cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The study of the high temperature superconductor YBaCuO by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

Abstract Positron lifetime spectroscopy of YBaCu0 ceramics has been performed over the temperature range from 300 to 25 K. Two sets of samples, YBa 2 Cu 3 O x , x =6.91 and x =6.75 respectively, were studied. The YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.91 samples yielded spectra which could be modeled by three decaying exponentials while the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.75 samples of lower oxygen content yielded spectra which could be modeled by two decaying exponentials. The two positron lifetimes detected in both sets of samples are a short-lived component (180-120 ps) due to positrons in the bulk, and a component (350–550) ps) due to trapped positrons. A long-lived component (1.5 – 3.0 ns) due to oPs pickoff is observed in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.91 samples. The lifetime parameters do not display obvious trends through T c and both sets of samples show a deterioration of any observable trends through T c as a function of thermal cycling. Possible positron trapping sites in these materials are examined. Subtleties of the positron lifetime technique as applied to the complex YBaCu0 ceramics are discussed.
Abstract 3152: Integrin α6β1 dependent collective cell migration in prostate cancer metastasis

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Investigating the metastasis tactics of cancer cells show some cancers migrate using epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) while others, such as prostate cancer, use collective migration similar to embryonic tubulogenesis. In human tissue specimens, collective migration originates from pre-malignant prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), occurs in invasive adenocarcinoma and persists in prostate cancer metastatic bone lesions. Successful collective migration requires cell attachment to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), via adhesion receptors, specifically integrins. In prostate cancer, the laminin binding integrins α6β1 and α3β1 are expressed throughout disease progression including metastases. The laminin receptor α6β1 has been shown to be a determinant of prostate tumor cell aggressiveness. Integrin α6β1 undergoes a post-translational modification mediated by the serine protease, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR, resulting in a variant form called α6pβ1. In this study, we optimized the growth and retrieval of tumor cells from 3-dimensional matrigel cultures, to determine the role of integrin α6β1, α6pβ1 and α3β1 in DU145 prostate tumor cell collective migration. The DU145 prostate tumor cells embedded in growth factor reduced matrigel, grew robust networks within 24 hours and contained extensive branching structures. The network formation was shown to be dependent on integrin α6β1 expression as determined by specific knockdown of α6β1 over a 24 hour period using 25nM siRNA targeting. Interestingly, the knockdown of α3β1 integrin had no observable effect on the networks. The networks produced by the DU145 cells contained pericellular proteolysis activity along the branches of collective cells as well as at the leading tips of the branches. Laminin 332, its receptor integrin α6β1, and uPAR co-localized on the membranes between cells traveling collectively. Induced production of integrin α6pβ1 increased branching network formation, while blockage of integrin α6pβ1 production impaired collective migration via reduced network formation. Taken together, these observations suggest that collective cell migration through tubulogenesis requires cell adhesion to laminin via integrin α6β1 and production of the α6pβ1 structural variant facilitates this process. Ongoing work is using the model to identify candidate molecular effectors of tubulogenesis as well as pharmacological approaches to block the process and prevent tumor progression. Supported in part by NIH grants CA 23074 and CA 159406. Citation Format: Cynthia S. Rubenstein, Jaime Gard, Raymond B. Nagle, Terry H. Landowski, Anne E. Cress. Integrin α6β1 dependent collective cell migration in prostate cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3152. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3152
Antinociceptive interactions of opioid delta receptor agonists with morphine in mice: supra- and sub-additivity.

In this study, the antinociceptive interactions of fixed ratio combinations of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) given morphine and subantinociceptive doses of the delta agonists, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin (DELT) or [Met5]enkephalin (MET) were examined using the mouse warm water tail flick test. When morphine was coadministered with DPDPE or DELT in a 4:1 and 9:1 mixture, respectively, a synergistic antinociceptive effect was observed. In contrast, when morphine was coadministered with MET in a 1:2 fixed ratio mixture, a subadditive interaction occurred. These results demonstrate both positive and negative modulatory interactions of delta agonists with morphine in an antinociceptive endpoint and that these interactions can be either supra- or subadditive. The data support the concept of a functional interaction between opioid mu and delta receptors and a potential regulatory role for the endogenous ligands of the opioid delta receptor.
Prediction of Thermostable Mutants of G-Protein Coupled Receptor Proteins using Knowledge-Based Energy Functions

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) proteins form the largest family of membrane proteins and are important drug targets. The three-dimensional crystal structure of a protein is critical for drug design. However, membrane proteins are exceedingly difficult to crystallize. One successful strategy recently used to crystallize GPCR proteins is to derive thermostable mutants that crystallize more readily than the wild type protein. One bottleneck in the identification of thermostable mutants is the laborious number of experiments that need to be done to determine the stability of a mutant. Another major bottleneck is the large number of possible mutants that need to be screened. For a GPCR protein of typically 300 residues length there are approximately 6′000 possible single-point mutants; the ways to combine two mutations are more than 16 million.Our aim is to cut the experimental costs by predicting which mutations may increase the thermostability of a GPCR protein. One of our computational models for the structural stability as a function of single-point mutation to alanine is based on experimental data for two different specific GPCR proteins with 34 % sequence identity. Our model increased the recall rate and the specificity of the predictions by 30 % and shrank the number of mutants that need to be tested in experiment by 40 %. Application of the same model to another GPCR protein with 25 % sequence identity showed the same enrichment of correct predictions, with a decrease of 25 % in the number of mutants to be tested. The predictions were calculated from a knowledge-based energy function for the structural stability of two GPCR proteins. We develop such functions from theoretical considerations and from experimental data such as the thermostability and the existing crystal structures of GPCR proteins.
Expanding the Frame The Role Visual Research Methods Played in Documenting the Lives of Incarcerated Indigenous Women in Oaxaca, México

This article explores the use of photographs in documenting the lives of women in Santa Maria Ixcotel state prison in southern Mexico. In living for the audience in the photos, the women provide a ...
Advanced Imaging in Gout

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of advanced imaging using ultrasound, CT, and MRI in the assessment and diagnosis of gout. CONCLUSION. Dual-energy CT can quantitatively identify monosodium urate crystal deposits with high sensitivity and specificity within joints, tendons, and periarticular soft tissues. There are several characteristic ultrasound imaging findings, which include visualization of echogenic monosodium urate crystal deposition, tophus, and adjacent erosions. MRI is sensitive in showing soft-tissue and osseous abnormalities of gout, although the imaging findings are not specific. Gout commonly involves specific joints and anatomic structures, and knowledge of these sites and imaging appearances are clues to the correct diagnosis.
Effects of dobutamine on ischemic vasodilation of the forearm in patients with severe congestive heart failure

Abstract Background: The significant changes that occur in the peripheral circulatory system in heart failure are well known. Although the central hemodynamic effects of dobutamine have been well described, data on its effect on peripheral vascular function in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction are limited. Methods and Results: Resting and hyperemic forearm blood flow and resistance were measured using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography in patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) before and during the infusion of increasing doses of dobutamine. Total hyperemia was also calculated. We studied eight patients with New York Heart Association classes III to IV CHF who had a mean age of 62 ± 5 years and a mean ejection fraction of 17.4% ± 2.9%. Resting forearm blood flow increased from 2.3 ± 0.2 to 3.4 ± 0.4 mL/min/100 mL during peak dobutamine infusion ( P P P P P Conclusions: The data show that in patients with advanced CHF, intravenous dobutamine not only increases resting forearm blood flow and decreases resting forearm vascular resistance, but augments the reactive hyperemic flow and improves the vasodilatory response of the forearm vessels to transient ischemic occlusion. The underlying mechanism for this response and its clinical significance remain to be identified.
Abstract A63: Effectiveness of a holistic mind-body intervention to treat fatigue in breast cancer survivors: Does race make a difference?

Introduction: Persistent fatigue affects up to 40% of breast cancer survivors and has multiple contributing factors including pain, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, decreased physical activity, weight gain, and treatment-induced menopausal symptoms. A holistic mind-body medicine intervention was developed by the Mercy Medical Center Prevention and Research Center team to address fatigue and its many contributing factors among breast cancer survivors. Overall, the intervention was shown to effectively decrease levels of self-reported fatigue among breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this analysis was to examine whether the effectiveness of the group-based mind-body medicine program differed by race, as little research has assessed the role of race in fatigue improvement among breast cancer survivors. Design : Quasi-experimental design using a before/after evaluation to assess change in fatigue scores. Population: 206 breast cancer survivors (154 Caucasians; 52 African-Americans) with a chief complaint of fatigue. Outcome Measures: Change in severity of fatigue as measured by a 10 cm visual analog scale (0=no fatigue; 10=most fatigue). Fatigue was measured at baseline, end-of-program, two and six months post-program completion. Results: African-Americans reported higher levels of fatigue than Caucasians at baseline and at the three follow-up time points; however, these differences were not statistically significant. African-Americans’ mean score from the visual analog scale showed improvement from 6.3 (SD 1.8) at baseline to 4.4 (SD 2.5) at end-of-program (p Conclusion: A group-based holistic mind-body medicine intervention effectively improved fatigue across both African-American and Caucasian breast cancer survivors. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A63.
Human transcription factor IIIC box B binding subunit.

Abstract Transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) is a multisubunit basic TF for RNA polymerase III. It initiates transcription complex assembly on tRNA and related genes by binding to the internal box B promoter element and is also required for transcription of 5S rRNA and other stable nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs transcribed by polymerase III. In mammalian cells, regulation of TFIIIC activity controls overall polymerase III transcription in response to growth factors and viral infection. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of a full-length cDNA (and genomic DNA from the transcription initiation region) encoding the box B binding subunit of human TFIIIC, the 243-kDa alpha subunit. Specific antisera raised against the encoded protein super shifts a TFIIIC-box B DNA complex during an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunodepletes TFIIIC transcriptional activity from a partially purified TFIIIC fraction, proving that the cDNA encodes a component of TFIIIC. The human protein shows surprisingly little similarity to the box B binding subunit of yeast TFIIIC.
Flexible compensator for systems with non-ideal supply voltage

A control technique for shunt voltage source converter based compensators is presented that utilizes a computationally efficient moving-window DFT along with an orthogonal decomposition of the current instead of the filters typically used to extract the desired components of the current. Each orthogonal component of the current can be adjusted independently in any percentage, thus providing selective current compensation. When compensators are employed in systems with higher frequency variability and potentially non-ideal supply voltage such as micro-grids, the compensation performance is degraded. The method presented here provides near immunity to high frequency variability as well as non-ideal supply voltage including both distortion and voltage asymmetry.
WOUND HEALING: A BRIEF REVIEW

The biology of wound healing is indeed a complex process. From phase 1 to phase 3, an orderly progression of events take place in the repair process. Various factors influence the rapidity and cosmetic appearance of this phenomenon. Physical, microbial, nutritional and environmental factors all have some role in the end result.
Effect of Gaunt Factors on Analysis of X-Ray Spectra: Viability of a Thermal Intergalactic Medium in the Coma Cluster

The effect of the choice of a Gaunt factor approximation on the analysis of the spectra of celestial X-ray sources is examined. It is found that the commonly used practice of setting the Gaunt factor to unity when companng data with theoretical thermal-bremsstrahlung spectra leads to unacceptably large errors. The Born-approximation Gaunt factor yields satisfactory results in energy regimes applicable to current instrumentation. When an appropriate Gaunt factor is applied to the analysis of Uhuru data on the extended X-ray source in the Coma cluster of galaxies, thr resulting best-fit temperature of kT= 12( 12,- 4) with that expected for a gas of the observed radius of the X-ray source in the known potential of the cluster. Thus, current X-ray data permit the existence of a velocity-supported thermal intergalactic medium in Coma. (auth)
A Continuous Molecular Roadmap to iPSC Reprogramming through Progression Analysis of Single-Cell Mass Cytometry

Summary To analyze cellular reprogramming at the single-cell level, mass cytometry was used to simultaneously measure markers of pluripotency, differentiation, cell-cycle status, and cellular signaling throughout the reprogramming process. Time-resolved progression analysis of the resulting data sets was used to construct a continuous molecular roadmap for three independent reprogramming systems. Although these systems varied substantially in Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc stoichiometry, they presented a common set of reprogramming landmarks. Early in the reprogramming process, Oct4 high Klf4 high cells transitioned to a CD73 high CD104 high CD54 low partially reprogrammed state. Ki67 low cells from this intermediate population reverted to a MEF-like phenotype, but Ki67 high cells advanced through the M-E-T and then bifurcated into two distinct populations: an ESC-like Nanog high Sox2 high CD54 high population and a mesendoderm-like Nanog low Sox2 low Lin28 high CD24 high PDGFR-α high population. The methods developed here for time-resolved, single-cell progression analysis may be used for the study of additional complex and dynamic systems, such as cancer progression and embryonic development.
Effect of Density and Age on Larval Sea Lamprey Growth and Survival in Three Lake Champlain Streams

ABSTRACT Age-1 and age-3 larval sea lamprey were separately held in circular cages (0.16 m2) with 30 cm of optimal habitat for one year. The five treatments for each age class were: 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 larvae/m2. Growth of age-1 larvae was significantly higher than age-3 larvae (P<0.006), although survival was not significantly different between ages (P<0.546). Density treatments did not significantly affect growth and survival of the age treatments (P<0.195; P<0.868). These results suggest that age and biomass may be important variables to measure when examining potential demographic effects on larval lamprey life history characteristics.
The possibilities and dilemmas of building bridges between critical medical anthropology and clinical anthropology: a discussion.

Critical medical anthropologists ultimately aspire to merge theory and praxis in their desire to promote experiential health as opposed to the functional health associated with contemporary political economics around the world. As part of this endeavor, Anne L. Wright and Thomas M. Johnson expressed in their session on ‘Toward a Critical Clinically Applied Anthropology’ the hope of synthesizing critical medical anthropology and clinically applied work. They have graciously invited me to serve as one of the discussants of this symposium, as I have been a proponent of critical medical anthropology [I] and a critic of conventional clinical anthropology [2]. I will focus on three basic questions relevant to the aims of this symposium: (1) How ‘critical’ are each of the articles? (2) In what ways, if any, do each of them build a bridge between critical medical anthropology and clinical anthropology? and (3) What strategies do they propose for the creation of a truly humane health care system and society? Each of the authors operates with a somewhat different conception of critical medical anthropology and with a different assessment of the plausibility for synthesizing critical medical anthropology and clinical anthropology. With this thought in mind, it should be noted that many analyses that adopt the rubric ‘critical medical anthropology’ bear little resemblance to the framework that Singer and I delineated when we coined this term [3]. This development has prompted me at times to wonder whether the decision to change the Political Economy of Health Interest Group into the Critical Anthropology of Health Interest Group was not premature, even though at the time I was one of the supporters of this change. In its aftermath, we saw an array of papers adopting straight phenomenological, ethnomedical, and conventional clinical anthropological approaches appearing in sessions bearing the label ‘critical medical anthropology’. As a response to this development, Soheir Morsy [4] proposed in a panel discussion titled, ‘Getting Back to the Basics in Critical Medical Anthropology,’ at the 1988 American Anthropological Association Meeting that the label critical medical anthropology is counter-productive. In a rejoinder to her argument, Singer [S] advises that the label ‘critical medical anthropology’ should be retained but that its content and boundaries need to be better defined. Perhaps much of the problem with defining the content and the boundaries as well as the goals of critical medical anthropology lies in establishing what is ‘critical’. As Singer, Johnsen, and I argued in our delineation of critical medical anthropology,
Particle dynamics simulations of a piston-based particle damper

A piston-based particle damper geometry is proposed and investigated using experiments and particle dynamics simulations. In particle damping, energy is dissipated through the inelastic collisions and friction between granular particles. Due to their temperature-independent performance, particle dampers are promising alternatives for use in extreme temperature conditions. Using the appropriate inter-particle force models, the simulations agree well with the experimental results. Using simulations, many parameters are investigated in this work for their effects on the damping performance, including material properties, particle size, device geometry, and excitation level. These results provide new understanding of particle damping and may help in the design of next generation particle dampers.
Differential responses to an oral urea load test in small ruminants: species and breed effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the differential responses to an oral urea load test (OULT) in 1–2-year-old sheep and goats. Six non-bred ewes from each breed [Suffolk (SFK), Gulf Coast Native (GCN), Katahdin (KAT), and St. Croix (SCX)] and six non-bred does [Boer Goat Cross (BGC)] were individually penned and fed a concentrate-base diet at 120% of NRC (1985) requirement for maintenance along with bermudagrass hay ad libitum for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2-week-period, half of the animals from each group were fitted with jugular vein catheters, and blood was collected at 15 min intervals for 360 min. At the 45 min mark, the OULT (0.4 g urea/kg BW) was administered via a stomach tube. Ruminal samples were collected before and after the OULT was administered. The experiment was repeated with the remaining animals on the following day. Blood was analyzed for plasma ammonia-N, urea-N, glucose, insulin, and l -carnitine. Ruminal fluid was collected via stomach tube and analyzed for pH and ammonia-N. Comparisons were made for each group of animals to test for breed effect, and all sheep data were pooled to compare with goats and to test for species effect. After OULT administration, ruminal pH increased from 6.51 to 7.05 (P 0.10). A breed×time (P 0.10) or species×time interaction (P>0.10). There were no breed-related differences (P>0.10) in plasma l -carnitine. The data suggest that breeds and species can respond differently to an OULT and when conducting or interpreting experiments using this type of test, breed and species should be considered.
Transcript levels of rbcR1, ntcA, and rbcL/S genes in cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 are downregulated in response to cold and osmotic stress.

Using differential display, we identified the Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase transcriptional regulator (rbcR1) gene, a member of the LysR family of positive transcription factors. The rbcR1 transcript and its putative target gene ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL/S) were repressed by cold (20°C) and osmotic (sucrose and salt) stress. Cold stress also induced a transient downregulation of the Anabaena 7120 ntcA transcriptional regulator. Expression of the ntcA gene, however, returned to normal levels 2 h after initiation of cold stress and increased significantly above normal levels 24 h after growth at 20°C. The early decline in the expression of the ntcA, rbcR1, and rbcL/S transcripts appears to be part of the Anabaena 7120 global adaptation response to stress. The substantial increase in the ntcA gene expression 24 h following cold stress suggests that Anabaena 7120 experiences substantial nitrogen limitation under these conditions. These data suggest that in response to stress, Anabaena 7120 decreases its metabolic activity through regulation of the CO2 fixation machinery while enhancing its nitrogen assimilation by inducing the expression of the nitrogen global transcriptional regulator, NtcA.
GENOTYPE EFFECTS ON PROLIFERATIVE EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION OF SOYBEAN

Proliferative somatic embryogenesis is a regeneration system suitable for mass propagation and genetic transformation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective of this study was to examine genotypic effects on induction and maintenance of proliferative embryogenic cultures, and on yield, germination, and conversion of mature somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were induced from eight genotypes by explanting 100 immature cotyledons per genotype on induction medium. Differences in frequency of induction were observed among genotypes. However, this step was not limiting for plant regeneration because induction frequency in the least responding genotype was sufficient to initiate and maintain proliferative embryogenic cultures. Six genotypes selected for further study were used to initiate embryogenic cultures in liquid medium. Cultures were evaluated for propagation of globular-stage tissue in liquid medium, yield of cotyledon-stage somatic embryos on differentiation medium, and plant recovery of cotyledon-stage embryos. Genotypes also differed for weight and volume increase of embryogenic tissue in liquid cultures, for yield of cotyledon-stage embryos on differentiation medium, and for plant recovery from cotyledon-stage embryos. Rigorous selection for a proliferative culture phenotype consisting of nodular, compact, green spheres increased embryo yield over that of unselected cultures, but did not affect the relative ranking of genotypes. In summary, the genotypes used in this study differed at each stage of plant regeneration from proliferative embryogenic cultures, but genotypic effects were partially overcome by protocol modifications.
Rhodospirillum rubrum CO-Dehydrogenase. Part 1. Spectroscopic Studies of CODH Variant C531A Indicate the Presence of a Binuclear [FeNi] Cluster

A variant of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) from Rhodospirillum rubrum was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of the cooS gene to yield a CODH with ala in place of cys-531. This variant form of CODH (C531A) has a metal content identical to that of wild-type CODH but has an extremely slow turnover rate. Cys-531 is not essential for construction of the [Fe{sub 4}S{sub 4}] clusters or for incorporation of nickel. The K{sub m} for methyl viologen is identical to that of wild-type CODH, but the K{sub m} for CO is approximately 30% that of wild-type CODH. The data suggest that in C531A CODH a rate-limiting step has been introduced at the point of electron transfer from the Ni site to an associated [Fe{sub 4}S{sub 4}]{sub C} cluster. Examination of indigo carmine-poised, CO-pretreated C531A CODH revealed the presence of a paramagnetic species (g = 2.33, 2.10, 2.03; g{sub ave} = 2.16), which was also observed in dithionite-treated samples. This species was shown to represent as much as 0.90 {+-} 0.10 spins/molecule, yet production of the species from fully oxidized C531A CODH did not involve a concurrent decrease in the molar extinction coefficient at 420 nm, indicating that the [Fe{sub 4}S{sub 4}]more » clusters remained in the 2+ oxidation state. {sup 61}Ni-substituted CO-pretreated C531A CODH, when poised with indigo carmine, showed no broadening of the resonances, indicating that no detectable spin density resides upon Ni. Comparisons of the EPR spectrum of the g{sub ave} = 2.16 species to Ni-C(CO) and Ni-C of Alcaligenes eutrophus [NiFe] hydrogenase are presented. On the basis of these comparisons and on the lack of {sup 61}Ni broadening, the g{sub ave} = 2.16 resonance is interpreted as arising from a [(CO{sub L})Fe{sup 3+}-Ni{sup 2+}-H{sup {minus}}]{sup 4+} (S = 1/2) system, where CO{sub L} is an activating nonsubstrate CO ligand. On the basis of the absence of spectroscopic features present in wild-type CODH, and representing coupled forms of the putative [FeNi] cluster with a [Fe{sub 4}S{sub 4}], cys-531 is proposed to be directly involved in the coupling of the putative [FeNi] site with the associated [Fe{sub 4}S{sub 4}] cluster.« less
Chicago's disposition of street traffic violations

As a class, the most serious cases receive the most inefficient treatment. The traffic bureau with system of automatic fines proves its worth
Enhancement and suppression of thermal emission by a three-dimensional photonic crystal

The emission and detection of electromagnetic radiation are essential optical processes that govern performance of lasers, detectors and solar cells. Through light-photonic crystal interaction, a three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal offers a way to alter such optical processes. Experimental realization is done by building a thin slab of 3D photonic crystal onto a silicon material. The 3D crystal structure is found to be highly effective in suppressing silicon thermal radiation in the photonic band gap spectral regime. Emission is also enhanced in the photonic passbands. At passband resonant frequencies, a thin slab of 3D photonic crystal actually acts like a planar blackbody.
A design methodology for configuration of manufacturing cells

This paper presents a general design methodology for manufacturing cells. The approach makes use of the observation that 85% of the production demand of a manufacturing facility can be attributed to 15% of the products manufactured in the facility. This logic was extended to manufacturing cell design. Specifically, within a part family, those parts that have a high steady demand should be placed in cells that are configured and operated similar to a flow line. Those part numbers within the family that have little demand should be assigned to cells designed to operate more as a job shop. In this way, a manufacturing cell that is designed to serve both the high and low demand components will not be impeded by imposed constraints resulting from demand or processing time considerations for individual parts within the family. The author presents a ten step approach for analysis and design of such cells after initial machine-component groupings have been formed.
Network topology in aperiodic networks

Topological descriptions are an attractive alternative to conventional crystallographic formalism for describing crystals and are essential for describing aperiodic states lacking long-range translational and orientational order. In networks, topological connectivity approaches are usefully applied in making assessments of glass-forming ability and in providing a local description of network structure which can assess extendability. The structural freedom required to form aperiodic networks is directly related to connectivity, and the range of allowable structural possibilities can be enumerated using combinatorial geometry. Detailed applications to periodic and aperiodic network silicas are reviewed.
A numerical framework for the modeling of corrosive dissolution

Abstract We present in this work a numerical framework for simulating corrosive dissolution over long periods of time. Our proposed framework consists of three main elements: a novel dilute electrochemical model, a projective integration approach for obtaining the motion of the anodic front, and an adaptive remeshing scheme. One of the main challenges in modeling corrosive dissolution is the vast difference in the time scales involved. That is, ionic transport occurs at time scales that are many orders of magnitude smaller than the time scale at which the motion of dissolving fronts occurs. Based on the disparity of the time scales, we postulate that the evolution of the ionic distribution in the electrolyte as driven by a changing anodic front can be approximated as a sequence of steady states, effectively reducing the problem to a single time scale. With this simplification, we are able to use a simple explicit time integration scheme for determining the evolution of the dissolving anodes. We present demonstrative examples to show the capability of the proposed framework to capture complex electrochemical behavior in corroding systems when the motion of anodic fronts is considered.
On the connection of semiclassical instanton theory with Marcus theory for electron transfer in solution

We present a derivation of Marcus theory of electron transfer in solution starting from semiclassical instanton theory. The conventional semiclassical instanton theory provides an inadequate description of the electron transfer process in the inverted Marcus regime. This has been attributed to the lack of backscattering in the product region, which is represented as a semi-infinite continuum of states. For electron transfer processes in condensed phase, the electronic states in the acceptor well are bound, which violates the continuum assumption. We show by detailed analysis of the minimum action path of a model system for electron transfer that the proper tunneling coordinate is a delocalized, “bead-count” mode. The tunneling mode is analytically continued in the complex plane as in the traditional derivation. Unlike the traditional analysis where the method of steepest descent is used, the tunneling coordinate is treated as a quasi-zero mode. This feature allows including the influence of backscattering in the acceptor well and leads to the recovery of the Marcus formula for the rate of electron transfer. The results have implications on the performance of ring polymer molecular dynamics for the study of electron transfer dynamics.
Growth of multilayer ice films and the formation of cubic ice imaged with STM

Ice films as many as 30 molecular layers thick can be imaged with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) when negative sample biases $l\ensuremath{-}6(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\text{ }\text{V}$ and subpicoamp tunneling currents are used. We observe that water deposited onto Pt(111) below 120 K forms amorphous films, whereas metastable cubic ice appears between 120 and 150 K. To determine the mechanisms of ice growth, we investigate the thickness-dependent film morphology. Cubic ice emerges from screw dislocations in the crystalline ice film that are caused by the mismatch in the atomic Pt- step height and the ice-bilayer separation.
Congenital right coronary artery to left atrium fistula

Abstract The first case of connection of a branch of the right coronary artery with the left atrium is presented. This branch is probably the sinus node artery. 26 Only 6 cases of fistula from a coronary artery to the left side of the heart were found in the literature; all involved the left coronary artery. This is also the first time that a fistula from a coronary artery to the left heart chamber has been recognized preoperatively and the anatomic details established by cineangiocardiography. Mitral regurgitation was present prior to surgery, and its possible etiology is discussed. Ligation of the abnormal vessel was followed by development of diaphragmatic myocardial infarction. Selective coronary cinearteriography postoperatively demonstrated a large collateral flow from the left coronary artery into the irfarcted area.
Visual Field Defects in Diabetic Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

We reviewed the automated visual field tests of 110 nondiabetic and 87 diabetic patients with primary open-angle glaucoma randomly selected from a large glaucoma practice to investigate a possible qualitative difference in the pattern of visual field defects between nondiabetic and diabetic patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. A single reviewer analyzed, in masked fashion, the visual field tests of each patient and decided whether or not visual field defects were present mainly in the inferior half of the visual field. Of the 110 nondiabetic patients, 40 (36.4%) had visual field defects located mainly in the inferior half of the visual field in one or both eyes, whereas 56 of the 87 (64.4%) diabetic patients had such defects. This difference was statistically significant (P = .0001). We believe that a vascular factor, such as that attributable to diabetes mellitus, may influence glaucomatous optic nerve damage, thus causing a difference in the pattern of visual field loss in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.
Imprinting of ducklings to a second stimulus when a previously imprinted stimulus is occasionally presented

Newly hatched ducklings were imprinted to one stimulus and then given prolonged visual exposure to a second discriminable stimulus. Filial behavior toward the second stimulus developed more slowly when the original imprinting stimulus was occasionally presented during exposure to the second stimulus than when the original stimulus was withheld during such exposure. Results were interpreted in terms of a possible motivational aftereffect following presentations of the original imprinting stimulus.
Auditory-visual interaction in cat orbital-insular cortex

Abstract Extra- and intracellular recordings were made in the orbital and insular cortices of the cat. Auditory and visual stimuli were presented alone, simultaneously and with the onsets of the stimuli paired at various conditioning-test intervals (Δt's) up to 1,000 msec. The largest class of interactions (25%) that occurred resulted in an inhibition of the cells' response. Both active inhibition (IPSPs) and presynaptic blockade (suppression without IPSPs at the recorded cell) were common responses. It was also found that the post-synaptic potentials induced by one stimulus could enhance or negate the post-synaptic potentials induced by the other stimulus. These simple interactions, which could be inferred by the summation of the cells' response to either stimulus, were contrasted with numerous complex responses at a wide range of Δt's. It is concluded that most of the cells in the orbital and insular cortices of the cat are multimodal, with the interactions of visual and auditory stimuli occurring along multiple pathways with different latencies and functional synapses.
Experimental Optimization for Imaging with Photoelectron Diffraction

The experimental apparatus and its optimization for holographic imaging with energy dependent photoelectron diffraction are described. A substantial improvement in data taking efficiency has resulted, allowing total data collection time to be reduced to about twelve hours for a single image-map.
The Neutron Density Near a Plane Surface

The exact solution of Milne's integral equation is expressed as a real integral with nonoscillating integrand. This expression has been derived from the Wiener-Hopf solution for the Laplace transform of the density. The integrand involves the angular distribution of neutrons emerging from the surface, and the tabulation of this function by the Mathematical Tables Project given by Placzek has been used in the numerical evaluation of the integral. The values of the first three moments of the difference between the density and the asymptotic density, and an expansion of the density for points near the boundary are also given. Various authors have proposed or obtained approximations to the solution of this problem, and some of these approximations are referred to and compared with the exact solution.
MRI of the peritoneum: spectrum of abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to detail peritoneal anatomy, techniques for optimizing peritoneal MRI, and the MRI characteristics of several disease processes that frequently involve the peritoneum.CONCLUSION. Homogeneous fat suppression and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, including delayed imaging, are critical technical factors for successful lesion detection and characterization on peritoneal MRI.
Some results from the Arizona tams facility: AMS ages of athletic, artistic, and animal artifacts

Abstract In this paper we will describe the operation of the University of Arizona tandem accelerator mass spectrometer facility, present some results that demonstrate the precision with which radiocarbon measurements can be made and describe several experiments that have been completed on a variety of artifacts.
ANECDOTE AND HISTORY

Although the term “anecdote” entered the modern European languages fairly recently and remains to this day ill-defined, the short, freestanding accounts of particular events, true or invented, that are usually referred to as anecdotes have been around from time immemorial. They have also always stood in a close relation to the longer, more elaborate narratives of history, sometimes in a supportive role, as examples and illustrations, sometimes in a challenging role, as the repressed of history —“la petite histoire.” Historians' relation to them, in turn, varied from appreciative to dismissive in accordance with their own objectives in writing history. It appears that highly structured anecdotes of the kind that are remembered and find their way into anecdote collections depend on and tend to confirm established views of history, the world, and human nature. In contrast, loosely structured anecdotes akin to the modern fait divers have usually worked to undermine established views and stimulate new ones, either by presenting material known to few and excluded from officially authorized histories, or by reporting “odd” occurrences for which the established views of history, the world, and human nature do not easily account.
Not so strange bedfellows: marketing and total quality management

Long‐term success of total quality management (TQM) programmes depends on initiatives which form strong partnerships with marketing activities. The objective of the partnerships is to integrate customer requirements into programmes. Analyses these relationships, based on information developed from extensive seminar discussions over a three‐year period. Concludes that the status of TQM‐marketing partnerships is highly variable, with respect to customer understanding. Many remain in their infancy, while others have matured well in a short period. For the latter group, marketing’s customer voice has become an expanding part of the quality movement to develop products and services that excite customers.
You Can't Expect Rationality from Pregnant Men: Reflections on Multi-disciplinarity in Management Research

The paper attempts to debate and answer two questions: (1) Does multi-disciplinary research in management constitute a distinctive approach? To which the brief answer is `no', because multi-disciplinary research is not one approach among all those others which can also be applied when researching management. Multi-disciplinary research into management is, as it were, the only game in town. (2) Can we rationally choose multi-disciplinary research into management as such at all? To which the response is also `no', because management research and multi-disciplinarity are inseparable, by reason of the fact that management is, in its very essence, multi-disciplinary, rather than mono-disciplinary, in nature.
A system model for assessing vehicle use-phase water consumption in urban mobility networks

Abstract Water consumption is emerging as an important issue potentially influencing the composition of future urban transportation networks, especially as projected urban populations are expected to outpace water availability and as alternative fuels and vehicles are being implemented in such regions. National and State policies aimed at reducing dependence on imported fuels and energy can increase local production of fuels and energy, impacting demand on local water resources. This article details the development of a model-based assessment on water consumption and withdrawal pertaining to the use-phase of conventional and alternative transportation modes based on regional energy and fuel production. An extensive literature review details water consumption from fuel extraction, processing, and distribution as well as power plant operations. Using Model-Based Systems Engineering principles and the Systems Modeling Language, a multi-level, multi-modal framework was developed and applied to the Metro Atlanta transportation system consisting of conventional and alternative vehicles across varying conditions. According to the analysis, vehicles powered by locally produced biofuels and electricity (assuming average local grid mix for charging) consume more water than locally refined gasoline and CNG-powered vehicles. Improvements in power plant technologies, electricity generation (e.g., use of solar and wind versus hydro power) and vehicle efficiencies can reduce such water consumption significantly. Total water withdrawal for each vehicle and fuel is significantly greater than water consumption.
Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of the gaseous phytohormone ethylene is a highly regulated process. A major point of regulation occurs at the generally rate-limiting step in biosynthesis, catalyzed by the enzyme ACC synthase (ACS). ACS is encoded by a multigene family, and different members show distinct patterns of expression during growth and development, and in response to various external cues. In addition to this transcriptional control, the stability of the ACS protein is also highly regulated. Here we review these two distinct regulatory inputs that control the spatial and temporal patterns of ethylene biosynthesis.
Commentary: "will medical solutions to sexual problems make sexological care and science obsolete?".

Dr. Rowland's essay correctly documents the “medicalization” of sexual dysfunctions. There are a variety of reasons for this. These include disease variables, patient issues, and systemic factors. ...
Dichotic testing of partial and complete split brain subjects

Abstract Four subjects with differing portions of the cerebral commissures sectioned were tested in a consonant vowel dichotic listening task. The two subjects with sections anterior to the splenium and posterior to the first one third of the corpus callosum failed to identify any of the syllables presented to the left ear under dichotic presentation, even under conditions designed to optimize processing and output in favor of that ear. The results were discussed in terms of models of right hemisphere speech processing function and the phenomenon of unilateral neglect with simultaneous presentation of stimuli.
On piecewise-polynomial approximation of functions with a bounded fractional derivative in an L p -norm

Abstract We study the error in approximating functions with a bounded (r + α)th derivative in an Lp-norm. Here r is a nonnegative integer, α ϵ [0, 1), and ƒ(r + α) is the classical fractional derivative, i.e., ƒ (r + α ) (y) = ∝ 0 1 , α d(ƒ (r) (t)) . We prove that, for any such function ƒ, there exists a piecewise-polynomial of degree s that interpolates ƒ at n equally spaced points and that approximates ƒ with an error (in sup-norm) ∥ƒ (r + α ) ∥ p O(n −(r+α− 1 p ) . We also prove that no algorithm based on n function and/or derivative values of ƒ has the error equal ∥ƒ (r + α ) ∥ p O(n −(r+α− 1 p ) for any ƒ. This implies the optimality of piecewise-polynomial interpolation. These two results generalize well-known results on approximating functions with bounded rth derivative (α = 0). We stress that the piecewise-polynomial approximation does not depend on α nor on p. It does not depend on the exact value of r as well; what matters is an upper bound s on r, s ⩾ r. Hence, even without knowing the actual regularity (r, α, and p) of ƒ, we can approximate the function ƒ with an error equal (modulo a constant) to the minimal worst case error when the regularity were known.
Convergent Total Synthesis of Murisolin

A convergent total synthesis of the mono(tetrahydrofuran) annonaceous acetogenin murisolin, with a longest linear sequence of nine steps, is reported. Assembly of the complete carbon framework by cross metathesis and late-stage tetrahydrofuran formation on the intact backbone are key elements of the synthesis.