cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speech Perception: A Framework for Research and Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a psychological framework for speech perception. Scientists sometimes overcome complexity by analyzing an unmanageable problem into manageable subproblems. A naive speech perception model appears to give a reasonable description of the various processes and structures involved in a number of important phenomena. Faced with a speech stimulus, the listener must evaluate features of the sensory input and match these to pattern descriptions in memory. In accounting for certain phenomena, it is important to assume that the listener has information about the degree to which each feature is present in the speech sound. Similarly, the complexity of the sensory input argues for propositional descriptions of speech patterns and corresponding logical integration rules. This general framework allows for a natural description of the powerful contribution of both auditory and linguistic context. Whether or not this model proves to be ultimately correct, it should certainly serve as a valuable heuristic framework for research and theory in speech perception.
Type Ia Supernovae: Flame Physics and Models

It is disturbing to some, especially observers, that theorists are unable to provide an agreed upon “standard model” for Type Ia supernovae, particularly when one seemed within our grasp ten years ago (e.g., Nomoto, Thielemann, & Yokoi 1984; Woosley & Weaver 1986, and references therein). Nowadays one is confronted with a half dozen types of models, all of which produce, qualitatively, the properties of Type Ia supernovae, but which differ in observational detail, history, and mechanism. Part of this proliferation may be real; nature may make Type Ia supernovae in more than one way. But part of the problem must also be our own primitive understanding of critical model components - the progenitor and its presupernova evolution, the manner in which burning is initiated, and the physics of turbulent flame propagation.
The space of minimal embeddings of a surface into a three-dimensional manifold of positive Ricci curvature

In this paper we obtain a curvature estimate for embedded minimal surfaces in a three-dimensional manifold of positive Ricci curvature in terms of the geometry of the ambient manifold and the genus of the minimal surface. It should be mentioned that there are two main points in our result: One is the absence of a stability assumption and the other is the requirement of being embedded. Most known curvature estimates require the stability assumption, and once the stability assumption is dropped, many of these known results cease to be valid. (See [SS] and [An] for another example of a curvature estimate without the assumption of stability.) The embeddedness condition is rather subtle because of the way it enters in our proof. Our proof depends on the eigenvalue estimate and the area bound due to the first author and Wang [CW] which require embeddedness in an essential way. Present knowledge indicates that closed embedded minimal surfaces in S 3 are rare, while immersed surfaces are more plentiful. For example, only a finite number of minimal embeddings of a given genus are known. On the other hand, Otsuki [O] constructed infinitely many immersed minimal tori with arbitrarily large area. We obtain the curvature estimate indirectly by proving the smooth compactness theorem (Theorem 1). Theorem 1 has many interesting consequences. It shows that the set of conformal structures that can be realized on a minimal embedding in S 3 is a compact subset of the moduli space. This is in contrast with the result of Bryant [B] who showed that every Riemann surface is conformally and minimally immersed in S 4. In view of our compactness result and the scarcity of examples, it is very tempting to conjecture that there are only finitely many embedded minimal surfaces (up to rigid motion) in S 3 for each fixed genus. Throughout this paper, manifold means manifold without boundary unless explictly stated otherwise. When we say a sequence M i of surfaces converges to a
“Proj”: A program for calculating the electron projection function

Abstract The equations and program strategy of the program “PROJ”, which evaluates the electron projection function, P(x,z), is described. Separation of coordinates is shown to lead to greater computational efficiency and a quantitative numerical integration scheme. The scheme permits precise assignment of electronic charges to defined atoms and bonding regions.
The fidelity of phosphorylation of the adenovirus DNA-binding protein by an in vitro nuclear protein kinase from virus-infected cells.

The type 5 adenovirus single-strand-specific DNA-binding protein is phosphorylated and can be labeled by the addition of 32PO4 to the medium of infected cells. An infected cell nuclear protein kinase activity is capable of phosphorylatiog the single-strand-specific DNA-binding protein in vitro (A. D. Levinson, E. H. Postel, and A. J. Levine. The fidelity of phosphorylation by this in vitro protein kinase activity was tested by comparing the 32P-labeled partial peptides generated by Staphylococcus aureus protease digestion of the 32P-labeled DNA-binding protein which had been phosphorylated in vivo or in vitro. Identical 32P-labeled partial peptides were obtained from the DNA-binding protein whether it was phosphorylated in vivo or in vitro. A second nuclear protein of 36,000 MW was also faithfully phosphorylated by the in vitro nuclear protein kinase activity.
Cross-Gender Interaction in Technology Education: A Survey.

Though the traditional “industrial arts” programs of the 1950s which involved woodworking, metalworking, and other “shop” areas were heavily male dominated (Cummings, 1998; Hill, 1998; and Zuga, 1998), modern technology education could be more appealing to females. At one time there were very few female students and almost no female teachers in industrial arts courses, but as the discipline began to evolve towards a study of technology during the 1960s and 1970s a trickle of females joined the profession (Zuga, 1998). ITEA records show more females joining the profession since the name change to Technology Education than in the previous decade and an upward trend since then. Part of this increase is due to the attraction of predominately female elementary teachers to membership in the Technology Education for Children Council (TECC), but there are also more females in all segments of the profession than in the past (ITEA, 1998). In the 1950s, the boys who enrolled in industrial arts shop courses, and the men who taught those courses, viewed them as a “man’s world” and there was little effort to foster participation by females. At the same time that more females have been entering technology
NOS induction by NGF in basal forebrain cholinergic neurones: evidence for regulation of brain NOS by a neurotrophin

Nerve growth factor (NGF) acts through trkA receptors to serve as a trophic factor for cholinergic neurones in the medial septal nucleus (MSN) and vertical limb of the diagonal band (VDB). Herein, we show that brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which synthesizes the neuromodulator nitric oxide, is selectively expressed in a large fraction of trkA-containing neurones in the MSN and VDB. Axotomy of these neurones gave evidence that NOS expressing cholinergic neurones innervate the hippocampus. NGF infusion induced a robust, specific increase in NOS expression in basal forebrain cholinergic neurones. These results indicate that brain NOS can be regulated by a neurotrophic factor and suggest that NGF influences forebrain function by regulating production of nitric oxide as well as acetylcholine.
Resolvin E2: Identification and Anti-Inflammatory Actions: Pivotal Role of Human 5-Lipoxygenase in Resolvin E Series Biosynthesis

The family of resolvins consists of omega-3 fatty acid-derived mediators, including E series resolvins generated from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and carry potent anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we report the isolation, identification, and bioactions of resolvin E2 (RvE2), which is 5S,18-dihydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid. RvE2 stopped zymosan-induced polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte infiltration and displayed potent anti-inflammatory properties in murine peritonitis. We also demonstrate that human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase generates RvE2 from a common precursor of E series resolvins, namely, 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoate (18-HEPE). Furthermore, the initial 5-hydroperoxide intermediate was also converted to a 5(6)-epoxide intermediate in RvE1 formation. These results demonstrate that RvE2, together with RvE1, may contribute to the beneficial actions of omega-3 fatty acids in human diseases. Moreover, they indicate that the 5-lipoxygenase in human leukocytes is a pivotal enzyme that can produce both pro- and anti-inflammatory chemical mediators.
Tectonic significance of low-temperature blueschist blocks in the Franciscan mélange at San Simeon, California

Abstract The blueschist-bearing Franciscan melange exposed near San Simeon is very similar to the melange terrane forming the Central Belt north of San Francisco. Epidote-bearing low-T blueschist blocks at San Simeon (n = 3) are the same age as high-T garnet-bearing blocks in the northern, and Diablo Range melange terranes (~ 155–150 Ma). This age approximates the time of initiation of Franciscan subduction. During the initial stages of Franciscan subduction, part of the top volcanic sequence from the subducting oceanic plate and small volumes of overlying sediments were imbricated at the bottom of the overriding plate and metamorphosed under high-P conditions. This underplated material was variably retrograded as subduction refrigerated the forearc blocks. Actinolitic rinds formed at the contacts between blueschists and intercalated mantle under relatively static conditions as the base of the overriding plate became serpentinized. A model is proposed in which exhumation was facilitated by gravity-driven, seaward-oriented extensional thinning of the forearc prism caused by the decrease in subducting plate dip starting around 80 Ma that caused the Laramide orogeny. As this occurred, blueschist and graphite-schist blocks were plucked from the bottom of the hanging wall, incorporated into the shale- and water-rich shear zone at the plate interface (subduction channel shear zone), and exhumed during the upward flow of melange driven by the movement of the downgoing plate while subduction was still active.
C‐type natriuretic peptide plasma levels increase in patients with chronic heart failure as a function of clinical severity

Backgound: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), secreted by the endothelium and the heart, is structurally related to atrial and brain natriuretic peptides, but its clinical significance in chronic heart failure (CHF) is controversial. Aim: To investigate the role of CNP in CHF, plasma CNP levels were determined in a prospective series of 133 patients with CHF (age 64±1 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), 31.5±0.7%, mean±S.E.M.) and in 21 age-matched healthy subjects. Methods and results: CNP was measured by a radioimmunoassay (sensitivity: 0.41±0.009 pg/tube) after a preliminary solid-phase extraction. Plasma level of CNP in healthy subjects was 2.7±0.2 pg/ml and significantly increased in CHF, as a function of clinical severity: 4.9±0.7 pg/ml in NYHA class I; 7.0±0.4 pg/ml in class II (p<0.001 vs. controls); 9.6±0.7 pg/ml in class III (p<0.001 vs. controls and class I and II), and 11.8±2.0 pg/ml in class IV (p<0.001 vs. controls, class I and II; Fisher's test after ANOVA). A significant relation was also found between CNP plasma levels and EF (R=0.40, p<0.001). Conclusion: Plasma CNP elevation is related to clinical and functional disease severity. These findings suggest a pathophysiological role for this peptide that, for its vasorelaxing activity, could influence the endothelial vasomotor response in CHF.
Prolyl-4-hydroxylase α subunit 2 promotes breast cancer progression and metastasis by regulating collagen deposition

Background Increased collagen deposition provides physical and biochemical signals to support tumor growth and invasion during breast cancer development. Therefore, inhibition of collagen synthesis and deposition has been considered a strategy to suppress breast cancer progression. Collagen prolyl-4-hydroxylase α subunit 2 (P4HA2), an enzyme hydroxylating proline residues in -X-Pro-Gly- sequences, is a potential therapeutic target for the disorders associated with increased collagen deposition. However, expression and function of P4HA2 in breast cancer progression are not well investigated.
Cross Relaxation in a Tm3+-Doped Low-Phonon Energy Laser Material

Concentration-dependent cross relaxation is reported for thulium ions in the low-phonon energy host YCl3. Absorption, emission, and fluorescence lifetimes are reported.
Parabolic Solar Collector With Glass Pipe and Black Fluid

A glass pipe and an absorbing black fluid were combined with a parabolic solar reflector into a solar collector. Thermal efficiencies for three different types of receivers with a parabolic trough solar reflector were compared: (1) single glass pipe with black fluid, (2) concentric annulus glass pipes with black fluid, and (3) black-painted copper tubing. The single glass pipe with a black working fluid performed best experimentally. The single glass pipe with a black fluid was better than the black painted copper tube by an average of 5 percent absolute system efficiency or 14 percent on a total energy absorbed basis. Mass flow rate and wind speed were analytically found to be significant. The black fluid solar collector was found to have an optimum system efficiency for a blackening agent concentration of 15 ml per gallon of water. A numerical lumped heat capacity model was used to compare with the experimental data.
Vijayanagara: Authority and Meaning of a South Indian Imperial Capital

The meaning of the imperial capital can be understood as a necessary component of the system that constitutes the authority of its rulers. Urban form relates rulers' behavior to principles of order and to the forces that create this order. Architectural and urban morphology at Vijayanagara, the capital of the most important Hindu empire of medieval south India, embodied several meaningful aspects of royal behavior. Here are considered material elements that expressed the kings' activities as warrior and hunter, as promoter of prosperity and redistributor of wealth, and as maintainer of cosmic order. Three aspects of the city—the structure of the urban plan, the organization of movement, and the mythological associations of the site—asserted that the king embodied the power of Ramachandra, the divine hero-king.
Should We ‘See Like a City’? ‘If Mayors Ruled the World,’ Would It Be a Better Place?

Two recent books, by political theorists Warren Magnusson and Benjamin Barber, respectively, theorize urbanism as “a way of life” and work to operationalize urbanism as a political program oriented...
Optical absorption spectra of intermediate-size silver clusters from first principles

Optical absorption spectra of the three lowest-energy isomers of ${\text{Ag}}_{n}$ $(n=10,12--20)$ are investigated from first principles within the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA). The computed spectra are found to be generally in good agreement with the available experimental data. The analyses of the spectra indicate that the $d$ electrons of ${\text{Ag}}_{n}$ clusters in this size range have a significant $(70%--80%)$ contribution to low-energy optical excitations. We show that most of the peak positions and the relative intensities in the TDLDA spectra of these subnanometer sized clusters can be explained remarkably well within the classical Mie-Gans theory, using the dielectric function of bulk Ag and taking into account the shapes of the isomers.
Crystal Structure of the Tetramerization Domain of the p53 Tumor Suppressor at 1.7 Angstroms

The p53 protein is a tetrameric transcription factor that plays a central role in the prevention of neoplastic transformation. Oligomerization appears to be essential for the tumor suppressing activity of p53 because oligomerization-deficient p53 mutants cannot suppress the growth of carcinoma cell lines. The crystal structure of the tetramerization domain of p53 (residues 325 to 356) was determined at 1.7 angstrom resolution and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 19.2 percent. The monomer, which consists of a beta strand and an alpha helix, associates with a second monomer across an antiparallel beta sheet and an antiparallel helix-helix interface to form a dimer. Two of these dimers associate across a second and distinct parallel helix-helix interface to form the tetramer.
In vitro effects of a smokeless tobacco extract on the production of reactive oxygen species by human oral epidermal cells and rat hepatic mitochondria and microsomes, and peritoneal macrophages.

The possible role of reaction oxygen species in the toxicity of smokeless tobacco was explored. In order to determine possible sources of reactive oxygen species in response to smokeless tobacco, rat peritoneal macrophages (3×106/ml) and hepatic mitochondria and microsomes (1 mg protein/ml) from untreated female Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with an aqueous smokeless tobacco extract (STE) (200 μg/ml). STE resulted in rapid increases in chemiluminescence with maximum increases occurring at approximately 6 min for the macrophages and 8 min for mitochondria and microsomes. Maximum increases in chemiluminescence of 1.4-, 3.2-, and 3.1-fold relative to control values occurred for macrophages, mitochondria, and microsomes, respectively. Hepatic mitochondria and microsomes (1 mg protein/ml) from female Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated at 37°C for 60 min in the presence of 0–500 μg/ml STE. Potential tissue damage was measured as lipid peroxidation, and dose-dependent increases of 1.1–2.4-fold occurred in mitochondria and microsomes. Pre-incubation with various oxygen free radical scavengers including superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100 μg/ml), catalase (100 μg/ml), SOD + catalase (100 μg/ml each), mannitol (1.25 mmol/ml), and allopurinol (100 μg/ml) inhibited STE (200 μg/ml) induced lipid peroxidation by 15% to 70%. Previous studies in our laboratories strongly suggest that STE induces the production of oxygen free radicals which cause tissue-damaging effects. We therefore examined the cytotoxicity of STE by incubating cultured human oral epidermal carcinoma (KB) cells with STE, and assessing the release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the media as an indicator of cellular membrane damage. The amount of LDH released by STE was both concentration- and time-dependent. The results demonstrate that oral cells, peritoneal macrophages, and hepatic mitochondria and microsomes produce reactive oxygen species following in vitro incubation with an aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco. Tissue damage in response to STE may occur as the result of reactive oxygen species production.
Moore-closed spaces, completeness and centered bases

Abstract A 'space S is Moore-closed iff it is a Moore space which is a closed subspace of every Moore space including S. In this paper it is shown that there exist noncompact Moore-closed spaces and that Moore-closed spaces can be characterized as being semicomplete in a very strong sense. Related characterizations of compactness are given. Some of these results establish strong similarities and distinctions among Moore spaces, metric spaces and spaces having a base of countable order. The notions of centered base and complete centered base are introduced, and large classes of spaces are shown to have such bases.
Towards a phenomenology of ethical expertise

ogy, in both its transcendental and existential versions, has made immense contributions to metaphysics, epistemology and the philosophy of action and mind. The same cannot be said of its contribution to ethics. With the exception of Sartre, phenomenologists have had little to say about ethics, and what Sartre has said has had little effect on the course of the subject, perhaps because Sartre takes following moral principles to be a form of inauthenticity. Our hypothesis is that if one returned to the phenomenon and tried to give a description of ethical experience one might find that phenomenology has a great deal to contribute to contemporary debate, particularly since the focus of discussion has shifted from interest in meta-ethical issues to a debate between those who demand a detached critical morality based on principles that tells us what is right and those who defend an ethics based on involvement in a tradition that defines what is good. This new confronta? tion between Kant and Hegel, between Moralit?t and Sittlichkeit, has produced two camps which can be identified with J?rgen Habermas and John Rawls on the one hand, and Bernard Williams and Charles Taylor on the other. The same polarity appears in feminism where the Kohlberg scale, which defines the highest stage of moral maturity as the ability to stand
A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of drug detoxification by nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) may be capable of reversing the toxic effects of drug overdoses in humans by adsorbing/absorbing drug molecules. This paper develops a model to include the kinetic effects of treating drug overdoses by NPs. Depending on the size and the nature of the NPs, they may either pass through the capillary walls and enter the tissue space or remain only inside the capillaries and other blood vessels; models are developed for each case. Furthermore, the time scale for equilibration between the NP and the blood will vary with the specific type of NP. The NPs may sequester drug from within the capillaries depending on whether this time scale is larger or smaller than the residence time of blood within the capillary. Models are developed for each scenario. The results suggest that NPs are more effective at detoxification if they are confined to the blood vessels and do not enter the tissues. The results also show that the detoxification process is faster if drug uptake occurs within the capillaries. The trends shown by the model predictions can serve as useful guides in the design of the optimal NP for detoxification.
Clustering strategies on tasks of verbal fluency in Parkinson's disease

Abstract The verbal output of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) was analyzed for semantic and phonemic clusters on tasks of verbal fluency. One task required cued retrieval by semantic category (i.e. animals), and one required non-cued retrieval by initial letter (e.g. words beginning with ‘F’). Nondemented PD patients (N=25) produced significantly fewer words on the cued semantic retrieval task than age-, gender- and education-matched normal control subjects (N=22), but were not impaired on the non-cued letter retrieval task. However, overall, PD patients were able to form more semantic clusters than phonemic clusters. These results are discussed in light of other studies of verbal fluency deficits in patients with PD.
Lie symmetries and integrability

Abstract All two-dimensional time independent potentials admitting point Lie symmetries and Noether symmetries are presented here. Excluding the potentials admitting time translation and dilation symmetries only, they form a small subclass of the known integrable potentials.
Synthesis and characterization of nonamethylrhodocenium and iridocenium hexafluorophosphate salts

Abstract Nonamethylrhodocenium hexafluorophosphate and nonamethyliridocenium hexafluorophosphate have been obtained by reaction of lithium tetramethylcyclopentadienide with the appropriate dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienyl metal dimers, followed by treatment with ammonium hexafluorophosphate. The crystal structures of nonamethyliridocenium hexafluorophosphate and 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylrhodocenium hexafluorophosphate have been determined and compared to related structures. The electrochemical properties of the new cations are compared to those of other group 9 metallocenium species.
Case report 774

The parosteal lipoma is a rare but recognizable lesion. The combination of (a) a well-defined, radiolucent, soft-tissue mass that on CT is confirmed to be entirely composed of homogenous mature adipose tissue and (b) an osseous excresence and/or saucerization at the attachment of the soft-tissue mass to the subjacent cortex should be diagnostic. We were unable to find any other case report of a parosteal lipoma coexisting with another lipoma in the same individual.
A Coalitional Game Based Dynamic Spectrum Sensing Scheme

. In this paper, to help cognitive users conduct fair and efficient spectrum sensing in the heterogeneous wireless environments, a coalitional game based spectrum sensing scheme is proposed. The method of calculating the basic parameters of spectrum sensing is introduced at first, and then the spectrum sensing problem is modeled as a coalitional game with non-transferable utility. A coalition is built with Pareto optimality satisfied, and its procedure is described in details. Simulation results have shown that the proposed scheme is both feasible and effective.
Conductivity relaxation in glass: Compositional contributions to non-exponentiality

That ionic conductivity in glass is a non-exponential process and has been known for many years. The amorphous structure of glass and hence a distribution of cation sites has often been thought to be the cause for the non-exponentiality. Almost completely unresearched, however, has been the effect of glass composition on the nature of the relaxation process. In this paper, we review the observations that have been made of the relationships between glass composition and the non-exponential character of the conductivity relaxation as well combine our recent wide composition range studies of sodium aluminoborate and lithium phosphate glasses to delineate the major features of the correlation. By examining glass compositions ranging from 0.02 to 60 mole% alkalioxide, it is observed that the rapid development of non-exponentiality within 1% Na2O is accompanied by a similar rapid decrease in the average cation-cation separation distance, this being calculated using the composition and density. Other quantities such as the dc conductivity or activation energy are observed to vary too slowly with composition to produce a linear correlation with the extent of non-exponentiality as monitored in theβ parameter of the stretched exponentialkww function.
Effects of chronic alcohol consumption in weanling rats on brain gangliosides.

Abstract 1. Chronic ingestion of ethyl alcohol in pre-weanling rats can decrease wholebrain levels of sialic acid (SA), an acidic sugar that serves as terminal groups on glycolipids (gangliosides) and glycoproteins. Because SA occurs in both classes of membrane-bound chemicals, the alcohol effect could be on either or both parent compounds. 2. We examined the effects of alcohol on gangliosides by measuring levels of six specific ganglioside species in post-weanling rats that were fed liquid alcohol diet for 35 days. 3. We found no major effect on any of the ganglioside species in the alcohol-fed rats compared with their pair-fed littermates. 4. These data suggest that alcohol may have acute effects on membrane gangliosides, but during chronic exposure in more mature animals, the membrane may adapt and maintain near-normal ganglioside composition. Thus, gangliosides may reflect mechanisms of membrane tolerance; they could also be involved in mediating metabolic dependencies in neuronal membranes, a possibility that needstesting.
3D planar reformation of vascular central axis surface with biconvex slab

Curved multi-planar reformation (curved MPR) is one of the commonly used vascular visualization methods in clinics. It re-samples and visualizes the vascular central axis surface (VCAS), which is a curved surface passing through the vascular central axis (VCA) or vessel centerline. The rotation of the VCAS along the VCA generates a set of 2D images. In this paper, we introduce a 3D curved MPR method, VCAS planar reformation (VPR) by a convex hull, called a biconvex slab. The entire vessel is enclosed within a biconvex slab and rendered in one image by volume rendering, such as MIP or X-ray. The method is applied to computed tomographic angiography (CTA) data sets. The resulting image is clear and free from obstruction by bones and other adjacent organs.
Poor power efficiency in gain-guided index-antiguided fiber amplifiers and lasers

We highlight the key reasons behind the low efficiency of ultra-large-core single-mode gain-guided index-antiguided fiber amplifiers and lasers and argue that it is possible to improve the efficiency with proper design.
Site-selective depurination by a periodate-dependent deoxyribozyme.

A deoxyribozyme is identified that mediates the site-selective depurination of its 5′-terminal guanosine nucleotide using periodate (IO4–) as an obligatory cofactor.
WAIS-R and MMPI profiles of men who have sexually assaulted children: evidence of limited utility.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) data were compiled on 101 male sexual offenders of children, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI) profiles were compiled for a subsample of 81 of these subjects in a replication and extension of the Hall, Maiuro, Vitaliano, and Proctor (1986) MMPI study. The MMPI profiles were heterogeneous and had multiple elevations. No significant relationships between the WAIS-R Full Scale IQ, WAIS-R Performance IQ Minus Verbal IQ index, or the MMPI scales, and offense characteristics were obtained. These results support the hypothesis of Hall et al. (1986) that psychometric instruments may be of limited utility in characterizing or differentiating among sexual offenders on the basis of criminological variables.
Effect of environmental conditions on observed, modeled, and assimilated sea ice motion errors

[1] Previous evaluations of ice motion have primarily consisted of comparisons with in situ observations and general sensitivity studies with wind speed and direction. An assimilation framework allows the quality of ice motions to be studied as an explicit function of model and model forcing parameters. Here we investigate the effects of local conditions on remotely sensed, modeled, and assimilated motions. We use local conditions, as given by the ice model, to examine ice motion errors based on (1) proximity to the coast, (2) ice thickness, and (3) wind-forcing. In comparison with buoy observations, both modeled and remotely sensed ice motions have lowest errors in moderately thick ice, in low winds, and away from coastal regions. Wind speed plays the largest role in the errors, and higher winds speeds lead to substantially higher motion error standard deviation. However, higher wind speeds also increase the correlation of modeled and remotely sensed motions with buoy observations. An optimal interpolation assimilation methodology, which led to substantial improvements in ice motion quality on a regional and seasonal basis, was employed in this study. Assimilation improved the quality of the ice motions (lower error, higher correlation) throughout most ranges of wind speed and ice thickness and both near the coast and in the central ice pack. This study suggests that adjusting assimilation weights based on local model conditions could efficiently yield even higher quality assimilated motion fields.
A novel RF-insensitive EED utilizing a balanced reactive bridge

The description and characterization of an electroexplosive device (EED) is presented. The structure is designed, using hybrid microelectronic fabrication techniques, to be inherently immune to spurious radio frequency (RF) signals injected directly or radiatively coupled in the lead wires of an EED. The structure also rejects low-frequency components of a coupled signal caused by rectification. The discussion of the device includes fundamental mechanisms of operation, fabrication techniques, and frequency response. The device was subjected to a directly injected RF signal; preliminary measurements show a reduction of better than 46 dB in the frequency range of 4-35 MHz. A discrete component version of the structure exhibits 20 dB of attenuation when incorporated in a launch vehicle and tested in a radiated environment at 225 MHz. >
Direct effect of estradiol‐17β on progesterone accumulation by ovarian granulosa cells from rhesus monkeys

We have previously demonstrated that estradiol-17β (E2) administered in vivo induces atresia of the dominant ovarian follicle (DF). Whether this effect is exerted directly at the ovarian level or by central mediation has not been confirmed. The present study was designed to assess whether E2 in amounts similar to those found in monkey follicular fluid (FF) directly alters in vitro progesterone (P) accumulation by granulosa cells (GC) aspirated from follicles in cycling rhesus monkeys. Follicular contents were aspirated from three to five animals on each of days 8-13 of the cycle. GC were plated at a density of 50,000 viable GC/0.5 ml medium; GC were incubated with 0 or 2-2,000 ng/ml E2, and cultures were maintained for 72 h. P accumulation by GC collected on day 8 and treated with 2 ng/ml E2 was augmented 37.5 ± 5.5% (X ± S. E. M.; P<.05) over controls but was diminished significantly at 20 ng/ml ( -55 ± 18% with respect to controls), 200 ng/ml ( -73.7 ± 13.2%), and 2,000 ng/ml ( -77.3 ± 18.4%). A similar dose-response relationship was noted on other cycle days. At a concentration of 2,000 ng/ml, E2 significantly reduced P 91.5 ± 8.5% (day 10), 81.5 ± 18.5% (day 11), 84.3 ± 4.7% (day 12), and 53.7 ± 15.8% (day 13). We conclude that E2 at concentrations found in FF can inhibit P output by monkey GC through a direct action.
Preparation of nanospherical amorphous zircon powders by a microemulsion-mediated process

A modified reverse micelle process has been developed for the synthesis of nanospherical amorphous zircon precursor powders. It has been found that the hydrolysis of a mixture of zirconium and silicon alkoxides within the water phase of a microemulsion can produce amorphous, nanospherical particles with a stoichiometric ZrSiO4 composition. Microemulsions were obtained by using cyclohexane as the oil phase, ammonium solutions as the aqueous phase, and Igepal Co520 as surfactant. Precise control of the stoichiometry of the powders was achieved after the starting silicon and zirconium alkoxides were appropriately modified. In particular, silicon alkoxide was pre-hydrolyzed under acidic conditions while zirconium alkoxide was reacted with chelating agents. The as-prepared powders consisted of amorphous nanospherical particles with compositional homogeneity. Heating of powders led first to incipient tetragonal zirconia crystallization at a temperature of 900 °C. The onset of crystalline zircon formation was detected at 1200 °C, while the conversion was complete after heating the amorphous precursor powders at 1300 °C for 2 hours.
Can Students with LD Become Competent Writers

The inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education curriculum and in district and state assessment programs has major implications for instruction because many of these students a...
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation changes speech respiratory and laryngeal control in Parkinson’s disease

Adequate respiratory and laryngeal motor control are essential for speech, but may be impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) improves limb function in PD, but the effects on respiratory and laryngeal control remain unknown. We tested whether STN DBS would change aerodynamic measures of respiratory and laryngeal control, and whether these changes were correlated with limb function and stimulation parameters. Eighteen PD participants with bilateral STN DBS were tested within a morning session after a minimum of 12 h since their most recent dose of anti-PD medication. Testing occurred when DBS was on, and again 1 h after DBS was turned off, and included aerodynamic measures during syllable production, and standard clinical ratings of limb function. We found that PD participants exhibited changes with DBS, consistent with increased respiratory driving pressure (n = 9) and increased vocal fold closure (n = 9). However, most participants exceeded a typical operating range for these respiratory and laryngeal control variables with DBS. Changes were uncorrelated with limb function, but showed some correlation with stimulation frequency and pulse width, suggesting that speech may benefit more from low-frequency stimulation and shorter pulse width. Therefore, high-frequency STN DBS may be less beneficial for speech-related respiratory and laryngeal control than for limb motor control. It is important to consider these distinctions and their underlying mechanisms when assessing the impact of STN DBS on PD.
In Vitro Secretion of Progestins: Changes Dependent on the Postovulatory Age of the Ovaries

SummaryPseudopregnancy was induced in immature rats by the administration of PMS-HCG. On each of Days 1-15, five pair of highly luteinized ovaries were quartered and incubated in vitro for 120 min. The concentration of progesterone and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20α-OHP) in the incubation medium was then determined.The temporal pattern of in vitro progestin secretion was similar to the temporal pattern of in vivo progestin secretion rates for similarly treated rats. Physiological luteolysis occurs by the morning of Day 11.Financial support for the research was obtained from the National Science Foundation (GB-27118), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-05633), and the Population Council. We are also indebted to Dr. Elijah B. Romanoff, to Ms. Paula Herbst, and to Dr. John Jewell, Ayerst Laboratories, for donating the PMS and HCG.
Overview of the relationship between structure and functin in ion channels

This review briefly introduces the known classes of ion channels, describes conceptual insights gained from structure-function work, and discusses the limitations of the techniques use. Finally, unresolved issues and promising future directions are highlighted. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of Fatty Acid Composition of Oils on Flavor and Stability of Fried Foods

Effects of fatty acid composition of frying oils on intensities of fried-food flavor and off-flavors in potato chips and french-fried potatoes were determined. Commercially processed cottonseed oil (CSO) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSUN) were blended to produce oils with 12 to 55% linoleic acid and 16 to 78% oleic acid. Analytical sensory panels evaluated french-fried potatoes and pilot plant-processed potato chips. Initially, both foods prepared in CSO (16% oleic/55% linoleic acid) had the highest intensities of fried-food flavor; however, this positive flavor decreased with decreasing levels of linoleic acid. 2,4-Decadienal in potato chips also decreased with decreasing linoleic acid in the oils. Frying oil stability, measured by total polar compounds (TPC), and oxidative stability of potato chips, measured by volatile compounds, showed that HOSUN (78% oleic acid) produced the lowest levels of TPC and the lowest levels of hexanal and pentanal, indicating greater frying oil stability and oxidative stability of the food. However, fresh potato chips fried in HOSUN had the lowest intensities of fried-food flavor and lowest overall flavor quality. Fried-food flavor intensity was the best indicator of overall flavor quality in fresh potato chips. Volatile compounds, TPC, and oxidative stability index directly varied with increasing oleic acid, and were therefore not directly indicative of flavor quality. No oil analysis predicted flavor stability of aged potato chips. Compositions of 16 to 42% oleic acid and 37 to 55% linoleic acid produced fresh fried-food with moderate fried food flavor intensity, good overall flavor quality, and low to moderate TPC levels (chips only). However, in aged food or food fried in deteriorated oil, compositions of 42 to 63% oleic and 23 to 37% linoleic provided the best flavor stability.
Electronic structure of the proflavine cation

Abstract A self-consistent-field molecular orbital study has been made of the proflavine cation (2,8-diamino acridinium ion). Good agreement is found between the calculated and observed spectrum. The computed triplet states are in fair agreement with those observed. The shift of the long wavelength band to longer wavelengths upon adsorption on a macromolecule is explained in terms of electrostatic effects.
Investigation of nonlinear ocular media using femtosecond laser pulses

The recent development of ultrafast laser systems in the visible and near infrared spectral regions requires detailed knowledge of the material properties of ocular media. Different physical mechanisms play competing roles and give rise to new phenomena as the femtosecond laser pulse propagates in ocular media. We investigate the relative importance of radial diffraction and material dispersion for a wide range of wavelengths for femtosecond laser pulse propagation. Because no analytical solution exists which can fully explain the laser- material interaction, we use numerical techniques. The numerical technique will be described in detail.
Relonics: balascopy‐based systems‐specific technology

Relonics is a systems‐specific technology based on a complete scientific theory of control, regulation and coordination in super‐complex systems which allows generation of a new class of relational systemic information currently not available from any existing technologies.
Immunochemical studies of adenosine deaminases from several vertebrates and a mollusc.

Abstract 1. 1. Cross-reactivities of adenosine deaminases from nine higher mammals and one marsupial, bird, amphibian, fish and mollusc were measured. Antisera were prepared against the purified enzyme from bovine intestine and scallop digestive diverticula. 2. 2. The small adenosine deaminase (type C) from the opossum was inhibited by the antisera to the bovine adenosine deaminase to essentially the same extent as other groups of mammals. However, the intermediate sized enzyme (type B) showed very little cross-reactivity, as did enzymes from the toad, chicken, king mackeral and scallop. 3. 3. Using the agar diffusion technique, it was found that the scallop enzyme does not react with the antisera against bovine adenosine deaminase nor did any vertebrate adenosine deaminase show a precipitin line with the antisera to the scallop enzyme.
Characterization of Phase Evolution in YBCO Coated Conductors Produced by the Ex Situ ${\rm BaF}_{2}$ Process

Raman microprobe spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the initial nucleation and growth of YBCO in thick precursors by the BaF2 ex situ process. For quenched films of 2 mum thickness, the data indicate a low density of c-axis nuclei near the substrate, apparently due to a reduced oxygen concentration deep inside the precursor layer. Significant non c-axis growth was also observed; the majority of this material nucleates away from the substrate. Measurement of the conversion rate by in situ XRD for films in the range 0.2-2 mum suggest a weak thickness dependence.
Community response to crime in a sun belt city

This research examines a crime-specific program designed to mobilize citizens to provide information to the police about crimes in exchange for money and a guarantee of anonymity. The Crime Line program is nongovernmental and derives its greatest financial support from the business community. An analysis of the data shows that the program tends to reflect the source of its contributions.
MESONS AND THE STRUCTURE OF NUCLEONS

Abstract An atomic model of the physical nucleons is considered in which the structure is represented as a nucleon core surrounded by a pion cloud in a p 1 2 state, the system being in a state of isotopic spin 1 2 . From the pion wave function, constructed on this basis, the static properties of the physical nucleons—magnetic moments, charge distributions, mass difference—are derived and compared with observation. Modifications are considered which could bring the predictions of this model into better accord with the experiments. It is shown that the core must be given properties, both of size and of structure, which deviate considerably from those of the Dirac nucleons. Some discussion is given of the relationships of the atomic model to meson field theories.
Mixing of Jet Air with a Fuel-Rich, Reacting Crossflow

The mixing of jet air into hot, fuel-rich products of a gas-turbine primary zone is a critical step in staged combustion.Often referred to as quick quench, themixingoccurs instead with chemical conversion and substantial heat release. An experiment has been designed to simulate and study this process. The geometry is a cross ow con ned in a cylindrical duct with a sidewall injection of jets issuing from round holes. A specially designed reactor, operating on propane, presents a uniformmixture to a module containing jet-air-injection ori ces that can be varied in geometry. Temperature and species concentrations of O2 , CO2, CO, and HC are obtained upstream, downstream, and within ori ce planes. From this information,penetration of the jet, the spatial extent of chemical reaction, and mixing can be deduced. Results are presented for a mixing module containing 10 round holes that is operated at a momentum- ux ratio of 57 and a jet-to-mainstreammass- ow ratio of 2.5.
Stimulus duration-dependent contribution of Kca channel activation and cAMP to hypoxic cerebrovasodilation

Activation of calcium sensitive (K(ca)) K channels and cAMP contribute to pial artery dilation observed during a 10-min exposure to hypoxia. Recent studies show that pial dilation during a 20- or 40-min hypoxic exposure was less than that observed during a 5- or 10-min exposure indicating that stimulus duration determines the nature of the vascular response to hypoxia. The present study was designed to determine if the stimulus duration modulates the contribution of K(ca) channel activation and cAMP-dependent mechanisms to hypoxic pial artery dilation in piglets equipped with a closed cranial window. The K(ca) channel antagonist iberiotoxin had no influence on pial dilation during 5 min of hypoxia (pO(2) approximately 25 mmHg), decremented the dilation during 10- and 20-min exposure, but had no effect on the dilation during a 40-min exposure (33+/-1% vs. 32+/-3%, 33+/-1% vs. 25+/-1%, 23+/-1% vs. 19+/-1%, and 21+/-2% vs. 17+/-2% for 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-min hypoxic dilations before and after iberiotoxin). NS1619, a K(ca) channel agonist, induced pial dilation during hypoxia that was attenuated by 20- and 40-min but not by 5- and 10-min exposure durations. Similarly, the cAMP antagonist Rp 8-Bromo cAMPs had no influence on pial dilation during 5 min of hypoxia, decremented the dilation during a 10-min exposure, but had no effect on the dilation during a 20- or 40-min exposure (36+/-1% vs. 34+/-2%, 34+/-1% vs. 22+/-1%, 24+/-2% vs. 21+/-2%, and 21+/-2% vs. 19+/-2% for 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-min hypoxic dilations before and after Rp 8-Bromo cAMPs). Additionally, CSF cAMP was unchanged during 5 min, elevated during 10 min, but such elevations were attenuated during 20- and 40-min hypoxic exposure. Pial vasodilation to a cAMP analogue during hypoxia was attenuated by 20- and 40-min but not by 5- and 10-min hypoxic exposure durations. These data show that K(ca) channel activation and cAMP contribute to hypoxic pial artery dilation in a stimulus duration-dependent manner. These data suggest that diminished pial artery dilation during longer hypoxic exposure results from attenuated K(ca) channel and cAMP-dependent mechanisms.