neurosis over relationships, including that with his mother, consumed much of his emotional energy. Yet, this 6’ 3” tall, ruffled, awkward, but handsome and friendly scholar seemed to be almost universally loved. He was a kind and sensitive soul, and yet his emotional blinders sometimes caused pain to those he loved. And he loved so deeply and with such infatuation that it is a miracle he could publish anything at all, much less redefine the areas of economics, logic, and probability, all by the age of 26. His loss was perhaps the loss of an entire generation of insights in fields as far flung as economics and finance, logic, probability, and mathematics.
Patterns in design discourse: A case study

Knowledge-intensive CAD must support knowledge building in design environments. Since knowledge sharing is a central activity in the collaborative design process, much of the design knowledge is embedded in the design discourse. For this reason, systematic capture of the design discourse may provide a practical means for knowledge building. This paper presents a case study of a design project and analyzes the discourse to illustrate this point. Our purpose is also to understand characteristics of the discourse in order to support its capture as well as to support knowledge building. The case study is a project that was undertaken by a geographically distributed team, involved a non-routine design problem, and employed several computer tools for team collaboration as well as for specific design tasks. In this paper, we present several quantitative measures for the different types of design information, the use of tools and media, and the role of different types of knowledge in the design process. We interpret these measures in the context of the design project to begin to answer the questions: how could knowledge-intensive CAD have aided in the design process and how can we support building and reuse of knowledge in such collaborative design projects?
An Economic Step Toward Revitalizing Japan and US-Japan Ties

From today’s vantage point, it is difficult to recall that only 20 short years ago Japan’s economy was the envy of the world. Its gross national product (GNP) was soaring, its banks were among the richest in the world, Ginza coffee shops catered to Japan’s nouveau riche with expensive cakes flaked with real gold, and a triumphalist business executive could declare that all Japan might need to buy from the United States were mop handles and buckets. From that self-congratulatory perch, Japan has fallen far. Once an economic wonder to be emulated, it is now an economic nightmare to be avoided.
Using Cognitive Screening Tests in Audiology.

Purpose The population of the United States is aging. Those older adults are living longer than ever and have an increased desire for social participation. As a result, audiologists are likely to s...
Qanat is not a hazard

Comments are presented on the article by Abbasnejad et al. (Environ Earth Sci 75:1306, 2016) dealing with qanat and hazards in Iran. My rebuttal starts from the direct attribution of the described hazards to qanat and addresses the importance in the correct use of terminology for geological hazards. All of the problems pointed out in Iran (subsidence, sinkholes, pollution) have, to me, an anthropogenic origin and cannot be directly ascribed to qanat. Eventually, I present some additional elements to highlight the remarkable importance of qanat systems and their influence on the development of similar underground structures in many countries of the Mediterranean Basin. This remarks the relevance of qanat as cultural heritage sites and the need for their preservation and valorization.
Pleistocene Glaciation of Iraq

Publisher Summary This chapter explores that the mountains of Kurdistan are a portion of the Taurus-Zagros mountain arc that extends through southern Turkey, northern Iraq, and southwestern Iran and separates the Anatolian-Iranian plateaux from the Mesopotamian lowland. The crest reaches elevations of 3000-4000 m in the segment, from the Cilo Dagh area in south-eastern Turkey, for 250 km to the Algurd Dagh area in northern Iraq. South-eastward the crestal elevation descends to 2200-2800 m, but in the Zardeh Kuh of southern Iran it again locally reaches 4000 m. The highest part of the range is generally in the belt of metamorphic rocks. The outer ridges are formed mostly by long folds of Mesozoic limestone, giving way in the foothills to folds in sediments, as young as Pliocene. Within Kurdistan, the ranges are cut transversely by four major tributaries of the Tigris River— namely, the Khabur, Greater Zab, Lesser Zab, and Diyala Rivers. South-eastward along the range in Irma, where the crests of the ridges are generally less than 3000 m, the forest cover extends farther inland and terminates in what may be considered an inner treeline, where the precipitation is about 500 mm and the elevation about 1300–1500 m. Despite the evidence for markedly different climatic conditions in Kurdistan during the last glacial phase of the Pleistocene, there is little evidence that climatic change near the Pleistocene was critical in the evolution of early man from hunters to farmers and herders. In any case, the Pleistocene climatic changes may have involved only an altitudinal shifting of the life zones within the Kurdish mountains and foothills and the Mesopotamian piedmont, and that even during the glacial period there were natural habitats suitable for the animals and plants destined to be domesticated as soon as man reached the requisite cultural level.
Abstract 764: Rational combination of PF-06463922 (next-generation ALK inhibitor) with PI3K pathway inhibitors overcomes ALKi resistance in EML4-ALK+ NSCLC models

Crizotinib (PF-02341066) is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK, ROS1 and c-MET that is approved in over 70 countries for the treatment of ALK fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer (ALK+ NSCLC). Crizotinib achieved robust objective response rates of approximately 60% in ALK+ NSCLC and significantly improved progression free survival compared to chemotherapy. The emergence of secondary mutations within the ALK kinase domain or the activation of compensatory signaling pathways in crizotinib and other ALKi refractory tumors prompted searches for next generation of ALKi active against resistance mutations as single agents or in combination with other treatments. Such effort led to our recent discovery of PF-06463922, an ALK/ROS1 inhibitor with greatly improved ALK potency, brain penetration, and broad spectrum activity against all known clinical ALKi-resistant mutations. PF-06463922 is being tested in a Phase I clinical trial in both ALK+ and ROS1 fusion positive NSCLC in treatment naive or ALKi relapsed patients. In our current preclinical study, we explored rational combination strategies to further improve the efficacy of PF-06463922 in ALKi resistant cells or tumors. Our results show that compared to PF-06463922 alone, the combination of this compound with PI3K pathway inhibitors, such as PF-05212384 (PI3K/mTOR), GDC0941 (pan-PI3K) or GDC0032 (beta-sparing) leads to more robust anti-proliferative activity in vitro and greater duration of efficacy in vivo in the ALKi resistant models. These PI3K pathway inhibitors also partially overcome EGF or HGF ligand-induced resistance to PF-06463922. Interestingly, in addition to AKT signaling, both compounds inhibit ERK signaling as well, which may be essential for their enhancement of PF-06463922 cell activity or tumor efficacy in combination settings. Studies are ongoing to identify optimal partners for PF-06463922 combination using isoform selective PI3Ki, AKTi and mTORi. We are also exploring the breadth of efficacy of this combination in overcoming resistance to crizotinib, PF-06463922 or other ALKi. The findings provide important evidence that will help define the clinical development path for PF-06463922. This research effort may ultimately lead to more effective approaches to treat ALKi refractory patients in the clinic. Citation Format: Ping Wei, Ming Qiu, Nathan Lee, Joan Cao, Hui Wang, Konstantinos Tsaparikos, Conglin Fan, Timothy Sargis, Justine Lam, Maruja E. Lira, Goldie Lui, James Hardwick, Valeria Fantin, Paul Rejto, Tod Smeal. Rational combination of PF-06463922 (next-generation ALK inhibitor) with PI3K pathway inhibitors overcomes ALKi resistance in EML4-ALK+ NSCLC models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 764. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-764
Associations between emotional abuse and neglect and dimensions of alexithymia: The moderating role of sex.

Objective Child maltreatment, specifically emotional maltreatment (i.e., an act, such as belittling, blaming, or rejection, that is potentially harmful to a child's emotional development), has emerged as an important correlate of alexithymia. However, the evidence is mixed with regard to how emotional abuse and neglect might relate to dimensions of alexithymia (i.e., externally oriented thinking, difficulty describing feelings, and difficulty identifying feelings). Furthermore, research is needed to identify individual factors that might influence these associations. The current study examined the links between emotional abuse and neglect and externally oriented thinking, difficulty describing feelings, and difficulty identifying feelings and evaluated whether sex moderated these associations. Method Participants included 500 emerging adults (49.6% male) who completed an online battery of questionnaires assessing history of child maltreatment and dimensions of alexithymia. Results Regression analyses revealed that emotional abuse was associated with difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking, but not difficulty identifying feelings. Emotional neglect was associated with difficulty identifying feelings, but not difficulty describing feelings or externally oriented thinking. There were no sex differences associated with difficulty describing feelings or externally oriented thinking. However, sex moderated the associations between emotional abuse and neglect and difficulty identifying feelings such that emotional abuse and neglect were both more strongly associated with difficulty identifying feelings for females. Conclusion These results suggest that, in the aftermath of emotional maltreatment, sex may play an important role in the development of difficulty identifying feelings. (PsycINFO Database Record
African-American Women's Long-term Maintenance of Physical Activity Following a Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to determine long-term maintenance of physical activity (PA) following the 48-week Women's Lifestyle PA program, targeted/tailored for African-American women. METHODS The parent study consisted of a 3-arm randomized clinical trial with 3 assessment points: baseline (pre-intervention); 24 weeks post-baseline (end active intervention); and 48 weeks post-baseline (end maintenance intervention). Present analyses supplement the original results by adding a long-term maintenance assessment that occurred 2 to 4 years post-baseline. Participants were 288 African-American women aged 40 to 65 without major signs/symptoms of pulmonary/cardiovascular disease. The active intervention included 5 group meetings, with 9 personal motivational calls, 9 automated motivational calls, or no calls between meetings. The maintenance intervention included one group meeting and either 2 calls or no calls. PA was assessed with the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors. RESULTS Retention was 90%. Over long-term maintenance, there was a decline in PA, but levels remained significantly higher than baseline for moderate/vigorous PA (p < .001), leisure moderate/vigorous PA (p < .001) and walking (p = .006). Variations by condition/site were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that long-term maintenance of PA increases resulting from group meetings in an active intervention occur when followed by a maintenance intervention.
The Spectral Theorem for Unbounded Self-Adjoint Operators

This chapter gives statements and proofs of the spectral theorem for unbounded self-adjoint operators, in the same forms as in the bounded case, in terms of projection-valued measures, in terms of direct integrals, and in terms of multiplication operators.
A Longitudinal Perspective of Early Career Music Teachers: Contexts, Interactions, and Possible Selves

The purpose of this multiple case study was to follow the development of three music educators during their student teaching semesters and into the first years of their careers. Possible selves the...
Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) brightness temperature validation

The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) is an experimental C-band airborne microwave radiometer developed by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to provide hurricane's surface wind speed and rain rate. It is intended to expand the current NOAA and US Air Force hurricane surveillance capability by extending the operational Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) measurements to a wide-swath hurricane image. This paper discusses the evaluation of HIRAD radiometric brightness temperature images on a relatively uniform ocean scene during the unmanned Global Hawk scientific flight over the Pacific Ocean in 2012. The objective of this analysis is to assess the accuracy and stability of HIRAD Tb measurement. This objective is accomplished by comparing HIRAD measured and theoretical Tbs.
Role of HtrA1 in cell migration and metastasis

LB-274 Metastasis, one of the most significant steps in the progression of cancer, is also the most lethal aspects of cancer. Metastasis and the failure of chemotherapy to treat metastatic disease are the primary causes of cancer-related mortality. One of the critical components in metastasis is the ability of cancer cells to migrate into surrounding tissues and tumor vasculatures. Here we reports that HtrA1, a serine protease previously identified as down-regulated in ovarian cancer and metastatic melanoma, associates with cytoskeletal microtubules, inhibits microtubules assembly, and affects cancer cell motility. HtrA1 localizes to microtubules, and co-precipitates and co-purifies with tubulins. Immunoprecipitation of HtrA1 resulted in co-immunoprecipitation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tubulins. Furthermore, purified HtrA1 inhibits in vitro tubulin polymerization. Forced expression of HtrA1 attenuates cancer cell migration, whereas down-regulation of endogenous HtrA1 by RNAi promotes cell motility. Moreover, endogenous HtrA1 inhibits fibronectin-mediated cell spreading without affecting collagen-mediated cell spreading. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of HtrA1 expression in 67 primary ovarian tumors, 100 primary breast tumors and corresponding 58 nodal metastases, and 100 primary colorectal cancers and corresponding 70 nodal metastases indicates that down-regulation of HtrA1 is associated with metastatic phenotypes of ovarian, breast and colorectal cancers. These results uncover a novel and specific role of HtrA1 in cancer cell migration through its association with cytoskeletal microtubules, and offer initial mechanistic insights into how this protein may modulate cell migration and metastasis.
Effects of upstream shear forces on priming of platelets for downstream adhesion and activation

Abstract Platelets in flowing blood are sometimes exposed to elevated shear forces caused by anastomotic stenosis at the blood vessel-vascular implant interface. The objective of this study was to determine how effective upstream shear forces are in priming platelets for downstream adhesion and activation. Flow chambers with upstream stenotic regions (shear rates of 400–1000 s−1) were manufactured by relief molding of polydimethylsiloxane. Downstream from the stenotic regions, microcontact printing was used to covalently immobilize three different proteins (fibrinogen, collagen, or von Willebrand factor) to serve as platelet capture agents. Anticoagulated whole blood was perfused through the flow chambers and platelet adhesion to the downstream capture region was quantified. It was found that transient exposure of platelets to increased shear forces resulted in higher platelet adhesion on all three proteins. The duration of the platelet exposure to elevated shear forces was varied by changing the length of the stenotic regions. The results indicated that, in addition to the magnitude of shear forces, the duration of exposure to these forces was also an important factor in priming platelets. The effect of upstream shear forces on platelet activation was assessed by quantifying P-selectin, integrin αIIbβ3, lysosomal glycoprotein, and phosphatidylserine exposure using flow cytometry. The results suggested that increased shear forces were capable of increasing the priming of platelets for downstream activation. This study implicates the anastomotic region(s) of vascular implants as a locus of platelet pre-activation that may lead to thrombus formation downstream. Statement of Significance A synthetic small-diameter vascular graft can often become stenotic due to intimal fibrous hyperplasia, either generally along the inside of the graft or at the anastomotic regions, leading to an increased shear force on flowing platelets. Our lab is studying how the upstream platelet preactivation (aka “priming”) in flowing blood affects their downstream adhesion and activation. This manuscript describes a study in which priming of platelets is achieved by upstream stenotic narrowing in a microfluidic flow chamber. Such experimental design was intended to mimic a vascular implant with stenotic upstream anastomosis and downstream exposed platelet protein agonists. Understanding how the pre-activated platelets respond to imperfect vascular implant surfaces downstream is an important factor in designing better vascular implants.
Criteria for Convergence of Iterates in a Compression-Expansion Fixed Point Theorem of Functional Type

In this paper we show how one can use suitable k-contractive conditions to prove that iterates converge to a fixed point guaranteed by a compression-expansion fixed point theorem of functional type, even though the operator is not known to be invariant on the underlying set.
Solution of Single Tridiagonal Linear Systems and Vectorization of the ICCG Algorithm on the Cray-1

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the solution of single tridiagonal linear systems and vectorization of the ICCG algorithm on the Cray-1. When the numerical algorithms used to solve the physics equations in codes which model laser fusion are examined, it is found that a large number of subroutines require the solution of tridiagonal linear systems of equations. Radiation transport, thermal- and suprathermal-electron transport, ion thermal conduction, charged-particle, and neutron transport require the solution of tridiagonal systems of equations. The standard algorithm that has been used in the past on CDC 7600s will not vectorize and hence, cannot take advantage of the large speed increases possible on the Cray-1 through vectorization. There is an alternative algorithm for solving tridiagonal systems called cyclic reduction, which allows for vectorization, and is optimal for the Cray-1. Software based on this algorithm is being used in LASNEX to solve tridiagonal linear systems in the subroutines. The new algorithm runs five times faster than the standard algorithm on the Cray-1.
The Potassium A-Current and Low Firing Rates in Hodgkin-Huxley Models

Using a reduction of the classical Hodgkin-Huxley model, we study the effects of the transient, potassium A-current (I A ) on steady firing rate, especially in the near-threshold regime for the onset of firing. For experimentally-based generic I A -parameters, the model does not fire at arbitrarily low rates, although it can for the more atypical I A -parameters given by Connor and Stevens for the crab axon. When the I A inactivation rate is slow, we find that the transient potassium current can mediate more complex firing patterns, such as periodic bursting.
Power, Medical Knowledge, and the Rhetorical Invention of “Typhoid Mary”

This essay examines the interrelationship between legal, medical, and public knowledge in the case of Mary Mallon. The author argues that although Mallon was never convicted of any crime, she was under the constant surveillance of medical authorities because of her characterization as a recalcitrant “typhoid carrier.” Mallon's physical body became a contested site of controversy as various medical and legal communities fought for the legitimization of their own bodies of knowledge. Modern health care theorists and practitioners still use a plethora of “Typhoid Mary” narratives in their discussions of the relationship between jurisprudence, ethics, and medicine.
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with over one million cases in 2008. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents approximately 20% of all skin cancer cases and is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma (BCC). It is estimated the lifetime risk for developing an SCC in Caucasian males is 9–14% and in women, 4–9% [1]. The incidence of cSCC is increasing with the highest incidence occurring in patients over the age of 85 [2, 3].
The cardiovascular risks of diving.

Copyright © 2011 by Divers Alert Network, 6 West Colony Place Durham, NC 27705. This book is available for download at no cost as a PDF file from the Divers Alert Network website (http://www.DiversAlertNetwork.org/). Opinions and data presented at the Conference and in these Proceedings are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Divers Alert Network.
The association between method of solicitation and patient permissions for use of surplus tissues and contact for future research.

Objective Obtaining patient permissions for research contact and for surplus tissue use as part of routine clinical practice can improve research participation. This study aims to investigate the difference in patient permissions for use of surplus tissues, and for direct contact for research, using 2 different methods of solicitation. Methods An opt-in, population-based approach for gathering research permissions was implemented in 2 methods. The first method, applied a 2-item patient questionnaire delivered through the electronic health record patient portal. The questionnaire composed of 2 questions (1) whether de-identified surplus specimens may be used for research and (2) whether patients could be contacted about research. In the second method, the same questionnaire was physically presented in clinic within the clinical workflow. We used 1 to 1 propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds of obtaining permission and the difference between the 2 methods of solicitation. Results The propensity score model matched 8044 observations (4114 submissions in each group). Among the in-clinic submission group, 70.13% provided permission for surplus tissue compared with 66.65% in the patient portal submission group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.32; P < 0.001). Permission for future research contact was similar among in-clinic (65.07%) and patient portal submission (66.65%) groups (OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.85-1.03; P = 0.175). These trends were consistent among European Americans and African American patients. However, among patients of other race, higher permission for both future contact (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.39-0.86; P < 0.007) and surplus tissue use (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.43-0.97; P = 0.036) was observed among patient portal submission. Discussion Our findings suggest that in-clinic solicitation of patient permissions may provide the same opportunity to patients who do not use patient portals and may be associated with higher permission rate for surplus tissue. However, this was primary true for European American and African Americans patients. Patients of other race minorities might respond better to online approaches. Conclusion Adopting a patient-centric approach that combines in-clinic and portal-based administration may be feasible and promising. Further research is required in this area.
Managing a Regime in Crisis: The Twilight of Neoliberalism and the Politics of Economic Recovery During the First Year of the Obama Administration

Kristoffer Smemo provides a historical overview of flawed economic policies that led up to the Great Recession. The Great Recession is presented as an economic regime on the verge of collapse. For Smemo “Privatized Keynesianism,” that is, private sector advocacy of monetary and fiscal policies to increase employment and spending, led to the meltdown of the economy. His analysis brings together the nexus of business and political party politics. He questions the leadership of Obama during the Great Recession. Instead of trying to reform the system, Obama policies assisted Wall Street, banks, and automobile makers to embolden past economic policies. This chapter links President Obama’s to his predecessors’ economic policies.
Aberrant brain gray matter in murderers.

Homicide is a significant societal problem with economic costs in the billions of dollars annually and incalculable emotional impact on victims and society. Despite this high burden, we know very little about the neuroscience of individuals who commit homicide. Here we examine brain gray matter differences in incarcerated adult males who have committed homicide (n = 203) compared to other non-homicide offenders (n = 605; total n = 808). Homicide offenders’ show reduced gray matter in brain areas critical for behavioral control and social cognition compared with subsets of other violent and non-violent offenders. This demonstrates, for the first time, that unique brain abnormalities may distinguish offenders who kill from other serious violent offenders and non-violent antisocial individuals.
Correction to: The Back Plate Inscription and eclipse scheme of the Antikythera Mechanism revisited

Tables 2 and 4 contained an incorrect set of values for the mean lunar latitudes associated with the tabulated eclipse possibilities.
Making Identity on the Swahili Coast: Urban Life, Community, and Belonging in Bagamoyo

Situated at a crossroads of trade in the late nineteenth century, and later the economic capital of German East Africa, the thriving caravan and port town of Bagamoyo, Tanzania is one of many diverse communities on the East African coast which has been characterized as 'Swahili'. Seeking an alternate framework for understanding community and identity, Steven Fabian combines extensive archival sources from African and European archives alongside fieldwork in Bagamoyo to move beyond the category of 'Swahili' as it has been traditionally understood. Revealing how townspeople - Africans, Arabs, Indians, and Europeans alike - created a local vocabulary which referenced aspects of everyday town life and bound them together as members of a shared community, this first extensive examination of Bagamoyo's history from the pre-colonial era to independence uses a new lens of historical analysis to emphasize the importance of place in creating local, urban identities and suggests a broader understanding of these concepts historically along the Swahili Coast.
c-myc antisense phosphorodiamidate mopholino oligomer inhibits lung metastasis in a syngeneic lung tumor model.

263 c-myc amplification and overexpression has been correlated with progression and chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer. Our laboratory has generated a c-myc targeting phosphorodiamidate Morpholino antisense oligomer (AVI-4126), which has been shown to specifically inhibit c-MYC expression in in vitro and in vivo cancer models and is currently in clinical trials. The present study evaluates the effect of c-MYC inhibition on development of lung metastasis in the Lewis lung syngeneic murine tumor model. In addition to AVI-4126, a neutral PMO agent, a peptide conjugated PMO (AVI-5126) was also synthesized. This PMO shows an increased residence time in tissues compared to AVI-4126. The lung metastasis model in C57BL/6 mice was developed by s.c. implantation of 2 million LLC1 cells. Temporal studies revealed consistent formation of micrometastasis in the lung by day 13 which progressed to larger lesions, and if untreated, to high morbidity by days 25-30. Study 1 involved s.c. administration at local tumor site of saline, AVI-4126, AVI-5126, or respective scrambled (scr) PMOs (50 μg/day) for 3 cycles of 5 days a week starting day 1 post tumor cell implantation. At the end of the study, tumor, lung, spleen, kidneys were removed, weighed, the surface lung lesions were counted, and the tissues processed for histological analysis. AVI-4126 treated group showed a significant reduction in number of animals with surface lung mets (1/6) and lung weights (0.17±0.04) similar to normal mice (0.16±0.008) in comparison to saline (6/6, 0.23±0.009), scr PMO1 (6/6, .30±0.008), AVI-5126 (5/6, 0.19±0.06), and scr PMO2 (6/6, 0.29±0.07). Study 2 compared AVI-4126 with cisplatin, a drug commonly used in lung cancer to which resistance often develops. Mice with well established s.c. tumors were treated i.p. with saline, cisplatin, scr PMO1, AVI-4126 alone or in combination with cisplatin. A cyclical regimen involved cisplatin dosing (83 μg/day) on days 7-9, 18-20 and/or PMO dosing (300 μg/day) on days 11-17 and 22-28. Lung weights, surface lesions and histological analysis revealed a significant reduction in lung tumor burden in the AVI-4126 treated group. HPLC-based analysis of tumor and lung lysates confirmed the presence of intact AVI-4126 and AVI-5126. No PMO-related adverse events were observed. In summary, the data reveal the ability of AVI-4126 to decrease the formation of lung metastasis in this aggressive lung tumor model by local or systemic routes of administration. A recent Phase Ib clinical trial has demonstrated AVI-4126 bioavailability in solid tumors following i.v. administration. These data establish AVI-4126 as a strong clinical candidate for lung cancer. Ongoing studies are addressing the question whether the effect of c-MYC inhibition is on extravasation of cells from the localized tumor or implantation into the distant metastatic site.
Existentialism and Higher Education: A Renewed Intersection in Well-Being:

Enhanced well-being for students, staff, and faculty has become a focal point on many campuses across North America. Well-being promotion tends to focus on the “wellness” half of well-being, practi...
Teleoperation control scheme for magnetically actuated microrobots with haptic guidance

An external magnetic field can be used in remotely controlling magnetic microrobots, making them promising candidates for diverse biomedical applications, including cell manipulation and therapy. This paper presents a teleoperation scheme to control magnetically actuated microrobots. The system was developed to allow human operators to control the motion for magnetically actuated microrobots and feel their interactions with the environment. The potential applications of the presented system will be in targeted drug delivery, micro-assembly, and biopsy procedures. A haptic interface constituted the core of the teleoperation system. It was used to provide the operator with force feedback to control the microrobots. In particular, virtual interaction forces were computed and transmitted to the human operators to guide them in performing path following tasks. The operating field of the microrobots was haptically rendered to avoid contacts with obstacles. Finally, a basic set of experimental trials were conducted, demonstrating that the average path tracking error was reduced by 67% when haptic feedback was used.
First-in-Human Evaluation of 18F-SynVesT-1, a Radioligand for PET Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A.

The use of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) radiotracers with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging could provide a way to measure synaptic density quantitatively in living humans. 11C-UCB-J, previously developed and assessed in nonhuman primates and humans, showed excellent kinetic properties as a PET radioligand. However, it is labeled with the short half-life isotope 11C. We developed a new tracer, an 18F-labeled difluoro-analog of UCB-J (18F-SynVesT-1, a.k.a. 18F-SDM-8), which displayed favorable properties in monkeys. The purpose of this first-in-human study was to assess the kinetic and binding properties of 18F-SynVesT-1 and compare with 11C-UCB-J. Methods: Eight healthy volunteers participated in a baseline study of 18F-SynVesT-1. Four of these subjects were also scanned after a blocking dose of the anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam (20 mg/kg). Metabolite-corrected arterial input functions were measured. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were analyzed using one- and two-tissue compartment (1TC, 2TC) models and multilinear analysis 1 (MA1) to compute distribution volume (VT) and binding potential (BPND). The centrum semiovale was used as a reference region. The Lassen plot was applied to compute levetiracetam occupancy and non-displaceable distribution volume (VND). Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) -1 over several time windows was compared with BPND. Results: Regional TACs were fitted better with the 2TC model than the 1TC model, but 2TC VT estimates were unstable. The 1TC VT values matched well with those from the 2TC model (excluding the unstable values), Thus, 1TC was judged as the most useful model for quantitative analysis of 18F-SynVesT-1 imaging data. Minimum scan time for stable VT measurement was 60 min. The rank order of VT and BPND values was similar between 18F-SynVesT-1 and 11C-UCB-J. Regional VT values were slightly higher for 11C-UCB-J, but BPND values were higher for 18F-SynVesT-1, though these differences were not significant. Levetiracetam reduced the uptake of 18F-SynVesT-1 in all regions and produced occupancy of 85.7%. SUVR-1 of 18F-SynVesT-1 from 60-90 min matched best with 1TC BPND. Conclusion: The novel SV2A tracer, 18F-SynVesT-1, displays excellent kinetic and in vivo binding properties in humans and holds great potential for the imaging and quantification of synaptic density in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Phyloarray: a phylogenetic approach to cancer gene-expression microarray analysis

3697 Advances in targeted individualized treatment of cancer will only progress when a highly predictive classification model becomes available where class discovery and prediction are based on an evolutionary paradigm. Current gene-listing, gene-linkage, and clustering do not resolve interplatform comparability and reliability, and are incongruent with the nature of cancer progression. An accurate and predictive analytical model should account for the multiphasic nature of cancer and be able to place any of its profiles in a proper taxonomy. Phyloarray produces its classification by polarizing data values into derived and ancestral states using our polarity assessment algorithm, UNIPAL, followed by a phylogenetic analysis of the polarized matrix with the parsimony algorithm, MIX. Phyloarray is a phylogenetic approach that offers an alternative to gene-listing, statistical gene-linkage, and clustering, and produces a biologically meaningful classification of specimens through hierarchical class discovery. It incorporates genes with asynchronous expressions (above & below normal) into the analysis, produces higher interplatform congruity, and resolves interplatform comparability. Class discovery here is defined by shared derived expressions (synapomorphies) that delimit natural groups (clades), while gene linkage is inferred from the parsimonious distribution of polarized expressions among the specimens. Interplatform comparability can be carried out with phyloarray by pooling together multiple polarized datasets produced separately and analyzed as long as they have identical probes; we pooled the polarized matrices of leiomyosarcoma and gastric carcinoma, and the two cancers were separated from each other on the cladogram, and each type proved to be a natural assemblage (a clade) defined by a set of unique synapomorphies. Interplatform congruity was tested by comparing the lists of synapomorphies produced by the polarity assessment of two independent datasets each representing myometrium and leiomyoma, and found a subset of synapomorphies (46/146, 31%) shared by the two groups of leiomyoma, a higher percentage than was produced by statistical methods (13%), despite a quantitative probes difference between the two datasets (7,000 v. 22,000). Phyloarray is a double-algorithmic approach to the analysis of gene-expression microarray data that offers an alternative to t-test and fold-change methods for generating a differentially-expressed gene-list, resolves interplatform comparability problem, produces a higher interplatform congruity, defines biomarkers as synapomorphies, and circumscribes cancer types as clades defined by synapomorphies. It transforms microarray into diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tool, and provides support for a relationship between uterine fibroids and leiomyosarcoma.
Informing Mechanical Model Development Using Lower-Dimensional Descriptions of Lattice Distortion

This paper describes a method combining in situ X-ray diffraction data and dimensionality reduction (local linear embedding) to inform the development of state variable plasticity models. The method is applied to developing a state variable plasticity model for pure nickel deformed in uniaxial tension in the small strain regime. Prior to model development, connections between state variables representing evolution of mobile dislocations and the lower-dimensional representations of the data are established. Correlations between lower-dimensional representation of data and state variable evolution motivate the introduction of new evolution equation terms to increase alignment between experiment and model. These terms capture dislocation interactions leading to hardening transients prior to steady-state plastic flow. The discussion focuses on interpreting these new evolution terms and outstanding issues associated with linking lower-dimensional representations of data to state variable evolution modeled with ordinary differential equations.
Intelligent fault analysis of transmission line using phasor measurement unit incorporating auto-reclosure protection scheme

The power system stability and reliability are stimulated by the faults on the transmission line. Many researchers have explored the performance of the transmission system under various kinds of faults. Specifically, the arrival of expeditious and effective data acquisition systems with high rate of sampling has set down the foundation for successful real-time monitoring. Using the LabVIEW and the data acquisition system’s of National Instruments (NI), virtual systems have been developed for obtaining optimal paradigmatic data with appropriate characterization and quality transmission. The primary objective of the work is to perceive and comprehend the transmission line faults with the aid of synchronized phasor measurements obtained from the phasor measurement unit (PMU) as well as protecting the system using auto-reclosing signal. The developed algorithms include phaselet coefficients for perception as well as comprehension. In order to increase the accuracy, particle swarm optimized extreme learning machine technique has also been used for comprehension. A protection scheme is employed using auto-reclosing to minimize the power loss and quick reconnection the power line in case of temporary fault. Developed algorithms have been validated on a practical laboratory transmission line using NI PMU. As the LabVIEW platform has been used for simulations, it is composed of visual displays such that the system operator can efficiently perform the planning and control decisions.
Backstepping and Synergetic Controllers for the Chemotherapy of Brain Tumor

The treatment of brain tumors by chemotherapy through the controlled rate of drug has been a challenging task since long. Two nonlinear control algorithms: 1) synergetic 2) backstepping based controllers have been designed for the therapeutic agent in an updated mathematical model of brain tumor to reduce the tumor cells, to maintain a safe amount of healthy cells, to keep the immune cells above a certain value and ensure a suitable amount of drug during the therapy. Lyapunov stability theory has been used to analyze the system’s asymptotic stability and convergence of the tumor cells to their desired reference. Simulations have been performed in ODE45-Solver of Matlab/Simulink which show that chemotherapy using proposed controllers is effective enough to get the desired objectives.