cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Story of Urban Farming and the Cultivation of Community and the Human Spirit

First paragraph: In the book Street Farm: Growing Food, Jobs, and Hope on the Urban Frontier, Michael Ableman tells the story of how an urban farm has transformed vacant lots in the Low Tracks neighborhood of Vancouver, British Columbia, into sites where food is produced, community is in part restored, and the human spirit is nurtured. Ableman’s storytelling is raw and transparent. Through this transparency, he reveals a tenuous balance between the promises of urban farming and the harsh realities of the addiction, hunger, homelessness, and violence that often characterize inner-city conditions. This balance illustrates how urban agriculture can help produce the food a city needs in a sustainable way and, perhaps more importantly, feed the souls of disenfranchised individuals and communities.
GMM estimation of spatial autoregressive models in a system of simultaneous equations with heteroskedasticity

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a GMM estimation framework for the SAR model in a system of simultaneous equations with heteroskedastic disturbances. Besides linear moment conditions, the proposed GMM estimator also utilizes quadratic moment conditions based on the covariance structure of model disturbances within and across equations. Compared with the QML approach, the GMM estimator is easier to implement and robust under heteroskedasticity of unknown form. We derive the heteroskedasticity-robust standard error for the GMM estimator. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed GMM estimator performs well in finite samples.
Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis: How to discourage surgeons using inadequate therapy

Acute appendicitis (AA) develops in a progressive and irreversible manner, even if the clinical course of AA can be temporarily modified by intentional medications. Reliable and real-time diagnosis of AA can be made based on findings of the white blood cell count and enhanced computed tomography. Emergent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is considered as the first therapeutic choice for AA. Interval/delayed appendectomy at 6-12 wk after disease onset is considered as unsafe with a high recurrent rate during the waiting time. However, this technique may have some advantages for avoiding unnecessary extended resection in patients with an appendiceal mass. Non-operative management of AA may be tolerated only in children. Postoperative complications increase according to the patient's factors, and temporal avoidance of emergent general anesthesia may be beneficial for high-risk patients. The surgeon's skill and cooperation of the hospital are important for successful LA. Delaying appendectomy for less than 24 h from diagnosis is safe. Additionally, a semi-elective manner (i.e., LA within 24 h after onset of symptoms) may be paradoxically acceptable, according to the factors of the patient, physician, and institution. Prompt LA is mandatory for AA. Fortunately, the Japanese government uses a universal health insurance system, which covers LA.
Inadvertent and Unexpected Learning: Play in Socially-Engaged Art Practices

Socially-engaged Art (SEA) has been defined as a practice geared towards social action in which the experience of its own creation becomes a central element of the artwork; as an art practice invested in experience, or what I would call a shared experience, since it solicits the audience’s participation. This dependence on social dialogue situates the negotiation between the conditions and expectations set by the artist, and the actual development of the artworks among the participants in a realm of uncertainty. It is this uncertainty that blends in aesthetic experience, social function, and education. SEA artists have used a variety of strategies while working with participants at intervening or transforming their social environments, among which is play. Artists have used a variety of strategies while working with participants at intervening or transforming everyday life, among which is play. This paper investigates how play manifests in SEA, and what roles it assumes in making possible the ideas and practices that shape a SEA in the context of a phenomenological study.
Emerging technologies in Si active photonics

Silicon photonics for synergistic electronic–photonic integration has achieved remarkable progress in the past two decades. Active photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, and photodetectors, are the key challenges for Si photonics to meet the requirement of high bandwidth and low power consumption in photonic datalinks. Here we review recent efforts and progress in high-performance active photonic devices on Si, focusing on emerging technologies beyond conventional foundry-ready Si photonics devices. For emerging laser sources, we will discuss recent progress towards efficient monolithic Ge lasers, mid-infrared GeSn lasers, and high-performance InAs quantum dot lasers on Si for data center applications in the near future. We will then review novel modulator materials and devices beyond the free carrier plasma dispersion effect in Si, including GeSi and graphene electro-absorption modulators and plasmonic-organic electro-optical modulators, to achieve ultralow power and high speed modulation. Finally, we discuss emerging photodetectors beyond epitaxial Ge p–i–n photodiodes, including GeSn mid-infrared photodetectors, all-Si plasmonic Schottky infrared photodetectors, and Si quanta image sensors for non-avalanche, low noise single photon detection and photon counting. These emerging technologies, though still under development, could make a significant impact on the future of large-scale electronicSilicon photonics for synergistic electronic-photonic integration has achieved remarkable progress in the past two decades. Active photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, and photodetectors, are the key challenges for Si photonics to meet the requirement of high bandwidth and low power consumption in photonic datalinks. Here we review recent efforts and progress in high-performance active photonic devices on Si, focusing on emerging technologies beyond conventional foundry-ready Si photonics devices. For emerging laser sources, we will discuss recent progress towards efficient monolithic Ge lasers, mid-infrared GeSn lasers, and high-performance InAs quantum dot lasers on Si for data center applications in the near future. We will then review novel modulator materials and devices beyond the free carrier plasma dispersion effect in Si, including GeSi and graphene electro-absorption modulators and plasmonic-organic electro–optical modulators, to achieve ultralow power and high speed modulation. Finally, we discuss emerging photodetectors beyond epitaxial Ge p–i–n photodiodes, including GeSn mid-infrared photodetectors, all-Si plasmonic Schottky infrared photodetectors, and Si quanta image sensors for non-avalanche, low noise single photon detection and photon counting. These emerging technologies, though still under development, could make a significant impact on the future of large-scale electronic–photonic integration with performance inaccessible from conventional Si photonics technologies-photonic integration with performance inaccessible from conventional Si photonics technologies.
Relationship Between Surgeon’s Brain Functional Network Reconfiguration and Performance Level During Robot-Assisted Surgery

The current methods of assessment of surgical performance for robot-assisted surgery are subjective. In this paper, we propose a cognitive-based method for objective evaluation of performance. Changes in brain functional networks were extracted and their relationship with performance level was investigated. We used electroencephalogram data recorded from a mentor surgeon’s brain while supervising and performing surgical tasks of varying complexity [urethrovesical anastomosis (UVA) and lymph-node dissection (LND)]. Multilayer community detection techniques were used to extract functional network communities at frequency bands of $\theta$ , $\alpha$ , lower $\beta$ , upper $\beta$ , and $\gamma$ . Results showed different detected communities while supervising and performing LND (more complex). However, for UVA (less complex), the majority of functional communities were similar. This is likely because, in less complicated tasks, the trainee’s performance more closely matched the mentor’s expectation. Entropy and power distribution through frequency bands showed minimum thermodynamic stability during $\alpha$ and the maximum during $\gamma$ . The relaxation time for channels with high entropy level was also extracted as a brain functional metric at thermodynamic stability state. These metrics may be used to quantify changes of brain functional network as performance improves.
Experimental methods for picosecond spectroscopy and applications to polyacetylene

We review various methods of laser modelocking for obtaining pulses in the picosecond and femtosecond time domains. Measuring techniques of pulse duration and picosecond pump-probe spectroscopy are explained in detail. We demonstrate the picosecond photoinduced absorption technique to obtain the dynamics of neutral photoexcitations in polyacetylene and discuss their origin.
Two Large Examples

MiniSim is a description of a very simplified gate level simulator. Only three primitives have been included: a nand gate, a D positive edge-triggered flip flop, and a wire that handles the full strength algebra that is used in Verilog. All primitive timing is unit delay, and a record is kept of the stimulus pattern number and simulation time within each pattern. Each primitive is limited to two inputs and two outputs.
On entropy and information in gene interaction networks.

Motivation Modern biological experiments often produce candidate lists of genes presumably related to the studied phenotype. One can ask if the gene list as a whole makes sense in the context of existing knowledge: Are the genes in the list reasonably related to each other or do they look like a random assembly? There are also situations when one wants to know if two or more gene sets are closely related. Gene enrichment tests based on counting the number of genes two sets have in common are adequate if we presume that two genes are related only when they are in fact identical. If by related we mean well connected in the interaction network space, we need a new measure of relatedness for gene sets. Results We derive entropy, interaction information and mutual information for gene sets on interaction networks, starting from a simple phenomenological model of a living cell. Formally, the model describes a set of interacting linear harmonic oscillators in thermal equilibrium. Because the energy function is a quadratic form of the degrees of freedom, entropy and all other derived information quantities can be calculated exactly. We apply these concepts to estimate the probability that genes from several independent genome-wide association studies are not mutually informative; to estimate the probability that two disjoint canonical metabolic pathways are not mutually informative; and to infer relationships among human diseases based on their gene signatures. We show that the present approach is able to predict observationally validated relationships not detectable by gene enrichment methods. The converse is also true; the two methods are therefore complementary. Availability and implementation The functions defined in this paper are available in an R package, gsia, available for download at https://github.com/ucsd-ccbb/gsia.
Ledinegg instability-induced temperature excursion between thermally isolated, heated parallel microchannels

Abstract Two-phase flow through heated parallel channels is commonly encountered in thermal systems used for power generation, air conditioning, and electronics cooling. Flow boiling is susceptible to instabilities that can lead to maldistribution between the channels and thereby heat transfer performance reductions. In this study, the Ledinegg instability that occurs during flow boiling in two thermally isolated parallel microchannels is studied experimentally. A dielectric liquid (HFE-7100) is delivered to the parallel channels using a constant pressure source. Both channels are uniformly subjected to the same power, which is in increased in steps. Flow visualization is conducted simultaneously with pressure drop, mass flux, and wall temperature measurements to characterize the thermal-fluidic effects of the Ledinegg instability. When the flow in both channels is in the single-phase regime, they have equal wall temperatures due to evenly distributed mass flux delivered to each channel. Boiling incipience in one of the channels triggers the Ledinegg instability which induces a temperature difference between the two channels due to flow maldistribution. The temperature difference between the two channels grows with increasing power until boiling incipience occurs in the second channel. The wall temperatures of both channels then reduce significantly as the flow becomes more evenly distributed. The experimentally observed temperature excursion between the channels is reported here for the first time and provides an improved understanding of the thermal performance implications of the Ledinegg instability in thermally isolated parallel channels.
Study on High voltage Grid-Connected PV inverter based on Modular Multilevel Converter

At present, the high-capacity centralized photovoltaic (PV) system is usually connected to the grid by three-phase full-bridge inverter + boost transformer, and its efficiency and power quality can be further improved. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has a highly modular structure, which is helpful to reduce the loss of the device and realize the redundancy of the device, and it has the advantages of high power quality, high efficiency and flexible control. A high voltage Grid-connected PV inverter based on MMC is proposed in order to realize high voltage grid-connected operation of PV without transformer. It contains Boost DC/DC converters and MMC DC/AC converter. For the front stage circuit, the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm is adopted for realizing maximum power point tracking. MMC adopts carrier phase shift modulation, additional average voltage control and voltage balancing control to suppress the imbalance between interphase and sub module voltages. The validity of the structure and control strategy is verified by simulation.
Antenatal active maternal asthma and other atopic disorders is associated with ADHD behaviors among school-aged children.

Abstract Background Identifying modifiable risk factors for neuropsychological correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early childhood can inform prevention strategies. Prenatal inflammatory states, such as maternal asthma and other atopic disorders, have been increasingly linked to enhanced risk for neurobehavioral disorders in children, with some studies suggesting sex-specific effects. Objectives To assess the association between maternal active asthma and/or atopy in the antenatal period and child symptoms of ADHD during mid-childhood and, given the male-bias in ADHD prevalence, to examine modifying effects of child sex. Study design The study sample includes 250 maternal-child pairs enrolled in the Boston-based Asthma Coalition on Community, Environment and Social Stress (ACCESS) pregnancy cohort. We defined antenatal active atopy based on maternal report of current asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis during and/or in the year before pregnancy. When children were approximately 6 years old, mothers completed a battery of standardized child behavior rating scales designed for evaluating symptoms of ADHD. We used multivariable quantile regression to assess the relations between maternal antenatal atopy and symptoms of ADHD among children. Results In adjusted models, maternal atopy was significantly associated with greater risk for ADHD behaviors, as indicated by scores on the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised ADHD index (β = 3.32, 95% CI: 0.33, 6.32). In sex-stratified models this association was stronger among girls (5.96, 95% CI = 0.95, 10.96) compared to boys (−2.14, 95% CI = −5.75, 1.45, p-interaction = 0.01). Among girls, we observed a similar finding for the Behavior Assessment System for Children 2nd Edition Parent Rating Scale Attention Problems subscale (β = 7.77, 95% CI = 1.57, 13.97). Results from other outcome subscales were similar in magnitude and direction, however, associations did not reach statistical significance at the p = 0.05 level. Conclusions Maternal antenatal active atopy may be a risk factor for the development of ADHD-like symptoms, especially among girls.
Changes in the physical properties of silver nanoparticles in cell culture media mediate cellular toxicity and uptake

Commercially available 10- to 60-nm silver nanoparticles with different surface functional groups were tested for biological activity in different cell lines. Particle uptake and stability were examined in cell culture media to determine the correlation between particle stability, uptake, and cytotoxicity. Trends in rising toxicity with decreasing particle diameter were observed; however, correlations with particle stability or uptake were not observed. The effects of different cell culture media conditions on cellular toxicity were also measured and show a need to better understand how antibiotics, routinely used in cell culture, can transform particle surfaces and how exposure timelines are important to understand how particles that change over time might have different phases of cellular activity over their lifecycles.
Progress and promise of omics for predicting the impacts of climate change on harmful algal blooms

Climate change is predicted to increase the severity and prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the past twenty years, omics techniques such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have transformed that data landscape of many fields including the study of HABs. Advances in technology have facilitated the creation of many publicly available omics datasets that are complementary and shed new light on the mechanisms of HAB formation and toxin production. Genomics have been used to reveal differences in toxicity and nutritional requirements, while transcriptomics and proteomics have been used to explore HAB species responses to environmental stressors, and metabolomics can reveal mechanisms of allelopathy and toxicity. In this review, we explore how omics data may be leveraged to improve predictions of how climate change will impact HAB dynamics. We also highlight important gaps in our knowledge of HAB prediction, which include swimming behaviors, microbial interactions and evolution that can be addressed by future studies with omics tools. Lastly, we discuss approaches to incorporate current omics datasets into predictive numerical models that may enhance HAB prediction in a changing world. With the ever-increasing omics databases, leveraging these data for understanding climate-driven HAB dynamics will be increasingly powerful.
Chapter 9 The Need to Analyze Separately the Monopolizing Character, “Abusiveness,” Competitive Impact, and Economic Efficiency of Business Choices

Preceding chapters have discussed the concepts of “monopolization,” “abusiveness,” “competitive impact,” and “economic efficiency.” This chapter explains why the monopolizing character, abusiveness, competitive impact, and economic efficiency of business conduct must be analyzed separately. Section 9.1 explains why the three concepts that play an important role in U.S. antitrust law and policy discussions—monopolization, competitive impact, and economic efficiency—must be analyzed separately. Section 2 explains why the issue of abusiveness that is salient in EC/EU competition law must be analyzed separately from the monopolization, competitive-impact, and economic-efficiency issues.
Aeroservoelastic Stability Analysis of the X-43a Stack

The first air launch attempt of an X-43A stack, consisting of the booster, adapter and Hyper-X research vehicle, ended in failure shortly after the successful drop from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center (Edwards, California) B-52B airplane and ignition of the booster. The stack was observed to begin rolling and yawing violently upon reaching transonic speeds, and the grossly oscillating fins of the booster separated shortly thereafter. The flight then had to be terminated with the stack out of control. Very careful linear flutter and aeroservoelastic analyses were subsequently performed as reported herein to numerically duplicate the observed instability. These analyses properly identified the instability mechanism and demonstrated the importance of including the flight control laws, rigid-body modes, structural flexible modes and control surface flexible modes. In spite of these efforts, however, the predicted instability speed remained more than 25 percent higher than that observed in flight. It is concluded that transonic shock phenomena, which linear analyses cannot take into account, are also important for accurate prediction of this mishap instability.
Time to Surgery and Colon Cancer Survival in the United States.

PURPOSE Time to surgery (TTS) is of concern to patients diagnosed with cancer and their physicians. Controversy surrounds the impact of TTS on colon cancer survival. There are limited national data evaluating the association; thus, our aim was to estimate the overall survival (OS) impact from increasing TTS for patients with colon cancer. METHODS Using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), we assessed OS as a function of time between diagnosis and surgery by evaluating intervals encompassing 30 days or within the first week independently increased mortality risk. There was a significant increase in mortality with TTS 31 to 60 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.13], 61 to 90 (HR 1.49), <7 (HR 1.56), 91 to 120 (HR 2.28), and 121 to 180 (HR 2.46) compared to surgery performed 7 to 30 days after diagnosis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TTS is independently associated with OS and this represents a public health issue that should be addressed at a national level. Although time is required for evaluation before surgery, efforts to reduce TTS should be pursued.
Neoadjuvant radiation improves margin-negative resection rates in extremity sarcoma but not survival.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Radiation improves limb salvage in extremity sarcomas. Timing of radiation therapy remains under investigation. We sought to evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant radiation (NAR) on surgery and survival of patients with extremity sarcomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-institutional database was used to identify patients with extremity sarcomas undergoing surgical resection from 2000-2016. Patients were categorized by treatment strategy: surgery alone, adjuvant radiation (AR), or NAR. Survival, recurrence, limb salvage, and surgical margin status was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1483 patients were identified. Most patients receiving radiotherapy had high-grade tumors (82% NAR vs 81% AR vs 60% surgery; P < .001). The radiotherapy groups had more limb-sparing operations (98% AR vs 94% NAR vs 87% surgery; P < .001). NAR resulted in negative margin resections (90% NAR vs 79% surgery vs 75% AR; P < .0001). There were fewer local recurrences in the radiation groups (14% NAR vs 17% AR vs 27% surgery; P = .001). There was no difference in overall or recurrence-free survival between the three groups (OS, P = .132; RFS, P = .227). CONCLUSION In this large study, radiotherapy improved limb salvage rates and decreased local recurrences. Receipt of NAR achieves more margin-negative resections however this did not improve local recurrence or survival rates over.
Link Is Not Silent: Queer Disability Positivity in Fan Readings of The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild

This chapter uses the video game The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and the transnational online communities surrounding it as a case study to explore the intersections between configurations of queerness and disability. It discusses how fan artists and writers have created stories of the game’s protagonist negotiating trauma and disability through his queer relationships and friendships while envisioning a positive yet nuanced representations of a society in which difference is enthusiastically accepted. Through an analysis of the visual and narrative strategies employed in fancomics, this chapter argues that multilingual fannish conversations on social media are capable of constructing and normalizing progressive frameworks for how difference is portrayed and accommodated within global gaming cultures.
The Effect of Ideology and Resource Advantages on Appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court

Scholars examining the relationship between the federal appellate courts and the U.S. Supreme Court have heretofore explored a myriad of explanations for how the Supreme Court determines which case...
Learning to teach: A novel method for assessing surgical trainees' teaching and operative knowledge.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a simulated teaching activity as an assessment of surgical knowledge and teaching competencies. Methods In this prospective observational study, 15 residents and 1 fellow in the Department of Surgery watched three video clips of laparoscopic cholecystectomies and provided feedback to a participant learner. Qualitative and statistical analysis identified differences in surgical knowledge and teaching strategies. Results As compared to senior trainees, junior trainees were more likely to speculate on the learner’s actions (p = 0.033), identify which actions looked correct (p = 0.028), and speculate more on the learner’s thoughts (p = 0.02). Senior trainees noted case difficulty more frequently (p = 0.028), identified more actions that looked incorrect (p = 0.004), and speculated more about the learner’s emotions (p = 0.033). Conclusions A simulated teaching scenario successfully assessed operative and teaching competencies, suggesting a novel assessment method.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for primary management for trigeminal neuralgia

Object. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) as the primary rather than secondary management for trigeminal neuralgia. Methods. Eighty-two patients underwent GKS as their first neurosurgical intervention (Group A), and 90 patients underwent GKS following a different procedure (Group B). All GKS patients were treated with a maximum dose of 75 Gy. The single 4-mm isocenter was placed close to the junction of the trigeminal nerve and the brainstem. Six-month follow up was available for 126 patients and 12-month follow up for 84 patients. Excellent (no pain and no medicine) or good (at least 50% reduction in pain and less medicine) relief was more likely to occur in Group A than in Group B patients 6 and 12 months following GKS for trigeminal neuralgia (p = 0.058). Excellent or good results were also more likely in patients with trigeminal neuralgia without multiple sclerosis (MS) (p = 0.042). The number and type of procedures performed prior to GKS, the inter...
Building an Ideological Fortress: The Role of Spirituality, Encapsulation, and Sensemaking

An ethnography explores the role of religious values and beliefs in building an "ideological fortress": a worldview that is seemingly impervious to attack. Specifically, this study develops the metaphor of an ideological fortress and how spirituality serves as "bricks," "wall," and "mortar" in that fortress. Used in these ways, religious values and beliefs facilitate member sensemaking by helping to socially encapsulate members, and by patching up inconsistencies within the ideology (i.e., "ideological holes"). Implications for the role of spirituality in organizational sensemaking and control are discussed.
Hybrid Remnant-Sparing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair-Reconstruction

Abstract In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the remnant ACL is often debrided in an effort to improve visualization of patient anatomy and reduce surgical difficulty. However, retention of the tibial remnant of a torn ACL theoretically portends several advantages. These include preservation of knee proprioception and mechanoreceptors, an enhanced biological environment for healing, and accelerated revascularization and ligamentization of the graft. Despite these advantages, it is not a widely adopted practice and the optimal technique is still subject to debate. The purpose of this technical note is to describe our preferred technique for performing hybrid ACL reconstruction with remnant incorporation.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Success of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Ferric Sulfate as Pulpotomy Medicaments for Primary Molars.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic performance of a new type of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA, NuSmile® NeoMTA®) and ferric sulfate (FS) as pulpotomy medicaments for primary molars over 12 months. Methods: Fifty participants (25 per group) were enrolled, according to specific inclusion criteria. Each participant received a single primary molar pulpotomy either with MTA or FS, depending on random digit table method allocation. Fifteen pediatric dental residents completed all pulpotomies, supervised by specialist faculty. Two calibrated examiners performed outcome assessments according to standardized criteria. Every six months, the study teeth were evaluated clinically and every 12 months radiographically. The inter- and intraexaminer reliability was assessed using Cohen's kappa, and the chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: At six months, 42 participants (21 in each group) returned for evaluation. The FS group showed 95.2 percent clinical success compared to 100 percent for the MTA group. At the 12-month clinical and radiographic evaluation, the return sample consisted of 29 participants (14 in the MTA group, 15 in the FS group). FS had 86.6 percent clinical success and 60 percent radiographic success, while MTA showed 100 percent clinical and radiographic success. At 12 months, MTA showed a statistically significantly higher success rate compared to FS (P = 0.008). Examiner reliability was excellent with a kappa score greater than 0.88. Conclusion: At 12 months, MTA showed superior success as a pulpotomy medicament in primary molars compared to FS.
Outcomes of Femoral Neck Fracture Treated With Hip Arthroplasty in Solid Organ Transplant Patients.

Background Solid organ transplant (SOT) patients have increased risk of complications, infection, and mortality after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). The study aims to compare SOT recipients' clinical outcomes to a matched group of nontransplant patients after nonelective THA and hemiarthroplasty for acute femoral neck fracture (FNF). Methods A retrospective review identified 31 SOT patients undergoing hip arthroplasty (24 hemiarthroplasty and 7 THA) for FNF and were matched 1:1 to non-SOT patients based on age, sex, body mass index, surgical procedure, and year of surgery. Patient survivorship, perioperative outcomes, complications, and reoperations were compared. The mean follow-up was 3 years. Results The estimated survivorship free from mortality for SOT and non-SOT patients at 1- year was not different (77% and 84%, respectively, P = .52). The 90-day readmission rate was significantly higher with 8 (26%) in the SOT cohort and none in the non-SOT group (P < .01). Major medical complications occurred in 16% of SOT patients compared to 5% in controls (P = .21). Three (10%) reoperations/revisions were required for SOT patients and none in non-SOT group (P = .24). Conclusion SOT recipients undergoing nonelective hip arthroplasty for FNF demonstrated increased readmission rates compared to matched controls. For this rare clinical scenario, diligent perioperative care by surgeons and multidisciplinary transplant specialists is necessary to mitigate increased risk of SOT patients.
An exploratory study of time spent with interactive technology and body mass among young adults

Explored connection between young adult BMI and time spent on interactive technology.We used technology time as independent variable and BMI as dependent variable.Young adult access to interactive technology was not related to BMI.Time with video chat, social networking, and email higher among obese young adults. Young adulthood (18-25years old) is a risky time period for the development of obesity and is an understudied population in terms of identifying weight-related determinates. Previous research has identified correlations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and sedentary behaviors, including television, among children and adolescents. Young adults have an affinity for interactive technologies (i.e., email, cell phones, social networking and video chat), but at present no studies have investigated the association between BMI and interactive technologies. A major contribution from this study was the conceptualization of time spent with interactive technology as the dependent variable and Body Mass Index and the independent variable. Young adults (N=802) reported their height, weight, and weekly time spent with interactive technology. Obese participants reported significantly more time spent with email, social networking, video chat, and total technology time than their non-obese peers. It is proposed that obese young adults use interactive technologies more frequently than non-obese young adults because interactive technologies facilitate unobtrusive interactions and a mechanism to control social interactions.
The Validity of Health Information Gained through Radio Advertising

(1945). The Validity of Health Information Gained through Radio Advertising. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 102-105.
On the Way to California

IT'S BEEN A WEEK. Priester's been gone a week, and the baby cries for him. Melissa doesn't know she's crying for him, but when the time comes in the evening for Priester to feed her, he isn't there. And in the night, when she wakes, she thinks it will be Priester who's coming to comfort her. Instead she hears my voice, feels the lighter weight of my hand on her back. She wishes it were his hand, his voice. He calms her. He cajoles her, sings to her ponderous songs like "The Volga Boatman" and "It's Dark as a Dungeon Way Down in the Mine." Listening at the door, I'm aston ished his off-key renditions soothe her. What does she understand of these words "Yo ho, heave ho" or "Tote that barge, lift that bale?" But she sleeps. We all drank too much that night. It wasn't the first time: something about the Yellow Man inspires us to ignore health and safety. Perhaps it's the battle he and Gwen wage in public; or maybe it's the absurd paintings which litter their tiny studio ?trout and atomic bombs exploding and prisms of color. What made that night so different? We had dinner down stairs and left our door open to listen for Melissa if she cried. We drank wine, celebrating the sale of Iwamasa's used car. (The week before it had been the finding of my earring.) What I remember is Priester at the open window watching the wind shake the trees across the street. "It's going to be severe," he said. "That's what they predict on the radio. There's a warning." The window had no curtain or shade to let in every ounce of daytime light for Iwamasa's painting. But it seemed that night to be a huge space, as big as the night itself. "We could turn on the TV," Gwen said. "No, let's see it live." Priester smiled just as the first lightning crackled over the houses in the distance.
Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Publisher Summary Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) is the current term for a group of related neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by similar behavioral profiles. Autistic disorder is the most widely studied and best described of these disorders. It is characterized by deficits in social relatedness, deficits in language and communication, and stereotyped and restricted patterns of behavior, and is frequently but not always accompanied by mental retardation. Researchers stressing both cognitive and social/affective deficits as primary are in agreement that the fundamental problem is a neurological, and not an environmental one. Differential diagnosis was a conceptual problem for early autism research. It is believed that autism was a variant of or precursor to schizophrenia. The specific behavioral manifestations of these traits differ by degree of accompanying retardation and age. A high-functioning, older autistic individual may attempt to be social, but violate implicit rules of social behavior and be insensitive to unspoken social signals, while a low-functioning or much younger autistic individual may react to other people as if they were little different from inanimate objects.
Survey on time synchronization technology in networks

With the rapid development of network communication diversification, time synchronization mechanism play an increasingly important role in the network application. However, because of the complexity of the network environment, cause in practice it is difficult to meet different application on time synchronization mechanism needs. So, this article selects the Internet, infinite sensor network and P2P network three different types of typical network as the research object, based on their current time synchronization protocols and algorithms are analyzed and studied, to discuss the specific network system based on the existing algorithm time synchronization mechanism for future new network or special network implementation time synchronization technology to provide guidance and reference.
Spatio-temporal Matching for Human Detection in Video

Detection and tracking humans in videos have been long-standing problems in computer vision. Most successful approaches (e.g., deformable parts models) heavily rely on discriminative models to build appearance detectors for body joints and generative models to constrain possible body configurations (e.g., trees). While these 2D models have been successfully applied to images (and with less success to videos), a major challenge is to generalize these models to cope with camera views. In order to achieve view-invariance, these 2D models typically require a large amount of training data across views that is difficult to gather and time-consuming to label. Unlike existing 2D models, this paper formulates the problem of human detection in videos as spatio-temporal matching (STM) between a 3D motion capture model and trajectories in videos. Our algorithm estimates the camera view and selects a subset of tracked trajectories that matches the motion of the 3D model. The STM is efficiently solved with linear programming, and it is robust to tracking mismatches, occlusions and outliers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper that solves the correspondence between video and 3D motion capture data for human pose detection. Experiments on the Human3.6M and Berkeley MHAD databases illustrate the benefits of our method over state-of-the-art approaches.
Singular-Core-Interaction and One-Pion-Exchange Constraints on the Off-Shell Two-Nucleon T Matrix

A method is given for generalizing the Baranger et al.-Haftel construction of the off-shell two-nucleon $T$ matrix so as to incorporate the constraints due to singular core interactions (described by the boundary condition model) and the one-pion-exchange tail of the two-nucleon potential.
CHANGES IN USER TASK STRATEGY DUE TO SYSTEM RESPONSE DELAY

Despite recent advances in computer technologies, system response time remains an important factor in determining system usability, especially for newer and yet unperfected technologies such as speech recognition. Previous investigations of response delay have produced contradictory results. This study attempts to systematically investigate the relationship between response delay and a user's choice of task strategy. We address two questions. First, does response delay have a significant effect on user performance? Second, if response delay does affect user performance, can we define a model that describes the relationship?
A four-component model for high-/spl mu/ ferrites

New models for the components of complex permeability are proposed to explain experimental measurements of inductors wound on high-permeability ferrite toroidal cores. In order to represent ferrite properties more directly, parallel instead of series complex permeability is used. The quantities mu '/sub p/ and mu "/sub p/ are modeled for their asymptotic low-frequency property as well as for their frequency-dependent behavior. Low-frequency data for mu '/sub p/ versus induction, B, are reasonably matched by a parabolic curve, whereas the reciprocal of mu "/sub p/ B shows a distinctive linear dependence, which is a new finding. To explain it, the authors conjecture the existence of B-induced conductivity. The frequency dependences of mu '/sub p/ and mu "/sub p/ were measured at three different levels of B. Each component appears to roll off at high frequency from a constant low-frequency value. Computer-aided polynomial curve fittings were used to quantify the data. Snoek's limit values are tabulated. >
Laser surface-melting of metals studied by PAC

High purity Pt, Ni, Cu, Fe and Al metal foils were electroplated with carrier-free111In probe atoms and melted at 293 K using 32 ns ruby laser pulses with energy densities in the range 1–10 J cm−2. Three distinct lattice locations of the probe atoms were detected in the melted surface layers using perturbed γ-γ angular correlation spectroscopy: (i) defect-free substitutional sites, (ii) non-unique sites with broad distributions of quadrupole interactions, and (iii) a probemonovacancy complex (for Pt only). The defect-free fraction was found to approach 100% when Pt is irradiated at 9 J cm−2. The fraction of probes on defect-free sites was found to increase with the energy density of the pulse and with the solubility of In in the metals. The data are consistent with the idea that laser surface-melting produces high concentrations of vacancies and lattice sinks, although no thermal trapping of point defects was detected.
A PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT

The author is Assistant Professor of Business Administration, University of California, Los Angeles, and Research Economish Real Estate Research Program. This paper is derived from the author's Investment Time Scheduling in Urban Reconstruction. Acknowl" edgements are due Leo H. Klaassen, Leendert M. Koyck, and Jaap J, Muilwijk for their substantial assistance with the basic document, and John F. Kain and Noriko H. Fukuda for helpful comments on an earlier draft.
Supereruptions of the Snake River Plain: Two-stage derivation of low-δ18O rhyolites from normal-δ18O crust as constrained by Archean xenoliths

Supereruptive volumes of low-δ 18 O rhyolites define the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone Plateau volcanic province, begging the question of the sources and the processes by which 18 O-depleted magmas are generated. New analyses show that Archean crustal xenoliths from the central and eastern Snake River Plain have normal-δ 18 O signatures of 6‰–9‰, precluding them as a low-δ 18 O source in the genesis of >10,000 km 3 of low-δ 18 O (δ 18 O 18 O rhyolites have variable crust (∼30%–50%) and mantle (∼50%–70%) proportions that are specific for each eruption. Low-δ 18 O rhyolites can be traced along a genetic array of mixing lines from normal-δ 18 O rhyolite end members to a low-δ 18 O (∼–1‰) source. The data support a two-stage magma genesis process, in which normal-δ 18 O rhyolites are generated by partial melting and hybridization of the crust by mantle-derived basalt, and low-δ 18 O rhyolites tap ∼20%–80% of hydrothermally altered portions of normal-δ 18 O rhyolitic rocks. This two-stage magma genesis process may be applicable to other caldera systems around the world for which the characteristic O isotope depletions are either less pronounced or undiscovered.
The Effect of Tracer Density on Melt Flow Characterization in Continuous Casting Tundishes–A Modeling Study

Mathematical and physical modeling have been extensively used to study the fluid flow phenomena taking place in continuous casting tundishes. Tracer dispersion studies are commonly carried out to characterize the overall fluid flow behavior within the tundish. It is shown in this paper that the buoyancy forces introduced by using a tracer whose density is different from that of the fluid in the tundish may have a significant effect on the fluid flow behavior within the tundish. A three-dimensional mathematical model for solving fluid flow equations incorporating the buoyancy force has been developed to study the fluid flow behavior in continuous casting tundishes. Water modeling experiments have also been carried out to verify the mathematical model.
Evidence for a Functional Interaction between Integrins and G Protein-activated Inward Rectifier K+ Channels

Heteromultimeric G protein-activated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels, abundant in heart and brain, help to determine the cellular membrane potential as well as the frequency and duration of electrical impulses. The sequence arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), located extracellularly between the first membrane-spanning region and the pore, is conserved among all identified GIRK subunits but is not found in the extracellular domain of any other cloned K+ channels. Many integrins, which, like channels, are integral membrane proteins, recognize this RGD sequence on other proteins, usually in the extracellular matrix. We therefore asked whether GIRK activity might be regulated by direct interaction with integrin. Here, we present evidence that mutation of the RGD site to RGE, particularly on the GIRK4 subunit, decreases or abolishes GIRK current. Furthermore, wild-type channels can be co-immunoprecipitated with integrin. The total cellular amount of expressed mutant GIRK channel protein is the same as the wild-type protein; however, the amount of mutant channel protein that localizes to the plasma membrane is decreased relative to wild-type, most likely accounting for the diminished GIRK current detected. GIRK channels appear to bind directly to integrin and to require this interaction for proper GIRK channel membrane localization and function.
Mitochondrial inner membrane in hypothyroidism.

Abstract Inner membrane vesicles obtained from the liver mitochondria of hypothyroid and normal rats were compared. In the vesicles from hypothyroid rats the rate of ATP synthesis at 30 °C is 35–50% less than the normal rate. The Arrhenius profile for phosphorylation by such vesicles lacks the discontinuity at 21 °C that is seen with vesicles from normal rats; at temperatures below about 9 °C the rate of phosphorylation by vesicles from hypothyroid rats is not lower than normal. The phospholipids of hypothyroid vesicles contain higher mole fractions of 18:2 (linoleic), 18:3 (linolenic or γ-linolenic), and 20:3 (eicosatrienoic) and lower fractions of 20:4 (arachidonic), 22:3 (docosatrienoic), and 22:4 (docosatetraenoic); the unsaturation index, mainly due to 20:4, is 10% less than in normal vesicles. Injecting hypothyroid rats with l -thyroxine 3 days before preparation of vesicles corrects the relative contents of these unsaturated fatty acids as well as the Arrhenius profile and also increases the phosphorylation rate at 30 °C. Respiration and cytochrome a content do not differ for membrane vesicles prepared from livers of rats in the various thyroid states. A metabolic defect in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in hypothyroidism may be involved in the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane.