cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Undervaccinated African-American preschoolers: a case of missed opportunities.

Abstract Objective: To identify factors associated with undervaccination of African-American preschoolers, to describe the number of vaccination visits made by undervaccinated children and the number of visits needed to be series complete, and to describe the children who did not receive the single dose of measles-containing vaccine recommended for preschoolers. Methods: We used the 1999 National Immunization Survey (NIS) to describe vaccination coverage for the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series (four doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, three doses of poliovirus vaccine, one dose of any measles-containing vaccine, and three doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine) among non-Hispanic, African-American preschoolers due to concerns that they may be at risk of undervaccination. Children who did not complete this basic vaccine series were classified for further analysis according to the number of doses they lacked (i.e., one dose missed, two or three doses missed, or four or more doses missed). Significant associations between demographic characteristics and vaccination status or degree of undervaccination were determined. Results: Of the 26.2% of African-American preschoolers who did not complete the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series, 40.3% lacked one, 35.3% lacked two or three, and 25.0% lacked four or more doses of vaccine. Children who did not complete the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series were less likely to have married mothers, were less likely to have mothers aged ≥35 years, or were less likely to be up to date at age 3 months than the children who completed the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series. Among the undervaccinated, 63.7% had a sufficient number of vaccination visits to have completed the basic series. However, most (78.7%) of the severely undervaccinated (children who lacked more than three doses of vaccine) had three or fewer vaccination visits. For 72.6% of the undervaccinated preschoolers, only one additional vaccination visit was needed to complete the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series; among these, 78.3% had an adequate number of vaccination visits to have completed the series. Overall, 9.9% of the African-American children aged 19 to 35 months (i.e., approximately 85,000 African-American children aged 19 to 35 months) were at risk for measles. Among the children who lacked more than three doses of vaccine, 68.1% were at risk. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the estimated coverage of 73.8% for the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series among African-American children aged 19 to 35 months was not a result of limited access to care. On the contrary, 90.5% of African-American children had enough vaccination visits to complete the series. To raise coverage and prevent potential outbreaks, providers should assess each child's vaccination status at every visit, and administer all needed vaccinations at that time. For the most severely undervaccinated children, this strategy may not be adequate, because they did not have the minimum number of vaccination visits required for series completion. For these children, other strategies are needed for increasing vaccination coverage.
Discretionary databases in forecasting

Information for forecasting databases is often initially under the control of individuals who have no compelling reason to contribute, and who face various significant costs if they do. Such discretionary databases are subject to public goods problems, and are likely to be undersupplied, even when all participants agree that the overall benefits outweigh the overall costs. This paper explores the implications of this incentive structure for the existence, completeness and accuracy of forecasting databases. It also offers some hypotheses as to when the difficulties will be more and less severe, and outlines some directions for possible remedial strategies.
Some observations on stress graphitization in carbon-carbon composites

The in situ stress graphitization behavior of hard carbons in unidirectionally aligned carbon-carbon (C-C) composites was studied for three carbon fibers (PAN-based T-50, pitch-based PX7 and rayon-based WCA) and two carbon precursor resins [phenol-formaldehyde (SC1008) and polyarylacetylene (PAA), a high char-yielding, low shrinkage resin]. Graphitization was followed by measurements of density, transverse thermal expansion, d-spacing by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). In conjunction with xenon-ion etching, the SEM technique was found to be particularly effective in identifying localized regions of graphitized matrix. Results reveal that the graphitization of the composite is significantly greater than graphitization of fiber or matrix alone to the same temperatures. SEM observations indicate that graphitization is confined to the matrix, usually as a sheath-like structure adjacent to the fiber and 1–3 μm thick. Such localized graphitization, usually termed stress graphitization, is believed to be the result of thermally induced tensile or compressive stresses acting at the fiber-matrix interface. Debonded regions, which are believed to either initiate at heatup or grow from pre-existing cracks in the resin-matrix composite, show less stress graphitization than well-bonded regions, presumably because the debond gaps impede stress buildup at the fibermatrix interface. Studies with three different fibers and one matrix (PAA) in matrix-rich composites showed variable degrees of localized stress graphitization, suggesting that the thermal expansion stresses responsible for stress graphitization vary with different fiber-matrix combinations. One consequence of a well-oriented stress-graphitized sheath was found to be debonding of fiber and matrix. Possible reasons for such debonding are discussed briefly.
Simulation of a Ge-Si hetero-nanocrystal memory

The Ge/Si hetero-nanocrystal as a floating gate has been discussed and improved. The charge stored in the quantum well formed by SiO/sub 2/-Ge-Si has to be thermally activated to the valence band of the Si nanocrystal before it can leak to the substrate which significantly reduces the leakage current from the charge storage node (nanocrystal) to the substrate. The simulation shows that the flash memory with Ge-Si (3 nm/3 nm) hetero-nanocrystal floating gates possesses a retention time of about ten years with a tunneling oxide of only 2 nm. Both writing and erasing speeds are fast in the Ge-Si hetero-nanocrystal memories, which is similar to that in the memory based on Si nanocrystals only.
Factor XI anion-binding sites are required for productive interactions with polyphosphate

Summary Background Conversion of factor XI (FXI) to FXIa is enhanced by polymers of inorganic phosphate (polyP). This process requires FXI to bind to polyP. Each FXIa subunit contains anion-binding sites (ABSs) on the apple 3 (A3) and catalytic domains that are required for normal heparin-mediated enhancement of FXIa inhibition by antithrombin. Aims To determine the importance of FXI ABSs to polyP enhancement of FXI activation. Methods Recombinant FXI variants lacking one or both ABSs were tested in polyP-dependent purified protein systems, plasma clotting assays, and a murine thrombosis model. Results In the presence of polyP, activation rates for FXI lacking either ABS were reduced compared with wild-type FXI, and FXI lacking both sites had an even greater defect. In contrast to heparin, polyP binding to FXIa did not enhance inhibition by antithrombin and did not interfere with FXIa activation of FIX. FXI lacking one or both ABSs does not reconstitute FXI-deficient plasma as well as wild-type FXI when polyP was used to initiate coagulation. In FXI-deficient mice, FXI lacking one or more ABSs was inferior to wild-type FXI in supporting arterial thrombus formation. Conclusions The ABSs on FXIa that are required for expression of heparin's cofactor activity during protease inhibition by antithrombin are also required for expression of polyP cofactor activity during FXI activation. These sites may contribute to FXI-dependent thrombotic processes.
Scaling behavior of the critical current density in Mg C Ni 3 microfibers

We present transport critical current measurements on microfibers consisting of a $80\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick layer of polycrystalline $\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$ synthesized directly onto $7\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ diameter carbon fibers. Near the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$, the critical current density ${J}_{c}$ is well described by the power law form ${[1\ensuremath{-}{(T∕{T}_{c})}^{2}]}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, where $\ensuremath{\alpha}=2$ with no crossover to the Ginzburg-Landau exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.5$. We extrapolate ${J}_{c}(0)\ensuremath{\approx}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, which is an order of magnitude greater than estimates obtained from magnetization measurements of polycrystalline powders. The field dependence is purely exponential ${J}_{c}(T,H)={J}_{c}(T)\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}H∕{H}_{0})$ over the entire field range of $0\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. The unconventional scaling behavior of the critical current may be rooted in an anomalous temperature dependence of the London penetration depth.
Agent-based outpatient scheduling for diagnostic services

This paper presents an agent-based distributed scheduling approach for diagnostic services in a hospital setting. In particular, we focus on how to effectively allocate the last-minute available diagnostic timeslots and how to deal with dynamic changes in existing outpatient schedules. We propose an agent-based dynamic scheduling system which allocates available diagnostic services timeslots to outpatients through an iterative bidding procedure. We also evaluate and analyze the possibility of implementing the proposed system in large scale outpatient scheduling environments. Our experiments show that the system performs well at a scale of managing a thousand standby waiting patients.
Preparation and characterization of a [Ni(en)2]2+ complex of permethylpolyazine

Abstract The bis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) complex of permethylpolyazine is reported. The synthetic method used gives a polymer with alternate di-imine sites complexed to the metal ion. IR spectra of the monomer and polymer metal complexes are similar and demonstrate that interaction with the metal has changed the polymer geometry from all-trans to a mixture of cis and trans bonds. 1H NMR spectra show that the ethylenediamine chelate rings attain several conformations in the monomer metal complex, but that one ring conformation dominates in the polymer. The UV-vis spectrum of the monomer metal complex shows d-d, π-π* and MLCT bands, but in the polymer complex the d-d transitions are lost in the tails of the MLCT bands. This is consistent with band formation in the polyazine ligand.
Context-aware textures

Interesting textures form on the surfaces of objects as the result of external chemical, mechanical, and biological agents. Simulating these textures is necessary to generate models for realistic image synthesis. The textures formed are progressively variant, with the variations depending on the global and local geometric context. We present a method for capturing progressively varying textures and the relevant context parameters that control them. By relating textures and context parameters, we are able to transfer the textures to novel synthetic objects. We present examples of capturing chemical effects, such as rusting; mechanical effects, such as paint cracking; and biological effects, such as the growth of mold on a surface. We demonstrate a user interface that provides a method for specifying where an object is exposed to external agents. We show the results of complex, geometry-dependent textures evolving on synthetic objects.
Citizen Science in Digital Worlds: The Seduction of a Temporary Escape or a Lifelong Pursuit?

There is a vast terrain of emerging research that explores recent innovations in digital games, particularly as they relate to questions of teaching and learning science. One such game, Citizen Science, was developed to teach players about the practice of citizen science as well as lake ecology. Citizen science is a pedagogy that has a long history within the scientific community, engaging the public in ongoing community and environmental surveys to collect data for existing small-scale studies. More recently, citizen science has gained traction as an educational context for teaching and learning science in ways that connect to students’ lives and interests. By placing citizen science within the realm of digital worlds, Matthew Gaydos and Kurt Squire invite new possibilities for knowledge to become more kinetic, moving in multiple directions. In this article we discuss some of the tensions we experienced as we explored the digital game, Citizen Science. We highlight questions about narrative and complexity, emergent game play and transfer to encourage thinking about the development and implementation of games such as Citizen Science.
The Molecular Architecture of Human Low Density Lipoprotein and Bound Receptor Revealed by Electron Cryo-Microscopy

An elevated plasma level of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is a well-documented risk factor for cardiovascular disease. LDL transfers cholesterol from plasma to liver cells via the LDL receptor (LDLr). LDL is heterogeneous in composition, shape, size, density and charge and is difficult for structural study by X-ray crystallization and NMR. Here, we used electron cryo-microscopy (Cryo-EM) and image analysis to study the structures of LDL and LDL•LDLr complex. We found 1) the reconstructed LDL embedded in vitreous ice is approximated a flattened ellipsoid with planar opposing faces. 2) The reconstructed map of the LDL•LDLr complex was similar to that of LDL in shape and size, but with a ∼35-45 A protrusion attached on the surface. The protrusion matched in size to the LDL receptor beta-propeller domain. 3) The internal density distribution of LDL showed a liquid crystalline core containing three similarly sized internal high density “isthmi”. 4) The LDL high-density regions that correspond to the apo B-100 appear as a pair of paddles connected at one end of the particle by a linker region with three separate long semicircular “fingers” extending from each edge of the linker region to wrap around the particle. These results allowed us to propose an architecture model of LDL, in which the core CE molecules arranged in stacks with their sterol moieties side-by-side in the higher density regions and the fatty acyl chains extending from either side. These stacks of acyl chains in the CE core are directed outward towards the amphipathic beta-sheet domains on the top and bottom faces of the particle and are surrounded by a semicircle of flexible amphipathic alpha-helix rich domains, which is important to maintaining the structural integrity, and thus functionality, of normal LDL.
Competition of FAU and LTA in the synthesis system (TMA, Na)2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O

Abstract Eight initially clear solutions (with a general formula based on molar ratios of the components, xNaOH:(5.86 − x)TMAOH:1.0Al2O3:3.40SiO2:370H2O:19.6EtOH:6.0iso-PrOH, x = 0.06–0.86) with various sodium concentrations were prepared for synthesis of FAU/LTA zeolites at 98.0 °C. The synthesis process was studied using in situ calorimetry and the solid products were characterized using XRD, SEM and TG–DSC. At low sodium concentration (x = 0.06), the product is nearly pure FAU while with increasing x from 0.06 to 0.86, LTA gradually becomes dominant. In addition, the sodium concentration has a strong influence on crystal size but limited influence on the chemical composition of the resulting zeolite(s). At x = 0.86, the conversion yields of both silica and alumina are about 50%. When x decreases from 0.86 to 0.06, both conversion yields rapidly decrease to only about 4%. In contrast, the conversion yield of sodium remains at a much higher level (75–100%). There appears to be a maximum crystallization rate at x = 0.16–0.26. Crystallization of both FAU and LTA zeolites is exothermic and the crystallization enthalpy for FAU is higher in magnitude than for LTA.
Clinically Unsuspected Phacoanaphylaxis After Ocular Trauma

• Phacoanaphylaxis (lens-induced uveitis) is a potentially curable ocular inflammation secondary to lens trauma. Recently we have seen three clinically undiagnosed enucleation specimens in our eye pathology laboratory with this entity. Our observations add an argument to the recent concept that early lens removal in cases of traumatic cataract with lens capsule rupture would ultimately lead to better visual results. ( Arch Ophthalmol 95:244-246, 1977)
10 μm detection system with 40 picosecond resolution

Abstract A 10 μm detection system with a temporal resolution of ∾ 40 psec has been used to investigate the output of a multi-atmosphere CO2 laser. Mode-locking, by means of p-type germanium, has permitted the observation of pulses as short as ∾ 75 psec.
Ambient particulate matter, C-reactive protein, and coronary artery disease.

AbstractThis article is a review of the scientific literature with respect to fine particulate matter (PM), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, and coronary artery disease (CAD). The association between air pollution and respiratory diseases has been extensively investigated for decades; however, the role of air pollution in exacerbating heart disease has only recently become a focus of attention. It has been shown that for every 10-μg/m3 increase in fine PM in the air, there appears to be a 2.1% increase in the number of deaths related to ischemic heart disease. PM has been linked to increased levels of systemic inflammation biomarkers such as C-reactive proteins (CRP). Daily variation of ambient pollution is correlated with rises and falls in CRP levels. Increased CRP levels have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in individuals with CAD. Seventy-five percent of patients with elevated CRP levels have reportedly experienced a major cardiac event despi...
Microtubule and Rac 1-dependent F-actin in growth cones

Extracellular cues control the rate and direction of growth of neuronal processes in large part by regulating the cytoskeleton of the growth cone. The actin filament network of the peripheral region is thought to be the primary target for these cues, with consequences for the advance and organization of microtubules. Binding of laminin to integrin receptors is a cue that accelerates the growth of processes from many types of neurons. It was applied acutely to sympathetic neurons in culture to study its effects on the cytoskeleton of the growth cone. Microtubules advance to the edge of the growth cone and bundle in response to laminin, and it was found that small veils of membrane appear near the ends of some of those microtubules. To examine more clearly the relationship between the microtubules and the appearance of actin-rich structures at the periphery, a low dose of cytochalasin D was used to deplete the peripheral region of the growth cone of pre-existing F-actin. The subsequent addition of laminin resulted in the bundling of ends of dynamic (tyrosinated) microtubules at the distal edge of the growth cone, most of which were associated with foci of F-actin. Observations of labeled actin within living growth cones confirmed that these foci formed in response to laminin. Suppression of microtubule dynamics with drugs eliminated the actin foci; washout of drug restored them. Rac 1 did not co-concentrate with F-actin in the peripheral region of the growth cone in the absence of laminin, but did co-concentrate with the foci of F-actin that formed in response to laminin. Inhibition of Rac 1 functioning prevented the formation of the foci and also inhibited laminin-induced neurite growth with or without cytochalasin. These results indicate that extracellular cues can affect actin in the growth cone via microtubules, as well as affect microtubules via actin. They also point to the mediation of microtubule-dependent accumulation of F-actin at the front of the growth cone as a role of Rac 1 in neurite growth.
VSAT services — Maximizing business performance through communications intelligence

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: VSAT satellite network; oil and gas operations; and SCADA functions.
Local Homeostasis Stabilizes a Model of the Olfactory System Globally in Respect to Perturbations by Input During Pattern Classification

A software model of the olfactory system is presented as a test bed for identifying and solving the problems of simulating the nonlinear dynamics of sensory cortex. Compression, normalization and spatial contrast enhancement of the input to the bulb, the input stage of the olfactory system, are done by input-dependent attenuation of forward and lateral transmission, and by modulation of the asymptotic maximum of the sigmoid function of bulbar neural populations. An implementation of these mechanisms in the model, constituting local homeostatic regulation at the input stage, stabilizes the model in respect to variations in analog input and to recovery from repeated input-induced state transitions. Both non-Hebbian habituation and Hebbian reinforcement constituting local homeostatic regulation are used to train the model. A spatially patterned analog input belonging to a previously learned class may then guide the system to an appropriate basin of attraction. These advances have improved the classification performance of the model but reveal a still unsolved problem: the prestimulus state is governed by a global attractor, but the learned states are governed by collections of local attractors, not the desired global states.
The eomyid rodent Paradjidaumo Burke from the late Eocene White River Formation, Flagstaff Rim area, Wyoming

Abstract Two species of the eomyid rodent Paradjidaumo are recognized from the Chadronian (latest Eocene) White River Formation in the Flagstaff Rim area of Wyoming: P. hansonorum from early Chadronian levels and P. nanus, new species, from higher levels representing the middle Chadronian.
Hsf1 knock-out.

In the recent article by Tranter et al. (1), it is indicated that homozygous Hsf1 (knock-out) mice are not viable. This information as mentioned was not supported by any reference. As statements provided in scientific papers need to be accurate, I would like to provide the following additional information and correction. The knock-out of the Hsf1 gene was actually first published in 1998 in JBC (2). Since then, several laboratories have independently generated several lines of Hsf1 knock-out mice (see MGI:96238). The knock-out of Hsf1 is mostly viable depending on the genetic background. Numerous studies using those animals have demonstrated the key roles played by HSF1 in reproduction, stress response, cardioprotection, etc.
Control over noxious events and choice

Three experiments are reported assessing whether rats prefer controllable over uncontrollable aversive shock. In Experiment 1, subjects chose between escapable and inescapable shock while relative shock duration varied parametrically. In Experiment 2, subjects again chose between escapable and inescapable shock, but duration was held constant and equal. The final experiment gave subjects a choice between avoidable and unavoidable shock under several signaling conditions. Choice behavior proved sensitive to relative shock duration and to predictability of shock but not to controllability of shock.
The age-sex structure of the slave population in Harris County, Texas: 1850 and 1860.

The effect of the slave system on demography can be revealed by examining the age–sex structure of slave populations. The age–sex structure of slaves in Harris County, Texas is investigated using the 1850 and 1860 slave schedules. Median ages for black and mulatto slaves suggest that the population was young. Population pyramids exhibit a narrow base and top with a broad middle. The high proportion of slaves between 10 and 30 years of age and the increase in population size between 1850 and 1860 were mainly related to the importation of slaves and only partly due to natural increase. The data also show that black slaves were older on small plantations while mulattoes were older on larger farms. It is suggested that differential treatment in terms of purchase practices, assignment of tasks, food allocation, and/ or differential susceptibility to infectious diseases may account for this pattern.
Metabolic versatility in methanogens.

Methanogenesis is an anaerobic metabolism responsible for the generation of >90% of the methane formed on Earth today, with important implications for fuels production and global warming. Although methanogenic Archaea have been cultured for over 70 years, key insights regarding electron flow and energy conservation in methanogenesis have only recently emerged. Fundamental differences between two metabolic types of methanogenesis, hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic, are now understood, with implications for metabolic versatility and the potential for engineering of methanogens to utilize new substrates. The development of model species with genetic and bioinformatic tools has advanced the field and holds potential for further characterizing and engineering of methanogenesis. Our understanding of a related pathway, anaerobic methane oxidation, is in its infancy.
Accommodative convergence in hypermetropia.

Since 1979, we have treated 11 patients who had macular retinoblastomas. Two patients eventually recovered 20/20 visual acuity despite the presence of subretinal fluid in the fovea at the time of diagnosis. The diagnosis was made at 11 and 14 months of age, and follow-up periods were ten and seven years, respectively. One case was sporadic and the other was hereditary. Both patients were treated with external radiation; one patient was also treated with chemotherapy. The lesions regressed markedly after treatment. These cases demonstrate that visual prognosis in macular retinoblastomas is not uniformly poor even when a foveal detachment is present. Visual acuity may be good in some cases, which supports the merits of medical treatment rather than enucleation in selected patients.
Age-dependent cutoff values in screening newborns for hypothyroidism.

Abstract Objectives: We wanted to develop age-related reference (cutoff) values and an algorithm to identify babies at low, moderate, and high risk for hypothyroidism of any cause. We used thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) as the primary tool, and thyroxine (T4) as part of a confirmatory test. Our data permitted us to estimate cutoff values for newborns at Methods: We used a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay method for TSH and T4 with the AutoDELPHIA instrument (Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences, Turku, Finland). Testing algorithm: We developed a conservative algorithm for TSH and T4 testing. In the initial screening, we used a ≥20 μIU/ml cutoff for TSH to identify those babies of any age who required confirmatory testing on a repunched filter paper blood specimen. Results: In 161,244 newborns tested during 2002, we found 8,035 babies with TSH values ≥20 μIU/ml. Graphs of the values for TSH vs. age in hours revealed the possibility of using more than one cutoff value. The general finding was that the cutoff values decreased with increasing age of the newborn. Conclusions: Based on our findings, we conclude that testing babies who are Setting: Newborn Screening Laboratory of the Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio.
Towards higher disk head utilization: extracting free bandwidth from busy disk drives

Freeblock scheduling is a new approach to utilizing more of a disk's potential media bandwidth. By filling rotational latency periods with useful media transfers, 20-50% of a never-idle disk's bandwidth can often be provided to background applications with no effect on foreground response times. This paper describes freeblock scheduling and demonstrates its value with simulation studies of two concrete applications: segment cleaning and data mining. Free segment cleaning often allows an LFS file system to maintain its ideal write performance when cleaning overheads would otherwise reduce performance by up to a factor of three. Free data mining can achieve over 47 full disk scans per day on an active transaction processing system, with no effect on its disk performance.
A novel class of ammonium assimilation mutants of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus

Nitrogen assimilation in Rhodobacter capsulatus has been shown to proceed via the coupled action of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) with no measurable glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) present. We have recently isolated a novel class of mutants of R. capsulatus strain B100 that lacks a detectable GOGAT activity but is able to grow at wild type rates under nitrogen-fixing conditions. While NH4+-supported growth in the mutants was normal under anaerobic/photosynthetic conditions, the growth rate was decreased under aerobic conditions. Ammonium and methylammonium uptake experiments indicated that there was a clear difference in the ammonium assimilatory capabilities in these mutants under aerobic versus anaerobic growth. Regulation of expression of a nifH : : lacZ fusion in these mutants was not impaired. The possible existence of alternative ammonium assimilatory pathways is discussed.
Signatures for horizontal symmetries and some other exotica at hadron colliders

A brief overview of signatures at hadron colliders to be expected from horizontal symmetries, gauge as well as global, is given. Several other exotic possibilities and their possible signatures at hadron colliders are also considered. In particular; leptoquarks, stable leptons or quarks with funny charges, color excitation with integer charged unconfined quarks are discussed.
Mechanism of Linkage Isomerization in (η1-5-Chloropentene)pentacarbonylchromium(0)

(η1-5-Chloropentene)pentacarbonylchromium(0), (η1-ol−Cl)Cr(CO)5, 1, and (η2-5-chloropentene)pentacarbonylchromium(0), (η2−Cl−ol)Cr(CO)5, 2, respectively, in which 5-chlorobenzene is bonded to Cr via a lone pair on chlorine or through the olefinic linkage, respectively, are produced via pulsed laser flash photolysis of Cr(CO)6/Cl−ol solutions. Compound 1 then isomerizes to 2 on the submillisecond time scale. This process has been monitored both by IR and visible spectrophotometry by employing fluorobenzene (FB) as an inert diluent. Parallel studies of flash photolysis of Cr(CO)6 in solutions containing 1-chlorobutane and 1-hexene, both neat and diluted with FB, where the Cl and ol functional groups are not linked, also were carried out. The data support a dissociative isomerization mechanism involving rate-determining Cr−Cl bond breaking. Activation parameters for this process have been obtained. The accessibility of a proposed low-energy pathway involving “agostic” C−H−Cr interactions in the transition st...
Architecture of the CSNET name server

An important function of CSNET is to simplify communication by electronic mail. To this end, a Name Server facility is being implemented, which will free users from having to understand the complexities of inter-network mail addressing. The Name Server includes a database and accessing software on a central Service Host machine, as well as programs and data structures on CSNET member hosts. We describe the architecture of the Name Server and discuss considerations that lead to its design.
Performance of height-balanced trees

This paper presents the results of simulations that investigate the performance of height-balanced (HB[k]) trees. It is shown that the only statistic of HB[1] trees (AVL trees) that is a function of the size of the tree is the time to search for an item in the tree. For sufficiently large trees, the execution times of all procedures for maintaining HB[1] trees are independent of the size of the tree. In particular, an average of .465 restructures are required per insertion, with an average of 2.78 nodes revisited to restore the HB[1] property; an average of .214 restructures are required per deletion, with an average of 1.91 nodes revisited to restore the HB[1] property. Moreover, the execution times of procedures for maintaining HB[k] trees, for k > 1, are also independent of the size of the tree except for the average number of nodes revisited on a delete operation in order to restore the HB[k] property on traceback. The cost of maintaining HB[k] trees drops sharply as the allowable imbalance (k) increases. Both analytical and experimental results that show the cost of maintaining HB[k] trees as a function of k are discussed.
CLARENCE THOMAS, PATRIARCHAL DISCOURSE AND PUBLIC/PRIVATE SPHERES

The transcripts from the reopened hearings on Clarence Thomas's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court illustrate patriarchal discourse. This article shows how such discourse thematizes men's roles as protectors, providers, and power wielders while relying heavily on distinctions between the public and private spheres.
The effects of low dose rate irradiation and thermal aging on reactor structural alloys

Abstract As part of the EBR-II reactor materials surveillance program, test samples of fifteen different alloys were placed into EBR-II in 1965. The surveillance (SURV) program was intended to determine property changes in reactor structural materials caused by irradiation and thermal aging. In this work, the effect of low dose rate (approximately 2 × 10 −8 dpa/s) irradiation at 380–410°C and long term thermal aging at 371°C on the properties of 20% cold worked 304 stainless steel, 420 stainless steel, Inconel X750, 304/308 stainless weld material, and 17-4 PH steel are evaluated. Doses of up to 6.8 dpa and thermal aging to 2994 days did not significantly affect the density of these alloys. The strength of 304 SS, X750, 17-4 PH, and 304/308 weld material increased with irradiation. In contrast, the strength of 420 stainless steel decreased with irradiation. Irradiation decreased the impact energy in both Inconel X750 and 17-4 PH steel. Thermal aging decreased the impact energy in 17-4 PH steel and increased the impact energy in Inconel X750. Tensile property comparisons of 304 SURV samples with 304 samples irradiated in EBR-II at a higher dose rate show that the higher dose rate samples had greater increases in strength and greater losses in ductility.
Partition identities and a continued fraction of Ramanujan

Abstract We study the numerator and denominator of a continued fraction R(a, b) of Ramanujan and establish the equality of various restricted partition functions. We use the continued fraction to give a unified approach to several partition identities some of which generalize results of Bressoud and Gollnitz. We also give a combinatorial interpretation for the coefficients in the power series expansion of the reciprocal 1 R (−a, −b) , extending a result of Odlyzko and Wilf.
CD68 expression is markedly different in Crohn's disease and the colitis associated with chronic granulomatous disease.

Background: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by inability of phagocytes to kill certain bacteria and fungi. Histology from colon biopsies of CGD patients have shown the presence of inflammation and granulomas, almost indistinguishable from the findings seen in Crohn's disease. We sought to determine if there were any differences in the cell types that comprise the inflammatory infiltrates in inflamed colon specimens between the 2 diseases. The objective was to determine whether the pattern of inflammatory cell composition could be used to distinguish CGD-associated colitis from Crohn's colitis. Methods: Biopsies from 6 patients with Crohn's disease, 6 patients with CGD, and 6 control patients were stained with antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD79, CD163, and Foxp3. Positively staining cells per mm2 of lamina propria were calculated for each antibody, with the exception of CD163, in which a percent area of lamina propria stained was calculated. Results: There was a marked difference in the average CD68+ cells per mm2 of lamina propria between the 2 groups (Crohn's: 1104.2 cells/mm2; CGD: 242.3 cells/mm2, P < 0.0004) and a significant difference between the CGD group and control group (Control: 565.4 cells/mm2, CGD: 242.3 cells/mm2, P = 0.0072). There were no significant differences between Crohn's and CGD biopsies in the other cell types. Conclusions: This phenomenon provides physicians with a simple and valuable tool to identify CGD in patients with colonic inflammation. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009)
Surface enhanced Raman scattering in electrochemical systems: The complex roles of surface roughness

Abstract A series of experiments designed to elucidate the presence and properties of large-scale and atomic-scale roughness produced on Ag electrodes with electrochemical oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC) pretreatments are presented. This report reviews surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characterization of Ag electrodes roughened with controlled-rate ORCs, and presents new results for the laser-induced thermal decay of SERS as a probe of Ag surface active sites and differential reflectance spectroscopy of electrochemically roughened Ag electrodes. These results are interpreted in terms of the presence and properties of both large-scale and atomic-scale roughness on these surfaces.
Forced reconnection, current sheets, and coronal heating

The formation of current sheets in the solar corona is investigated by a simple model in which forced reconnection occurs due to the perturbation caused at the photospheric boundary by footpoint motion. The time dependence of the process is considered by means of an initial-value calculation. It is found that on the Alfvenic time scale, current sheets tend to develop with an amplitude that increases linearly with time. The effect of resistivity becomes important subsequently, and the reconnected flux at the separatrix increases quadratically with time
Sodium transport inhibition by amiloride reduces basolateral membrane potassium conductance in tight epithelia

In toad and frog urinary bladder, electrophysiological data suggest that inhibition of transepithelial sodium transport by mucosal amiloride results in a decrease in basolateral membrane conductance. These results were confirmed by showing that amiloride addition caused a decrease in basolateral membrane potassium permeability.
The Cohort Leadership Development Model: Student Perspectives

This study examined how graduate students enrolled in a university-based cohort community college leadership doctoral program perceived their leadership development experiences. A total of 50 doctoral students enrolled in the Morgan State University (MSU) doctoral program were surveyed. A separate group of students (20) participated in a focus group. Results indicated that although doctoral students generally reported positive experiences, some students reported that certain factors or characteristics and behaviors of cohort members were not beneficial to the cohort experience. The positive results (structure, instructors, networking, and curriculum) of the cohort experience seem to support the findings of a number of works in the previous research relating to cohort learning environments. The findings further indicated that such factors such as dominant group members, lack of commitment to the cohort, failure to meet group expectations, traditional instructional modalities, and inadequate facilities nega...
Characterization of wake-zone tractions in an oxidation-inhibited carbon/carbon composite

Abstract A novel post-fracture tensile (PFT) experiment has been employed to study the bulk pull-out behavior of a two-dimensional, eight-harness satin-weave carbon/carbon composite. In the PFT test, a pre-cracked specimen is loaded in tension in order to characterize the microstructural features responsible for the bridging tractions that so strongly influence the R-curves of these continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. The initial crack extension was found to reduce the maximum tensile stress monotonically. This behavior was attributed to the increasing damage zone size developed with flexure. The arrest stress level, immediately following the maximum tensile stress, apparently arises from largely frictional mechanisms, as governed by the development of matrix damage. With increasing crack extension, the maximum tensile stress tends to decay toward the arrest stress, in keeping with a model for increasing interfacial damage. The development of damage with crack extension appears to be influenced by both specimen geometry and microstructure, which is emphasized by the characteristic interfacial properties of this composite with very high-strength fibers with respect to that of the matrix.
Potential constants of some inorganic hexahalides

Using recently published Infrared and Raman data, the Urey-Bradley constants of ReCl2−6, ReBr2−6 and OsCl2−6 have been determined. The treatment has been carried within the formalism of WILSON'S F-G matrix method, and the force constants have been calculated by a computer routine which refined approximate values in the least square sense.
Polyketide chain length control by chain length factor.

Bacterial aromatic polyketides are pharmacologically important natural products. A critical parameter that dictates product structure is the carbon chain length of the polyketide backbone. Systematic manipulation of polyketide chain length represents a major unmet challenge in natural product biosynthesis. Polyketide chain elongation is catalyzed by a heterodimeric ketosynthase. In contrast to homodimeric ketosynthases found in fatty acid synthases, the active site cysteine is absent from the one subunit of this heterodimer. The precise role of this catalytically silent subunit has been debated over the past decade. We demonstrate here that this subunit is the primary determinant of polyketide chain length, thereby validating its designation as chain length factor. Using structure-based mutagenesis, we identified key residues in the chain length factor that could be manipulated to convert an octaketide synthase into a decaketide synthase and vice versa. These results should lead to novel strategies for th...
Alterations in GABAA Receptor Mediated Inhibition in Adjacent Dorsal Midline Thalamic Nuclei in a Rat Model of Chronic Limbic Epilepsy

There is evidence that the dorsal midline thalamus is involved in the seizures of limbic epilepsy. However, little is known about the inhibitory synaptic function in this region. In the present study, inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) mediated by GABA(A) receptors were recorded from the mediodorsal (MD) and paraventricular (PV) nuclei from control and epileptic animals. In the MD, the spontaneous (s)IPSCs for epileptic animals had a lower frequency, prolonged rise time, prolonged decay, but unaltered net charge transfer compared with controls. The miniature (m)IPSC parameters were unaltered in the epileptic animals. In contrast, in the PV, both sIPSCs and mIPSCs in the epileptic animals were more frequent with larger amplitudes and there was an increase in the net charge transfer compared with controls. The rise times of the sIPSCs of the PV neurons were significantly prolonged, whereas the weighted decay time of the mIPSC was significantly shortened in epileptic animals. These findings suggest that the changes associated with inhibitory synaptic transmission in limbic epilepsy are not uniform across regions in the thalamus that are part of the seizure circuit.
Transient stability enhancement of multi-machine power system by novel braking resistor models

Braking resistor (BR) is one of the effective methods to enhance the transient stability of synchronous generators. In this work, two new braking resistor models, one consisting of thyristor rectifier and the other consisting of a combination of diode rectifier and chopper, are proposed, and their performance is compared with the existing thyristor controlled braking resistor. Comparison is made in terms of the speed indices, number of components used, heat loss, harmonics, and cost for each proposed model and the existing model. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is tested through Matlab/Simulink simulations considering both balanced and unbalanced temporary faults in the IEEE-9 bus power grid system. Simulation results indicate that the transient stability performance of the proposed BR methods is comparable to that of the existing BR model. Moreover, the proposed models use a single unit of BR that might lead to cost reduction. Therefore, the proposed BR models can be considered as an alternative to the existing BR model for improving the transient stability of multi-machine power system.
The Role of Immersive Media in Online Education

Abstract An increasing number of educators are integrating immersive media into core course offerings. Virtual worlds, serious games, simulations, and augmented reality are enabling students and instructors to connect with content and with one another in novel ways. As a result, many are investigating the new affordances these media provide and the impact each is having on important pedagogical constructs such as presence, immediacy, and immersion. New models for designing, delivering, and facilitating instruction are emerging, many with a particular eye toward supporting adult and continuing learners in the 21st century.
Resolution of a Regression Paradox in Pretest-Posttest Designs

Regression to the mean (RTM) of individuals is the tendency for extreme individuals to become less extreme on remeasurement; RTM of group means describes this same tendency among group means. Under the classical test model, in pretest-posttest designs where subjects are selected on the basis of extreme values at the pretest, RTM of group means will always occur for the attribute used to select extreme subjects. For other attributes, however, RTM of group means requires a positive correlation between that attribute's measurement error and the measurement error of the attribute used in the selection. Thus, while all attributes will evidence RTM of individuals, extreme groups do not always regress to the mean. RTM depends most fundamentally on the magnitude of the pretest measurement error.