cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bryan kolb: pioneer in neuropsychology and role model for teaching, mentoring, and involving undergraduates in neuroscience research.

Field Neurosciences Institute, 4677 Towne Centre, Saginaw, MI 48604. Bryan Kolb is a native of Calgary, Canada and is currently a Professor in the Neuroscience Department at the University of Lethbridge, where he has been since 1976. He received his PhD from Pennsylvania State University in 1973 and did postdoctoral work at the U of Western Ontario and the Montreal Neurological Institute. His recent work has focused on the development of the prefrontal cortex and how neurons of the cerebral cortex change in response to various developmental factors including hormones, experience, stress, drugs, neurotrophins, and injury, and how these changes are related to behavior. Bryan Kolb has published five books, including two textbooks with Ian Whishaw (Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, Sixth Edition; Introduction to Brain and Behavior, Third Edition), and over 300 articles and chapters. Kolb is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and a Killam Fellow of the Canada Council. He is currently a member of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research program in the Experience-Based Brain Development program. Bryan Kolb has won numerous teaching and research awards during his illustrious career, and his experience with mentoring undergraduate students provides an excellent model to emulate, for both young and seasoned faculty members who strive to provide their students with the best possible learning opportunities.
Shape invariance and its connection to potential algebra

Exactly solvable potentials of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics are known to be shape invariant. For these potentials, eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be derived using well known methods of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The majority of these potentials have also been shown to possess a potential algebra, and hence are also solvable by group theoretical techniques. In this paper, for a subset of solvable problems, we establish a connection between the two methods and show that they are indeed equivalent.
Trapping penguins with entangled B mesons

Abstract The first direct observation of time-reversal (T) violation in the B B ‾ system has been reported by the BaBar Collaboration, employing the method of Banuls and Bernabeu. Given this, we generalize their analysis of the time-dependent T-violating asymmetry ( A T ) to consider different choices of CP tags for which the dominant amplitudes have the same weak phase. As one application, we find that it is possible to measure departures from the universality of sin ⁡ ( 2 β ) directly. If sin ⁡ ( 2 β ) is universal, as in the Standard Model, the method permits the direct determination of penguin effects in these channels. Our method, although no longer a strict test of T, can yield tests of the sin ⁡ ( 2 β ) universality, or, alternatively, of penguin effects, of much improved precision even with existing data sets.
IceCube and the discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

By transforming a cubic kilometer of natural Antarctic ice into a neutrino detector, the IceCube project created the opportunity to observe cosmic neutrinos. We describe the experiment and the complementary methods presently used to study the flux of the recently discovered cosmic neutrinos. In one method, events are selected in which neutrinos interacted inside the instrumented volume of the detector, yielding a sample of events dominated by neutrinos of electron and tau flavor. Alternatively, another method detects secondary muons produced by neutrinos selected for having traveled through the Earth to reach the detector, providing a pure sample of muon neutrinos. We will summarize the results obtained with the enlarged data set collected since the initial discovery and appraise the current status of high-energy neutrino astronomy. The large extragalactic neutrino flux observed points to a nonthermal universe with comparable energy in neutrinos, gamma rays and cosmic rays. Continued observations may be closing in on the source candidates. In this context, we highlight the potential of multimessenger analyses as well as the compelling case for constructing a next-generation detector larger in volume by one order of magnitude.
Indestructibility of generically strong cardinals

Foreman (For13) proved the Duality Theorem, which gives an al- gebraic characterization of certain ideal quotients in generic extensions. As an application he proved that generic supercompactness of !1 is preserved by any proper forcing. We generalize portions of Foreman's Duality Theorem to the context of generic extender embeddings and ideal extenders (as introduced by Claverie (Cla10)). As an application we prove that if !1 is generically strong, then it remains so after adding any number of Cohen subsets of !1; however many other !1-closed posets—such as Colp!1,!2q—can destroy the generic strength of !1. This generalizes some results of Gitik-Shelah (GS89a) about indestructibility of strong cardinals to the generically strong context. We also prove similar theorems for successor cardinals larger than !1.
Probabilistic Stabilization Targets

AbstractWe study stabilization targets: common environmental policy recommendations that specify a maximum probability of an environmental variable exceeding a fixed target (e.g., limit climate change to at most 2°C above pre-industrial). Previous work generally considers stabilization targets under certainty equivalence. Using an integrated assessment model with uncertainty about the sensitivity of the temperature to greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations (the climate sensitivity), learning, and random weather shocks, we calculate the optimal GHG emissions policy with and without stabilization targets. We characterize the range of feasible targets and show that the climate is difficult to control in the short run, although as learning resolves the planner eventually achieves the target with a sustained reduction in emissions over time. We find that uncertainty exacerbates the welfare cost of stabilization targets. First, the targets are inflexible and do not adjust to new information about the climate syste...
Modulation of Phenol Oxidation in Cofacial Dyads.

The presentation of two phenols on a xanthene backbone is akin to the tyrosine dyad (Y730 and Y731) of ribonucleotide reductase. X-ray crystallography reveals that the two phenol moieties are cofacially disposed at 4.35 A. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that phenol oxidation is modulated within the dyad, which exhibits a splitting of one-electron waves with the second oxidation of the phenol dyad occurring at larger positive potential than that of a typical phenol. In contrast, a single phenol appended to a xanthene exhibits a two-electron process, consistent with reported oxidation pathways of phenols in acetonitrile. The perturbation of the phenol potential by stacking is reminiscent of a similar effect for guanines stacked within DNA base pairs.
Is There a Unified Description of Conductivity of Layered Cuprates

We present a novel approach to the analysis of the normal state in-plane $$\sigma _{ab} $$ and out-of-plane σc conductivities of anisotropic layered crystals such as oxygen deficient YBa 2 Cu 3 O x . It can be shown that the resistive anisotropy is determined by the ratio of the phase coherence lengths in the respective directions; i.e., $$\sigma _{ab} /\sigma _c = \ell _{ab}^2 /\ell _c^2 $$ . From the idea that at all doping levels and temperatures T the out-of-plane transport in these crystals is incoherent, follows that $$\ell _c $$ is T-independent, equal to the spacing $$\ell _0 $$ between the neighboring bilayers. Thus, the T-dependence of $$\ell _{ab} $$ is given by the measured anisotropy, and $$\sigma _{ab} (\ell _{ab} )$$ dependence is obtained by plotting $$\sigma _{ab} {\text{ }}vs{\text{ }}\ell = {\text{ (}}\sigma _{ab} /\sigma _c )^{1/2} \ell _0 $$ .The analysis of several single crystals of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (6.35 < x < 6.93) shows that for all of them $$\sigma _{ab} (\ell ) $$ is described by a universal dependence $$\sigma _{ab} /\overline \sigma = f(\ell /\overline \ell ) $$ with doping dependent parameters $$\overline \sigma {\text{ }}and{\text{ }}\overline \ell $$ .
An improved synthesis of [11C]MENET via Suzuki coupling with [11C]methyl iodide

[11C]MENET, a promising norepinephrine transporter imaging agent, was prepared by Suzuki cross coupling of 1 mg N-t-Boc pinacolborate precursor with [11C]CH3I in DMF using palladium complex generated in situ from Pd2(dba)3 and (o-CH3C6H4)3P together with K2CO3 as the co-catalyst, followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. This improved radiolabeling method provided [11C]MENET in high radiochemical yield at end of synthesis (EOS, 51 ± 3%, decay-corrected from end of 11CH3I synthesis, n = 6), moderate specific activity (1.5–1.9 Ci/µmol at EOS), and high radiochemical (>98%) and chemical purity (>98%) in a synthesis time of 60 ± 5 min from the end of bombardment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superfluid Transition of 4He in Porous Gold

We have measured the superfluid density and the heat capacity of {sup 4}He confined in porous gold in order to study the effect of quenched disorder on the superfluid transition. The superfluid density exponent is found to be identical to that of bulk {sup 4}He within experimental resolution. The heat capacity shows a sharp peak at the transition temperature. The size of the peak appears to be larger than that predicted by critical phenomena theory. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Parental Human Capital and Effective School Management : Evidence from The Gambia

Education systems in developing countries are often centrally managed in a top-down structure. In environments where schools have different needs and where localized information plays an important role, empowerment of the local community may be attractive, but low levels of human capital at the local level may offset gains from local information. This paper reports the results of a four-year, large-scale experiment that provided a grant and comprehensive school management training to principals, teachers, and community representatives in a set of schools. To separate the effect of the training from the grant, a second set of schools received the grant only with no training. A third set of schools served as a control group and received neither intervention. Each of 273 Gambian primary schools were randomized to one of the three groups. The program was implemented through the government education system. Three to four years into the program, the full intervention led to a 21 percent reduction in student absenteeism and a 23 percent reduction in teacher absenteeism, but produced no impact on student test scores. The effect of the full program on learning outcomes is strongly mediated by baseline local capacity, as measured by adult literacy. This result suggests that, in villages with high literacy, the program may yield gains on students' learning outcomes. Receiving the grant alone had no impact on either test scores or student participation.
An efficient MAP classifier for sensornets

The classification phase is computationally intensive and frequently recurs in tracking applications in sensor networks. Most related work uses traditional signal processing classifiers, such as Maximum A Posterior (MAP) classifier. Naive formulations of MAP are not feasible for resource constraint sensornet nodes. In this paper, we study computationally efficient methods for classification. We propose to use one-sided Jacobi iterations for eigen value decomposition of the covariance matrices, the inverse of which are needed in MAP classifier. We show that this technique greatly simplifies the execution of MAP classifier and makes it a feasible and efficient choice for sensornet applications.
Quantifying Liquidity and Default Risks of Corporate Bonds over the Business Cycle

We develop a structural credit risk model to examine how the interactions of liquidity and default risk aect corporate bond pricing. By explicitly modeling debt rollover and by endogenizing the holding costs via collateralized nancing, our model generates rich links between liquidity risk and default risk. The introduction of macroeconomic risks helps the model capture realistic time variation in default risk premia and the default-liquidity spiral over the business cycle. Across dierent credit ratings, our calibrated model can simultaneously match the average default probabilities, credit spreads, and bond liquidity measures including Bond-CDS spreads and bid-ask spreads in the data. Through a structural decomposition, we show that the interactions between liquidity and default risk account for 25 40% of the observed credit spreads and up to 55% of the credit spread changes over the business cycle. As an application, we use this framework to quantitatively evaluate the eects of liquidity-provision policies for
Perceptual user interfaces

For some time, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have been the dominant platform for human—computer interaction. The GUI-based style of interaction has made computers simpler and easier to use, especially for office productivity applications where computers are used as tools to accomplish specific tasks. However, as the way we use computers changes and computing becomes more pervasive and ubiquitous, GUIs will not easily support the range of interactions necessary to meet users’ needs. In order to accommodate a wider range of scenarios, tasks, users and preferences, we need to move toward interfaces that are natural, intuitive, adaptive and unobtrusive. The aim of a new focus in MCI, called Perceptual User Interfaces (PUIs), is to make human—computer interaction more like how people interact with each other and with the world. This chapter describes the emerging PUI field and then reports on three PUI-motivated projects: computer vision-based techniques to visually perceive relevant information about the user.
Income inequality and violent crime : evidence from Mexico's drug war

The relationship between income inequality and crime has attracted the interest of many researchers, but little convincing evidence exists on the causal effect of inequality on crime in developing countries. This paper estimates this effect in a unique context: Mexico's Drug War. The analysis takes advantage of a unique data set containing inequality and crime statistics for more than 2,000 Mexican municipalities covering a period of 20 years. Using an instrumental variable for inequality that tackles problems of reverse causality and omitted variable bias, this paper finds that an increment of one point in the Gini coefficient translates into an increase of more than 10 drug-related homicides per 100,000 inhabitants between 2006 and 2010. There are no significant effects before 2005. The fact that the effect was found during Mexico's Drug War and not before is likely because the cost of crime decreased with the proliferation of gangs (facilitating access to knowledge and logistics, lowering the marginal cost of criminal behavior), which, combined with rising inequality, increased the expected net benefit from criminal acts after 2005.
Eros as the Educational Principle of Democracy

This paper explores the value of the eros motif for critical pedagogy and citizenship education. The conceptual affinities between eros and democracy are identified and integrated into a theory of democratic political education. Long recognized as vital to the process of self knowledge, the ancient Greek concept of eros has nevertheless been largely erased from contemporary educational debate. By retrieving eros from the fringe of academic discourse and integrating it with critical pedagogy, the aims of radical democracy can be more fully achieved. The essay emphasizes the civil society or cultural dimensions of democracy as against its legal or procedural aspects. Renewed emphasis on the associational qualities of democracy underscore the importance of eros as an educational principle. The ancient pedagogical motif of educating the desires is posited as an alternative to the liberal/modernist paradigm of education which de-values affective domains of knowledge.
Sources of Geographic Variation in Health Care: Evidence From Patient Migration

We study the drivers of geographic variation in US health care utilization, using an empirical strategy that exploits migration of Medicare patients to separate the role of demand and supply factors. Our approach allows us to account for demand differences driven by both observable and unobservable patient characteristics. Within our sample of over-65 Medicare beneficiaries, we find that 40-50 percent of geographic variation in utilization is attributable to demand-side factors, including health and preferences, with the remainder due to place-specific supply factors. JEL: H51, I1, I11.
The Education of Real Estate Salespeople and the Value of the Firm

In order to protect the public, most states require salespeople and brokers to meet specific licensing requirements, typically in the form of classroom instruction and/or successful completion of a...
Quantum Error Correction and Reversible Operations

This article gives a pedagogical account of Shor's nine-bit code for correcting arbitrary errors on single qubits and reviews work that determines when it is possible to maintain quantum coherence by reversing the deleterious effects of open-system quantum dynamics. The review provides an opportunity to introduce an efficient formalism for handling superoperators. Some bounds on entanglement fidelity, which might prove useful in analyses of approximate error correction, are presented and proved.
Relative learning from web images for content-adaptive enhancement

Personalized and content-adaptive image enhancement can find many applications in the age of social media and mobile computing. This paper presents a relative-learning-based approach, which, unlike previous methods, does not require matching original and enhanced images for training. This allows the use of massive online photo collections to train a ranking model for improved enhancement. We first propose a multi-level ranking model, which is learned from only relatively-labeled inputs that are automatically crawled. Then we design a novel parameter sampling scheme under this model to generate the desired enhancement parameters for a new image. For evaluation, we first verify the effectiveness and the generalization abilities of our approach, using images that have been enhanced/labeled by experts. Then we carry out subjective tests, which show that users prefer images enhanced by our approach over other existing methods.
Evaluating training programs for small and medium enterprises : lessons from Mexico

While there have been numerous impact evaluations of unemployed individuals participating in retraining programs or in programs to foster self-employment, impact evaluations of enterprises benefiting from training programs for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are rare. The authors reevaluate the impact of the largest SME program in Mexico, the Comprehensive Quality and Modernization Program (CIMO). They show that compared to the control group, CIMO firms increased investments in worker training, had higher rates of capacity utilization, and were more likely to adopt quality practices. The evidence also suggests that these improved intermediate outcomes were associated with increased productivity growth among CIMO participants, impacts that were especially strong throughout the 1991-93 period. However, the productivity impacts of CIMO are not apparent in the 1993-95 period.
A scheme for approximating probabilistic inference

This paper describes a class of probabilistic approximation algorithms based on bucket elimination which offer adjustable levels of accuracy and efficiency. We analyze the approximation for several tasks: finding the most probable explanation, belief updating and finding the maximum a posteriori hypothesis. We identify regions of completeness and provide preliminary empirical evaluation on randomly generated networks.
On the Kohn-Sham equations with periodic background potentials

We study the question of existence and uniqueness for the finite temperature Kohn-Sham equations. For finite volumes, a unique soluion is shown to exists if the effective potential satisfies a set of general conditions and the coupling constant is smaller than a certain value. For periodic background potentials, this value is proven to be volume independent. In this case, the finite volume solutions are shown to converge as the thermodynamic limit is considered. The local density approximation is shown to satisfy the general conditions mentioned above.
Preparing for Biofilm Studies in the Field

In their natural environments, microorganisms are under constant environmental selection to form biofilms. Using aquatic biofilms as an example, this unit illustrates general concepts in field biology and practical suggestions for designing, conducting, and analyzing biofilm experiments at varying distances from the laboratory. The unit also addresses an example of a special situation (space flight) where experimentation must be done by proxy through another individual or machine. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 10:1B.4.1-1B.4.14. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: biofilm; bacteria; field studies
A Technical Memorandum On Core Radii In Lens Statistics

Quantitative estimates of lensing probabilities must be self-consistent. In particular, for asymptotically isothermal models: (1) using the (3/2)1/2 correction for the velocity dispersion overestimates the expected number of lenses by 150% and their average separations by 50%, thereby introducing large cosmological errors; (2) when a core radius is added to the SIS model, the velocity dispersion must be increased; and (3) cross sections and magnification bias cannot be separated when computing the lensing probability. When we self-consistently calculate the effects of finite core radii in flat cosmological models, we find that the cosmological limits are independent of the core radius.
THE VALUE OF WATER RIGHTS IN AGRICULTURAL PROPERTIES IN THE PHOENIX ACTIVE MANAGEMENT AREA

Summary Statistics of DATA Variable Description 391 observations Mean Min Max Sale price/acre Land size Precipitation Slope Ln_Free Shrub3000 Dev3000 Water Right Year Dummy YR2001 YR2002 YR2003 YR2004 YR2005 YR2006 YR2007 YR2008 YR2009 YR2010 City Dummy Urban Phoenix Mesa Chandler Glendale Gilbert Good Year Buckeye Deflated property price in acre (2001) The size of land in acres Average annual precipitation in millimeter (1971-2000) Average slope in degrees Natural log distance to nearest freeway The % of shrub cover within a 3000m buffer of a centeroid of farmland The % of developed cover within a 3000m buffer of a centeroid of farmland Total acre-feet of water in water right (grandfathered right or type I water right) 1 if farm transacted in 2001, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2002, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2003, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2004, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2005, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2006, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2007, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2008, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2009, else 0 1 if farm transacted in 2010, else 0 1 if farm transacted in urban areas, else 0 1 if farm transacted in Phoenix, else 0 1 if farm transacted in Mesa else 0 1 if farm transacted in Chandler, else 0 1 if farm transacted in Glendale, else 0 1 if farm transacted in Gilbert, else 0 1 if farm transacted in Good Year, else 0 1 if farm transacted in Buckeye, else 0 $276,470 76 214.26 0.34 7.79 0.2000 0.0102 2878.74AF 0.056(22 obs) 0.049(19 obs) 0.049(19 obs) 0.082(32 obs) 0.212(83 obs) 0.202(79 obs) 0.109(43 obs) 0.064(25 obs) 0.082(32 obs) 0.095(37 obs) 0.598(234 obs) 0.087(34 obs) 0.102(40 obs) 0.072(28 obs) 0.026(10 obs) 0.043(17 obs) 0.120(47 obs) 0.148(58 obs) $771 0.14 187.64 0.04 3.05 0.0011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $15,712,730 1,294 257.12 5.66 10.18 0.9078 0.1333 131,010AF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Electron impact excitation of methane

Electron energy‐loss spectra covering the elastic and inelastic region up to 15.0 eV were obtained at 20, 30, and 200 eV impact energies at scattering angles ranging from 8° to 130°. Relative differential elasticscattering cross sections were determined at each impact energy and then, normalized to the absolute scale by utilizing the 100° differential cross sections of Tanaka et al. (private communication) at 20 and 30 eV and to theory [Dahl et al. J. Phys. B 1 2, 2727 (1979)] at 200 eV. The inelastic region of the energy‐loss spectrum was divided into five ranges. From the integrated scattering intensities over these ranges with respect to the elasticscattering and from the normalized elastic cross section, the inelastic cross sections were calculated.
Designing HVAC systems using particle swarm optimization

Many design and operating goals in HVAC systems are optimization problems. For example, building operators want to determine the combination of equipment and set-points that result in the most energy-efficient operating conditions. Similarly, HVAC system designers want to determine the best combination of equipment, components, and operating conditions that provide minimum lifecycle cost. In both problems, the goal is to find an optimal set of system design variables. The purpose of this work is to apply an optimization technique known as particle swarm optimization to the design and operation of HVAC systems. This algorithm is based on the idea of swarms of animals, such as flying birds or insects, searching for food. In these swarms, each member gains knowledge from the whole and in turn contributes its individual knowledge back to the swarm. The result is a very efficient way to find the best available food source. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is well suited to computers with multiple proc...
Textbook examples of recursion

We discuss properties of recursive schemas related to McCarthy's ``91 function'' and to Takeuchi's triple recursion. Several theorems are proposed as interesting candidates for machine verification, and some intriguing open questions are raised.
The proton spin and flavor structure in the chiral quark model

After a pedagogical review of the simple constituent quark model and deep inelastic sum rules, we describe how a quark sea as produced by the emission of internal Goldstone bosons by the valence quarks can account for the observed features of proton spin and flavor structures. Some issues concerning the strange quark content of the nucleon are also discussed.
Performance analysis of multiple antenna multi-user detection

We derive the diversity order of some multiple antenna multi-user cancellation and detection schemes. The common property of these detection methods is the usage of Alamouti and quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes. For detecting J users each having N transmit antennas, these schemes require only J antennas at the receiver. Our analysis shows that when having M receive antennas, the array-processing schemes provide the diversity order of N(M − J + 1). In addition, our results prove that regardless of the number of users or receive antennas, when using maximum-likelihood decoding we get the full transmit and receive diversities, i.e. N M, similar to the no-interference scenario.
Verifying the SRT Division Algorithm Using Theorem Proving Techniques

We verify the correctness of an SRT division circuit similar to the one in the Intel Pentium processor. The circuit and its correctness conditions are formalized as a set of algebraic relations on the real numbers. The main obstacle to applying theorem proving techniques for hardware verification is the need for detailed user guidance of proofs. We overcome the need for detailed proof guidance in this example by using a powerful theorem prover called Analytica. Analytica uses symbolic algebra techniques to carry out the proofs in this paper with much less guidance than existing general purpose theorem provers require for algebraic reasoning.
Identifiability Results for Several Classes of Linear Compartment Models

Identifiability concerns finding which unknown parameters of a model can be estimated, uniquely or otherwise, from given input–output data. If some subset of the parameters of a model cannot be determined given input–output data, then we say the model is unidentifiable. In this work, we study linear compartment models, which are a class of biological models commonly used in pharmacokinetics, physiology, and ecology. In past work, we used commutative algebra and graph theory to identify a class of linear compartment models that we call identifiable cycle models, which are unidentifiable but have the simplest possible identifiable functions (so-called monomial cycles). Here we show how to modify identifiable cycle models by adding inputs, adding outputs, or removing leaks, in such a way that we obtain an identifiable model. We also prove a constructive result on how to combine identifiable models, each corresponding to strongly connected graphs, into a larger identifiable model. We apply these theoretical results to several real-world biological models from physiology, cell biology, and ecology.
Bootstrap for Local Rigidity of Anosov Automorphisms on the 3-Torus

We establish a strong form of local rigidity for hyperbolic automorphisms of the 3-torus with real spectrum. Namely, let \({L:\mathbb{T}^3\to\mathbb{T}^3}\) be a hyperbolic automorphism of the 3-torus with real spectrum and let f be a C 1 small perturbation of L. Then f is smoothly (\({C^\infty}\)) conjugate to L if and only if obstructions to C 1 conjugacy given by the eigenvalues at periodic points of f vanish. By combining our result and a local rigidity result of Kalinin and Sadovskaya (Ergod Theory Dyn Syst 29:117–136, 2009) for conformal automorphisms this completes the local rigidity program for hyperbolic automorphisms in dimension 3. Our work extends de la Llave–Marco–Moriyon 2-dimensional local rigidity theory (Commun Math Phys 109:368–378, 1987; Ergod Theory Dyn Syst 17(3):649–662, 1997; Commun Math Phys 109(4):681–689, 1987).
Extreme Weather Events, Mortality, and Migration

Abstract We estimate the effect of extreme weather on life expectancy in the United States. Using high-frequency data, we find that both extreme heat and cold result in immediate increases in mortality. The increase in mortality following extreme heat appears mostly driven by near-term displacement, while the increase in mortality following extreme cold is long lasting. We estimate that the number of annual deaths attributable to cold temperature is 0.8% of average annual deaths in our sample. The longevity gains associated with mobility from the Northeast to the Southwest account for 4% to 7% of the total gains in life expectancy experienced by the U.S. population over the past thirty years.
On the Computational Complexity of MapReduce

In this paper we study the MapReduce Class MRC defined by Karloffi?źeti?źal., which is a formal complexity-theoretic model of MapReduce. We show that constant-round MRC computations can decide regular languages and simulate sublogarithmic space-bounded Turing machines. In addition, we prove hierarchy theorems for MRC under certain complexity-theoretic assumptions. These theorems show that sufficiently increasing the number of rounds or the amount of time per processor strictly increases the computational power of MRC. Our work lays the foundation for further analysis relating MapReduce to established complexity classes. Our results also hold for Valiant's BSP model of parallel computation and the MPC model of Beamei?źeti?źal.
Large charmless yield in B decays and inclusive B decay puzzles

In recent studies of inclusiveB decays, it has been suggested that eitherB mesons decay much more copiously to final states with no open charm than currently assumed, orB(D 0 → K−π+) has to be reduced significantly. This note takes the experimentalB(D 0 → K−π+) at its face value and estimatesB(b → no open charm) using complementary methods: one accounts for thec quark inb → c transitions, the other accounts for the c quark inb → ccs transitions. Through cancellation of errors, the average gives our best estimate ofB(b → no open charm), and the difference measures the consistency. The results of the methods are consistent with each other, strongly suggesting a much enhancedB(b → no open charm). This observation indicates that non-perturbative QCD effects are probably causing a sizable fraction of theb → ccs transitions to be seen as charmlessb → s processes, contrary to smaller traditional expectations. This mechanism has generally been overlooked and may explain the existing experimental data within the framework of the standard model. We then briefly discuss implications on baryon production governed byb → ccs processes, rare hadronicB decays and CP violation studies.
Radiation from particles moving in small-scale magnetic fields created in solid-density laser-plasma laboratory experiments

Plasmas created by high-intensity lasers are often subject to the formation of kinetic-streaming instabilities, such as the Weibel instability, which lead to the spontaneous generation of high-amplitude, tangled magnetic fields. These fields typically exist on small spatial scales, i.e., “sub-Larmor scales.” Radiation from charged particles moving through small-scale electromagnetic (EM) turbulence has spectral characteristics distinct from both synchrotron and cyclotron radiation, and it carries valuable information on the statistical properties of the EM field structure and evolution. Consequently, this radiation from laser-produced plasmas may offer insight into the underlying electromagnetic turbulence. Here, we investigate the prospects for, and demonstrate the feasibility of, such direct radiative diagnostics for mildly relativistic, solid-density laser plasmas produced in lab experiments.
Computing best-response strategies in infinite games of incomplete information

We describe an algorithm for computing best-response strategies in a class of two-player infinite games of incomplete information, defined by payoffs piecewise linear in agents' types and actions, conditional on linear comparisons of agents' actions. We show that this class includes many well-known games including a variety of auctions and a novel allocation game. In some cases, the best-response algorithm can be iterated to compute Bayes-Nash equilibria. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on existing and new games.
Pets or Meat

The central question I am interested in exploring in this essay is whether and when commingling commodification with affection can be more problematic than naked commodification. The notion that it is problematic to allow commodification to leach into certain realms thought of as properly the domain of affection, the notion that such realms simply should not be commodified, is a familiar one, central to policy debates on matters such as the legalization of prostitution, premarital...
Observability of Lattice Graphs

We consider a graph observability problem: how many edge colors are needed for an unlabeled graph so that an agent, walking from node to node, can uniquely determine its location from just the observed color sequence of the walk? Specifically, let G(n, d) be an edge-colored subgraph of d-dimensional (directed or undirected) lattice of size $$n^d = n \times n \times \cdots \times n$$nd=n×n×ź×n. We say that G(n, d) is t-observable if an agent can uniquely determine its current position in the graph from the color sequence of any t-dimensional walk, where the dimension is the number of different directions spanned by the edges of the walk. A walk in an undirected lattice G(n, d) has dimension between 1 and d, but a directed walk can have dimension between 1 and 2d because of two different orientations for each axis. We derive bounds on the number of colors needed for t-observability. Our main result is that $$\varTheta (n^{d/t})$$ź(nd/t) colors are both necessary and sufficient for t-observability of G(n, d), where d is considered a constant. This shows an interesting dependence of graph observability on the ratio between the dimension of the lattice and that of the walk. In particular, the number of colors for full-dimensional walks is $$\varTheta (n^{1/2})$$ź(n1/2) in the directed case, and $$\varTheta (n)$$ź(n) in the undirected case, independent of the lattice dimension. All of our results extend easily to non-square lattices: given a lattice graph of size $$N = n_1 \times n_2 \times \cdots \times n_d$$N=n1×n2×ź×nd, the number of colors for t-observability is $$\varTheta (\root t \of {N})$$ź(Nt).
Exact Computation of the n-Loop Invariants of Knots

AbstractThe loop invariants of Dimofte–Garoufalidis is a formal power series with arithmetically interesting coefficients that conjecturally appears in the asymptotics of the Kashaev invariant of a knot to all orders in 1/N. We develop methods implemented in SnapPy that compute the first six coefficients of the formal power series of a knot. We give examples that illustrate our method and its results.
Mass Loss from Warm Giants: Magnetic Effects

Among warm giant stars, rapid mass loss sets in along a well-defined velocity dividing line (VDL) in the HR diagram. Hot coronae also disappear close to the VDL: hence, thermal pressure cannot drive the observed rapid mass loss in these stars. The VDL may be associated with magnetic fields changing from closed to open. Such a change was predicted (Mullan, 1978), and is consistent with the lack of X-rays from late-type giants. To refine this prediction, we derive a magnetic transition locus (MTL) based on Pneuman’s (1968) work on helmet streamer stability. The MTL agrees well with the empirical VDL. We propose that the change from closed to open fields not only makes rapid mass loss possible, but also contributes to energizing the mass loss in the form of discrete “bubbles”.
A Middleware Substrate for Integrating Services on the Grid

In this paper we present the design, implementation and evaluation of the Grid-enabled Discover middleware substrate. The middleware substrate enables Grid infrastructure services provided by the Globus Toolkit (security, information, resource management, storage) to interoperate with collaboratory services provided by Discover (collaborative application access, monitoring, and steering). Furthermore, it enables users to seamlessly access and integrate local and remote services to synthesize customized middleware configurations on demand.
Decay estimates for variable coefficient wave equations in exterior domains

In this article we consider variable coefficient, time-dependent wave equations in exterior domains R × (R n Ω), n ≥ 3. We prove localized energy estimates if Ω is star-shaped, and global in time Strichartz estimates if Ω is strictly convex.
Introduction to Gravitational Self-Force

The motion of a sufficiently small body in general relativity should be accurately described by a geodesic. However, there should be “gravitational self-force” corrections to geodesic motion, analogous to the “radiation reaction forces” that occur in electrodynamics. It is of considerable importance to be able to calculate these self-force corrections in order to be able to determine such effects as inspiral motion in the extreme mass ratio limit. However, severe difficulties arise if one attempts to consider point particles in the context of general relativity. This article describes these difficulties and how they have been dealt with.
The effect of a locally adapted, secondary stroke risk factor self-management program on medication adherence among veterans with stroke/TIA

We targeted stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors to engage in self-management practices to manage secondary stroke risk factors. We conducted a randomized, regional pilot trial of a locally adapted, secondary stroke prevention program. We implemented the program at two Veterans Administration Medical Centers. Program sessions targeted stroke risk factor self-management. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of the program on the reach, implementation, and effectiveness on patient self-efficacy; stroke-specific, health-related quality of life; and medication adherence for the prevalent stroke risk factors: (1) diabetes, (2) hypertension, and (3) hyperlipidemia. Medication possession ratios were calculated to evaluate medication adherence using VA pharmacy benefits data pre (6 months prior) and post (6 months after) the stroke/TIA event. Based upon the literature standard of 80 % compliance rate, we dichotomized compliance and modeled the data using logistical regression. Final sample included 174 veterans with an acute stroke or TIA who were randomized to receive either the intervention (n = 87) or attention control program (n = 87). Patient self-efficacy and stroke-specific, health-related quality of life at 6 months did not significantly differ between groups. We found improvements in medication adherence within the intervention group. In the intervention group, the odds of compliance with diabetes medications post-stroke were significantly larger than the odds of compliance prior to the stroke (odds ratio = 3.45 (95 % CI = 1.08–10.96). For compliance to hypertension medications, the intervention group showed significantly greater odds of compliance post intervention than pre intervention (odds ratio = 3. 68 (95 % CI = 1.81–7.48). The control group showed no difference in compliance rates from baseline to follow-up. For adherence to hypercholesterolemia medications, both the intervention (odds ratio = 5.98 (95 % CI = 2.81–12.76) and control groups (odds ratio = 3.83 (95 % CI = 1.83–8.01), had significant increases in the odds of compliance to statin medications; however, the comparison of changes in log odds of compliance between these two groups showed that the increases were not significantly different. We observed within group improvements in medication adherence among those receiving a post-stroke risk factor self-management program suggesting that a self-management format may be feasible to enable adherence to prescribed medications to reduce secondary stroke risk after stroke in concordance with guideline care. Additional research is needed to enhance intervention components to improve effectiveness outcomes.
The role of transient ion foreshock phenomena in driving Pc5 ULF wave activity

[1] The ion foreshock is a source of energy for magnetospheric ULF waves, but it is usually only considered effective at driving ULF waves with frequencies above the Pc5 (2–7 mHz) range. We present observations for an 8 h high speed solar wind interval on 14 July 2008 during which three distinct types of transient ion foreshock phenomena (TIFP) were observed just upstream of the dayside bow shock. We demonstrate that TIFP generate global magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves with amplitudes as large as 10 mV/m in the electric field and 10 nT in the magnetic field. We characterize the magnetospheric ULF response to several different TIFP that occur during this interval, including the first report of the ULF response to a foreshock bubble. Using a novel spacecraft configuration, we find that the local time with the highest Pc5 wave amplitude is closely related to the location of the ion foreshock. Statistical studies of Pc5 ULF wave activity, other case studies of ULF waves driven by processes in the ion foreshock, and recent theoretical and simulation work on TIFP place these results in context: TIFP are an important energy source for Pc5 ULF waves in the magnetosphere.
How many children? - Fixing total annual births as a population control policy

Traditional family planning's emphasis on manipulating the total fertility rate often results in erratic number of births which disrupts school enrollment and labor supply. Fixing total annual births to a permanently lower level will avoid such repeated disruptions and can eventually lead to a lower stationary population with annual deaths equal to the fixed annual births. If allocation of the fixed birth quotas is conditional upon deaths, each death can be converted to a variable number of inheritable and tradable birth quotas. Tradable birth coupons allow families to have the number of children they want and can afford within the overall fixed birth quotas. Inheritable birth quotas provide incentive for higher old-age mortality and consequently less aging in a declining population.
The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies amidst the Economic Crisis

This paper examines newly available data from the World Bank-sponsored Global Antidumping Database tracking the worldwide use of trade remedies such as antidumping, countervailing duties, global safeguards and China-specific safeguards during the current economic crisis. The data indicate a marked increase in WTO members' combined resort to these instruments beginning in 2008 that continued into the first quarter 2009. The use of these import-restricting instruments is increasingly affecting South-Southtrade, i.e., developing country importers initiating and imposing new protectionist measures primarily affecting developing country exporters, with a special emphasis on exports from China. However, the collective value of imports in 2007 for the major (G-20) economies that has subsequently come under attack by the use of import-restricting trade remedies during the period of 2008 to early 2009 is likely less than $29 billion, or less than 0.45 per cent of these economies' total imports, though there is substantial variation across countries. While the level of trade affected thus far may be small for most of these economies, a first assessment of some of the case-level data identifies a number of ways in which the crisis use of these import-restricting trade remedies may have economically important welfare-distorting effects on economic activity.
Probability update: conditioning vs. cross-entropy

Conditioning is the generally agreed-upon method for updating probability distributions when one learns that an event is certainly true. But it has been argued that we need other rules, in particular the rule of cross-entropy minimization, to handle updates that involve uncertain information. In this paper we re-examine such a case: van Fraassen's Judy Benjamin problem [1987], which in essence asks how one might update given the value of a conditional probability. We argue that--contrary to the suggestions in the literature--it is possible to use simple conditionalization in this case, and thereby obtain answers that agree fully with intuition. This contrasts with proposals such as cross-entropy, which are easier to apply but can give unsatisfactory answers. Based on the lessons from this example, we speculate on some general philosophical issues concerning probability update.
FrogWild!: fast PageRank approximations on graph engines

We propose FrogWild, a novel algorithm for fast approximation of high PageRank vertices, geared towards reducing network costs of running traditional PageRank algorithms. Our algorithm can be seen as a quantized version of power iteration that performs multiple parallel random walks over a directed graph. One important innovation is that we introduce a modification to the GraphLab framework that only partially synchronizes mirror vertices. This partial synchronization vastly reduces the network traffic generated by traditional PageRank algorithms, thus greatly reducing the per-iteration cost of PageRank. On the other hand, this partial synchronization also creates dependencies between the random walks used to estimate PageRank. Our main theoretical innovation is the analysis of the correlations introduced by this partial synchronization process and a bound establishing that our approximation is close to the true PageRank vector.We implement our algorithm in GraphLab and compare it against the default PageRank implementation. We show that our algorithm is very fast, performing each iteration in less than one second on the Twitter graph and can be up to 7x faster compared to the standard GraphLab PageRank implementation.