cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immediate Treatment of the Drowned Diver

In the United States alone, some 90 recreational SCUBA fatalities occur each year, and drowning is reported as the leading cause of death. In diving-related drowning incidents, entanglement, out-of-air emergencies at depth and overhead environment, such as occurs during cave diving and wreck diving, are common circumstances. In cold water, the maximum breath-hold time drops dramatically, further compromising ability to survive. In divers, unconsciousness due to AGE, DCS or other causes, can lead to water aspiration and drowning.
Language selection and query formulation in Arabic users’ English-language searching

Due to the overwhelming presence of English language sources on the Web, large numbers of non-native English speakers are forced to seek information in English to fulfill their information seeking needs. Arabic-speakers are among those who search in English as a non-native language. The objective of this work-in-progress paper is to explore the search behaviors and challenges of Arabs when searching in English. Data were collected in a diary study and focus groups. To mitigate the challenges of searching in English, our participants often turned to members of their own community to help navigate unfamiliar information spaces.
It’s not just the big kids: both high and low BMI impact bracing success for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Purpose Bracing is a common treatment for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and is recommended for most skeletally immature patients with a curve of 25–45° in order to prevent or delay curve progression. The aim of this study was to determine at which body habitus orthotic management for AIS becomes less effective. We hypothesize that overweight children are more likely to fail brace treatment.
Resolution of Gibbs phenomenon using a modified pseudo-spectral operator in harmonic balance CFD solvers

A new pseudo-spectral operator is developed for time-spectral harmonic balance solutions of periodic unsteady flows. The method utilises a mechanism similar to sigma-approximation technique with Lanczos filtering function that alters the inverse of the discrete Fourier transformation matrix, leading to a modified pseudo-spectral operator. The modified operator is then used instead of the original operator that mimics the time-derivative term of the unsteady governing equations. The modified operator is capable of damping high-frequency nonlinearities in the harmonic balance solution, thus alleviating the effects of high-frequency oscillations that result in Gibbs-type phenomena. The effectiveness and robustness of the technique are demonstrated through various test cases.
Submarine groundwater discharge and solute transport under a transgressive barrier island

Abstract Many recent investigations of groundwater dynamics in beaches employed groundwater models that assumed isotropic, numerically-convenient hydrogeological conditions. Real beaches exhibit local variability with respect to stratigraphy, sediment grain size and associated topographic profile, so that groundwater flow may diverge significantly from idealized models. We used a combination of hydrogeologic field methods and a variable-density, saturated-unsaturated, transient groundwater flow model to investigate SGD and solute transport under Cabretta Beach, a small transgressive barrier island seaward of Sapelo Island, Georgia. We found that the inclusion of real beach heterogeneity drove important deviations from predictions based on theoretical beaches. Cabretta Beach sustained a stronger upper saline plume than predicted due to the presence of a buried silty mud layer beneath the surface. Infiltration of seawater was greater for neap tides than for spring tides due to variations in beach slope. The strength of the upper saline plume was greatest during spring tides, contrary to recent model predictions. The position and width of the upper saline plume was highly dynamic through the lunar cycle. Our results suggest that field measurements of salinity gradients may be useful for estimating rates of tidally and density driven recirculation through the beach. Finally, our results indicate that several important biogeochemical cycles recently studied at Cabretta Beach were heavily influenced by groundwater flow and associated solute transport.
Is traditional male circumcision effective as an HIV prevention strategy? Evidence from Lesotho.

In many developing countries, male circumcision has been promoted as an effective HIV prevention strategy, and medical randomized controlled trials have indeed shown a causal link. However, there is limited empirical evidence to support this conclusion in countries where individuals can voluntary opt for different types of circumcision. The present study considers male circumcision in Lesotho, where HIV prevalence is among the highest in the world (23%). Here, men can opt for one of two types of circumcision: traditional male circumcision in initiation schools, or the medical option in health clinics. This paper investigates whether the former has medical effects on individual HIV status that are as beneficial as those shown for the latter. Controlling for the potential individual behavioral response after the operation, it was found that circumcision performed in initiation schools wholly offset the medical benefits of the surgical procedure. This supports anecdotal evidence that the operation performed by traditional circumcisers does not have the same protective effect against HIV transmission as the medical operation. No evidence of “disinhibition” behavior among circumcised men was found, nor differential risky sexual behavior among men circumcised, traditionally or medically. Considering that, in Lesotho, traditional male circumcision is undertaken by more than 90% of circumcised men, the findings highlight the need for further research into how the operation in initiation schools is performed and its medical benefits.
Disease and treatment factors associated with lower quality of life scores in adults with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I.

Background Physical and psychosocial morbidity of multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 is ill-defined. How disease and treatment-related factors relate to patient-reported outcomes including health-related quality of life is unknown. We hypothesized that disease and treatment burden negatively impacts health-related quality of life in adults with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1. Methods Adults (≥18 years) with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 completed an online survey of demographics, disease features, treatments, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item profile measure, and scores were compared with normative US data. Multivariable modeling was performed to evaluate factors associated with decreased health-related quality of life. Results Multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 patients ( n = 207) reported worse health-related quality of life compared with US normative data in all health-related quality of life domains ( P P P 50 miles for doctor appointments and ≥20 doctor appointments/year ( P Conclusion This is the largest study to assess clinical and treatment factors associated with health-related quality of life in multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1. Persistent hyperparathyroidism, increased travel distance and frequency of doctor appointments were all associated with worse health-related quality of life.
Quality as a Moving Target: Japanese Tea, Consumer Preference, and Federal Regulation on the US Market

In the 1860s, US consumers initially welcomed the first imports of Japanese green tea, viewing them as superior in quality to established Chinese varieties. Two decades later, however, Japanese tea faced a crisis amid rising concerns about its quality. This chapter explores first the reasons behind that crisis, highlighting the roles of rapidly changing consumer views of coloring agents added to teas, health movements, media reports of widespread adulterations, and negative advertising campaigns launched by promoters of rival India and Ceylon black teas. Second, it examines the response mounted by US merchants dealing in Japanese green tea, emphasizing how they championed the institution of federal standards of quality, imposed by the US Congress in 1883 and 1897. The chapter thus reveals the limited influence that Japanese producers played in shaping perceptions of quality for their product, stressing instead the impacts of US discourse concerning food and beverage adulteration and fluid consumer preferences for tea.
Seed germination of 53 species from the globally critically imperiled pine rockland ecosystem of South Florida, USA: effects of storage, phylogeny and life-history traits

Germination studies at the community level are crucial for understanding and predicting changes in species distribution patterns, particularly in endangered plant communities. We investigated the effects of dry (11–25% relative humidity) and freezing (–18°C) storage conditions, phylogeny and plant life-history traits (life-form, life-span, microhabitat and seed dispersal mode) on seed germination percentage (GP) and time to reach 50% germination (T 50) of 53 species native to pine rocklands in South Florida, USA, a globally critically imperiled ecosystem. Most species we studied (68%) withstood dry and freezing storage conditions and thus ex situ seed banking can assist their long-term conservation. Bayesian mixed effect models revealed that there was a significant phylogenetic signal in GP and T 50 across species. Life-history covariates did not explain significant additional variation in GP in models controlling for the phylogenetic relationships among species. T 50 differed among species with contrasting dispersal modes, with animal-dispersed seeds exhibiting more delayed germination than wind-dispersed or unassisted seeds. Differential germination responses across species with different seed dispersal modes have implications for potential shifts in species composition under disturbance and climate change. Thus, knowledge of species-relatedness and some life-history traits such as seed dispersal mode can significantly assist management decisions regarding seed storage and conservation of subtropical endangered plants.
Il paesaggio sonoro come nuova dimensione dell’ascolto

Il presente capitolo propone una riflessione sui processi di ascolto attivo nella generazione di contesti di apprendimento in situazioni di vita reale. Il contributo vuole proporre al lettore alcune considerazioni sul modo di intendere il tema dell’ascolto attivo nella pratica educativa. Nello specifico, a partire da una riflessione sul tema dell’ascolto “ai tempi di internet”, attraverso l’esplorazione di alcuni concetti consolidati in psicologia della percezione, si vuole offrire al lettore una chiave di lettura per identificare le caratteristiche dell’ascolto intenzionale, proattivo ed empatico. Per diventare ascoltatori competenti, l'attuazione di alcune strategie puo aiutare a ridurre il potenziale di stress e conflitto, facilitando maggiore apertura e costruendo un rapporto piu profondo e maturo con gli altri.
Interpersonal violence during pregnancy: Enduring effects in the post-partum period and implications for the intergenerational transmission of risk:

Women are at greater risk of exposure to interpersonal violence during pregnancy. The influence prenatal violence has on children’s behavioral adjustment is generally understood to stem from its im...
Solutions to the Triangular Bicycle Flags Problem.

466 about triangles. Teachers are able to assess their students' geometric thinking and understanding about triangles, and they gain insight into the strategies that students use to analyze shapes. Discussion of the problem in the May issue included examples of the five-level hierarchy for understanding spatial ideas and geometric thinking that was developed by Dutch educators Pierre van Hiele and Dina van Hiele-Geldof. The van Hiele
QUANTITATIVE SCF MO STUDIES OF REACTION MECHANISMS

If MO theory is to be used as a quantitative aid in the study of reaction mechanisms., the procedure used must be accurate and reliable and must not involve excessive computer costs. A review of existing procedures in the light of these restrictions indicates that only semiempirical SCF MO methods, based on approximations of the CNDO/INDO/NDDO type, presently offer hope of success. One such approach, MINDO/2, has proved promising and chemically useful results have already been obtained for various topical problems. (a) Detailed studies of the Cope rearrangement have reproduced the results of existing experimental work at less expense and have thrown additional light on the mechanism; they have also led to the prediction that a diazasemibullvalene should exist as a “nonclassical” bis-homobenzene;
Antiepileptic drug clearances during pregnancy and clinical implications for women with epilepsy

Objective To characterize the magnitude and time course of pregnancy-related clearance changes for different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, phenytoin, and valproate. A secondary aim was to determine if a decreased AED serum concentration was associated with increased seizure frequency. Methods Women with epilepsy were enrolled preconception or early in pregnancy and prospectively followed throughout pregnancy and the first postpartum year with daily diaries of AED doses, adherence, and seizures. Study visits with AED concentration measurements occurred every 1–3 months. AED clearances in each trimester were compared to nonpregnant baseline using a mixed linear regression model, with adjustments for age, race, and hours postdose. In women on monotherapy, 2-sample t test was used to compare the ratio to target concentrations (RTC) between women with seizure worsening each trimester and those without. Results AED clearances were calculated for levetiracetam (n = 18 pregnancies), oxcarbazepine (n = 4), topiramate (n = 10), valproate (n = 5), and phenytoin (n = 7). Mean maximal clearances were reached for (1) levetiracetam in first trimester (1.71-fold baseline clearance) (p = 0.0001), (2) oxcarbazepine in second trimester (1.63-fold) (p = 0.0001), and (3) topiramate in second trimester (1.39-fold) (p = 0.025). In 15 women on AED monotherapy, increased seizure frequency in the first, second, and all trimesters was associated with a lower RTC (p Conclusion AED clearance significantly changes by the first trimester for levetiracetam and by the second trimester for oxcarbazepine and topiramate. Lower RTC was associated with seizure worsening. Early therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment may be helpful to avoid increased seizure frequency.
Wayfinding: Navigating Archival Theory in Times of Technological Change

AbstractAre new technologies creating better frameworks for achieving “best practice”? What impact might tools like ArchivesSpace have on the future of the profession? Implementing ArchivesSpace at the Archives and Special Collections Department at the University of Minnesota brought internal practices in closer alignment with archival standards, and in doing so drastically changed the way we intellectually and physically manage our repositories. This article will explore whether or not these changes undermine traditional theoretical frameworks for archivists, or simply represent a realignment of professional principles.
Video: Frontiers of Research on Financial Institutions - Featured Panel

The current crisis has underlined the crucial importance of this area. Leading researchers in the field Maureen O'Hara, Kose John, Raghuram Rajan, and Anthony Saunders discuss how they approach research in this volatile area.
Effects of Early Altitude Exposure on the Open Abdomen After Laparotomy in Trauma.

Introduction While damage control surgery and resuscitation techniques have revolutionized the care of injured service members who sustain severe traumatic hemorrhage, the physiologic and inflammatory consequences of hemostatic resuscitation and staged abdominal surgery in the face of early aeromedical evacuation (AE) have not been investigated. We hypothesized that post-injury AE with an open abdomen would have significant physiologic and inflammatory consequences compared to AE with a closed abdomen. Materials and methods Evaluation of resuscitation and staged abdominal closure was performed using a murine model of hemorrhagic shock with laparotomy. Mice underwent controlled hemorrhage to a systolic blood pressure of 25 mmHg and received either no resuscitation, blood product resuscitation, or Hextend resuscitation to a systolic blood pressure of either 50 mmHg (partial resuscitation) or 80 mmHg (complete resuscitation). Laparotomies were either closed prior to AE (closed abdomens) or left open during AE (open abdomens) and subsequently closed. AE was simulated with a 1-hour exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at 8,000 feet altitude. Mice were euthanized at 0, 4, or 24 hours following AE. Serum was collected and analyzed for physiologic variables and inflammatory cytokine levels. Samples of lung and small intestine were collected for tissue cytokine and myeloperoxidase analysis as indicators of intestinal inflammation. Survival curves were also performed. Results Unresuscitated mice sustained an 85% mortality rate from hemorrhage and laparotomy, limiting the assessment of the effect of simulated AE in these subgroups. Overall survival was similar among all resuscitated groups regardless of the presence of hypobaric hypoxia, type of resuscitation, or abdominal closure status. Simulated AE had no observed effects on acid/base imbalance or the inflammatory response as compared to ground level controls. All mice experienced both metabolic acidosis and an acute inflammatory response after hemorrhage and injury, represented by an initial increase in serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels. Furthermore, mice with open abdomens had an elevated inflammatory response with increased levels of serum IL-10, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, intestinal IL-6, intestinal IL-10, and pulmonary myeloperoxidase. Conclusion These results demonstrate the complex interaction of AE and temporary or definitive abdominal closure after post-injury laparotomy. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that AE in those animals with open abdomens is relatively safe with no difference in mortality compared to those with closed abdomens. However, given the physiologic and inflammatory changes observed in animals with open abdomens, further evaluation is necessary prior to definitive recommendations regarding the safety or downstream effects of exposure to AE prior to definitive abdominal closure.
Sexual Harassment Attitudes Across Generation and Gender: Troubling Differences Between Male and Female Views

This paper discusses original research and data from 4,598 survey participants who offered theirattitudes towards the duty of employers to proactively eliminate sexual harassment, and their feelings towards the creation of a Sexual Harassment Officer, a new position in the work environment. The findings indicate strong support for both among both males and females, and across age categories. A trend was also found for females to favor both propositions more favorably than males did, with younger females tending to show more support than older females. Additionally, data has shown to exist that between 7.8% and 14.8% of the males (depending upon their age) did not indicate they felt employers had a duty to take proactive steps to eliminate Sexual Harassment.
Redesign of a Copper Storage Protein into an Artificial Hydrogenase.

We report the construction of an artificial hydrogenase (ArH) by reengineering a Cu storage protein (Csp1) into a Ni-binding protein (NBP) employing rational metalloprotein design. The hypothesis d...
Social Networks and Health: New Developments in Diffusion, Online and Offline

The relationship between social networks and health encompasses everything from the flow of pathogens and information to the diffusion of beliefs and behaviors. This review addresses the vast and m...
First-principles thermal compatibility between Ru-based Re-substitute alloys and Ir coatings

Abstract We perform first-principles calculations to assess the thermal compatibility between Ru-based base alloys and Ir coatings. We use special quasirandom structures for atomistic modeling of disordered Ru 7 X , Ru 6 XX ′ , and Ru 3 X alloys, where X , X ′ ∈ Mo , Ta , W , and the quasiharmonic approximation to obtain thermal expansion coefficients up to 2400 K. Most of the proposed Ru-based alloys show better thermal compatibility with Ir than Re. A four-dimensional thermal expansion model of the Ru–Mo–Ta–W quaternary system is presented.
The Law of the United States-Mexico Border: A Casebook

This casebook is the first to focus on the interaction of the U.S. legal system with Mexican law in the border region. The work presents American court decisions supplemented with the author’s commentary and study questions. As the U.S.-Mexico border has generated a wide array of controversies, the casebook covers boundary questions, border detentions, immigrants’ rights, family law, real estate transactions, finance and trade, torts, crimes, environmental law, and Mexican law within the United States. It will teach students in law, public policy, and undergraduate courses about the power and limitations of law in resolving border-related disputes.
Gentamicin Alone Is Inadequate to Eradicate Neisseria Gonorrhoeae From the Pharynx.

Background Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines recommend 240 mg gentamicin plus 2 g azithromycin for the treatment of gonorrhea in cephalosporin-allergic patients. The efficacy of gentamicin alone in the treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea is uncertain. Methods Between September 2018 and March 2019, we enrolled men who have sex with men with nucleic acid amplification test-diagnosed pharyngeal gonorrhea in a single-arm, unblinded clinical trial. Men received a single 360-mg intramuscular dose of gentamicin and underwent test of cure by culture 4-7 days later. The study measured creatinine at enrollment and test of cure, serum gentamicin concentration postdose to establish peak concentration (Cmax), and standard antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by agar dilution. The trial was designed to establish a point estimate for gentamicin's efficacy for pharyngeal gonorrhea. We planned to enroll 50 evaluable participants; assuming gentamicin was 80% efficacious, the trial would establish a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 66%-90%. We planned interim analyses at n = 10 and n = 25. Results The study was stopped early due to poor efficacy. Of 13 enrolled men, 10 were evaluable, and only 2 (20% [95% CI, 2.5%-55.6%]) were cured. Efficacy was not associated with gentamicin Cmax or MIC. No participants experienced renal insufficiency. The mean creatinine percentage change was +5.2% (range, -6.7% to 21.3%). Six (46%) participants experienced headache, all deemed unrelated to treatment. Conclusions Gentamicin alone failed to eradicate Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the pharynx. Clinicians should use caution when treating gonorrhea with the CDC's current alternative regimen (gentamicin 240 mg plus azithromycin 2 g) given increases in azithromycin resistance and gentamicin's poor efficacy at the pharynx. Clinical trials registration NCT03632109.
Incidence of Tetanus and Diphtheria in Relation to Adult Vaccination Schedules

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) does not recommend routine adult booster vaccination for tetanus and diphtheria after completion of the childhood vaccination series. However, many countries continue to implement adult booster vaccinations, leading to the question of whether this is necessary to reduce the incidence of these 2 rare diseases. Methods We conducted an observational cohort study based on WHO case reports from 2001 through 2016. We compared the incidence of tetanus and diphtheria in 31 North American and European countries that either do or do not recommend adult booster vaccination. Results Countries that vaccinate adults every 5-20 years (group 1) were compared with countries that do not routinely vaccinate adults for tetanus or diphtheria (group 2). Comparison of group 1 vs group 2 revealed no significant decline in tetanus incidence rates among countries that vaccinate adults (P = .52; risk ratio [RR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], .36 to 1.70). The risk of contracting diphtheria was increased among countries that vaccinate adults due to inclusion of Latvia, a country that had poor vaccination coverage (P Conclusions Review of >11 billion person-years of incidence data revealed no benefit associated with performing adult booster vaccinations against tetanus or diphtheria. Similar to other vaccines, this analysis supports the WHO position on adult booster vaccination and, if approved by governing health authorities, this may allow more countries to focus healthcare resources on vulnerable and undervaccinated populations.
Kinome Profiling of NF1-Related MPNSTs in Response to Kinase Inhibition and Doxorubicin Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)-related Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) are highly resistant sarcomas that account for significant mortality. The mechanisms of therapy resistance are not well-understood in MPNSTs, particularly with respect to kinase inhibition strategies. In this study, we aimed to quantify the impact of both the genomic context and targeted therapy on MPNST resistance using reverse phase phosphoproteome array (RPPA) analysis. We treated tumorgrafts from three genetically engineered mouse models using MET (capmatinib) and MEK (trametinib) inhibitors and doxorubicin, and assessed phosphosignaling at 4 h, 2 days, and 21 days. Baseline kinase signaling in our mouse models recapitulated an MET-addicted state (NF1-MET), P53 mutation (NF1-P53), and HGF overexpression (NF1). Following perturbation with the drug, we observed broad and redundant kinome adaptations that extended well beyond canonical RAS/ERK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. MET and MEK inhibition were both associated with an initial inflammatory response mediated by kinases in the JAK/STAT pathway and NFkB. Growth signaling predominated at the 2-day and 21-day time points as a result of broad RTK and intracellular kinase activation. Interestingly, AXL and NFkB were strongly activated at the 2-day and 21-day time points, and tightly correlated, regardless of the treatment type or genomic context. The degree of kinome adaptation observed in innately resistant tumors was significantly less than the surviving fractions of responsive tumors that exhibited a latency period before reinitiating growth. Lastly, doxorubicin resistance was associated with kinome adaptations that strongly favored growth and survival signaling. These observations confirm that MPNSTs are capable of profound signaling plasticity in the face of kinase inhibition or DNA damaging agent administration. It is possible that by targeting AXL or NFkB, therapy resistance can be mitigated.
Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 activity reduces dendritic spines in dorsal hippocampus

The hippocampus has a well-known role in mediating learning and memory, and its function can be directly regulated by both stress and glucocorticoid receptor activation. Hippocampal contributions to learning are thought to be dependent on changes in the plasticity of synapses within specific subregions, and these functional changes are accompanied by morphological changes in the number and shape of dendritic spines, the physical correlates of these glutamatergic synapses. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) regulates dendritic spine morphology in the prefrontal cortex, and modulation of SGK1 expression in mouse hippocampus regulates learning. However, the role of SGK1 in dendritic spine morphology within the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus are unknown. Thus, herpes simplex viral vectors expressing GFP and various SGK1 constructs, including wild type SGK1, a catalytically inactive version of SGK1 (K127Q), and a phospho-defective version of SGK1 (S78A), were infused into the hippocampus of adult mice and confocal fluorescent microscopy was used to visualize dendritic spines. We show that increasing expression of SGK1 in the dentate gyrus increased the total number of spines, driven primarily by an increase in mushroom spines, while decreasing SGK1 activity (K127Q) in the CA1 region increased the total number of dendritic spines, driven by a significant increase in mushroom and stubby spines. The differential effects of SGK1 in these regions may be mediated by the interactions of SGK1 with multiple pathways required for spine formation and stability. As the formation of mature synapses is a crucial component of learning and memory, this indicates that SGK1 is a potential target in the pathway underlying stress-associated changes in cognition and memory.
Effects of a food hub initiative in a disadvantaged community: A quasi-experimental evaluation

Abstract A quasi-experiment evaluated a food hub's (FH) impact in a low-income/low-access (food desert) setting on fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, diet quality, kilocalories, perceived food environment, BMI, and farmers' market shopping versus a matched community (n = 265 FH, n = 262 Comparison). Comparison shoppers had better baseline perceptions of their food environment, but FH shoppers improved significantly more than Comparison shoppers. Comparison shoppers significantly increased F&V intake versus FH shoppers. Effects were not significant for other diet outcomes, BMI, or farmers' market shopping. Factors besides spacial access to healthy food need consideration to address dietary intake and obesity in disadvantaged communities.
A multidisciplinary telemedicine model for management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in obstetrical patients.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has increased the demand for inpatient healthcare resources; however, approximately 80% of patients with COVID-19 have a mild clinical presentation and can be managed at home. Objective This study aimed to describe the feasibility and clinical and process outcomes associated with a multidisciplinary telemedicine surveillance model to triage and manage obstetrical patients with known exposures and symptoms of COVID-19. Study Design We implemented a multidisciplinary telemedicine surveillance model with obstetrical physicians and nurses to standardize ambulatory care for obstetrical patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 based on the symptoms or exposures at an urban academic tertiary care center with multiple hospital-affiliated and community-based practices. All pregnant or postpartum patients with COVID-19 symptoms, exposures, or hospitalization were eligible for inclusion in the program. Patients were assessed by means of regular nursing phone calls and were managed according to illness severity. Patient characteristics and clinical and process outcomes were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Results A total of 135 patients were enrolled in the multidisciplinary telemedicine model from March 17 to April 19, 2020, of whom 130 were pregnant and 5 were recently postpartum. In this study, 116 of 135 patients (86%) were managed solely in the outpatient setting and did not require an in-person evaluation; 9 patients were ultimately admitted after ambulatory or urgent evaluations, and 10 patients were observed after hospital discharge. Although only 50% of the patients were tested secondary to limitations in ambulatory testing, 1 in 3 of those patients received positive results for SARS-CoV-2 (N=22, 16% of entire cohort). Patients were enrolled in the telemedicine model for a median of 7 days (interquartile range, 4–8) and averaged 1 phone call daily, resulting in 891 nursing calls and 20 physician calls over 1 month. Conclusion A multidisciplinary telemedicine surveillance model for outpatient management of obstetrical patients with COVID-19 symptoms and exposures is feasible and resulted in rates of ambulatory management similar to those seen in nonpregnant patients. A centralized model for telemedicine surveillance of obstetrical patients with COVID-19 symptoms may preserve inpatient resources and prevent avoidable staff and patient exposures, particularly in centers with multiple ambulatory practice settings.
Prospects for high frequency, megawatt gyrotrons

An overview of recent experimental and theoretical progess at MIT on the development of high frequency (>100 GHz) gyrotrons will be given. A parametric analysis has been completed that indicates that cw gyrotrons operating at these frequencies are capable of powers in excess of 1 MW with high efficiency. The design parameters of 1 and 10 MW, 120 GHz monotrons will be reviewed. A 1 MW, 120–140 GHz pulsed gyrotron is presently being constructed at MIT and should be operational by early 1986.
Computed tomography in two recumbencies aides in the identification of pulmonary bullae in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Spontaneous pneumothorax presents a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in veterinary medicine, specifically with regard to accurate identification of bullous lesions. Positioning of dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax during CT has not previously been evaluated. This retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study was performed to evaluate the sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and interobserver variability for detection of pulmonary bullae with dogs positioned in multiple recumbencies. Dogs underwent CT in sternal and dorsal recumbency followed by thoracic exploration via median sternotomy. Three American College of Veterinary Radiology-certified veterinary radiologists blinded to surgical findings reviewed dorsal and sternal images simultaneously. Severity of pneumothorax, degree of atelectasis, lesion location and size, and view in which lesions were most confidently identified were compared to surgical and histologic findings. Sensitivities and PPVs for bulla detection ranged from 57.7% to 69.2% and 62.1% to 78.9%, respectively. For two of the 3 radiologists, the location of bullae in the thorax was significantly associated with the recumbency in which the lesion was best identified. Degree of atelectasis was found to be associated with the ability to identify lesions (P ≤ .02). The interobserver variability for identification was good (κ = 0.670). The sensitivity of CT when performed in both sternal and dorsal recumbency is similar to that previously reported. Because the distribution of bullae is unknown prior to advanced imaging and bulla location affects which recumbency is most useful for identification, acquisition of CT images in both sternal and dorsal recumbency may improve detection of bullous lesions and aid surgical planning.
Mechanisms linking teenage mothers’ educational attainment with self-reported health at age 50

Early childbearing is associated with adverse health and well-being throughout the life course for women in the United States. As education continues to be a modifiable social determinant of health after a young woman gives birth, the association of increased educational attainment with long-term health for women who begin childbearing as teenagers is worthy of investigation. Data are from 301 mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 who gave birth prior to age 19. We estimated path models to assess women’s incomes, partner characteristics, and health behaviors at age 40 as mediators of the relationship between their educational attainment and self-rated general health at age 50. After accounting for observed background factors that select women into early childbearing and lower educational attainment, higher levels of education (high school diploma and GED attainment vs. no degree) were indirectly associated with higher self-rated health at age 50 via higher participant income at age 40. As education is a social determinant of health that is amenable to intervention after a teen gives birth, our results are supportive of higher educational attainment as a potential pathway to improving long-term health outcomes of women who begin childbearing early.
Sex differences in stress-induced sleep deficits

Sleep disruptions are hallmarks in the pathophysiology of several stress-related disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), both known to dispro...
Human Placental Trophoblasts Are Resistant to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in a 3D-Culture Model of the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the etiological agent of Chagas Disease (CD), is transmitted to humans by infected kissing bugs, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and from mother-to-child. Congenital transmission is now considered an important route of CD spread in non-endemic countries where no routine testing of pregnant women for the disease is implemented. The main cellular mechanisms that lead to fetal infection by T. cruzi, despite the presence of a placental barrier, remain unclear. Mother-to-child transmission most likely occurs when bloodstream trypomastigotes reach the placental intervillous space and interact with the large cellular surface provided by the syncytioptrophoblasts. These highly specialized cells not only function as a physical obstacle between mother and fetus, but also modulate immune responses against pathogen infections. To overcome the limitations associated with the use of human fetal tissues, we employed a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model to recreate the human placenta environment. In this system, the trophoblast-derived JEG-3 cell line is co-cultured with human brain microvascular endothelial cells attached to microcarrier beads in a rotating bioreactor. Here, we report that 3D culture of JEG-3/HBMEC spheroids promote JEG-3 cells differentiation revealed by the formation of syncytia and production of β human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen (hPL). Under these growth conditions, we demonstrate that 3D-grown JEG-3 cells have reduced susceptibility to T. cruzi infection compared to JEG-3 cells grown in conventional tissue culture flasks. We also show that 3D-cultured JEG-3 cells release paracrine factors in the supernatant that prevent T. cruzi infection of non-trophoblastic cell lines. Our in vitro model of T. cruzi vertical transmission may help better understand the molecular processes by which parasites bypass the human placental barrier and could be exploited to evaluate therapeutics to reduce congenital CD.
Advocates Make a Difference in Duration of Homelessness and Quality of Life.

Social support is known to protect against homelessness and improve the wellbeing of people experiencing homelessness, but the role of professional versus informal advocates has not been studied in...
Noninvasive acoustic measurements in high explosives using neural networks

Acoustic measurements serve as a noninvasive means of measuring the temperature or mechanical state of high explosive material without disturbing the material. These measurements work by measuring the time-of-flight of an acoustic burst generated by a transmitter on one side of the material and measured by multiple receivers distributed around the material. In many applications, it is a straightforward process to identify the acoustic burst arrival and use that information to derive information about the material state. For HE materials in metallic containers, however, this process is complicated by interference between the bulk waves propagating through the HE material and guided waves propagating around the circumference of the container walls. We demonstrate the use of neural networks to overcome this limitation. In addition to measurements in HE materials, the neural network technique can provide a means of performing acoustic evaluation in a wide range of materials and in conditions with multi-path acoustic propagation and interference. As a result, the work provides a technique to interpret complex acoustic data and extract useful information about the material state.
Airway obstruction in children with complex conotruncal cardiac anomalies

The incidence of airway obstruction in patients with complex CHD other than vascular rings and absent pulmonary valve syndrome is unknown. We reviewed pre-operative CT and clinical data of children with conotruncal abnormalities to assess for airway obstruction. Airway obstruction was common (41% of patients), often moderate to severe, of diverse aetiology, and most commonly associated with a right aortic arch. Patients with airway obstruction showed a trend towards a higher mortality rate. Patients with complex conotruncal abnormalities should be assessed for airway obstruction as it may help predict the need for additional interventions and assist with prognostication.
An Optical Mode Shape-Based Damage Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks

One of the most widely used methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) is vibration-based, in which changes of the dynamics of a structure are collected and associated to damages. While the change of the natural frequencies may be influenced by many different factors, mode shapes provide a more informative feature set in identifying damages. However, most of the sensing hardware, such as accelerometers, and even some of the noncontact techniques, such as laser Doppler vibrometer, are only able to take measurements from specific locations, leading to a limited spatial resolution of deformation field. The use of camera-based sensing allows the extraction of information at much denser locations on a structure. Among the current techniques for motion sensing, phase-based motion estimation (PME) and phase-based motion magnification (PMM) aim to extract and amplify subtle motions, allowing the extraction of full-field mode shapes with an enhanced visibility. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to metamodel the amplified mode shapes extracted from both undamaged baseline and damaged conditions. A lab-scale testbed is employed to provide data to validate the damage identification approach via the CNN algorithm under different operational conditions.
Ultraviolet polarized light pollution and evolutionary traps for aquatic insects

When animals are misguided by evolved behavioural cues to preferentially make mistakes, they are caught in an evolutionary trap. Aquatic insects rely heavily on polarized light cues to locate bodies of water necessary for oviposition and mating. However, where artificial objects (e.g. asphalt, buildings) are at least as effective at polarizing light as natural water bodies, aquatic insects may instead prefer to oviposit on those surfaces where there eggs fail to hatch. These objects are known to create evolutionary traps by polarizing light in the visible range (390–700 nm), yet their potential for creating evolutionary traps via the reflection of ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (
Adversarial Gaussian Process Regression in Sensor Networks

Cyber‐physical systems are fundamental to operations of many safety critical systems, from power plants to autonomous cars. Such systems feature a control loop that maps sensor measurements to control decisions. In many applications, these decisions involve maintaining system state features, such as temperature and pressure, in a safe range, with anomaly detection employed to ensure that anomalous or malicious sensor measurements do not subvert system operation. Although anomaly detection has been studied in the literature, many existing approaches focus on the cases with passive adversaries. Our first contribution is a novel stealthy attack on systems featuring Gaussian Process regression (GPR) for anomaly detection—a popular choice for this task. Next, we pose the problem of robust GPR for anomaly detection as a Stackelberg game and present a novel algorithmic approach for solving it. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates both the vulnerability of baseline systems to attack, as well as the increased robustness offered by our approach.
Uptake and inhibition kinetics of nitrogen in Microcystis aeruginosa: Results from cultures and field assemblages collected in the San Francisco Bay Delta, CA

Abstract The nitrogen (N) uptake kinetic parameters for Microcystis field assemblages collected from the San Francisco Bay Delta (Delta) in 2012 and non-toxic and toxic laboratory culture strains of M. aeruginosa were assessed. The 15 N tracer technique was used to investigate uptake of ammonium (NH 4 + ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), urea and glutamic acid over short-term incubations (0.5–1 h), and to study inhibition of NO 3 − , NH 4 + and urea uptake by NH 4 + , NO 3 − and NH 4 + , respectively. This study demonstrates that Delta Microcystis can utilize different forms of inorganic and organic N, with the greatest capacity for NH 4 + uptake and the least for glutamic acid uptake, although N uptake did not always follow the classic Michaelis–Menten hyperbolic relationship at substrate concentrations up to 67 μmol N L −1 . Current ambient N concentrations in the Delta may be at sub-saturating levels for N uptake, indicating that if N loading (especially NH 4 + ) were to increase, Delta Microcystis assemblages have the potential for increased N uptake rates. Delta Microcystis had the highest specific affinity, α , for NH 4 + and the lowest for NO 3 − . In culture, N uptake by non-toxic and toxic M. aeruginosa strains was much higher than from the field, but followed similar N utilization trends to those in the field. Neither strain showed severe inhibition of NO 3 − uptake by NH 4 + or inhibition of NH 4 + uptake on NO 3 − , but both strains showed some inhibition of urea uptake by NH 4 + .
Pore structure of hydrated calcium silicates: I. Influence of calcium chloride on the pore structure of hydrated tricalcium silicate

Abstract Wide pore and micropore analyses have been performed on tri-calcium silicate hydrated from 6 to 672 hours with and without calcium chloride as admixture. Samples were prepared by using a water to solid ratio of 0.33 on a weight basis. Two per cent of calcium chloride was added to some of the samples. Samples were hydrated at 25°C. Results obtained by water vapor and nitrogen adsorption were compared. It was found that changes in calcium silicate hydrate, due to hydration in the presence of calcium chloride, influence mainly the adsorption of nitrogen. In chloride-containing 28-day samples, nitrogen can penetrate 22% of the surface available to water vapor; in chloride-free samples, the surface available to nitrogen is only 5.5% of the water vapor surface.
Royalle Candida (1950

Candida Royalle became the most influential pioneering filmmaker in the creation of explicit, erotic films for women, by women, and from a woman's perspective. As the groundbreaking visionary of this new genre, she singlehandedly created and successfully brought to market over 18 such films, now on DVD. These individual films for erotic entertainment are now regarded as the original standard of porn for women, with a signatory style known for high production values and a focus on sensuality over graphic sex. She also authored a how-to book for women's sexual empowerment and increased comfort with their sexuality. Keywords: Annie Sprinkle; erotica; female porn directors; Nina Hartley; SEMs
Composite shielding: modeling and verification

Models of composites are explained and finite element applications shown. Closed form subroutines are justified in the light of complex permittivity and permeability measurement verification. Shielding effectiveness is derived on the basis of these complex parameters and the proposed appropriate model for the composite materials. >