cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic Influences, Disturbance, and Intraspecific Competition in a Stream Caddisfly Population

In an earlier study, exploitative intraspecific competition was demonstrated for middle instars of the caddisfly Helicopsyche borealis in Big Sulphur Creek, a stream in northern coastal California. This population is univoltine with early instars first appearing in June, growing into late instars the following spring, and emerging as adults in May. Competition occurs during the summer dry season (June-September), a period of low-flow conditions without storms or increases in stream discharge. Beginning in autumn, however, larval densities decline because of wet-season storms and high discharge. Using multiple regression, we found a strong relationship between spring (i.e., post wet season) density of late-instar H. borealis and various hydrologic parameters of the preceding wet season over a 4-yr period, 1985-1988. Of eight hydrologic parameters used as indices of disturbance, total wet-season rainfall and peak discharge together accounted for 42% (P < .0001) of the variation in H. borealis density. In contrast, densities of middle instars of the next generation in summer were unrelated either to the preceding wet-season hydrologic regime or late- instar densities of the previous generation. Field experiments conducted in enclosures using larval densities of H. borealis that corresponded to harsh, moderate, and mild wet-season hydrologic regimes (low, inter- mediate, and high densities, respectively) indicated that: (1) increases in larval density had a strong negative effect on algal biomass (as chlorophyll a); (2) larval density was negatively correlated with the proportion of larvae that pupated, and with pupal size; and (3) the high density (mild hydrologic regime) treatment produced smaller adult males and females, and lower fecundities than intermediate and low densities (moderate and harsh regimes, re- spectively). In most years, storms and associated disturbance reduce late-instar H. borealis density below levels of larval competition; this counteracts earlier competition among middle instars that occurs during low-flow conditions. In drought years, however, densities may not be reduced as severely by wet-season storms and competition may continue until emergence. In this case, competition can reduce individual fitness, but because of high adult densities during these mild-disturbance conditions the reproductive capacity of the population is unaffected.
Range of motion of the intact lumbar segment: a multivariate study of 42 lumbar spines.

Background A thorough understanding of the biomechanical characteristics of the healthy human spine is critical in furthering the treatment of spinal pathology. The goal of this study was to investigate the motion of the intact lumbar spine segment as measured by range of motion (ROM), and to investigate the dependencies thereof on gender and intervertebral level. Materials and Methods Kinematic data was obtained for 42 human lumbar segments (L1-S1) in response to a pure-moment loading protocol in flexion extension (FE), lateral bending (LB) and axial torsion (AT). Data was obtained for 204 individual functional spinal units (91 female, 113 male). Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to detect differences between genders and intervertebral levels in each mode of loading. Correlations between ROM and donor demographics, including height, weight, and age, were conducted. Results ROM was significantly greater for females than for males in FE, LB and AT (p Conclusion The significant differences in lumbar ROM between male and female spine segments and between the intervertebral levels must be taken into account in study design in order to prevent biases in outcomes. The significant differences in ROM between levels may also have critical implications in the design of spinal implants, particularly those designed to maintain or restore healthy motion.
Oscillatory dynamics of Gestalt perception in schizophrenia revisited.

Background: Abnormalities in γ oscillations (30-100 Hz) in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) have been proposed to reflect neural circuitry abnormalities in schizophrenia. Oscillations in the γ band are thought to play an important role in visual perception, mediating the binding of visual features into coherent objects. However, there is relatively little evidence to date of deficits in γ-mediated processes associated with Gestalt perception in schizophrenia.Methods: Fourteen healthy control subjects (HC) and 17 chronic schizophrenia patients (SZ) discriminated between illusory Kanisza Squares and No-Square control stimuli, indicating their judgment with a manual button press. Time-frequency decomposition of the EEG was computed with the Morlet wavelet transform. Time-frequency maps of phase locking factor (PLF) values were calculated for stimulus- and response-locked oscillations.Results: HC and SZ did not differ in reaction time, error rate, an early ERP effect associated with Gestalt processing, nor an early visual-evoked γ oscillation. Two response-locked high γ effects had greater PLF for Square than No-Square stimuli in HC, and the reverse pattern in SZ. One of these effects was correlated with thought disorder symptom ratings in SZ.Conclusions: SZ demonstrated abnormalities in γ oscillations associated with the perception of Gestalt objects, while their early visual-evoked γ activity was mostly normal, contrary to previous results. This study supports the hypothesis that high-frequency oscillations are sensitive to aspects of psychosis.
Clinical and molecular studies in full trisomy 22: further delineation of the phenotype and review of the literature.

This {open_quotes}Letter to the Editor{close_quotes} mentions an early case of full trisomy 22 and the phenotype of the patient involved. 2 refs.
Arabinosyl-N6-hydroxyadenine: a new potent antivirus drug.

Abrabinosyl-N6-hydroxyadenine (ara-HA) was tested for its antiherpesvirus and immunosuppressive activities in vivo and in vitro. Mouse strains were used that had been shown earlier to be very susceptible to intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of a virulent strain of herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1). Susceptible mice were inoculated i.p. or i.c. with a stock pool of HSV-1 and treated with ara-HA (i.p.) beginning at least 24 hr later. The mice were given a 10-day course of drugs and followed for at least 21 days. Similar experiments were carried out with ara-A for comparative purposes. Ara-HA was found to protect mice inoculated with HSV-1 significantly better than ara-A. Lower concentrations of drugs were required and a higher percentage survived. Later challenge of the ara-HA-treated mice with HSV-1 demonstrated that these mice had become immune to HSV-1, indicating that the immune system is not severely affected by this course of ara-HA. A 10-day course of ara-HA, which was found to protect mice from 100 LD50 of HSV-1, reduced the capacity of the mouse lymphocytes to respond to allogeneic cells only slightly. In vitro ara-HA inhibited HSV-1 replication as well as proliferation of lymphocytes exposed to mitogen.
A 21-year-old man with 2 year history of low back pain.

The patient is a 21-year-old white man with a 2 year history of low back pain. Six months prior to admission he was treated at another hospita1 for presumed disc disease with slight temporary improvement. Since that time the patient has experienced increased low back pain and the pain has progressed to include the right thigh and leg. These clinical findings were associated with urinary retention and constipation. Further investigations were, therefore, undertaken.
Differences in Neurotrophic Factor Gene Expression Profiles between Neonate and Adult Rat Spinal Cord after Injury

The capacity of the central nervous system for axonal growth decreases as the age of the animal at the time of injury increases. Changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors within embryonic and early postnatal spinal cord suggest that a lack of trophic support contributes to this restrictive growth environment. We examined neurotrophic factor gene profiles by ribonuclease protection assay in normal neonate and normal adult spinal cord and in neonate and adult spinal cord after injury. Our results show that in the normal developing spinal cord between postnatal days 3 (P3) and P10, compared to the normal adult spinal cord, there are higher levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA expression and a lower level of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) mRNA expression. Between P10 and P17, there is a significant decrease in the expression of NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and GDNF mRNA and a contrasting steady and significant increase in the level of CNTF mRNA expression. These findings show that there is a critical shift in neurotrophic factor expression in normal developing spinal cord between P10 and P17. In neonate spinal cord after injury, there is a significantly higher level of BDNF mRNA expression and a significantly lower level of CNTF mRNA expression compared to those observed in the adult spinal cord after injury. These findings suggest that high levels of BDNF mRNA expression and low levels of CNTF mRNA expression play important roles in axonal regrowth in early postnatal spinal cord after injury.
Temporal Differences in Remarriage Timing: Comparing Divorce and Widowhood

This article examines the tempo of remarriage among individuals whose first marriages ended in divorce and individuals whose first marriages ended in spousal death. Drawing on event-history models, the results suggest that divorced individuals remarry quicker than individuals whose first marriage ended in spousal death. Interestingly, results also indicate that this relationship is moderated by both gender and parity, suggesting that demographic and life course factors can impede or encourage postmarital union formation.
Growth Options, Beta, and the Cost of Capital

We show how to decompose a firm's beta into its beta of assets-in-pla ce and its beta of growth opportunities. Our empirical results demonstrate that the beta of growth opportunities is greater than the beta of assets-in-place for virtually all industries over all periods of time dating back to 1977. The difference has important implications for determining the cost of capital. For example, when choosing comparables to determine a project beta one should match the growth opportunities of the project with those of the comparable firm. Assuming a 6% market equity risk premium, accounting for growth opportunities alters the project cost of capital by as much as 2% to 3%.
Early dark adaptation to dim luminances.

Visual threshold changes were measured just before and just after a preadapting light was dimmed to several luminance levels. The course of the sensitivity change is similar whether the eye is adapting to darkness or to a light which is merely dimmed. The major features of the early dark adaptation curve are (1) a small rise in the threshold when the preadapting light is turned off, and (2) an abrupt subsequent drop which slows into the familiar dark adaptation curve. These two features are influenced by the luminance of both the preadapting and adapting lights. The locus of the effect is discussed as being probably in the receptor itself, and the implications of this suggestion are considered.
Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy of oligothiophene/C60 mixtures in films and solutions

We present spectral evidence for the formation of triplet-state photoexcitations in T7 films and solutions. Introduction of C60 affects the photophysical processes dramatically via electron transfer (film) or energy transfer (solution) from photoexcited T7 to C60.
Hypersensitivity in the electronic transitions of lanthanide and actinide complexes

The linear correlation of ligand basicity with oscillator strength of the lanthanide hypersensitive transitions has been shown to be of general utility and can be applied to lanthanide spectra of compounds in vapor, liquid solution or crystalline phases. A mechanism for hypersensitivity involving metal--ligand covalency via charge transfer levels is suggested. Physical interpretations of the tau/sub lambda/ parameters in the Judd--Ofelt theory have been presented based on covalency and symmetry arguments. The tau/sub 2/ parameters are apparently directly related to metal--ligand covalency while the tau/sub 4/ and/or tau/sub 6/ parameters seem to be primarily a function of the degree of symmetry in the coordinated complexes. 89 references.
Unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations for a cluster model of NiO☆

Abstract Self-consistent restricted and unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations have been performed for a NiO 6 −10 cluster embedded in a point ion field. The unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations give rise to p -like and d -like states whose energies overlap, but which are essentially non-interacting. The calculated widths of the p -like and d -like states are 4.5 and 2.2 eV respectively, in good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, d -orbital relaxation is found to be much more important for RHF calculation as opposed to UHF calculations.
Algorithm 933: Reliable calculation of numerical rank, null space bases, pseudoinverse solutions, and basic solutions using suitesparseQR

The SPQR_RANK package contains routines that calculate the numerical rank of large, sparse, numerically rank-deficient matrices. The routines can also calculate orthonormal bases for numerical null spaces, approximate pseudoinverse solutions to least squares problems involving rank-deficient matrices, and basic solutions to these problems. The algorithms are based on SPQR from SuiteSparseQR (ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 38, Article 8, 2011). SPQR is a high-performance routine for forming QR factorizations of large, sparse matrices. It returns an estimate for the numerical rank that is usually, but not always, correct. The new routines improve the accuracy of the numerical rank calculated by SPQR and reliably determine the numerical rank in the sense that, based on extensive testing with matrices from applications, the numerical rank is almost always accurately determined when our methods report that the numerical rank should be correct. Reliable determination of numerical rank is critical to the other calculations in the package. The routines work well for matrices with either small or large null space dimensions.
The strength, fracture, and chemical changes of poly-(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) after exposure to molten and vapor deposited aluminum

The tensile properties, fracture behavior, and surface chemical composition of the rigid-rod heterocyclic aromatic polymer fiber poly-(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole), PBT, have been measured as a function of contact with nominally zero valent aluminum overlayers. The samples were produced by immersion of suitable fiber or film specimens in a molten aluminum-12.7 wt. % silicon alloy or by aluminum-vapor deposition followed by heat treatment. The strength of uncoated PBT fiber was 3.0 GPa. After 5 min immersion in the molten aluminum alloy, strengths drop to 80% and 25% of the uncoated fiber values for 600°and 700 °C immersion, respectively. Fiber strengths after aluminum immersion are from zero to 20% lower than the strength for corresponding uncoated fibers heated at an equivalent temperature in argon. Coated fibers exhibit tensile strengths after heating intermediate to similarly heated uncoated or immersed fibers. For all types of samples, the fiber fracture mode changes from fibrillar at failure strengths >1.9 GPa (independent of the environment) to planar at failure strengths <1.9 GPa. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of PBT fiber and film surfaces indicates oxidation of the polymer surface has occurred, most likely during fabrication of the fiber or film. The oxygen content of the surface layer is decreased when the film is immersed in molten aluminum-silicon alloy. The lack of corresponding changes in the relative intensities of the polymer C, S, or N photoemission peaks after this immersion suggests that the surface oxidized layer plays some role in protecting the polymer from degradation by molten aluminum. These results strongly suggest that it is possible to fabricate low-density, high-strength PBT/metal composites by liquid aluminum alloy infiltration if the melt temperature is kept below 680 °C and the contact time with molten aluminum kept below 3 min.
Blood gene expression profiling in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: from bench to bedside

Blood gene expression profiling has led to major advances in the field of rheumatology over the last few decades. Specifically, DNA microarray technology has been integral in increasing our knowledge of key players in the pathogenesis of some rare pediatric rheumatic diseases. Our group, using microarray analysis, identified the interferon (IFN) gene signature in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and has published data that suggest high doses of intravenous corticosteroid treatment may have benefit over strictly oral regimens. Additionally, DNA microarray technology led to our discovery that the interleukin (IL)-1 gene signature is associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and to the use of IL-1 blockade with anakinra in this disease. We also reported the biologic rationale for use of anakinra early in the disease course. Anakinra is now being used as first-line treatment in sJIA in multiple centers. Herein, we review how information obtained from blood gene expression profiling has changed our clinical practice.
Optimization of the TIEC/AMTEC cascade cell for high efficiency

Abstract A mathematical modeling of a system consisting of a cascade of a thermionic energy conversion (TIEC) device and an alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) device has been performed to optimize the efficiency of the cell. The TIEC is heated by electronic bombardment, which converts heat partially into electricity and rejects the remaining heat. The AMTEC utilizes the rejected heat of the TIEC. Cascading these two cells provides lots of advantages. A mathematical model for the cascade converter has been developed to analyze the effects of key parameters such as power level, heat fluxes and temperatures. In this effort, a 12-node system of non-linear simultaneous equations has been constructed which is solved by MATCAD and a locally optimized efficiency has been derived. Thus, efficiency of the cascaded cell is improved, so that it is greater than the highest efficiency among the TIEC and AMTEC and lower than the sum of their individual efficiencies.
Neural correlates of pediatric obesity

Abstract Objective Childhood obesity rates have increased over the last 40 years and have a detrimental impact on public health. While the causes of the obesity epidemic are complex, obesity ultimately arises from chronic imbalances between energy intake and expenditure. An emerging area of research in obesity has focused on the role of the brain in evaluating the rewarding properties of food and making decisions about what and how much to eat. Method This article reviews recent scientific literature regarding the brain's role in pediatric food motivation and childhood obesity. Results The article will begin by reviewing some of the recent literature discussing challenges associated with neuroimaging in children and the relevant developmental brain changes that occur in childhood and adolescence. The article will then review studies regarding neural mechanisms of food motivation and the ability to delay gratification in children and how these responses differ in obese compared to healthy weight children. Conclusion Increasing our understanding about how brain function and behavior may differ in children will inform future research, obesity prevention, and interventions targeting childhood obesity.
Comprehensive health planning as it affects dental care.

The Association's Committee on Dental Care has accepted the challenge to interpret the impact of Federal funding on the practice of dentistry.
Team-Based Care-the "Who" of the Patient-Centered Medical Home

Team-based care is a key element of a successful primary care practice or patient centered medical home (PCMH). The Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is a concept that has evolved over the last 40 years and has the potential to take good primary care practices to great. However, before practices can transform to PCMHs, they have to transform their staff to assume new roles and develop needed skills in the new practice paradigm. A framework is provided to implement team-based care and is tailored to address both small practices and larger practices with multiple locations. The concept “Servant Leader” is introduced as the guiding principle in the transformation process and how as a servant leader, you can help staff perform at their maximum potential.
Regional study of mineral resources in Nevada: Insights from three-dimensional analysis of gravity and magnetic anomalies

A three-dimensional interpretation of the basins of Nevada was developed based on statewide data bases of digital-gravity, magnetic, geologic, well, and topographic information. An iterative technique was applied to isostatic residual gravity anomalies in Nevada in order to define the location and shape of pre-Tertiary basement and to produce a gravity map that reflects variations of density within the pre-Tertiary basement. The dominant feature of the basement gravity of Nevada is an enormous area of low gravity that spans the entire state between latitudes 37°N and 40.5°N. This regional low strongly correlates with the distribution of middle and late Tertiary volcanic rocks and may reflect silicic intrusions within the mid-crust and upper crust that are the counterparts of volcanic rocks at the surface. Although 80% of Nevada is covered by Cenozoic deposits, these deposits are thicker than 1 km over only about 20% of the state. The remaining 60% of Nevada may have pre-Tertiary basement rocks within reach of current mineral-exploration techniques. Aeromagnetic profiles from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) were analyzed in order to produce a map showing the location of shallow magnetic sources in Nevada. This analysis shows that 46% of the state has magnetic sources, generally Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous rocks, within 1 km of the surface. A linear magnetic anomaly in north-central Nevada has been interpreted by others as a rift zone active during middle Miocene time. The rift also is evident in NURE magnetic profiles, but our interpretation suggests that the magnetic expression of the rift continues south-southeast with similar strike to at least 38°N and perhaps to the amagmatic zone (lat. 37°N). The survival since the middle Miocene of this narrow crustal feature, essentially linear over a distance of 500 km, is difficult to interpret in light of later Basin and Range deformation. Our analysis of gravity anomalies shows that many deep Cenozoic basins are located near the rift, yet only two basins cut across it, and at least five others change strike near the rift, as if to avoid it. The rift may have remained linear because it is associated with crustal structures that acted to resist subsequent deformation.
Handling big data of online social networks on a small machine

Dealing with big data in computational social networks may require powerful machines, big storage, and high bandwidth, which may seem beyond the capacity of small labs. We demonstrate that researchers with limited resources may still be able to conduct big-data research by focusing on a specific type of data. In particular, we present a system called MPT (Microblog Processing Toolkit) for handling big volume of microblog posts with commodity computers, which can handle tens of millions of micro posts a day. MPT supports fast search on multiple keywords and returns statistical results. We describe in this paper the architecture of MPT for data collection and phrase search for returning search results with statistical analysis. We then present different indexing mechanisms and compare them on the microblog posts we collected from popular online social network sites in mainland China.
A Policy Analysis of the Assistive Technology Alternative Financing Program in the United States

This article highlights the need for and impact of loan financing programs for the acquisition of assistive technology. It provides a historical presentation of the origins of credit financing for people with disabilities, with particular attention to assistive technology. A policy review of assistive technology loan financing is offered, culminating in the Title III funding of the Assistive Technology Acts. The article concludes with key features of a successful program and implications for the future of credit financing in the lives of persons with disabilities.
Dissemination and Implementation Research in Emergency Medicine

Published medical research takes years to change clinical practice. The reasons for this evidence-to-practice gap are many. To address this gap, in recent years the field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science has grown dramatically. D&I studies design and test strategies to accelerate the movement of new evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers into real-world clinical practice. This article summarizes the proceedings of sessions at the 2011 and 2012 annual meetings of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine that discussed D&I studies in emergency medicine. Examples of current studies are provided, along with a review of D&I methods, funding opportunities, and suggestions for future research.
Relative Importance of Factors Affecting Customer’s Decisions to Buy Pick-Your-Own Versus Preharvested Fruit at North Carolina Farms

This study identifies the most important factors affecting customers’ decisions to buy pickyour-own versus prepicked strawberries and muscadine grapes at direct-market operations in North Carolina. The relative importance analysis identified the region of location of the operations and prices as the explanatory variable explaining most of the variation observed in the customer’s decision to choose the type of fruit to purchase. The estimated price elasticities indicate that sales of each type of fruit are very sensitive to prices.
Nonorthogonal Analysis of Variance in Repeated Measures Experimental Designs

A convenient, two-stage general linear regression approach to analysis of variance is described for use in univariate or multivariate designs involving one repeated measurement factor and one or more independent classification factors. A brief illustrative example is provided.
Oil, Water, and Climate: An Introduction: Rivers, Lakes, Aquifers, and Dams: Relation to Energy and Climate

The fresh water indispensable for life is stored in major river basins of the world and other forms of fresh water: lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater. Dams fragment rivers while regulating their flow and creating electricity. They may damage the environment and affect people in the surrounding areas. Dams have an effect on global warming, and global warming is expected to affect dams through predicted changes in the hydrological cycle, particularly precipitation. Introduction Earth provides a continually replenished supply of fresh water through a complex system of underground and surface fresh water storage and streams. The available surface fresh water in the world is found mainly in rivers, lakes, water reservoirs, and wetlands. The principal water reservoirs are artificial lakes formed by dams, whereas the wetlands are made up of swamps, marshes, lagoons, and floodplains. Large quantities of fresh water are stored underground in aquifers, sometimes for very long periods of time. Surface water and groundwater are not only essential for sustaining life on Earth but also play a crucial role in energy production and climate stability. Our daily lives and well-being depend on water resources much more than is often acknowledged. Surface Water Surface waters include lakes, reservoirs, rivers and streams, and wetlands that societies have depended on and benefited from throughout history. The flow into these water bodies comes from precipitation, runoff from melting snow, and ice and flow from groundwater systems.
Ecological Validity of Neuropsychological Tests: Focus on the California Verbal Learning Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

To date, few studies have assessed the ecological validity of current measures of memory and executive functioning, particularly the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). A battery of tests, including the CVLT and the WCST, was administered to 28 severely head-injured adults who were 1 year or more postinjury. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to assess the relationship between these cognitive tests and work functioning while statistically controlling for physical disability, emotional distress, and memory compensation strategies utilized by the participants. Results suggest that the CVLT was best at predicting performance on the job; however, the CVLT and the WCST were about equally predictive of the type of position held by a participant. Hence, this study demonstrates the ecological validity of measures of memory and executive functioning for predicting work-related skills.
Geriatric Patients on a Substance Abuse Consultation Service

The authors describe the demographic and substance use characteristics of older adults (N = 310) evaluated by a hospital-based substance abuse consultation service during a 6-year period and compares them to younger adults evaluated by the service. Older adults were more likely to use alcohol and less likely to be injection drug users and heroin, cocaine, or polysubstance users. Elderly patients were also more likely to be admitted for cardiac or gastrointestinal conditions and less likely to be admitted for infections. We estimated that only 1% of older adults admitted to the hospital were referred for substance abuse consultations. Our results suggest that substance use disorders in elderly patients are underdiagnosed and undertreated in the hospital setting.
Clinical utility of antinuclear antibody tests in children.

Background: Antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests are frequently used to screen children for chronic inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the diagnostic utility of this test is limited because of the large number of healthy children who have low-titer positive tests. We sought to determine the clinical utility of ANA tests in screening children for rheumatic disease and to determine whether there are specific signs or symptoms that enhance the clinical utility of ANA tests in children. Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis of 509 new patient referrals. Charts of patients referred because of results of ANA testing were selected for further analysis. Children with JRA, SLE, and other conditions were compared using demographic data, chief complaints at the time of presentation, and ANA titers. Results: One hundred ten patients were referred because of an ANA test interpreted as positive. Ten patients were subsequently diagnosed with SLE. In addition, we identified one patient with mixed connective tissue disease, and an additional child with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon. Eighteen children of the children referred for a positive ANA test had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Another 80 children with positive ANA tests were identified, the majority of whom (n = 39, 49%) had musculoskeletal pain syndromes. Neither the presence nor the titer of ANA served to distinguish children with JRA from children with other musculoskeletal conditions. Children with JRA were readily identified on the basis of the history and physical examination. Children with SLE were therefore compared with children with positive ANA tests who did not have JRA, designated the "comparison group." Non-urticarial rash was more common in children with SLE than in children without chronic inflammatory disease (p = 0.007). Children with SLE were also older (mean ± sd = 14.2 ± 2.5 years) than the comparison group (11.0 ± 3.6 years; p = 0.001). ANA titer was also a significant discriminator between children with SLE and children without chronic inflammatory disease. The median ANA titer in children with SLE was 1: 1,080 compared with 1:160 for other children (p < 0.0001). ANA titers of ≥1,080 had a positive predictive value for SLE of 1.0 while titers of ≤1: 360 had a negative predictive value for lupus of 0.84. Conclusion: Age and ANA titer assist in discriminating children with SLE from children with other conditions. ANA tests are of no diagnostic utility in either making or excluding the diagnosis of JRA.
Impact of inter- and intra-specific competition among larvae on larval, adult, and life-table traits of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females.

1. Few studies have taken a comprehensive approach of measuring the impact of inter- and intra-specific larval competition on adult mosquito traits. In this study, the impact of competition among Aedes aegypti (L.) and A. albopictus (Skuse) was quantified over the entire life of a cohort. 2. Competitive treatments affected hatch-to-adult survivorship and the development time to adulthood of females for both species but affected the median wing length of females only for A. albopictus. Competitive treatments had no significant effect on the median adult female longevity nor were there any effects on other individual traits related to blood feeding and reproductive success. 3. Analysis of life table traits revealed no effect of competitive treatment on the net reproductive rate (R0) but there were significant effects on the cohort generation time (Tc) and the cohort rate of increase (r) for both species. 4. Inter- and intra-specific competition among Aedes larvae may produce individual and population-level effects that are manifest in adults; however, benign conditions may enable resulting adults to compensate for some impacts of competition, particularly those affecting blood-feeding success, fecundity, and the net reproductive rate, R0. The effect of competition, therefore, affects primarily larva-to-adult survivorship and the larval development time, which in turn impacts the cohort generation time, Tc, and ultimately the cohort rate of increase, r. 5. The lack of effects of the larval rearing environment on adult longevity suggests that effects on vectorial capacity owing to longevity may be limited if adults have easy access to sugar and bloodmeals.
Perception is Not Reality: The FCPA, Brazil, and the Mismeasurement of Corruption

Recent years have seen an explosion in the number of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") enforcement actions by the U.S. government. International corporations have been faced with the challenge of complying with the FCPA in nations whose cultural and legal treatment of corruption can vary widely. Unfortunately, it is difficult for corporate compliance programs to compare FCPA risk between countries because there are no valid quantitative measure for corruption. Instead, corruption researchers have looked to statistical proxies such as the perception of corruption. A growing body of literature suggests that biases which influence corruption perception statistics prevent them from forming a valid basis for comparison between countries or over time. In spite of the limited validity of these corruption perception statistics, many lawyers in the United States advise their clients to use them to help calibrate FCPA compliance programs in their international operations. The use of corruption perception to compare risk between nations is a misuse of these statistical measures, and potentially increases the economic distortion generated by the FCPA.
Observations of neutral depletion and ion acceleration in a high-power argon helicon plasma

Summary form only given as follows. Measurements are performed on an argon helicon plasma with an axial magnetic field (with and without a magnetic nozzle) of up to 1 kG in the antenna source region and 1.5 kG at the nozzle peak. Discharges are produced for pressures between 0.15 and 5 mtorr with incident 13.56 MHz RF power levels of between 300 and 3000 W. The electron density is determined with microwave interferometer as the fill pressure and the magnetic field strength and geometry are varied. The plasma density and electron temperature are measured using a double Langmuir probe. 488 nm Ar II emission calibrated for the measured electron temperature is used to determine the axial plasma density profile. Collisional-radiative models for Ar II and Ar I are used to determine the electron temperature and neutral density respectively by comparing excited-level population densities obtained with experimental spectra with densities predicted computationally. Axial variations of plasma density, electron temperature, and neutral density are measured and discussed for a wide range of fill pressures and magnetic field strengths for the uniform and nozzle configurations. Effects of neutral depletion are observed, including an increase in the electron temperature and a maximum plasma density limit that is a function of fill pressure and the magnetic field. Observations of substantial localized plasma density reduction as the magnetic field and coupled RF power are increased are observed. Additionally, the axial ion velocity distribution function is measured using tunable diode laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to determine the effect of neutral depletion on the axial ion flux.
Testimony of Ellen Aprill on Tax Strategy Patents before the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures of the Committee on Ways & Means

The topic of patenting tax strategies raises a broad range of issues, from the most theoretical to the most practical. Questions of theory and policy include whether it is desirable for the patent law to authorize tax strategy patents and whether the government monopoly granted to a patent holder is fundamentally inconsistent with the policies underlying our tax system. Important practical issues include the impact on how tax practitioners advise their clients and their potential liability for inducing patent infringement. Issues in the middle of this spectrum include questions of institutional capacity, namely how best to ensure the quality of such patents. Like other tax lawyers who have looked at this issue, I have concerns both about tax strategy patents that may not meet the patent criteria of novelty and non-obviousness and about others that may be novel and innovative, but are inconsistent with our tax laws. My testimony will address both categories, although I am, in fact, more concerned about the former - tax strategy patents that are not in fact novel - than the latter, tax strategy patents that are inconsistent with the tax law. I will begin with the practical issues raised by tax strategy patents, go on to the consideration of how we might improve the quality of tax strategy patents, and end by comparing the purposes of the tax law with the purposes of the patent law. In brief, I conclude that because a tax strategy patent constitutes a government-granted monopoly that turns on the interpretation of federal law, tax strategy patents differ from other business method patents in ways that require attention and action from the PTO, the IRS, associations of tax professionals, and this Subcommittee.
Three-body photodisintegration of He-3

The photoneutron cross section for He3 has been measured from threshold to 30 MeV using monochromatic photons from positron annihilation in flight. The cross section reaches its maximum of about 0.95 mb at about 15 MeV. Several distinct structures are apparent, some correlated with observed fore-aft asymmetry of the photoneutrons. The integrated cross section is 13.0 MeV mb, and the 1E integrated cross section is 0.77 mb. With reasonable extrapolations to higher energies this is consistent with sum-rule predictions, well within experimental uncertainties. Current theoretical calculations are capable of accounting for the over-all size and shape of the cross section, but not for the fine details of the present measurement. NUCLEAR REACTIONS He3(γ,n), E=7.7−30.2 MeV; measured σ(E), fore-aft photoneutron asymmetry with monoenergetic photons.
What’s in a Name? Amount of Substance, Chemical Amount, and Stoichiometric Amount

The term stoichiometric amount is proposed as a substitute or a synonym for the problematic SI-base quantity amount of substance. The word stoichiometric not only makes the term highly specific in modifying the word amount, but also signals that the expression is a technical term rather than a phrase of common English words. The term can be usefully employed in explaining the mole (i.e., as a unit of stoichiometric amount) regardless of the official name of the quantity of which the mole is a unit. It can be used alongside the phrase chemical amount, which has previously been proposed as an alternative to amount of substance.
Inotropic Activity of a Series of Amino Acids.

SummaryA series of neutral ammo acids (1-leucine, 1-serine, dl-serine, 1-cysteine, 1-methionine, 1-threonine, glycine) consistently produced positive inotropic and pressor responses when administered intravenously and intra-aortically in vagotomized, open-chest dogs. The ability of DCI to decrease the positive inotropic response to the intra-aortic injection of 1-leucine and 1-methionine indicates that adrenergic receptor sites situated in the myocardium are involved. Acute bilateral adrenalectomy also decreased these positive inotropic and pressor responses, suggesting a close interaction between the adrenal system and the circulatory stimulant effects of these agents. The acidic amino acids, 1-aspartic acid and 1-glutamic acid, and the basic amino acid 1-arginine primarily depressed the myocardial force responses, with the blood pressure exhibiting a biphasic response.
147. Neural correlates of persistent fatigue-like behavior in cancer chemotherapy-treated rats

Reduced behavioral activity during acute illness in rats, likely indicative of fatigue, is dependent upon signaling from brainstem catecholamine neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) that can drive hypothalamic and midbrain arousal systems. Cancer chemotherapy induces mood and behavior/activity disturbances similar to those seen in acute illness, and acute chemotherapy-induced fatigue and mood disturbance shares common neurological substrates with immune challenges such as LPS. Fatigue persists in many patients, and we hypothesized that persistent fatigue may be associated with persistent activation of the brainstem catecholamine pathway and suppression of arousal. To explore whether brainstem catecholamine neurons could be involved in persistent fatigue associated with cancer chemotherapy, we treated middle-aged female rats with six injections of cancer chemotherapy (Cytoxan/Doxirubicin). Four weeks after cessation of chemotherapy, 50% of the rats showed evidence of persistent fatigue, based in decreased voluntary wheel running and reduced behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze, in line with the 30–40% of human cancer patients reporting symptoms of persistent fatigue. Like acutely immune challenged animals, fatigue symptoms following cancer chemotherapy were associated with activation of brainstem catecholamine neurons, which was absent in rats that did not show evidence of “fatigue”. These findings suggest that fatigue symptoms may follow from persistent drive on brainstem neurons that modulate brain arousal systems and behavior.
Assessment of Screening for Prostate Cancer Using the Digital Rectal Examination

AbstractAn early detection study for prostate cancer was initiated to determine the effect of routine digital rectal examinations on the stage of prostate cancer at diagnosis. A prostate biopsy was recommended if induration, asymmetry or nodules were detected on the digital examination. During a 6-year period 4,160 examinations were performed on 2,131 men more than 45 years old. A prostate biopsy was performed on 144 men and 36 malignant tumors were detected, of which 68 per cent were clinically localized. Pelvic lymph node metastases were found in 6 per cent of the surgically staged cancer patients and in 10 per cent of the patients who had a high grade tumor. Surgical staging revealed that 50 per cent of the patients with clinical stage B disease were upstaged to stage C or D1 disease. These results suggest that mass screening programs using digital examination may not add sufficient benefit over conventional medical care to warrant the expense. Definitive proof that screening can lower the mortality ra...
Infections and sepsis in disasters.

An increase in the rate of infection is likely to occur after many types of natural and manmade disasters. Alteration in the hose,diminution in the availability of medical care, and the failure of previously taken preventive measures will probably all play important roles in the increased incidence of infection. The type of disaster and the degree of disruption of normal society will also be a major factor.
Obama’s Victory and Black Citizenship

Obama’s 2008 win has been heralded as the final victory for Black civil rights. Narrowing this achievement to ft a mainstream civil rights narrative seems both to sell it short in terms of cross-racial and global impacts, and to expect too much from it in terms of postraciality. This framing has two significant limitations: a reinscription of the myth of meritocracy, which is often configured as American exceptionalism; and an allegiance to the Black–white binary. I analyze what we learn from this victory about the ways meritocracy, American exceptionalism, and the Black–white binary, enable the biopolitical construction and regulation of citizenship. In order to move beyond the strictures of blood logics, I build on the idea of Obama as “local”—an identity specific to Hawai‘i.
Hybrid Optical-Electrical Data Center Networks

Hybrid optical-electrical data center networks offer the high bandwidth and statistical multiplexing features from both switching technologies. The network architecture, flow management, and transmission technologies for hybrid OE DCN are discussed.
Multiple morphologies in cross-linked polyethylene

Here, a radial section of an uncross-linked miniature extruded cable was studied, the cable having been polished and cut in half, and then each half treated with one etchant. Both etchants revealed the spherulitic structure (Figure 1), much greater penetration having occurred in the case of the permanganic etchant. The general distribution of sizes of spherulites revealed by each technique was similar, confirming that molecules easily removed from spherulite boundaries by organic solvent are amorphous in character.
Stereotypes of Japanese Human Resource Management and Labour–Management Relations

The Japanese economy expanded rapidly after World War II. Most industrialised facilities had been destroyed, large financial companies had been dissolved by the occupying forces, and people were in need of food, money, and homes. Consequently, after 1945, the Japanese economy began its revival from a starting point of nothing, without financial, material, or human resources. The ‘stability of life’ was the basic need of workers.
Reckoning with Identity, Race, and Gender

This chapter provides the opportunity for comparative discussion of British artists of African descent based upon identity, gender, and sexuality. This includes their place of birth, parents’ nationality, where they were raised, the conditions in which they moved (i.e. forced or by choice), education, and each artist’s unique relationship with his or her African ancestry and cultural heritage. Among the artists included are Zarina Bhimji, Steve McQueen, Chris Ofili, and Yinka Shonibare, as well as Sonia Boyce, Sokari Douglas Camp, Allan deSouza, Godfried Donkor, and Zineb Sedira. The purpose is to elucidate the four case studies of the previous chapters with additional data, thus demonstrating how the artists’ diversity of experiences and personal convictions are essential to both the intentions behind and the interpretation of their art.