cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of lactic and malic organic acids on autoinducer type 2 (AI-2) quorum sensing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium

Abstract Several organic acid based antimicrobials are reported to reduce bacterial populations but studies showing inhibition of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) activity or quorum sensing are limited. The effect of lactic and malic acids on autoinducer activity of selected strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium is tested in this study. The strains were screened for AI-2 like activity on spinach and cantaloupe homogenates using autoinducer sensing Vibrio harveyi biosensor strains. The ED 14 strain of E. coli O157:H7 and the SD 10 strain of Salmonella showed highest AI-2 like activity of 55 and 53 Relative Light Units respectively. These two strains were used to evaluate the AI-2 inhibitory activities of lactic and malic acids at 1–4% concentrations (alone or in combinations). Lactic acid at 4.0% had the highest inhibition of 80% on ED 14 E. coli strain while the combination treatment of lactic acid + malic acid at 4.0% each had the highest inhibition of 80% on SD 10 Salmonella strain. Results from the study indicate that the quorum sensing ability of the E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium strains can be effectively inhibited by antimicrobial organic acids.
A synthetic, spectroscopic and computational study of copper(II) complexes supported by pyridylamide ligands

Abstract Three Cu(II) complexes supported by pyridylamide ligands N-2-acetamidopyridine (Haap) and 2-(N-(2-pyridyl)carbamoyl)pyridine (H2pcp) have been synthesized. The structures of the three complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, showing the metal sites with square pyramidal geometry in [Cu2(Haap)2(OAc)4] (1), trigonal bipyramidal geometry in [Cu(H2pcp)Cl2(DMF)] (2) and square planar geometry in [Cu2(2pcp)2(OAc)2] (3). Complexes 1 and 2 possess the neutral form of the ligands, and exhibit interesting intra- and intermolecular interactions in the outer coordination sphere. The deprotonated form of H2pcp in complex 3 displays a chelating-bridging coordination mode, giving rise to a dinuclear copper cluster. The detailed Hirshfeld surface analysis about the three complexes led to a better understanding of the weak interactions observed in X-ray crystal structures. Evidence offered by a close examination on FT-IR, UV–Vis, EPR and NMR supported the structural characterization and provided deep insights into the electronic structures of the complexes. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed the different reduction/oxidation behavior of the metal centers in the different coordination environments. Density functional theory calculations were performed to validate the experimental evidence about the coordination structures, spectroscopic properties and electronic structures.
The chemistry of gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols

Gut microbiota contribute to the metabolism of dietary polyphenols and affect the bioavailability of both the parent polyphenols and their metabolites. Although there is a large number of reports of specific polyphenol metabolites, relatively little is known regarding the chemistry and enzymology of the metabolic pathways utilized by specific microbial species and taxa, which is the focus of this review. Major classes of dietary polyphenols include monomeric and oligomeric catechins (proanthocyanidins), flavonols, flavanones, ellagitannins, and isoflavones. Gut microbial metabolism of representatives of these polyphenol classes can be classified as A- and C-ring cleavage (retro Claisen reactions), C-ring cleavage mediated by dioxygenases, dehydroxylations (decarboxylation or reduction reactions followed by release of H2O molecules), and hydrogenations of alkene moieties in polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and isoflavones (mediated by NADPH-dependent reductases). The qualitative and quantitative metabolic output of the gut microbiota depends to a large extent on the metabolic capacity of individual taxa, which emphasizes the need for assessment of functional analysis in conjunction with determinations of gut microbiota compositions.
Piezoelectric hydrogen bonding: computational screening for a design rationale.

Organic piezoelectric materials are promising targets in applications such as energy harvesting or mechanical sensors and actuators. In a recent paper (Werling, K. A.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1365–1370), we have shown that hydrogen bonding gives rise to a significant piezoelectric response. In this article, we aim to find organic hydrogen bonded systems with increased piezo-response by investigating different hydrogen bonding motifs and by tailoring the hydrogen bond strength via functionalization. The largest piezo-coefficient of 23 pm/V is found for the nitrobenzene–aniline dimer. We develop a simple, yet surprisingly accurate rationale to predict piezo-coefficients based on the zero-field compliance matrix and dipole derivatives. This rationale increases the speed of first-principles piezo-coefficient calculations by an order of magnitude. At the same time, it suggests how to understand and further increase the piezo-response. Our rationale also explains the remarkably large piezo-response...
Ethanol effects on hepatic oxidations and gluconeogenesis.

SummaryEffect of ethanol administration of hepatic metabolism was studied. After the ethanol administration (5 g/kg ip) blood alcohol concentration reached a maximum level in 60 min and there was no detectable alcohol after 12 hr. Glycogen concentration decreased after ethanol administration. Total liver lipid exhibited a maximal increase in 12 hr after ethanol administration. Oxidation of 14C alanine and 14C glucose was impaired at 10 min, 1, and 12 hr after ethanol administration. However, the incorporation of 14C alanine into glucose was increased in 1–12 hr.
Checker Boards and Polyominoes

(1954). Checker Boards and Polyominoes. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 61, No. 10, pp. 675-682.
Recommender Systems Research

We outline the history of recommender systems from their roots in information retrieval and filtering to their role in today’s Internet economy. Recommender systems attempt to reduce information overload and retain customers by selecting a subset of items from a universal set based on user preferences. Research in recommender systems lies at the intersection of several areas of computer science, such as artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction, and has progressed to an important research area of its own. It is important to note that recommendations are not delivered within a vacuum, but rather cast within an informal community of users and social context. Ultimately all recommender systems make connections among people. This observation is under-emphasized in the recommender systems literature. Thus, we pay particular attention to the inherently social aspect of recommender systems and the connections among users that they foster. This approach represents a departure from the traditional content-based filtering versus collaborative design perspective. As we show, recommender systems connect people either directly as a result of explicit user modeling or indirectly through the discovery of relationships implicit in extant data. Thus, we characterize recommender systems by how they model users to bring people together: explicitly or implicitly. Such user modeling as well as a connection-centric viewpoint raise broadening and social issues such as evaluation, targeting, and privacy and trust which we also briefly address. Lastly, we introduce shilling, the newest issue facing recommender system researchers. A shilling attack on a recommender system involves inundating the system with data intended to coerce it to artificially recommend the perpetrator’s products more often than those of a competitor. Saverio Perugini is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Dayton. His research and teaching interests include interactive information retrieval, intelligent user interfaces, data mining, and web technologies.
Research on Application of Probabilistic Finite-state Automata to Battle Simulation of Naval Air Force

On carrying out combat mission,naval air force always faces uncertain risk of volleying of enemy air force,beating by land antiaircraft artillery,guided missile and armada as well.The process can be regarded as a Markov random process.It was given out to describe the combat process of naval air force using Probabilistic Finite State Machine(PFSM),and a battle simulation system framework was established based on it.Through several simulating by using the framework embedding effectiveness evaluation,risk and effectiveness evaluation for air force carrying mission out can be fulfilled.
Mapping the structure of the American blogosphere

This research project presents an effort to use entry texts and hyperlinks in personal weblogs to observe the variance of local culture reflected in American cities. By geocoding the blogosphere, this project indexes the location of personal weblogs. The hyperlink network among blogs in American cities is presented. Finally, maps of two keywords’ distribution among American cities are plotted. Geocoding the Blogosphere We draw from the NITLE census (November 2003) 952, 626 weblogs registered in the U.S., and check their geographical location using various text mining methods: reviewing the bloggers' ICBM meta tags; city locations inferred from local weather information linked from the blogs’ index pages; the blogger profiles at hosted logs; profiles on “Blogchalk,” a major commercial index of weblogs; data from DNS registrations; and from other keywords on the blogs' index pages. The success rate of retrieving geographical information (specified to national level for non-US blogs, and city level for US blogs) is higher (about 60%) for self-hosted blogs than for blogs on hosting services (about 30%) (Lin & Halavais, 2004). A total of 188,533 are identified with city locations in the United States, and they are indexed by their three-digit zip codes. The distribution of US blogs is plotted to a map of the United States (figure 1). Weblogs were located in a total of 890 three-digit zip code units, and 166 of these units contain more than 300 weblogs from the sample. The size of the circle indicates the size of the blogger population. There is a strong correlation (r=.755) between the number of bloggers and populations of 3-digit zip code units (Lin & Halavais, 2005a). City Networks of Blog Links Drawing a subset of 4,241 weblogs from the above sample, this project extracts the outward links of these weblogs. A total of 632 U.S. city/region units represented by first three-digit US zip codes are taken as nodes of the network. In total, 41,212 permanent links from blogs of each of the city units are counted as the weighted arcs in the network. The bigger circles presented in figure 2 indicate larger numbers of in-links from other city units, while line thickness indicates the totality of hyperlinks. Figure 1: Blog distribution in American cities (each circle represents one 3-digit zip code) (Lin, Halavais, & Zhang, 2005, Lin & Halavais, 2005b). This research finds that weblog networks in America are well connected among metropolitan cities on the west and east coasts. Cities with cultural-political prominence, like Boston, San Francisco, New York, Washington DC and Los Angeles, traditionally the seedbeds of intellectual dialogue and national opinion leaders, forge a highly connected cluster in the center of the national networks. Figure 2: Blog link networks among cities
The Harold Dorn Memorial Lecture

Cancer of the alimentary tract takes a heavy toll of lives in many countries of the world. It is perhaps important in considering etiology that the frequencies of certain site specific cancers of this tract may vary as much on a geographic basis as do cancers of any other system of the body. Clinical investigations have disclosed next to nothing about etiology and, although certain associations have been proposed, these are often ill-defined and presumptive. We know the cause of relatively few cancers in human beings and most of those that are recognized are in persons exposed to chemicals used in industry. None of these industrial cancers involve the alimentary tract. We cannot select a cancer of any site in the alimentary tract and say with assurance that this cancer was caused by a particular agent. Over the past 30 years, much information has accumulated on experimental cancer of the alimentary tract in animals. Many new carcinogens have been discovered and much new information on the mechanism of carcinogenesis has been revealed. Studies with animals indicate that the etiologies of cancer of each segment of the tract may be highly specific, albeit the emergence of cancer at these sites may be influenced by the genetic or hormonal composition of the test animal. The information that we have acquired from laboratory animals warrants the assumption that the varying site frequencies of alimentary tract cancers in human beings who live in different population groups and geographic areas reflect specific etiologies that are linked to the environment.
Linearity analysis of SiGe HBT amplifiers using a power-dependent coefficient Volterra technique

To design high efficiency linear power amplifiers, it is always desired to clarify the main nonlinearity contributors in power amplifiers. The linearity of a silicon germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) power amplifier is analyzed with the help of a power-dependent coefficient Volterra technique. The effect of emitter inductance is included and the dominant sources of nonlinearity are identified.
From Black-ish to Blackness: An Analysis of Black Information Sources’ Influence on Black Identity Development

Prior research shows consumption of Black information affects the way people think. More specifically, it influences general racial group attitudes. However, the expectations about the amount of Black information and deeper understanding of its effect on racial identity development remain unclear. Using a unique survey data set, with large oversamples of Blacks, this article explores whether the amount of Black information consumed influences Black identity development. The findings show Black information sources positively affect racial identity development—creating a sense that race is a more important aspect of the individuals’ definitions of self (i.e., racial centrality). The flip side, however, is greater consumption of Black information decreases public regard, prompting Blacks to believe other groups have a more negative feeling toward them. Thus, Black media plays a dual function in racial identity development—both positive and negative.
Effects of anticipated emotional category and temporal predictability on the startle reflex

Anticipated emotional category and temporal predictability are key characteristics that have both been shown to impact psychophysiological indices of defensive motivation (e.g., the startle reflex). To date, research has primarily examined these features in isolation, and it is unclear whether they have additive or interactive effects on defensive motivation. In the present study, the startle reflex was measured in anticipation of low arousal neutral, moderate arousal pleasant, and high arousal unpleasant pictures that were presented with either predictable or unpredictable timing. Linear mixed-effects modeling was conducted to examine startle magnitude across time, and the intercept at the beginning and end of the task. Across the entire task, the anticipation of temporally unpredictable (relative to predictable) pictures and emotional (relative to neutral) pictures potentiated startle magnitude, but there was no interaction between the two features. However, examination of the intercept at the beginning of the task indicated a Predictability by Emotional Category interaction, such that temporal unpredictability enhanced startle potentiation in anticipation of unpleasant pictures only. Examination of the intercept at the end of the task indicated that the effects of predictability and emotional category on startle magnitude were largely diminished. The present study replicates previous reports demonstrating that emotional category and temporal predictability impact the startle reflex, and provides novel evidence suggesting an interactive effect on defensive motivation at the beginning of the task. This study also highlights the importance of examining the time course of the startle reflex.
Nonendoscopic management of gastric varices

Abstract The endovascular approach to management of gastric varices can be a complex process with both complimentary and competing techniques. Optimal treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach with hepatologists, endoscopists, diagnostic radiologists and interventional radiologists. A thorough understanding of the patients liver function and anatomy is essential to determine the appropriate course of endovascular therapy. Preferred endovascular procedural management has changed dramatically in the past 30 years and is variable depending on operator experience and regional differences. This manuscript will cover our approach to gastric variceal management using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), variants of TIPS and BRTO, and an algorithm outlining an approach to determine appropriate management techniques.
Bores Observed during IHOP_2002: The Relationship of Bores to the Nocturnal Environment

AbstractThis study documents atmospheric bores and other convergent boundaries in the southern Great Plains’ nocturnal environment during the IHOP_2002 summer campaign. Observational evidence demonstrates that convective outflows routinely generate bores. Statistically resampled flow regimes, derived from an adaptation of hydraulic theory, agree well with observations. Specifically, convective outflows within the observed environments are likely to produce a partially blocked flow regime, which is a favorable condition for generating a bore. Once a bore develops, the direction of movement generally follows the orientation of the bulk shear vector between the nose of the nocturnal low-level jet and a height of 1.5 or 2.5 km AGL. This relationship is believed to be a consequence of wave trapping through the curvature of the horizontal wind with respect to height. This conclusion comes after analyzing the profile of the Scorer parameter. Overall, these findings provide an impetus for future investigations ai...
Fatty Acids–Based Surfactants and Their Uses

Abstract Fatty acyl groups from oilseeds (e.g., palm, palm kernel, coconut, and other oils), animal fats, and their derivatives (e.g., fatty alcohols and amines) are major components of biobased surfactants. The latter is a growing sector of the surfactants and detergents market (currently at 24.2%), due to increased demand by consumers and users because, unlike surfactants derived from fossil fuels, their production and use does not generate carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas attributable to climate change. In addition, surfactants can be prepared via versatile chemistry platforms from fatty acyl groups and biobased hydrophiles (e.g., carbohydrates, amino acids, glycerol, and their derivatives) to address numerous applications in foods, cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings, and other industrial sectors. This chapter reviews feedstocks for biobased surfactants, sustainability-related aspects of their preparation and use, and describes the synthesis, properties, and applications of several different biobased cationic, anionic, zwitterionic (amphoteric), and nonionic biobased surfactants, as well as glycolipid biosurfactants, which are derived via microorganisms.
Analysis of an investigational result of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Hebei Province in 2010

Objective To find out the status of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis and the effect of preventive measures in Hebei Province,so as to provide a basis to prevent and cure fluorosis.Methods One affected county (city,district) with drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis was sampled in every city and 10 water improvement projects were investigated in that county.Three villages were taken out in every county.The operating state of the projects,the water fluoride content,and the dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 and skeletal fluorosis of adults were investigated in these villages.Results A total of 93 projects were investigated,among which 94.6％(88/93) were operating properly and the qualified rate(fluoride content ≤ 1.2 mg/L) of the projects was 54.84％(51/93).Among the 9 large projects,the water fluoride content of 7 projects exceeded 1.2 mg/L.A total of 23 villages with water improvement projects were investigated and only 43.4％ (10/23) of them water fluoride content were lower than 1.2 mg/L.The dental fluorosis rate,the dental fluorosis index and the rate of skeletal fluorosis were 33.2％ (532/1601),0.74 and 5.7％ (66/1155),respectively.In the 7 villages without water improvement projects,2 of them exceeded 2.0 mg/L,but lower than and equal to 4.0 mg/L of water fluorosis and 5 of them were normal(＜ 1.2 mg/L).The dental fluorosis rate,the dental fluorosis index and the rate of skeletal fluorosis were 33.4％ (111/332),0.72 and 2.9％ (10/350),respectively.Conclutions The qualified rate of water improvement projects of fluoride content ≤ 1.2 mg/L is low and the endemic fluorosis is still comparatively serious in Hebei Province.The progress of water improvement projects in the areas with endemic fluorosis should be accelerated and the quality of water improvement projects should be increased. Key words: Drinking water; Fluorosis, dental; Skeletal fluorosis; Data collection
Compaction Wave Characteristics of Polymeric Foams Under Dynamic Loading

The continuum scale shock wave theory has been extensively used to characterize the compaction wave propagation in polymeric foams. However, experimental full-field measurements are scarce to validate such shock wave models. In this study, dynamic experiments with the help of ultra-high speed imaging in conjunction with digital image correlation (DIC) to characterize the compaction wave propagation in polymeric foams. A direct impact is applied on a polymer foam sample using a Hopkinson bar apparatus. The experiment is conducted by shooting a projectile directly at the specimen at an impact velocity of 90 m/s. Typical characteristics of the compaction wave such as compaction wave velocity, compaction wave profile, full-field particle velocities are obtained from the DIC measurements. Furthermore, using a non-parametric method, inertia stress and hence the full-field axial stress is calculated across the compaction wave.
Aggregation of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons

Solution bottom-up approaches can be used to prepare bulk quantities of narrow atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with various widths and geometries. These GNRs are often considered as promising materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the handling and processing of nanoribbons for practical applications can be difficult because of their entanglement and aggregation, and thus poor solubility in conventional solvents. In this work, we studied the aggregation-dependent properties of solution-synthesized chevron GNRs in a variety of solvents. We demonstrate that the spectroscopic features observed in the experimentally measured absorbance spectra of chevron GNRs are in a good agreement with the theoretically predicted excitionic transitions. We also show that the absorbance spectra of GNRs evolve with aggregation time, which is important to consider for the spectroscopic determination of optical bandgaps of nanoribbons. We discuss two types of GNR assemblies: bulk aggregates of π–π stacked nanoribbons that form in a solution and rather long one-dimensional (1D) structures that were observed on a variety of surfaces, such as Au(111), mica and Si/SiO2. We demonstrate that the few-μm-long 1D GNR structures can be conveniently visualized by conventional microscopy techniques and used for the fabrication of electronic devices.
Drug Resistance: New Approaches to Treatment

Mechanisms by which malignant cells may become resistant to chemotherapeutic agents are reviewed, with emphasis on methotrexate resistance. At least four mechanisms of resistance have been described in experimental systems, including human tumor cells propagated in vitro: impaired uptake of methotrexate, an altered target enzyme (dihydrofolate reductase), and an elevated level of dihydrofolate reductase, or decreased methotrexate polyglutamylation. Combinations of these changes have been noted to occur in cells acquiring resistance to methotrexate. In the clinic, examples of resistance due to alteration of dihydrofolate reductase or elevated levels of this enzyme due to gene amplification have been reported. A strategy for selectively eradicating these resistant cells with second generation antifolates that are cytotoxic to resistant cells is discussed.
Postscript: On the Politics of Accommodation

Studies of politics often pose questions to which the only available answers are bound to be misleading. If one were to ask whether bureaucrats or politicians were more powerful in modern Sweden, for example, any response that could be made would be unenlightening. Observing the growing resource base available to senior civil servants, the Swedish traditions of administrative independence and prestige, and the widespread participation of bureaucrats in policy-making roles, one might be tempted to conclude that the bureaucracy is clearly the dominant force. Yet the country has been strongly influenced by a reformist political party that retained power for forty-four years and used that power to initiate a variety of new programs, whether or not the bureaucrats were very much in favor of those programs. However pragmatic or activist Swedish administrators may be, politicians—including many in the so-called bourgeois parties—obviously have been more innovative in devising new programs. Who is more powerful? There can be no good answer because the question itself admits none. If Sweden suggests anything, surely it is that governance in modern democratic states is collective governance, widely shared, about which the interesting questions are not who is or who is not on top, at any given time, for any given issue, but rather, what relationship exists between those who wield power, how are they mediated, and how do they change through time.
Treatment of the Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease often associated with obesity that is increasing at an alarming rate, with a projected prevalence of 366 million cases worldwide by 2030 (1). In the United States, the lifetime risk of developing diabetes for individuals born in 2000 is a staggering 32.8% for males and 38.5% for females (2). The rapid increase in the prevalence of this condition is likely related to several factors, including the concomitant escalation in the prevalence of obesity (3), a sedentary lifestyle and high-fat diets, and an aging population. Type 2 diabetes is also increasing at epidemic proportions in children and adolescents in association with the increasing prevalence of obesity in this population as well (4). These statistics are especially disturbing in light of the fact that diabetes is one of the leading causes of blindness, endstage renal disease, and lower-extremity amputation and contributes significantly to cardiovascular death (5, 6). In this chapter, we focus on the medical treatment of type 2 diabetes, with a specific emphasis on the approach to the obese patient with this disease.
Assessing risk of commercial sexual exploitation among children involved in the child welfare system

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess item characteristics indicative of the severity of risk for commercial sexual exploitation among a high-risk population of child welfare system involved youth to inform the construction of a screening tool. Existing studies have discerned factors that differentiate Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) victims from sexual abuse victims, yet no research has been conducted to discriminate which items in a high risk population of youth are most predictive of CSEC. Using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) cohorts I and II, we examined responses from 1063 males and 1355 females ages 11 and older, over three interview periods. A 2-parameter logistic Item Response Theory (2 PL IRT) model was employed in order to examine item performance as potential indicators for the severity of risk for CSEC. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis was conducted in order to examine potential differences in item responses based on gender. Modeling strategies to assess item difficulty and discrimination were outlined and Item Characteristic Curves for the final retained items were presented. Evidence for uniform DIF were present within items that asked about runaway, any drug use, suicidality, and experiencing severe violence. Results from this study can inform the construction of a screening instrument to assess the severity of risk for experiencing CSEC.
Revised antiemetics guidelines and the impact on nutritional status during induction chemotherapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma.

Background High-risk neuroblastoma (HR NBL) treatment requires intensive induction chemotherapy. The profoundly emetogenic agents used can compromise nutritional status. Our institution introduced a new antiemetic guideline in 2010 incorporating regular dexamethasone, in addition to ondansetron, for all highly emetogenic protocols. Procedure A retrospective comparative review of pediatric patients diagnosed with HR NBL who received rapid COJEC induction chemotherapy as per HR-SIOPEN NBL trial. Prophylactic antiemetics were prescribed regardless of chemotherapy emetogenicity in group A (2004-2010) but for defined time periods considering chemotherapy emetogenicity in group B (2010-2017). Results Sixty-three children were eligible for inclusion (median age, 31 months; range, 1-88 months). Group A had more episodes of emesis than group B (189 vs. 116, P 10% body weight versus none in group B. Nutrition support (NS) was utilized by 29 children (94%) in group A and 22 children (69%) in group B. Group A had a median of 3 (range, 1-7) admissions for febrile neutropenia (FN) versus a median of 1.5 (range, 0-4) for group B (P = 0.003) during induction. Conclusion The review of our guidelines led to reduced emesis frequency for group B. They also required less NS, followed expected growth trajectories more closely and had fewer FN admissions. We propose that this may have occurred due to better emesis control resulting in improved nutritional status and associated enhanced immune function.
5-2-1-0 Lifestyle risk factors predict obesity in Millennials.

The Making Effective Nutritional Choices Generation Y (MENU GenY) study is a web-based intervention trial aimed at improving food choices in those aged 21-30 years. We report baseline levels of the 5-2-1-0 healthy lifestyle patterns to predict a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 vs 3 daily servings of fruits/vegetables (odds ratio, OR = 0.90, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.81, 0.99), and reporting >2.5 hours/week of vigorous physical activity (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.89-0.96, P < 0.001) was associated with a BMI <30. Conversely, time sitting (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.11) and consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.15) were related to a BMI ≥30. In this cohort of 20-30-year-olds, we observed a consistent relationship between obesity and the 5-2-1-0 healthy lifestyle patterns previously reported among children and adolescents.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Ulcer Recurrence Among Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers Treated in a Multidisciplinary Setting.

Abstract Background Recent studies demonstrate favorable diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing outcomes with the implementation of a multidisciplinary team. We aimed to describe the incidence of and risk factors associated with ulcer recurrence after initial complete healing among a cohort of patients with DFU treated in a multidisciplinary setting. Methods All patients presenting to our multidisciplinary diabetic limb preservation service from 6/2012-04/2018 were enrolled in a prospective database. The incidence of ulcer recurrence after complete wound healing was assessed per limb using the Kaplan-Meier method, and a stepwise multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was created to identify independent predictors of ulcer recurrence. Results A total of 244 patients with 304 affected limbs were included. Ulcer recurrence rates at one and 3 y after healing were 30.6 ± 3.0% and 64.4 ± 5.2%, respectively. Recurrent ulcers were smaller (4.4 ± 1.1 cm2 versus 8.2 ± 1.2 cm2; P = 0.04) and had a lower Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection stage (stage 4: 7.7% versus 22.4%; P Conclusions In this prospective cohort of patients with DFU, time to diagnosis and healing was significantly lower for recurrent ulcers, and downstaging was common. These data suggest that engaging patients with DFU in a multidisciplinary care model with frequent follow-up and focused patient education may serve to decrease DFU morbidity.
Early olfactory, but not gustatory processing, is affected by the selection of heritable cognitive phenotypes in honey bee

Associative learning enables animals to predict rewards or punishments by their associations with predictive stimuli, while non-associative learning occurs without reinforcement. The latter includes latent inhibition (LI), whereby animals learn to ignore an inconsequential 'familiar' stimulus. Individual honey bees display heritable differences in expression of LI. We examined the behavioral and neuronal responses between honey bee genetic lines exhibiting high and low LI. We observed, as in previous studies, that high LI lines learned a familiar odor more slowly than low LI bees. By measuring gustatory responses to sucrose, we determined that perception of sucrose reward was similar between both lines, thereby not contributing to the LI phenotype. We then used extracellular electrophysiology to determine differences in neural responses of the antennal lobe (AL) to familiar and novel odors between the lines. Low LI bees responded significantly more strongly to both familiar and novel odors than the high LI bees, but the lines showed equivalent differences in response to the novel and familiar odors. This work suggests that some effects of genotype are present in early olfactory processing, and those effects could complement how LI is manifested at later stages of processing in brains of bees in the different lines.
Beyond The High Prices Of Prescription Drugs: A Framework To Assess Costs, Resource Allocation, And Public Funding

During the past century, an accumulation of laws, organizations, and policy mechanisms has led to increasing transfers of public funds to private drug manufacturers, straining budgets and enabling industry revenues beyond what markets could ordinarily sustain. Tax benefits and fee waivers subsidize industry research, while public institutions and charities help fund the creation of new products and pay for their use once they are approved. New exclusivities increase prices by delaying competition, and payment programs such as Medicare Part D help guarantee that prices will be paid no matter how high they rise. Members of the public thus pay for pharmaceuticals in more ways than is commonly recognized. This article provides a more comprehensive framework for legislators and scholars to use in assessing the total societal costs of drugs. Greater transparency is needed to clarify individual drug costs, facilitate appropriate resource allocation, and ensure that the amount of public funding is justified by the value of the drugs. Congress should direct the Government Accountability Office to study public contributions underlying the highest-cost drugs and should require periodic reporting by drug manufacturers of the direct and indirect public funding they receive.
Education Morbidity and Mortality: Reviving Intraoperative Teaching and Learning.

Abstract Background Using the platform of morbidity and mortality conference, we developed and executed a combined faculty-resident intervention called “Education MM 90.1% said they would use some or a lot of the ideas presented. Awareness of OR teaching/learning challenges before and after the M&M improved from 3.0 to 3.7 (P = 0.00001) for faculty and 3.0 to 3.9 for trainees (P = 0.00004). Understanding of OR teaching and/or learning approaches improved from 3.1 to 3.7 for faculty (P = 0.00004) and 2.7 to 3.9 for trainees (P = 0.00001). In 2-mo post-intervention surveys, most residents had experienced two recommended solutions (71% and 88%) in the OR, but self-reported changes to faculty behavior did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions A department-wide education M&M could be an effective approach to enhance mutual communication between faculty members and residents around OR teaching/learning by identifying program-specific challenges and potential actionable solutions.
Improving Arthroplasty Efficiency and Quality Through Concentrating Service Volume by Complexity: Surviving the Medicare Policy Changes.

Abstract We have an academic medical center (AMC), an associated community-based hospital (CBH) and several ambulatory care centers which are being prepared to provide same day discharge (SDD) total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The near-capacity AMC cared for medically and technically complicated TJA patients. The CBH wanted to increase volume, improve margins, and become a center of excellence with an efficient hospital outpatient department and SDD TJA experience. Methods We transitioned primary, uncomplicated TJA, UKA, and minimally invasive TJA to the CBH. Revision surgeries, patients with extensive comorbidities, and complex primaries were performed at the AMC. Protocols were developed to facilitate SDD UKA and total hip arthroplasty (THA) as well as rapid recovery protocols for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at both hospitals. A protocol-based system was put in place to make both hospitals ready for the removal of TKA from the Inpatient-Only list to avoid Quality Improvement Organization and possible resultant Recovery Audit Contractor audits if referred after implementation. Results The CBH volume increased 36.7% (+239). AMC volume slightly decreased (−0.46%, −5) resulting in an increase in margin contribution for the system. CBH quality metrics (surgical site infections, length of stay, readmissions, and mortality) were improved. Surgeon satisfaction improved as their volume, efficiency, quality metrics, and finances were enhanced. Although CBH per case revenue was 80.3% and 74.4% of the AMC for THA and TKA, net margins were 3.6% and 18.8% higher for THA and TKA, respectively. Increased efficiency, lower hospital cost, and higher volume at the CBH allowed for an increase in revenue despite lower reimbursement per case. Conclusion This strategy will help hospital systems improve net margins while improving patient care despite lower net revenue per TJA episode. These strategies will become increasingly important going forward with the transition of higher numbers of TJA patients to outpatient which will be subjected to further decreases in net revenue per patient.
A Century of Family Budget Counseling

This article will review family social work’s concern with budget counseling, an aspect of financial capability, during the century following World War I, based on articles appearing in the major f...
Response Functions from Real Time TDDFT

Three methods of extraction of dynamic hyperpolarizabilities from explicitly time dependent polarization are described in detail. Locality of the nonlinear response for molecular systems is discussed.
Development of the Graphical Analysis Protocol (GAP) for Eliciting the Graphical Demands of Science Textbooks

School-based science textbooks have morphed in format and now mimic the layout of webpages and science trade books, with typical layouts including photographs, table, textboxes, flowcharts, drawings, and a myriad of other visual representations. Teachers report preference for these high visual-content books to traditionally formatted textbooks. While an increasing visual presence in science has been noted by many and explored in both middle and high school science textbooks, there is little information available about the graphical demands of science textbooks. Additionally, there is little research exploring the manner in which verbal and visual text work together. We discuss the development of a new instrument, the Graphical Analysis Protocol (GAP), based on four principles: (1) graphics should be considered by form and function, (2) graphics should help a viewer build a mental model of a system, (3) graphics and texts should be physically integrated, and (4) graphics and texts should be semantically integrated and discuss three research articles utilizing the GAP instrument for unique science textbooks.
Preschool Sleep Problems and Differential Associations With Specific Aspects of Executive Control in Early Elementary School

This study examined the differential associations between parent-reported child sleep problems in preschool and specific aspects of executive control in early elementary school in a large sample of typically developing children (N = 215). Consistent with expectations, sleep problems were negatively associated with performance on tasks assessing working memory and interference suppression inhibition, even after controlling for general cognitive abilities, but not with flexible shifting or response inhibition. The findings add to the literature on cognitive impairments associated with pediatric sleep loss and highlight the need for early intervention for children with sleep problems to promote healthy cognitive development.
Phase II study of pentostatin in advanced T-cell lymphoid malignancies: Update of an M. D. Anderson cancer center series

BACKGROUND The goal of the current study was to assess the toxicity, safety, and efficacy of pentostatin in patients with T-cell lymphoid malignancies. METHODS Patients were eligible if they had biopsy-proven T-cell lymphoma or leukemia and failure to respond to previous therapy or an expected complete response rate to conventional therapy of < 20%. Pentostatin was administered at an initial dose of 3.75 or 5.0 mg/m2 by intravenous bolus daily over a consecutive 3-day period every 3 weeks. RESULTS Forty-two of 44 patients enrolled in the study were evaluable. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range, 38–86 years). Patients received a median of 3 previous therapies (range, 0–10 previous therapies). Of these patients, 32 (76%) had mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome and 10 patients (24%) had other T-cell leukemias or lymphomas. The overall response rate was 54.8% (complete remission, 6 patients [14.3%]; partial remission, 17 patients [40.5%]). Durable responses were observed mainly in patients with Sezary syndrome or peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 20 months (range, 1–83+ months). The median duration of response was 4.3 months (range, 1–61 months). The most common toxicities were neutropenia, nausea, and CD4 suppression. A transient early ‘flare’ of disease was observed in some responders. CONCLUSIONS At these doses, pentostatin was reasonably well tolerated and is an effective drug for the treatment of T-cell lymphomas. Cancer 2004;100:342–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
On hypersphericity of manifolds with finite asymptotic dimension

We prove the following embedding theorems in the coarse geometry: Theorem A. Every metric space X with bounded geometry whose asymptotic dimension does not exceed n admits a large scale uniform embedding into the product of n + 1 locally finite trees. Corollary. Every metric space X with bounded geometry whose asymptotic dimension does not exceed n admits a large scale uniform embedding into a non-positively curved manifold of dimension 2n + 2. The Corollary is used in the proof of the following. Theorem B. For every uniformly contractible manifold X whose asymptotic dimension is finite, the product X x R is integrally hyperspherical for some n. Theorem B together with a theorem of Gromov-Lawson implies the result, previously proven by G. Yu (1998), which states that an aspherical manifold whose fundamental group has a finite asymptotic dimension cannot carry a metric of positive scalar curvature. We also prove that if a uniformly contractible manifold X of bounded geometry is large scale uniformly embeddable into a Hilbert space, then X is stably integrally hyperspherical.
Real-Time Adaptive Scheduling in Flexible Manufacturing Systems

An efficient scheduling method for flexible manufacturing systems must be able to respond to system disruptions. These disruptions may involve resource unavailability and/or demand changes. The response must be available in real time and minimize costs.
Thorotrast-induced liver neoplasia: A collective review

Thorotrast, a colloidal solution of thorium dioxide and dextrin, was used as a radiographic contrast agent in the United States, Europe, and Japan from 1930 to 1960. Thorium is a naturally occurring radionuclide with a physical half-life of 14 billion years and is deposited in tissues after parenteral injection, resulting in a lifetime of alpha-radiation exposure. Today, its former use has been primarily reported in its relationship to a wide range of malignancies, primarily of the liver, with the major causes of the death being liver cancer, cirrhosis, hematologic malignancies, and other cancers.
Evidence of executive dysfunction in extremely obese adolescents: a pilot study.

Abstract Background Obesity in children and adolescents is 1 of the most urgent and serious health threats confronting the United States. Extremely obese adolescents (body mass index >99th percentile for age and gender) are a unique subgroup of obese youth who are at considerable medical and psychosocial risk. Little is known about the cognitive function of extremely obese adolescents. The present study sought to examine the cognitive performance of a sample of extremely obese adolescents seeking primary treatment for weight loss. Methods Adolescents were recruited during regularly scheduled medical appointments at a children's center for weight management associated with a major children's hospital in the Southeast United States. A computerized battery of cognitive tests was administered to obese adolescents (body mass index >99th percentile; n = 25). Results Obese adolescents exhibited deficits in many cognitive domains, including impairment in attention and executive functions (e.g., mental flexibility, disinhibition) compared with the normative data. Conclusion Although preliminary, these data have provided evidence for specific cognitive deficits in extremely obese adolescents. These findings highlight a need to determine whether early weight loss interventions, such as bariatric surgery, for obese adolescents could potentially prevent or reverse cognitive deficits and/or reduce the risk of future adverse neurocognitive outcome.