cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Balancing watershed nitrogen budgets: accounting for biogenic gases in streams

Denitrification is critical for removal of reactive nitrogen (Nr) from ecosystems. However, measuring realistic, scalable rates and understanding the role of denitrification and other dissimilatory processes in watershed nitrogen (N) budgets remains a significant challenge in biogeochemistry. In this study, we focused on the stream reach and network scale in three Mid-Atlantic coastal plain watersheds. We applied open channel methods to measure biogenic N2 and N2O gas fluxes derived from both in-stream and terrestrial nitrogen processing. A large portion of biogenic N2 flux through streams (33–100 %, mean = 74 %) was a result of groundwater delivery of biogenic N2 with the remaining portion due to in-stream N2 production. In contrast, N2O was largely produced in-stream, with groundwater delivery contributing on average 12 % of the total biogenic N2O flux. We scaled these measurements across one stream network and compared them to hydrologic Nr export and net anthropogenic N inputs (NANI) to a 4.8 km2 watershed. The N budget revealed that, during the study period, the biogenic N2 flux through streams was comparable to the difference between NANI and hydrologic Nr export (i.e. the “missing” N). This study provides a methodological and conceptual framework for incorporating terrestrial and in-stream derived biogenic N gas fluxes into watershed N budgets and supports the hypothesis that denitrification is the primary fate of NANI that is not exported in streamflow.
A Quantitative Comparison of Stimulus—Response Relationships of Vibrissa-Activated Neurons in Subnuclei Oralis and Interpolaris of the Rat's Trigeminal Sensory Complex: Receptive Field Properties and Threshold Distributions

Electrical activity of single vibrissa-activated neurons was recorded in pars interpolaris and pars oralis of the nucleus of the trigeminal spinal tract of rats. Stimuli consisted of quantitatively controlled deflections of individual mystacial vibrissae. The evoked spike trains were analyzed as point-process time series with a variety of quantitative procedures. Most second-order trigeminal neurons were directionally sensitive. About one-third of interpolaris neurons and over half of oralis neurons responded to axial push of the hair shaft. About half of the neurons of both oralis and interpolaris had receptive fields that included more than one vibrissa. The upper-quartile receptive field size of neurons of interpolaris was about half that of oralis, although the distributions overlapped. In interpolaris, almost one-fifth of the sample discharged in the absence of an intentionally applied stimulus; in oralis, over one-third of the sample displayed background activity. The ranges of angular displacement ...
Femininity as a barrier to positive sexual health for adolescent girls.

This article is a discussion of adolescent sexual health. It introduces a new model of female adolescent sexual health based on feminist principles and investigates the extent to which adolescent girls beliefs about femininity are associated with three specific elements of their sexual health. A total of 148 eighth-grade adolescent girls completed a survey with questions about sexual self-concept sexual agency and attitudes toward romance conventions femininity ideology and demographic background. Correlational and regression analyses were conducted. Moreover an illustrative case study is drawn from a subsample of 46 girls interviewed in depth about gender and relationships. Results showed that there is a statistically significant association found between early adolescent girls espousal of more conventional beliefs about femininity and diminished positive sexual health. Selections from an interview with a 13-year-old Latino girl are presented to illustrate the ways in which a girls femininity ideology interplays with her sexual health. Furthermore this study suggests that holding conventional beliefs regarding femininity is a barrier to positive sexual health for girls.
Advising at the Millennium: Advisor Satisfaction and Perceived Avenues to Enhancement

This is the third in a series of three articles in which the results of the NACADA Academic Advising Survey 2000 are presented. In this article, advisor satisfaction and suggested avenues for service and professional enhancement are reported. These factors are examined according to the type, mission, and size of the respondents' institutions. In addition, comparisons are made between faculty advisors and professional staff advisors, between advisors and academic administrators, between respondents from centralized and decentralized advising offices, and between advising offices located in academic units and administrative units.
Abstract 1628: Tumor cell specific inhibition of oncogenic Wnt signaling

Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the most frequent signaling abnormalities known in human cancer and contributes to both tumor initiation and tumor maintenance. In normal tissues, however, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays widespread and important roles in the regulation of stem cell behavior, differentiation, and homeostasis. Consequently, a challenge in developing strategies for antagonizing Wnt signaling in cancer will be to minimize harmful side-effects on normal tissues. In many human cancers the canonical Wnt pathway is activated by single base missense mutations in β-catenin located near N-terminal phosphorylation sites that control the protein9s stability. These mutant forms of β-catenin represent targets that are unique to cancer cells. We have screened RNAi reagents designed specifically to target individual mutant β-catenin sequences found in cancer cells while having minimal impact on wild-type β-catenin. We have used colorectal and hepatoma cell lines with defined β-catenin mutations for initial evaluation of the efficacy and specificity of knock-down, in conjunction with signaling assays based on nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and TCF-responsive reporter assays. We find that mutation-specific siRNA or shRNA reagents can be identified that substantially reduce β-catenin levels in cancer cells bearing the respective mutation, but have little or no effect on cells that are wild-type for β-catenin or which carry a different mutation. We also observe mutation-specific inhibitory effects on cell growth. These results provide encouragement for developing this strategy as a means of silencing oncogenic mutations in cancer while causing only minimal collateral damage to normal tissues. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1628.
Cluster Differentiating 36 (CD36) Deficiency Attenuates Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress in the Heart

Rationale Obesity is often associated with a state of oxidative stress and increased lipid deposition in the heart. More importantly, obesity increases lipid influx into the heart and induces excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cell toxicity and metabolic dysfunction. Cluster differentiating 36 (CD36) protein is highly expressed in the heart and regulates lipid utilization but its role in obesity-associated oxidative stress is still not clear. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the impact of CD36 deficiency on cardiac steatosis, oxidative stress and lipotoxicity associated with obesity. Methods and Results Studies were conducted in control (Lean), obese leptin-deficient (Lepob/ob) and leptin-CD36 double null (Lepob/obCD36-/-) mice. Compared to lean mice, cardiac steatosis, and fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation were increased in Lepob/ob mice, while glucose uptake and oxidation was reduced. Moreover, insulin resistance, oxidative stress markers and NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production were markedly enhanced. This was associated with the induction of NADPH oxidase expression, and increased membrane-associated p47phox, p67phox and protein kinase C. Silencing CD36 in Lepob/ob mice prevented cardiac steatosis, increased insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, but reduced FA uptake and oxidation. Moreover, CD36 deficiency reduced NADPH oxidase activity and decreased NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. In isolated cardiomyocytes, CD36 deficiency reduced palmitate-induced ROS production and normalized NADPH oxidase activity. Conclusions CD36 deficiency prevented obesity-associated cardiac steatosis and insulin resistance, and reduced NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. The study demonstrates that CD36 regulates NADPH oxidase activity and mediates FA-induced oxidative stress.
Optimizing Treatment of Complicated Grief: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance To our knowledge, this is the first placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of antidepressant pharmacotherapy, with and without complicated grief psychotherapy, in the treatment of complicated grief. Objective To confirm the efficacy of a targeted complicated grief treatment (CGT), determine whether citalopram (CIT) enhances CGT outcome, and examine CIT efficacy without CGT. Design, Setting, and Participants Included in the study were 395 bereaved adults who met criteria for CG recruited from March 2010 to September 2014 from academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts; New York, New York; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and San Diego, California. Co-occurring substance abuse, psychosis, mania, and cognitive impairment were exclusionary. Study participants were randomized using site-specific permuted blocks stratified by major depression into groups prescribed CIT (n = 101), placebo (PLA; n = 99), CGT with CIT (n = 99), and CGT with PLA (n = 96). Independent evaluators conducted monthly assessments for 20 weeks. Response rates were compared under the intention-to-treat principle, including all randomized participants in a logistic regression with inverse probability weighting. Interventions All participants received protocolized pharmacotherapy optimized by flexible dosing, psychoeducation, grief monitoring, and encouragement to engage in activities. Half were also randomized to receive manualized CGT in 16 concurrent weekly sessions. Main Outcomes and Measures Complicated grief–anchored Clinical Global Impression scale measurments every 4 weeks. Response was measured as a rating of “much improved” or “very much improved.” Results Of the 395 study participants, 308 (78.0%) were female and 325 (82.3%) were white. Participants’ response to CGT with PLA vs PLA (82.5% vs 54.8%; relative risk [RR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.16-1.95; P = .002; number needed to treat [NNT], 3.6) suggested the efficacy of CGT, and the addition of CIT did not significantly improve CGT outcome (CGT with CIT vs CGT with PLA: 83.7% vs 82.5%; RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.17; P = .84; NNT, 84). However, depressive symptoms decreased significantly more when CIT was added to treatment (CGT with CIT vs CGT with PLA: model-based adjusted mean [standard error] difference, −2.06 [1.00]; 95% CI, −4.02 to −0.11; P = .04). By contrast, adding CGT improved CIT outcome (CIT vs CGT with CIT: 69.3% vs 83.7%; RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.46; P = .05; NNT, 6.9). Last, participant response to CIT was not significantly different from PLA at week 12 (45.9% vs 37.9%; RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.82-1.81; P = .35; NNT, 12.4) or at week 20 (69.3% vs 54.8%; RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.95-1.68; P = .11; NNT, 6.9). Rates of suicidal ideation diminished to a substantially greater extent among participants receiving CGT than among those who did not. Conclusions and Relevance Complicated grief treatment is the treatment of choice for CG, and the addition of CIT optimizes the treatment of co-occurring depressive symptoms. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01179568
Mapping the Walk of Shame: Incorporating Emotions into Concepts and Methods

This article expands the concept of sexual scripts and the cognitive mapping method by adding an emotional dimension to both. It is based on a case study of college students reporting their experie...
Monoclonal Immunoglobulins of Alpha-2 Mobility on Protein Electrophoresis: A Case Series.

Abstract Protein electrophoresis (PEP) separates proteins based on mobility through support media such as agarose into five general regions: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma. Monoclonal and polyclonal immunoglobulins typically migrate in the gamma or beta regions. Between April 1990 and July 2007 at Columbia University Medical Center, we identified and then retrospectively reviewed 15 patients with monoclonal proteins of alpha-2 mobility repeatedly on serum PEP (see figure). Immunofixation identified the paraprotein as IgA kappa in 7 patients, IgA lambda in 2, IgG lambda in 2, free kappa light chain in 4, free lambda light chain in 2, and one IgG lambda. In the urine, of the 14 patients who had PEP performed, 6 patients had serum concordant light chains (5 kappa and 1 lambda) also migrating in the alpha 2 region, however, for 5 other patients migration was either in the beta or gamma regions. Published case reports of monoclonal proteins with atypical mobility patterns are reviewed. The median age of our patients was 66 years and there were 9 males. 10 patients had multiple myeloma, 5 had monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 1 had lambda AL amyloidosis. This is the largest case series ever described of patients with monoclonal proteins migrating in alpha 2 region and illustrates the importance of immunofixation in screening patients for plasma cell dyscrasias. Possible explanations for this unusual migration pattern include protein complex formation with other plasma components, high carbohydrate content, or given the IgA predominance noted, properties of the IgA immunoglobulin such as polymerization. Download : Download high-res image (102KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure
A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Counseling Students Who Participate in Mindfulness-Based Activities in a Counseling Theory and Practice Course

This study explored the lived experiences of two cohorts of counselors in training (CITs) who experienced mindfulness-based activities in a counseling theory and practice course. Utilizing Merriam’s Interpretive Qualitative Approach (Merriam 1988, 2002), the data suggested that students perceived the activities to have enhanced their experiences as students and development as counselors. Implications for improving counselor preparation are considered.
Abstract 2991: Detection of gene rearrangements using OncoPanel: a targeted next-generation sequencing assay

Identification of structural gene rearrangements is vital for cancer patients as these events can provide definitive diagnoses, prognostic value, and influence the course of treatment. While FISH, karyotype analysis and aCGH array have traditionally been used to identify and confirm the presence of structural variants, the advent of next generation sequencing has enabled genetic testing including detection of multiple structural variants (SVs) from genomic DNA. To this end, we have developed and validated Oncopanel, a cancer-specific targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed to detect SNVs, indels, and copy number alterations across 300 genes, and 35 clinically actionable or informative SVs. Each rearrangement was specifically targeted by baiting genomic locations frequently identified to contain breakpoints reported in the literature and publicly available databases. Using BreaKmer, an internally developed SV detection tool (Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Nov 26, doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1211), rearrangements, including the exact breakpoint coordinates and the genes involved in or adjacent to the breakpoint(s), were identified. Here we examine the utility of Oncopanel using genomic DNA to identify structural variants. We report the results of 3,291 cancer patients tested in our personalized cancer medicine program (Profile), a joint venture between Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women9s Hospital, and Boston Children9s Hospital. As compared to conventional cytogenetics, FISH analysis, and molecular detection by PCR methods, Oncopanel9s overall sensitivity and specificity for SVs was 81.4% and 100%, respectively. Most discordant results were identified in (1) tumors with SVs involving the IGH enhancer regions (60% of discordant results), or (2) in samples with In conclusion, we find that Oncopanel has utility to detect structural variants with a sensitivity of 92%, barring detection of rearrangements involving IGH, and a specificity of 100%. Based on the baiting strategy, detection of many rearrangements can also be interrogated in parallel with SNV, indel and CNV detection resulting in reduced sample input requirements and the inclusion of precise information regarding the breakpoints and the class of rearrangement identified. Citation Format: Elizabeth P. Garcia, Azra H. Ligon, Ryan P. Abo, Paola S. Dal Cin, Stanislawa Weremowicz, Priyanka Shivdasani, Phani K. Davineni, Dimity L. Zepf, Matthew D. Ducar, Paul Van Hummelen, Yonghui Jia, Frank C. Kuo, Lynette M. Sholl, Laura E. MacConaill, Neal I. Lindeman. Detection of gene rearrangements using OncoPanel: a targeted next-generation sequencing assay. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2991. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2991
In vitro and in vivo activity of biapenem against drug-susceptible and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Background Biapenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, has been shown to have synergistic bactericidal anti-TB activity when combined with rifampicin both in vitro and in the mouse model of TB chemotherapy. We hypothesized that this synergy would result in biapenem/rifampicin activity against rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the synergy of biapenem/rifampicin against both low- and high-level rifampicin-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis , in vitro and in the mouse model. Methods Biapenem/rifampicin activity was evaluated using three strains of M. tuberculosis : strain 115R (low-level rifampicin resistance); strain 124R (high-level rifampicin resistance); and the drug-susceptible H37Rv parent strain. Biapenem/rifampicin synergy was evaluated in vitro by chequerboard titration. In vivo , we first conducted a dose-ranging experiment with biapenem against H37Rv in the mouse model. We then evaluated biapenem/rifampicin activity in mice infected with each M. tuberculosis strain. Results In vitro , synergy was observed between biapenem and rifampicin against H37Rv and strain 115R. In vivo , biapenem exhibited clear dose-dependent activity against H37Rv, with all biapenem doses as active or more active than rifampicin alone. Biapenem and rifampicin had synergistic bactericidal activity against H37Rv in the mouse model; no synergy was observed in mice infected with either of the rifampicin-resistant strains. Biapenem alone was active against all three strains. Conclusions Our preclinical experiments indicate that biapenem has potential for use as an anti-TB drug, including for use against rifampicin-resistant TB. Thus, biapenem has promise for repurposing as a 'new' - and desperately needed - drug for the treatment of drug-resistant TB.
Comparison of two-dimensional strain analysis using vendor-independent and vendor-specific software in adult and pediatric patients:

IntroductionTwo-dimensional strain analysis is a powerful analysis modality, however, clinical utilization has been limited by variability between different analysis systems and operators. We compa...
Clinical features and treatment outcomes in large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL).

AbstractLarge granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) represents a clonal/oligoclonal lymphoproliferation of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells often associated with STAT3 mutations. When symptomatic, due to mostly anemia and neutropenia, therapy choices are often empirically-based, because only few clinical trials and systematic studies have been performed. Incorporating new molecular and flow cytometry parameters, we identified 204 patients fulfilling uniform criteria for LGLL diagnoses and analyzed clinical course with median follow-up of 36 months, including responses to treatments. While selection of initial treatment was dictated by clinical features, the initial responses, as well as overall responses to methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine (CsA), and cyclophosphamide (CTX), were similar at 40–50% across drugs. Sequential use of these drugs resulted in responses in most cases: only 10–20% required salvage therapies such as ATG, Campath, tofacitinib, splenectomy or abatacept. MTX yielded the most durable...
Epidemiology of Lung Disease in Older Persons

Older persons frequently report respiratory risk factors and symptoms and have a high prevalence of symptomatic lung disease, most commonly obstructive airway disease, interstitial lung disease, and lung cancer. Notably, coexisting nonrespiratory risk factors are also prevalent and may misidentify or modify respiratory diagnoses and their clinical course.
Perspectives on Complexity, Its Definition and Applications in the Field

There is considerable variation in the dynamical literature in how the term ‘complexity’ is used. While there have been several attempts to describe from an educational perspective what complexity encompasses, the term is frequently used without an explicit definition. To forge a shared understanding of what complexity means, the purpose of this article is to define the term for the field in a way that acknowledges the variety of use that is encountered in the education. Four perspectives on complexity are offered: 1) Information theory, 2) Cybernetics and general systems theory, 3) The use of complexity to describe scenarios of transformation and 4) Complexity as a metatheory. The implications of each of these four conceptualizations for educational research and practice are discussed.
Automatic quantitative analysis of spontaneous aphasic speech

Abstract Spontaneous speech analysis plays an important role in the study and treatment of aphasia, but can be difficult to perform manually due to the time consuming nature of speech transcription and coding. Techniques in automatic speech recognition and assessment can potentially alleviate this problem by allowing clinicians to quickly process large amount of speech data. However, automatic analysis of spontaneous aphasic speech has been relatively under-explored in the engineering literature, partly due to the limited amount of available data and difficulties associated with aphasic speech processing. In this work, we perform one of the first large-scale quantitative analysis of spontaneous aphasic speech based on automatic speech recognition (ASR) output. We describe our acoustic modeling method that sets a new recognition benchmark on AphasiaBank, a large-scale aphasic speech corpus. We propose a set of clinically-relevant quantitative measures that are shown to be highly robust to automatic transcription errors. Finally, we demonstrate that these measures can be used to accurately predict the revised Western Aphasia Battery (WAB-R) Aphasia Quotient (AQ) without the need for manual transcripts. The results and techniques presented in our work will help advance the state-of-the-art in aphasic speech processing and make ASR-based technology for aphasia treatment more feasible in real-world clinical applications.
Role of Capsaicin in Cancer Prevention

One of the aims of current cancer prevention research is to find non-toxic agents that can prevent and /or suppress the growth of cancer cells. In this regard, capsaicin, a main constituent of hot chili peppers, has garnered a great deal of attention as a chemo-preventive agent against cancer. In this book chapter capsaicin is discussed as a potent anti-cancer agent in different models, including pancreatic, prostate, lung, breast, colon, brain, hepatic, bladder, skin and stomach cancers. Investigators have shown that the anti-cancer effect of capsaicin results from modulation of key signaling molecules in major signaling pathways such as stress, cell cycle, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER-stress. Furthermore, capsaicin has proven effective in vivo in the animal models of various types of cancer. Overall findings on capsaicin suggest that capsaicin is a promising agent for the treatment of various types of cancer that nonetheless requires further clinical studies. This chapter focuses on the chemo-preventive efficacy of capsaicin in various types of cancer models.
Abstract 17189: Indications and Adverse Effects of Statin Therapy in Children: A Retrospective Electronic Medical Record Review

Introduction: Statins are the most commonly prescribed medications for primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease and stroke. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) ranging from common myalgia to rhabdomyolysis with renal failure can occur. The indications for statin therapy and prevalence of statin ADRs in pediatrics have not been well described. Hypothesis: Statin ADRs occur less commonly in pediatric patients than in adults. Methods: Using electronic medical record (EMR) data, we abstracted charts of young subjects for whom statins were prescribed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We included 276 subjects with statin therapy initiated ≤21 years. Each record was reviewed manually for therapy indication, age at initiation, drug, dose(s), and reports of ADRs. Results: The most common indication for statin prescription in children was hypercholesterolemia, followed by renal disease, type 1 diabetes, and heart transplant. Only 10/276 (3.6%) subjects reported ADR to statins leading to a therapeutic change, lower than the 10-25% estimates from observational studies in adults. No pediatric patients were identified with rhabdomyolysis. Conclusions: ADRs during statin therapy in young patients are infrequent, mostly characterized by mild skeletal muscle symptoms, and rarely result in a change to statin therapy. The risk-to-benefit evaluation of using statin therapy in pediatrics with diverse indications appears favorable with regard to the incidence of skeletal muscle symptoms. However, our analysis does not address other concerns such as hormonal signaling in adolescent patients during times of rapid growth and pubertal development.
The electrochemical characteristics of VSe2 in lithium cells

Abstract Vanadium diselenide has been found to react in a reversible manner with lithium in electrochemical cells. The rate of reaction was very rapid, comparable with that of titanium disulfide. The partial molar free energy of reaction was found to be almost independent of composition for x ≤ 1 in Li x VSe 2 . A second lithium was incorporated into the lattice but only at cell emf's of around 1.3 volts, 0.7 volts lower than for the first lithium.
Clinical Reasoning: A 17-year-old baseball player with right hand weakness.

A healthy 17-year-old baseball player presented with a 2-year history of right elbow pain and hand weakness. He first noticed pain on the lateral aspect of his right elbow exacerbated by movement and heavy lifting. Following a 4-month period of rest and physical therapy, he resumed playing baseball. Shortly thereafter, he developed the same right elbow pain, but also felt that his right grip was getting progressively weaker. With repetitive flexion at the elbow, he would feel a “snap” that caused tingling down his forearm. His right hand felt cooler than his left and his grip strength seemed weaker when in cold weather. He otherwise denied neck pain, bowel/bladder dysfunction, fasciculations, and cramps. He did not notice any weakness or sensory change in his other extremities. There was no antecedent trauma, infection, or vaccination. He did not take medications or use illegal substances. Family history was unremarkable. His neurologic examination revealed intact cranial nerves. His tone and bulk were normal except for mild atrophy of his right hypothenar eminence and the ulnar side of his distal forearm (figure 1), which is known as the reverse split hand sign.1 Passive flexion of the right elbow caused tingling down his forearm. Finger adduction in addition to fifth digit flexion and abduction were 4/5. There were no fasciculations. His reflexes were 2+ throughout. There was no sensory disturbance in either hand. The remainder of his examination including gait and coordination were normal.
Association between maternal serious mental illness and adverse birth outcomes.

To evaluate the contribution of serious mental illness (SMI) and specific risk factors (comorbidities and substance use) to the risk of adverse birth outcomes. This cross-sectional study uses maternal delivery records in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide/National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) to estimate risk factor prevalence and relative risk of adverse birth outcomes (e.g., preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal distress) in women with SMI. The relative risk of adverse gestational (1.15, 95% CI: 1.13–1.17), obstetric (1.07, 1.06–1.08), and fetal (1.24, 1.21–1.26) outcomes is increased for women with SMI. After adjusting for risk factors, the risk is significantly reduced but remains elevated for all three adverse outcome categories (gestational: 1.08, 1.06–1.09; obstetric: 1.03, 1.02–1.05; fetal: 1.12, 1.09–1.14). Maternal serious mental illness is independently associated with increased risk for adverse birth outcomes. However, approximately half of the excess risk is attributable to comorbidities and substance use.
Genistein combined with FOLFOX or FOLFOX–Bevacizumab for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: phase I/II pilot study

Epidemiologic and preclinical data suggest isoflavones have anticancer activity in colorectal malignancy prevention and treatment. This is the first clinical trial assessing safety and tolerability of Genistein in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients who had histologically confirmed metastatic colorectal cancer and had not received previous treatment were eligible to enroll. Subjects were treated with FOLFOX or FOLFOX–Bevacizumab as per the investigator choice. Genistein was administered orally for 7 days every 2 weeks, beginning 4 days prior to chemotherapy and continuing through days 1–3 of infusional chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was safety and secondary endpoints included cycle 6 response rate, best overall response rate (BOR), and median progression-free survival (PFS). Thirteen patients received chemotherapy with Genistein in this trial. The most common adverse events related to Genistein alone were mild and included headaches, nausea, and hot flashes. One subject was observed to have grade 3 hypertension. No increase in chemotherapy-related adverse events was observed when Genistein was added. BOR and median PFS were 61.5% and 11.5 months, respectively. We observed that adding Genistein to FOLFOX or FOLFOX–Bevacizumab was safe and tolerable. Efficacy results are notable and warrant verification in larger clinical trials. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01985763.
Copy number assessment in the genomic analysis of CNS neoplasia: An evidence-based review from the cancer genomics consortium (CGC) working group on primary CNS tumors.

Abstract The period from the 1990s to the 2010s has witnessed a burgeoning sea change in the practice of surgical neuropathology due to the incorporation of genomic data into the assessment of a range of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. This change has since matured into the adoption of genomic information into the definition of several World Health Organization (WHO)-established diagnostic entities. The data needed to accomplish the modern diagnosis of CNS neoplasia includes DNA copy number aberrations that may be assessed through a variety of mechanisms. Through a review of the relevant literature and professional practice guidelines, here we provide a condensed and scored overview of the most critical DNA copy number aberrations to assess for a selection of primary CNS neoplasms.
Compressive Behavior of Unidirectional Fibrous Composites

The longitudinal compressive behavior of unidirectional fiber composites was investigated by using the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (IITRI) test method with thick and thin test specimens. The test data obtained are interpreted by means of stress/strain curves from back-to-back strain gages, examination of fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscope, and predictive equations for distinct failure modes including fiber compression failure. Euler buckling, delamination, and flexure. The results show that longitudinal compressive fracture is induced by a combination of delamination, flexure, and fiber tier breaks. No distinct fracture surface characteristics can be associated with unique failure modes. An equation is described that can be used to extract the longitudinal compressive strength from the longitudinal tensile and flexural strengths of the same composite system.
Pomeron-exchange and exclusive electroproduction of rho-mesons in QCD

A Pomeron-exchange model of exclusive electroproduction of $\rho$-mesons is examined using a dressed-quark propagator. It is shown that by representing the photon-$\rho$-meson-Pomeron coupling by a nonperturbative, confined-quark loop, one obtains predictions for $\rho$-meson electroproduction that are in good agreement with experiment.
Viscosity-temperature relation based on the evolution of medium-range structures of silica

Abstract The viscosity of glass is the most important technological property to glass manufactures and various applications. Practically, finding an accurate equation to express the glass viscosity behavior in the entire glass transition temperature range is tremendously challenge because it spans more than ten orders of magnitude. After a brief review of existing empirical viscosity equations, this work focuses on the correlating silica viscosity behavior with the evolution of glass medium-range structure, based on the recently proposed nanoflake model. From this new model, a new equation is constructed, which correctly describes the Arrhenius-type behavior of silica viscosity η above the melting temperature Tm, and non-Arrhenius-type behavior from Tm to a critical temperature Tc. At temperature lower than Tc, the equation predicts Arrhenius-type behavior again for the viscous flow with increased activation energy. The new equation agrees with experimental data in the entire temperature spanned from extremely high to extremely low. The application of the new equation is shown to extend to sodium silicate glasses as well.
Safety and Outcomes of Prolonged Usual Care Prone Position Mechanical Ventilation to Treat Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

OBJECTIVES: Prone position ventilation is a potentially life-saving ancillary intervention but is not widely adopted for coronavirus disease 2019 or acute respiratory distress syndrome from other causes. Implementation of lung-protective ventilation including prone positioning for coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome is limited by isolation precautions and personal protective equipment scarcity. We sought to determine the safety and associated clinical outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with prolonged prone position ventilation without daily repositioning. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study. SETTING: Community academic medical ICU. PATIENTS: Sequential mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome. INTERVENTIONS: Lung-protective ventilation and prolonged protocolized prone position ventilation without daily supine repositioning. Supine repositioning was performed only when Fio2 less than 60% with positive end-expiratory pressure less than 10 cm H2O for greater than or equal to 4 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Primary safety outcome: proportion with pressure wounds by Grades (0-4). Secondary outcomes: hospital survival, length of stay, rates of facial and limb edema, hospital-acquired infections, device displacement, and measures of lung mechanics and oxygenation. Eighty-seven coronavirus disease 2019 patients were mechanically ventilated. Sixty-one were treated with prone position ventilation, whereas 26 did not meet criteria. Forty-two survived (68.9%). Median (interquartile range) time from intubation to prone position ventilation was 0.28 d (0.11-0.80 d). Total prone position ventilation duration was 4.87 d (2.08-9.97 d). Prone position ventilation was applied for 30.3% (18.2-42.2%) of the first 28 days. Pao2:Fio2 diverged significantly by day 3 between survivors 147 (108-164) and nonsurvivors 107 (85-146), mean difference -9.632 (95% CI, -48.3 to 0.0; p = 0·05). Age, driving pressure, day 1, and day 3 Pao2:Fio2 were predictive of time to death. Thirty-eight (71.7%) developed ventral pressure wounds that were associated with prone position ventilation duration and day 3 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Limb weakness occurred in 58 (95.1%) with brachial plexus palsies in five (8.2%). Hospital-acquired infections other than central line-associated blood stream infections were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged prone position ventilation was feasible and relatively safe with implications for wider adoption in treating critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome of other etiologies.
Combining perfusion and angiography with a low-dose cardiac CT technique: a preliminary investigation in a swine model.

Morphological and physiological assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) is necessary for proper stratification of CAD risk. The objective was to evaluate a low-dose cardiac CT technique that combines morphological and physiological assessment of CAD. The low-dose technique was evaluated in twelve swine, where three of the twelve had coronary balloon stenosis. The technique consisted of rest perfusion measurement combined with angiography followed by stress perfusion measurement, where the ratio of stress to rest was used to derive coronary flow reserve (CFR). The technique only required two volume scans for perfusion measurement in mL/min/g; hence, four volume scans were acquired in total; two for rest with angiography and two for stress. All rest, stress, and CFR measurements were compared to a previously validated reference technique that employed 20 consecutive volume scans for rest perfusion measurement combined with angiography, and stress perfusion measurement, respectively. The 32 cm diameter volumetric CT dose index ([Formula: see text]) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) of the low-dose technique were also recorded. All low-dose perfusion measurements (PLOW) in mL/min/g were related to reference perfusion measurements (PREF) through regression by PLOW = 1.04 PREF - 0.08 (r = 0.94, RMSE = 0.32 mL/min/g). The [Formula: see text] and SSDE of the low-dose cardiac CT technique were 8.05 mGy and 12.80 mGy respectively, corresponding to an estimated effective dose and size-specific effective dose of 1.8 and 2.87 mSv, respectively. Combined morphological and physiological assessment of coronary artery disease is feasible using a low-dose cardiac CT technique.
Local Anesthetics and Vasoconstrictors

Summary Local anesthetic agents are the most commonly used drugs in dental and oral surgical practice. Their introduction has revolutionized the practice of dentistry and allowed for a safer, more pain-free dental surgical experience. They have allowed the oral surgeon to develop techniques of deep sedation and ultra-light general anesthesia. Because surgical stimulation can be kept to a minimum, the use of more potent general anesthetic agents is frequently unnecessary. In the future, other agents may be added to local anesthetic solutions to help manage postoperative pain in the same effective manner as intraoperative pain is currently controlled.
Severe maternal morbidity associated with cerclage use in pregnancy.

To quantify the frequency of serious maternal complications associated with cerclage use during pregnancy.We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study of all live births in Ohio from ...
Medical Respite Programs for People who Experience Homelessness.

A gap analysis was completed during my internship with the Delaware Academy of Medicine/Delaware Public Health Association (Academy/DPHA). During the gap analysis it was discovered there were no medical respite programs in Delaware for people who experience homelessness. This gap was chosen because there are outcomes via program intervention that show a decrease in hospital admissions, inpatient days, decrease in hospital costs, outpatient visits and increase social services for homeless individuals. A medical respite program for people who experience homelessness aligns with the Academy/DPHA mission because one focus of the organization is community health planning and policy development.1 Utilizing a homeless medical respite program will allow people who experience homelessness in Delaware to have a safe place to recover from a hospital stay.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in cardiovascular computed tomography

Computed tomography (CT) is emerging as a prominent diagnostic modality in the field of cardiovascular imaging. Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant strides in the field of information technology, the commercial industry, and health care. Machine learning (ML), a branch of AI, can optimize the performance of CT and augment the assessment of coronary artery disease. These ML platforms can automate multiple tasks, perform calculations, and integrate information from a variety of data sources. In this review article, we explore the ML in CT imaging.
Optimizing Safety in a Radiation Oncology Department Through Improving Timeliness of Treatment Planning Care Path.

Purpose/Objective(s) The process of radiation treatment planning is a critical component in the overall quality of radiation treatment. Inherent to patient safety is a stream-lined treatment planning workflow that allows all stake-holders an adequate amount of time to complete treatment planning tasks. At our multi-site academic radiation oncology program, overdue treatment planning tasks resulted in rushed dosimetry, physics, and therapist plan checks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existing treatment planning workflows, develop adequate timelines for each team member based on planning complexity, create hard stops at each point of hand off within treatment planning, and develop a method for tracking specific timeliness to improve quality and safety. Materials/Methods Data was collected on the percentage of overdue contours and plan approvals, which were tasks assigned to radiation oncologists within the facility's patient information system. Previous treatment planning workflows were 5 days or less. The time allotment for each physician, dosimetry, physics, and therapist group to complete their assigned tasks was changed based on creating an optimized workflow with designated workflows for 5-, 7- and 10-day time periods from simulation to treatment start. Workflows were created in the patient information system to reflect these changes. A "hard stop" was implemented such that a patient's start date was rescheduled if a task was not completed within 2 hours of its due date. The data was then collected on total number of overdue contours and plan approvals after this new workflow was introduced. Results From 2018-2019 with the previous 5-day workflows, data was collected on a total of 1051 patients. The average number of overdue treatment planning tasks per month was 39.4% of physician contours and 41.3% of physician plan approvals. An optimized workflow with 5, 7 and 10 days was introduced in November 2020. For the first 3 months of this new workflow, data was captured on 512 patients. The data reflected improvement of timeliness with only 21% of contours and plan approvals overdue during this time. Conclusion An optimized workflow utilizing the patient information system and delaying treatment starts, if tasks are overdue, has significantly reduced the team burden of overdue tasks within a multi-site academic radiation oncology center. This workflow could be easily applied to other centers and is a cost-effective approach to improving patient safety and workflow efficiency.
Determination of ferrous iron in non-refractory silicate minerals

Abstract Peters' oxidimetric vanadate method for the determination of Fe(II) in silicate minerals was investigated to see if improvements could be made in the accuracy, precision and speed of the analysis. Specific attention was given to the composition of the acid matrix used to dissolve the samples, incubation temperature and period, composition of the acid matrix during the titration step, titration endpoint indicator, calibration of Fe(II) standard, the manner of adding and quantifying the amounts of oxidimetric reagents, and potential interferences. As a result of the investigation, several improvements were made in the method, notably, sample dissolution at 60°C for 4 hr., gravimetric addition of redox reagents, a sharper titration endpoint, and use of the same container for the entire process. Application of the improved method to the analysis of Fe(II) in 5 geochemical reference samples (BCR-1, G-2, PCC-1, MICA-Fe and MICA-Mg) and 3 mica samples yielded very precise results (S.D. 0.01–0.04% FeO) and very good agreement with reference values.
Network Routing Algorithms

The sections in this article are 1 Types of Routing Algorithms 2 Routing Algorithms 3 Shortest Path Algorithms 4 Minimum Weight Spanning Tree Algorithms 5 Examples of Routing Algorithms Used In Practice 6 Deadlocks and Deadlock Avoidance
Venezuela's Chavismo and Populism in Comparative Perspective

1. Introduction 2. Chavismo, populism, and democracy 3. Measuring the populist discourse of Chavismo 4. Party system breakdown and the rise of Chavismo 5. The causes of populism in comparative perspective 6. Populist organization: the Bolivarian circles in Venezuela 7. Populist policy: the missions of the Chavez government 8. Conclusion Appendix A: the populist speech rubric Appendix B: test of the sampling technique Appendix C: test of interaction effects.
Development of Pressurized Water Reactor Integrated Safety Analysis Methodology Using Multilevel Coupling Algorithm

The subchannel code COBRA-TF has been introduced for an evaluation of thermal margins on the local pin-by-pin level in a pressurized water reactor. The coupling of COBRA-TF with TRAC-PF1/NEM is performed by providing from TRAC to COBRA-TF axial and radial thermal-hydraulic boundary conditions and relative pin-power profiles, obtained with the pin power reconstruction model of the nodal expansion method (NEM). An efficient algorithm for coupling of the subchannel code COBRA-TF with TRAC-PF1/NEM in the parallel virtual machine environment was developed addressing the issues of time synchronization, data exchange, spatial overlays, and coupled convergence. Local feedback modeling on the pin level was implemented into COBRA-TF, which enabled updating the local form functions and the recalculation of the pin powers in TRAC-PF1/NEM after obtaining the local feedback parameters. The coupled TRAC-PF1/NEM/COBRA-TF code system was tested on the rod ejection accident and main steam line break benchmark problems. In both problems, the local results are closer than before the introduced multilevel coupling to the corresponding critical limits. This fact indicates that the assembly average results tend to underestimate the accident consequences in terms of local safety margins. The capability of local safety evaluation, performed simultaneously (online) with coupled global three-dimensional neutron kinetics/thermal-hydraulic calculations,more » is introduced and tested. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of the current work.« less