cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pressureless sintering of submicron titanium carbide powders

Abstract Utilizing laboratory-synthesized submicron powders, monolithic titanium carbide (TiC) was sintered to a relative density of ~ 95.7% through pressureless sintering (PS) at a temperature of 1700 °C, which is at least ~ 400 °C lower than any other reported sintering temperatures. By comparing with commercial micron grade TiC, results indicate that the utilization of submicron carbide powders can enhance the sintering driving force, inhibit the grain and pore growth, and consequently accelerate the densification. The sample sintered at 1700 °C has a relative density of ~ 95.7%, fine microstructures with a grain size of ~ 5.5 ± 0.7 µm, a moderate Vickers hardness of ~ 20.3 ± 1.3 GPa, and a high flexural strength of ~ 383.5 ± 20.5 MPa.
Angelman Syndrome: An Autism Spectrum Disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorders limit the mental, physical, and social lives of affected individuals and their families. These disorders are often related to genetic abnormalities having a distinct chromosomal location. The abnormalities can cause incorrect proteins to be formed or biochemical pathways to be blocked, predominately affecting brain development, but also having pleiotropic effects. Research into defining and correcting these genetic abnormalities is important to help distinguish between unique neurodevelopmental disorders so that proper clinical interventions are available for affected individuals. In the following review, Angelman syndrome, which results from UBE3A gene function being lost at maternal chromosome 15q11.2-q13, will be discussed. Angelman patients suffer from the defining characteristics of speech impairment, uncontrolled laughing and smiling, motor development issues, muscle tension, and possible ataxia. The genetic mechanisms of the disorder as well as possible therapies will be discussed, with future areas of research into genetic therapies to treat Angelman syndrome also put forth. Research into Angelman syndrome can provide an avenue for a clearer understanding of other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Potential impact of natural organic ligands on the colloidal stability of silver nanoparticles

Abstract Interaction of natural organic matter (NOM) with engineered nanoparticles (NPs) determine NP fate, transport, and environmental persistence. However, the effect of NOM chemical composition, structure, and concentration on aggregation kinetics and dissolution behavior of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are still poorly understood because of heterogeneity and variability in NOM and AgNP properties. Here, aggregation behavior of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (cit-AgNPs with a z-average diameter of 18 nm) was investigated in the presence of l -cysteine ( l -cys) and N-acetyl l -cysteine (NAL-cys) using UV–vis spectroscopy. We also investigated the effect of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and a NOM isolated from the Yukon River (YRNOM) on the stability of cit-AgNPs. The dissolution of cit-AgNPs decreased with increased L-cys and NAL-cys concentration from 0 to 10 μM. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of cit-AgNPs decreased in the presence of l -cys and increased in the presence of NAL-cys. Similarly, l -cys destabilizes cit-AgNPs in the presence of SRFA. The differences in the stability of cit-AgNPs in the presence of l -cys and NAL-cys can be attributed to the differences in the functional groups in these two cysteine molecules. l -cys has both negatively charged carboxylic group and a positively charged amine group, resulting in bridging between different particles. NAL-cys is a derivative of cysteine wherein an acetyl group is attached to the nitrogen atom thus shielding the positive charge on the amine group and therefore eliminating the bridging interaction mechanism. SRFA and YRNOM enhanced the stability of cit-AgNPs and increased the CCC value to higher counter ion concentrations. The concentration of SRFA (1–5 mg L− 1) did not affect the CCC, whereas the increased concentration of YRNOM increased the CCC of cit-AgNPs to high Na+ concentrations likely due to increased sorption of higher molecular weight compounds on the surface of cit-AgNPs. The outcome of this study suggests the importance of understanding the molecular properties of NOM (e.g. functional groups and molecular weight) in determining cit-AgNP environmental behaviors.
Selecting for Disabilities: Selection Versus Modification

This essay considers one argument used to defend parents who use preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to select for deafness and other disabilities. Some bioethicists have argued that a distinction should be drawn between genetically modifying embryos to possess disabilities and using PGD to select embryos that already present markers of them, and that the former is unethical because it inflicts avoidable harms onto the resulting children, whereas the latter is permissible because it allows children with potentially impaired abilities to exist. This essay raises doubts about whether a meaningful moral distinction can be drawn between modification and selection. Arguments which distinguish modification from selection can be understood in two ways. One is to read them as presenting a No Harm, No Foul argument. Another is to read them as presenting a Harming Versus Letting Be argument. Neither succeeds, however, either in establishing a meaningful moral distinction between modification and selection, or in showing that the second is morally permissible in contradistinction to the first.
Conclusions: Can We Go Beyond Criminalizing, Pathologizing, and Trivializing? Or, the Problems of Shooting Yourself in the Foot

This concluding chapter will discuss the arguments presented in the book. It examines the problems of current views that criminalize, pathologize, and trivialize religious ecstasy, and the ways that the field of Religious Studies is “shooting itself in the foot” by delegitimizing its own data. Rather than following the constructivist claim that all religious ecstasy is an imitation of previous religious states, there are seekers and people who are “spiritual but not religious” trying to develop their own understandings of their ecstatic and mystical experiences, refusing to be limited to the older models. The fear of “going native” limits empathy, and the “taboo of subjectivity” limits exploration of ecstatic and mystical experience. We need to create more empathic frameworks and methodologies through which to understand ecstatic religious experiences, and bring back the study of consciousness as an important part of understanding lived ecstasy.
The Franciscans and Books: Lollard Accusations and The Franciscan Response 1

The Middle Ages provide us with a number of theoretical statements about the value of books and libraries to learning and society. They range from brief proverbs—’A monastery without books is like a castle without soldiers’—to full-length treatises such as Richard de Bury’s Philobiblon . What we want to examine here is a series of statements regarding the practical value of access to books and libraries that form part of the litany of criticism aimed at the friars at the end of the fourteenth century, and the formal response of the Oxford Franciscans to these.
SAT0450 Estimating duration of response in systemic lupus erythematosus trials

Background The primary endpoint in SLE trials is usually response to therapy at a landmark visit. However, during a trial, patients may alternate between response and non-response states. Duration of response would therefore be important to assess, but the optimal approach for estimating response duration has not been determined. Analysing response duration only among responders at a landmark visit can result in selection bias. Drop-outs and missed visits further complicate estimation of response duration. Objectives To quantify response duration and assess baseline predictors of transitions into and out of response in SLE patients receiving standard of care (SoC) by fitting a multi-state Markov (MSM) model. Methods Data on 759 SLE patients with active disease (SLEDAI ≥6 at entry) randomised to SoC in 52 week trials was obtained from the Collective Data Analysis Initiative (CDAI) database of the Lupus Foundation of America. The following monthly response endpoints (without medication stipulations) were analysed: SRI-4, SRI-5, SRI-6, and BICLA. A MSM model allowing for bi-directional transitions between response and non-response states was fit to estimate the probability of being in response at 52 weeks, average duration of response (sojourn time) and mean total time in response. Predictors of attainment and loss of SRI-5 response were also identified. Results Based on the MSM model, the probability of being in response at 52 weeks ranged from 42% (SRI-6) to 61% (SRI-4), higher than conventional 52 week landmark response rates that assume non-response for missing data. The estimated mean duration of response ranged from 20.4 weeks (BICLA) to 31.5 weeks (SRI-4). Mean total time in response over 52 weeks based on all patients was 16.4–24.8 weeks. After adjusting for baseline SLEDAI score, patients with lower anti-dsDNA titers were more likely to achieve and maintain SRI-5 response (p Conclusions Factors associated with greater disease severity were consistently associated with shorter response duration on SoC, despite exhibiting variable effects on the probability of achieving response at a given time. Response duration might therefore provide a more discriminating measure to distinguish effective investigational treatments from background SoC, although this remains to be tested. Multi-state models make better use of complex longitudinal clinical trial data and provide a more comprehensive view of the response profile and the role of patient characteristics in different aspects of response. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Sites of Servant Memory in the English Country House: Frederick Gorst and the Gladstone Vase

The everyday handling of objects is an often-overlooked aspect of an English country house servant's duties. However, the care of precious objects is occasionally recorded in servants’ memoirs, tur...
Taking the next steps: Promoting open science and expanding diversity in law and human behavior

In this editorial, the authors note that steady submission rate and a rejection rate that hovers at 80%, indicates the journal is flourishing and provides them with the fortunate opportunity to make an excellent journal even better. To that end, they describe three initiatives they are working on and explain the changes readers can expect as they begin to implement them in the journal. Specifically, these initiatives include: (1) promoting transparency, openness, and reproducibility in published research; (2) improving author-reviewer fit; and (3) expanding the diversity of journal content and decision makers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Impact of solutes on the lattice parameters and elastic stiffness coefficients of hcp Fe from first-principles calculations

Abstract The hexagonal close-packed (hcp) e -martensite phase in steels nucleates from the γ -austenite parent phase and can undergo further transformation to the α ′ -martensite phase or exist as a metastable phase depending on temperature, mechanical loading, and alloy chemistry. The solute-dependent lattice parameters and elastic stiffness coefficients C ij of hcp Fe influence the mechanical properties of steels containing the e -martensite phase, as well as the martensitic transformations between the phases. We use density functional theory to calculate the lattice parameters and C ij of single-crystal hcp Fe as functions of solute concentration in the dilute limit for the substitutional solutes Al, B, Cu, Mn, and Si, and the octahedral interstitial solutes C and N. Our computationally efficient methodology separates the solute dependence of the C ij into lattice strain and chemical bonding contributions. The computed data can be used to estimate the effect of solutes on polycrystalline elastic moduli and the strain energy associated with martensitic transformations. The data can also serve as inputs to microstructure-based models of multiphase steels containing the e -martensite phase.
American Academy of Neurology members' preparedness to treat sexual and gender minorities.

Objective To measure the attitudes and knowledge of American Academy of Neurology (AAN) member neurologists in caring for sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients (e.g., those who identify in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning [LGBTQ+] spectrum) to inform future educational offerings. Methods A questionnaire was created in an iterative process by the LGBTQ+ Survey Task Force, consisting of 21 questions examining self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and clinical preparedness in caring for SGM patients. Participants responded to each statement with a 5-point Likert scale (“strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”). The survey was distributed via electronic and conventional mail to a random, representative sample of 1,000 AAN members. Results The response rate was 13.5% (n = 135). Most respondents (60%–66%) were aware of local and national barriers that inhibit SGM individuals from using health care services; the majority (73%–91%) felt comfortable assessing SGM patients. Over half believed sexual orientation (SO) and gender identity (GI) to be social determinants of health (61% and 57%, respectively). Yet a third would not tailor neurologic care based on a patient9s SGM identity, and 43% believed that SO/GI has no bearing on the management of neurologic illness. Conclusions Most neurologists surveyed were aware of overarching barriers to care experienced by SGM individuals; however, a minority of respondents recognized the intersection of SGM identity with neurologic health. Our results highlight awareness gaps that could be addressed via targeted educational opportunities, ensuring that neurologists provide high-quality neurologic care to patients of all sexual orientations and gender identities.
Effect of cellulose nanocrystals on crystallization, morphology and phase transition of polyamide 6

ABSTRACTNanocomposites comprised of polyamide 6 (PA6) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were prepared by solvent casting and subsequent melt pressing. The role of cellulose nanocrystals on morpholog...
Prevalence of adults who are the targets of parental alienating behaviors and their impact

Abstract Estimating the prevalence of parental alienation is challenging because not all children who are exposed to parental alienating behaviors become alienated (Harman, Bernet, & Harman, 2019). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the proportion of adults who indicate being alienated from a child will be similar to results from a previous poll of North Carolina adults (Harman, Leder-Elder, & Biringen, 2016) using three nationally representative on-line survey panels from United States and Canada, and to determine the mental health impact of parental alienating behaviors. Results from the first two polls indicate that the prevalence of parents who feel they are being alienated from their children is higher than originally estimated: 35.5% (of 273) in the U.S. and 32% (of 397) in Canada. Using another means of assessment for the third poll, 39.1% (of 594) of parents in the US are the non-reciprocating targets of parental alienating behaviors, which is over 22 million parents and confirms previous estimates that did not differentiate between reciprocating and non-reciprocating parents (Harman et al., 2016). Of these, 6.7% of the parents had children who were moderately to severely alienated, which is at least 1.3% of the US population. Alienated parents also had high levels of depression, trauma symptoms, and risk for suicide. Ramifications of these findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Blood type association with bleeding outcomes at delivery in a large multi-center study.

Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal death globally. Recent studies have associated Type-O group to increased risk of bleeding. We aimed to determine if women with Type-O blood are at higher risk of PPH. This is a retrospective cohort analysis of a multi-center database included women admitted to labor and delivery from January 2015 to June 2018. All deliveries resulting in live birth were included. Association between Type-O and non Type-O were examined using chi-square test and fishers exact test. Prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage, estimated blood loss, drop in hematocrit and red blood cell transfusion were compared. The matched sample included 40,964 Type-O and the same number of no Type-O. The overall prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage was 6.4%, and there was no difference in the prevalence of PPH among Type-O compared to non Type-O (6.38% vs. 6.37% respectively; p = 0.96). There was no difference in hematocrit drop and estimated blood loss between Type-O and non Type-O in all deliveries. However, in cesarean delivery there was a significant difference in blood loss among the two groups. Finally, Type-O had 1.09-fold increased risk for transfusion compared to non Type O (95% CI 0.9–1.34). There is an association between Type-O group and risk of bleeding in women undergoing cesarean delivery. More prospective studies, taking into account coagulation profile, platelet count and tissue factors, are needed to draw a conclusion on whether ABO system can be considered a heritable risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
Uptake of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors among medically frail patients with advanced solid malignancies.

e19316Background: There are concerns about use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in medically frail patients, for whom ICIs do not have a proven survival or quality-of-life benefit. We c...
Gender and educational variations in the earnings premiums of occupational credentials

Occupational credentials such as professional licenses and certifications are known to generate significant earnings premiums. Based on this, the federal workforce development policy focuses on industry-recognized occupational credentials for less-educated adults to help them obtain family-supporting jobs without having to invest in a postsecondary degree. This study used data from the 2016–2019 Current Population Survey (CPS) outgoing rotation group samples to examine differences in the earnings premiums associated with occupational credentials by gender and education. Our analyses revealed that the earnings premium of job-required credential holding was greater for women than men. For women, estimates of the earnings premiums do not vary much by education level, while for men, those without a Bachelor's degree tend to have high premiums than those without.
Atrial fibrillation post central retinal artery occlusion: Role of implantable loop recorders.

Objective This study evaluated the risk of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) compared to those with cryptogenic stroke using implantable loop recorders (ILR). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 273 consecutive patients who had ILRs inserted at our institution for either cryptogenic stroke (n = 227) or CRAO (n = 46). Our primary endpoint was a time to event analysis for the new diagnosis of AF by ILR. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the predictors of time-to-AF. Results A total of 64 patients were found to have newly diagnosed AF by remote monitoring of the ILR. AF was detected in 57 of 227 (25%) cryptogenic stroke patients by the end of a maximum 5.1 years follow-up and in 7 of 46 (15%) CRAO patients by the end of a maximum 3.6year follow-up (p = .215, log-rank test). The Kaplan-Meier estimates for freedom from AF was 59.4% for CRAO and 66.6% for cryptogenic stroke (p = NS, log-rank test). Baseline variables predicting AF included older patients, higher CHADS2 VASC score, longer PR interval on initial EKG evaluation and mitral annular calcification (MAC) on transthoracic echocardiogram. Conclusions Patients with CRAO are at risk for subclinical AF, similar to those with cryptogenic stroke. Long term monitoring to detect AF may lead to changes in pharmacotherapy to reduce the risk for subsequent stroke. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Representation of the Women Presidents of the American Society of Criminology

The purpose of this article is to highlight the women presidents of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) within the past decade, and as such, builds upon an earlier peer-reviewed article in 2006 that profiled the first five female presidents of the ASC. Since 2014, six of the last seven ASC presidents have been women: Joanne Belknap, Candace Kruttschnitt, Ruth D. Peterson, Karen Heimer, Meda Chesney-Lind and Sally S. Simpson. Specifically, this article examines how being a woman president has helped represent and shape the discipline of criminology and the ASC. Through a qualitative analysis, it provides further insight into factors contributing to their leadership success and challenges faced within academia and criminology from a female perspective, particularly noting the role of mentoring/networking, being female in a criminology discipline, work-life balance issues, and perspectives of being a female president in a historically male-dominated discipline. This article addresses how the representation of these women presidents has continued to raise the glass ceiling in a historically male-dominated academic discipline and the message it sends to those within the criminology discipline that is, women criminologists have and can continue to achieve success and overcome gender barriers.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Banking

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence applications in the financial sector have been thriving in the recent past. Their immense power has been harnessed in these institutions to offer business solutions in front end and back end processes to create efficiency and improve customer experience. This article will lay bare the applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence and evaluate their utility in different banking industry functional areas and frame how these institutions effectively use computational intelligence to improve their business. While traditional banking institutions are quickly catching up with the computational intelligence technologies with products like Chatbot, fintech companies, which seem to have embrace A.I. a long time ago, plays a critical role through its innovation and contribute substantially to financial intelligence. In conclusion, we can aptly say that Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence technologies are taking over the banking sector, and it seems like there's nothing we can do about it.
Fannie and Freddie Flipped: A Backward Induction Analysis of the GSEs’ Meltdown

The unprecedented growth, eventual take-over of half the mortgage market and ultimate failure of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac stems from the decision-making strategies of the companies’ managers. Using a three-period backwards-induction analysis, this article first explores the history and unilateral benefits the government conferred upon the two government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), and then explains, through the lens of opportunistic managers, why and how Fannie and Freddie engaged in systemically risky activity that ensured their bailouts. I show that although both the decisions and methods of the GSEs' expansions were fraught with moral hazard problems and created a giant burden on taxpayers, the managers acted in a logical manner to maximize shareholder wealth while simultaneously mitigating risk. Thus, the blame for the GSEs rests on the United States' economic policies covering homeownership, which lacked the appropriate mechanisms to monitor and measure the potential harm of Fannie and Freddie. The article concludes with an overview of the Dodd-Frank Act and its ability to prevent future managers from engaging in this type of opportunistic behavior.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: Ongoing Trials, Challenges, and Future Directions

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is increasingly recognized as a distinct subtype of breast cancer with unique management challenges. We reviewed currently available clinical trials for patients with ILC. We describe the rationale for and study design of clinical trials for patients with both early stage and metastatic ILC. Molecular alterations specific to or enriched in ILC may serve as treatment targets. ILC has specific features that may be treatment targets. Clinical trials for ILC are available and being developed.
Legal Pragmatism and Presidential Power: A Case Study

This essay explores the differences between legal pragmatism and formalism as working forms of legal thought. After a short overview of pragmatism and a discussion of Louis Brandeis as an exemplar, it turns to the evolving caselaw regarding presidential removal. This issue has led to notable faceoffs between formalists and pragmatist, from Taft v. Holmes and Brandeis, to Roberts and Thomas v. Kagan. Because of their preference for bright-line rules, formalists have tended to oversimplify Founding era history and post-Founding practice. Pragmatist judges have provided more nuanced historical accounts and have tried to come to grips with the tradeoffs involved in issues of institutional design. The choice between these styles of thought is not inherently tied to differences in ideology or substantive constitutional views. Legal pragmatism has the potential, however, to connect judicial decisions to issues that are meaningful to the public, to provide more transparency into the reasons that motivate decisions, and to promote better dialogue among judges.
Prevalence, co-occurrence, and trajectories of pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety in the year following multiple sclerosis diagnosis.

Background:Pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety are common in multiple sclerosis, but little is known about the presence, co-occurrence, and trajectories of these symptoms in the year after multi...
Control enhancement of an elliptically bent hard x-ray dynamic mirror bender with machine-learning techniques

The hard X-ray adaptive mirror optics will play an important role at next generation light sources. A dynamic mirror bender with capacitive sensor array as an in-situ mirror profiler is used for initial test for hard x-ray zoom optics has been designed and constructed. Previous work showcases the dynamic control of this elliptically bent hard X-ray mirror through applying a combination of neural networks algorithm and feedback control. In this paper, we present further control enhancement with machine learning techniques through optimization of the number and placement of the capacitive sensors and new sensor calibration with video-based coordinate measuring machine.
Feature Extraction and Feature Change Metrics

Coastal change has been historically measured by metrics derived for specific coastal linear features such as shorelines. Linear features are also important for measuring sand dune migration based on the location of dune crests and slip faces and for prediction of coastal vulnerability. In this chapter we present methods for extracting shorelines, dune ridges, dune crests and building footprints from DEMs. Then we measure the change of these features and use them to map vulnerability to storms.
Epoxidation and Ketone Formation by C1-Utilizing Microbes

Publisher Summary Epoxides are extremely valuable products because of their ability to undergo a variety of chemical reactions. The products of epoxidation are industrially important because of their ability to polymerize under thermal, ionic, and free radical catalysis to form epoxy homopolymers and copolymers. Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide constitute the two important commercial epoxides. Past studies of epoxide formation showed that the rate of propylene oxide production was linear for the first 120 minutes for strains CRL M1 and OB3b, and for the first 60 minutes for strain CRL 26. In the epoxidation of propylene by cell suspensions of methane-utilizing bacteria, no formation of 3-hydroxy-l-propene was detected. The first bacterial ketone formation from gaseous alkanes was demonstrated with methane-grown Pseudomonas methanica. This strain was able to oxidize but not assimilate propane and butane, in the presence of the growth substrate (methane). Products of this cooxidation of propane were n -propanol, propionic acid, and acetone.
Foundations of Ethical Practice in the Forensic Sciences

This paper presents an introduction to moral philosophy to assist forensic scientists in thinking more clearly about ethics. A four step model for the analysis of problems is provided. A logical model for reasoned arguments is offered. Two common objections to claims of objective foundations for ethics are considered and criticized. Two leading theories of objective foundations for ethics are considered and criticized. It is suggested that further research in ethics is needed to develop intellectual structures and tools adequate to resolve questions about what constitutes evidence in ethics and how to adjudicate between conflicting ethical theories. The task for forensic scientists is to develop interim ethical guidelines for practice despite the current absence of universally accepted objective foundations for ethics.
Unmasking Class, Gender, and Sexuality in Nicaraguan Festival

Masaya, the provincial capital of Nicaragua, is recognized as the country's “Capital of Nicaraguan Culture.” Here, residents distinguish themselves from urban Nicaragua and the world at large throu...
Recognizing and predicting the impact on human emotion (affect) using computing systems

Emotional intelligence is a clear factor in education [1–3], health care [4], and day to day interaction With the increasing use of computer technology, computers are interacting with more and more individuals This interaction provides an opportunity to increase knowledge about human emotion for human consumption, well-being, and improved computer adaptation. This research makes five main contributions 1) Construct a method for determining a set of sensor features that can be automatically processed to predict human emotional changes in observed people 2) Identify principles, algorithms, and classifiers that enable computational recognition of human emotion 3) Apply this method to an intelligent tutoring system instrumented with sensors 4) Apply and adapt the method to audio and video sensors for a number of applications such as a) detection of psychological disorders, b) detection of emotional changes in health care providers, c) detection of emotional impact of one person on another during video chat, and/or d) detection of emotional impact of one fictional character on another in a motion picture 5) Integrate emotional detection technologies so that they can be used in more realistic settings.
Can the Professor Come Out and Play? - Scholarship, Teaching, and Theories of Play

In January 2008, the authors presented an Open Source program at the National AALS Conference in which they explored the applicability of cognitive/developmental theories of play to our work as scholars and teachers. The authors sang, lectured on theories of play, and involved over 100 law professors in an exercise in which participant groups employed either visual art or music to explain the tort concept of "lost chance." In this article, we build upon that program and present an extensive analysis of the literature on childhood play, focusing on those aspects of the type of "play" which enhances development of creative problem-solving and innovation. We then explore the adult manifestation of this childhood cognitive activity, what John Dewey called a "playful attitude," assessing its implications for our scholarship and teaching. As it turns out, these implications are significant, as we detail in the last two sections of the article where we focus on the nexus between play theory and our work as professors of law.
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation of IL-17 by the RNA-Binding Protein HuR Is Required for Initiation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated Th17 cells and other immune cells. IL-17–producing Th17 cells are major contributors to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Although the transcriptional regulation of Th17 cells is well understood, the posttranscriptional regulation of IL-17 gene expression remains unknown. The RNA-binding protein HuR positively regulates the stability of many target mRNAs via binding the AU-rich elements present in the 3′ untranslated region of many inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α. However, the regulation of IL-17 expression by HuR has not been established. CD4+ Th17 cells from HuR knockout mice had decreased IL-17 steady-state mRNA and protein levels compared with wild-type Th17 cells, as well as decreases in frequency of IL-17+ cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that HuR directly binds to the IL-17 mRNA 3′ untranslated region by using RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin pulldown assays. In addition, the knockout of HuR decreased cellular proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Mice with adoptively transferred HuR KO Th17 cells had delayed initiation and reduced disease severity in the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared with wild-type Th17 cells. Our results reveal a HuR-induced posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of Th17 differentiation that influences IL-17 expression. These findings may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of Th17-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Comparative fractionation studies of cartilage proteinpolysaccharides.

Abstract Proteinpolysaccharides from bovine embryonic rudiments and calf nasal septa were compared by conventional ultracentrifugation in isotonic salt solutions, equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, and free flow electrophoresis. These methods are all suitable for use with large amounts of material and give reliable materials balances. Fractions obtained by any one method could be isolated and then refractionated by the other methods. The main distinction between fractions was in their composition. All fractions of the rudiment proteinpolysaccharide contained more protein than the corresponding nasal septum fractions. In gradient centrifugation, where the distribution of the proteinpolysaccharide was most influenced by protein content, much more of the rudiment proteinpolysaccharide than of the nasal septum proteinpolysaccharide was found in the less dense section of the gradient. Moreover, during conventional ultracentrifugation in isotonic salt solution, much more of the rudiment proteinpolysaccharide separated from the solution as a gel phase. All proteinpolysaccharide fractions obtained by the methods used in this study, regardless of composition, migrate to a characteristic peak area on electrophoresis. The protein-rich fractions of proteinpolysaccharide could be localized in the upper part of the gradient on centrifugation, in the separated, gel phase on conventional ultracentrifugation, and in the more slowly migrating section of the characteristic peak area on electrophoresis. Collagen is found in all high protein fractions and even, to a lesser extent, in the dense fraction of the rudiment proteinpolysaccharide. However, the collagen is not responsible for the distribution pattern of the proteinpolysaccharides on fractionation since that distribution is not altered by the removal of collagen with collagenase. The major component of protein-rich fractions from either tissue was shown to be proteinpolysaccharide by both analytical and electrophoretic criteria. The remixing experiments, which have attributed a specific linking function to a glycoprotein for the aggregation of proteinpolysaccharide, implicitly depend on the absence of proteinpolysaccharide in the low density fractions. Hence, the isolation of proteinpolysaccharide from these fractions questions the validity of such experiments as an unequivocal demonstration of a definitive role for the glycoprotein as a linking agent.
Factors Influencing Students’ Propensity for Semantic and Syntactic Reasoning in Proof Writing: a Case Study

In this paper we present a case study of an individual student who consistently used semantic reasoning to construct proofs in calculus but infrequently used semantic reasoning to produce proofs in linear algebra. We hypothesize that the differences in these reasoning styles can be partially attributed to this student’s familiarity with the content, the teaching styles of the professors who taught him, and the amount of time he was given to complete the tasks. We suggest that there are factors that have been ignored in previous research, including domain, instruction, and methodological constraints, that researchers should consider when ascribing to students a proving style.
Painful Photographs: From the Ethics of Spectatorship to Visual Politics

This essay approaches the problems of picturing pain by focusing on cases in which photography is integral to the infliction of suffering or perpetuation of domination, taking American spectacle lynchings as the primary example. Though morally disturbing, such cases reveal the need to move from a narrow focus on the ethics of spectatorship to a broader analysis of the multiple ways and power-saturated contexts in which images are deployed. Yet this focus on photographic pragmatics cannot slight the formal properties of images but, rather, should sustain an understanding of the ineliminable importance of aesthetics to visual politics.
Educational Programs for Engineering Psychologists: That Depends a Good Deal on Where You Want to Get to1:

Two points of view concerning desirable goals of effective educational programs for engineering psychologists are discussed. One view emphasizes the production of first-rate experimental psychologists who hope to see their efforts contribute to the improvement of man-machine systems. The other view expresses the need for true hybrid scientist-engineers or system scientists who possess a command of the facts and methods of the behavioral and biological sciences as well as the physical sciences. The rationale and implications of these views relative to educational programs for engineering psychology are explored.
Decoherence, relative states, and evolutionary adaptation

We review the decoherent histories approach to the interpretation of quantum mechanics. The Everett relative-state theory is reformulated in terms of decoherent histories. A model of evolutionary adaptation is shown to imply decoherence. A general interpretative framework is proposed: probability and value-definiteness are to have a similar status to the attribution of tense in classical spacetime theory.
A comparison of the response to suxamethonium in post-partum and gynaecological patients.

Summary The response to suxamethonium was assessed in 20 women undergoing tubal ligation on the first or second post-partum day and in 20 women undergoing interval tubal ligation. The dose of suxamethonium which produced 80% depression of control twitch height was significantly lower in the puerperal patients. Similarly, recovery times following injection of a 20-mg bolus of the drug were significantly longer in the post-partum than the non-obstetric group. Cholinesterase activity, determined in six post-partum women, was inversely related to the time to maximal recovery. Thus, smaller doses of suxamethonium are required in the early puerperium.
Domain‐imbedding alternating direction method for linear elliptic equations on irregular regions using collocation

A new method is presented for solving elliptic partial differential equations over two-dimensional irregular regions. The scheme imbeds the irregular region in a rectangle, and then uses an alternating direction iteration to solve the resulting system of linear equations. Collocation with cubic Hermite splines is used for discretization. The method is shown to be equivalent to a multiboundary alternating direction method. A theory of convergence for a simplified case is given, details of implementation are discussed, and two numerical illustrations are presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transneuronal transport in the vestibular and auditory systems of the squirrel monkey and the arctic ground squirrel. II. Auditory system.

Abstract Transneuronal transport in the auditory system of the squirrel monkey and the arctic ground squirrel was studied after implantation of triated protein or glycoprotein precursors into the ampulla of a single semicircular duct. In both species, essentially the same pattern of transneuronal transport extended beyond the cochlear nuclei to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CNIC), after survival periods ranging from 9 to 33 days. Animals displayed dense labeling over nearly all auditory receptors, nearly all portions of the spiral ganglion and throughout the cochlear nuclei (CN). Labeled fibers, mainly in the ventral acoustic stria, terminated over the ipsilateral lateral superior olive (LSO) and the lateral aspect of medial superior olive (MSO). Fibers continuing medially, decussated in an orderly manner, and terminated over the opposite medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) and medial aspect of MSO. Labeled fibers projecting into the opposite lateral lemniscus (LL) terminated in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) and the CNIC. Fibers, but few terminals, were noted over the dorsal nucleus of the LL. The ipsilateral LL contained comparatively few labeled fibers, but sparse terminations occurred over portions of VNLL and CNIC. No transport of [3H] precursors was noted in the peripheral nuclei of the inferior colliculus or in the medial geneculate body on either side. Massive transport via the contralateral LL and the profuse terminals in the opposite CNIC suggested transneuronal transport vvia secondary and higher order auditory fibers. Although the largest number of fibers in the contralateral LL probably arose from the cochlear nuclei, higher order fibers also may have arisen from the ipsilateral LSO and the contralateral MSO and VNLL. Small numbers of fibers in both species descended from the region of the superior olivary complex (SOC) ventral to the facial motor nucleus. In the ground squirrel, scant auditory projections were traced into the opposite cochlear nuclei. Tritiated precursors in the endolymph passed most readily from labyrinth to cochlea, and transneuronal transport was more extensive in the auditory pathways than the vestibular system at comparable times. Centrally transported [3H]fucose was cleared more promptly than [3H]proline in monkeys.
GatorCloud: a fine-grained and dynamic resourcesharing architecture for multiple cloud services

Cloud datacenters are incorporating diverse workloads with different service models, such as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). Multiplexing various cloud service models on the same cluster, instead of maintaining a separate cluster for each one, is the key to increasing the resource utilization and lowering the operation costs for the cloud providers. However, it is challenging to achieve multi-resource sharing among different services while preserving performance isolation among them.To address this problem, we present GatorCloud, a new cloud resource management architecture that enables fine-grained and dynamic resource sharing among different service models, such as IaaS and PaaS. GatorCloud exploits a new abstraction called balloon to encapsulate both the execution context of the services and the resources associated with them. It uses a two-level architecture to dedicate the fine-grained resource management to the controller of each service. An SDN-enabled control knob is introduced to directly manipulate the network resources. We demonstrate the detailed design and implementation of a GatorCloud prototype which multiplexes an OpenStack-based IaaS service and two PaaS services (Hadoop and Spark).
Two-stage workforce planning under demand fluctuations and uncertainty

AbstractWe address a multi-category workforce planning problem for functional areas located at different service centres, each having office-space and recruitment capacity constraints, and facing f...
The prolapsed lacrimal gland in blepharoplasty

Evaluation of the patient for blepharoplasty should include an assessment of lacrimal gland position. Lacrimal gland prolapse, if not corrected at the time of blepharoplasty surgery, will result in lid asymmetry. Prolapse of the gland can occur spontaneously or in conjunction with certain disease processes including blepharochalasis and thyroid ophthalmopathy.Surgical correction of the condition may be accomplished through the standard blepharoplasty incision. Careful attention to hemostasis during surgery and a working knowledge of the bilobed anatomy of the gland are prerequisites to the successful resuspension of the gland into the lacrimal fossa.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis for 3D Elastic-Plastic Rough Contacts

A 3D elastic-plastic rough contact (EPC) solution and code is developed using a modified semi-analytical method. The total surface deflection is induced by the contact pressure and plastic strain. A purely elastic contact field and a residual field arising from the plastic deformation are simulated iteratively to gain the final approximate solution for the elastic-plastic rough contact. Frictionless normal contact between a rigid ball and an elastic-plastic half space with polished, turned, and honed rough surfaces was numerically simulated using the developed EPC code. The distributions of surface pressures, real contact area, total stresses, residual stresses, residual displacements, and plastic strains are obtained through simulation. The effects of surface roughness, wavelength, and plastic hardening behavior upon the calculated results are analyzed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Laser ablation of maternal chromosomes in eggs of Rana pipiens.

A ruby laser, mounted on a compound microscope, has been shown to be an effective means of eliminating the maternal meiotic chromosomes of leopard frog (Rana pipiens) eggs. Haploid embryos were produced by laser irradiation of maternal meiotic chromosomes in inseminated eggs. Inseminated control eggs, both sham laser irradiated and untreated, developed as diploid embryos. Chromosome number of all embryos was ascertained by aceto-orcein squashes of tadpole tail-tips. Diploid nuclei, transplanted to laser irradiated unfertilized eggs, yielded embryos of chromosome number appropriate to the transplanted nucleus. The nuclear transplantation experiment provided additional evidence of the efficacy of the chromosome ablation procedure. Cytoplasmic damage, due to laser irradiation of the type described, did not prevent nuclear-transplant animals from developing beyond metamorphosis.