cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of production and postmortem technologies on composition and palatability of USDA Select grade beef

Improvement of USDA Select grade beef is essential for consumer acceptance of leaner beef. Seventy-two large- and medium-framed steer calves of mixed breeding were used in two experiments to evaluate feedlot performance, carcass composition, and beef palatability. Interactions of dietary energy level (corn concentrate or corn silage), breed type (Angus or Simmental), carcass electrical stimulation (ES) voltage (low or high), and chilling rate (normal or delayed) were determined. Grain-fed cattle had similar initial and slaughter weights, heavier carcasses, more marbling, higher quality grades, and higher dressing percentages (Exp. 2) compared with silage-fed cattle, even though all cattle were visually selected for a constant grade end point. Simmental cattle had heavier initial slaughter and warm carcass weights, larger loin eye area, less fat depth, and lower yield grade than Angus cattle. Percentage of lean in the 9-10-11th rib was lower and percentage of fat was higher for grain-fed and Angus steers than for silage-fed and Simmental steers, respectively. Neither diet nor breed influenced chemical composition of the edible portion, except that separable lean in Angus steers was higher in ether extract. No differences in palatability existed between Angus and Simmental steaks. High ES voltage compared with low voltage improved some tenderness characteristics and reduced some juiciness scores. The USDA Select grade beef of accepted palatability can be produced on either corn-grain or corn-silage diets, and only minor differences in beef palatability in such cattle are caused by ES voltage.
Overall survival based on MSI and BRAF mutation status for stage II/III colorectal cancer.

132Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in the United States. Some of the poor prognostic factors for metastatic CRC (mCRC) include BRAF V600E...
Abstract P291: Early Risk of Readmission Following Hospitalization for Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

Introduction: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by diffuse cerebral vasoconstriction that can last up to 3 months. While most patients have a benign clinical cou...
Models of Body Image for Boys and Men

This chapter reviews three models of body image disturbance (the tripartite influence model, objectification theory, and gender role endorsement) with a focus on their applicability to boys’ and men’s body image concerns. Variables and pathways with empirical support among samples of boys and men were integrated into a unified conceptual model to synthesize the current research and generate ideas for future research and clinical efforts. This unified model includes five domains (i.e., sources of social influence, internalization of societal messages, appearance salience, body-related distress, and body change behaviors) and articulates variables with empirical support within each domain. Pathways between domains are mapped, and variables that may impact the strength of these paths are considered. The chapter ends with a discussion of how this model can be used to direct future research, public policy, prevention efforts, and clinical interventions with boys and men who have body-related distress and engage in disordered eating.
K-Shell Decomposition of AS Level Multigraphs

The Internet is one of the immense human-engineered systems and understanding of the topology can be helpful for network engineers and researchers. Categorization of Autonomous Systems (ASes) plays an essential role in understanding the structure and evolution of the Internet. However, the traditional categorization exhibits variation in different studies, contains ambiguity, involves subjectiveness, and sometimes does not match the reality. A better approach to classify ASes is defining the AS level topology maps as graphs and taking advantage of the graph properties through k-shell decomposition. However, the proposed solutions neither capture the parallel connections nor incorporate the varying business relations among the ASes. Abstracting ASes without any internal structure is an oversimplification since the ASes in the Internet span over various geographic regions and often cover the same regions in part or whole. In this work, we introduce k-shell decomposition on AS level multigraphs and comparison with AS level graphs. The decomposition is based on pruning the graphs according to the nodes’ connectivity pattern to generate a layered structure of the Internet. In our experiments, we analyze the structure of the shells and the connectivity structure of the Internet. Additionally, we compare top-20 ASes to understand the central core of the Internet. Our comparative results help us to understand the structure of the Internet better.
The Changing Demographics of Surgical Trainees in General and Vascular Surgery: National Trends over the Past Decade.

Objective Recent initiatives have targeted the issue of gender and ethnic/racial disparities in general surgery and vascular surgery. However, the prevalence of these disparities in general and vascular surgical training programs is unknown. Design A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from three separate sources, including the US Graduate Medical Education annual report, Electronic Residency Application Service database, and National Resident Matching Program annual report. Demographic information regarding gender distribution and ethnic/racial identity was collected from 328 general surgery residency programs, 59 vascular surgery residency programs, and 100 vascular surgery fellowship programs across the US. The primary outcomes of this study were to evaluate national trends in gender and ethnic diversity in general surgery and vascular surgery training programs, including both traditional fellowship and integrated residency paradigms. Results From 2011-2020, general surgery residency programs showed a positive trend towards both female applicants (from 31.9%-41.5%) and trainees (from 36.2%-43.1%) (p Conclusion While general surgery programs have expanded in proportion of both female applicants and trainees, racial diversity has decreased. Gender and racial diversity in vascular training has not changed. Future initiatives in general and vascular surgery should focus on recruitment and promotion of proficient women and minority trainees.
Dependence of the Threshold Field Intensity of Ferrite Films on Intrinsic Damping and Secondary Microwave Signal

Nonlinearity is important for a wide variety of engineering applications. Magnon scattering processes can be exploited in order to realize energy efficient magnonic devices. The ability of an additional secondary microwave signal in modifying such nonlinear behavior becomes important in the context of dynamic control of nonlinearity. However, an application-oriented study of the nonlinearity dependence on various parameters remains to be carried out. In this work, we demonstrate the dependence of threshold field intensity on intrinsic damping and the field intensity of the secondary signal. The secondary frequency at which the threshold attains the maxima is shown to scale with the intrinsic damping. In addition, the increase in the intensity of the secondary frequency is found to increase the primary threshold field, thus allowing for dynamic control of nonlinearity. We also explain the position of cusps that occur in the threshold field intensity as the secondary signal frequency is varied.
Core Concepts in Nutritional Anthropology

As a discipline whose aim is to understand the human animal and its place in the natural order of things, a hallmark of anthropology is that its practitioners often engage in research that has the effect of making the familiar strange, and the strange familiar. For example, nutritional anthropologists examine practices in contemporary Euro-American societies that are taken for granted as simply “normal” or “natural” and reveal how culture-bound they actually are. The structure of meals, in which foods are served sequentially with soup first and dessert last, strikes people in other parts of the world as quite peculiar. They also seek to understand and “make sense” out of culinary practices that at first encounter appear to be irrational, such as the prohibition of beef consumption in food-scarce, poor Hindu villages. On more careful study, this prohibition turns out to be ecologically sound because of the complex energetic relationships of animals, humans, fuel, and agricultural production in South Asia [1].
African wild plants with rootstocks reported to be eaten raw: the Monocotyledons, part III

The Iridaceae includes a number of geophytes with apparently edible rootstocks. This is particularly true of the tropical species of Lapeirousia, the corms of four of which are reported to be eaten raw: Lapeirousia bainesii, found in semi-arid portions of the southern summer-rain climate region, locally common in sandy soil; Lapeirousia coerulea, primarily central and northern Namibia (summer-rain), seasonally damp locations, locally common; Lapeirousia erythrantha, primarily the northeastern portion of the southern summer-rain climate region with outliers in northern (summer-rain) Nigeria, sometimes found in large masses; Lapeirousia schimperi,primarily central portions of the southern summer-rain climate region with disjunct populations in eastern Africa, including west central Sudan, found in seasonally damp locations, locally common. Ferraria glutinosa: warning, corms said to be eaten raw, but also reported to be a hallucinogen and poisonous.
Modelling of the vapor shield mechanism during high heat flux ablation of surfaces

Summary form only. The ablation process occurring at material surfaces in electromagnetic launchers, electrothermal guns, etc., which has a profound impact on device performance in the areas of projectile drag, conversion efficiency, and component lifetime, has been studied. The vapor shield mechanism that develops to form the ablation plasma boundary layer under these conditions has been modeled. Of critical importance is the fraction f of energy transmitted through the vapor shield during the exposure time. One-dimensional, time-dependent, MHD calculations (MAGFIRE code) have been performed in conjunction with the photon radiation transport to predict f. A global, time-dependent code ZEUS then solved particle and energy balance equations for the purpose of comparison with actual ablation measurements. The ZEUS code simulates the plasma conditions in the electrothermal gun breech region. A formal solution for the radiative transfer equation has been derived, and the results have been compared with the results using the diffusion approximation. >
Inhibition by Fluoride Ion of Hormonal Activation of Fat Cell Adenylate Cyclase

Abstract The adenylate cyclase system in a plasma membrane-rich fraction termed "ghosts" from rat adipocytes is activated by epinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucagon, and secretin, and is also stimulated in the presence of fluoride ion. Studies of the temperature dependency of activation by these agents showed that whereas hormonal activation occurs down to 10°, activation by fluoride ion is minimal below 25°. When the enzyme system is incubated at temperatures below 25° with combinations of fluoride and each of the hormones, no hormonal activation is observed. At higher temperatures, enhanced activity observed in the presence of combinations of fluoride and hormones is probably due to fluoride alone. Thus fluoride abolishes hormonal activation of the adenylate cyclase system. The inhibitory effect of fluoride ion is independent of the concentration of the hormone. The inhibitory effect is also independent of the concentration of either ATP or magnesium ion in the assay system. The concentration dependency of the inhibitory effect is similar to that required for fluoride activation of the system. These observations provide the first evidence that fluoride exerts some effect on a process related to hormone action on adenylate cyclase. It is suggested that fluoride acts at some point on the pathway by which hormonal interaction with the receptor leads to an increase in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. This process may involve the "coupling" between the receptor and catalytic components of this complex enzyme system.
A Very Fast Method for Clustering Big Text Datasets

Large-scale text datasets have long eluded a family of particularly elegant and effective clustering methods that exploits the power of pair-wise similarities between data points due to the prohibitive cost, time-and space-wise, in operating on a similarity matrix, where the state-of-the-art is at best quadratic in time and in space. We present an extremely fast and simple method also using the power of all pair-wise similarity between data points, and show through experiments that it does as well as previous methods in clustering accuracy, and it does so with in linear time and space, without sampling data points or sparsifying the similarity matrix.
Disciplining Sexual Harassers in the Unionized Workplace: Judicial Precedent is Influencing Arbitrator Attitudes, Awards

In 1998, a male kitchen worker, L_, ended his shift at a veterans’ hospital and headed to the locker room. He started making jokes about the relationship that President Clinton had had with his intern, Monica Lewinsky. While several male coworkers egged him on, S_, another kitchen worker, did not. Suddenly, without prompting, L_ asked S_ if he wanted to engage in oral sex. S_, who was quite embarrassed, said, “L_, you’re sick,” and quickly tried to leave the locker room. As S_ opened the door to leave, L_ repeated the question, forming the words in a whisper. The next day, S_ told his supervisor that he was so distraught about the incident that he could not sleep the previous night. When questioned about the incident, L_ claimed he was only teasing and joking, and that his supervisors had always condoned this type of behavior in the men’s locker room. After investigating S_’s complaint, the employer suspended L_ for five days for using obscene, disrespectful language towards another employee. This type of behavior was expressly prohibited in the employee handbook, and L_ had previously been disciplined for verbally abusing a patient and a nurse. Beyond that, L_ had taken on-the-job training in sexual harassment, which taught him that vulgar and obscene language could create a hostile work environment. L_ challenged his suspension by filing a grievance through his union. The grievance ultimately led to an arbitration hearing. Arbitrator Sandra Smith Gangle upheld L_’s suspension,1 pointing out that the United States Supreme Court had construed
Manchester's Workers

ALTHOUGH ONE TITLE DISGUISES the fact, both these books are about Manchester. Hanlan's study, a revision of his 1979 Clark Ph.D. thesis written under Hareven's supervision, is a community study, conceived "in the spirit of the developing tradition of a new social history." (xv) Hareven's volume is a continuation of her ambitious project which has previously resulted in a number of articles and the justifiably highly-praised Amoskeag: Life and Work in an American Factory-City (New York: Pantheon 1978), co-authored by Randolph Langenbach. As Hareven's title suggests, her book stands firmly on the terrain of family history, but it transcends many of the familiar problems of that field by its constant effort to relate family to work. A study of the Amoskeag Mills in Manchester, New Hampshire, in the first three decades of the twentieth century, this volume demands careful reading as the most thorough attempt yet in the North American literature to bring together the insights of family history and working-class history. It manages to disappoint as well as to stimulate. Hareven's project, which commenced in 1971, set out to study the mill workers through a combination of traditional historical research (newspapers, company records, labour sources), kinship reconstitution (based on a sample of the extensive employment records of the company), and oral history. This mix of historical methods results in a study that can actually begin to address many of the questions about which other quantitative social historians, because of their limited sources, can only speculate wildly. The book, however, shares some similar problems with that work. First, the single background chapter, '"The Historical Context," drawn largely from Amoskeag, does not provide
Differences in muscle activation patterns among the quadriceps femoris muscles during fatiguing isokinetic leg extensions

The purpose of this investigation was to use electromyography (EMG) combined with pattern classification procedures to examine differences in activation among the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles during fatiguing concentric isokinetic muscle actions. Ten men (mean ± SD age = 22.4 ± 1.2 yrs) and six women (mean ± SD age = 23.0 ± 2.1 yrs) performed 50 consecutive maximal concentric isokinetic muscle actions of the dominant leg extensors at a velocity of 180 ◦ /s. During each muscle action, bipolar surface EMG signals were detected from the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM). These signals were then processed with a wavelet analysis, and the resulting intensity patterns were classified using pattern classification procedures. The results demonstrated that the EMG intensity patterns could be separated into muscle- specific groups with rates ranging from 89-100% and classified with accuracy levels between 84% and 100%. These findings showed muscle-specific activation patterns in the quadriceps femoris muscles, despite common femoral nerve innervation. These differences in activation likely reflected the different roles of each muscle during leg extension. Future studies need to be done to further examine these differences during other activities that include movement at the hip joint, such as running and cycling.
Lock Coarsening: Eliminating Lock Overhead in Automatically Parallelized Object-Based Programs

Atomic operations are a key primitive in parallel computing systems. The standard implementation mechanism for atomic operations uses mutual exclusion locks. In an object-based programming system the natural granularity is to give each object its own lock. Each operation can then make its execution atomic by acquiring and releasing the lock for the object that it accesses. But this fine lock granularity may have high synchronization overhead. To achieve good performance it may be necessary to reduce the overhead by coarsening the granularity at which the computation locks objects.
Functional skeletal morphology and its implications for locomotory behavior among three genera of myosoricine shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)

Myosoricinae is a small clade of shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) that is currently restricted to the African continent. Individual species have limited distributions that are often associated with higher elevations. Although the majority of spe- cies in the subfamily are considered ambulatory in their locomotory behavior, species of the myosoricine genus Surdisorex are known to be semifossorial. To bet- ter characterize variation in locomotory behaviors among myosoricines, we calculated 32 morphological indices from skeletal measurements from nine species representing all three genera that comprise the sub- family (i.e., Congosorex, Myosorex, Surdisorex )a nd compared them to indices calculated for two species with well-documented locomotory behaviors: the ambu- latory talpid Uropsilus soricipes and the semifossorial talpid Neurotrichus gibbsii. We summarized the 22 most complete morphological variables by 1) calculating a mean percentile rank for each species and 2) using the first principal component from principal component analysis of the indices. The two methods yielded simi- lar results and indicate grades of adaptations reflecting a range of potential locomotory behaviors from ambula- tory to semifossorial that exceeds the range repre- sented by the two talpids. Morphological variation reflecting grades of increased semifossoriality among myosoricine shrews is similar in many respects to that seen for soricines, but some features are unique to the Myosoricinae. J. Morphol. 276:550-563, 2015. V C 2015
Day-long glucose, insulin, and fructose responses of hyperinsulinemic and nonhyperinsulinemic men adapted to diets containing either fructose or high-amylose cornstarch

Ten hyperinsulinemic and 11 nonhyperinsulinemic men consumed a typical American diet containing 20% of calories either as fructose or as high-amylose cornstarch for 5 wk in a crossover design to determine their effects on indices of glucose tolerance. Blood glucose, insulin, and fructose were determined before and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Glucose responses were significantly lower 60 and 120 min and the insulin response lower 60 min after the meals containing fructose. Hyperinsulinemic men showed a tendency toward decreased insulin sensitivity after consuming fructose on the basis of an increased insulin-to-glucose ratio and decreased insulin binding to erythrocytes. These results generally show a beneficial effect of fructose on glucose tolerance; however, recommendations for including large amounts of fructose in the diet should also be based on a complete evaluation of the effect on other metabolic risk factors.
An inverse approach to validate the importance of motor ability and sport on purposeful play and lifelong vigorous physical activity

Introduction Identifying an appropriate physical education (PE) curriculum that will enable children to embrace lifelong vigorous physical activity (LVPA) is often discussed among practitioners. Although there exists no centralized pedagogical approach, many PE models follow a (1) «physical fitness» approach with an emphasis on «fitness-related» activities or; (2) a skill-based, motor competence approach attached to the concept of Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD). Although the number of longitudinal investigations that support a motor competence approach to LVPA are sparse, there is support that acquired motor ability empowers children and adolescents with the confidence to move frequently in a variety of movement settings [1] , [2] , [3] . In contrast, longitudinal studies that tie the «physical fitness» approach to LVPA are nearly non-existent. Experience Longitudinal studies require time thus, an «inverse approach» to identify particular motor or sport skills among adults may help to further validate and expedite the notion that acquired motor ability is a critical curricular component for children in the school setting. The purpose of this project is to qualitatively identify the use of a specific «motor vocabulary» in the context of a purposeful play environment among adult (male and female university students) participants. Qualitative identification of motor abilities in combination with a participant survey of LVPA patterns and PE experience will be assessed. Critical analysis Established motor competence and confidence among adolescents and adults has been identified as an indicator for participation in LVPA, and potentially enhance various fitness parameters [3] . Further research is needed to validate the relationship between adult motor ability and LVPA. This inverse observational approach may be a useful platform to help implement the appropriate physical education curriculum in the school setting. Conclusion The main implication is that the acquisition of fundamental motor ability should be the primary basis from which movement competence and confidence are achieved. These attributes are key components from childhood into adulthood that can positively impact LVPA, improve fitness, and prevent chronic illness and disease [2] .
Effect of P-nitrophenyl phosphate on the short-circuiting current in the turtle bladder

Abstract 1. 1. Addition of p- nitrophenyl phosphate (final concentration, 4.0 mM) to a glucose-enriched serosal fluid of the short-circuited bladder of Pseudemys scripta is followed by a decrease in the short-circuiting current ( I sc ) to half the control level after about 45 min; and concomitantly, in the generation of p- nitrophenol which reaches concentrations of 0.03–0.06 mM in the serosal fluid after 45–60 min. The pattern of decline of I sc follows that of accumulation of p- nitrophenol in the serosal fluid 2. 2. Identical additions of p- nitrophenyl phosphate to glucose-free serosal fluids have no effect on I sc over and above the usual decline occasioned by removal of glucose per se. 3. 3. Addition of p- nitrophenyl phosphate to the mucosal bathing fluid is not followed by decreases in I sc , and fails to induce the appearance of p- nitrophenol . 4. 4. Direct addition of the phenols, p- nitrophenol or 2,4-dinitrophenol, to the serosal or to the mucosal bathing solution is also followed by a decrease in I sc to half its control level after 50–60 min; an effect elicited when the final concentration of p- nitrophenol is 1.0 mM, but not when the final concentration is 0.1 mM. 5. 5. The mean times required for 50% inhibition of I sc by p- nitrophenyl phosphate, p- nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol: 42, 58, and 44 min respectively are not significantly different from one another ( P > 0.1 ) 6. 6. It is suggested that serosal p- nitrophenyl phosphate is hydrolyzed by a membrane-bound phosphatase to its phenolic product p- nitrophenol which interferes with mitochondrial ATP production and consequently with the energy supply for maintenance of Na+ transport.
Mr. Right and Mr. Right Now: romantic and casual partner-seeking online among young men who have sex with men.

Dating is a normative behavior for youth, yet few studies have examined the relationship between romantic partner-seeking and sexual behavior among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). This omission is most notable across studies examining YMSM’s partner-seeking behaviors online. In this study, we examined the relationship between sexual behaviors and online partner-seeking behaviors for casual and romantic partners in a sample of YMSM (N = 431; M = 21.49 years old, SD = 1.94) who reported using the Internet to meet other men. Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), we found YMSM in the High Romantic/High Casual group had more unprotected partners than YMSM in other categories. YMSM in the High Romantic/Low Casual group had fewer unprotected partners than the High Romantic/High Casual group. We discuss the implications of our findings and conclude that there is a need to further examine romantic partner-seeking among YMSM.
Laser-induced thermotherapy of renal cell carcinoma in man: dosimetry, ultrasound, and histopathologic correlation

Laser-induced thermoterapy (LITT), is the interstitial application of laser energy to achieve tissue coagulation by a thermal process. This is achieved by implanting the laser delivery fiber directly into the target tissue and firing the laser. LITT is being investigated and evaluated clinically as a treatment for renal tumors. The objective of this study was to determine if ultrasound could be used as a real-time monitoring modality of LITT during the coagulation process. Ultrasound characterization was correlated with histopathologic changes and dosimetry. In addition, temperature was monitored and correlated as well.
The Italian new wave: Identity work and socialization practices in a community of new Italian immigrants in America

The majority of works on language in Italian immigrant communities in the USA concern immigrants of the 19th and 20th century migratory waves and their descendants. There is, however, a lack of stu...
A Realistic Model For The Water-amorphous Silica Interface: Insights Into The Electrical Double Layer And Bioengineering Applications

The physical and chemical properties of the amorphous silica-water interface are crucial for fundamental understanding of electrical double layer and electrokinetic phenomena, and for various applications including chromatography, sensors, metal ion extraction, and the construction of micro- and nanoscale devices for biomedical applications. The model reported here, which includes both dissociated and undissociated silanol groups on the surface, is a step toward a practical microscopic model of this important system. Our calculated value for the heat of immersion, 0.3Jm-2, falls within the range of reported experimental values (0.2-0.8Jm-2). The silica surface is characterized by hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, depending on the statistical variations in silanol group density. This, and other properties, have been successfully benchmarked against ab initio MD simulations. We report structural and dynamical properties of the electrical double layer for various ionic strengths, testing venerable theories like the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. We are extending our model to allow simulation of proteins, nucleic acids and other polymers near the surface.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Entropy of convex hulls: some Lorentz norm results

Let A be a subset of a type p Banach space E, 1 < p ≤ 2, such that its entropy numbers satisfy, (en(A))n ∈ lq,s for some q,s ∈ (0, ∞). We show (en(aco A))n ∈ lr,s for the dyadic entropy numbers of the absolutely convex hull aco A of A, where r is defined by 1/r = 1/p' + 1/q. Furthermore, we show for slowly decreasing entropy numbers that (en(A))n ∈ lq,s implies (en(aco A))n ∈ lp',s for all 0 < s < ∞ and q defined by 1/q = 1/p' + 1/s.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in silica from the JOIDES Deep Sea Drilling Project

Abstract Water extracted from opal-CT (“porcellanite”, “cristobalite”), granular microcrystalline quartz (chert), and pure fibrous quartz (chalcedony) in cherts from the JOIDES Deep Sea Drilling Project is 56‰ to 87‰ depleted in deuterium relative to the water in which the silica formed. This large fractionation is similar in magnitude and sign to that observed for hydroxyl in clay minerals and suggests that water extracted from these forms of silica has been derived from hydroxyl groups within the silica. δ18O-values for opal-CT at sites 61, 64, 70B and 149 vary from 34.3‰ to 37.2‰ and show no direct correlation with depth of burial. Granular microcrystalline quartz in these cores is 0.5‰ depleted in18O relative to coexisting opal-CT at sediment depths of 100 m and the depletion increases to 2‰ for sediments buried below 384 m. These relationships suggest that opal-CT forms before significant burial while granular microcrystalline quartz forms during deeper burial at warmer temperatures. The temperature at which opal-CT forms is thus probably approximately equal to the temperature of the overlying bottom water. Isotopic temperatures deduced for opal-CT formation are preliminary and very approximate, but yield Eocene deep-water temperatures of 5–13°C, and 6°C for the upper Cretaceous sample. Pure euhedral quartz crystals lining a cavity in opal-CT at 388 m in core 8-70B-4cc have aδ18O value of +29.8‰ and probably formed near maximum burial. The isotopic temperature is approximately 32°C.
Educating community gatekeepers about alcohol abuse in women: changing attitudes, knowledge and referral practices.

Two workshops were designed to influence community gatekeepers' knowledge, attitudes and referral practices toward women alcohol abusers. Both didactic and experiential approaches were employed by a staff of experts and facilitators in the area of alcohol abuse in women. Workshop participants completed self-administered pre- and post-workshop questionnaires and a six month follow-up questionnaire was administered via telephone interview to participants in the first workshop. The workshop format was successful in increasing participants' knowledge about alcohol abuse and women alcohol abusers and gains in knowledge persisted for six months. However, little change in attitudes or behavior was found. The importance of considering the prior training and background characteristics of participants is highlighted. In part, the limited success of the workshop may be due to its appeal primarily to gatekeepers relatively knowledgeable about women's issues and/or alcoholism. New interventions must design outreach te...
Poster: Efficient record linkage techniques

Record linkage or deduplication integrates records across multiple data sources. We propose sequential and parallel techniques for record linkage using complete linkage clustering. The key idea of these approaches is radix sorting and blocking on data attributes and producing a graph-based solution. These methods have been tested on real datasets as well as synthetic datasets. They identify records belong to individuals with almost 100% accuracy.
Distinct Regulation of pH in the Cytosol and in Acidic Organelles by a Subunit Isoforms of V-ATPase in Human Cancer Cells

V-ATPases are expressed at the plasma membrane (pmV-ATPases) in highly metastatic cells, in addition to their typical distribution in acidic organelles [endosomes/lysosomes (E/L)]. Distinct a subunit isoforms of V-ATPase target the V-ATPase to different cellular membranes. There are 4 a subunit isoforms (a1, a2, a3, and a4). The a3 and a4 isoforms are found at the plasma membrane in osteoclasts and renal intercalated cells, respectively. We employed isoform-specific siRNA to selectively reduced the mRNA levels of each isoform in highly metastatic human melanoma (C8161) and breast (MB231) cancer cells. Inhibition of V-ATPase with concanamycin decreased in vitro cell invasion. Knockdown of either a3 or a4 also inhibits cell invasion. Simultaneous measurements of pH in the cytosol (pHcyt) and in E/L (pHE/L) using pH fluoroprobes targeted to the cytosol or E/L indicated that in C8161 cells, the steady state pHcyt was more acidic in cells transduced with either siRNA-a3 or -a4. Knockdown of a3 in MB231 decreased pHcyt, whereas siRNA-a1, -a2 and -a4 did not affect pHcyt. The pHE/L was more alkaline by knockdown of either a1, a2, or a3 in MB231, whereas in C8161 the pHE/L was increased by siRNA-a1 or -a2. The proton fluxes following an acid load were significantly decreased by knockdown of a1, a2, and a3 in MB231 cells. These data suggest that specific a subunits of V-ATPase control pH in E/L and the cytosol in highly metastatic cells; and that a3 and a4 are significant for pH regulation across the plasma membrane, whereas a1, a2 and a3 are important for pHE/L regulation. These data emphasize the significance of a3 and a4 for the acquisition of an invasive phenotype in metastatic cells.
Ctenidial autotomy in Corbicula fluminea in response to massive granulomas

Large granulomas (greater than 2 millimeters in diameter), stimulated by the presence of and formed around necrotic larval tissue in the inner demibranchs of Corbicula fluminea, are eliminated by autotomy. Granulocytes invade and destroy ctenidial epithelium adjacent to the granuloma, causing it and the granuloma to slough away into the mantle cavity, where they are removed as pseudofeces.
The stereochemistry and biosynthesis of hybridalactone, an eicosanoid from

Abstract The stereochemistry of the marine eicosanoid, hybridalactone, has been determined experimentally to be as in 2, in accord with a proposed scheme of biosynthesis from eicosapentaenoic acid.
Attitudes towards colorectal cancer screening in Lynch syndrome families: how do they change from pre-test genetic counseling to 6 and 12-months post-disclosure?

Background Adherence to colonoscopy recommendations can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the use of colonoscopy among persons at risk for Lynch syndrome prior to clinical genetic testing (CGT) and how notification of mutation carrier status affects screening behaviors. The goal of this study was to evaluate colonoscopy use and attitudes towards CRC screening among unaffected relatives of Lynch syndrome mutation carriers before pre-test genetic counseling (baseline) and 6 and 12 months after disclosure of the test results. The primary outcomes of interest were colonoscopy utilization, commitment to screening for colonoscopy, self-efficacy regarding screening adherence, and the benefits, barriers, and efficacy of CRC screening.
Design OLN optimized low cost wireless sensor networks

This paper describes a design technique and its implementation for OLN (Optimized Low-cost Node) a wireless sensory network node. The basic design considerations include low cost, small foot print factor with a flexibility to modularize the sensory inputs and supports for dual mode wireless communications. The uniqueness of this work include: (1) high level programming language C support for the low cost miniaturized 8-bit CPU development environment; (2) modular RF unit to support ZigBee, and other ASK/FSK RF band, and (3) dual mode sensor input support, e.g., analog and digital sensor input. Detailed steps of the design are given in this paper. Experiments are conducted to verify the design, and they confirmed the design objectives.
Efficient parallel CFD-DEM simulations using OpenMP

The paper describes parallelization strategies for the Discrete Element Method (DEM) used for simulating dense particulate systems coupled to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). While the field equations of CFD are best parallelized by spatial domain decomposition techniques, the N-body particulate phase is best parallelized over the number of particles. When the two are coupled together, both modes are needed for efficient parallelization. It is shown that under these requirements, OpenMP thread based parallelization has advantages over MPI processes. Two representative examples, fairly typical of dense fluid-particulate systems are investigated, including the validation of the DEM-CFD and thermal-DEM implementation with experiments. Fluidized bed calculations are performed on beds with uniform particle loading, parallelized with MPI and OpenMP. It is shown that as the number of processing cores and the number of particles increase, the communication overhead of building ghost particle lists at processor boundaries dominates time to solution, and OpenMP which does not require this step is about twice as fast as MPI. In rotary kiln heat transfer calculations, which are characterized by spatially non-uniform particle distributions, the low overhead of switching the parallelization mode in OpenMP eliminates the load imbalances, but introduces increased overheads in fetching non-local data. In spite of this, it is shown that OpenMP is between 50-90% faster than MPI. OpenMP parallelization of a CFD-DEM code.Validation of the CFD-DEM code.OpenMP has clear advantage over MPI for dynamic load imbalance case of fluid-particulate system.Parallel performance comparison using fluidized bed and rotary kiln simulations.Full scale rotary kiln simulation using OpenMP parallel code.
Risk stratification in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: routine cardiac catheterization and angiography is a reasonable approach in most patients

Noninvasive risk assessment in survivors of AMI can effectively subdivide patients into groups with differing risk profiles after hospital discharge, but some patients at risk for late death or recurrent AMI may be incorrectly identified; data from cardiac catheterization and angiography provide complementary and generally more powerful prognostic information. Many patients may derive particular benefit from early cardiac catheterization and angiography, including: (1) patients with AMI complicated by recurrent myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, and/or complex ventricular arrhythmias; (2) patients with abnormal or inconclusive results of noninvasive testing or those patients unable to perform an exercise test; (3) patients with abnormal left ventricular global systolic function and those with increased left ventricular end-systolic volume; (4) “young” patients (younger than 50 years of age?); (5) older patients (older than 65 to 70 years of age?); (6) patients with non-Q wave AMI; and (7) patients who are receiving thrombolytic therapy. Performance of early cardiac catheterization and angiography in virtually all survivors of AMI, with selective use of appropriate noninvasive tests, may provide a more efficacious means of risk assessment after AMI; if all tests are performed judiciously, the cost of such an approach need not be excessive. A combination of invasive and selected noninvasive tests probably provides optimal information. The risks to the routine performance of diagnostic cardiac catheterization and angiography in all survivors of AMI are: (1) adequate care and attention may not be paid to proper performance of the procedure(s) and to detailed and proper analyses of the data; (2) the need for additional noninvasive testing in selected patients may be ignored; and most importantly, (3) premature or unnecessary revascularization procedures may be performed subsequently.164 For optimal patient care, the clinician must obtain all necessary data, avoid unnecessary and repetitive tests, know the accuracy of individual tests at his or her own facility, interpret all data in proper context, and then counsel patients objectively about available management strategies. With this approach, all patients who might appropriately benefit from coronary artery revascularization will be correctly identified, and patients who are truly at very low risk (minimal residual coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function particularly if associated with a patent infarct-related artery) may be similarly identified and managed appropriately with elimination of unnecessary additional testing and pharmacologic therapy. Finally, whatever approach to risk stratification one chooses for an individual patient, the importance of and the need to correct and/or ameliorate risk factors for coronary artery disease must be recognized and undertaken.
Novel C1 symmetric zirconocenes containing substituted indenyl moieties for the stereoregular polymerization of propylene

Abstract The synthesis and polymerization behavior of four new asymmetric ansa -metallocenes containing a fluorenyl moiety and a substituted indenyl moiety is reported. The zirconocenes diphenylsilylene-(η 5 -9-fluorenyl)-[η 5 -1-(3- t -butyl)indenyl]-zirconium dichloride ( 4 ), dimethylsilylene-(η 5 -9-fluorenyl)-[η 5 -1-(3- t -butyl)indenyl]-zirconium dichloride ( 5 ), ethylene-1-(η 5 -9-fluorenyl)-2-[η 5 -1-(3- t -butyl)indenyl]-zirconium dichloride ( 6 ), and diphenylsilylene-(η 5 -9-fluorenyl)-[η 5 -1-(2-methyl-4-phenyl)indenyl]-zirconium dichloride ( 8 ) were all found to be highly active for the polymerization of both ethylene and propylene when activated with excess methylaluminoxane. Compound 8 was found to produce highly isotactic polypropylene with an [mmmm] value of 83%.
Role of protons in the thermodynamic contribution of a Zn(II)-Cys4 site toward metalloprotein stability.

The current limited understanding of the free energy contributions of metal−protein interactions toward metalloprotein stability is largely due to an inability to separate the energetics of the met...
Optimization of helium-steam binary cycles for HTGRs

Abstract This paper describes techniques for determining optimum plant configuration and operating conditions for complex binary cycles employing feedwater heaters, moisture separators, multi-stage compressors, and a regenerator. A model describing the efficiency of binary cycles is developed in a form suitable for optimization. As part of the optimization procedure, the system is partitioned into Brayton and Rankine portions by fixing coupling variables, and then for fixed values of coupling variables the two cycles are optimized separately. Dynamic programming is used in the Rankine portion of the binary cycle and a modified search technique in the Brayton cycle. For the range of reactor outlet and boiler saturation temperatures examined, and for boiler exit temperature up to 536°C, binary cycle efficiencies become optimum at 371°C boiler saturation temperature, 110°C to 170°C superheat, no regeneration for reactor exit temperatures below 1170K and appreciable amount of regeneration above 1170K. Optimum binary cycle efficiencies are 0.506, 0.533 and 0.560 for reactor exit temperatures of 1060 K, 1170 K and 1280 K, respectively.
Risk-Pooling and Herd Survival: An Agent-Based Model of a Maasai Gift-Giving System

We use agent-based modeling to study osotua, a gift giving system used by the Maasai of East Africa. Osotua’s literal meaning is “umbilical cord,” but it is used metaphorically to refer to a specific type of gift-giving relationship. Osotua relationships are characterized by respect, responsibility and restraint. Osotua partners ask each other for help only if they are in need and provide help only when asked and only if they are able. We hypothesize that under the ecologically volatile conditions in which Maasai pastoralists have traditionally lived, such a system is particularly suited to risk pooling. Here we explore whether osotua increases the viability of herds by comparing herd survivorship and stability under osotua rules to a) no exchange and b) probabilistic rules for requesting and giving livestock. Results from this model suggest that this gift-giving system can dramatically increase herd longevity through a limited pooling of risk.
MR elastography following focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids

Background Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is a technique in which shear waves are induced in soft tissues and are imaged by Magnetic Resonance (MR) is to assess tissue stiffness. While gadolinium has served as the standard for assessing immediate post treatment changes in the fibroids, some patients may have allergies to gadolinium preventing use of this contrast agent. Additionally, some patients may experience transient reduction in vascularity to non-treated fibroid tissue due to vessel spasm or other factors, which could possibly lead to overestimation of the treated volume. As of now, no studies have been performed to assess the mechanical changes associated with thermal damage to fibroid tissues induced by the MRguided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatment. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate whether shear waves can be propagated through the uterus and distinguish fibroids from normal uterine tissue and to evaluate for any post changes in follow up MR exams.
Attraction of male pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola, to female-infested pear shoots

Post-diapause winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), exhibit a highly clumped distribution in late winter in pear orchards. The behaviors leading to clumped distributions in this species are unknown, but could include aggregation for mating activities. Choice tests and assays with an olfactometer were done to test whether male psylla of the overwintering morphotype are attracted to pear shoots infested by post-diapause females and to shoots previously occupied by females. Paired choice tests in small arenas showed that males accumulated on pear shoots currently occupied or previously occupied by females if those shoots were paired with uninfested shoots or shoots previously occupied only by males. Assays with an olfactometer showed that males were attracted to volatile odors from female-infested or previously infested shoots. The exact source of the attractants (i.e., the female psylla, the pear shoot, or a combination of these sources) remains to be determined.