cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of clients coping with infidelity: An introduction

Intimate emotional and sexual relationships outside of marriage or a committed relationship occur with high frequency in both community and, particularly, clinical populations. Clinicians are likely to confront infidelity not only among couples they treat, but also among individuals struggling with their own or their partner's affair and among children contending with consequences of a parent's infidelity. This introduction highlights special concerns related to treating individuals, couples, or families dealing with infidelity addressed in this issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session. The articles comprising this issue advance explicit guidelines and practice recommendations for assessment, intervention, and ethical conduct. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1367–1370, 2005.
The preparation and ion-exchange properties of zirconium sulphophosphonates

A number of layered zirconium phosphite arylphosphonate and zirconium phosphate arylphosphonate mixed derivatives have been prepared. These compounds were readily sulfonated in fuming sulfuric acid and the resultant sulfonates behaved as strong-acid ion exchangers. In the case where the aryl group bridged across layers, a non-swelling exchanger resulted, and these solids showed ion exclusion towards large complexes. They also exhibited the selectivity sequences Li+ > Na+ Ca2+ < Ba2+. In the exchanger in which the layers were not connected, large degrees of swelling, to the point of colloid formation, were observed. As a consequence, the rates of exchange were very high. The non-crosslinked exchanger showed increased selectivity for larger cations. In the case of coordination complexes the increased selectivity was remarkable and may stem from a combination of favorable electrostatic and steric factors.
Ethanol-induced changes in morphology and strength of femurs of rats.

Chronic ingestion of ethanol resulted in ultrastructural and mechanical changes in rat femurs. Scanning electron microscopy of the distal end of the femur revealed that the trabeculae of bones from ethanol-fed rats were thinner, more columnar, and more extensive than those from control rats. Three-point bending tests of the rat femurs showed that the maximum force or so-called “strength” required to break the bone was less in ethanol- than in control-fed animals. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the strength required to break the femur and the dose of ethanol calculated on a body weight basis. For the first time our study presents quantitative proof that a relationship exists between bone strength and the consumption of ethanol in rats. The study revealed that ethanol consumption resulted in a weaker femur compared to controls. We suggest that a common mechanism may be responsible for the decreased bone strength of ethanol-fed rats and the increased incidence of fractures in human alcoholics.
Scalar-meson model and radiative decays of the K meson

We investigate the role which scalar mesons play in the radiative decays of the $K$ meson. A scalar-meson model involving the $\ensuremath{\delta}(980)$ is proposed to describe the three- and four-body $K$ decays ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The calculation of the decay rates is based on the most recent experimental data on $\ensuremath{\delta}(980)$ and on the Moshe-Singer version of the weak nonleptonic Hamiltonian. For the decays $K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, the results of the calculation are compared with the predictions of various other models as well as with the present experimental data.
Clinical observations on the diuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide.

CLINICAL MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of hydrochlorothiazide has been studied in a total of thirty-two patients, twenty-six from the clinic or ward population of the House of the Good Samaritan and six from the Cape Cod Hospital. Their ages ranged from five to seventy-six years with a mean of forty-four. Six were males and twenty-six were females. Table I, listing patients according to diagnosis and cause of fluid retention, shows all but three patients had congestive heart failure. The thirty-two patients were observed for a total of 2,741 patient-days with a mean of 85.7 days per patient. Within this observation period hydrochlorothiazide was administered for a total of 1,949 patientdays with a mean of 60.9 days per patient. The dose ranged from 25 to 200 mg. daily. Most patients received 100 to 150 mg. per day in divided doses. Ambulatory Patients: Twenty-six patients were examined weekly on an out-patient basis to evaluate their congestive heart failure. Special forms recording history, physical findings and laboratory data were completed each time. In addition, each patient was asked to collect, measure and record the daily urine output on a specially prepared sheet. About half of the patients cooperated in this task with a high order of accuracy well corroborated by changes in weight. Body weight and average daily urine output, when available, were the chief measures of the degree of fluid retention. Plan of Diuretic Administration: Because most of the ambulatory patients suffered from severe congestive failure and lived at some distance from the hos-
Unhinged: Love, Marriage, and the Continuing War over Family Values:

cey would like to see marriage and love "unhitched." Actually, Stacey would like to see marriage keelhauled, but that would have been an unnecessarily provocative title. Many readers probably think of marriage as a relatively benign institution—one, in fact, with many positive virtues. Why does Sta cey have such antipathy for marriage? Feminist scholars have traditionally taken a dim view of marriage, viewing it as the fundamental site of women's oppression. Of course, given the substantial increases in women's education, occupational status, and earnings during the last half century, marriage is a lot less patriarchal today than it used to be. Indeed, the continuing shift toward gender equality in marriage (and society more generally) is feminism's great achievement. Gender equality, however, is not Stacey's primary concern. Stacey sees two problems with marriage. First, people's needs for eroticism (sexual variety) and domesticity (long-term stable partnerships) are in tension. Many, perhaps most, people are not monogamous by nature. Consequently, expecting them to remain in life-long monogamous marriages inevitably leads to high levels of adultery and divorce. As she states, "The modern, romantic, companionate union... represents a quixotic effort to plant durable domestic turf in desire's rocky soil. History teaches that this is a Utopian, or perhaps just a naive, strategy" (pp. 203-4). If these two aspects of human nature are contrary to one another, then what are the options for those who mar ry? According to Stacey, you can either cheat on your spouse, or you can have a sexually frustrated, passionless life. This is a grim choice, indeed. The second problem involves the privi leged status of marriage in American society, where most people view it as the optimal basis for family life. But conferring a special
Serial discrimination-reversal learning with and without errors by the California sea lion

A sea lion under water performed virtually without errors on a series of three form-discrimination reversals. Significant training requirements were the combining of a previously well-established size cue preference with the nonpreferred form cue, followed by the gradual reduction of the size cue until it was completely eliminated. Orienting responses reached a peak and then decreased during progressive-dimensional-change training, suggesting critical stages in the transition of attention from the size dimension to the form dimension. Further experimentation revealed that intensive training during these critical stages obviated the need to reduce very gradually the size cue. Without special training sea lions make perseverative errors on a series of form-discrimination reversals. “Emotional” or nontest-oriented behavior was associated only with the occurrence of successive errors.
New issues and opportunities in service design research

In an era of intense high-speed competition, offering to the marketplace a sustainable and profitable value proposition that effectively leverages a firm’s financial, human, and operational resources is critical to both established and emerging businesses. To complicate matters further, in emerging industries such as e-services, customers often do not know what they want or need, consequently limiting a the company’s ability to engineer market-winning product–service solutions. While companies develop their own strategies to compete effectively in the “new” new economy, this competitive environment offers many opportunities to scholars interest in studying services. For example, should an enterprise merely try to adapt to the e-services marketplace? Should it keep juggling with the endless list of alternative service offerings? Or should it strive to shape the future of the business environment within which it operates by offering innovative product–service bundles?
Modulating synoptic scale convective activity and boundary layer dissipation in the IPESD models of the Madden–Julian oscillation

Abstract A self-contained derivation of the IPESD models [Majda, A.J., Klein, R., 2003. Systematic multi-scale models for the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci. 60, 393–408] governing synoptic and planetary scale tropical flows is provided. This derivation demonstrates the analytic tractability of the model and the effect of zonally and meridionally tilted synoptic scale heating on the forcing of planetary scale flows through upscale momentum and temperature fluxes. Exploiting the analytic tractability of the models, different aspects of the planetary scale forcing are traced to meridional and vertical tilts in the synoptic scale heating profile. Variants of the archetypal IPESD models for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) presented in Majda and Biello [Majda, A.J., Biello, J.A., 2004. A multi-scale model for tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 4736–4741; Biello, J.A., Majda, A.J., 2005. A new multi-scale model for the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 1694–1721] are studied. In addition to vertically tilted synoptic scale heating, the models discussed herein incorporate upscale zonal momentum flux due to meridional flux convergence arising from meridionally tilted heating. The effect of a boundary layer momentum drag at the base of the free troposphere is also systematically incorporated into the IPESD models. Both meridional tilts and lower boundary layer drag are shown to meridionally confine the MJO westerly wind burst and drive a planetary scale barotropic flow. Meridionally tilted heating can also greatly strengthen the wind burst at the base of the troposphere and modify its vertical profile. The competing effects of meridionally tilted, and off-equatorial heating can also significantly weaken the MJO winds. Appendices are provided which discuss generalizations and a solution algorithm for the IPESD models.
Air conditioner optimal scheduling using best response techniques

With the development of demand side management for future smart grid applications, residential loads are expected to provide elastic response to fluctuating generation. The smart meter of a household can implement such functionality by using various control schemes or algorithms developed to schedule the use of residential loads with optimal customer and utility benefits. In this paper, the energy consumption of an air conditioner is modeled as a function of temperature, and the relationship between the energy cost and the temperature set-point is investigated. Then, to maximize the customer's benefit, a schedule optimization algorithm, using best response technique, is proposed. The performance and improvement of this algorithm are evaluated at the end of the paper.
On the asymptotics of the on-diagonal Szegö kernel of certain Reinhardt domains

We compute the leading and subleading terms in the asymptotic expansion of the Szego kernel on the diagonal of a class of pseudoconvex Reinhardt domains whose boundaries are endowed with a general class of smooth measures. We do so by relating it to a Bergman kernel over projective space.
Review: Catherine Cole, "Performing South Africa's Truth Commission: Stages of Transition"

Performing South Africa's Truth Commission: Stages of Transition Catherine M. Cole Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2010, 227 pp. + xxvii (pbk) 978-0-253-22145-2 Over the past several years, ...
An exploratory study using computerized speech recognition for screening depressive symptoms

Abstract This exploratory study tested a computerized speech recognition application for screening depressive symptoms. A “talking” prototype administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies — Depression (CES-D) scale. The study compared computerized and written forms of the CES-D with an adult population. A counterbalanced design controlled for order of administration between the two methods. A sample of 68 participants completed both forms of the CES-D and a computer anxiety scale. The results suggested that there were no significant differences between the means and variances of the two CES-D methods. Equivalent forms reliability and internal consistency estimates of the two CES-D forms were very high. Correlations between the two CES-D methods and a computer anxiety scale did not differ significantly. The preference rates of the two CES-D methods were not significantly different.
Application Of Acoustic Microscopy To The Study Of Muscle Mechanics

Information concerning muscle mechanics has been derived largely from measurements obtained by attaching force transducers on coordinate systems to the ends of the muscle, thus the information derived is the integrated result of all the properties of all of the components of the muscle distributed along its length. The acoustic microscope is an instrument which may be applied to the study of muscle mechanics and instrumented with force transducers and quick stretch and release servos. This permits measurement of transverse properties as well as changes along the length of the muscle. There are several kinds of information which can be obtained using such instrumentation. Operating in the interference mode, the microscope can be used to measure changes in transit time through the specimen which can be related to changes in the acoustic velocity which, in turn, can be related to the adiabatic bulk modulus of elasticity. Changes in the transmission can be related to local changes in viscosity of the muscle during contraction. The microscope can also be used to measure dimensions in the x-y plane and along the z axis. Using the line-scan technique, rapid changes can be recorded. The line-scan rate is 15,750 lines per second, which is sufficient for resolving details of the contractile event.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Catalytic selective reduction of NO with propylene over Cu-Al2O3 catalysts: influence of catalyst preparation method

Abstract NO reduction to N2 by C3H6 was investigated and compared over Cu-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by four different methods, namely, the conventional impregnation, co-precipitation, evaporation of a mixed aqueous solution, and xerogel methods. It was found that the catalyst preparation method as well as the Cu content exerts a significant influence on catalyst activity. For the catalysts prepared by the first three preparation methods, with the increase of Cu content from 5 to 15 wt%, the maximum NO reduction conversion decreased slightly, but the temperature for the maximum NO reduction also decreased. For the xerogel Cu-Al2O3, there was a significant decrease in NO reduction conversion with the increase of Cu content from 5 to 10 wt%. In the absence of water vapour, the Cu-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the impregnation method exhibited the highest activity toward NO reduction. The purity of alumina support was found to be a crucial factor to the activity of the Cu-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation. In the presence of water vapour, a substantial decrease in NO conversion was observed for the Cu-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by the first three methods, especially for the impregnated Cu-Al2O3 catalyst. In contrast, the presence of water vapour showed only a minor influence on the xerogel 5 wt% Cu-Al2O3 and it showed the highest activity for NO reduction in the presence of 20% water vapour. The xerogel 5 wt% Cu-Al2O3 catalyst was also found to be less affected by a 5 wt% sulfate deposition than the Cu-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by other methods.
Armalcolite stability as a function of pressure and oxygen fugacity

High-pressure experiments in a piston-cylinder apparatus with silver-palladium containers were conducted to study the stability of synthetic armalcolite, (Fe,Mg)Ti2O5, as a function of pressures up to 15 kbar at 1000, 1100, and 1200 C. Three armalcolite compositions were used, each with an initial Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio of 0.5. Composition I contained no zirconium, whereas compositions II and III were prepared with 4% and 10% by weight ZrO2. Difference in stability due to the presence or absence of Zr in these synthetic armalcolites is discussed. 4 wt% ZrO2 appears to saturate armalcolite at 1200 C and 1 atm. Zirconium is found to reduce armalcolite stability, but this effect is not great. The stability of armalcolite as a function of oxygen fugacity is determined thermogravimetrically at 1200 C and 1 atm. Knowledge of the range of oxygen fugacity at which armalcolite is stable and of the equilibrium oxide mineral assemblages outside this range provides important information about lunar cooling histories in terms of oxygen fugacity.
Further results on delay robustness of interconnected passive systems

We analyze the stability of networks of passive systems with time delays in the interconnections. Building upon previous work where we complemented the passivity property with a “roll-off” integral quadratic constraint (IQC), here we expand our results to state space models. We first demonstrate how to verify that a state space model satisfies passivity and roll-off IQCs when the equilibrium is not known. We then illustrate the result on an Internet congestion control problem.
Reconstruction of the Achilles tendon with a composite anterolateral thigh free flap with vascularized fascia lata: a case report.

Reconstruction of a segmental loss of the Achilles tendon combined with defects in soft-tissue coverage creates a challenge for the surgeon. We present the case of a patient who had combined loss of the Achilles tendon and overlying soft-tissue coverage. The patient was managed successfully with a single surgical procedure involving a composite anterolateral thigh free flap with vascularized fascia lata. The functional outcome of the reconstructed ankle and morbidity in the donor thigh were evaluated at one year with use of a kinetic dynamometer combined with magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he consented. A forty-eight-year-old man sustained a complete rupture of the left Achilles tendon during military service. Primary suture repair of the tendon was performed. Four months after that operation, a new rupture occurred when the patient returned to work, and a second tendon repair was performed to reconstruct the defect with the central part of the proximal part of the Achilles tendon (the Bosworth procedure). A large hematoma formed postoperatively, followed by skin necrosis, resulting in a 12-cm segmental tendon loss with an overlying soft-tissue defect measuring 8 × 3 cm. The wound site was debrided of all fibrous and necrotic tissue (Fig. 1). Because of the lack of suitable local tissue, a composite anterolateral thigh flap with attached vascularized fascia lata was harvested after a preoperative Doppler ultrasound examination. The main cutaneous perforator was located in the middle portion of a line between the anterior superior iliac spine and the lateral edge of the patella (Fig. 2). The skin paddle of the anterolateral thigh flap (17 × 8 cm) was designed to be slightly larger than the soft-tissue defect. It was harvested along with its vascular pedicle and a portion of the fascia …
Glycerol Monolaurate and Dodecylglycerol Effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 In Vitro and In Vivo

Background Glycerol monolaurate (GML), a 12 carbon fatty acid monoester, inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth and exotoxin production, but is degraded by S. aureus lipase. Therefore, dodecylglycerol (DDG), a 12 carbon fatty acid monoether, was compared in vitro and in vivo to GML for its effects on S. aureus growth, exotoxin production, and stability.
Structural effects of the binding of GTP to the wild-type and oncogenic forms of the ras-gene-encoded p21 proteins.

Molecular dynamics calculations have been performed to determine the average structures ofras-gene-encoded p21 proteins bound to GTP, i.e., the normal (wild-type) protein and two oncogenic forms of this protein, the Val 12- and Leu 61-p21 proteins. We find that the average structures for all of these proteins exhibit low coordinate fluctuations (which are highest for the normal protein), indicating convergence to specific structures. From previous dynamics calculations of the average structures of these proteins bound to GDP, major regional differences were found among these proteins (Monacoet al. (1995),J. Protein Chem., in press). We now find that the average structures of the oncogenic proteins are more similar to one another when the proteins are bound to GTP than when they are bound to GDP (Monacoet al. (1995),J. Protein Chem., in press). However, they still differ in structureat specific amino acid residues rather than in whole regions, in contradistinction to the results found for the p21-GDP complexes. Two exceptions are the regions 25–32, in anα-helical region, and 97–110. The two oncogenic (Val 12- and Leu 61-) proteins have similar structures which differ significantly in the region of residues 97–110. This region has recently been identified as being critical in the interaction of p21 with kinase target proteins. The differences in structure between the oncogenic proteins suggest the existence of more than one oncogenic form of the p21 protein that can activate different signaling pathways.
Charged particle mass and energy transport in a thermonuclear plasma

Abstract Transport equations for the mass and energy carried by charged particles in a thermonuclear plasma are derived and solved using S n techniques. Results are in good agreement with an analytic solution to a representative test problem.
Pion transverse charge density from timelike form factor data

The transverse charge density in the pion can be represented as a dispersion integral of the imaginary part of the pion form factor in the timelike region. This formulation incorporates information from ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation experiments and allows one to reconstruct the transverse density much more accurately than from the spacelike pion form factor data alone. We calculate the transverse density using an empirical parametrization of the timelike pion form factor and estimate that it is determined to an accuracy of $\ensuremath{\sim}10%$ at a distance $b\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, and significantly better at larger distances. The density is found to be close to that obtained from a zero-width $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson pole over a wide range and shows a pronounced rise at small distances. The resulting two-dimensional image of the fast-moving pion can be interpreted in terms of its partonic structure in QCD. We argue that the singular behavior of the charge density at the center requires a substantial presence of pointlike configurations in the pion's partonic wave function, which can be probed in other high-momentum transfer processes.
Robust unit commitment considering uncertain demand response

Abstract Although price responsive demand response has been widely accepted as playing an important role in the reliable and economic operation of power system, the real response from demand side can be highly uncertain due to limited understanding of consumers’ response to pricing signals. To model the behavior of consumers, the price elasticity of demand has been explored and utilized in both research and real practice. However, the price elasticity of demand is not precisely known and may vary greatly with operating conditions and types of customers. To accommodate the uncertainty of demand response, alternative unit commitment methods robust to the uncertainty of the demand response require investigation. In this paper, a robust unit commitment model to minimize the generalized social cost is proposed for the optimal unit commitment decision taking into account uncertainty of the price elasticity of demand. By optimizing the worst case under proper robust level, the unit commitment solution of the proposed model is robust against all possible realizations of the modeled uncertain demand response. Numerical simulations on the IEEE Reliability Test System show the effectiveness of the method. Compared to unit commitment with deterministic price elasticity of demand, the proposed robust model can reduce the average Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs) as well as the price volatility.
Forbidden glasses and the failure of fictive temperature

Traditional glass formation involves the cooling of a liquid at a rate fast enough to avoid crystallization. The glass transition process and the resulting glassy state can be modeled using the enthalpy landscape approach, which involves mapping the configurational space to a discrete set of basins and the connecting transition points. At equilibrium, the probability of occupying any basin is given by the Boltzmann distribution. Naively, one might expect that a nonequilibrium glassy system could form in any region of this probability space. In this paper, we show that only a small subset of the probability space is accessible to glasses formed by cooling from a melt. As a consequence, the physical properties of a glass are restricted to those corresponding to this limited region of phase space. For any realistic glass-forming system, the majority of phase space is forbidden, inaccessible from any thermal treatment path. In addition, we show that the fictive temperature description of the glassy state is valid only in the case of a simple two-basin landscape and cannot be applied to more complicated systems. In other words, the nonequilibrium state of a glass cannot be described in terms of any linear combination of equilibrium states.
Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis Co-existing With Aortic Valve Disease

Echocardiographic studies demonstrated the presence of co-existing idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) in six patients with aortic valve disease (four calcific aortic stenosis, two pure aortic incompetence). The characteristics of IHSS were a narrow left ventricular outflow tract, a systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve (SAM), and asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy. Large SAMs were observed in two patients with pure aortic incompetence and one with aortic stenosis. Relatively small, inconstant, and often incomplete SAMs were noted in the remaining three patients with aortic stenosis. In contrast to isolated IHSS, the small SAMs observed in this group did not become prominent with the Valsalva maneuver or amyl nitrite inhalation. These features may be related to the afterload provided by the fixed, distal stenosis. Echocardiographic evidence of aortic valve disease was present in all patients. Clinically, co-existence of IHSS was not suspected in five patients. Associated IHSS was established using provocative measures during cardiac catheterization in three cases, while in the remainder it was substantiated at surgery. Three of four patients who underwent myotomy/myectomy concomitant with aortic valve replacement survived and postoperative echocardiographic studies revealed complete absence of SAMs in two of them. Echocardiography appears to be useful in the diagnosis of associated IHSS in the presence of aortic valve disease.
Morphology of thymic grafts exposed to lymphomagenic virus.

Syngeneic thymic grafts in AKR mice were exposed in vitro to lymphomagenic virus, grafted subcutaneously or under the kidney capsule, and biopsied at intervals. No specific morphologic change was seen to precede the development of lymphoma in these grafts. Lymphoma was found to develop initially as foci of lymphoblasts in the cortex of a normal-appearing thymus. Regeneration of syngeneic virus-exposed thymic epithelial remnant grafts in AKR mice was compared to that of nonvirus-exposed grafts in the same strain and to that in a low-incidence lymphoma strain. All of the grafts were found to regenerate to the morphology of normal thymus with a characteristic sequence of cellular events. These results imply that lymphomagenic virus acts by a direct transformation of cells in the thymic cortex which is not dependent on any preceding structural alteration of this organ and that regeneration of grafts composed of epithelial reticular cells was not impaired or altered by the presence of the virus.
Methane oxidation to acetic acid catalyzed by Pd2+ cations in the presence of oxygen

Abstract Synthesis of acetic acid from methane catalyzed by Pd 2+ cations dissolved in sulfuric acid was investigated to determine the effects of reaction conditions and the mechanism. Acetic acid yield was found to be a strong function of CH 4 and O 2 partial pressures. High O 2 /CH 4 ratio and high total pressure delivered the highest yield of acetic acid (14.2 turnovers of Pd 2+ ) and the highest retention of Pd 2+ in solution (96%). Byproducts were sulfur containing compounds (most notably methyl bisulfate) and CO x , but the acetic acid selectivity was maximized (82%) by lowering the reaction temperature. Methane is activated by Pd(OSO 3 H) 2 , forming (CH 3 )Pd(OSO 3 H). CO, generated from the oxidation of methyl bisulfate, inserts into the CH 3 Pd bond creating a (CH 3 CO)Pd(OSO 3 H) species. Reaction of this complex with H 2 SO 4 produces acetic acid. Pd 2+ is reduced to Pd 0 during the oxidation of methyl bisulfate or CO, and Pd 0 is reoxidized to Pd 2+ by H 2 SO 4 and O 2 .
Permeability, porosity and pore geometry of hot-pressed calcite

Abstract Permeability may be altered in the Earth by plastic flow of the rock matrix. In order to better understand the relation between plastic flow and pore geometry, we measured the permeability of a suite of hot-pressed calcite samples with differing porosities. We found that the permeability dramatically decreased with decreasing porosity, particularly in the range of 10 to 4% total porosity. These results agree with a model for pore geometry changes during hot-pressing as previously developed for ceramics. Measurements of unconnected and interconnected porosity showed that the interconnected porosity virtually disappeared in samples with a total porosity of 4% or less. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that the porosity of samples above 10% total porosity were composed of large ‘spheroidal’ pores which were often connected by ‘tubular’ pores. During the last stage of hot-pressing, these ‘tubes’ are thought to collapse making the pore network disconnected.
Sediment Transport in the New York Bight, North American Atlantic Shelf

Vincent, C.E., Swift, D.J.P. and Hillard, B., 1981. Sediment transport in the New York Bight, North American Atlantic Shelf. Mar. Geol., 42: 369-398. Aanderaa current-meter data collected during the course of NOAA's New York Bight Project are sufficiently extensive in time (135000 observation hours) and space (41 stations) to permit an estimate of the sediment transport in this area. The analysis is based on mean flow observations; the role of wave oscillatory currents in resuspending sediment is considered but not explicitly included in the sediment transport calculations. An estimate of the potential sediment transport rate QB at each station for three different threshold velocities UTH (12, 16, and 20 cm s-1) were made using a Bagnoldtype transport equation: QB = const (Uc-UTH)3 for Uc >UTH QB = 0 for Uc <UTH where Uc is the mean current speed. Comparison was made between the results from this simple equation and other bedload and suspended-load transport rates (which include wave data) for a limited subset of the Bight data. This comparison indicates that the Bagnold results are reasonable for the along-isobath transport estimates, but are not reliable for the cross-isobath transport. In the cross-isobath direction, waves appear to play a dominant role in determining the transport rate. The comparison also indicates that the Bagnold approach tends to overestimate transport in deep water. In shallow water, resuspension of sand and rotor pumping of current meters both may become important, and sediment transport calculations may not be accurate. Fine-sediment suspended transport is approximately double the potential bedload transport for fine sand (0.02 cm), but does not dominate the total transport as is believed to occur on the Washington Shelf (Smith and Hopkins, 1972). The data show that the New York Bight is a storm-dominated shelf, with the general southwestward drift of water (∼6 cm s-1) modulated by more intense storm-induced flows. The transport calculations indicate that the bulk of sediment transport occurs during the winter months when wind stress is at a maximum and the water column is well mixed. Two major transport provinces are present; (a) the Hudson Shelf Valley, and (b) the rest of the shelf. The Shelf Valley acts as a sink and a barrier to the continuity of the mainly southwestward transport of sediment (∼104 g cm-1 yr-1) along the shelf. Within the valley the potential transport of material is of the order of l05 g cm-1 yr-1 along the valley axis. Progressive vector transport paths for fine sediment indicate that removal of sediment out of the ends of the valley can occur rapidly. However, consider-ation of the finesediment budget for the whole Hudson Shelf Valley and of the attenua-tion of wave activity with depth show that these results are not inconsistent with the presence of high mud concentrations in the valley. Up-valley sediment rates predominate during the period for which data are available.
Toward a Better Understanding of the Link Between Parent and Child Physical Activity Levels: The Moderating Role of Parental Encouragement

Background: Research on adolescent physical activity is mixed regarding the role of parent activity. This study tested parent encouragement, direct modeling, and perceived influence as moderators of objectively-measured (accelerometer) parent and child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) associations. Methods: Parent-child dyads (n = 423; mean child age = 11.33 yrs.) wore accelerometers for 7 days; parents completed surveys. Hierarchical linear regression models tested moderation using a product of constituent terms interaction. Results: Parent-reported encouragement moderated the association between parent and child MVPA (β = –.15, P = .01, ΔR2 = .02, P < .01). Among parents with lower MVPA, child MVPA was higher for children receiving high encouragement (mean = 3.06, SE = .17) vs. low (mean = 3.03, SE = .15, P = .02) and moderate encouragement (mean = 3.40, SE = .09) vs. low (P = .04). Conclusions: Physical activity promotion programs may use parent encouragement as a tool to boost child activ...
Large space structures assembly simulation

Simulation requirements for the evaluation of Large Space Structure assembly techniques have been developed by analysis of a typical large space structure through its entire life cycle. Applications of neutral buoyancy, air bearing simulators, computer driven rendezvous and docking simulators, and other simulation modes were studied. Several demonstrations of assembly techniques in neutral buoyancy have been conducted at MSFC using large scale hardware. Experience from those demonstrations and subsequent simulations can be used to select viable approaches for orbital application in operational vehicles. Demonstration results are presented which illustrate techniques and hardware designs that can significantly simplify construction of early large space structures.
IMMUNOLOGIC FUNCTIONS IN CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS (CAH) OF CHILDHOOD

Immunologic mechanisms are believed to play an important role in Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative CAH. We investigated immune functions in 5 females aged 10-15 years who had biopsy proven diagnosis of CAH with or without cirrhosis. At the time of study, all patients were on therapy consisting of Prednisone alone or in combination with 6 MP or Azathioprine. Enumeration of total T cells and T cell subsets using Ortho monoclonal antibodies OKT3, T4, T8 and T11 were within normal ranges in 4/4 patients tested. Proliferative responses of lympho cytes to mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and pokeweed were normal in all. Differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin secreting cells in response to polyclonal stimuli pokeweed mitogen (T-dependent), Epstein Barr virus (T-independent) and to S. aureus Cowan 1 strain (SAC), a selective B cell mitogen which requires T cell help for B cell differentiation were severely depressed in 4/5 patients. Specific antibody responses in an antigen specific assay system were also depressed in these same patients. Dysfunction of B cells in vitro might result from a paucity of resting B cells in peripheral circulation consequent to hyperactivity of B cells in vivo which is manifested as hypergammaglobulinemia in this disorder. In CAH, functional assays of B cells might be more sensitive indicators of immune aberration than previously reported abnormalities of T cell subsets and function.
SU‐FF‐T‐412: Dosimetic Characterization of a Compact Proton Therapy Unit with Monte Carlo Simulations

Purpose: A compact proton therapy unit is under development, so measured dosimetry data does not yet exist. The beamline was modeled and profiles were generated using Monte Carlo methods to evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of the proposed proton unit. Method and Materials:MCNPX code was used to model the proton therapy unit and simulate beam profiles. The range modulator, scatterers, range shifter, applicator, aperture and other components in the beam shaping system were modeled according to the design data provided by the manufacturer. A Gaussian distributed source was assumed. Spread out Bragg Peaks (SOBP) were simulated by combining the simulation results for various steps of the range modulator wheel. Simulations were performed in a water phantom as well as in air. Up to 108proton histories were tracked per simulation to achieve < 2% statistical uncertainties. Beam characteristics such as flatness, symmetry and penumbra were evaluated against machine specifications. Results: The 14 combinations of range modulator wheel and scatterers were modeled for this unit. For each combination, beam profiles were generated including: lateral fluence profiles in air with an open aperture, lateral fluence profiles in air with a half beam block, fluence in air along the beam axis, lateral dose profiles in water, and percentage depth dose in water for both unmodulated beam and SOBPs. The generated data met expectations in most cases. Subsequently, a commercial treatment planning system was configured using the simulated beam data. Conclusion: The Monte Carlo tool allowed the generation of dose profiles and evaluation of beam characteristics for a compact proton therapy unit prior to its construction. The simulated data provided feedback for machine design optimization and valuable reference data for future acceptance testing and commissioning.
Hybrid sparse-wavelength angle-multiplexed optical data storage system

We propose, analyze, and demonstrate a hybrid wavelength-and-angle-multiplexed optical data storage system. Our system utilizes multiwavelength information processing in conjunction with angle-multiplexed volume holographic storage, achieving direct compatibility with wavelength-encoded optical logic processors. Such a scheme also allows for rapid recall of high-density data into electronic processing and display systems. Hybridization of wavelength and angle multiplexing relaxes demands on spectral and angle-tuning sources and allows for the use of present-day-available optical sources and components.
An in vitro method for studying insulin secretion in the perfused isolated rat pancreas.

Abstract An isolated in vitro pancreas perfusion preparation is described which is suitable for study of insulin secretion. The surgery by which this tissue is removed from the animal is described as well as a chamber for perfusing the pancreas. The in vitro perfused pancreas demonstrates increased secretion of insulin with tolbutamide and glucose. In addition to d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannose were demonstrated to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin, whereas 1-arabinose and d-galactose were without effect. The release of insulin after glucose, tolbutamide, mannose and fructose administration appears to occur immediately and probably involves the release of preformed insulin granules.
A Method for Bond Strength Evaluation for Laminated Structures with Application to Ultrasonic Consolidation

A push-pin type test is proposed as a general approach for bond strength evaluation normal to bonded areas for laminated structures. The evaluation method includes experiment and finite element (FE) simulation. The method has been successfully applied to evaluation of the bond strength of laminated structures made with ultrasonic consolidation (UC). Bond strength varying with UC process parameters has been studied. Based on the results of the simulation and the experiment, a quantitative correlation has been identified between the percent of bonded area and bond strength for UC.
Optimizing a Multiple-Pinhole SPECT System Using the Ideal Observer

In a pinhole imaging system, multiple pinholes are potentially beneficial since more radiation will arrive in the detector plane. However, the various images produced by each pinhole may multiplex (overlap), possibly decreasing image quality. In this work we develop the framework for comparing various pinhole configurations using ideal-observer performance as a figure of merit. We compute the ideal-observer test statistic, the likelihood ratio, using a statistical method known as Markov-Chain Monte Carlo. For different imaging systems, we estimate the likelihood ratio for many realizations of noisy image data both with and without a signal present. For each imaging system, the area under the ROC curve provides a meaningful figure of merit for hardware comparison. In this work we compare different pinhole configurations using a three-dimensional lumpy object model, a known signal (SKE), and simulated pinhole imaging systems. The results of our work will eventually serve as a basis for a design of high-resolution pinhole SPECT systems.
Enhancement of epitaxial lateral overgrowth by vapor-phase diffusion

Abstract The mathematical model for vapor-phase diffusion-assisted epitaxial lateral overgrowth in homoepitaxy of a compound semiconductor (GaAs-type) thin film is presented. Besides diffusion in vapor phase, the physical mechanisms contributing to the crystal growth and accounted for in the model include surface diffusion and evaporation–recondensation. The evolution equations for the concentrations of bulk and surface species, and for the interface shape are solved by a combination of a finite difference and boundary element methods. Comparison of the results of the modeling to the models that ignore diffusion in vapor shows that the latter enhances the overgrowth on the mask; the degree of this enhancement increases with the widths of the stripe openings in the mask and of the masked regions.
Prehospital trauma arrival notification associated with more image studies in patients with minor head trauma discharged from ED.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine whether prehospital trauma arrival notification was associated with more head computed tomography (CT) scans and image studies performed in patients with minor head trauma and discharged from emergency department (ED). Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study based on hospital electronic medical record was performed. Patients with head trauma indicated by their diagnostic codes or chief complaints, presenting to and discharged from ED in a level I trauma center between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2014, and triage Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 14 or greater were selected from electronic medical record. Triage prehospital trauma arrival notification, number and types of image studies performed, and basic demographics were extracted. χ 2 Analysis (or Fisher test) was applied to compare the proportions of patients who received image studies between prehospital trauma arrival notification and non-notification groups. Results There were 3603 patients with head trauma, triage GCS score 14 or greater, and discharged from ED. Mean age was 43.8 years. Forty-six percent was female. Thirty-two point nine percent was Hispanic, and 28.6% was black. Numbers (proportions) of patients who received prehospital trauma arrival notification, head CT scan, or any image study (x-ray, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, or sonogram) were 287 (8.0%), 1621 (45.0%), and 2267 (63.0%), respectively. Compared with patients without prehospital trauma arrival notifications, patients with prehospital trauma arrival notifications were significantly more likely to receive a head CT scan as well as an image study. Conclusions Prehospital trauma arrival notification was associated with significantly more head CT scans and more image studies in patients with minor head trauma and discharged from ED.
The Bicameral Context of Presidential Agenda Setting

I study the impact of bicameralism on presidential agenda setting in Congress. I examine how the president's influence over the House and Senate is affected by the very strong impact that the House and Senate exercise over each other's agendas. To answer this question, I develop an innovative and comprehensive dataset of the 6,818 policy issues covered by both House and Senate bills introduced in the 103rd Congress. My analysis shows that estimates of the president's influence on the agenda of a single chamber of Congress can produce biased results unless they explicitly control for the influence of the second chamber.
Projection merging: reducing redundancies in inclusion constraint graphs

Inclusion-based program analyses are implemented by adding new edges to directed graphs. In most analyses, there are many different ways to add a transitive edge between two nodes, namely through each different path connecting the nodes. This path redundancy limits the scalability of these analyses. We present projection merging, a technique to reduce path redundancy. Combined with cycle elimination [7], projection merging achieves orders of magnitude speedup of analysis time on programs over that of using cycle elimination alone.