cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Issues and OpinionsPublication Opportunities in Premier Business Outlets: How Level Is the Playing Field?

This paper reports an analysis of the proportion of faculty publishing articles in premier business journals (i.e., the ratio of authors of premier business journal articles to total faculty of a discipline) across the disciplines of accounting, finance, management, marketing, and information systems (IS) for the years 19942003. This analysis revealed that over this period the management discipline had on average the highest proportion of faculty publishing in premier journals (12.7 authors per 100 management faculty), followed by finance (9.4 authors per 100 faculty), marketing (9.2 authors per 100 faculty), IS (5.5 authors per 100 faculty), and accounting (4.8 authors per 100 faculty). A further analysis examined these ratios for the different disciplines over time, finding that the ratios of authors to faculty have actually decreased for the disciplines of marketing and IS over this time period but have remained stable for the disciplines of accounting, management, and finance. Given steady growth in faculty size of all disciplines, the proportion of faculty publishing articles in premier journals in 2003 for all disciplines is lower than their 10-year averages, with IS having the lowest proportion in 2003. A sensitivity analysis reveals that without substantial changes that would allow more IS faculty to publish in the premier journals (e.g., by increasing publication cycles, number of premier outlets, and so on), IS will continue to lag far below the average of other disciplines. The implications of these findings for IS researchers, for institutions and administrators of IS programs, and for the IS academic discipline are examined. Based on these implications, recommendations for the IS discipline are presented.
Material-Based Construction Site Image Retrieval

The technological advancements in digital imaging, the widespread popularity of digital cameras, and the increasing demand by owners and contractors for detailed and complete site photograph logs have triggered an ever-increasing growth in the rate of construction image data collection, with thousands of images being stored for each project. However, the sheer volume of images and the difficulties in accurately and manually indexing them have generated a pressing need for methods that can index and retrieve images with minimal or no user intervention. This paper reports recent developments from research efforts in the indexing and retrieval of construction site images in architecture, engineering, construction, and facilities management image database systems. The limitations and benefits of the existing methodologies will be presented, as well as an explanation of the reasons for the development of a novel image retrieval approach that not only can recognize construction materials within the image content in order to index images, but also can be compatible with existing retrieval methods, enabling enhanced results.
Application of Two-Dimensional Total Correlation Spectroscopy for Structure Determination of Individual Inositol Phosphates in a Mixture

The discovery of the second messenger role of myoinositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate has triggered tremendous interest in investigating the structures and metabolism of inositol phosphates. The structures of these compounds are established by first purifying the compounds of interest and then identifying the structures through chemical degradation or NMR analysis. In this paper we describe a method that allows simultaneous determination, without separation, of the structures of multiple inositol phosphates in a mixture. The use of two-dimensional total correlation spectroscopy (2D TOCSY) experiments together with subspectra extracted from 2D TOCSY data allowed us to determine, in 3 to 4 h, the structures of five compounds in a mixture, without prior separation.
The role of nitric oxide in focally-evoked limbic seizures

The deep rostral piriform cortex contains a site (area tempestas) in which focal application of picomole amounts of bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, triggers limbic motor seizures which are dependent upon activation of both N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyloxole-4-proprionate subtypes of glutamate receptors. In the present study we determined whether nitric oxide can influence the local modulation of seizure initiation by bicuculline. Nitric oxide and the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine, alone or in combination with low doses of bicuculline were focally administered into the area tempestas of rats. While nitric oxide alone had no significant convulsant effect, L-arginine alone (30-240 nmol) induced brief myoclonic episodes. Nitric oxide (0.7 nmol) and L-arginine (30 nmol) markedly potentiated the seizures evoked by a low dose of bicuculline. The effect of L-arginine was prevented by focal pretreatment with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. However, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester did not attenuate the convulsant effect of bicuculline or kainate alone when focally administered into area tempestas. The data demonstrate that exogenously applied nitric oxide or its precursors can enhance seizure triggering activity. However, the data also indicate that L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway does not normally contribute to seizure expression from area tempestas, as N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester alone did not attenuate focally-evoked seizures.
Effect of Autoclaving Field Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) and of Supplementing Diets Containing Beans with Amino Acids or Antibiotics on Performance of Young Chicks

Abstract Two experiments were conducted with young chicks in which different varieties of dry field beans (Phaseolus vulgari s) were used to furnish approximately 67% of the dietary protein. The beans were used in either raw or cooked form and the diets were supplemented with methionine, a mixture of amino acids or a mixture of antibiotics. The results obtained show that all varieties of beans supported very low growth when fed in raw form and that significant differences in nutritional value were found among varieties. Cooking all varieties of beans by autoclaving gave marked improvements in chick growth. Supplementing diets containing cooked beans with methionine improved growth and feed efficiency to varying degrees, depending upon the variety, but diets containing raw beans were not improved by a methionine supplement. A mixture of four amino acids including methionine was no more effective in stimulating growth of chicks than methionine alone. Adding a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin to diets containing either raw or cooked beans gave a much greater growth response than methionine or the amino acid mixture. All varieties of beans fed in raw form caused marked pancreatic enlargement and cooking the beans reduced this effect but did not completely eliminate the enlargement.
Quadratic covariance estimation and equivalence of predictions

This article illustrates the use of linear and nonlinear regression models to obtain quadratic estimates of covariance parameters. These models lead to new insights into the motivation behind estimation methods, the relationships between different methods, and the relationship of covariance estimation to prediction. In particular, we derive the standard estimating equations for minimum norm quadratic unbiased translation invariant estimates (MINQUEs) from an appropriate linear model. Connections between the linear model, minimum variance quadratic unbiased translation invariant estimates (MIVQUEs), and MINQUEs are examined and we provide a minimum norm justification for the use of one-step normal theory maximum likelihood estimates. A nonlinear regression model is used to define MINQUEs for nonlinear covariance structures and obtain REML estimates. Finally, the equivalence of predictions under various models is examined when covariance parameters are estimated. In particular, we establish that when using MINQUE, iterative MINQUE, or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates, the choice between a stationary covariance function and an intrinsically stationary semivariogram is irrelevant to predictions and estimated prediction variances.
Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis. VIII. Monomer sorption effects

In solid catalyzed olefin polymerization, equilibrium sorption plays a key role in determining the local monomer concentration (s) in the semicrystalline polymer shell which surrounds the active sites of the catalyst surface. Modelling based on polymer solution thermodynamics indicates that crystallinity and reactor environment have a major effect on this local monomer concentration. The model is used to explain well known experimental trends seen in the literature, such as observed differences in gas phase and diluent slurry polymerization rates, and enhanced α-olefin incorporation in gas phase copolymerization.
Second Cranfield International Conference on Information Storage and Retrieval

This report appeared originally in Computer Weekly for 18th September, and is reprinted here, with small alterations, by kind permission of the publishers of Computer Weekly. The papers presented at the conference will be published in forthcoming issues of ‘Information Storage and Retrieval’, but copies of preprints may be obtained at Xerox cost price from Mr. C. W. Cleverdon, Librarian, College of Aeronautics, CRANFIELD, Bedford.
Mitotic rate in organs and tissues in relation to metabolic body size.size (Kg 3/4).

Das Verhaltnis zwischen Lebendauer und stoffwechselbedingter Korpergrosse (kg3/4) wird zur Analyse des Differenzialwachstums einzelner Gewebe und Organe herangezogen.
Effect of short‐ and long‐term play therapy services on teacher–child relationship stress

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of both short- and long term Child-Centered Play Therapy on teacher–student relationship stress. Teachers identified 58 students exhibiting emotional and behavioral difficulties who were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Students in the short-term intensive play therapy group participated in 16 sessions of play therapy over 8 weeks, and students in the long-term play therapy group participated in 16 sessions over 16 weeks. Results indicated that both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvement in teacher–student relationship stress from pre- to posttest. Post hoc analyses indicated that the short-term intensive intervention demonstrated statistical significance and larger effect sizes in overall total stress, teacher characteristics, and student characteristics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of damage accumulation measures in human cortical bone

Elastic modulus degradation, strength reduction, and energy dissipation have traditionally been the properties of choice to monitor the damage process in cortical bone. However, these properties only provide limited insight into the damage process given the complex mechanical nature of bone. In the current study, alternative measures of the damage process were investigated for machined human cortical bone specimens loaded under torsion. Seventy-two bone specimens from 6 human femurs were subjected to a series of torsional relaxation cycles in which damage was induced during a single relaxation cycle and the effects of damage on the elastic, yield, viscous, and failure properties were determined from pre- and post-damage relaxation cycles. The results revealed that degradation of all torsion properties exhibited a significant twist magnitude effect. However, the yield stress and strain, the relaxation rate, and the total relaxation exhibited 5-10 fold greater degradation than both strength and modulus, when residual strength tests were conducted at high shear strain rates. For the loading conditions examined in this study, the results indicated that the relaxation and yield properties of cortical bone are more sensitive to shear damage accumulation and better measures of the damage process than either strength or modulus. Further, the results reveal an important interaction between damage and the viscous behavior of bone which provides new insight into the effects of damage on bone mechanical properties.
N-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression: Pre-Clinical Evidence

A growing literature suggests the association of low tissue levels and/or dietary intake of n-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with depressive illnesses. Animal studies show that low tissue and/or dietary n-3 PUFAs can lead to behaviors and neurobiological effects associated with depression and can potentiate the consequences of stress, whereas higher levels have the opposite effect. These data support the involvement of n-3 PUFAs levels in the disease processes underlying depression. In addition, these pre-clinical findings indicate neurobiological mechanisms whereby n-3 PUFAs may contribute to the disease including control of serotonergic and dopaminergic function, modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and effects on neuroinflammation. This evidence for a role for n-3 PUFA in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive illness are reviewed. The implications of these finding for future pre-clinical research and clinical application are discussed.
Experimental and theoretical studies of transition metal dithiolate and diselenolate

Abstract The results of comparative physical (especially ESR) studies of bis-benzene-1,2-dithiolate(bdt) and bis-benzene-1,2-diselenolate(bds) transition metal complexes are presented and analyzed in terms of the molecular and electronic structures of these transition metal complexes. The results of Extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations are presented and discussed, also, as an aid toward developing a better and more complete understanding of the magnetic studies presented. These calculations provide such information as the order of the electronic energy levels, composition and symmetries of the molecular orbitals, the total charge density distribution within the molecular complexes, and the charge density distribution within the orbital(s) which contain the unpaired electron(s).
Genetic approaches to conservation of rare fishes: examples from North American desert species

Long-term prospects for conservation of rare fishes depends, in part, on the availability of genetic variation within populations as the raw material to respond to natural selection and allow continued evolutionary change. It is thus important to obtain information on the extent and distribution of genetic variation in rare fishes. There are at least six applications of such genetic data in recovery efforts: description of the quantity and distribution of genetic variation in a species; estimation of historical levels of isolation and gene flow; identification of unique gene pools for special protection; contributions to taxonomic clarifications; information for choosing brood stocks; and monitoring of hatchery populations. It is only through such informed management and with an evolutionary perspective that we can maximize probabilities for conservation in perpetuity of rare fishes.
Brain effects of nicotine and derived compounds.

The influence of NAD on addictive behavior and the mechanisms involved are of great interest for public health. One of our articles explores the molecular mechanisms associated with the differences in addiction to tobacco between genders. They investigated the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and anabaseine on the estrogen biosynthesis in the brain. They show experimental evidence that these compounds affect estrogen synthesis in the brain via the modulation of the last enzyme of the estrogen biosynthesis named aromatase. Based on this evidence they discussed the hypothesis that brain aromatase mediates the effect of nicotine in the brain resulting in sex differences in smoking behavior. Prenatal NAD exposure may affect addictive behavior
Spontaneous Return of Patency in a Completely Occluded Coronary Artery

We observed a 56-year=old man in whom an occluded right coronary artery was observed to be widely patent on a subsequent angiogram 40 months later. This "regression," which occurred without a change in his risk factors, shows that manipulation of risk factors can be proven to be a cause of regression only in controlled studies.
Unambiguous measurement of volume flow using ultrasound

A new modality for transcutaneous measurement of blood flow is described. Two ultrasonic pulsed Doppler techniques (Doppler imaging and average Doppler shift detection) are combined to measure net flow across an arbitrary sample plane. This estimate of volume flow is independent of lumen shape, orientation, and velocity profile.
A PERSPECTIVE ON A QUARTER CENTURY OF CFD RESEARCH

A personal review of the last twenty five years of research in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is discussed and an assessment of future directions is attempted. Liberties have been taken for a supposedly technical paper to present personal glimpses of some of the key players in CFD during this period. Most of these have been placed in footnotes for an easy bypass for tlie technically interested only reader.
Determination of multiple-diffraction ray paths for arbitrary oriented straight edges

A new method for determining the ray path of multiple diffractions is presented. The method is based on the Keller's law of diffraction derived from Fermat's least-time principle: the incident angle is equal to the diffraction angle at a diffraction point. Furthermore, the number of nonlinear equations to be solved is reduced to about half of the conventional method. Because of this, the number of iterations of Newton's method is also reduced. Finally, an appropriate initial guessing technique is adopted to guarantee the convergence and efficiency of the Newton's method. Our approach has the potential of speeding up the radio propagation modeling in urban and ridged mountain area.
Recovery and rehabilitation of visual cortical dysfunction

Damage to the human cerebral cortex can result in a number of distinct visual perceptual impairments, including visual field defects, impaired eye movements, visual agnosia, visuospatial disorders, impaired binocular fusional convergence, achromatopsia, visual hallucinations and defective visuoperceptual discrimination. Such impairments are common following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and other forms of cortical dysfunction, and may have significant implications for the ability to participate in rehabilitation of nonvisual functions and performance of normal daily activities. We review these cortically-based visual impairments, with emphasis on the course of recovery and methods of rehabilitation. In addition, longitudinal data are presented on the recovery of impaired visuopercep­ tual discrimination in 25 patients with cortical damage caused by stroke. Although the majority of these patients experienced good recovery without specific intervention, approximately one-third were left with significant chronic impairments of visuoperceptual discrimination. Despite promising recent developments in the treatment of cortically-based visual defects, there remains considerable need for information on the natural course of recovery of such impairments, as well as development of empirically validated rehabilitation procedures.
Influencing the state: U.S. campaign finance and its discontents

Abstract Among the principal targets of criticism in recent American politics has been the alleged corruption, inequity, overall cost, and regulatory complexity of the U.S. campaign‐finance system. Scholarship has not borne out any of these criticisms, and, if anything, empirical investigation suggests that the current system does a fair job in addressing—as much as this is possible under modern conditions—the problem of public ignorance in mass democracies.
Selection of canthopexy techniques.

Dr. Carraway: The types of canthoplasty and canthopexy that we will be considering are tarsal strip procedure, lateral canthal tightening, transposition of the lateral canthal tendon, the dermal-orbicular pennant canthoplasty, and the inferior lateral retinacular canthopexy. Dr. Patipa, what is your indication for use of lateral canthal tightening? James H. Carraway, MD Dr. Patipa When I examine a patient's lower eyelid and midface, looking for laxity of the lateral canthal tendon, I primarily assess mobility of the lateral canthal angle. I will then tighten the lateral canthal tendon as part of the surgical procedure to achieve the desired result. Boaz J. Lissauer, MD Dr. Carraway: Dr. Lissauer, how would you use the tarsal strip procedure? What kind of patients would be appropriate? Dr. Lissauer: I use lateral tarsal strip procedures in patients in whom there is significant lengthening of the tarsoligamentous sling with horizontal lid laxity that clinically presents as frank eyelid malposition or cosmetically presents as a rounding or bowing of the temporal aspect of the lower eyelids. Michael P. Grant, MD, PhD Dr. Carraway: Let us now discuss the dermal-orbicular pennant canthoplasty as described by Marsh Edgerton.1 Dr. Grant, do you use this procedure and, if so, under what circumstances? Dr. Grant: This procedure falls in between lateral canthal tightening procedures, as Dr. Patipa described, and a frank lateral tarsal strip. I would use this procedure where there is laxity at the lateral canthal angle and, perhaps, some lateral lid retraction, but not frank horizontal lid laxity with the more pronounced potential for displacement at the lateral canthal angle. Thus I see this as a compromise procedure, similar to other types of suture suspension procedures, but less aggressive than a lateral canthal tightening procedure. Michael Patipa, MD Dr. Patipa: I would like to clarify that in the …
Parameters influencing antigen-specific immunotherapy for Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which the insulin producing β cells are destroyed. Antigen-based immunotherapy provides an approach to selectively tolerize pathogenic β cell-specific T cells, while leaving the remainder of the immune system intact. In this article, we discuss our group’s experience in defining the parameters that impact the efficacy of β cell antigen “vaccination” for the prevention and treatment of T1D.
Improved modeling of microchannel plate response to hard X-rays

Abstract An improved model for microchannel platequantum efficiency and response at higher X-ray energies (up to 100's keV) is described, which builds on previous models by incorporating a more detailed consideration of photoelectron energies released in the MCP bulk. The contribution of multiple channel walls is included in the total response calculation. This model shows that MCP quantum efficiency and response decay as power law functions with energy, for photon energies>140 keV.
α-coral: a multigrain, multithreaded processor architecture

Recently popularized hardware multithreading (HMT) architectures, such as SMT, Multiscalar and Terra do not provide flexible and efficient methods of thread management and synchronization in hardware. The a-Coral architecture is a tool for investigation of a more dynamic approach to thread management. Unlike other architectures, there are no strict requirements on timing and size of threads, and no static partitioning of resources. a-Coral provides for simultaneous multiprogramming and multithreading environment, which is mostly managed in hardware. To other architectures, a-Coral adds on demand register allocation, fast variable size thread creation and destruction, as well as quick synchronization through a shared register file. While other architectures attempt to port existing compilers, the a-Coral architecture is supported by a custom compiler system. This system provides for a simple method of mapping hierarchical internal representation of the program to variable size threads.This paper examines a new approach to hardware multithreading, involving minimal extensions to the instruction set of conventional RISC superscalar architectures. The a-Coral architecture and compiling support introduce a multi-grain multithreaded architecture which extends wide-superscalar processor cores to support hierarchical multithreading. A simulator was developed and results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of our design approach.
Optoelectronic parallel processing with surface-emitting lasers and free-space interconnects

Parallel optoelectronic processing that uses smart pixel arrays and free space interconnections may provide an attractive alternative to applications that exhibit a large degree of functional parallelism and require massive input/output data rates. Two fine-grain parallel architectures based on two-dimensional arrays of processing elements are discussed in this paper. The logic complexity of the smart pixels ranges from two-input AND and XOR gates for a database filter to multiple-input multiple-output compare-and-exchange modules for a recirculating bitonic sorting unit. Both systems use vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers as light sources but light detection and logic are implemented differently. The data filter uses GaAs-based phototransistors while the sorting unit requires silicon detectors and CMOS circuitry for its more complex logic. The free-space one-to-one interconnection patterns required between processing planes can be realized with either refractive or diffractive optics and their simplicity and regularity permit easy scale-up. >
Accurate characterization of WWW traffic

World Wide Web (WWW) traffic models are used to generate the representative workloads that can be used for cache design and the study of "what if" scenarios for WWW-servers planning. Such models should incorporate the essential WWW traffic properties, including temporal locality, spatial locality, and popularity. In this paper, we propose a new WWW server traffic model that accurately captures these properties. Our model uses the inter-request distance string, which we found to be more accurate than the previously proposed stack distance approach in capturing traffic properties. Trace-driven simulation is used to demonstrate the goodness of the proposed model.
An integrated approach for flavour quality evaluation in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) during ripening

Numerous and diverse physiological changes occur during fruit ripening and maturity at harvest is one of the key factors influencing the flavour quality of fruits. The effect of ripening on chemical composition, physical parameters and sensory perception of three muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) cultivars was evaluated. Significant correlations emerging from this extensive data set are discussed in the context of identifying potential targets for melon sensory quality improvement. A portable ultra-fast gaschromatograph coupled with a surface acoustic wave sensor (UFGC–SAW) was also used to monitor aroma volatile concentrations during fruit ripening and evaluated for its ability to predict the sensory perception of melon flavour. UFGC–SAW analysis allowed the discrimination of melon maturity stage based on six measured peaks, whose abundance was positively correlated to maturity-specific sensory attributes. Our findings suggest that this technology shows promise for future applications in rapid flavour quality evaluation.
Dieting, restraint, and disinhibition predict women's weight change over 6 y

Background: Although disinhibited eating is positively associated with higher weight in women, it is not known whether restrained eating and dieting moderate the influence of disinhibited eating on weight change. Objective: The objective was to investigate over 6 y the interactive effects of restrained and disinhibited eating and self-reported dieting to lose weight as predictors of weight gain in women. Design: Data were collected from non-Hispanic white women (n = 163) every 2 y. Height and weight were measured in triplicate. Dietary restraint and disinhibition were assessed by using the Eating Inventory. Participants were also asked if they were “currently dieting to lose weight.” Multilevel modeling was used to examine change in weight as a function of time-invariant and time-varying predictors, including dietary restraint, dietary disinhibition, and self-reported dieting. Results: After covariates were adjusted for, growth curve models showed that within-person increases in restraint over time were associated with concurrent decreases in weight and that higher levels of restraint moderated the positive association between dietary disinhibition and weight. Women who reported dieting at study entry were heavier at study entry and gained more weight over time than did nondieters. Finally, a significant interaction between restraint, disinhibition, and dieting showed that restraint moderated the effect of disinhibition on weight differently in nondieters than in dieters. Conclusions: Increasing levels of dietary restraint may be beneficial in moderating weight by attenuating the positive association between disinhibition and weight in dieting women. An understanding of weight and weight change requires examination of the interactive effects of restraint, disinhibition, and dieting. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:33‐40.
Molecular state and distribution of fullerenes entrapped in sol-gel samples.

A novel synthetic method that can encapsulate fullerene molecules (pure C60, pure C70, or their mixture) over a wide range of concentrations ranging from micromolar to millimolar in hybrid glass by a sol−gel method without any time-consuming, complicated, and unwanted extra steps (e.g., addition of a surfactant or derivatization of the fullerenes) has been successfully developed. The molecular state and distribution of encapsulated fullerene molecules in these sol−gel samples were unequivocally characterized using newly developed multispectral imaging techniques. The high sensitivity (single-pixel resolution) and ability of these instruments to record multispectral images at different spatial resolutions (∼10 μm with the macroscopic instrument and ∼0.8 μm with the microscopic instrument) make them uniquely suited for this task. Specifically, the imaging instruments can be used to simultaneously measure multispectral images of sol−gel-encapsulated C60 and C70 molecules at many different positions within a ...
Effects of PCB 30 and its hydroxylated metabolites on ecdysteroid-mediated gene expression.

1 Environmental Chemistry Branch, EP-C, Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199, USA 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA 3 Analytical Services Inc., Post Office Box 82154, Vicksburg, MS 39182-1541, USA 4 Environmental Risk Assessment Branch, EP-R, Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199, USA
A-Vu: a visualization tool for complex software systems

The basic concepts underlying the A-Vu utility are presented. A-Vu is a general purpose tool for visualizing the structural aspects of complex software designs. Starting from a directed graph representation of a system or an Ada program library, A-Vu develops a variety of 'nice' graphs that reveal different visual representations of a design. A-Vu determins the method of visual expression, organizes the diagram in terms of desirable perceptual properties, and establishes an aesthetic layout. Formally, given a directed graph G=(V,E), A-Vu searches for a configuration C such that a suitably defined 'energy' function J(C) is minimized. The definition of J(C) includes software engineering considerations such as layering and modularity, as well as aesthetic considerations like visual appeal, cognitive correctness, and so on. This function is used in conjunction with simulated annealing and genetic algorithm techniques to obtain the 'minimum energy' configurations. >
Forecasting Yield Curves with Survey Information

In recent years, affine term structure models have provided alternatives to the expectations hypothesis and have become very popular in the finance literature. In particular, the widely accepted dynamic Nelson–Siegel model employs ingenious measures of the level, slope, and curvature of the yield curve that captured the attention of Francis and Hua. They supplement the dynamic Nelson-Siegel model with the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Professional Forecasters data. Because these data utilize information from dozens of professional forecasters who study numerous macroeconomic variables, the authors wanted to see if this information-rich supplementary data could be used to improve the interest rate forecasting models for out-of-sample forecasts for Treasury bond maturities ranging from three months to 10 years that extend from three months to one year into the future.
Data-Flow Microarchitecture for Wide Datapath RSFQ Processors: Design Study

Development of an efficient processor architecture with appropriate clocking mechanisms and datapath organization is one of the most challenging design issues for 32-/64-bit RSFQ processors. The cell-level design of a 32-bit RSFQ dual-lane integer processor has been developed at Stony Brook University in an effort to identify and study techniques capable of tolerating significant delay variations in future wide datapath superconductor processor circuits. Several key processor blocks have been designed and quantitatively evaluated at the cell-level, specifically: an instruction buffer, an instruction decoder, a multi-ported register file, a wave-pipelined arithmetic-logic unit, and an intra-processor data routing interconnect. Simulation and analysis of these blocks have been done using a generic VHDL cell library developed at Stony Brook University with cell parameters tuned to Hypres' 1.5 μm, 4.5 kA/cm2 process. After assembling these blocks together into a 32-bit processor datapath, an iterative approach has been used to optimize the design and reach a 20 GHz processing rate. Overall, the datapath has the total latency of ~ 972 ps with the design complexity exceeding 50 K Josephson junctions.
Assumptions About the Nature of Behavior Problems

We have noted that assumptions about the nature of behavior problems affect three aspects of psychological assessment: the focus of assessment, the strategies of assessment, and the behavioral case formulation. For example, if a client’s problems are considered internal, stable personality traits (e.g., “overdependence”), as is characteristic of many psychodynamically based paradigms, then assessment will focus on the detection of these traits, and assessment strategies will most likely involve projective methods and personality inventories. Finally, the ultimate case formulation will reflect the presumed importance of these causal variables.
Late pelvic recurrence of nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma after negative retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

We report a case of pathologic Stage I teratoma recurring in the pelvis as embryonal carcinoma 12 years after radical orchiectomy and bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). The patient received three cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin) followed by complete surgical excision of the pelvic mass. Successful treatment of these rare late recurrences usually requires chemotherapy and complete surgical excision. Pelvic relapse may potentially result from incomplete iliac node resection at the time of RPLND, altered lymphatic drainage from an incompletely resected spermatic cord, or a second primary extragonadal tumor focus. Our case emphasizes the importance of meticulous surgical technique during RPLND and the necessity for follow-up beyond 5 years in patients with testicular cancer.
The coprecipitation of manganese(II) with calcite: an experimental study

The extent of incorporation of Mn2- into calcite is inversely related to the rate of precipitation in laboratory experiments at Earth's surface, aqueous conditions. Values of kcMn, the partition coefficient of Mn2- into calcite, decreased from 18 to ∼ 1 as the rate of precipitation, Rppt, was increased over almost four orders of magnitude. The correlation coefficient between the log of the precipitation rate and the log of the partition coefficient is -0.88, which is statistically significant: at the 99.9% confidence level. The least squares regression takes the form log kcMn = −0.284 log Rppt + 0.976. These findings substantiate the rate dependence reported by Lorens and extend the range of the value of k2Mn well below the minimum of 5.4 previously established by Michard. ESR (electron spin resonance) analysis of the precipitates provides direct evidence that Mn2+ substituted for Ca2i in trigonal lattice sites of our synthetic calcites. Thus Mn2+ was incorporated in these calcites by the formation of a dilute solid solution of MnCO3, in CaCO3. Such alternative mechanisms of coprecipitation as occlusion, surface adsorption, or trace phase formation played no detectable role in these experiments. The exact mechanism by which the rate of precipitation controls the value of the partition coefficient during the formation of a solid solution remains elusive.
Influence of Drive Level on Various Feedback Combinations

College Ss were divided according to sex, high- or low-MAS score and into various verbal reinforcement groups. On a two-choice discrimination task, overt verbal reinforcement following every response was significantly more effective feedback than a combination of covert and overt feedback regardless of pre-experimental instructions about the meaning of the covert cue. While this appeared to support an information hypothesis, rate of learning as measured by trials to criterion was affected by the nature of the overt cue in high-MAS but not low-MAS Ss, suggesting that there is also an affective component involved in verbal feedback that may be associated with experience of success or failure.
Angle of incidence effects in a molecular solid

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been shown to be an effective tool for gaining insight into the physical phenomena that occur during cluster bombardment. Numerous simulations have illuminated aspects of the crater formation and subsequent ejection of material. At this stage, simulations are generally performed by aiming the projectile normal to the surface in order to simplify the subsequent analysis of ejected particles while experiments are performed at an off-normal angle of incidence. The importance of incident angle is well established for atomic bombardment, but the effect for cluster bombardment is not completely established. There have been a few studies that have discussed the influence of incident angle on sputter yield. Hill and Blenkinsopp observed an increase of Si yield when Si is bombarded with 15 keV C +
Samarium-gold and dysprosium-gold alloy systems

Abstract Phase diagrams of the samarium-gold and dysprosium-gold alloy systems based on microscopic, differential thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses are proposed. Six intermetallic compounds, Dy 2 Au, DyAu, DyAu 2 , DyAu 3 , DyAu 3.6 and DyAu 6 , form in the Dy-Au system. DyAu, DyAu 2 and DyAu 3 melt congruently and the other three decompose peritectically. Four eutectic points exist at 21.0 at.% Au and 935 °C, 62.0 at.% Au and 1235 °C, 73.0 at.% Au and 1185 °C, and 90.5 at.% Au and 808 °C. In the Sm-Au system two compounds with tentative stoichiometries, Sm 6 Au 7 and Sm 7 Au 10 , were found in addition to the six with the Dy-Au stoichiometries. SmAu, SmAu 2 and SmAu 3.6 melt congruently while the remaining five compounds decompose peritectically. The four eutectic points are 19.0 at.% Au and 705 °C, 63.5 at.% Au and 1080 °C, 72.0 at.% Au and 1085 °C, and 88.5 at.% Au and 770 °C. SmAu 3 , SmAu and DyAu are dimorphic. The terminal solid solubilities are given and the crystallographic data for the compounds are presented. The lattice parameters of SmAu 3 as compared to those of the other trivalent RAu 3 compounds are anomalous, suggesting the electron distribution in SmAu 3 is different from that in the other RAu 3 phases.
A space-and-time-efficient coding algorithm for lattice computations

We present an encoding algorithm for lattices that significantly reduces space requirements while allowing fast computations of least upper bounds and greatest lower bounds of pairs of elements. We analyze the algorithms for encoding, LUB and GLB computations, and prove their correctness. Empirical experiments reveal that our method is significantly more space efficient than the transitive closure method, and the saving becomes increasingly more important as the size of the lattice increases. >
Accuracy of Perception of Body Size Among Overweight Latino Preadolescents After a 6-Month Physical Activity Skills Building Intervention

Background. Previous research has shown that overweight Latino children underestimate their body size. Erroneous perception of body size may have important health and behavioral implications and serve as a significant barrier to weight control. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine whether children’s perceptions of their body size became more accurate following a pediatric obesity intervention focused on increasing physical activity. Design/ methods. This analysis includes 61 overweight (body mass index ≥85%) Latino children (aged 8-11 years) parent—child dyads who completed a pilot randomized control trial. Results. After the intervention, 40.7% (11/27) of children in the intervention group rated their body size accurately compared with 21.2% (7/33) in the control group. The difference indicates a trend toward significance (P = .09). Conclusions. Participating in monthly physical activity skill building sessions may increase children’s accuracy in body size perception.This may be an important...
Racing and pacing to idle: an evaluation of heuristics for energy-aware resource allocation

We examine the problem of assigning computing resources to an application to meet a performance goal while minimizing energy consumption. We present a general formulation of this problem as a linear program, discuss several potential heuristic solutions, and evaluate these heuristics on two real systems (one purchased in 2010, the other in 2013). We find that the well-known race-to-idle heuristic is close to the optimal solution on the older machine. On the newer machine, however, the optimal solution outperforms race-to-idle by over 35%. A generalization of race-to-idle, called pace-to-idle, is found to provide better results in a wider range of scenarios.
Somatic Hypermutation in Muts Homologue (Msh)3-, Msh6-, and Msh3/Msh6-Deficient Mice Reveals a Role for the Msh2–Msh6 Heterodimer in Modulating the Base Substitution Pattern

Although the primary function of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is to identify and correct base mismatches that have been erroneously introduced during DNA replication, recent studies have further implicated several MMR components in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. We studied the immune response in mice deficient in MutS homologue (MSH)3 and MSH6, two mutually exclusive partners of MSH2 that have not been examined previously for their role in Ig hypermutation. In Msh6−/− and Msh3−/−/Msh6−/− mice, base substitutions are preferentially targeted to G and C nucleotides and to an RGYW hot spot, as has been shown previously in Msh2−/− mice. In contrast, Msh3−/− mice show no differences from their littermate controls. These findings indicate that the MSH2–MSH6 heterodimer, but not the MSH2–MSH3 complex, is responsible for modulating Ig hypermutation.
The Public Interest and Administrative Discretion

The public interest is a much neglected concept that has powerful symbolic and instrumental value. Building on the work of Goodsell, this article provides a framework to examine the degree to which a policy or program is in the public interest.This research presents four cases that illustrate how serving the public interest in a democracy requires ongoing concern with not only what is done but also with how it is done. Furthermore, the cases demonstrate that public administrators can heavily influence the degree to which a policy or program is in the public interest.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Kip1, But Not p21WAF1/Cip1, Is Required for Inhibition of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Remodeling by Heparin in Mice

Heparin has growth inhibitory effects on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism has not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated the role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(WAF1/cip1) (p21) and p27Kip1 (p27), in the inhibitory effect of heparin on PASMC proliferation in vitro and on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in vivo using p21 and p27-null mice. In vitro, loss of the p27 gene negated the inhibitory effect of heparin on PASMC proliferation, but p21 was not critical for this inhibition. In vivo, heparin significantly inhibited the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and remodeling, as evidenced by decreased right ventricular systolic pressure, ratio of right ventricular weight to left ventricle plus septum weight, and percent wall thickness of pulmonary artery, in p21(+/+), p21(-/-), p27(+/+), and p27(+/-), but not in p27(-/-) mice. We also observed that hypoxia decreased p27 expression significantly in mouse lung, which was restored by heparin. Heparin inhibited Ki67 proliferative index in terminal bronchial vessel walls in p27(+/+) and p27(+/-), but not in p27(-/-) mice exposed to hypoxia. Therefore, we conclude that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, but not p21, is required for the inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling by heparin.
Regional uptake of meal fatty acids in humans

Two protocols were performed to study meal fatty acid metabolism. In protocol 1, 14 patients scheduled for elective intra-abdominal surgery (11 undergoing bariatric surgery for severe obesity) cons...
Mechanisms of navigating goals after testicular cancer: meaning and emotion regulation.

Author(s): Hoyt, Michael A; Nelson, Christian J; Darabos, Katie; Marin-Chollom, Amanda; Stanton, Annette L | Abstract: ObjectiveThe navigation of major life goals can be challenging to cancer survivors, particularly during young adulthood. This study examined the relationships of goal navigation skills (e.g., goal identification, goal clarification, and goal adjustment) with having a sense of life meaning, emotion regulation coping processes, and physical and psychological health indicators in young adult survivors of testicular cancer.MethodsMen ages 18 to 29nyears (N = 171; M age = 25.2, SD = 3.32) with a history of testicular cancer were recruited via the California State Cancer Registry and completed questionnaire measures including assessments of goal navigation, sense of meaning, emotional approach coping, and indicators of physical and psychological well-being.ResultsGoal navigation skills were negatively related to depressive symptoms (r = -0.41, p l 0.01) and positively related to physical functioning (r = 0.28, p l 0.01). Controlling for participant age and months since diagnosis, mediation models revealed significant indirect effects of sense of meaning on depressive symptoms (-0.50, p l 0.05) and physical functioning (0.34, p l 0.05). Similarly, emotion-regulating coping had significant indirect effects on depressive symptoms (-0.08, p l 0.05) and physical functioning (0.11, p l 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with a self-regulation framework, goal navigation skill is related to physical and psychological well-being via its association with maintenance of a sense of meaning as well as successful attempts at regulation of emotions. The study provides preliminary evidence that these skill-based processes relate to adjustment to cancer in young adults. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.