cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-dynamic-range, single-shot cross-correlator using a pulse replicator

A single-shot, third-order cross-correlator is implemented using a pulse replicator that generates a sequence of spatially distinct, temporally delayed sampling pulses. A 250-ps temporal range with 60-dB dynamic range is demonstrated in single-shot operation.
The centrality of telenovelas in Latin America 's everyday life: Past tendencies, current knowledge, and future research

Every evening, millions of viewers throughout Latin America tune in their television sets to watch telenovelas. For more than thirty years now telenovelas have dominated primetime programming on most of the region’s television. And here Latin America refers to more than a geographic area: it covers a culturally constructed region that goes from the southern tip of South America to the United States, where one can watch daily telenovelas on the two Hispanic networks, Univision and Telemundo,[i] and Canada. In the last few decades Brazilian and Mexican telenovelas, and to a lesser extent Venezuelan, Colombian, Argentineans and others, have been exported to more than a hundred nations around the world (Melo, 1988). In this increasingly international scenario, Latin American telenovelas have been aired in other Portuguese and Spanish speaking markets, and in dubbed and sometimes edited versions in many different national contexts (Allen, 1995; Page 1 of 15 The centrality of telenovelas in Latin America’s everyday life
The use of hydrophilic contact lenses in corneal diseases of the dog and cat: a preliminary report.

Two types of hydrophilic contact lenses were tested in dogs and cats as part of the therapeutic regime of recurrent corneal erosions, superficial corneal ulcers and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. It was found that the lenses are well tolerated by these species when properly fitted to the cornea. If the lenses were not properly fitted, they were lost before their therapeutic effectiveness could be evaluated. The use of hydrophilic contact lenses appeared to be beneficial in the treatment of superificial corneal ulcers and recurrent corneal erosions in the dog and cat, but ineffective in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Low cost WDM technology for emerging telecommunications applications

By adopting novel design and integration techniques, "smart" WDM components and subsystems based on phased array waveguide gratings (PAWGs) can be produced at low cost for emerging telecommunications applications.
Grünbaum colorings of toroidal triangulations

We prove that if G is a triangulation of the torus and χ(G)≠5, then there is a 3-coloring of the edges of G so that the edges bounding every face are assigned three different colors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 68–81, 2010
Parallelization of scheduling algorithms

Most static scheduling algorithms that schedule parallel programs represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are sequential. Parallelization of scheduling algorithms is a new research area. This paper discusses the essential issues of parallel static scheduling and presents an efficient parallel scheduling algorithm, the HPMCP algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on an Intel Paragon machine. It produces high-quality scheduling and is much faster than existing sequential and parallel algorithms.
Amyloid Fibrils Composed of Hexameric Peptides Attenuate Neuroinflammation

The amyloid-forming proteins tau, αB crystallin, and amyloid P protein are all found in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our previous work established that amyloidogenic peptides from the small heat shock protein αB crystallin (HspB5) and from amyloid β fibrils, characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, were therapeutic in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), reflecting aspects of the pathology of MS. To understand the molecular basis for the therapeutic effect, we showed a set of amyloidogenic peptides composed of six amino acids, including those from tau, amyloid β A4, major prion protein (PrP), HspB5, amylin, serum amyloid P, and insulin B chain, to be anti-inflammatory and capable of reducing serological levels of interleukin-6 and attenuating paralysis in EAE. The chaperone function of the fibrils correlates with the therapeutic outcome. Fibrils composed of tau 623-628 precipitated 49 plasma proteins, including apolipoprotein B-100, clusterin, transthyretin, and complement C3, supporting the hypothesis that the fibrils are active biological agents. Amyloid fibrils thus may provide benefit in MS and other neuroinflammatory disorders.
Effects of silicon carbide composition on dielectric barrier Voltage Ramp and TDDB reliability performance

Silicon carbide films containing either nitrogen or oxygen were integrated within a dual-level metal copper interconnect and characterized using Voltage Ramp and TDDB testing. Oxygen containing silicon carbide films were characterized by poor dielectric breakdown properties, but their performance improved with a short soak in ambient at elevated temperatures. This data suggests that oxygen containing silicon carbide films have poor moisture barrier properties. Similar evaluation of nitrogen containing silicon carbide films revealed materials properties that were more similar to those of silicon nitride. TDDB comparison of all three dielectric films is consistent with conclusions from the Voltage Ramp study.
Quantitative evaluation of approximate frequent pattern mining algorithms

Traditional association mining algorithms use a strict definition of support that requires every item in a frequent itemset to occur in each supporting transaction. In real-life datasets, this limits the recovery of frequent itemset patterns as they are fragmented due to random noise and other errors in the data. Hence, a number of methods have been proposed recently to discover approximate frequent itemsets in the presence of noise. These algorithms use a relaxed definition of support and additional parameters, such as row and column error thresholds to allow some degree of "error" in the discovered patterns. Though these algorithms have been shown to be successful in finding the approximate frequent itemsets, a systematic and quantitative approach to evaluate them has been lacking. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive evaluation framework to compare different approximate frequent pattern mining algorithms. The key idea is to select the optimal parameters for each algorithm on a given dataset and use the itemsets generated with these optimal parameters in order to compare different algorithms. We also propose simple variations of some of the existing algorithms by introducing an additional post-processing step. Subsequently, we have applied our proposed evaluation framework to a wide variety of synthetic datasets with varying amounts of noise and a real dataset to compare existing and our proposed variations of the approximate pattern mining algorithms. Source code and the datasets used in this study are made publicly available.
Commentary---Discussion of the Article “Website Morphing”

The article under discussion illustrates the trade-off between optimization and exploration that is fundamental to statistical experimental design. In this discussion, I suggest that the research under discussion could be made even more effective by checking the fit of the model by comparing observed data to replicated data sets simulated from the fitted model.
Reproductive Responses to Photoperiod by a South Florida Population of the Grasshopper Romalea microptera (Orthoptera: Romaleidae)

Reproductive tactics of some insects are affected by photoperiod because daylength is a reliable cue indicating seasonal change in environmental suitability. We tested the hypothesis that late-season (short-day) photoperiod affects the length of the oviposition cycle of the eastern lubber grasshopper, which is from a subtropical area with a winter dry season. We predicted that oviposition would occur sooner in short-day (11.5:12.5 [L:D] h) than in long-day (13.75:10.25 [L:D] h) individuals, and that costs associated with earlier oviposition would be expressed as smaller eggs or fewer eggs per female under the short-day photoperiod. Two diets (low and high food quantity) were tested at each photoperiod. Although MANOVA yielded no significant main effect of photoperiod on the timing of oviposition, number of eggs, and mean egg dry mass, there was a significant multivariate interaction between photoperiod and food for these variables. In the low food treatment, the short-day animals produced fewer, smaller eggs than did the long-day animals, but this multivariate difference between short-day and long-day animals was absent in the high-food treatment. Photoperiod and its interaction with food did not affect timing of oviposition in either multivariate or univariate analyses. The absence of the predicted change in timing of reproduction in an autumn photoperiod suggests that seasonal constraints on reproduction do not exert a strong influence on reproductive timing of this population. Our alternative hypothesis is that the combination of short days and low food availability serve as a cue to lubber grasshoppers of an oncoming dry season with potentially limiting food, and that they respond to this cue by reducing the mass of reproductive output but not by accelerating reproductive timing. Thus, we propose that these subtropical grasshoppers adjust reproductive investment in response to seasonal changes in resource availability.
Communicational approach to study textbook discourse on the derivative

This paper investigates how three widely used calculus textbooks in the U.S. realize the derivative as a point-specific object and as a function using Sfard’s communicational approach. For this purpose, the study analyzed word-use and visual mediators for the limit process through which the derivative at a point was objectified, and word-use and visual mediators for the derivative process through which the derivative as a function was objectified. The analysis highlighted inconsistency in realizations of the limit process and object, and derivative process and object found in some instances, and implicit discussion on relations among different visual mediators. Specifically, the results of this study led to four observations about issues suggested by one or more of the textbooks: a) visual mediators of the initial and final objects, and the visual mediators of these processes were often inconsistent; b) transformations of visual mediators from initial object, through process, to final object were often implicit both in one visual mediator and across multiple visual mediators; c) visual mediators for the limit processes were sometimes disconnected from the initial and final objects, or the connections were not explicit; and d) realizations of both the derivative at a point and the derivative of a function were mediated with nearly identical symbols suggesting a possible difficulty with understanding the difference between them.
Efficacy of gel bait against cockroaches

Objective To learn the effect of gel baits for killing cockroaches.Methods Choosing a kitchen which was about 90 m2 in the hotel of the popedom.Put 1 g drug per square meter,namely to put 0.2-0.3 g drug every point where cockroach moved.To survey and evaluate the density of cockroach before killing them and 7,14,28 days after that by the method of abrasive paper,observing the control effect of different period of time.Results It reached a standard of eligible durg,because all the descend rates of cockroach density were more than or equal to 70% after 2 weeks.Conclusion The gel bait has a good effect for killing cockroach.
Approach to Myopathies

This chapter provides guidance in how to approach a patient with a suspected myopathy and should in most cases lead to a diagnosis or at least a diagnostic class of myopathy. This textbook has chapters covering all but the rarest types of myopathies and can provide further direction on the workup of specific myopathies. Each of the diagnostic steps – namely, the clinical evaluation, EMG, biopsy, and histological interpretation – involves many features which can be suggestive of certain myopathies, without being definitively diagnostic. To capture and synthesize all the information from each diagnostic step, the workup is ideally performed by the same neuromuscular physician who can perform all three steps. At many institutions this is not possible, and when a team of physicians is used for the workup, then close communication between the neurologist, electromyographer, surgeon, and pathologist is critical. Problems will arise if the referring and performing physicians do not know what questions can be answered by the EMG or how EMG results might shift the odds of diseases in the differential. Likewise the muscle biopsy needs to be performed with knowledge of what muscles were studied by EMG and which muscles will provide the most histological information. The muscle tissue samples need to be big enough and handled appropriately to allow for any preconceived testing. Lastly, the clinical information is critical for the correct interpretation of the muscle histology. When integrated with all the relevant clinical information, the evaluation of muscle histology is more likely to yield a correct diagnosis.
Witness Waiver of the Fifth Amendment Privilege

This Article addresses the often-criticized and frequently ridiculed practice of stating only one's name and address when called to the witness stand. This practice has its origins in the United States Supreme Court decision of Rogers v. United States, which held that when a witness discloses any incriminating fact he waives the Fifth Amendment privilege as to all details about that fact. This Article explores the rationales underlying Rogers, its practical scope and limitations, and a recently developed alternative test for evaluating whether a witness has waived the Fifth Amendment privilege as a result of prior incriminating statements. It also proposes a test for testimonial waivers that gives effect to the Fifth Amendment privilege and enables witnesses to comprehend the consequences of their actions before incriminating themselves.
How People Change

It is possible to argue that change lies at the heart of psychology. Certainly, for clinical psychology, a discipline devoted to selected effective interventions that are designed to produce salutory change, the course and nature of change is a central issue. Before we examine how people change, we might address the question of whether they change at all. Certainly, people do change their behaviors and their attitudes, but do they change feelings, values, character traits, or other more substantial features? Probably, at times, but not easily and not quickly. What we have in this volume is a series of accounts of change, where it occurs, under what circumstances, and how it is best understood and explained. I would like to indicate the conclusions I have drawn from the chapters in this volume, not necessarily the conclusions they have drawn, or even would agree with, but the thoughts stimulated in me by exposure to this spectrum of presentations:
North American Energy Independence and its Impact on U.S. National Security

This Article discusses the impacts of American energy independence on U.S. national security interests, analyzing the impacts thereof on various regions around the world.
Impact of Delivery Modality, Student GPA, and Time-Lapse since High School on Successful Completion of College-Level Math after Taking Developmental Math.

This study considered whether delivery modality, student GPA, or time since high school affected whether 290 students who had completed a developmental math series as a community college were able to successfully complete college-level math. The data used in the study was comprised of a 4-year period historical student data from Odessa College based on the completion of the developmental math courses, Introductory Algebra and Intermediate Algebra, and subsequent completion a college-level math course. Through an ex-post facto design with logistic regression analysis, the results revealed that GPA was a predictor (p = 1.56 x 10 -9 ) of completing a college-level math course with a C or better. However, the delivery mode of developmental math (p = .456) and time lapse since completing high school (p = .200) were not found to be predictors of college math completion with a C or better. Although online education continues to be an area of concern in higher education, this study’s results reveal there are other variables that may affect successful completion of a college-level course, with this study finding that for every 1-point increase in college GPA, students were 3.64 times more likely to complete college-level math with a C or better.
Mammary Ductal Environment Is Necessary for Faithful Maintenance of Estrogen Signaling in ER+ Breast Cancer

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sflomos et al. (2016) describe a robust preclinical animal model of ER+ breast cancer. The authors identify the critical role of the breast microenvironment in determining hormone response of ER+ breast cancer cells and in driving the luminal phenotype of breast cancer.
The Distribution of a Stream-breeding Salamander, Desmognathus ocoee, in Terrestrial Habitat Suggests the Ecological Importance of Low-order Streams

Small headwater streams are a common feature of many forested landscapes, and their integrity is considered critical to the maintenance of water quality and biodiversity within broader drainage networks. Although riparian buffer zones are often established to limit disturbance to stream ecosystems from human land use, various buffer zone management strategies may provide effective protection to certain aquatic or semi-aquatic species while only encompassing a portion of core habitat for other species. Thus, an improved understanding of species distributions within riparian forests can be useful for predicting the overall effectiveness of various forest management practices. In this study, we conducted area-constrained surveys for salamanders at 16 plots within terrestrial habitat. We then employed an information-theoretic (AIC) approach to model selection to quantify the distribution of aquatic-breeding Ocoee Salamanders, Desmognathus ocoee, within terrestrial habitat as a function of stream length, width...
Copper, molybendum and zinc interrelationships in rats and swine.

Summary and ConclusionsSubstantial increases in tissue copper concentrations and radiocopper accumulation resulted when a: level of 1000 p.p.m. of molybdenum as sodium molybdate was fed to rats and...
Causation and Counterfactual Dependence Reconsidered

Analyse des notions d'independance, de dependance contrefactuelle et de causation dans la theorie simplifiee de la causalite (L) inspiree de la theorie contrafactuelle de D. Lewis. L'A. etudie le probleme du miracle et de la prediction, de la similitude des mondes possibles et de l'asymetrie de la causation, dans le cadre d'une version restreinte de L
Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization (OWFLO) Project: Preliminary Results

Optimizing the layout of an offshore wind farm presents a significa nt engineering challenge. Most of the optimization literature to date has focused on land -based wind farms, rather than on offshore farms. Typically, energy production is the metric by which a candidate layout is evaluated. The Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization (OWFLO) project instead uses the levelized production cost as the metric in order to account for the significant roles factors such as support structure cost and operation and maintenance (O&M) play in the design of an offshore wind farm. The objective of the project is to pinpoint the major economic hurdles present for offshore wind farm developers by creating an analysis tool that unites offshore turbine micrositing criteria with efficient optimization algorithms. This tool will then be use d to evaluate the effects of factors such as distance from shore and water depth on the economic feasibility of offshore wind energy. The project combines an energy production model —taking into account wake effects, electrical line losses, and turbine avai lability —with offshore wind farm component cost models. The components modeled include the rotor -nacelle assembly, support structure, electrical interconnection, as well as O&M, installation, and decommissioning costs. The models account for the key cost drivers, which include turbine size and rating, water depth, distance from shore, soil type, and wind and wave conditions. When integrated within an appropriate optimization routine, these component models work together to better reflect the real -world c onditions and constraints unique to individual offshore sites. The OWFLO project considers several optimization algorithms —including heuristic and genetic methods —to minimize the cost of energy while maximizing the energy production of the wind farm. Par ticular attention has been paid to the results of recent European studies, including the ENDOW and DOWEC projects. This paper summarizes the initial results from this project. A comparison of model results and data from the Middelgrunden offshore wind far m is presented. The overall energy and cost of energy estimations compare well with the real data, but further improvements to the models are planned. A summary of the on -going and future phases of the project is also presented.
A checklist for evaluation of HIV-infected patients.

PreviewTo aid in making care of HIV-infected patients part of your office routine, Dr Coodley presents here a checklist that combines the various clinical aspects of initial management. Covering the steps from the history to plans for follow-up, this article should allay anxiety and promote confidence in your entire staff by explaining the necessary basics in a simple-to-read format.
Renal functions and clinical disorders in the neonate.

In the course of treating an infant with various clinical disorders, a physician may encounter complications arising from the limitation of the infant’s renal functions. Also, problems may result from specific effects of a primary disorder on the neonatal kidneys. Developmental aspects of renal functions and conditions that may affect the kidney are discussed.
Sustainable Engineering Economic and Profitability Analysis

Abstract The four pillars of sustainability analysis are energy, efficiency, environment, and society. As energy and efficiency are automatically taken into consideration while performing economic sustainability analysis that is routinely done, special emphasis is provided in this chapter on environmental and social sustainability analysis. Even though there are a number of measures that have been proposed for evaluating environmental and social sustainability, the leading measures that can be evaluated at the design stage are discussed here. A number of issues in the existing approaches, such as limitations of various measures and proposed approaches to combine various sustainability measures, are discussed. In this chapter, we have tried to highlight where the future research can be beneficial in this area. Finally, the bioethanol production process by corn dry grinding and wet milling technologies is considered as an example. Technoeconomic analysis, environmental performance analysis, and social criteria evaluation for these two potential technologies are performed to select the superior technology in terms of sustainability.
Training Computers to See Internet Pornography: Gender and Sexual Discrimination in Computer Vision Science:

This article critically examines computer vision–based pornography filtering (CVPF), a subfield in computer science seeking to train computers on how to recognize the difference between digital por...
Incidence and Adverse Prognostic Implications of Histopathologic Organ Invasion in Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcoma.

Background The incidence of histopathologic organ invasion (HOI) in retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is not well described. We reviewed our experience to investigate the rate and prognostic implications of HOI. Study Design Patients with primary RPS who underwent surgery at our institution were reviewed. Histopathologic organ invasion was defined as microscopic organ invasion confirmed by re-review of pathology slides by an expert sarcoma pathologist. Impact of HOI on the crude cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, and overall survival rates was analyzed. Results Between 2002 and 2011, one hundred and eighteen patients underwent resection for primary RPS; 99 had at least 1 organ resected and, among those, HOI was present in 58% (57 of 99). Among the 77 patients with the 3 most common histologies, rates of HOI were 61% for dedifferentiated liposarcoma, 56% for leiomyosarcoma, and 40% for well-differentiated liposarcoma. In this subset, HOI was associated with no difference in 2-year crude cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrence (48% vs 47%; p = 0.55) or distant recurrence (46% vs 22%; p = 0.2). With a median follow-up of 33.6 months, HOI was an independent predictor of worse 5-year overall survival (34% vs 62%; p = 0.04; hazard ratio = 2.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.4; p = 0.02). Conclusions The likelihood of organ invasion can be predicted by histologic subtype of primary RPS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that HOI is associated with worse overall survival. These data can help guide the minimal extent of surgical resection required for RPS.
Peritectic and Monotectic Solidification

Peritectic solidification is very common in the solidification of metallic alloys. Typical examples of systems with peritectic solidification include Fe-C, Fe-Ni, Cu-Sn and Cu-Zn alloys. A schematic phase diagram with peritectic solidification is presented in Figure 10.1. The different reactions corresponding to various compositions are also shown.
Biomechanical forces in tissue engineered tumor models

Abstract Solid tumors are complex three-dimensional (3D) networks of cancer and stromal cells within a dynamic extracellular matrix. Monolayer cultures fail to recapitulate the native microenvironment and therefore are poor candidates for pre-clinical drug studies and studying pathways in cancer. The tissue engineering toolkit allows us to make models that better recapitulate the 3D architecture present in tumors. Moreover, the role of the mechanical microenvironment, including matrix stiffness and shear stress from fluid flow, is known to contribute to cancer progression and drug resistance. We review recent developments in tissue engineered tumor models with a focus on the role of the biomechanical forces and propose future considerations to implement to improve physiological relevance of such models.
Financialization, Shareholder Orientation and the Cash Holdings of US Corporations

ABSTRACTGrowth in the cash holdings of US nonfinancial corporations (NFCs) has received considerable attention in recent years. These cash holdings constitute a primary component of the growth in firm-level financial asset holdings often highlighted in analyses of the ‘financialization’ of NFCs. In this article, I use a panel of US corporations to empirically analyze two links between corporate cash holdings and the literature on financialization. First, I find a small but positive relationship between cash holdings and shareholder value ideology among large corporations. I capture the growing entrenchment of shareholder ideology using average industry-level stock repurchases, to proxy for industry-level norms encouraging managers to target stock price-based indicators of firm performance. Second, I find a positive relationship between a firm's cash holdings and a measure of the differential it earns between interest income and expense. Given that cash is classified with short-term marketable (and, theref...
Classification of Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction and Congenital Biliary Dilatation

The Committee on Diagnostic Criteria of the Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (PBM) proposed a PBM classification that was simple to use in clinical practice in 2015. The Committee’s classification divided PBM into the following four types: (a) stenotic type, (b) non-stenotic type, (c) dilated channel type, and (d) complex type.
Water-based binary polyol process for the controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles inhibiting human and foodborne pathogenic bacteria

The polyol process is a widely used strategy for producing nanoparticles from various reducible metallic precursors; however, it requires a bulk polyol liquid reaction with additional protective agents at high temperatures. Here, we report a water-based binary polyol process using low concentrations of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (100 000 g mol−1, 2 wt%) and ethylene glycol (5 wt%). The entangled conformation of the polyethylene glycol in water and the increased number of reducing sites by the ethylene glycol cooperatively contributed to the stability and effectiveness of reduction reaction and particle growth, producing uniformly sized silver nanoparticles (15.8 ± 2.2 nm) with no additional protective agents at a mild temperature of 80 °C. The measurement of particle size throughout the reaction and the dependence of the optical density of a silver colloidal solution on the concentration of ethylene glycol revealed three stages of particle growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the purified silver nanoparticles against four representative human and foodborne pathogenic bacteria—S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, and E. coli—were 4.7, 2.3, 2.3, and 1.2 μg mL−1, respectively.
Precision Digital Dilatometry: A Microcomputer-Based Approach to Sintering Studies

Representing significant advances in precision, atmosphere control, programming flexibility, experimental convenience and rate-controlled sintering capability, a new University-constructed instrument designed for operation to 1873K incorporates evolutionary thermal and mechanical features with novel microcomputer-based functions for measurement, control, data logging, data reduction, and graphical data representation. Principal design features, hardware selections, and performance data are reviewed; rationales for software development are discussed and typical sintering applications shown.
Discovering Polarity for Ambiguous and Objective Adjectives through Adverbial Modification.

The field of opinion mining has emerged in recent years as an exciting challenge for computational linguistics: investigating how humans express subjective judgments through linguistic means paves the way for automatic recognition and summarization of opinionated texts, with the possibility of determining the polarities and strengths of opinions asserted. Sentiment lexicons are basic resources for investigating the orientation of a text that can be performed considering polarized words included in it but they encode the polarity of word types instead that the polarity of word tokens. The expression of an opinion through the choice of lexical items is context-sensitive and sentiment lexicons could be integrated with syntagmatic patterns that emerge as significant with statistical analyses. In this paper it will be proposed a corpus analysis of adverbially modified ambiguous (e.g. fast, rich) and objective adjectives (e.g. chemical, political) - that can be occasionally exploited to express a subjective judgments -. Comparing polarity encoded in sentiment lexicons and the results of a logistic regression analysis, the role of adverbial cues for polarity detection will be evaluated on the basis of a small sample of sentences manually annotated.
Conductance AFM Measurements of Transport Through Nanotubes and Nanotube Networks

Conducting scanning probe microscopy provides a powerful tool for measuring electric transport through small surface features. In this chapter, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube networks are analyzed with a scanning probe microscopy method that employs solid metal tips to provide improved electrical contact to the nanotubes. The study reveals paths of electrical transport through carbon nanotubes and provides a means to differentiate between semiconducting and metallic nanotubes. Finally, high-resolution images provide insight into the conductance decay around nanotube junctions.
Generation of Microbaroms by Deep-Ocean Hurricanes

Infrasound signals generated by hurricanes, appearing in the microbarom frequency band, often arrive along a bearing that does not point toward the eye of the hurricane where the winds are strongest. In general, the microbarom source region appears to trail the center of the storm. This article proposes that microbarom generation occurs in an “interaction region” wherein the concentric hurricane wavefield meets and opposes the ambient ocean swell field. This hypothesis is supported by infrasound data from Typhoon Usagi (2007) and results from the WaveWatch 3 ocean wave model.
Empathy and the Creative University

Empathy is not simply a matter of trying to imagine what others are going through, but having the will to muster enough courage to do something about it. In a way, empathy is predicated upon hope.
Toward organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite laser diodes (Conference Presentation)

Electrically-pumped lasing remains an elusive grand challenge for the organic and thin film electronics community. Recently, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising gain media for tunable, solution-processed semiconductor lasers, sparking interest in the use of these materials for an eventual diode laser. This talk will focus on recent progress toward this goal, including the demonstration of optically-pumped, continuous-wave lasing from methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as well as an investigation into the nature of quantum efficiency roll-off in MAPbI3 light emitting diodes operated at current densities exceeding 300 A/cm2.
Collaborative governance of public health in low- and middle-income countries: lessons from research in public administration

Multisectoral governance, one of many terms used to describe collaborative, cross-boundary approaches to solving complex public problems, is being applied broadly in several policy arenas, most notably in environmental and natural resource management, but increasingly in public health in multiple settings and scales around the globe. This paper explores how to transfer knowledge about collaborative governance to challenging public health settings found in low-income and moderate-income countries (LMICs). This paper presents a general background on collaborative governance, summarises some relevant empirical findings on the performance of collaborative governance and lays out some of the challenges and considerations for thinking about improving collaborative public health governance in LMICs.
Uterine Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Life-Threatening Cause of Vaginal Bleeding in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Vaginal bleeding is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department (ED); life-threatening hemorrhage is rare. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of vaginal bleeding that is most likely to present primarily to EDs, given its delayed postpartum or postoperative presentation. Case Report A 25-year-old female gravida two, para one, who was 19 days post dilation and evacuation for an elective termination of a pregnancy at 20 weeks, presented to the ED with profuse vaginal bleeding. She was hypotensive and tachycardic at presentation, requiring resuscitation with 0.9% normal saline and transfusions of packed red blood cells. Transvaginal ultrasound completed in the ED demonstrated a pulsatile mass in the cervix with internal “ying-yang” flow on Doppler images, suggestive of a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm within the cervix. The patient underwent emergent uterine artery embolization with resolution of bleeding and improvement in her hemodynamic status. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? UAP is an uncommon cause of vaginal bleeding, but UAP rupture can be life-threatening. UAP is an important differential diagnosis for vaginal bleeding, particularly in the postpartum or postoperative setting. Delaying diagnosis may worsen bleeding in the setting of a ruptured UAP if treatment is pursued for alternative diagnosis; for example, treating retained products of conception with a dilation and curettage. Being aware of UAP and how to diagnose it will allow early proper treatment and more favorable patient outcomes.
Transformative and Transformed: Examining the Critical Potential of Service Learner Positional Identities

Critical service learning requires that students grapple with power even as they negotiate with discourses that frame service as transformative for others, without the reciprocal effect of service ...
Mechanism and Generality of Stimulus Significance Coding in a Mammalian Model System

Electrolytic lesions of the anteroventral (AV) nucleus of the thalamus impaired significantly retention performance of rabbits in a discriminative avoidance task. In addition the lesions abolished the excitatory, discriminative neuronal discharges which had developed in the cingulate cortex during the course of behavioral acquisition, prior to the induction of the lesions. These results are discussed in relation to a model of cingulate cortical and anterior thalamic functioning, derived from past studies. Two additional studies are presented, which had the objective of determining whether the neuronal encoding processes previously observed in the cingulate cortex and in the AV nucleus occur as well in other linked cortical and thalamic systems (the prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus, and the auditory cortex and medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus). The overall pattern of results suggested a sequential involvement of these major brain systems in associative processes during the course of behavioral acquisition. Certain components of the systems studied (e.g., the ventral division of the medial geniculate nucleus and the medial division of the mediodorsal nucleus) did not manifest neuronal encoding processes related to the discriminative task.
Listeria monocytogenes at the human-wildlife interface: black bears (Ursus americanus) as potential vehicles for Listeria.

Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the foodborne illness listeriosis, which can result in severe symptoms and death in susceptible humans and other animals. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and isolates from food and food processing, and clinical sources have been extensively characterized. However, limited information is available on L. monocytogenes from wildlife, especially from urban or suburban settings. As urban and suburban areas are expanding worldwide, humans are increasingly encroaching into wildlife habitats, enhancing the frequency of human-wildlife contacts and associated pathogen transfer events. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in 231 wild black bear capture events between 2014 and 2017 in urban and suburban sites in North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and United States, with samples derived from 183 different bears. Of the 231 captures, 105 (45%) yielded L. monocytogenes either alone or together with other Listeria. Analysis of 501 samples, primarily faeces, rectal and nasal swabs for Listeria spp., yielded 777 isolates, of which 537 (70%) were L. monocytogenes. Most L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited serotypes commonly associated with human disease: serotype 1/2a or 3a (57%), followed by the serotype 4b complex (33%). Interestingly, approximately 50% of the serotype 4b isolates had the IVb-v1 profile, associated with emerging clones of L. monocytogenes. Thus, black bears may serve as novel vehicles for L. monocytogenes, including potentially emerging clones. Our results have significant public health implications as they suggest that the ursine host may preferentially select for L. monocytogenes of clinically relevant lineages over the diverse listerial populations in the environment. These findings also help to elucidate the ecology of L. monocytogenes and highlight the public health significance of the human-wildlife interface.
Position-Velocity/Position Based Robust Control for Shared Autonomous System Over Open Communication Networks-Experimental Results

This paper experimentally compares position-velocity/position and interaction reflection based bilateral shared control telemanipulation system over open internet networks with the presence of delay and uncertainty. The shared control algorithm for master and slave manipulator is designed by using two classes of signals: delayed position and position-velocity. The shared control for the master manipulator is developed by comprising the delayed position-velocity and position of the slave with the delayed interaction reflection from the interaction between slave and remote environment. The shared control for slave manipulator is developed by using delayed position-velocity and position of the master manipulator. Robust adaptation learning laws are employed locally with the input of the master and slave manipulator to estimate the interaction properties between human and master manipulator and between slave and remote environment. The delayed estimated interaction between slave and remote environment reflects to the operators hand in order to adjust with the estimated interaction properties between master and human operator. Robust and adaptive control theory used to learn and compensate uncertainty associated with the modeling errors and other external disturbance. Lyapunov method is used to show the convergence of the closed loop system with the presence of time varying delay and uncertainty. The test results are presented to compare the effectiveness of the position-velocity and position based robust control interface for real-time bilateral telemanipulation applications.
Distal radial artery (Snuffbox) access for intracranial aneurysm treatment using the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device

Abstract Preliminary experience with distal radial artery (dRA) access for diagnostic cerebral angiography and some neurointerventional procedures has proved to be promising with good technical results and a reliable safety profile. Vascular access via the dRA may further improve minimally invasive treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Between July 2019 and June 2020 we identified 11 patients (9 females) with a mean age of 63.5 years who underwent WEB device placement for treatment of their intracranial aneurysm via the dRA approach. The mean aneurysm size (largest diameter) was 6.7 mm. One patient required conversion to femoral access due to severe brachial artery fibromuscular dysplasia. Placement of the WEB device was successful in all other cases via dRA approach. In all but one case, a low profile triaxial catheter system with the 6F Benchmark guide catheter (Penumbra) and 5F Sofia distal access catheter (Microvention) were used. No access related complications were observed. The combination of the intrasaccular WEB device and dRA access represents an ideal approach which offers operators a low risk vascular access and high procedural success by maintaining the ability to precisely place and manipulate the device using low-profile catheter systems. At the same time, this approach offers patients the most minimally invasive experience currently available for treatment of intracranial aneurysms with quick postprocedural recovery, minimal restrictions and low risk for access site complications.
Some adventures in the search for a modified gravity explanation of cosmic acceleration

The discovery of cosmic acceleration has raised the intriguing possibility that we are witnessing the first breakdown of General Relativity on cosmological scales. In this article I will briefly review current attempts to construct a theoretically consistent and observationally viable modification of gravity that is capable of describing the accelerating universe. I will discuss f(R) models, and their obvious extensions, and the DGP model as an example of extra-dimensional implementations. I will then briefly describe the Galileon models and their very recent multifield and curved space extensions - a class of four-dimensional effective field theories encoding extra dimensional modifications to gravity. This article is dedicated to the career of my friend and former colleague, Joshua Goldberg, and is written to appear in his festschrift.
The Role of the Kurtosis Metric in Evaluating the Risk of Occupational Hearing Loss Associated with Complex Noise - Zhejiang Province, China, 2010-2019.

What is already known about this topic? Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been the second most common occupational disease in China. Noise energy is the main risk factor for occupational NIHL. Evidence shows the temporal structure of noise (as indicated by kurtosis metric) contribute to the development of NIHL. However, the role of the kurtosis metric in evaluating the risk of occupational NIHL associated with complex noise has been rarely reported. What is added by this report? Noise temporal structure (as indicated by kurtosis) is an important risk factor for occupational NIHL in addition to noise energy. Kurtosis can be used to quantify complex noise exposure. A combination of noise kurtosis and noise energy can effectively evaluate the risk of occupational hearing loss associated with complex noise. What are the implications for public health practice? Considering the effect of noise temporal structure on occupational NIHL, the existing international noise exposure standards (e.g. measurement method and noise exposure limit) for complex noise should be modified based on noise temporal structure. More effort is needed to reduce noise exposure, improve health screening, and monitor occupational NIHL.
Magnetic ionic liquids as microRNA extraction solvents and additives for the exponential amplification reaction

Abstract The detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) from highly complex matrices has become an area of immense interest as their characterization in biological samples has been utilized for disease diagnosis and body fluid identification. However, conventional northern blotting miRNA detection lacks the sensitivity required to detect circulating miRNAs. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction-based methods for miRNA detection require modified oligonucleotides that are difficult to design. Exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) is an isothermal amplification method used for miRNA detection that is simple to design but suffers from non-specific amplification that masks low concentration miRNAs. Previous studies have shown that magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) are a promising alternative to traditional nucleic acid extraction methods capable of preconcentrating DNA from complex matrices. In this study, three hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were investigated as EXPAR additives and miRNA extraction solvents. The addition of MIL to the EXPAR buffer decreased the background signal from non-specific amplification and increased the reaction rate. Reactions containing MIL could detect miRNA at concentration levels down to 10 aM. In comparison, reactions that did not contain MIL could not discriminate 10 fM lethal-7a (let-7a) standards from the no trigger control (NTC). All three MILs extracted miRNA from 2-fold diluted plasma, artificial urine, and artificial saliva with only a 1 min dispersion step. By integrating the miRNA-enriched MIL into the EXPAR buffer, the extraction and detection of femtomolar concentrations of miRNA required only 10 min. In contrast, conventional spin column kits require at least 20 min to isolate miRNA, indicating that a dispersive MIL-based extraction is ideal for high throughput analysis of miRNA.