cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Interpolation Network for Clustering of Physiologic Time Series.

Background: During the early stages of hospital admission, clinicians must use limited information to make diagnostic and treatment decisions as patient acuity evolves. However, it is common that the time series vital sign information from patients to be both sparse and irregularly collected, which poses a significant challenge for machine / deep learning techniques to analyze and facilitate the clinicians to improve the human health outcome. To deal with this problem, We propose a novel deep interpolation network to extract latent representations from sparse and irregularly sampled time-series vital signs measured within six hours of hospital admission. Methods: We created a single-center longitudinal dataset of electronic health record data for all (n=75,762) adult patient admissions to a tertiary care center lasting six hours or longer, using 55% of the dataset for training, 23% for validation, and 22% for testing. All raw time series within six hours of hospital admission were extracted for six vital signs (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, blood oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate). A deep interpolation network is proposed to learn from such irregular and sparse multivariate time series data to extract the fixed low-dimensional latent patterns. We use k-means clustering algorithm to clusters the patient admissions resulting into 7 clusters. Findings: Training, validation, and testing cohorts had similar age (55-57 years), sex (55% female), and admission vital signs. Seven distinct clusters were identified. M Interpretation: In a heterogeneous cohort of hospitalized patients, a deep interpolation network extracted representations from vital sign data measured within six hours of hospital admission. This approach may have important implications for clinical decision-support under time constraints and uncertainty.
Protecting the Innocent with a Premium for Child Safety Regulations

Federal agencies regulate many products and activities that impact the safety of children. When conducting an economic analysis of a proposed rule, agencies should put a premium on saving the lives of children when analyzing the costs and benefits of regulation. This Article uses original evidence from the infant car seat market to determine that a child-specific benefit measure should be one and a half to two times that of an adult.
DRUG THERAPY AND DRUG INTERACTIONS

SUMMARY Elders represent a growing population in the health-care system and can present with multiple chronic diseases that are managed with drug therapy. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon should be aware of the uniqueness of the geriatric patient and recognize the importance of individualizing drug therapy to each patient. In this article we have discussed age-associated alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In addition, the practitioner should be familiar with the medications commonly prescribed to elderly patients, thereby being able to prevent drug- related complications. This knowledge includes being familiar with potential drugdrug interactions that can compromise geriatric drug therapy and increase adverse drug effects. When prescribing medications, the oral surgeon should recognize the precautions for drug use in the geriatric patient and consider lower doses or, at times, alternative therapy. When dosing geriatric patients, the adage, “start low and go slow” is a simple, albeit prudent, way of preventing potential problems in geriatric drug therapy.
An Overview of Larch/C++: Behavioral Specifications for C++ Modules

An overview of the behavioral interface specification language Larch/C++ is presented. The features of Larch/C++ used to specify the behavior of C++ functions and classes, including subclasses, are described, with examples. Comparisons are made with other object-oriented specification languages. An innovation in Larch/C++ is the use of examples in function specifications.
An insight into the functional role of thioredoxin reductase, a selenoprotein, in maintaining normal native microbiota in the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum)

Tick selenoproteins have been associated with antioxidant activity in ticks. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), also a selenoprotein, belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase family of proteins and is an important antioxidant. Molecular interactions between native microbiota and tick hosts have barely been investigated to date. In this study, we determined the functional role of TrxR in tick feeding and in maintenance of the native microbial community. TrxR transcript levels remained high and microbial load was reduced throughout tick attachment to the vertebrate host. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that depletion of TrxR activity did not interfere with tick haematophagy or phenotype but did reduce the viability of the microbiome within the tick tissues, presumably by perturbing redox homeostasis. The transcriptional activity of various antioxidant genes remained unaffected whereas the antioxidant genes Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and selenoprotein M (SelM) were significantly down-regulated in salivary glands of the ticks subjected to RNAi. The perturbed TrxR enzymatic activity in the knocked-down tick tissues negatively affected the bacterial load as well. Furthermore, we observed the altered bacterial profiles in TrxR-silenced tick tissues. Taken together, these results indicate an essential functional role for TrxR in maintaining the bacterial community associated with ticks.
Planar Wulff shape is unique equilibrium

In R 2 , for any norm, an immersed closed rectifiable curve in equilibrium for fixed area must be the Wulff shape (possibly with multiplicity).
Self-tuning database systems: a decade of progress

In this paper we discuss advances in self-tuning database systems over the past decade, based on our experience in the AutoAdmin project at Microsoft Research. This paper primarily focuses on the problem of automated physical database design. We also highlight other areas where research on self-tuning database technology has made significant progress. We conclude with our thoughts on opportunities and open issues.
Fracture size effects and polycrystalline inhomogeneity

Fracture toughness testing is prone to exhibit various size effects that have to be understood in order to properly interpret the results. It is shown that the size effect associated with polycrystalline inhomogeneity is weak. Instead polycrystalline inhomogeneity induces statistical effects controlled by a small number of grains adjacent to the crack tip.
Sexually transmissible infectious agents in sexually active and virginal asymptomatic adolescent girls.

Sixty-eight sexually active and 52 virginal adolescent girls were evaluated for six sexually transmissible infectious agents: Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. There were significant differences between sexually active and virginal girls with respect to the prevalence of isolation of U urealyticum (75% v 33%, P less than .005), M hominis (27% v 10%, P less than .05), and C trachomatis (19% v 2%, P less than .025) but not for G vaginalis (34% v 17%, P = .09). N gonorrhoeae and T vaginalis were isolated exclusively from sexually active girls, but their low prevalence (6% and 9%, respectively) made the difference statistically insignificant (P = .2 and .06, respectively). Race, current v previous sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, oral contraceptive use, and concurrent isolation of another organism did not identify those at increased risk for chlamydial isolation. Such girls were significantly more likely to have inflammatory Papanicolaou smears (36% v 10%, P less than .05) and excessive WBC in their vaginal secretions (50% v 19%, P = .05). The data support the contention that C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, and T vaginalis are organisms that are predominantly acquired via sexual routes. Significant nonsexual modes of transmission are supported by the data for the genital mycoplasmas and G vaginalis. Finally, a history of sexual activity in an adolescent female warrants specific diagnostic testing for Chlamydia.
Reconciliation of discrepancies in medication histories and admission orders of newly hospitalized patients

A 1999 Institute of Medicine report received national attention by highlighting system vulnerabilities within health care and indicating that medication errors are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. One area of concern was the increased number of errors occurring in the prescribing phase of the medication-use process due to prescribers’ lack of essential drug knowledge and patient information at the time of ordering. Pharmacists’ participation in medical rounds has demonstrated a reduction in medication errors in the ordering stage. However, at most hospitals, pharmacists are not directly involved in obtaining medication histories, despite the findings of one study showing that over 70% of drug-related problems were recognized only through a patient interview and another study reporting a 51% reduction in medication errors when pharmacists were involved in obtaining medication histories. Medication errors and patient harm can result from inaccurate or incomplete histories that are subsequently used to generate medication KRISTINE M. GLEASON, B.S.PHARM., is Research Pharmacist Coordinator; JENNIFER M. GROSZEK, R.N., B.S.N., M.J., and CAROL SULLIVAN, R.N., M.B.A., are Research Nurse Coordinators, Patient Safety Team; DENISE ROONEY, R.N., B.S.N., O.C.N., is Manager, Patient Safety Team; and CYNTHIA BARNARD, M.B.A., M.S.J.S., C.P.H.Q., is Director, Quality Strategies and Patient Safety Team, Division of Quality and Operations, Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH), Chicago, IL. GARY A. NOSKIN, M.D., is Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, and Medical Director, Healthcare Epidemiology and Quality, NMH. Address correspondence to Ms. Gleason at the Division of Quality and Operations, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60611 (kmgleaso@nmh.org). The Patient Safety Team and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis team members at Northwestern Memorial Hospital are acknowledged for their active participation and support. Karen Nordstrom, B.S.Pharm., Michael Fotis, B.S.Pharm., and Desi Kotis, Pharm.D., provided invaluable assistance and insight into this project. The dedicated clinical staff pharmacists are acknowledged for enhancing patient safety by obtaining medication and allergy histories, reconciling discrepancies in medication histories and orders, and collecting data. Supported in part by an Excellence in Academic Medicine Grant from the State of Illinois Department of Public Aid and U.S. Public Health Service grant UR8/515081. Presented at the ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting, Atlanta, GA, December 11, 2002; the 5th Annual National Patient Safety Foundation Patient Safety Congress, Washington, DC, March 12–14, 2003; and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement 15th Annual National Forum on Quality Improvement in Health Care, New Orleans, LA, December 4, 2003.
Enterprise information portal implementation: knowledge sharing efforts of a pharmaceutical company

This case study provides a detailed account of the formation of a knowledge management (KM) division within a multinational pharmaceutical company, and the subsequent undertaking of the first major KM project, which involved the implementation of a portal software technology. Specific issues discussed include rationale for replacing the existing intranet with portal technology, selection of the portal, justification for this selection, challenges in organizing and linking documents, as well as the social and behavioral factors influencing the implementation. A number of dilemmas and tradeoffs are presented with respect to each of the issues.
Placing the 2012–2015 California‐Nevada drought into a paleoclimatic context: Insights from Walker Lake, California‐Nevada, USA

Assessing regional hydrologic responses to past climate changes can offer a guide for how water resources might respond to ongoing and future climate change. Here we employed a coupled water balance and lake evaporation model to examine Walker Lake behaviors during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), a time of documented hydroclimatic extremes. Together, a 14C-based shoreline elevation chronology, submerged subfossil tree stumps in the West Walker River, and regional paleoproxy evidence indicate a ~50 year pluvial episode that bridged two 140+ year droughts. We developed estimates of MCA climates to examine the transient lake behavior and evaluate watershed responses to climate change. Our findings suggest the importance of decadal climate persistence to elicit large lake-level fluctuations. We also simulated the current 2012–2015 California-Nevada drought and found that the current drought exceeds MCA droughts in mean severity but not duration.
The crystal structure and twinning behavior of ferric molybdate, Fe2(MoO4)3

Abstract Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 is monoclinic, space group P 2 1 a with a = 15.707, b = 9.231, c = 18.204 A and β = 125.25°. The structure was solved by the direct method and Fourier technique, and refined by least squares to an R = 0.028. The structure contains isolated MoO 4 tetrahedra and FeO 6 octahedra, which share corners. The rather open structure shows apparent flexibility and an ease to twinning. The twinning behavior is related to the pseudosymmetry and the ferroelastic transition.
Zidovudine plus sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim adversely affects B lymphocyte maturation in bone marrow of normal mice

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and zidovudine (AZT), drugs used often in combination in patients infected with HIV, were investigated for their effects on B cell development in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were randomized to receive oral doses of AZT, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, or the combination via oral gavage for up to 28 days. Immune cell populations in the spleen, lung, and peripheral blood were examined, and toxicity to B lineage subtypes in the bone marrow was investigated by phenotypic analysis via flow cytometry. Pre-pro-B, pro-B, early pre-B, and late pre-B cells were assayed for apoptosis and analyzed for cell cycle profile. Total as well as B cell splenic and bone marrow cellularities were significantly decreased by using the drugs concomitantly, while B cell populations in the lungs and percentage in the peripheral blood were not affected. Combination therapy caused significant increases in apoptosis in B cells and granulocytes in the bone marrow, with the late pre-B cell population being the most depleted. The proliferative expansion and differentiation of early pre-B cells (B220+/CD43+/BP-1+/HSA+) to the late pre-B cell (B220+/CD43-/IgM-) stage was blocked, with early pre-B cells accumulating in the proliferative phases of the cell cycle. This apoptosis increase is likely due to elevated blood sulfamethoxazole concentrations that were observed in mice also receiving AZT. Concurrent sub-chronic administration of AZT and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim adversely affected B lymphocyte development in mouse bone marrow.
A Model and a Method for Uncovering the Nomothetic from the Idiographic: An Alternative to the Five-Factor Model?

Abstract The dominant approach in contemporary personality psychology is the Five-Factor Model (FFM). This model, however, suffers from several limitations, including the assumption that lay observation should underlie expert models of personality, confusion about whether the FFM is a model of personality or a model of lay beliefs about personality, confusion of the conscious self-concept with personality (of which the conscious self-concept is only a small subset), and an inattention to personality processes. The article contrasts the FFM with an alternative model of personality derived in part from clinical observation and interpretation of narratives, which can be quantified using Q-sort methodology. A quantitative case analysis of a patient with a personality disorder allows a comparison of the relative merits of this alternative model and method with the FFM.
Applications of the Dual-Parton Model to High-Energy Multiparticle Processes

The dual-parton model of Kraemmer, Nielsen, and Susskind is reviewed and applied to high-energy production processes. Most, but not all, of the predictions are not new and have been given by many practitioners of the multiperipheral and parton models. What is new is a unified presentation of these predictions in terms of the fragmentation of the hadronic string into segments, each retaining the properties it had before collision. The method is applied to transverse-momentum distributions and correlations and to charge distributions of secondary hadrons.
Psychological Assessment of English Language Learners and/or Bilingual Students: An Investigation of School Psychologists' Current Practices

This study examined critical components of the assessment procedures school psychologists use when conducting evaluations for emotional disturbance with students who are English language learners (...
Comparison of methods for measuring dormancy of potatoes

Comparisons were made of different methods of measuring length of the dormant period of Russet Burbank potato tubers as affected by time of planting and harvest. The study resulted in the following conclusions: 1) when measured from planting or tuber initiation to sprouting, the dormant period of tubers harvested on the same date was longer from an early planted crop than from a late planted crop. 2) When measured from harvest to sprouting, the dormant period was shorter for tubers from an early compared to a late planting. 3) With the same planting date and different harvest dates, when measured from planting or tuber initiation to sprouting, the dormant period was shorter for tubers from an early compared to a late harvest. 4) On the other hand, with the same planting date, when measured from time of harvest to sprouting, the dormant period was longer for tubers from an early compared to a late harvest. Planting date to sprouting was considered the best practical field measure of dormancy since it closely correlated with tuber initiation to sprouting, a method which was more accurate but difficult to determine. Both methods were much better than harvest date to sprouting which is commonly used. In addition, larger tubers from earlier planting had shorter dormancy than smaller tubers regardless of method of measurement due to a probable earlier set. From later plantings, tuber size had no relationship to length of dormancy. Moisture stress significantly reduced dormancy of Lemhi, Russet Burbank, and Nooksack but the Butte cultivar was only slightly affected.
Oral hygiene and occlusal disharmony in Mexican-American children

Ninety-five Mexican-American children ranging in age from 5 to 13 years of age and residing in Muscatine, Iowa were examined using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the Orthodontic Treatment Priority Index (TPI) to test the hypothesis that the children with the most severe handicapping malocclusions would also exhibit the poorest oral hygiene. An approximately equal number of males and females were divided according to age into three groups (5–7, 8–10 and 11–13). The TPI and OHI-S scores for each child within a group were ranked so that the Spearman rank correlation coefficient could be calculated and tested for significance using the “t” test. There was observed to be no significant correlation between oral hygiene as scored by the OHI-S. and occlusal disharmony as scored by the TPI.
Boron supplementation of peri‐menopausal women affects boron metabolism and indices associated with macromineral metabolism, hormonal status and immune function

A double-blind crossover designed experiment was conducted with 43 peri-menopausal women who were experiencing discomforts associated with menopause. They were given sodium borate capsules containing 2.5 mg of boron for 60 days followed (19 women) or preceded (24 women) by 90 days of receiving a placebo capsule containing lactose powder. Blood was collected weekly after a 12-hour overnight fast. Urine voided in 24 hours was collected three times each week. Because boron is well absorbed and excreted in the urine, urinary boron was used to estimate usual oral intake. Urinary boron excretion during the placebo period indicated that the usual boron intake of peri-menopausal women in the eastern North Dakota area of the United States ranges between 0.34 and 2.33 mg/d with a median of 1.15 mg/d. Usual plasma concentrations range between 0.020–0.067 μg/mL with a median of 0.033 μg/mL. The boron supplementation moderately increased the median plasma boron concentration to 0.052 μg/mL with a range of 0.028–0.075 μg/mL. Boron supplementation resulted in more frequent and severe hot flashes and night sweats in 21 women. However, 10 women reported a reduction in discomforts. The remaining 15 women did not respond negatively or positively to the boron supplementation. Boron supplementation significantly increased white blood cell numbers with a decreased percentage of lymphocytes and increased percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The boron supplementation also affected serum 17β-estradiol, alkaline phosphatase, and thyroxine concentrations, but the effect was influenced by the sequence in which the boron supplement and placebo were given. For example, both serum alkaline phosphatase and triiodothyronine concentrations were noticeably increased by boron supplementation when it followed the placebo period. However, the increase in serum 17β-estradiol concentration with boron supplementation was most marked when the boron was given before the placebo. The findings show that boron is homeostatically controlled and support the hypothesis that boron affects hormone processes, possibly at the cell membrane level, in humans. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 12:251–261, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Detection of heterozygous carriers of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome by electrophoresis of hair root lysates

Mosaicism has been demonstrated for the X-linked enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) in heterozygous carriers of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome by examining single hair follicles for the activity of HGPRT and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The method is useful in the detection of the carrier state and has advantages over methods previously published.
Nanofilm-coated long-period fiber grating humidity sensors for corrosion detection in structural health monitoring

Long-period gratings (LPGs) have shown their significant promising applications in sensors owing to the attractive features that they posses such as small size, immunity for electromagnetic interference, geometric versatility, multiplexing capability, and resistance to corrosive and hazardous environments. Recent researches have revealed that LPGs written on the standard optical fibers could be used as a powerful sensing platform for structural health monitoring. In this work, we inscribe LPGs into SMF-28 optical fiber by focused-beam CO 2 laser, demonstrating as a refractive index sensor for nondestructive chemical detections in the civil infrastructures. Although evanescent-field based LPG sensors have been applied in quantitatively monitoring chemical analytes including moisture, chloride, and corrosion by-product, etc., the sensitivity, selectivity, and response time as well as thermo-stability of such sensors are still the issues for some special purposes. In order to improve those characteristics of the sensors, we propose two types of nano-film to be coated in grating region by electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) deposition processing. The primary coating does not affect on LPG transmission parameters such as resonance wavelength and its intensity that can be used for sensing, but it increases the sensitivity to refractive index change of surrounding material. The secondary coating is for selectively absorption of analyte molecule of interest. Response time of the nanofilm-coated LPG sensor is dependent on the analyte absorption and de-absorption rates as well as the thicknesses of the coating materials, which is also investigated. Multi-channel sensor system is being designed to monitor different analytes simultaneously, which is continuing to further explore the monitoring of structural health conditions through in situ measurements of corrosion in the concrete structures.
Pressure build-up at the metal delivery tube orifice in ultrasonic gas atomization

The effects of geometry (diameter and tip design) and position (relative to the gas nozzles) of the metal delivery tube in an ultrasonic gas atomization (USGA) device on the pressure condition in the gas-metal interaction zone at the tube orifice have been studied. Simulation of ultrasonic gas (argon or nitrogen) atomization has been conducted, both at low (3.5 to 14 atm) and high (15 to 75 atm) atomization pressures. Low gas atomization pressures are generally used in spray deposition processes such as liquid dynamic compaction (LDC), while high pressures are used for powder production. Depending on the experimental conditions, i.e. the shape and angle of the taper at the metal delivery tube orifice or its position with respect to the nozzles' gas exit common plane, either partial vacuum (equivalent to downward aspiration of the melt) or overpressures (equivalent to back-pressurization of the melt) at the metal delivery tube was detected. Underpressure and overpressure effects were found to increase with gas atomization pressure. The maximum pressure differences measured with respect to the atomization chamber pressure were about 0.15 to 0.25 atm for the low-pressure experiments, and 0.50 to 0.60 atm for the high-pressure experiments. Underpressures or overpressures of these magnitudes have a large effect on the metal flow rate during gas atomization, either enhancing or reducing it, and thus changing significantly the gas to metal flow ratio. Because this is a crucial parameter for both the USGA and the LDC processes, the state of pressure at the delivery tube's orifice has to be monitored carefully, in order to ensure optimal processing conditions.
Transvenous pacing leads: increased risk of systemic thromboemboli in patients with intracardiac shunts

Transvenous pacing leads: increased risk of systemic thromboemboli in patients with intracardiac shunts
Engulfment Is Required for Cell Competition

Genetic mosaics that place cells in competition within tissues may model features of tissue repair and tumor development and may reveal mechanisms of growth regulation. In one example, normal cells eliminate "Minute" cells that have reduced ribosomal protein gene dose and grow at their expense, replacing the Minute cells within developing compartments. We describe genes that are required by wild-type cells to kill Minute neighbors in Drosophila. The engulfment genes draper, wasp, the phosphatidylserine receptor, mbc/dock180, and rac1 are needed in wild-type cells for the death of Minute neighbors, whose corpses are engulfed by wild-type cells. Wild-type cells can themselves be killed by cells with elevated engulfing activity. Thus engulfment genes act downstream of growth differences between cells to eliminate cells with reduced ribosomal gene dose.
Alterations of growth factor transcripts in rat lungs during development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Although pathologic and hemodynamic changes in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about the inter- and intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying such alterations. As a first step to delineating signaling mechanisms governing adverse structural alterations in the hypertensive lungs, we examined changes in the steady-state levels of mRNAs encoding several growth factors including transforming growth factors (TGF), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin (ET) as a function of time in MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. These studies demonstrated a very diverse pattern of growth factor gene expression in response to MCT administration. In general, alterations in the steady-state levels of mRNAs encoding the growth factors preceded the onset of MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension. TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3 transcripts were seen to be elevated, whereas that of TGF-α and PDGF-A remained unchanged. Transcripts for PDGF-B and ET were increased in the early stages but declined to less than controls in the latter stages of MCT-induced hypertension. In contrast, levels of VEGF mRNA decreased to less than controls as the disease progressed. Viewed collectively, the diverse pattern of expression suggests that alterations in the levels of the growth factor transcripts may have a significant role in the development of pulmonary hypertensive disease and may be relevant to the pathological and structural changes in MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Robust Fault Detection Based on Nonlinear Analytic Redundancy Techniques With Applications to Robotics

A new approach to sensor and actuator fault detection in the presence of model uncertainty and disturbances, and its application to a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) are presented in this paper. Robust fault detection is important because of the universal existence of model uncertainties and process disturbances in most systems. This paper proposes a new approach, called robust nonlinear analytic redundancy (RNLAR) technique, to sensor and actuator fault detection for input-affine nonlinear multivariable dynamic systems in the presence of model-plant-mismatch and process disturbance. The proposed RNLAR can be used to design primary residual vectors (PRV) for nonlinear systems to detect sensor fault that are completely insensitive to both the model-plant-mismatch and process disturbance. It is shown that the PRV for actuator fault cannot be made completely insensitive to these factors. In order to overcome this problem, a nonlinear PRV design method to detect actuator faults is proposed where the PRVs are highly sensitive to the actuator faults and less sensitive to model-plant-mismatch and process disturbance. The proposed robust fault detection methodology is applied to a WMR and the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Do women with PCOS have a unique predisposition to obesity

Women with PCOS are often obese and there is debate in the literature regarding whether women are obese because of their PCOS status or if those who become obese are more predisposed to PCOS. There is support for a predisposition to obesity by some data indicating impaired metabolism in PCOS women compared to weight matched controls but this data is limited. Contrary data also exist that adiposity rates do not vary between women with PCOS and those without, and that differences in obesity rates between countries are more likely due to environmental and lifestyle factors. Until further data are available, lifestyle recommendations for weight reduction in women with PCOS should be similar to those for women without PCOS.
Some Semiempirical Methods for Estimating the Entropies of Oxides, Silicates, and the Prediction of Reaction Equilibria and Yields

Several methods are reviewed for computing the entropies of crystalline inorganic oxides, silicates, and titanates. A method relating entropies with molecular weights is used for oxides. The entropies of silicates and titanates may be estimated with the sums of the entropies of oxides with which they may be considered to be formed. Calculations are suggested to obtain free energy changes for reactions in systems of ceramic materials. Free energy calculations will allow for the prediction of reaction equilibria and yields. An example is given for the reaction at 1100°C. between calcia and silica to form calcium silicate.
Optimal control of a satellite-robot system using direct collocation with non-linear programming

Abstract The non-holonomic behavior of a satellite-robot system is used to develop the system's equations of motion. The resulting non-linear differential equations are transformed into a non-linear programming problem using direct collocation. The link rates of the robot are minimized along optimal reorientations. Optimal solutions to several maneuvers are obtained and the results are interpreted to gain an understanding of the satellite-robot dynamics.
Creatine kinase isozymes in human tumors.

Abstract The creatine kinase content and isozyme distribtution in 33 human tumors carried in athymic mice has been determined. All of the tumors except two melanomas contained significant amounts of the BB isozyme, the mammalian fetal type enzyme, but very little of the MM isozyme. Many of the tumors of diverse origin contained a significant amount of the mitochondrial isozyme. Some of the serum from mice carrying these tumors showed elevated levels of either BB or mitochondrial creatine kinase, however, this does not seem to be specifically associated with any single type of tumor.
The effects of temperature and ethidium bromide on the banding of heat-denatured DNA in gradients of NaI.

Abstract The effects of temperature and ethidium bromide on the banding of heat-denatured DNA was studied during equilibrium centrifugation in density gradients of NaI. Centrifugation at 10°C prevents the partial renaturation of Escherichia coli DNA and Clostridium perfringens DNA that occurs at 20°C. A centrifugation temperature of −5°C is required to prevent renaturation of T7 phage DNA. Ethidium bromide decreases renaturation of Escherichia coli DNA during centrifugation at 20°C and causes a small shift in the buoyant density of both denatured and native DNA. Equilibrium centrifugation at lower temperatures prevents DNA renaturation and permits increased utilization of the large buoyant density difference between native and heat-denatured DNA in gradients of NaI.
Laser isotope separation in SF6

Abstract Laser induced isotope separation in SF6 and SF6 mixtures has been investigated in a collisionally dominated pressure regime. Experimental results with SF6/rare gas mixtures point out the importance of collision induced dissociation following the initial collisionless dissociation. Rotational relaxation induced by rare gases and H2 is shown to play a signficant role in the dissociation of both isotopic species. Total vibrational relaxation (V-T/R) induced by H2 as a collision partner is shown to dominate the dissociation efficiency of SF6/H2 mixtures.
The influence of submarine weathering of basalts on their partial melting during subduction

Abstract Compositional changes beyond that of simple hydration are present in most of the analyzed examples of submarine weathering of basalt. Recalculations of 278 analyses from the literature of altered basalts to simplified basalt, amphibolite and eclogite mineral assemblages result in significant increases of the quartz contents of the rock relative to fresh basalt in most examples. The increased quartz contents result in mineral assemblages that have enhanced potentials to generate andesitic partial melts from the basalt or amphibolite forms of most altered basalts and trondhjemitic partial melts from the eclogite form of most altered basalts.
Pupation site selection inDrosophila simulans

Selection for increased pupation height was carried out for 17 generations in two lines ofDrosophila simulans derived from a genetically heterogeneous base population. The realized heritability for mean pupation height in each line, calculated over the 17 generations, did not differ significantly from zero. Both selected lines tended to pupate away from the center of the culture medium to a greater extent than the control in the latter generations of the experiment but not in earlier generations. Pupation height may have been refractory to artificial selection because of an adaptation of this species to pupate on the larval food source. In a subsequent experiment, each line was tested at three larval densities in an apparatus different from the one used for selection. Each successively higher density showed a corresponding increase in pupation height. Both selected lines had higher mean pupation heights than the control line. The differences between lines became more pronounced as the larval density increased.
Does proton-antiproton annihilation at rest contain high angular momenta?

1. E v e r since the ear ly theore t ica l a rguments of D A Y , SNOW and S U C H ~ it has been considered v e r y l ikely t h a t the cap ture of nega t ive singly charged par t ic les at rest in hydrogen occurs in the S-wave s ta te (1). This has been p roved exper imen ta l ly for the cap ture of T:-, K and ~ part icles (2.4). Fo r these par t ic les there is also experimen ta l evidence t h a t the dominan t low-energy in te rac t ion occurs in the S-wave s ta te and the a rguments of DAY, SNow and SUCHER should be val id (1). The capture of a t res t an t ip ro tons is more problemat ic . Because the s t rong forces be tween protons and an t ip ro tons are no t well known at low energy i t is difficult to make reliable a tomicphysics calculat ions for this cap ture process (5). Therefore , i t was necessary to appeal to expe r imen ta l evidence concerning the cap ture process and was concluded f rom the o 0 nega t ive expe r imen ta l search for the annihi la t ion into the K~K~ s ta te t ha t the cap ture was l ikely f rom the S -wave s ta te (~.7). In this note we show tha t there is present ly no expe r imen ta l evidence t h a t the a t res t annihi la t ion is in the S-wave ini t ial s ta te and suggest on the con t r a ry t h a t the avai lable ev idence suggests t h a t h igher-angular -mom e n t u m sta tes m a y be present in the annihi la t ion at rest. We also suggest ways of def in i t ive ly answer ing this question.
Normal cutaneous wound healing: clinical correlation with cellular and molecular events.

Background. Cutaneous wound healing is a normal physiologic function, observed and described for centuries by those afflicted with wounds and by those caring for them. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in discovering the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for wound healing. Counseling patients appropriately and planning future therapeutic interventions in delayed or abnormal wound healing may be improved by a thorough understanding of the relationship between clinical, cellular, and subcellular events occurring during the normal healing process. materials and methods. A review of the wound healing literature from the past several decades, with a focus on the past 5 to 10 years in particular, along with illustrative case examples from our clinical practice over the past decade. Results. Traditional clinical stages of wounding healing are still relevant, but more overlap between stages is likely a more accurate depiction of events. The role of cells such as platelets, macrophages, leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes is much better known, particularly during the inflammatory and proliferation stages of healing. Molecules such as interferon, integrins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, matrix metalloproteinases, and other regulatory cytokines play a critical role in the regulation of healing mechanisms. Conclusion. Cutaneous wound healing in normal hosts follows an orderly clinical process. The scientific underpinnings for healing are better understood than ever, although much remains to be discovered. Eventually, such improved understanding of cellular and subcellular physiology may lead to new or better forms of therapy for patients with acute, chronic, and surgical skin wounds.
MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF BANK CHARGE ACCOUNT PLANS

s of Doctoral Dissertations 71 chants have had the specific desire of offering the bank's extended payment account to their customers. Most member stores have not promoted the plan, either because they dislike bank "interference" in the customer-merchant relation, because the plan has not brought them a substantial increase in sales, or because of the 5-6 per cent discount rate. Larger department stores do not appear to be promising candidates for membership; the 5 per cent discount is substantially in excess of their escapable costs for rendering this service. Additionally, with charge sales amounting to a large proportion of total sales, they fear possible loss of customer good will by "impersonal" procedures of the bank. On balance, the plan appears to have possibilities of general acceptance only in areas where store credit facilities are not well developed. Bank charge plans should concentrate on ninety-day or revolving-budget types of account because stores have a greater problem of financing and servicing these accounts. A charge account department of a bank must work closely with those member merchants who promote the plan. Few stores should be admitted to membership initially so that the department can develop efficient operating and sound promotional procedures. Merchant membership should be restricted to make membership a competitive advantage for better merchants and to make the charge card more valuable to shoppers. Controlled merchant membership also facilitates effective promotion of the plan to shoppers. Managers of charge account plans need selling or retail credit experience in order to handle customer relations properly and to promote merchant use of charge accounts. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.148 on Sun, 11 Sep 2016 04:33:03 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
PROLONGED ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ATTENUATES CHRONIC INTRAUTERINE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION • 1994

PROLONGED ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ATTENUATES CHRONIC INTRAUTERINE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION • 1994
Controllability and human stress: Method, evidence and theory

Abstract Concepts are defined and evidence reviewed on whether control reduces stress in man. Individuals seem to prefer instrumental control over an aversive event, seem to prefer to administer it to themselves, and are less aroused when waiting for a controllable event. When groups without control have equal predictability, having control is still less arousing; as potential (but unexercised) control seems to be. The evidence also suggests that controllable events may hurt less. Methodological weaknesses and empirical gaps in these data are pointed out. These data are grossly inconsistent with Relevant Feedback theory and rather inconsistent with Information-seeking theory and Safety Signal theory. A Minimax hypothesis is proposed: When individuals control aversive events, they believe relief to be caused by a stable source—their own response. This belief entails that maximum future danger will be minimized. When they have no control, they believe relief to be less stable, which entails no guarantee that maximum future danger will be minimized. The data are largely consistent with the Minimax hypothesis and wholly consistent when Minimax is supplemented by the premise that aversive events hurt less when encountered against a background of relaxation.
Printable and Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonant systems for wireless powering

In this paper, a printable compact Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (CSCMR) method for wireless powering is proposed. This new wireless power transfer method uses printed planar transmitter and receiver configurations on substrates to shrink the volume down to λ 0 /66. Also, self-resonant spirals, which do not need lumped capacitors to achieve resonance, are designed for our novel CSCMR systems. This simplifies the fabrication process of SCMR systems and repeatable designs can be easily achieved. The efficiency of our proposed methods is validated using measurements and simulations. Our proposed designs can be incorporated easily on PCBs and added onto modern handheld devices.
Defective CFTR apical endocytosis and enterocyte brush border in myosin VI-deficient mice.

In polarized epithelial cells such as those that line the inner ear, kidney and gut, myosin VI has been localized to the intermicrovillar domains where it is proposed to regulate clathrin-dependent endocytosis; however, a direct role for myosin VI in apical endocytosis has not been shown. We examined the apical membrane distribution and endocytosis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in myosin VI-deficient Snell's Waltzer Myo6(sv/sv) mice. Confocal microscopy and cell-surface biotinylation confirmed that surface levels of CFTR in the intestine of Myo6(sv/sv) mice were markedly higher, and CFTR internalization from the apical plasma membrane was reduced compared with heterozygous controls. Consistent with a defect in CFTR endocytosis and accumulation at the cell surface, exaggerated CFTR-mediated fluid secretion was observed in Myo6(sv/sv) mice following treatment of isolated jejunum with the cyclic GMP-activated heat stable enterotoxin. These data establish that myosin VI modulates apical endocytosis and may be an important physiological modulator of CFTR function and CFTR-associated secretory diarrhea in the gut.
Use of the 'BEARS' sleep screening tool in a pediatric residents' continuity clinic: a pilot study.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a simple, 5‐item pediatric sleep screening instrument, the BEARS (B=Bedtime Issues, E=Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, A=Night Awakenings, R=Regularity and Duration of Sleep, S=Snoring) in obtaining sleep-related information and identifying sleep problems in the primary care setting. Setting: Pediatric residents' continuity clinic in a tertiary care children's hospital. Methods: BEARS forms were placed in the medical records of a convenience sample of 2 to 12 year old children presenting for well child visits over the 5 month study period. Sleep-related information recorded in the BEARS visit and in the pre-BEARS visit, which was the subject's most recent previous well child check (WCC), was coded with respect to whether or not a sleep problem was indicated, and whether sleep issues were addressed. Results: A total of 195 children had both a documented pre-BEARS and BEARS WCC visit. BEARS visits were significantly more likely than the pre-BEARS visits to have any sleep information recorded (98.5% vs. 87.7%, p<0.001), and to have information recorded about bedtime issues (93.3% vs. 7.7%, p<0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (93.9% vs. 5.6%, p<0.001), snoring (92.8% vs. 7.2%, p<0.001), nighttime awakenings (91.3% vs. 29.2%, p<0.001), and regularity and duration of sleep (65.3% vs. 31.5%, p<0.001). Significantly more sleep problems were identified during the BEARS visits in the domains of bedtime issues (16.3% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001), nighttime awakenings (18.4% vs. 6.8%, p<0.001) and snoring (10.7% vs. 4.6%, p=0.012). Finally, almost twice as many BEARS charts had sleep mentioned in the Impression and Plan (13.1% vs. 7.3%), which approached significance (p=0.07). Conclusions: The BEARS appears to be a user-friendly pediatric sleep screening tool which significantly increases the amount of sleep information recorded as well as the likelihood of identifying sleep problems in the primary care setting.