cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subspace Approximation of Face Recognition Algorithms: An Empirical Study

We present a theory for constructing linear subspace approximations to face-recognition algorithms and empirically demonstrate that a surprisingly diverse set of face-recognition approaches can be approximated well by using a linear model. A linear model, built using a training set of face images, is specified in terms of a linear subspace spanned by, possibly nonorthogonal vectors. We divide the linear transformation used to project face images into this linear subspace into two parts: 1) a rigid transformation obtained through principal component analysis, followed by a nonrigid, affine transformation. The construction of the affine subspace involves embedding of a training set of face images constrained by the distances between them, as computed by the face-recognition algorithm being approximated. We accomplish this embedding by iterative majorization, initialized by classical MDS. Any new face image is projected into this embedded space using an affine transformation. We empirically demonstrate the adequacy of the linear model using six different face-recognition algorithms, spanning template-based and feature-based approaches, with a complete separation of the training and test sets. A subset of the face-recognition grand challenge training set is used to model the algorithms and the performance of the proposed modeling scheme is evaluated on the facial recognition technology (FERET) data set. The experimental results show that the average error in modeling for six algorithms is 6.3% at 0.001 false acceptance rate for the FERET fafb probe set which has 1195 subjects, the most among all of the FERET experiments. The built subspace approximation not only matches the recognition rate for the original approach, but the local manifold structure, as measured by the similarity of identity of nearest neighbors, is also modeled well. We found, on average, 87% similarity of the local neighborhood. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the linear model for algorithm-dependent indexing of face databases and find that it results in more than 20 times reduction in face comparisons for Bayesian, elastic bunch graph matching, and one proprietary algorithm.
A Fully Integrated Dual-Mode Highly Linear 2.4 GHz CMOS Power Amplifier for 4G WiMax Applications

In recent years, there has been tremendous interest in trying to implement the power amplifier in CMOS, due to its cost and integration benefits. Most of the high power (watt-level) CMOS PAs reported to date have not exhibited sufficient linearity required for next generation wireless standards. In this paper, we report a single-chip linear CMOS PA with sufficient power and linearity for emerging OFDM-based 4G WiMAX applications. This 90 nm 2.4 GHz CMOS linear power amplifier uses a two-stage transformer-based power combiner and produces a saturated output power of 30.1 dBm with 33% PAE and 28 dB small-signal gain. A novel bypass network is introduced to ensure stability without sacrificing gain. The choice of optimal biasing and capacitive compensation produces very flat AM-AM and AM-PM response up to high power. The PA has been tested with OFDM modulated signal and produces EVM better than -25 dB at 22.7 dBm average power. Graceful power back-off is demonstrated through turning off one of the stages, allowing low-power operation with enhanced efficiency.
The Cystic Fibrosis Intestine

The clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) result from dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR). The majority of people with CF have a limited life span as a consequence of CFTR dysfunction in the respiratory tract. However, CFTR dysfunction in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract occurs earlier in ontogeny and is present in all patients, regardless of genotype. The same pathophysiologic triad of obstruction, infection, and inflammation that causes disease in the airways also causes disease in the intestines. This article describes the effects of CFTR dysfunction on the intestinal tissues and the intraluminal environment. Mouse models of CF have greatly advanced our understanding of the GI manifestations of CF, which can be directly applied to understanding CF disease in humans.
Homologous Recombination Deficiency: Exploiting the Fundamental Vulnerability of Ovarian Cancer

Approximately 50% of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) exhibit defective DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR) due to genetic and epigenetic alterations of HR pathway genes. Defective HR is an important therapeutic target in EOC as exemplified by the efficacy of platinum analogues in this disease, as well as the advent of PARP inhibitors, which exhibit synthetic lethality when applied to HR-deficient cells. Here, we describe the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of HR-deficient EOCs, discuss current and emerging approaches for targeting these tumors, and present challenges associated with these approaches, focusing on development and overcoming resistance. Significance: Defective DNA repair via HR is a pivotal vulnerability of EOC, particularly of the high-grade serous histologic subtype. Targeting defective HR offers the unique opportunity of exploiting molecular differences between tumor and normal cells, thereby inducing cancer-specific synthetic lethality; the promise and challenges of these approaches in ovarian cancer are discussed in this review. Cancer Discov; 5(11); 1137–54. ©2015 AACR .
Increased Mortality Among Older Veterans Admitted to VA Homelessness Programs.

Objective:National Death Index data were examined to describe mortality patterns among older veterans who are homeless.Methods:Homelessness and health care records from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs were used to identify old (ages 55–59) and older (ages ≥60) veterans who were (N=4,475) or were not (N=20,071) homeless. Survival functions and causes of death of the two samples over an 11-year follow-up period were compared.Results:Substantially more veterans who were homeless (34.9%) died compared with the control sample (18.2%). Veterans who were homeless were approximately 2.5 years younger at time of death compared with the control sample. Older veterans who were homeless had the lowest survival rate (58%). No disease category appeared to be critical in reducing survival time. Suicide was twice as frequent in the homeless (.4%) versus the control (.2%) sample.Conclusions:Older veterans who were homeless experienced excess mortality and increased suicide risk.
Rhinoviruses and Their Receptors: Implications for Allergic Disease

Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are picornaviruses that can cause a variety of illnesses including the common cold, lower respiratory tract illnesses such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and exacerbations of asthma. RVs are classified into three species, RV-A, B, and C, which include over 160 types. They utilize three major types of cellular membrane glycoproteins to gain entry into the host cell: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (the majority of RV-A and all RV-B), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family members (12 RV-A types), and cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) (RV-C). CDHR3 is a member of cadherin superfamily of transmembrane proteins with yet unknown biological function, and there is relatively little information available about the mechanisms of RV-C interaction with CDHR3. A coding single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6967330) in CDHR3 could promote RV-C infections and illnesses in infancy, which could in turn adversely affect the developing lung to increase the risk of asthma. Further studies are needed to determine how RV infections contribute to pathogenesis of asthma and to develop the optimal treatment approach to control asthma exacerbations.
Tuning the selectivity and sensitivity of an OmpG nanopore sensor by adjusting ligand tether length.

We have previously shown that a biotin ligand tethered to the rim of an OmpG nanopore can be used to detect biotin-binding proteins. Here, we investigate the effect of the length of the polyethylene glycol tether on the nanopore’s sensitivity and selectivity. When the tether length was increased from 2 to 45 ethylene repeats, sensitivity decreased substantially for a neutral protein streptavidin and slightly for a positively charged protein (avidin). In addition, we found that two distinct avidin binding conformations were possible when using a long tether. These conformations were sensitive to the salt concentration and applied voltage. Finally, a longer tether resulted in reduced sensitivity due to slower association for a monoclonal antibiotin antibody. Our results highlight the importance of electrostatic, electroosmotic, and electrophoretic forces on nanopore binding kinetics and sensor readout.
Determinants of Performance Improvement in Training under Time-Sharing Conditions

A one-dimensional compensatory tracking task and a digit-processing, reaction-time task were combined to assess three aspects of training under time–sharing conditions: (1) Manipulation of desired performance levels for dual-task performance comparing performance under single-task demands vs. adjustment to dual-task demands; (2) training under equal and unequal task priorities in time-sharings; (3) reveated sequence of single-dual task presentations. Six groups of 10 subjects participated in the experiment. Larger performance improvements under time–sharing conditions were observed when performance demands were based on dual–task performances than on single-task performances. Training under unequal task priorities revealed that tracking was more sensitive to priority differences than the digit-processing task. Whereas tracking performances improved during single-task training, digit-processing improved only in the time-sharing conditions, suggesting that improvement on the tracking task is in the specific...
Abstract 5203: Domains that distinguish Akt1 from Akt2 in cell migration

Domains that distinguish Akt1 from Akt2 in cell migration Sharmila B. Natarajan, Guo-Lei Zhou and Jeffrey Field Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 The Akt family of kinases, Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3 are activated in many cancers where they play critical role in cell survival, metabolism and migration. There are distinctive roles for Akt1 and Akt2 in cell migration where, depending on the cell type, loss of Akt1 can either stimulate or inhibit cell migration. Previous work from our lab demonstrated that loss of Akt2 stimulated cell motility and that, based on chimeras, the kinase domains of Akt1 and Akt2 are interchangeable. Specificity is conferred by the PH domain and a linker domain that separates the PH domain from the kinase domain. To address regions that are required to rescue Akt1 knockouts, which have reduced cell motility, we performed rescue experiments with mouse embryo fibroblasts from Akt1 knockout mice. Our results are in concordance with a study by E. K. Kim et al., (Cell Signaling, 2008) where they found that the linker region is again likely to confer specificity. Importantly, we found that a new construct, in which only the linker domain of Akt1 was swapped into Akt2, stimulated cell migration of Akt1 knockouts. Additionally, we find that both Akt1 and Akt2 associate with the Pak protein kinase but through different mechanisms. These studies suggest that differences in interaction with Pak may underlie the opposing effects of Akt1 and Akt2 on cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5203.
Toward a Second World Third Cinema: anti-colonial internationalism in Tadeusz Jaworski's 80 Days of Lumumba

ABSTRACTDrawing upon a concept first elaborated by Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino in 1969, in this paper I develop a concept of Second World Third Cinema that draws attention to both Second World solidarity with the decolonizing Third World, and the internal contradictions of the Soviet Union's anti-imperialist politics during the Cold War. I do so by examining the documentary short film, 80 dni Lumumby/80 Days of Lumumba (1962), a collaborative effort between Polish filmmaker Tadeusz Jaworski and the Polish journalists Ryszard Kapuścinski and Marian Turski. This newsreel-style film documents the meteoric rise and tragic murder of Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of independent Belgian Congo, at a time when the right to national self-determination within the Socialist Bloc (and of Poland in particular) remained dubious, at best. Although the political goal of a film like 80 Days of Lumumba was to build anti-imperialist consensus in socialist Poland in accordance with the demands of Soviet Un...
Selective Cobalt-Catalyzed Reduction of Terminal Alkenes and Alkynes Using (EtO)2Si(Me)H as a Stoichiometric Reductant.

While attempting to effect Co-catalyzed hydrosilylation of β-vinyl trimethylsilyl enol ethers, we discovered that, depending on the silane, solvent, and the method of generation of the reduced cobalt catalyst, a highly efficient and selective reduction or hydrosilylation of an alkene can be achieved. This paper deals with this reduction reaction, which has not been reported before in spite of the huge research activity in this area. The reaction, which uses the air-stable [2,6-bis(aryliminoyl)pyridine)]CoCl2 activated by 2 equiv of NaEt3BH as the catalyst (0.001–0.05 equiv) and (EtO)2SiMeH as the hydrogen source, is best run at ambient temperature in toluene and is highly selective for the reduction of simple unsubstituted 1-alkenes and the terminal double bonds in 1,3- and 1,4-dienes, β-vinyl ketones, and silyloxy dienes. The reaction is tolerant of various functional groups such as bromide, alcohol, amine, carbonyl, di- or trisubstituted double bonds, and water. Highly selective reduction of a terminal ...
Effects of Using Heterogeneous Prices on the Allocation of Impacts from Electricity Use: A Mixed‐Unit Input‐Output Approach

Summary Economic input-output life cycle assessment (IO-LCA) models allow for quick estimation of economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with goods and services. IO-LCA models are usually built using economic accounts and differ from most process-based models in their use of economic transactions, rather than physical flows, as the drivers of supply-chain GHG emissions. GHG emissions estimates associated with input supply chains are influenced by the price paid by consumers when the relative prices between individual consumers are different. We investigate the significance of the allocation of GHG emissions based on monetary versus physical units by carrying out a case study of the U.S. electricity sector. We create parallel monetary and mixed-unit IO-LCA models using the 2007 Benchmark Accounts of the U.S. economy and sector specific prices for different end users of electricity. This approach is well suited for electricity generation because electricity consumption contributes a significant share of emissions for most processes, and the range of prices paid by electricity consumers allows us to explore the effects of price on allocation of emissions. We find that, in general, monetary input-output models assign fewer emissions per kilowatt to electricity used by industrial sectors than to electricity used by households and service sectors, attributable to the relatively higher prices paid by households and service sectors. This fact introduces a challenging question of what is the best basis for allocating the emissions from electricity generation given the different uses of electricity by consumers and the wide variability of electricity pricing.
When Laws Are Not Enough: Violence against Women and Bureaucratic Practice in Nicaragua

Despite the passage of numerous laws in Latin America, impunity in domestic violence cases remains a serious concern throughout the region. This article draws on feminist theories of the state to analyze how the routine practices of low-level state bureaucrats impact women’s experiences navigating legal institutions in urban Nicaragua. Drawing on ten months of ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews, I show how, contrary to theories of representative bureaucracy, the increased presence of women officials within state institutions does not improve most women’s treatment by police or prosecutors. Rather, only when women have access to specific forms of social capital are their cases granted legitimacy by state actors. This article illustrates the routine practices by which gendered governance operates, as well as how feminist organizations disrupt patterns of bureaucratic indifference by assuming the banner of legitimacy that is rarely afforded to women victims themselves. These findings raise critical questions about the efficacy of traditional legal and bureaucratic strategies for eliminating violence against women, and suggest that one key alternative is to strengthen the capacities of civil society organizations that provide accompaniment to women victims.
Metal-on-metal problems: Diagnosis and management

Abstract Metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty can have failure mechanisms not commonly seen with metal on polyethylene bearings because of host reactions to the metal debris. Besides being more subject to edge-loading and accelerated wear if implants are malpositioned, certain patients can have a immunological response to the wear particles. Furthermore, the interaction of different metals at the taper junction of a metal-on-metal total hip can lead to corrosion products that may engender an inflammatory reaction. Thus, the diagnosis of metal-on-metal problems can be difficult and requires the use of diagnostic modalities such as metal ion measurement and metal artifact reduction imaging techniques. An algorithm for the evaluation of both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients will be presented.
Phase I/II Trial of Fludarabine in Combination with Intravenous Busulfan and Allogeneic Progenitor Cell Support for Patients with High Risk Hematologic Malignancies; Dose Matters in Reduced Intensity Regimens

Abstract 1944 Background: Busulfan is a well-established conditioning agent in allogenic transplants (alloSCT) with Intravenous Busulfan (IVBu) having better toxicity profile than the oral formulation due to predictable pharmacokinetics. The optimum dose and schedule for reduced intensity regimens of IVBu is not known. We conducted a phase I/II study to determine the best dosing schedule, engraftment kinetics, and efficacy of IVBu with Fludarabine (+/− anti thymocyte globulin, ATG) as a preparatory regimen for alloSCT. Methods: Patients ≤75 years with a HLA-compatible donor (≥5/6 related or 6/6 unrelated) with adequate organ function and Zubrod PS≤2 were included. Fludarabine was given at 30mg/m2 X4 days to all patients and ATG (10mg/kg × 4days) was added for patients receiving mismatched related (MMR) or matched unrelated (MUD) transplants. Tacrolimus and Methotrexate were used for acute graft vs. host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis. The total dose of IVBu was delivered either as QID (m1) or once a day (m2) schedules (Table 1). The continual reassessment method was used to determine an MTD with a target probability of 20% of grade 3 or 4 conventional toxicity. Phase II was conducted with the MTD selected in phase I for each prognostic stratum, with aim to keep the failure rate below the historical rate and reduce the death rate by 0.20. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled (Table 2). Engraftment occurred in 73 patients (91%; 3 early deaths and 4 non engraftments). Day 100 transplant-related (non-relapse) mortality was 8/80 (10%), (infections=3, aGVHD=2, graft failures=2, alveolar haemorrhage=1). Sixty three patients (79%) achieved complete response (CR) after the transplant and at a median follow up of 8.4 months (range, 0.6–125 mos), 62 pts died (38 due to progressive disease). In a fitted multivariate Bayesian lognormal regression model, age (posterior probability of a beneficial effect, PPBE =0.037), poor cytogenetic risk category (PPBE=0.025) and dose level 5 (PPBE=0.983) were significantly associated with OS. Receiving dose 5 was significantly associated with longer RFS (PPBE=0.979 of beneficial effect). Poor risk cytogenetics, active disease at time of transplant and blasts >5% in the bone marrow were predictive of poor survival. IVBu dose level 5 was significantly associated with a better overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) (5-year OS 27% vs 9.7%; p=0.014 and RFS 46% vs. 24%; p=0.036; Figures 1&2). On multivariate analysis, dose level 5 was still significantly associated with OS and RFS. Grade ≥2 acute GVHD occurred in 26/73 (36%) patients (grades 3–4 in 8). Conclusions: Optimizing IVBu dose intensity in the conditioning regimen leads to meaningful survival in poor prognosis AML/MDS, and the higher dose level produced significantly better RFS and OS. Tables and figures Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Laser Oscillation in Aggregates of Ultrasmall Si Nanoparticles

We dispersed electrochemically etched Si into ultrabright ultrasmall nanoparticles, with brightness higher than fluorescein or rhodamine. The emission from single particles is readily detectable. Aggregates or films of the particles exhibit emission with highly nonlinear characteristics. We observe directed blue beams at ~ 410 nm between faces of aggregates excited by femtosecond radiation at 780 nm; and at ~ 610 nm from aggregates of red luminescent Si nanoparticles excited by radiation at 550-570 nm from a mercury lamp. Intense directed Gaussian beams, a pumping threshold, spectral line narrowing, and speckle patterns manifest the emission. The results are analyzed in terms of population inversion and stimulated emission in quantum confinement-induced Si-Si dimer phase, found only on ultrasmall Si nanoparticles. This microlasing constitutes an important step towards the realization of a laser on a chip.
Three-Dimensional Velocity Structure of the Earth’s Upper Mantle

Global seismic tomography now has a history of more than 20 years, and it is possible to identify several trends in research and the continuing evolution towards more accurate and refined models of the Earth’s interior: (1) The incorporation of a variety of seismological observations. In the earliest global tomographic studies, only P wave arrival times from the ISC catalog were used. Many recent tomographic models are based on a variety of data, including complete long-period seismograms, observations of mode frequencies and splitting, extensive collections of surface wave dispersion measurements, and large sets of primary and secondary phase arrival times. (2) Parameterizations of Earth structure which allow for higher resolution images. While early studies used simple regionalizations of the Earth with a small number of regions, or low-order expansions in terms of spherical harmonics, recent trends are towards smaller grid sizes and higher order expansions. (3) Larger data sets. Increasingly, very large collections of seismograms, and large numbers of observations obtained from seismograms, are incorporated in tomographic studies. The dramatically improved geographical coverage of modern digital seismographs offered by various global networks (e.g. IRIS GSN, GEOSCOPE) and the availability of more powerful computers have made this development possible. (4) Greater complexity in the description of Earth structure. In addition to the imaging of lateral variations in P and S velocity, recent efforts have been made to map anelasticity, density, anisotropy, and the undulations of internal boundaries.
The effects of oxytocin on eating behaviour and metabolism in humans

Oxytocin, a hypothalamic hormone that is secreted directly into the brain and enters the peripheral circulation through the posterior pituitary gland, regulates a range of physiologic processes, including eating behaviour and metabolism. In rodents and nonhuman primates, chronic oxytocin administration leads to sustained weight reduction by reducing food intake, increasing energy expenditure and inducing lipolysis. Oxytocin might improve glucose homeostasis, independently of its effects on weight. Clinical studies are beginning to translate these important preclinical findings to humans. This Review describes key data linking oxytocin to eating behaviour and metabolism in humans. For example, a single intranasal dose of oxytocin can reduce caloric intake, increase fat oxidation and improve insulin sensitivity in men. Furthermore, a pilot study of 8 weeks of oxytocin treatment in adults with obesity or overweight led to substantial weight loss. Together, these data support further investigation of interventions that target pathways involving oxytocin as potential therapeutics in metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic considerations and areas for further research are also discussed.
Creating a Continuous Improvement Model for Sustaining Programs in Technical and Professional Communication

We build on previous scholarship calling for sustainable growth in technical and professional communication programs through maintenance and reflection. Inspired by continuous improvement models us...
Psychometric properties of the postpartum depression screening scale beyond the postpartum period.

Accurate postpartum depression screening measures are needed to identify mothers with depressive symptoms both in the postpartum period and beyond. Because it had not been tested beyond the immediate postpartum period, the reliability and validity of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) and its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) were assessed in a diverse community sample of 238 mothers of 4- to 15-month-old infants. Mothers (N = 238; M age = 30.2, SD = 5.3) attended a lab session and completed the PDSS, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and a structured clinical interview (SCID) to diagnose MDD. The reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and predictive value of the PDSS to identify maternal depression were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of five but not seven content subscales. The PDSS total and subscale scores demonstrated acceptable to high reliability (α = 0.68-0.95). Discriminant function analysis showed the scale correctly provided diagnostic classification at a rate higher than chance alone. Sensitivity and specificity for major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis were good and comparable to those of the BDI-II. Even in mothers who were somewhat more diverse and had older infants than those in the original normative study, the PDSS appears to be a psychometrically sound screener for identifying depressed mothers in the 15 months after childbirth.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Controversies and State of the Art

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a congenital disorder characterized by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and development of severe inflammation secondary to a congenital defect in 1 of the 5 phagocyte oxidase (phox) subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is a curative treatment for patients with CGD that provides donor neutrophils with functional NADPH and superoxide anion production. Many characteristics of CGD, including preexisting infection and inflammation and the potential for cure with mixed-donor chimerism, influence the transplant approach and patient outcome. Because of the dangers of short-term death, graft-versus-host disease, and late effects from chemotherapy, HCT historically has been reserved for patients with high-risk disease and a matched donor. However, as advances in CGD and HCT treatments have evolved, recommendations on transplant eligibility also must be amended, but the development of modern guidelines has proven difficult. In this review, we provide an overview of HCT in patients with CGD, including the debate over HCT indications in them, the unique aspects of CGD that can complicate HCT, and a summary of transplant outcomes.
Simultaneous determination of dynamic cardiac metabolism and function using PET/MRI.

Cardiac metabolic changes in heart disease precede overt contractile dysfunction. However, metabolism and function are not typically assessed together in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to develop a cardiac positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) stress test to assess the dynamic relationship between contractile function and metabolism in a preclinical model. Following an overnight fast, healthy pigs (45-50 kg) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) solution was administered intravenously at a constant rate of 0.01 mL/s for 60 minutes. A cardiac PET/MR stress test was performed using normoxic gas (FIO2 = .209) and hypoxic gas (FIO2 = .12). Simultaneous cardiac imaging was performed on an integrated 3T PET/MR scanner. Hypoxic stress induced a significant increase in heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), and peak torsion. There was a significant decline in arterial SpO2, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes in hypoxia. Increased LV systolic function was coupled with an increase in myocardial FDG uptake (Ki) during hypoxic stress. PET/MR with continuous FDG infusion captures dynamic changes in both cardiac metabolism and contractile function. This technique warrants evaluation in human cardiac disease for assessment of subtle functional and metabolic abnormalities.
Getting and Giving Report

: This column is designed to help new nurses in their first year at the bedside-a time of insecurity, growth, and constant challenges-and to offer advice as they learn what it means to be a nurse. This article offers strategies new nurses can use and specific steps they can take to help them succeed in both giving and receiving report.
Amphipathic Chitosan Salts

The interaction of polyelectrolytes with amphipathic molecules, such as lipids, is widely considered to play a key role in the formation of biological membranes.
The Lost Portrait of Edmund Husserl by Franz and Ida Brentano

We owe to Philip Merlan some intriguing information about Franz Brentano’s relations with Sigmund Freud.1 So I venture to hope that he might also have been interested in an iconographic item about the personal relations between Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl which until recently was believed to be totally lost. Its partial reconstruction may at the same time throw new light on their early philosophical connections.
1-Nitroso-5, 6-dihydrouracil: induction of liver cell carcinomas and kidney adenomas in the rat.

The acute LD50 in the MRC-rat (Wistar) was 850 mg/kg. Long-term administration of 450 mg/liter citrate buffer as drinking water induced liver cell carcinomas in 98% of the rats in 21–34 weeks. Also, 19% of the rats showed kidney adenomas. The kinetics of nitrosation of dihydrouracil showed a rather low rate constant of 1·0 M−2 min−1 at 25° C. Erzeugung von Leberzellkarzinomen und Nierenadenomen in Ratten durch 1-Nitroso-5,6-Dihydrouracil
Historical Overview and Current Approaches in Determining a Mycobacterial Etiology of Crohn’s Disease

Although the earliest descriptions of Crohn’s disease are said to date back to the later 1600’s to early 1700’s (24), they are difficult to sort from other undefined intestinal disorders of that era. Perhaps more realistically, since Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis were confused for years and such confusion continues to this date, the earliest descriptions probably occurred sometime after the discovery of the tubercle bacillus in 1882 (25). Nevertheless, sometime after that period, an intestinal disease was recognized that was similar to intestinal tuberculosis, but acid fast bacilli could not be visualized in tissues or isolated in culture and the characteristic caseous nodules of tuberculosis were absent. By 1913, cases of intestinal tuberculosis which did not fit the classical pattern were well recognized, but nevertheless, were classified among the tuberculous lesions and the disease was known as hyperplastic tuberculosis (44). By the 1920’s, these cases of intestinal tuberculosis which did not contain caseous necrosis or acid fast bacilli were reclassified as nonspecific granulomata (30,44) in an attempt to recognize these cases as distinct from the classical or hypertrophic forms of intestinal tuberculosis. Each description, however, discussed the remarkable resemblance of these cases to intestinal tuberculosis — the only difference being the absence of the pathognomonic lesions of tuberculosis, caseous necrosis and acid fast bacilli.
Immunohistologic characterization and quantitation of leukocyte subpopulations in human semen

Various major leukocyte subpopulations (granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, B lymphocytes, helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes) were detectable in human semen by applying monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for pan-leukocyte and leukocyte subpopulation markers. MAb-labeled cells in smears of washed human semen were visualized by a standard streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. This approach was validated by testing the MAb panel against sections of human testis and epididymis to rule out cross-reactivity with immature germ cells or other reproductive tract cells, and against peripheral blood leukocytes that had been incubated in human semen to ascertain leukocyte marker stability in seminal plasma. When the immunoperoxidase technique was applied to semen smears from 17 proven fertile men and 51 randomly selected infertility patients, the authors found highly varying total leukocyte numbers, ranging from 8970 to 20,520,000 per ejaculate among fertile men (median, 170,000), and from 43,120 to 104,580,000 among infertility patients (median, 1,035,000). Higher means and medians of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocyte subsets were seen in the infertility group. These results warrant further investigation on the diagnostic utility of semen leukocyte profiles and the possible role of seminal leukocytes in male infertility.
Industry: From Trial-and-Error to Technology Reform

In 1950, what remained of China’s steel, machinery, and metalworking industries had all been constructed by foreigners. The USSR stepped in during the 1950s to sponsor and equip over a hundred new plants, but operating and maintaining them proved a nightmare until sufficient numbers of experienced workers emerged. “Horror stories” will be recounted: of machinery destroyed for want of lubrication, of raw materials and spare parts decomposing in storehouses, or of workers’ shop-floor shortcuts gone dreadfully wrong. “Light” industry (textiles and ceramics) employed antique machinery left over from UK and Japanese mills. With state capital prioritizing “heavy industry,” its managers and workers had to improvise repairs and workarounds that would keep factories going and meet plan quotas. Millions of handicraft workers faced difficulties in getting raw materials, a problem solved by joining experimental cadre-led co-ops which contracted for marketing and payments while seeking hard-currency-generating fine goods. Both heavy and light industries often met quantity targets by ignoring quality. Tales of ingenuity compete with accounts of regrettable pratfalls for attention here, but the larger story concerns cultivating bottom-up innovation through encouraging and rewarding worker initiative.
Review: Sarmatians – History and Archaeology of a Forgotten People, by Istvánovits, Eszter, and Valéria Kulcsár

Istvanovits, Eszter, and Valeria Kulcsar. Sarmatians – History and Archaeology of a Forgotten People . Mainz: Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, 2017. 501 pp, 329 ill. 978-3884672372. €90. “Ethnic discourse” has frequently constituted a divisive element in the study of Late Antiquity, surpassing even the debates surrounding the “fall of Rome.” This book proves that close attention to groups of ancient people can also do the opposite: Istvanovits and Kulcsar forge connections among diverse geographic and temporal fields of research through their search for the Sarmatians. The reader should note that the volume seeks actual Sarmatians insofar as archaeology can locate and describe them, not the Sarmatian as concept or literary phenomenon. Out of the many kinds of books about “barbarians,” the authors have crafted a kind of field guide to their subject as an elusive but important species, and the result is akin to a guided tour through an incredibly thorough and extensively illustrated museum of the Sarmatian. Istvanovits and Kulcsar begin with careful attention to the geography of the plains inhabited by the Sarmatians, stretching from Inner Asia at the junction of modern Russia, Mongolia, and China to the …
New algorithms for inferring gene regulatory networks from time-series expression data on Apache Spark

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are crucial to understand the inner workings of the cell and the complexity of gene interactions. Numerous algorithms have been developed to infer GRNs from gene expression data. As the number of identified genes increases and the complexity of their interactions is uncovered, gene networks become cumbersome to test. Furthermore, prodding through experimental results requires an enormous amount of computation, resulting in slow data processing. Therefore, new approaches are needed to analyse copious amounts of experimental data from cellular GRNs. To meet this need, cloud computing is promising as reported in the literature. Here we present two new algorithms for reverse engineering GRNs in a cloud environment. The algorithms, implemented in Spark, employ an information-theoretic approach to infer GRNs from time-series gene expression data. Experimental results show that one of our new algorithms is faster than, yet as accurate as, two existing cloud-based GRN inference methods.
Does news coverage of traffic crashes affect perceived blame and preferred solutions? Evidence from an experiment

Abstract Traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States. Nearly 20% of these roadway fatalities are people who were hit and killed while walking or bicycling. Pedestrian deaths increased by 46% between 2009 and 2016. Despite these troubling statistics, there has not been a sustained and widespread public call to action to improve road safety. Researchers and advocates are increasingly focused on how traffic crashes are reported in the media, and whether existing editorial patterns contribute to victim-blaming and distract from systems-level solutions. However, no previous study has examined whether editorial patterns in traffic crash coverage actually influence perceptions. This study conducted an experiment in which 999 subjects were randomly assigned to read one of three versions of a news article describing a traffic crash involving a pedestrian. After reading the description, subjects were asked to apportion blame, identify an appropriate punishment for the driver, and assess various approaches for improving road safety. In comparing the three groups, even relatively subtle differences in editorial patterns significantly affected readers' interpretation of both what happened and what to do about it on nearly every measure. Shifting from pedestrian-focused to driver-focused language reduced victim-blaming and increased perceived blame for the driver. A thematic frame significantly increased support for infrastructure improvements. This study provides strong evidence that efforts to change public perceptions of road safety should include a focus on improving editorial patterns in traffic crash reporting.
Light-Emitting Diode-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Photoaging, Scars, and Dyspigmentation: A Systematic Review.

Background Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may be used as an activating light source for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a form of noninvasive phototherapy. Photodynamic therapy for aesthetic dermatologic conditions has demonstrated skin rejuvenating effects. Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of PDT using LEDs to treat aesthetic dermatologic conditions including photoaged skin, scarring, and dyspigmentation. Materials and methods A search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted through May 31, 2019, to identify studies that used LEDs as a light source for PDT and evaluated cosmetic improvements as the primary outcome measure. Results A total of 24 original articles were included in the authors' systematic review. The available evidence supports methyl aminolevulinate or 5-aminolevulinic acid incubation followed by LED treatment for global improvement of skin quality, including smoother texture, reduction of rhytides, and improvement of scars. Histologic analysis for global skin improvement demonstrated increased collagen fibers and decreased elastin fibers after LED-mediated PDT. Conclusion Light-emitting diode-based PDT seems to have beneficial effects for photoaging, scars and dyspigmentation. A paucity of high-quality studies using LED-based PDT for aesthetic outcomes was found, highlighting the need for well-designed randomized control trials on this topic.
Areas of health-education of physicians and nurses in care for cardiac patients from the perspective of citizens of the Czech Republic.

OBJECTIVES The goal of this article was to assess the delivery of patient health-education, relative to cardiovascular disease from the perspective of physicians and nurses, as well as from the perspective of citizens living in the Czech Republic. METHODS The article is based on data acquired from the "Intervention procedures in preventive cardiology" grant project. To evaluate patient health education, non-standardized questionnaires intended for physicians (n = 1000) and nurses (n = 1000) were used. A combination of a non-standardized questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire (SF-36) was used to assess citizen (n = 1992) viewpoints. The actual investigation took place from April 1 to April 20, 2016 and was implemented over the entirety of the Czech Republic. Data were analyzed using the SASD v. 1.4.12 program. Both first and second degree sorting was used. The degree of dependence of selected characteristics was established based on the Chi-square test and the T-test. RESULTS A bit more than half (53.1%) of the physicians indicated that nurses carried out patient education regarding influenceable risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, while 71.6% of nurses reported carrying out this duty. The overwhelming majority of physicians (97.1%) and nurses (92.3%) report informing patients about how to improve their health condition. Citizen respondents reported that topics such as nutrition, exercise, smoking cessation, stress reduction, and the drug side effects use were discussed with them more frequently by physicians than by nurses. Citizen respondents reported that nutrition was discussed most frequently with them, while the issue of smoking cessation was discussed the least frequently. CONCLUSION Our analysis showed that physicians engage in patient education more frequently than nurses. At the same time, results suggest that a relatively significant number of physicians and nurses rarely or never educate regarding risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases.
CHAPTER 7 – Leading Indicators

Publisher Summary It is vital for both government economists and businessmen to determine and predict the turning points of the long-term swings in the economy. There are a number of reasons why it is difficult to decide whether or not a turning point has occurred. The gross national product (GNP) series does not consist only of trend plus long swings, but also includes much shorter swings of lesser amplitude which obscure the picture. The data also contain measurement errors and inevitably appear some weeks, or even months, after the date that they apply to. This chapter discusses that the leading indicator series are those that might be expected to turn before the aggregate economy, so if some of these series are observed to make an apparent turn, this could suggest that a turning point for the whole economy is about to occur. The roughly coincident indicators turn at about the same time as the aggregate economy measures. The lagging indicators are series that react slowly to changes of direction in the main part of the economy. Thus, if changes are observed in these lagging series, it becomes fairly certain that a turning point has occurred in the recent past. The lagging series are thus, used mainly to confirm what the other indicators have been suggesting, if the system works properly.
Implementation of Intelligent Industrial Controller Based On Fuzzy Logic and PLC

The Internet of Things (IoT) makes designing a smart management system is real and easy. The concept of smart management system guarantees a person to monitor, control and manage the system without any waste. Water is a key resource and its management is a major issue. The proposed method is IOT with the fuzzy controller based system for managing tank water level in Rumaila power plant from gas (in southern Iraq). The existing system, designed with two electric motor pumps, supplies a storage tank with untreated water from the river for later use in (reverse Osmosis) R.O. This system is manual without efficient monitoring and control system. This paper includes two implemented control systems; the classic PID and Fuzzy logic with a comparison between them. Fuzzy control is simulated first using Matlab and then developed by Sugeno-based Fuzzy algorithm within the PLC (Programmable Logic Console) environment. The connection of PLC with OPC (Object Process Control) server used by the Modbus protocol while the sensors connected directly to Kayenne platform. Using the OPC and MQTT, the IoT system is built up to publish and subscribe the data from PLC and cloud. Node MCU- ESP8266 is used by wireless communication to link the sensors with router.
Abdominal Computed Tomography with a Twist: The 'Whirl Sign' for Mesenteric Volvulus.

Author(s): Spangler, Jodi; Ilgen, Jonathan | Abstract: Case Presentation: A 55-year-old woman with a history of end-stage renal disease, peripheral vascular disease, and multiple prior abdominal surgeries presented to the emergency department with three days of diffuse, severe, abdominal pain with accompanying nausea, emesis, and food intolerance. A computed tomography (CT) of her abdomen demonstrated a “whirl” of small bowel and mesenteric vessels, raising suspicion for mesenteric volvulus and resultant small bowel obstruction.Discussion: Mesenteric volvulus is a low incidence, high mortality condition; therefore, early recognition and operative intervention are critical. Patients with a “whirl sign” on CT are more likely to require surgical intervention for their small bowel obstruction.