cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating different carriers of Metarhizium brunneum F52 microsclerotia for control of adult Asian longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ABSTRACTMicrosclerotia (MS) of Metarhizium brunneum strain F52 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were processed as granules using three carriers: kaolin clay, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), or diatomaceous earth (DE). In a series of experiments aimed at comparing viable conidial production, each MS carrier type was hydrated using a decreasing range of water activities on glycerol or polyethylene glycol (PEG200)-amended media. Conidial density and percent germination of conidia declined significantly as water activity was lowered. All three carrier types produced >2–6 × 109 viable conidia/gram at higher water activities (аw >0.987) but were still capable of producing 2.9 × 107 ± 1.6 × 106 conidia/g (30% glycerol аw = 0.883) and 1.9 × 107 ± 6.5 × 106 conidia/g (30% PEG200 аw = 0.924) at the lowest tested water activities. MS carrier types were sprayed onto 0.4 m length logs with or without hydromulch formulation. The median survival times of Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Ce...
Dynamical Systems and Irrational Angle Construction by Paper-Folding

In Variations on a theme in paper folding, Burkard Polster [6] discusses an itera tive construction due to Hilton and Pedersen [3] for approximating any acute rational angle (rational multiple of n radians) to any desired accuracy by folding a strip of paper. Hilton and Pedersen, motivated by the construction of regular polygons and star-polygons, focus on the construction of rational angles. The construction employs a periodic sequence composed of two types of folding moves, guided by number theoretic properties of the angle's fractional representation (in fact, analysis of the construction yields new results in number theory?see [4], [1], and [2]). This note generalizes this construction to any acute angle, rational or irrational. For irrational angles, the number-theoretic prescription must obviously be replaced by something new; we show how to derive the appropriate aperiodic sequence of folding moves, via a connection between the folding construction and a simple dynamical system. Hilton and Pedersen's construction recursively generates a sequence of angles a0, otx, ... by a pair of folding operations on a strip of paper which we term Folds and Switchfolds. The angles ak appear between an edge of the strip and a crease created by folding. The Fold operation generates ak+x by bisecting ak (Figure 1):
Adjusting preweaning pig weights to a standard age.

Quadratic regression equations were fitted to preweaning weight records for 3,587 Duroc and Yorkshire pigs in 533 litters farrowed in the spring and fall from 1974 through 1978 at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The objective was to derive factors for adjusting pig and litter weights to uniform ages for use in evaluating sow productivity. Only records for litters with at least two boar and two gilt pigs alive at weaning at 42 d of age were included. Records for up to four healthy pigs of each sex in each litter were used. Pig weights were recorded shortly after birth at approximately 21 and 42 d of age. Actual weights were transformed to natural logarithms prior to analysis. Quadratic regression equations were fitted for each of the 1,066 litter-sex subgroups. The computed least-squares mean and linear and quadratic regression coefficients from all subgroups were analyzed with a model that included effects of years, seasons, breeds, sex and all interactions. On the basis of significant season and year x season x breed interaction effects, the quadratic coefficient was required for a good fit of the equation to the data. The equation Y = .2127 + .07545 (days of age)--.000558 (days of age)2, where Y = estimated pig weight in natural logarithms, was then used to calculate multiplicative factors for adjusting preweaning pig and litter weights to ages of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 d.
Open Ended Question v. Rating Scale: An Empirical Comparison

A major problem for market researchers is determining which scale to use in any given situation. While there has been many studies different types of rating scales, very little work has been done on open-ended questions. This research attempts to alleviate this void by comparing open ended questions with rating scales in terms of leniency, variance, and percentage of unanswered items.
Selection into Occupations and the Intergenerational Mobility of Daughters and Sons

Abstract This paper documents how gender differences in occupational status (defined by earnings, education, and returns to skills) have evolved over time and across generations. The paper finds a persistent gender earnings gap, a reversal of the education gap, and a convergence in starting salaries and returns to experience. Divergent occupational choices might explain part of the persistent gender gaps and women’s failure to reach parity with men in the earnings distribution. Women choose more flexible jobs than men. But whereas men dominate women in high-powered occupations, they are also more likely to be in low-skilled low-pay occupations. Differential effects of children and time spent keeping house explain most of the gender gap in high-powered occupations but cannot explain fully why women choose more flexible occupations.
The Sacred Mountain Shiveet Khairkhan (Bayan Ölgiy aimag, Mongolia) and the Centering of Cultural Indicators in the Age of Nomadic Pastoralism

Located in the upper valley of Tsagaan Gol, in northwestern Mongolia's Altai Mountains, the sacred mountain Shiveet Khairkhan is surrounded by archaeological monuments extending in time from the Br...
Understanding the Intersection of Young Age, Mucosal Injury, and HIV Susceptibility

Adolescent boys and girls are disproportionately affected in the current HIV epidemic. Numerous sociobehavioral studies have addressed the indirect drivers surrounding this vulnerability-for example, socioeconomic, geographical locale, and all forms of violence. However, the direct factors that may influence infection, such as the anatomical and physiological maturation of the anogenital tracts of adolescents or the trauma and wound-healing processes of injured mucosal tissue, are understudied and represent a gap within the HIV prevention field. This article reviews the epidemiology of HIV infection and violence in adolescents and the available basic science knowledge attending this research area. More importantly, this review highlights the most critical gaps that need to be addressed to design preventive interventions that are safe and effective for this population, which is key to ending the HIV pandemic.
Long-Term Quercetin Dietary Enrichment Partially Protects Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results from a genetic lesion in the dystrophin gene and leads to progressive muscle damage. PGC-1α pathway activation improves muscle function and decreases histopathological injury. We hypothesized that mild disease found in the limb muscles of mdx mice may be responsive to quercetin-mediated protection of dystrophic muscle via PGC-1α pathway activation. To test this hypothesis muscle function was measured in the soleus and EDL from 14 month old C57, mdx, and mdx mice treated with quercetin (mdxQ; 0.2% dietary enrichment) for 12 months. Quercetin reversed 50% of disease-related losses in specific tension and partially preserved fatigue resistance in the soleus. Specific tension and resistance to contraction-induced injury in the EDL were not protected by quercetin. Given some functional gain in the soleus it was probed with histological and biochemical approaches, however, in dystrophic muscle histopathological outcomes were not improved by quercetin and suppressed PGC-1α pathway activation was not increased. Similar to results in the diaphragm from these mice, these data suggest that the benefits conferred to dystrophic muscle following 12 months of quercetin enrichment were underwhelming. Spontaneous activity at the end of the treatment period was greater in mdxQ compared to mdx indicating that quercetin fed mice were more active in addition to engaging in more vigorous activity. Hence, modest preservation of muscle function (specific tension) and elevated spontaneous physical activity largely in the absence of tissue damage in mdxQ suggests dietary quercetin may mediate protection.
The Influence of Medical Insurance on Patient Access to Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Medicine Appointments Under the Affordable Care Act

Background:The goal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was to expand patient access to health care. Since the rollout of the PPACA, Medicaid patients have demonstrated diffic...
NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aged macrophages is diminished during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection

Pneumococcal infections are the eigth leading cause of death in the United States, and it is estimated that older patients (≥65 yr of age) account for the most serious cases. The goal of our curren...
Computer-assisted instruction for home study: a new venture for continuing education programs in nursing.

BACKGROUND Advanced practice nurses (APNs) tested a 5-contact hour home-study computer assisted instructional (CAI) program in pharmacokinetics developed by the author. METHOD Twenty-seven APNs enrolled in a traditional lecture continuing education course in pharmacology participated in the study. The APNs were given a knowledge test and self-efficacy questionnaire before using the CAI program and again at the completion of program use. RESULTS Significant gains in knowledge and self-efficacy with large effect sizes were achieved by the program users. They cited the convenience, organization and simplicity of use, graphic animations, and interactive question sequences as advantages of the program. CONCLUSION Home study by computer may be a feasible option to printed home-study and lecture-based continuing education programs in nursing.
Exploring a Source of Uneven Score Equity across the Test Score Range.

Score equity assessment (SEA) refers to an examination of population invariance of equating across two or more subpopulations of test examinees. Previous SEA studies have shown that score equity may be present for examinees scoring at particular test score ranges but absent for examinees scoring at other score ranges. No studies to date have performed research for the purpose of understanding why score equity can be inconsistent across the score range of some tests. The purpose of this study is to explore a source of uneven subpopulation score equity across the score range of a test. It is hypothesized that the difficulty of anchor items displaying differential item functioning (DIF) is directly related to the score location at which issues of score inequity are observed. The simulation study supports the hypothesis that the difficulty of DIF items has a systematic impact on the uneven nature of conditional score equity.
Heme oxygenase-1 deficiency results in splenic T-cell dysregulation in offspring of mothers exposed to late gestational inflammation

Problem Infection during pregnancy can disrupt regulatory/effector immune system balance, resulting in adverse pregnancy and fetal-neonatal outcomes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a major regulatory enzyme in the immune system. We observed maternal immune response dysregulation during late gestational inflammation (LGI), which may be mediated by HO-1. Here, we extend these studies to examine the immune response of offspring. Method of study Pregnant wild-type (Wt) and HO-1 heterozygote (Het) dams were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle at E15.5. Pups' splenic immune cells were characterized using flow cytometry. Results CD3+ CD4+ CD25+ (Tregs) and CD3+ CD8+ (Teffs) T cells in Wt and Het were similar in control neonates and increased with age. We showed not only age- but also genotype-specific and long-lasting T-cell dysregulation in pups after maternal LGI. The persistent immune dysregulation, mediated by HO-1 deficiency, was reflected as a decrease in Treg FoxP3 and CD3+ CD8+ T cells, and an increase in CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell and Treg/Teff ratios in Hets compared with Wt juvenile mice after maternal exposure to LGI. Conclusion Maternal exposure to LGI can result in dysregulation of splenic T cells in offspring, especially in those with HO-1 deficiency. We speculate that these immune alterations are the basis of adverse outcomes in neonates from mothers exposed to low-grade (subclinical) infections.
CONVECTION IN ARRAYS OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGES CONTAINING LONGITUDINAL FIN HEAT SINKS

Heat transfer experiments are reported on the thermal performance of heat sinked electronic packages which are part of a regular array of packages undergoing forced convection air cooling. Heat sinks considered consist of rectangular fin arrays attached to the top of the electronic package. The effect on the performance of a single heat sinked package of coolant bypass around the heat sink is assessed and performance curves for reduced heat transfer due to this effect are developed. The impact of the presence of heat sinks upon one-another, and on the thermal performance of surrounding bare packages is considered.
Proof Without Words: One-Thirteenth of a Hexagon

Let [ABCDEF] be a regular hexagon. Let A′ denote the midpoint of [AB] et cyclica. Form the six segments [AC′], etc. Then a regular hexagon [abcdef] is formed, where a = [AC′]∩[FB′], etc., with area...
Lowland Mesoamerican Archaic

relative time period: Follows the Early Mesoamerican Archaic tradition, precedes the Preclassic maya tradition.
Extended Gaussian Quadrature and the Identification of Linear Systems

The problems of parameter identification for linear systems and the problem of Gaussian quadrature would seem at first thought to be quite distinct. However for single input single output linear systems the problem of identification is readily seen to be equivalent to a moment problem and likewise it can be seen that the problem of Gaussian quadrature is a standard moment problem. The method of Prony was used by Ammar, Dayawansa and Martin in [2] to construct numerically satisfactory methods for exponential interpolation which is seen to be a system identification problem.
Oligodendroglia: Bulk Isolation and Maintenance as Suspension Cultures

In the central nervous system, oligodendroglia produce myelin at a stage in development that occurs after neuronal division, migration, and differentiation. Precursor oligodendroglia-blast cells undergo mitosis and differentiation just prior to the onset of myelinogenesis (Skoff et al.,1976). The time span of glial cell division is relatively short and once the cells have differentiated, there is little evidence for further cell division. It is thought that oligodendroglia are capable of elaborating myelin simultaneously for different segments of many axons. The cells are metabolically very active and produce many times their own weight in myelin. In fact it has been postulated that they may produce myelin for as many as 30–50 axonal internodes (Bunge et al., 1962). Once the myelin is assembled, oligodendroglia maintain this compacted multilamellar membrane, which exhibits very low levels of turnover of lipids and proteins (Norton, 1976). The idea of one cell maintaining up to 50 segments of myelin for many axons for the lifetime of an animal is rather remarkable.
Ultrahigh Frequency Photodiodes and Receivers

With the recent advancement of gigabit fiber communication and the photonic distribution of microwave signals, there is a growing need for high-speed photodetectors.
Virtual reality in manufacturing

Computer graphics based virtual reality techniques offer powerful and very valuable task visualization aids for planning system set-up and system processes, for previewing system and device actions, and even for seeing some invisible things in a complex action or production environment. Virtual reality techniques connected to CAD data banks can also offer 3-D simulation based programming and control tools for computer-controlled devices and can provide real-time interactive operator interface to those devices. Virtual reality techniques can also be applied to quick product prototyping by high-fidelity product modeling.
The Murine Antitumor Immune Response and Its Therapeutic Manipulation

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a framework of results showing that a host bearing a progressive immunogenic tumor responds immunologically to its tumor by generating a state of concomitant antitumor immunity. Because a host with an already established tumor represent the real situation that a therapist is confronted with, the possible possession by the host of a state of concomitant immunity would need to be considered in any attempt to cause regression of the tumor be immunotherapy. The results presented in this chapter leave little doubt that a syngeneic host can generate an immune response against its immunogenic tumor, but that the response is “down-regulated” by suppressor T cells before enough effector T cells are generated to destroy the tumor. This conclusion is based on the results of two main lines of investigation that involved the use of an adoptive immunization model illustrated diagrammatically. The chapter argues that an analysis of the generation and decay of concomitant immunity is essential for an understanding of why immunogenic tumors grow progressively in their immunocompetent hosts and why these tumors fail to regress in response to active or passive immunotherapy.
Surprisingly selective sulfate extraction by a simple monofunctional di(imino)guanidinium micelle-forming anion receptor

We report a novel di(imino)guanidinium anion extractant with unparalleled selectivity for sulfate in a liquid–liquid separation system. In addition to a 4.4 order-of-magnitude enhancement in affinity compared to a standard benchmark, our alkylated di(imino)guanidinium receptor is economically synthesized and features good compatibility with application-relevant aliphatic solvents. Small-angle X-ray scattering results reveal the formation of reverse-micelles, which together with the significant organic-phase water content challenge traditional notions of selectivity in extraction of superhydrophilic anions.
An Unusual Adenomatoid Tumor of Fimbria with Pronounced Psammoma Bodies in a BRCA Positive Patient as a Pitfall for Carcinoma on Frozen Section.

Background. BRCA gene mutations significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers where the lifetime risk of the ovarian cancer is about 40%. Therefore, many women with such mutations undergo prophylactic bilateral mastectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy. About 5-6% of these individuals display occult carcinomas in tubo-ovarian locations of which over 85% are tubal in origin. The objective of this case study was to emphasize emergence of benign lesions mimicking cancer under these circumstances. Case Report. We present a case with positive BRCA1 mutation who underwent the prophylactic procedure where a small mass was identified in her fallopian tube. Our initial encounter with this tumor was during intraoperative consultation. The tumor was associated with extensive psammoma bodies arranged in closely packed small tubules, mimicking serous carcinoma. Frozen section limitations including artifact, time constraint, and lack of ancillary studies as well as the clinical history further complicated our diagnostic assessment, which was deferred. A diagnosis of adenomatoid tumor was rendered on permanent sections. Conclusion. It is important to be familiar with this morphologic presentation of adenomatoid tumor as it is a pitfall for carcinoma, particularly on frozen section, and inaccurate diagnosis could lead to further unnecessary extensive procedures.
Noninvasive Determination of Blood Pressure by Heart Sound Analysis Compared With Intra-Arterial Monitoring in Critically Ill Children-A Pilot Study of a Novel Approach.

Objectives To develop a novel device to predict systolic and diastolic blood pressure based on measured heart sound signals and evaluate its accuracy in comparison to intra-arterial blood pressure readings. Study design Prospective, observational pilot study. Setting PICU. Patients Critically ill children (0-18 yr) undergoing continuous blood pressure monitoring via radial artery intra-arterial catheters were enrolled in the study after informed consent. The study included medical, cardiac, and surgical PICU patients. Interventions Along with intra-arterial blood pressure, patient's heart sounds were recorded simultaneously by a highly sensitive sensor taped to the chest. Additional hardware included a data acquisition unit and laptop computer. Subsequently, advanced signal processing technologies were used to minimize random interfering signals and extract and separate S1 and S2 signals. A computerized model was then developed using artificial neural network systems to estimate blood pressure from the extracted heart sound analysis. Measurements and main outcomes We found a statistically significant correlation for systolic (r = 0.964; R = 0.928) and diastolic (r = 0.935; R = 0.868) blood pressure readings (n = 491) estimated by the novel heart-sound signal-based method and those recorded by intra-arterial catheters. The mean difference of the individually paired determinations of the blood pressure between the heart-sound-based method and intra-arterial catheters was 0.6 ± 7 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and -0.06 ± 5 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure, which was within the recommended range of 5 ± 8 mm Hg for any new blood pressure devices. Conclusions Our findings provide proof of concept that the heart-sound signal-based method can provide accurate, noninvasive blood pressure monitoring.
Faculty insights regarding incorporation of gender- and sex-related differences in the PharmD curriculum: Phase 2

Abstract Background While pharmacists should be aware of gender and sex-related differences in treatment related decisions, this is not a required doctor of pharmacy curricular component. A regional pilot study demonstrated that approximately half of pharmacy practice faculty discussed these differences in their content area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of inclusion of gender and sex-related differences on a national level in doctor of pharmacy curricula and to determine if faculty are comfortable teaching the topic. Methods An electronic message with a link to an online survey was distributed to 7250 faculty members at 139 colleges of pharmacy. The survey remained open for three weeks and potential participants received weekly email reminders. The survey was voluntary, and responses were de-identified. Results Overall, 641 faculty participated in the survey (8.8% response rate). Most respondents indicated that they do not teach about gender or sex-related differences (54.9%). Of those faculty reporting teaching gender and/or sex-related differences, 28% indicated that it was addressed in one clinical topic, while some (7.7%) indicated that the content was included in up to five topics. Half of faculty (53.6%) indicated that they believe this topic is somewhat important. Conclusions Results of this study suggest that gender and sex-related differences are not adequately addressed in current pharmacy curricula.
Management of patients with isolated acute cervical carotid artery occlusion and normal neurological exam: Technical note and case series

Abstract Objectives Limited data exists on the management and outcome of patients with isolated acute cervical internal carotid artery (cICA) occlusion presenting with normal neurologic exam after experiencing a period of neurological deficits. These patients are at risk for progressive neurologic deterioration but have not yet progressed to stroke. Current management is no intervention due to intervention risk of embolization. We aim to determine the optimal management of patients with isolated acute cICA occlusion presenting with a normal neurological exam after experiencing neurological deficits. Patients and methods Data was collected on 3 patients with acute cICA occlusion that presented with a normal neurological exam to our institution. Patient 1 was treated according to standard protocol, while patients 2 and 3 were treated according to the management discussed. Associations between perfusion imaging studies and clinical outcome were analyzed to determine stroke risk. A revascularization technique to minimize risk of distal embolization is described. Results A total of 3 consecutive patients with acute cICA occlusion were successfully revascularized. Patients 2 and 3 (66.67%) were neurologically intact post-operatively, while patient 1 (33.33%) had residual hemiparesis. It seems that MTT ≥ 200% or Tmax > 6 s is the optimal penumbra threshold predicting infarction and neurologic deterioration. There were no embolic complications as a result of endovascular therapy (EVT). Conclusion Cerebral perfusion imaging of patients presenting with normal neurological exam after experiencing neurological deficits is warranted to help identify patients at risk for stroke due to collateral failure. These patients should be monitored in the ICU for neurologic deterioration and given the option of intervention if mismatch is noted on CT perfusion imaging. Perfusion studies identifying penumbra and delayed MTT ≥ 200% or Tmax > 6 s are indicators for possible collateral failure. In patients undergoing intervention, we suggest a technique using proximal flow arrest to minimize risk of shower emboli. Further studies are needed to verify our findings.
Evaluation of the NG-Test MCR-1 Lateral Flow Assay and EDTA-Colistin Broth Disk Elution Methods To Detect Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Among Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates.

Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) is a global public health concern, given its ease of transmissibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two methods for the detection of PMCR from bacterial colonies: (i) the NG-Test MCR-1 lateral flow immunoassay (LFA; NG Biotech, Guipry, France) and (ii) the EDTA-colistin broth disk elution (EDTA-CBDE) screening test method. These methods were evaluated using a cohort of contemporary, clinical Gram-negative bacillus isolates from 3 U.S. academic medical centers (126 isolates of the Enterobacterales, 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, and 50 Acinetobacter species isolates; 1 isolate was mcr positive) and 12 mcr-positive CDC-FDA Antibiotic Resistance (AR) Isolate Bank isolates for which reference broth microdilution colistin susceptibility results were available. Eleven (4.6%) isolates were strongly positive by the MCR-1 LFA, with an additional 8 (3.4%) isolates yielding faintly positive results. The positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) for MCR-1 detection were 100% and 96.1%, respectively. Upon repeat testing, only a single false-positive MCR-2 producer remained, as the isolates with initially faintly positive results were negative. The EDTA-CBDE screening method had an overall PPA and NPA of 100% and 94.3%, respectively. The NPA for the EDTA-CBDE method was slightly lower at 94.2% with Enterobacterales, whereas it was 96.0% with P. aeruginosa The MCR-1 LFA and EDTA-CBDE methods are both accurate and user-friendly methods for the detection of PMCR. Despite the rarity of PMCR among clinical isolates in the United States, these methods are valuable tools that may be implemented in public health and clinical microbiology laboratories to further discern the mechanism of resistance among colistin-resistant Gram-negative isolates and to detect PMCR for infection prevention and control purposes.
Combining model- and deep-learning-based methods for the accurate and robust segmentation of the intra-cochlear anatomy in clinical head CT images

Cochlear implants (CIs) are neuroprosthetic devices that can improve hearing in patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Postoperatively, a CI device needs to be programmed by an audiologist to determine parameter settings that lead to the best outcomes. Recently, our group has developed an image-guided cochlear implant programming (IGCIP) system to simplify the traditionally tedious post-programming procedure and improve hearing outcomes. IGCIP requires image processing techniques to analyze the location of inserted electrode arrays (EAs) with respect to the intra-cochlear anatomy (ICA), and robust and accurate segmentation methods for the ICA are a critical step in the process. We have proposed active shape model (ASM)-based method and deep learning (DL)-based method for this task, and we have observed that DL methods tend to be more accurate than ASM methods while ASM methods tend to be more robust. In this work, we propose a U-Net-like architecture that incorporates ASM segmentation into the network so that it can refine the provided ASM segmentation based on the CT intensity image. Results we have obtained show that the proposed method can achieve the same segmentation accuracy as that of the DL-based method and the same robustness as that of the ASM-based method.
Managing Resident Workforce and Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evolving Strategies and Lessons Learned

Background The novel coronavirus and associated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading throughout the world, with robust growth in the United States. Its drastic impact on the global population and international health care is swift, evolving, and unpredictable. The effects on orthopaedic surgery departments are predominantly indirect, with widespread cessation of all nonessential orthopaedic care. Although this is vital to the system-sustaining measures of isolation and resource reallocation, there is profound detriment to orthopaedic training programs. Methods In the face of new pressures on the finite timeline on an orthopaedic residency, the Emory University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics has devised a 5-pronged strategy based on the following: (1) patient and provider safety, (2) uninterrupted necessary care, (3) system sustainability, (4) adaptability, and (5) preservation of vital leadership structures. Results Our 5 tenants support a 2-team system, whereby the residents are divided into cycling "active-duty" and "working remotely" factions. In observation of the potential incubation period of viral symptoms, phase transitions occur every 2 weeks with strict adherence to team assignments. Intrateam redundancy can accommodate potential illness to ensure a stable unit of able residents. Active duty residents participate in in-person surgical encounters and virtual ambulatory encounters, whereas remotely working residents participate in daily video-conferenced faculty-lead, case-based didactics and pursue academic investigation, grant writing, and quality improvement projects. To sustain this, faculty and administrative 2-team systems are also in place to protect the leadership and decision-making components of the department. Conclusions The novel coronavirus has decimated the United States healthcare system, with an unpredictable duration, magnitude, and variability. As collateral damage, orthopaedic residencies are faced with new challenges to provide care and educate residents in the face of safety, resource redistribution, and erosion of classic learning opportunities. Our adaptive approach aims to be a generalizable tactic to optimize our current landscape.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN THE VETERANS ADMINISTRATION

ABSTRACT The Veterans Administration has conducted training programs in Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Technology for several years. The implementation of these programs is discussed from the hospital's point of view. The benefits of the program, its operation, and effectiveness axe discussed with reference to several case studies.
Appendicular Lean Mass, Grip Strength, and the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis and Knee Pain Among Older Adults

Author(s): Andrews, James S; Gold, Laura S; Nevitt, Michael; Heagerty, Patrick J; Cawthon, Peggy M | Abstract: ObjectiveThe association of sarcopenia with development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) or knee pain in older adults is uncertain. We examined the relationship of grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM) with the likelihood of developing knee OA and knee pain in older adults in the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) Study.MethodsALM and grip strength were assessed at baseline by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and handheld dynamometry, respectively. Incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, defined as new participant report of physician-diagnosed knee OA and concurrent frequent knee pain, and incident frequent knee pain over 5 years of follow-up were examined. Separate regression analyses, stratified by sex, modeled associations of baseline ALM and grip strength with the likelihood of incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA and incident knee pain over follow-up, adjusting for covariates.ResultsAmong the 2779 subjects without OA at baseline, 95 men (6.9%) and 158 women (11.3%) developed clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, and, among the 2182 subjects without knee pain at baseline, 315 men (28.3%) and 385 women (36.1%) developed knee pain over follow-up. Among men only, each SD decrement of ALM was associated with decreasing likelihood of incident knee OA (odds ratio [OR] per SD decrement: 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-0.97), and each SD decrement of grip strength was associated with increasing likelihood of incident knee pain (OR per SD decrement: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42).ConclusionIn older men, ALM and grip strength may be associated with the development of knee OA and knee pain, respectively.
Enhancing Human-Computer Interaction in Digital Repositories through a MCDA-Based Recommender System

Digital repositories contain a large amount of content, which is available to heterogeneous groups of people. As such, in many cases people encounter difficulties in finding specific content which ...
Zero- and One-Dimensional Methodologies and Tools

The use of zero- and quasi-one-dimensional thermodynamic engine cycle simulations has become well established over the last several decades. Such engine simulations provide valuable insight into the various aspects of engine operation, and are helpful for a number of reasons. For example, these types of simulations are useful for interpreting experimental results, completing detailed parametric evaluations, and evaluating engine concepts. For more efficient use of these simulations, the engineer needs to understand the fundamentals and the wide range of uses of these simulations. The engineer also needs to understand the limitations of these simulations, and to use the simulations in appropriate ways. This chapter will present some examples of the use of thermodynamic engine cycle simulations. Examples of basic cylinder parameters and overall engine performance parameters will be presented. Keywords: engine models; engine thermodynamics; engine simulations; phenomenological engine models
Reversible developmental change in the ability of ciliary ganglion neurons to extend neurites in culture

From stages 35 to 40 in the chicken embryo, ciliary ganglion neurons undergo a developmental change which is detected in our assay system as a marked decline in the ability to extend neurites when placed in culture. This developmental loss is observed when the neurons are placed in culture as single, dissociated cells or as undissociated ganglion explants. The loss of the ability to extend neurites in culture is not a transitory phenomenon, for no recovery of this ability is observed during the rest of embryonic development or posthatching. There is a close temporal correlation between the embryonic period during which the ability of ciliary ganglion neurons to extend neurites declines and the period (stages 35 to 40) when these neurons form functional peripheral synapses in the embryo. The ability to extend neurites rapidly is not recovered during normal development as long as the ganglion and its connections within the organism remain intact. However, if the ciliary ganglia are removed from a stage 40 embryo and cultured for 3 to 4 days before being dissociated, the neurons have largely recovered their ability to initiate neurite outgrowth rapidly. This recovery after removal from the embryo is also presumably responsible for the eventual dense outgrowth of neurites from stage 40 ganglion explants after a 3- to 4-day delay in culture. Our results, in conjunction with similar results from other systems, suggest a cause and effect relationship between the establishment or disruption of peripheral connections and the loss or recovery, respectively, of the ability to extend neurites rapidly.
Preparation and properties of monodispersed colloidal particles of lanthanide compounds: I. Gadolinium, europium, terbium, samarium, and cerium(III)

Colloidal lanthanide (Gd, Eu, Tb, Sm, Ce(III)) compounds consisting of particles of narrow size distribution were obtained by aging at elevated temperatures solutions of corresponding salts in the presence of urea. Cerium(III) yielded crystalline oxydicarbonate solids of ellipsoidal shape, while the other rare-earth elements produced sols of amorphous spherical particles of basic carbonates. The effects of various parameters (pH, temperature, nature of anions, aging time) on the properties of the resulting precipitates were studied systematically. The metal hydroxycarbonates were readily converted to the corresponding oxides, without a change in morphology, by calcination at 600°C. The size distribution, specific surface area, and weight loss on calcination, as well as optical, fluorescent, and electrokinetic properties of the precipitated solids were evaluated. An apparatus designed for continuous production of such sols is described.
Epitopes from two soybean glycinin subunits are antigenic in pigs

BACKGROUND Glycinin is a seed storage protein in soybean (Glycine max) that is allergenic in pigs. Glycinin is a hexamer composed of subunits consisting of basic and acidic portions joined by disulfide bridges. There are five glycinin subunit isoforms designated Gy1–Gy5. The purpose of this study is to identify epitopes from selected glycinin subunits that are antigenic in pigs. RESULTS Twenty-seven out of 30 pigs had antibodies against glycinin in their sera. Ten of these sera had immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the Gy4 (A5A4B3) or Gy1 (A1aBx) subunit. Three sera recognised overlapping regions between the two subunits tested, though no serum stained both A5A4B3 and A1aBx. Two sera stained a highly conserved region between A5A4B3 and A1aBx, though again neither serum stained both peptides. The basic part of the A1aBx subunit was not recognised by any of the sera tested even though immunoblot data indicated that the basic and acidic subunits of glycinin are nearly equally antigenic. CONCLUSION Two antigenic regions of A5A4B3 and A1aBx were identified that bound antibodies in half of the sera that reacted with these two proteins. Half of the sera reacted with unique regions of A5A4B3 and A1aBx. The failure of the basic portion of A1aBx to bind pig antibodies may indicate that it is less antigenic than the basic portion of A5A4B3 and other glycinin subunits. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Online Games and Crime

The issue of the potential impact of online games, particularly those with violent content, on criminal behavior in the real world is controversial. Online use of games has proliferated over the past few decades as technology has improved and the use of video games has become more social. Experimental studies on the impact of games generally consider games as solitary and provide mixed results, often with considerable limitations. Correlational studies and longitudinal evidence of the relationship between crime and online games are mixed, but, on balance, are less likely to yield evidence for unambiguous links between the two. Further, the dramatically increasing popularity of online games is not associated with dramatically declining violence among adults and youth in various countries. Despite impressions to the contrary in the media, links between perpetrators of mass homicide and the use of video games, online or otherwise, have not been confirmed. This entry examines evidence regarding the possible associations between online games and crime and considers several theoretical frameworks that inform this research, including media effects theories and moral panic theory. Keywords: criminal behavior; media effects; moral panic theory; risk amplification; self-determination theory; uses and gratifications theory; video game industry; violent crime
Specialists in Welfare Offices: Do Family Violence Experts Matter?

In many welfare offices, a key component of the Family Violence Option (FVO) of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was the establishment of experts trained in domestic violence and the new policy. This study analyzes the effect an FVO expert has on three outcomes: domestic violence disclosures; administrative documentation of disclosures; and FVO waiver use. Findings show that the presence of an expert is not related to disclosures or documentation, but does have a statistically significant, negative effect on the likelihood of waiver use. These mixed results indicate that the presence or absence of an expert is not necessarily indicative of an agency's commitment to the FVO.
What Is a Pheromone? Mammalian Pheromones Reconsidered

Pheromone communication is a two-component system: signaling pheromones and receiving sensory neurons. Currently, pheromones remain enigmatic bioactive compounds, as only a few have been identified, but classical bioassays have suggested that they are nonvolatile, activate vomeronasal sensory neurons, and regulate innate social behaviors and neuroendocrine release. Recent discoveries of potential pheromones reveal that they may be more structurally and functionally diverse than previously defined.
The Lagrange Multiplier Rule

(1973). The Lagrange Multiplier Rule. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 8, pp. 922-925.
Myosin V attachment to cargo requires the tight association of two functional subdomains.

The myosin V carboxyl-terminal globular tail domain is essential for the attachment of myosin V to all known cargoes. Previously, the globular tail was viewed as a single, functional entity. Here, we show that the globular tail of the yeast myosin Va homologue, Myo2p, contains two structural subdomains that have distinct functions, namely, vacuole-specific and secretory vesicle–specific movement. Biochemical and genetic analyses demonstrate that subdomain I tightly associates with subdomain II, and that the interaction does not require additional proteins. Importantly, although neither subdomain alone is functional, simultaneous expression of the separate subdomains produces a functional complex in vivo. Our results suggest a model whereby intramolecular interactions between the globular tail subdomains help to coordinate the transport of multiple distinct cargoes by myosin V.
The Science and Politics of I.Q.

JL his book is concerned with a single major question: Are scores on intelligence tests (I.Q.'s) heritable? The answer, in the consensus view of most intelligence testers, is that about 80 percent of individual variation in LQ. scores is genetically determined. That is not a new conclusion. Pearson, writing in 1906, before the widespread use of the LQ. test, observed that "the influence of environment is nowhere more than one-fifth that of heredity, and quite possibly not one-tenth of it." 1 Herrnstein, reviewing the history of intelligence testing to 1971, concluded, "We may, therefore, say that 80 to 85 percent of the variation in LQ. among whites is due to the genes." 2 The present work arrives at two conclusions. The first stems from a detailed examination of the empirical evidence which has been adduced in support of the idea of heritability, and it can be stated simply. There exist no data which should lead a prudent man to accept the hypothesis that LQ. test scores are in any degree heritable. That conclusion is so much at odds with prevailing wisdom that it is necessary to ask, how can so many psychologists believe the opposite? The answer, I believe, is related to the second major conclusion of this work. The LQ. test in America, and the way in which we think about it, has been fostered by men committed to a particular social view. That view includes the belief that those on
Relaxation of electrode processes with simultaneous consideration of double-layer charging and faradaic current. Part I

Summary Non-steady-state electrode processes are analyzed with simultaneous consideration of the double-layer charging and the faradaic process in the treatment of the diffusion problem. A treatment is given from a unified point of view for any galvanostatic or potentiostatic perturbation. The general formulas thus derived are applied to galvanostatic and potentiostatic step-perturbations and to one type of coulostatic perturbation. Differences from the results previously derived by the classical approach were found in the region where the double-layer charging influences the overall process.
Bridging the gap: linking climate-impacts research with adaptation planning and management

A critical challenge in supporting climate change adaptation is improving the linkage between climate-impacts and vulnerability research and public and private planning and management decisions. We highlight the need for bottom-up/top-down vulnerability assessment, bringing together bottom-up knowledge of existing vulnerabilities with top-down climate-impact projections, as a transparent basis for informing decisions intended to reduce vulnerability. This approach can be used to evaluate the likelihood of crossing identified thresholds of exposure, and to evaluate alternative adaptation strategies based on their ability to reduce sensitivity to projected changes in exposure and their robustness across uncertainty in future outcomes. By identifying thresholds for which adaptive capacity is limited in particular systems, adaptation and mitigation become complements where the magnitudes of climate change at which such thresholds cluster can help to define mitigation targets.
Achieving strategic agility through Economies of Knowledge

Manufacturers are in the midst of one of the most significant transformations in history. The kaleidoscopic nature of the global economy has created an environment of unprecedented hyper‐complexity and dynamic change. So much so that the rules of the competitive game are shifting faster than managers can react to them. Moreover, these dynamics bode continuous sea changes in work and sources of value‐added. Looking to past solutions for rationing resources and controlling costs is not an option. The drivers of change indicate one point: Successful manufacturers tomorrow will not look much like those of today.
A patient-centered paradigm: a model for chiropractic education and research.

Within the chiropractic profession there is concern over both the appropriate paradigm for educating the student and the appropriate research model for investigating health care and promotion. The purpose of this study was to identify, interpret, and describe a paradigm for chiropractic education and research. Chiropractic first principles and existing health care paradigms were identified and integrated with the characteristics of chiropractic practice described in sociological studies of the chiropractic profession. A patient-centered paradigm emerged, incorporating the principles of vitalism, holism, humanism, conservatism, naturalism, and rationalism. Characteristics of a patient-centered paradigm that were identified were then subjected to an eight-member consensus panel with representatives drawn from chiropractic education, research, and sociology. The characteristics of a patient-centered paradigm agreed upon include self-healing, recognition of the patient as a unified whole, respect for the pati...