cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Social Media Use among Ophthalmology Residents

Objective To assess ophthalmology trainees' self-reported use of and attitudes toward social media. Methods An online survey was distributed by email to ophthalmology residency applicants of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between September 2016 and January 2020. Results Of the 1,688 email recipients, the survey was filled by 208 ophthalmology trainees (12.3%). Nearly all trainees reported using social media for personal purposes (92.3%), while less than half used social media for professional purposes (43.4%). There were mixed sentiments regarding the impact of social media on the patient–physician relationship, with the majority feeling that it challenges a physician's authority (55.2%) but also empowers the patient (57.5%) and encourages shared care (92.8%). Twenty-five percent of trainees had reviewed professional social media guidelines, and most rated the quality of medical information on social media as “poor” (60.9%). There were low rates of trainees looking up patients (13.8%), providing their account information to patients (1.5%), responding to patients' messages (2.6%), following patients' accounts (2.6%), and being followed by patients (2.6%). Conclusion The majority of ophthalmology trainees are active on social media. As these trainees enter practice, ophthalmology will likely see a rise in social media use. Training programs should consider a formal social media policy that is shared with all trainees as part of their education.
AKT activity following exposure to IMC-C225 alone, radiation alone or a combination of both treatments

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 1293 Inhibition of EGFr-induced cellular proliferation has been accomplished with anti-EGFr monoclonal antibodies or small molecules. These agents inhibit activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase domain and the subsequent activation of downstream events. The physiological process of EGFr-mediated proliferation involves several downstream cellular events including activation of AKT as measured by Thr308 and Ser473 AKT phosphorylation. We explored the inhibition of EGFr with the blocking antibody, IMC-C225, in relation to AKT inhibition in A431 squamous cell carcinoma cells. Time course studies of this process revealed that receptor inhibition resulted in decreased AKT activation for exposure to IMC-C225 (5μg/ml) for less than 12 hours. This effect was not found for 24-hour exposures to IMC-C225. Furthermore, greater inhibition of AKT activation occurred as time of exposure to IMC-C225 was reduced from 12 hours to 1.5 hours. Next, exposure of cells to radiation alone (3 or 10 Gy) resulted in increased activation of AKT. The time course of this effect revealed that it was more prominent for time periods of less than 4 hours after radiation treatment compared to greater post-radiation time periods. Combination treatments of IMC-C225 and radiation also showed the greatest inhibition of activated AKT during the first 6 hours after treatment with radiation and IMC-C225. The potential significance of these time course studies will be discussed.
Learning and economic policy choices with an application to IMF agreements

I discuss the role of learning in economic policy choices. I test whether choices of policies are driven by experience under them. A Bayesian approach is adopted to tackle this issue and hence, the paper is also an account of the possibilities and limits of this approach. The decision to sign IMF agreements is used as illustration. The model of rational learning suggests that governments are more likely to enter into agreements with the IMF after learning from their own and from the world experience that average results under agreements are better. Also, governments are prone to take risks when they observe very good performers under IMF agreements at the world and at the regional level. However, they are unlikely to continue under a policy that is costly as soon as growth resumes in the region. The rationalistic reading of this behavior is that governments avoid remaining under a costly policy in isolation. A more detailed research is needed in order to adjudicate among this account of switches and an alternative one that emphasizes deviations to the rational rule as the ultimate cause of choices. * Juan March Institute, Spain. Visiting Scholar at New York University, Department of Politics. Early steps of this research were carried out under the Training and Mobility of Researchers Program at the European Center for the Analysis of the Social Sciences (ECASS), Essex University, U. K, November-December, 1998. This paper is work in progress. Please, do not cite without the author’s permission.
Density matrix embedding in an antisymmetrized geminal power bath

Density matrix embedding theory (DMET) has emerged as a powerful tool for performing wave function-in-wave function embedding for strongly correlated systems. In traditional DMET, an accurate calculation is performed on a small impurity embedded in a mean field bath. Here, we extend the original DMET equations to account for correlation in the bath via an antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP) wave function. The resulting formalism has a number of advantages. First, it allows one to properly treat the weak correlation limit of independent pairs, which DMET is unable to do with a mean-field bath. Second, it associates a size extensive correlation energy with a given density matrix (for the models tested), which AGP by itself is incapable of providing. Third, it provides a reasonable description of charge redistribution in strongly correlated but non-periodic systems. Thus, AGP-DMET appears to be a good starting point for describing electron correlation in molecules, which are aperiodic and possess both strong and weak electron correlation.
In vitro effects of C-reactive protein on phagocytosis.

Abstract Hokama, Y. (University of California, Los Angeles), Monroe K. Coleman, and Richard F. Riley. In vitro effects of C-reactive protein on phagocytosis. J. Bacteriol. 83:1017–1024. 1962. Carbonyl iron spherules, Diplococcus pneumoniae types IIs and XXVIIs, and Serratia marcescens were phagocytosed more rapidly and in greater numbers by leukocytes of normal human blood after incubation with C-reactive protein. With the exception of carbonyl iron spherules, addition of C-reactive protein to whole blood containing substrate had little effect on the extent of phagocytosis. Normal and acute-phase seromucoid Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and crude endogenous pyrogen were without a stimulating effect under the same conditions in the homologous systems employed.
Agreement of Parent and Child Reports of Trauma Exposure and Symptoms in the Peritraumatic Period

Exposure to violence and potentially traumatic events (PTE) is a common experience among children and youth. The assessment of necessary intervention relies upon parental acknowledgement of exposure and recognition of their child's distress. Early interventions and treatment are most effective when parents are aware of the nature of the traumatic exposure, understand their child's symptomatic response, and are intimately involved in the treatment process. The present study investigated concordance between parents and exposed children on child trauma history, the subjective report of the impact of the traumas experienced, and presence of PTSD symptoms. Agreement between parent and child report of traumas experienced was non-significant for serious accidents, separation from significant others, and physical assaults. Non-significant agreement was also found for avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. Correlations were not significant between parent and child report of the impact of traumas both at the time of the incident and at the time of the interview. Recommendations are suggested for helping parents improve their capacity to understand the potential impact of exposure on the child's psychological functioning.
Conceptual construct and empirical validation of a multifaceted instrument for translator satisfaction

The evolution of the language industry over the last two decades has led to drastic changes in the translation process, the translator professional profile and overall organizational dynamics within the industry. Globalization trends such as the advent of Internet-related technologies, outsourcing and the emergence of new organizational structures have modified the modus operandi across the language industry. These trends have affected translator work behavior, particularly individual levels of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the workplace, and arguably redefined the profession itself. Despite the significant impact of these trends, translator satisfaction has been overlooked in translation studies. This article presents an attempt to understand satisfaction in the language industry and develop an instrument for specifically measuring task and job satisfaction among translators. Translator satisfaction is assessed through an online survey questionnaire that is designed to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The process of instrument development, piloting, data collection and preliminary empirical validation are also presented in this paper in order to comprehend sources of satisfaction or dissatisfaction among active translation professionals.
Systems pharmacology modeling: an approach to improving drug safety

Advances in systems biology in conjunction with the expansion in knowledge of drug effects and diseases present an unprecedented opportunity to extend traditional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling/analysis to conduct systems pharmacology modeling. Many drugs that cause liver injury and myopathies have been studied extensively. Mitochondrion-centric systems pharmacology modeling is important since drug toxicity across a large number of pharmacological classes converges to mitochondrial injury and death. Approaches to systems pharmacology modeling of drug effects need to consider drug exposure, organelle and cellular phenotypes across all key cell types of human organs, organ-specific clinical biomarkers/phenotypes, gene-drug interaction and immune responses. Systems modeling approaches, that leverage the knowledge base constructed from curating a selected list of drugs across a wide range of pharmacological classes, will provide a critically needed blueprint for making informed decisions to reduce the rate of attrition for drugs in development and increase the number of drugs with an acceptable benefit/risk ratio.
Oxidative coupling. : III. The duco reaction

Abstract Acylsulfonamide dianions function as efficient synthetic intermediates and are especially suitable for Doubly Unsymmetrical Carbanion Oxidation.
Dynamic Dependence Analysis: A Novel Method for Data Depndence Evaluation

A dynamic evaluation of the effects of data dependence analysis in the Perfect Benchmarks is demonstrated. We show that it is possible to measure the optimal parallelism, as defined by our model, and to compare the obtained parallelism for various data dependence tests with the optimal parallelism. We find that a variation of Banerjee's inequalities is sufficient in all cases to obtain more than half of the available parallelism, and that the Omega test does not contribute significantly to the measured parallelism.
Integrating the humanities with engineering through a course in the rise of modern science

The goal of integrating the humanities with engineering education is implied by the ABET requirement that "the humanities and social sciences must be planned to reflect a rationale or fulfil an objective appropriate to the engineering profession and course work in the humanities and social sciences must be an integral part of the engineering program." One way to integrate the humanities into engineering curricula is by creating humanities courses which are integrated with science and engineering courses taken in the freshman year. We modified an existing history course on the rise of modern science so that it was integrated with the first physics course (mechanics) taken by engineers. Integration with the physics course was accomplished in two ways. The course material for both courses deals with the same material-Newton's laws, the discoveries of Galileo, Hooke, Keppler, etc. The physics course concentrates on the mathematics of these discoveries and their physical applications, while the history course focuses on the cultural environment and consequences of these discoveries. Secondly, there is chronological integration-students study the times of Newton and other discoverers at the same time they are studying about their laws. This paper contains a description of this course, a post-mortem of what worked and what did not, the results of an assessment, and recommendations for the design of such courses in the future.
USE OF S-METHYLCYSTEINE AND CYSTATHIONINE BY METHIONINELESS NEUROSPORA MUTANTS

Wiebers, Joyce L. (Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.), and Harold R. Garner. Use of S-methylcysteine and cystathionine by methionineless Neurospora mutants. J. Bacteriol. 88:1798-1804. 1964.-Radioactive methionine was found in hydrolysates of various strains of Neurospora crassa when either S-methylcysteine (SMC)-C(14)H(3) or SMC-S(35) is the sole addition to minimal medium. Isotope product-precursor specific activity ratios are very similar for the two sources of label. Wild-type and methionineless mutants use sulfur from SMC in the biosynthesis of methionine, but not of cysteine, when grown in regular medium. With a medium nearly free from sulfate, SMC served as a source of sulfur for both cysteine and methionine. Suppressed methionineless mutants incorporated sulfur from SMC into cellular cysteine even in the presence of normal amounts of sulfate. SMC as a possible metabolic precursor of methionine was compared to cystathionine in an experiment with wild-type Neurospora. The four sources of label used were: SMC-C(14)H(3), SMC-S(35), cystathionine-U-C(14), and cystathionine-S(35). In each flask, the organism was offered one of the labeled compounds plus an equivalent amount of the other compound without label. The amount of each compound was sufficient for either to supply its contribution to all of the cellular methionine, if it were successful in competing with endogenous sources. To avoid adaptive breakdown of substrates, the compounds were added continuously at a rate consistent with the amount of growth present. The ratio of specific activity of cellular methionine to precursor was determined for each labeled compound. The results show that SMC sulfur and methyl carbon are used equally well. Cystathionine carbon and sulfur appear to be equally utilized also. A preference for cystathionine is indicated.
Cell proliferative activity of injured periodontal tissue

Fifty-six, female, BNL strain mice, 26 weeks of age, received a modified “gingiveclomy” excising, the gingival papilla mesial to the maxillary left first molar. The right maxillae served as the uninjured control site. Additional non-injured mice were utilized as further controls. At varying time intervals, groups containing 4 mice each were sacrificed over a 3 months experimental period. One hour prior to sacrifice, each animal received a subcutaneous injection of 1 uCi of H3TDR/gm of body weight. At sacrifice, both left and right maxillae were dissectedd out and prepared for histologic and autoradiographic study. Following injury, the highest proliferative activity was encountered at the epithelial wound edge. This activity became prominent about 8 to 15 days after injury, while the adjacent crestal epithelium demonstrated a markedly increased activity as early as 16 hours after wounding. The reformed junctional and crevicular epithelium, and adjacent fibroblasts, still exhibited elevated activity at one month post-injury and returned to control range values between one and three month following wounding. The remaining fibroblasts, osteoblasts and cementoblasts around the wound periphery showed markedly elevated activity as early as one to two days post-injury which returned to control levels between 2 to 4 weeks after wounding.
REGULATION OF TYROSINASE MRNA IN MOUSE MELANOMA CELLS BY ALPHA -MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE

Cloudman S-91 mouse melanoma cells respond to alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) by demonstrating a marked increase in tyrosinase activity (O-diphenol-O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1). This increase is the result of increased levels of tyrosinase mRNA with a subsequent increase in tyrosinase abundance. Our studies were carried out to determine the effect of melanocyte-stimulating hormone on tyrosinase gene transcription and to measure the kinetics of the hormone-induced increase in tyrosinase mRNA. When melanoma cells were exposed continuously to melanocyte-stimulating hormone for 6 d, a large but transient increase in both tyrosinase mRNA abundance and enzyme activity were observed. The maximum increase in tyrosinase mRNA occurred 60 h after melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulation and was followed by a decline in message levels even though cells were continuously exposed to hormone. Results of nuclear run-off transcription assays showed that melanocyte-stimulating hormone caused a slow increase in the rate of transcription of the tyrosinase gene with a maximal 6-fold stimulation occurring at 48 h. In cells treated with the ribonucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, tyrosinase mRNA levels decayed with a half-life of 4-5 h. This decay rate was unaffected by treatment of cells with melanocyte-stimulating hormone, indicating that the hormone does not act to stabilize tyrosinase ribonucleic acid. Inhibition of protein synthesis by treatment with cycloheximide had no effect on the melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced increase in tyrosinase messenger ribonucleic acid levels suggesting that ongoing protein synthesis is not required for, at least, the initial stimulation of tyrosinase gene transcription by melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
Design and performance analysis of a smart optoelectronic database filter for relational database applications

A challenging task facing the designers for the next generation of archival storage system is to provide storage capacities several orders of magnitude larger than existing systems while maintaining current data access times. To meet this challenge, a smart optoelectronic database filter suitable for large capacity relational database systems that use page-oriented optical storage devices has been developed. The photonic VLSI device technology based database filter monolithically integrates optical detectors, photoreceiver circuits, data manipulation logic, and filter control circuitry onto a single CMOS chip. Since only valid search data is passed to the host computer, the introduction of a database filter can dramatically reduce database search time. This paper presents the design and performance analysis of the database filter system. Simulation data suggested that a 32 X 32-bit filter fabricated in a 0.35 micrometers CMOS process could have an optical page read rate of 263 Mpages/s and support 286 Mrecords/s transfer rate to a host computer.
A Szegö limit formula for conjugates of ψ DO's by Hecke operators

Let Tg be a Hecke operator and let Op(a) be a ψ DO on L2(Γ⧹b). Further, let πλ be the projection onto span {uj: −Δuj = λjuj, Tguj = ϱj(g) uj, √λj ⩽ λ}. We will determine the Szego limit measure μg,a for the operators Tg∗Op(a) Tg: ∝−∞∞ xkdμg,a(x) = limλ → ∞ (1/rank πλ tr(πλT g∗ Op(a) Tgπλ)k. Comparison of μg,a with the Szego limit measure of Op(Tga) shows that Tg∗ Op(a) Tg is quite remote spectrally from Op(Tga).
Post-Occupancy Evaluation An Overview

Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is defined as examination of the effectiveness for human users of occupied, designed environments. POEs generally focus on a single type of designed setting, tend to describe rather than manipulate, and are usually aimed at application. Within this wide focus, POEs vary considerably, and three conceptual dimensions-generality, breadth of focus, and applicability-are useful in cataloguing them. These dimensions are described and their implications for POE sponsorship and methods are discussed. Suggestions are proposed for future developments of the field.
The roles of peritraumatic dissociation, child physical abuse, and child sexual abuse in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and adult victimization

Abstract Objective: Previous research has indicated that women who experience childhood physical abuse or childhood sexual abuse are at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adult victimization. Recently, peritraumatic dissociation (PD) has been suggested as another possible risk factor for PTSD and adult victimization. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of childhood physical and sexual abuse and PD on PTSD and adult victimization. Method: A sample of 467 female college students completed questionnaires about childhood and adult sexual and physical abuse experiences, PD, and PTSD symptoms. Results: The combined sexual and physical abuse (CA) and sexual abuse only (SA) groups reported significantly higher numbers of PTSD symptoms than the physical abuse only (PA) and no abuse (NA) groups. The CA and PA groups reported significantly more adult sexual and physical victimization than the SA and NA groups. Across all four groups, higher levels of PD were associated with higher levels of PTSD and adult sexual and physical victimization. Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that different types of childhood abuse may lead to different adult problems. The results also indicated that PD may have a broad effect on PTSD development and adult victimization.
Governance Framework for IT Transformation Projects in Outsourcing

In the IT Outsourcing industry, a complex transition and transformation process is required for on-boarding large enterprise customers. The process begins after the customer signs a contract, and ends when steady-state operation is attained by the service provider. Large outsourcing deals may last several years, involve several hundred million dollars, and are traditionally highly customized. In this paper, we provide recommendations for a governance framework that can manage the on-boarding stage of large, customized deals. There are no existing governance frameworks that work well from the perspective of the service provider, at the scale and diversity observed in these deals. The framework must standardize a set of processes to direct, control, and measure on-boarding activities and enable a governance organization to create and maintain a single data, process and program management instance for each customer. It must also maintain a well-defined and comprehensive view of the key entities in the transition and transformation process, and their relationships. These entities may include projects, people, roles and responsibilities, process metrics, services, and the multiple internal and partner organizations and their operational level agreements (OLAs). Finally, the framework must improve repeatability across service deals, enforce adoption of best practices that are distilled from historical deals, and better avoid known problems and issues.
141 QUALITY ASSURANCE SCORES FOR PAEDIATRIC TRANSPORT

Background: Various scores (eg PRISM/CRIB) allow for quality assurance (QA) of care. Interhospital transport needs similar audit. Method: 108 children coming to our ICU were assessed prospectively at 3 stages of care (initial contact, admission, next day) using 5 overlapping scores measuring clinical/physiological condition: PCS (Pediatric Coma Score), RAPS (Rapid Acute Physiology Score), PTS (Pediatric Trauma Score), RTS (Revised Trauma Score) and modified APACHE score. Results: The 4 retained scales (APACHE was discarded - too complex) demonstrated substantial agreement in 3 age groups ( 2 hrs (N=28), and NT - no transport (ER admission) (N=37). T and NT groups differed significantly at initial contact and the following morning the NT cases had elevated PTS and PCS scores. A repeated measures MANOVA of the 4 scales at initial contact and admission by T/NT group, age group and neurological versus respiratory condition indicated a significant interaction between NT group and occasion (F=2.14, df=8, 182 p=0.034) due to elevated PCS and PTS scores in the NT group at initial contact. When all three occasions were considered (N=77), a significant effect was found for occasion (F=6.22, df=8, 58 p<0.001). This was entirely due to the 4 scale contrasts between initial contact and next day scores. No significant interactions with occasion were found. Conclusion: The 4 scores provide a QA measure for transport, reliably monitoring stability or change in condition.
Multivariate relationships between measures of learning style and memory

Abstract Three self-report instruments assessing “learning style” were administered to 106 undergraduate students: the Inventory of Learning Processes, the Study Behavior Questionnaire, and the Learning Style Inventory. Performance measures on word list and prose learning tasks were also obtained using both immediate and delayed retention tests. Canonical correlation analysis of the pairs of learning style instruments indicated that there was a small to moderate amount of overlapped variance. Inspection of the canonical variates revealed that what overlap existed was generally due to a common factor related to the depth of processing conception of memory. No significant canonical correlations were obtained between any of the learning style instruments and word list retention measures. However, the Inventory of Learning Processes and the Learning Style Inventory each obtained one significant canonical correlation with the set of prose retention measures. There was little overlap between sets of retention measures derived separately from prose and word list tasks. The findings have implications concerning (a) the validity and equivalency of available self-report instruments assessing learning style, (b) the role of the learning task in studying individual differences in learning and memory processes, and (c) the assessment of “depth of processing” at the level of individual differences.
Structure, Function, and Biophysical Aspects of k-Neurotoxins

AbstractThe k-neurotoxins are a small group of proteins belonging to the “α-bungarotoxin” family of proteins derived from the venom of elapid and hydrophid snakes. They are related by their amino acid sequence similarity as well as their three dimensional structure. Members of this family include the k-and α-neurotoxins, muscarinic toxins, cytotoxins, cardiotoxins, fasciculins, calciseptins and mambins. Like the α-neurotoxins, k-neurotoxins bind to and inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but are distinguished from the α-neurotoxins by their receptor specificity and differential binding kinetics. k-Neurotoxins are also distinguished by their ability to form dimers in solution at physiological concentrations. The available evidence suggests that the dimer nature of k-neurotoxins plays a role both in the mechanism by which their polypeptide chain folds to produce the mature toxin as well as potential involvement in their interaction with their respective receptors.
Eosinophilic cystitis: Advanced disease requiring surgical intervention

Abstract Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare disease of unknown origin, simulates bladder neoplasms and interstitial cystitis. Since the first report by Brown in 1959, 1 35 additional cases have appeared in the literature. Reported here are 3 cases with advanced forms of this disease which failed to respond to antibiotics, antihistamines, steroids, fulguration, and, finally were subjected to cystectomy and urinary diversion after periods of five to fifteen years.
ROLE OF DENDRITIC AND FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS IN HIV INFECTION AND PATHOGENESIS

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) play important roles in HIV-mediated pathogenesis. Recent studies have defined new DC subsets and shown that DCs in lymphoid mucosa can both harbor virus and stimulate its spread into CD4 + T cells. FDCs harbor unspliced HIV mRNA and immune complexed virus, but not actively infectious virus, yet these cells are a key regulated reservoir of virions.
The ATLAS computing model: status, plans and future possibilities

Abstract The ATLAS collaboration [The ATLAS webpage is located at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/index.html . [1] ] has been preparing for Large Hadron Collider (LHC) running for more than 20 years. By summer of 2007 we expect the first colliding beams of protons and the start of a data deluge involving many petabytes of data per year. The collaboration is eagerly anticipating the many possible scientific discoveries which may lie hidden in this massive amount of information. I will discuss how the ATLAS collaboration is planning to manage this large amount of data and provide physicists the infrastructure required to: – Calibrate and align detector subsystems to produce well understood data; – Realistically simulate the ATLAS detector and underlying physics of interest; – Provide access to ATLAS data globally; – Define, manage, search and analyze data-sets of interest. There are also numerous research activities in networking and grids which could eventually have a significant impact on the ability of ATLAS (and LHC) physicists to quickly access distributed data sets and effectively manage and utilize their computational, storage and network resources. I will cover some of the research in this area and indicate how it might benefit ATLAS in augmenting and extending its infrastructure.
Reduction of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Infestation in Head Cabbage by Overhead Irrigation

A study was conducted in 1992 and 1993 at the Pinney Purdue Research Station in Wanatah, IN, to investigate the impact of overhead irrigation on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), infestation in head cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata . When irrigation water was applied to cabbage by Whiz head, Mini head, or Buckner head sprinklers, diamondback moth infestations were reduced by 37.5-63.9% compared with a drip-irrigated control. All sprinkler heads resulted in significantly fewer diamondback moth numbers compared with the control, but no differences were noted among overhead irrigation treatments. Irrigation timed and applied daily with the Mini head sprinkler resulted in greatest reduction in diamondback moths. Sprinkler treatments applied between 1500 and 1700 hours continuously, 2000 and 2200 hours continuously, and 2000 and 2330 hours intermittently resulted in an average 53.7, 72.9, and 85.9% reduction in diamondback moth infestation, respectively. Best results were obtained by intermittent daily application of overhead irrigation between 2000 and 2330 hours.
Orienting and adaptive cardiovascular responses to heat and cold.

The purpose of the study was to test nine hypotheses derived from the theory of E. N. Sokolov. The hypotheses tested dealt with the habituation and return of the orienting response, and with the relationship between the orienting and adaptive responses. Three presentations of an auditory stimulus were interpolated among a series of 28 presentations of a cold stimulus administered to one group of 13 human subjects and among 28 presentations of a hot stimulus administered to another group of 13 subjects. Heart rate and amplitude and latency of vasomotor response to all stimuli were measured using a finger photoplethysmograph. When vasoconstrictive orienting responses to hot and to cold habituated out, vasoconstrictive adaptive responses to cold and vasodilatory adaptive responses to heat appeared. Eight of the nine hypotheses were confirmed, thereby providing strong support for Sokolov's theory, upon which the hypotheses were based.
Social organization of the pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus): Multivariate analysis of intracommunity associations

We examined association patterns of wild, nonprovisioned pygmy chimpanzees in the central rain forest of Zaire. Associations among individuals within two communities (Hedons and Rangers) and one splinter group (Blobs) were described using two measures: the proportion of time spent together in parties, and the proportion of time spent in close proximity while feeding. Patterns were exposed using multivariate analysis and tested using nonparametric (Mantel) tests. Associations among females characterized the social interactions of both Hedons and Blobs. Associations among males, and between males and females, were common only for the Rangers. Parties of Blobs tended to be small (average size: 4), whereas parties of Hedons were of variable size (average: 7), and those of Rangers were predominantly large (average: 10). Thus, variation in association patterns corresponded loosely to differences in party size. Associations among females were most prevalent in small parties. By contrast, associations among males and between males and females were more apparent in large parties. This intracommunity correlation of social organization and party size parallels differences between the Lomako and Wamba study sites. This relationship may reflect the importance of female alliances when food is limited and the ability of single males to monopolize small, but not large, parties of associated females.
Thromboxane Receptor Blockade Causes Acidemia in the Ovine Fetus

The placenta produces the vasoactive eicosanoids thromboxane and prostacyclin. We hypothesized that fetal administration of SQ 29,548, a thromboxane receptor blocker, would lack direct cardiorespiratory effects in the ovine fetus. Continuous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rates, blood pressures, and common umbilical artery blood flow was performed in six chronically catheterized pregnant ewes. Serial maternal and fetal arterial blood gases and serum lactates were obtained. After 120 minutes of infusion, a significant decrease in fetal mean arterial pressure and a significant increase in fetal heart rate was observed. A significant decrease in fetal arterial pH (7.41 ± 0.02 to 7.33 ± 0.02), PO2 (26.8 ± 3.2 to 19.8 ± 3.4), HCO3− (27.2 ± 1.5 to 24.9 ± 2.0), and base excess (2.9 ± 1.6 to 0.2 ± 2.3) with a significant elevation in PCO2 (45.4 ± 2.6 to 50.1 ± 3.3) occurred after 120 minutes of SQ 29,548 infusion. SQ 29,548 infusion caused a significant decrease in common umbilical artery flow, from 249.4...
Genogram: a useful tool for nurse practitioners

This paper presents the genogram, originated by family therapists and utilized in the psychosocial field, as a valuable tool to be used by the nurse practitioner. The nurse practitioner from any area of practice, primary care, women's health, paediatrics, geriatrics, psychiatry, in any setting (hospital, clinic, school, industry, community and home), requires a tool that provides a comprehensive assessment of the client and the factors that affect their health. The theoretical background of Bowen's family system theory and of systems theory is reviewed as the genogram evolved from the theories. Two hypothetical case illustrations utilizing the genogram are presented, one presenting only medical problems, the other presenting medical, psychiatric and family relationships. The usefulness of the genogram is not new, but it is reviewed here for its value to the nurse practitioner. Evidence leads to the conclusion that the genogram is an assessment tool that enhances intervention strategy and communication in the client's record. It augments treatment planning, care provision, health promotion and prevention, as well as cost management.
Differentially private distributed protocol for electric vehicle charging

In distributed electric vehicle (EV) charging, an optimization problem is solved iteratively between a central server and the charging stations by exchanging coordination signals that are publicly available to all stations. The coordination signals depend on user demand reported by charging stations and may reveal private information of the users at the stations. From the public signals, an adversary can potentially decode private user information and put user privacy at risk. This paper develops a distributed EV charging algorithm that preserves differential privacy, which is a notion of privacy recently introduced and studied in theoretical computer science. The algorithm is based on the so-called Laplace mechanism, which perturbs the public signal with Laplace noise whose magnitude is determined by the sensitivity of the public signal with respect to changes in user information. The paper derives the sensitivity and analyzes the suboptimality of the differentially private charging algorithm. In particular, we obtain a bound on suboptimality by viewing the algorithm as an implementation of stochastic gradient descent. In the end, numerical experiments are performed to investigate various aspects of the algorithm when being used in practice, including the number of iterations and tradeoffs between privacy level and suboptimality.
Development of semi-continuous and continuous flow bioreactors for the high level production of chloroperoxidase

Continuous and semi-continuous flow bioreactors have been developed for the production of chloroperoxidase, which is secreted by the fungusCaldariomyces fumago. The semi-continuous system facilitated the harvest of mycelium-free supernatant for 200 days from a single inoculum, with enzyme levels greater than 600 mg/l during the first 80 days. The continuous flow bioreactor yielded essentially pure enzyme at the rate of 117 mg/day.
Finite Element Plate Formulation Including Transverse Shear Effects for Representing Composite Shell Structures

A finite element formulation for the analysis of thin to moderately thick laminated composite shell structures is presented. A plate type element is developed with shear effects included by relaxing the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis and prescribing the neu tral surface displacements independently from the rotations. The in-plane layer stresses are calculated using the constitutive equations. Once the in-plane stress variation has been obtained, the equilibrium equations are integrated to obtain the transverse shear and nor mal stresses. Two example problems are considered herein. For symmetric angle-plied or unidirectional winding it has been found that a pressurized cylinder, in addition to expand ing radially, also rotates about its axis. This contradicts the assumption that a symmetri cally wound cylinder under pressure exhibits axisymmetric deformation; thus a full cylin der model must be analyzed to produce the actual deformation. Laminated circular cylindrical shells are also analyzed with both clamped ...
Error-aware power management for memory dominated OFDM systems

Mobile wireless systems are typically designed assuming worst-case propagation scenarios, a situation that occurs infrequently in real-life. To reduce power, we exploit the dynamic and statistical nature of wireless signals to aggressively scale the supply voltage using Voltage over Scaling (VoS) on buffering memory modules during run-time. VoS introduces a controlled amount of spatially random errors in embedded memory modules. This paper presents a novel approach to model VoS induced noise as Gaussian noise that can be analytically described to obtain the system performance in terms of BER and PER. Finally, a power management policy is presented that utilizes the available slack in the received SNR with the goal of minimizing power consumption, while keeping performance within normative margins.
High-energy Cosmogenic Neutrinos☆

Abstract Cosmic ray (CR) interactions with the cosmic radiation background are a guaranteed source of high-energy neutrinos. The most optimistic scenario assumes the dominance of CR protons at ultra-high energies (UHE) that rapidly interact with the cosmic microwave background above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff. The GZK neutrino prediction of this scenario is testable with present and near-future neutrino observatories. On the other hand, if heavy nuclei dominate the UHE CR spectrum the predictions of GZK neutrinos become smaller by orders of magnitude. I will review the predictions of different UHE CR models and summarize the present status of GZK neutrino searches.
Identification of Isorhamnetin 4‘-Glucoside in Onions

Seven major flavonoid compounds in onions were separated, isolated, and identified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The flavonoids were quercetin, quercetin monoglucoside, quercetin diglucoside, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin glycoside, rutin, and kaempferol. Glucosylation of the glucose moiety of isorhamnetin glucoside was the 4‘-O-glucoside. Keywords: Flavonoids; flavonols; flavonol glycoside; quercetin, isorhamnetin 4‘-glucoside; onions
Mechanisms of direct inhibition of the respiratory sulfate-reduction pathway by (per)chlorate and nitrate

We investigated perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) and chlorate (ClO(3)(-)) (collectively (per)chlorate) in comparison with nitrate as potential inhibitors of sulfide (H(2)S) production by mesophilic sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs). We demonstrate the specificity and potency of (per)chlorate as direct SRM inhibitors in both pure cultures and undefined sulfidogenic communities. We demonstrate that (per)chlorate and nitrate are antagonistic inhibitors and resistance is cross-inducible implying that these compounds share at least one common mechanism of resistance. Using tagged-transposon pools we identified genes responsible for sensitivity and resistance in Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20. We found that mutants in Dde_2702 (Rex), a repressor of the central sulfate-reduction pathway were resistant to both (per)chlorate and nitrate. In general, Rex derepresses its regulon in response to increasing intracellular NADH:NAD(+) ratios. In cells in which respiratory sulfate reduction is inhibited, NADH:NAD(+) ratios should increase leading to derepression of the sulfate-reduction pathway. In support of this, in (per)chlorate or nitrate-stressed wild-type G20 we observed higher NADH:NAD(+) ratios, increased transcripts and increased peptide counts for genes in the core Rex regulon. We conclude that one mode of (per)chlorate and nitrate toxicity is as direct inhibitors of the central sulfate-reduction pathway. Our results demonstrate that (per)chlorate are more potent inhibitors than nitrate in both pure cultures and communities, implying that they represent an attractive alternative for controlling sulfidogenesis in industrial ecosystems. Of these, perchlorate offers better application logistics because of its inhibitory potency, solubility, relative chemical stability, low affinity for mineral cations and high mobility in environmental systems.
Myocardial infarction, viral infection, and the cytoskeleton final common pathways of a common disease?

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide and is believed to result from an acute coronary syndrome in most affected individuals ([1][1]). In subjects with MI caused by acute coronary syndrome, the coronary obstruction leads to ischemia, and the
SATISFACTION OF PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS IN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN SETTINGS

This study of physician satisfaction included 70 primary care pediatricians, internists and family practitioners in 6 different types of practice settings: solo practice, small private groups, multi-specialty prepaid groups, multi-specialty fee-for-service groups, neighborhood health centers and a hospital outpatient department. Satisfactions with work, coworkers and pay were the three indices examined. Family practitioners exhibited the highest satisfaction levels in all three areas. Major differences emerged between physicians in traditional settings, i.e. solo and small group than those in more elaborate, modern settings. Two-way analysis of variance by setting and specialty reveals that for all physicians, satisfaction levels were higher in traditional than in modern settings. Also, physicians in traditional settings, regardless of specialty, gave higher ratings to the quality of care they provided and the efficiency of their work than physicians in modern settings. With respect to all these variables, effects of practice setting are statistically significant (p<.05). In traditional settings doctor satisfaction is positively associated with longer visits and with providing patient care directly rather than assisted by paramedical workers. In modern settings, satisfaction is associated with shorter visits and perceived efficiency.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Deltorphin and Dermorphin-Related Glycopeptides

The solid phase procedure, based on the Fmoc chemistry, was used to prepare some opioid deltorphin (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly-NH2, DEL C) and dermorphin (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2, DER) analogues in which a d-glucopyranosyl moiety is β-O-glycosidically linked to a Thr4 or Thr7 side chain. Their activities were determined in binding studies based on displacement of μ- and δ-receptor selective radiolabels from rat brain membrane synaptosomes, in guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejenum bioassays, and, in vivo, by a mouse tail-flick test after intracerebroventricular (icv) and subcutaneous (sc) administrations. The glyco analogues modified at position 4 displayed low opioid properties, while Thr7-glycosylated peptides retained high δ- or μ-selectivity and remarkable activity in vivo. In particular, as systemic antinociceptive agents, the latter glucoside-bearing compounds were more potent than the parent unglycosylated peptide counterparts, showing a high blood to brain rate of influx which may be...
Developmental Gonadal Expression of the Transcription Factor SET and Its Target Gene, P450c17 (17α-Hydroxylase/c17,20 Lyase)

Cytochrome P450c17 catalyzes the 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase activity needed for sex steroid synthesis. We recently characterized the nuclear phosphoprotein SET as a novel transcriptional regulator...
Possible conformations of 5-S ribosomal RNA.

THE determination of the nucleotide sequence of two 5S ribosomal RNAs by Brownlee, Sanger and Barrell represents a major advance in our knowledge of the structure of ribonucleic acids1. This RNA contains only the four normal bases A, U, C and G, and so it is an ideal system on which to test some of the physico-chemical techniques known to be sensitive to the conformation of nucleic acids in solution2–4. There is a wide range of plausible secondary structures which can be devised for 5S ribosomal RNA. The model conformation suggested by Brownlee et al. contains a relatively small percentage of base paired residues. It is possible, however, to design other models in which a much larger number of nucleoside residues is formed into double strand helices. One such model is illustrated in a two dimensional projection in Fig. 1. The remarkable property of this hypothetical conformation is the large fraction of residues in uninterrupted double strands. The number of residues involved in base pairing varies from 82 to 98 out of a total of 120. depending on the identity of the base in position 13 and on whether G–U pairs, two single base pairs and one loop with only two residues are included. The base composition of the 5S ribosomal RNAs would permit a theoretical maximum of 112 base paired residues. In our model as much as 87 per cent of this maximum is attained. This is a much larger percentage of double strand sections than seems possible for any of the transfer RNAs of known sequence5–8.
Physical adsorption of vapors on ice I. Nitrogen

Abstract Ice powder prepared at 77°K. gives nitrogen adsorption isotherms indicating a fairly uniform and not highly polar surface. Annealing at −70°C. leads to adsorption behavior characteristic of a nonpolar surface such as Teflon, and surface inertness towards nitrogen reaches an extreme in the case of snow samples. The type of surface structure indicated by these results is discussed. Considered also is an explanation for the apparently heterogeneous behavior of water as an adsorbent as contrasted with the surface homogeneity of ice observed here.