cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein splicing removes intervening sequences in an archaea DNA polymerase

The Vent DNA polymerase gene from Thermococcus litoralis contains two in-frame insertions that must be spliced out to form the mature polymerase. Primer extension and cDNA PCR revealed no evidence of spliced RNA to account for this editing. In contrast, pulse-chase analysis indicated that expression constructs lacking the first insertion produced a protein precursor in Escherichia coli that was processed post-translationally to form polymerase and I-TliI, the endonuclease protein that is the product of the second insertion. At least one intermediate, which migrated more slowly than the precursor and may be branched, was also detected. Amino acid substitutions at the splice junction slowed or blocked the protein splicing reaction. Processing occurs in several heterologous systems, indicating either self-splicing or ubiquitous splicing factors. Processing occurs in a mutant lacking I-TliI endonuclease activity, establishing the independence of splicing and endonuclease activities.
An algorithm for dynamic data allocation in distributed systems

We propose a practical algorithm that changes the replication scheme of an object (i.e. the processors which store a replica of the object) dynamically, as the read-write pattern of the object changes in the network. The algorithm is based on the primary copy method, it preserves 1-copy-serializability, and it is distributed.
Large-scale networks via self-organizing hierarchical networks

abstract hidden units generated for spiral 6a. Inverse spirals 6c and 6d take only 100 epochs to train because theymust only learn to invert the representations learned for spirals 6a and 6b. Spiral 6e takes 900 epochs and benefits from the same abstract hidden units that spiral 6b benefitted from. Spiral 6f, the inverse of 6e, learns in 260epochs. Spiral 6g. the square spiral, learns in 2800 epochs because it cannot benefit from the representationsdeveloped by the other expert subnetworks. If more square spirals were presented, the salient window rules would eliminate the round spiral representations from further training.In parallel mode, modular iterative atrophy attempts to minimize the number of hidden units by searching for useful commonalities between subtasks to allow the development of shared hidden units. Training proceedsfrom more abstract to more specific to develop an abstraction hierarchy of hidden units. During the search foruseful abstractions, significant negative transfer of training between subtasks is encountered, and poor abstract
Optical communication challenges for a future internet design

This talk challenges the optical research community to explore more secure, robust, and flexible future networks and consider how advances in technology and systems could impact future Internet designs, unconstrained by the current Internet.
Structure and resilience of the social network in an insect colony as a function of colony size

Social interactions are critical to the organization of worker activities in insect colonies and their consequent ecological success. The structure of this interaction network is therefore crucial to our understanding of colony organization and functioning. In this paper, I study the properties of the interaction network in the colonies of the social wasp Ropalidia marginata. I find that the network is characterized by a uniform connectivity among individuals with increasing heterogeneity as colonies become larger. Important network parameters are found to be correlated with colony size and I investigate how this is reflected in the organization of work in colonies of different sizes. Finally, I test the resilience of these interaction networks by experimental removal of individuals from the colony and discuss the structural properties of the network that are related to resilience in a social network.
Isolation and Characterization of T4 Bacteriophage gp17 Terminase, a Large Subunit Multimer with Enhanced ATPase Activity

Phage T4 terminase is a two-subunit enzyme that binds to the prohead portal protein and cuts and packages a headful of concatameric DNA. To characterize the T4 terminase large subunit, gp17 (70 kDa), gene 17 was cloned and expressed as a chitin-binding fusion protein. Following cleavage and release of gp17 from chitin, two additional column steps completed purification. The purification yielded (i) homogeneous soluble gp17 highly active inin vitro DNA packaging (∼10% efficiency, >108 phage/ml of extract); (ii) gp17 lacking endonuclease and contaminating protease activities; and (iii) a DNA-independent ATPase activity stimulated >100-fold by the terminase small subunit, gp16 (18 kDa), and modestly by portal gp20 and single-stranded binding protein gp32 multimers. Analyses revealed a preparation of highly active and slightly active gp17 forms, and the latter could be removed by immunoprecipitation using antiserum raised against a denatured form of the gp17 protein, leaving a terminase with the increased specific activity (∼400 ATPs/gp17 monomer/min) required for DNA packaging. Analysis of gp17 complexes separated from gp16 on glycerol gradients showed that a prolonged enhanced ATPase activity persisted after exposure to gp16, suggesting that constant interaction of the two proteins may not be required during packaging.
The introductory placebo washout: A retrospective evaluation

Abstract We examined the effects of the “introductory placebo washout” technique by reanalyzing the results of a recent trial of an experimental antidepressant. At the beginning, all patients were placed on placebo in a single-blind design. Patients who were rated as placebo responders with the physician-administered Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) were excluded from the trial. In spite of this technique, an alternative measure of depression indicated that many patients with a positive response to placebo had been entered in the trial. In the reanalysis, elimination of these “hidden placebo responders” did not lower the final placebo response rate and actually diminished the differences observed at the end of the study between the active treatment and placebo groups. These data suggest that the introductory placebo washout may have unpredictable, possibly confounding effects on patient samples in trials of antidepressant agents.
The prevention and treatment of immediate hypersensitivity reactions from cancer chemotherapy.

I N THE PRESENT-DAY PRACTICE of medical oncology, administration of chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the primary responsibilities of oncology nurses. These specialists are welleducated in the appropriate management of the common adverse side effects of chemotherapeutic agents, including nausea, vomiting, and bone marrow suppression. However, until recently, the importance of hypersensitivity reactions, an often serious complication of chemotherapy administration, has received little attention. Since these potentially life-threatening reactions occur immediately after drug administration-a time when frequently only nursing personnel are available-oncology nurses should be well-informed in the recognition and treatment of immediate hypersensitivity reactions resulting from cancer chemotherapy. Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs are the result of a reaction between antibodies and a foreign antigen, in this case, the chemotherapy drug. These reactions are divided into four classes-types I, II, III, and IV-based upon the mechanism by which the drug results in tissue damage (Table l).’ Type I, immediate hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylactic, anaphylactoid), will be the focus of this article. Anaphyluxis is a generic term used to describe the clinical manifestations of any type I reaction.
Georges Bank conflict resolved

The International Court of Justice has resolved the long-term conflict between the United States and Canada over claims to mineral and living resources lying along the countries' common Atlantic maritime border. On October 12, in a 4–1 decision, the World Court rejected the United States' claim to the entire Georges Bank area, a region of the Continental Shelf off Massachusetts and Nova Scotia that is a prime fishing ground and is believed to have good potential for oil and gas deposits as well. The disputed area is roughly the top third of the Georges Bank area. The court awarded each country approximately half of this disputed area. No appeals are allowed under this decision.
Fluid-Phase Chain Unsaturation Controlling Domain Microstructure and Phase in Ternary Lipid Bilayers Containing GalCer and Cholesterol

We report the microstructure and phase behavior of three ternary mixtures each containing a long-chain saturated glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide (GalCer), and cholesterol at room temperature. The unsaturation level of the fluid-phase component was varied by lipid choice, i.e., saturated 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), singly unsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), or doubly unsaturated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). GalCer was used because of its biological significance, for example, as a ligand in the sexual transmission of HIV and stimulator of natural killer T-cells. Supported lipid bilayers of the ternary mixtures were imaged by atomic force microscopy and GalCer-rich domains were characterized by area/perimeter ratios (A/P). GalCer domain phase transitions from solid (S) to liquid (L) phase were verified by domain behavior in giant unilamellar vesicles, which displayed two-dimensional microstructure similar to that of supported lipid bilayers. As cholesterol concentration was increased, we observed ∼2.5, ∼10, and ∼20-fold decreases in GalCer domain A/P for bilayers in L-S phase coexistence containing DOPC, POPC, and DLPC, respectively. The transition to L-L phase coexistence occurred at ∼10 mol % cholesterol for bilayers containing DOPC or POPC and was accompanied by maintenance of a constant A/P. L-L phase coexistence did not occur for bilayers containing DLPC. We systematically relate our results to the impact of chain unsaturation on the interaction of the fluid-phase lipid and cholesterol. Physiologically, these observations may give insight into the interplay of fatty acid chain unsaturation, sterol concentration, and lipid hydrophobic mismatch in membrane phenomena.
Chern-Simons terms in string theories

The origin of Chern-Simons terms in string theories is clarified in a fermionic formulation of the closed bosonic strings. A connection is established between the induced Chern-Simons terms in 2+1 dimensional field theories and the ones appearing in the field strength tensor of the antisymmetric tensor field in string theories.
Cellular tumorigenicity in nude mice: Correlation with cell growth in semi-solid medium

Abstract Cultured cells derived from either normal or malignant tissues of several species have been tested by injection into the immune-deficient nude mouse in order to determine the cellular properties which are associated with tumorigenicity in vivo. Results show that one in vitro property consistently correlated with neoplastic growth in nude mice is the ability of the cell to form spherical colonies in a semi-solid growth medium such as methyl cellulose suspension. Cellular tumorigenicity is not determined solely by the malignancy of the tissue of origin, since cells derived from nonmalignant tissues become tumorigenic when they are no longer anchorage dependent for growth. In addition, acquisition of infinite growth potential in heteropioid cell lines is not in itself sufficient to confer tumorigenic capacity on the cells. These results suggest that the degree of cell growth in methyl cellulose is a useful parameter in vitro for predicting tumorigenicity in the animal, and also demonstrate the potential usefulness of the nude mouse for analysis of cellular malignancy irrespective of the tissue or species of origin.
Validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the measurement of 5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorouridine (935U83) in human plasma

Abstract An isocratic reversed-phase LC-MS method for measuring concentrations of 5-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-fluorouridine (935U83; I) directly and its 5′-glucuronide metabolite (5-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5′-O-β- d -glucopyranuronosyl-3′-fluorouridine) indirectly in human plasma was developed, validated, and applied to a Phase I clinical study. The pyrimidine nucleoside, I, was extracted from human plasma by using anionic solid-phase extraction. The concentration of the glucuronide conjugate was determined from the difference between the molar concentration of I in a sample hydrolyzed with β-glucuronidase and the nonhydrolyzed sample. Recovery of I from human plasma averaged 90%. The bias of the assay for I ranged from −5.5 to 7.1% during the validation and from −6.0 to 1.4% during application of the assay to the Phase I single-dose escalation study. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 8% for I and its glucuronide conjugate. The lower and upper limits of quantitation for a 50-μl sample were 4 ng/ml and 3000 ng/ml, respectively. No significant endogenous interferences were noted in human plasma obtained from drug-free volunteers nor from predose samples of HIV-infected patients.
Standing guard: Perinuclear localization of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Sexual reproduction has both potential benefits and potential hazards for the fitness of a genome. The genetic shuffling that accompanies meiosis is recognized as a way of testing genetic variation against environmental changes to select for evolutionary fitness. However, sexual reproduction can also assist the spread of infectious genetic parasites by intermingling two genomes. Meiosis-specific defense mechanisms have arisen to combat this hazard, and this type of defense is strikingly evident in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. A recent study by Shiu et al. (1) in this issue of PNAS sheds new light on a meiotic process that targets transcripts from unpaired regions of chromosomes for destruction during meiosis.
Peritonitis due to ingestion of glass chipped from baby-food container.

Summary A case of peritonitis in an infant resulting from perforation of the bowel by a glass fragment from a baby-food container is reported. When hemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract is a presenting symptom, accidental ingestion of a sharp chip from the rim of a glass container should be considered as an etiologic possibility. Safety measures preventing this type of accident are emphasized.
Risk factors in irritable bowel syndrome.

TO THE EDITOR: The cross sectional survey for risk factors in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) reported recently by Locke et al. (1) once again highlights the complexity of this highly prevalent health problem. Their findings include associations between IBS and analgesic use for non-GI conditions, reported food allergies/sensitivities, and ratings of somatic symptoms. This reminds us that IBS is often encountered as one feature in a broad constellation of related health disturbances.
Ipsilateral neck and shaft fractures of the femurs

Abstract Femoral neck fractures associated with femoral shaft fractures remain a diagnostic problem. Although they occur frequently, these fractures are occasionally overlooked. Complications of an overlooked femoral neck fracture are potentially catastrophic, including avascular necrosis and nonunion. Treatment often requires compromise for ipsilateral hip and femur shaft fractures. Standard hip-fracture fixation and shaft fixation methods may interfere with each other. The various options for treatment are discribed based on the anatomical locations of each fracture. Pros and cons of options are discussed.
On the Analytical Computation of Optimal Trajectories for Batch Reactors

Analytical solutions are found to an optimal control for fed-batch reactors with inhibition kinetics. The analytical solutions are found for rate expressions of the form R(c) = K(c f -c)N where c f is the feed concentration. This type of rate model leads to nilpotent reactor models, and might be used to construct nilpotent approximations to more realistic rate models. The control law can used to implement a Model Predictive Control in which a parameter optimization, and possibly a rate law approximation, is performed at each time step.
Safety of liver resection in the elderly: how important is age?

With the aging population, more elderly patients are being considered for hepatic resection. We investigated whether advanced age was associated with higher rate and severity of postoperative complications. A total of 75 patients aged ≥70 years (group E) were matched with 75 patients aged <70 years (group Y) by the extent of liver resection and by operative indications. Primary outcome measures were rates and severity of complications. Secondary outcome measures were length of hospital stay and discharge destination. Univariate analysis was also performed to identify variables associated with higher surgical risk. Male-to-female ratio was 43:32 in both groups. Overall complication rates were 44 and 33.3% in group E and Y, respectively (P = 0.241; odds ratio = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.81–3.05). There was no mortality in both groups. The only postoperative age-related morbidity was confusion in the elderly. There was no difference in the rates of severe complications (grade ≥3) between group E and group Y (16 vs. 14.7%; P = 0.744; odds ratio = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.46–2.70). Median length of hospital stay were 7 and 6 days, respectively (P = 0.01). Nineteen percent and 1% of patients in group E and group Y were discharge to rehabilitation facilities, respectively (P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative systemic chemotherapy and longer operative time were associated with higher morbidity in the elderly. Liver resection can be performed in patients aged ≥70 years as safely as in younger patients. Duration and timing of systemic chemotherapy before liver resection should be optimized to minimize postoperative morbidity.
Cocaine body packing in pregnancy

Ingesting multiple packets of drugs ("body packing") is a well-described method of smuggling. Although older reports suggested that body packers were mostly young men, the demographics of this group may be changing because children, older patients, and pregnant women may be involved. Pregnant patients represent a challenge in management, particularly in the event of package rupture. Modification of standard management protocols, which were developed for nonpregnant body packers, may be necessary to address the anatomic and physiologic changes of pregnancy. We report the case of a pregnant cocaine body packer who required a perimortem cesarean section after the rupture of a cocaine packet. The care of the pregnant body packer is discussed.
Information technology project outcomes: user participation structures and the impact of organization behavior and human resource management issues

Abstract Despite considerable research examining user participation in information technology (IT) project implementation, the findings are equivocal concerning how beneficial IT user participation is for project outcomes. Likewise, evidence concerning the management of various forms of user participation is also mixed. This study posits an integrated user participation structure composed of a combination of steering committees, cross-functional teams and project champions performing different functions and supporting each other during the course of project implementation. The study builds a research model that identifies the impact of various organization behavior and human resource management (OB/HRM) issues on the ability of the user participation structure to influence IT project outcomes. It presents the results of field research in the form of nine case studies to identify various OB/HRM factors that can discriminate between different IT project outcomes. The field study leads to a revised research model that emphasizes the role of processes and dynamics within the user participation structure, as well as the role of OB/HRM variables, in influencing the relationship between user participation structures and IT project outcomes.
Closed-loop input and output impedances of DC-DC switching converters operating in voltage and current mode control

This work derives the closed-loop input and output impedances of three major types of DC-DC converters (Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost) operating in voltage or current mode control. First, it introduces the small-signal converter model employed to derive the input and output impedances. Next, it reviews open-loop impedances for use in simplifying the expressions developed for closed-loop impedances. It then derives the closed-loop impedances by closing the voltage or current loop (depending on control method) in the converter model. Finally, The validity of the impedances thus derived is verified by simulation.
The Chromosphere and Transition Region — Current Status and Future Directions of Models

This essay on the chromosphere and transition region begins with a general discussion of mechanically heated atmospheres and goes on to discuss both descriptive and physical models. The descriptive models include the thermodynamic and fluid dynamic properties of the atmosphere as deduced from observations. Particular features of the models are identified with the properties of the radiation loss associated with the ionization of hydrogen and with the properties of thermal conduction. The role of spicules in chromosphere and transition region properties is emphasized. Physical models that attempt to predict the basic features of the descriptive models are reviewed.
Measurement properties and classification accuracy of two spanish parent surveys of language development for preschool-age children.

Purpose To describe the concurrent validity and classification accuracy of 2 Spanish parent surveys of language development, the Spanish Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ; Squires, Potter, & Brick...
Overactive Bladder in Children

Overactive bladder in children is a bothersome and prevalent disorder that presents with a variety of different symptoms, ranging from irritative voiding symptoms such as frequency and urgency to urinary incontinence and/or nocturnal enuresis. In almost all cases of overactive bladder in neurologically intact children, the root cause has been linked to dysfunctional elimination syndrome. Although a great deal of progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of dysfunctional elimination, and previous harmful therapies have been for the most part abandoned, several unanswered questions remain regarding this disorder, which are partly due to a wide spectrum of presenting disorders and the difficulty of performing complex urodynamic evaluations in small children. In this review, we seek to address some of these uncertainties, such as the causes of pediatric overactive bladder, how it can be prevented, and how it can be most efficaciously treated.
A Genetic and environmental analysis of the vocational interests of monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared apart

Abstract The Strong Vocational Interest Blank-Strong Campbell Interest Inventory (SVIB-SCII) and the Jackson Vocational Interest Survey (JVIS) were administered to 52 pairs of monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA) and 27 pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA), who participated in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart between 1979 and 1988. Intraclass correlations were computed, and heritabilities were estimated from both sets of vocational interest scales and from factors derived from the combined data set. For the 19 common vocational interest dimensions of the two instruments, the average MZA intraclass correlations for the SVIB-SCII and JVIS were .38 and .47, respectively. The average DZA correlations for the SVIB-SCII and JVIS were .05 and .06, respectively. Biometric models were fit to the variances and a genetic component was shown to be necessary to explain the findings for the majority of the scales and factors. The findings for the 19 common scales were very similar to those based on all scales in each inventory and for 10 vocational interest factors identified via factor analysis. Factor scores for all adopted individuals were correlated with two different measures of the rearing environment, the Family Environment Scale and a Physical Facilities Checklist. Very few of these correlations were significant.
Teaching evaluations and reflective practice: Strategies for improving teaching skills in adventure education

There is a shortage of evidence-based research on evaluation of teaching skills of adventure educators. Although program and instructor assessments are regularly used, there is limited documentation as to the methods employed to design them. Incomplete theoretical conceptions about the role of the instructor and how students learn may account for the lack of research on instructional evaluation in adventure education. The authors suggest that adventure education assessments put more focus on evaluation of teaching strategies by incorporating theories of reflective practice. The goal is to improve outdoor pedagogy using a mutually supportive debriefing format. The authors provide a summary of four themes (evaluation methods, opportunities for individual and shared debriefing as reflective practice, the role of feedback in student learning, and adaptive expertise), based on recent research, which can contribute to a future model of reflective practice for adventure education.
A REAL-TIME CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR AN APPROXIMATE PROCESSING BLACKBOARD SYSTEM

Approximate processing is an approach to real-time AI problem solving in domains in which compromise is possible between the resources required to generate a solution and the quality of that solution. It is a satisficing approach in which the goal is to produce acceptable solutions within the available time and computational resource constraints. Previous work has shown how to integrate approximate processing knowledge sources within the blackboard architecture. However, in order to solve real-time problems with hard deadlines using a blackboard system, we need to have: (1) a predictable blackboard execution loop, (2) a representation of the set of current and future tasks and their estimated durations, and (3) a model of how to modify those tasks when their deadlines are projected to be missed, and how the modifications will affect the task durations and results. This paper describes four components for achieving this goal in an approximate processing blackboard system. A parameterized low-level control loop allows predictable knowledge source execution, multiple execution channels allow dynamic control over the computation involved in each task, a meta-controller allows a representation of the set of current and future tasks and their estimated durations and results, and a real-time blackboard scheduler monitors and modifies tasks during execution so that deadlines are met. An example is given that illustrates how these components work together to construct a satisficing solution to a time-constrained problem in the Distributed Vehicle Monitoring Testbed (DVMT).
Redirecting carbon flux into malonyl-CoA to improve resveratrol titers: Proof of concept for genetic interventions predicted by OptForce computational framework

Abstract Malonyl-CoA is the limiting precursor for the overexpression of an array of heterologous pathways in bacteria, such as flavanones, polyketides, microdiesel and poly-unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. Previously, we have been able to develop a strain with higher carbon flux to acetyl-coA and malonyl-CoA by carrying out genetic interventions predicted by OptForce framework. Here we carried out the same interventions in a resveratrol producing strain and obtained a 60% increase in the yield giving the highest titer of 1.6 g/L obtained in lab scale fermentation without the addition of expensive fatty acid pathway inhibitors such as cerulenin. The positive genetic alterations involved overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA) and deletion of fumarase (FumC). This work presents the development of an alternative source of resveratrol with possible applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food industry.
Polyclonal immunoglobulin G deposition disease: A unique entity

Abstract We report a unique case of tubular polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition disease (PIDD) superimposed on diabetic nephropathy in an 84- year-old man presenting with subacute renal failure and proteinuria. The deposits were located exclusively between the tubular epithelial cells and the tubular basement membranes (TBMs) and stained intensely with antisera to IgG heavy chain and both kappa and lambda light chains. Electron microscopy revealed large predominantly extracellular electron-dense deposits with a distinctive curvilinear substructure. The associated light microscopic findings of tubular simplification with features of acute tubular necrosis implicate this tubulopathy as the cause of the acute renal failure. This appears to represent a unique entity that does not fit into any previously described category of renal tubular immune complex or immunoglobulin deposition disease. (Am J Kidney Dis 1998 Aug;32(2):328-33)
Effects of the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) on Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Beef Steers: Continuous Fly Population Levels

Twenty-four Hereford-Angus crossbred beef steers were exposed to 0, 75, 150, and 225 horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), per head under controlled environmental conditions. The physiological and nutritional indices of all steers were recorded during a 14-d infestation period. Overall rectal temperature increased in steers exposed to 225 H. irritans was per head. Feed intake and nitrogen consumption by steers exposed to 225 H. irritans was lower than uninfested steers during the first 4 d. Overall serum cortisol was lower in steers exposed to 150 or 225 H. irritans per head compared with unexposed steers. Compared with unexposed steers, packed cell volume (percentage) was lower in steers exposed to 150 H. irritans on days 4, 7, and 14, lower in steers exposed to 225 H. irritans on days 7 and 14, and lower in steers exposed to 75 H. irritans on day 14. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher on day 1 in steers exposed to 75 H. irritans per head compared with uninfested steers, whereas BUN was lower in 225 H. irritans-exposed steers on days 7, 10, and 14 when compared with uninfested steers. Our data, in conjunction with previously published data, suggest that rectal temperature increases in beef steers exposed to > 150 H. irritans per head, and water consumption and urine production increases at infestation levels > 225 H. irritans per per head. Our data were unable to resolve H. irritans effects on steer heart rate, respiration rate, urinary nitrogen excreted, nitrogen retained, and serum cortisol levels.
On a problem about cyclic subgroups of finite groups

Let G be a finite group and let S be a subgroup of G with core We say that (G, S) has property (*) if there exists x ∈ G such that S ∩ x−1
Sensitivity of Compressed Spectral Arrays for Detecting Seizures in Acutely Ill Adults

Background Continuous EEG recordings (cEEGs) are increasingly used in evaluation of acutely ill adults. Pre-screening using compressed data formats, such as compressed spectral array (CSA), may accelerate EEG review. We tested whether screening with CSA can enable detection of seizures and other relevant patterns.
What Is The Pride Of Halicarnassus

Abstract This paper proposes a general analysis of the structure and imagery of the Salmacis epigram, a late Hellenistic verse inscription recently found in Bodrum which relates the foundation of Halicarnassus and lists the achievements of the city9s authors. Focusing on the first part of the poem, I argue that the epigram can be seen to trace a complex symbolic map of the city in space and time. On a first level of reference the poem9s episodes of foundation are consistently represented as the aitia of ritual events. Superimposed on the catalogue of foundation episodes is a catalogue of the ritual events that commemorated them, and our epigram uses this level of reference to ground its portrait of Halicarnassus in the contemporary ritual life of the polis. In this way the poem is able to locate the city in the space of cult and to inscribe the linear time of primordial origins in the recurrent present of ritual practice. On a complementary level of reference, finally, the different episodes of foundation also function as so many statements of kinship——every founder effectively ties the city to another region and another people. As a parallel to the local space of ritual, then, the combination of these statements of kinship is made to locate the city in the wider space of ethnic geography. Behind a seemingly simple catalogic form, the Salmacis epigram actually combines two levels of reference to achieve a significant and multifaceted representation of a late Hellenistic city9s cultural memory.
Umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 levels and neonatal morbidity

Objective To study umbilical cord interleukin-6 levels and the occurrence of neonatal sepsis, congenital pneumonia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and grade II–IV intraventricular hemorrhage. Methods Umbilical cord blood was collected from 133 preterm newborns. The study population was divided according to the presence or absence of neonatal complications. Interleukin-6 levels and clinical characteristics were compared by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Sixteen neonates had adverse outcomes, and 117 were unaffected. The median interleukin-6 level was significantly higher in affected than in unaffected infants (145 pg/mL versus 0 pg/mL, P = .002). Elevated interleukin-6 levels were associated independently with neonatal morbidity in multiple logistic regression modeling that included gestational age, birth weight, and antenatal steroid exposure. Conclusion Umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 levels are elevated in neonates who subsequently develop sepsis, congenital pneumonia, necrotizing enterocolitis, or grade II–IV intraventricular hemorrhage.
REMARKS ON ANALOGY BETWEEN SYSTEMS

Although the concepts of isomorphism, homeomorphism, and homomorphism, etc., are defined in different disciplines, they seem to be far too specialized for general use. In this paper the concepts of substantial and structural analogies between general systems are introduced, which are the generalizations of those given by M. Bunge.1 The following results are proved: (i) There is no system S such that S is an object of itself, (ii) All matters in the physical world consist of basic particles, where a basic particle is a particle which cannot be divided into smaller particles.
An Electrophysiological Investigation of the Effects of Social Rejection on Self Control

Previous studies have shown that social rejection leads to impaired performance on a variety of tasks that require self control, including the Stroop color-word interference task; however, mechanisms underlying the effect remain to be elucidated. We attempted to clarify the effects of social rejection on self control resources by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) during a computerized Stroop test. Stroop performance and ERPs from 54 participants in rejected, control, and accepted groups were analyzed. A significant difference in the pattern of results for the N450 ERP was found, with rejected participants showing less negativity on incongruent trials and more on congruent trials compared to accepted participants and controls. The results suggest social rejection reduces the engagement of cognitive control mechanisms, and are more consistent with a limited strength resource model than with limited capacity resource models that focus on limitations in attention.
Synthesis, separation, and characterization of amphiphilic sulfated oligosaccharides enabled by reversed-phase ion pairing LC and LC–MS methods

Synthesis of amphiphilic oligosaccharides is problematic because traditional methods for separating and purifying oligosaccharides, including sulfated oligosaccharides, are generally not applicable to working with amphiphilic sugars. We report here RPIP-LC and LC-MS methods that enable the synthesis, separation, and characterization of amphiphilic N-arylacyl O-sulfonated aminoglycosides, which are being pursued as small-molecule glycosaminoglycan mimics. The methods described in this work for separating and characterizing these amphiphilic saccharides are further applied to a number of uses: monitoring the progression of sulfonation reactions with analytical RP-HPLC, characterizing sulfate content for individual molecules with ESI-MS, determining the degree of sulfation for products having mixed degrees of sulfation with HPLC and LC-MS, and purifying products with benchtop C18 column chromatography. We believe the methods described here will be broadly applicable to enabling the synthesis, separation and characterization of amphiphilic, sulfated and phosphorylated oligosaccharides and other types of molecules substituted to varying degrees with both anionic and hydrophobic groups.
The Gift Economy and State Power in China

The state apparatus in China today has taken upon itself almost total responsibility for administering the social and economic domain. The welfare and control of the population, the organization of production, planning all social activities, and the distribution of the means of subsistence have become primary concerns of organs of the state. The types of power relationships and their social and symbolic expressions, which have crystallized around the distribution and circulation of desirables in such a political economy, are the subject of the present study. The study will also examine how certain counter-techniques of power deviate from the larger strategy of power exercised through the state socialist political economy, forming pockets of intransigence from within.
Prolonged Remission in Neuromyelitis Optica Following Cessation of Rituximab Treatment

Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune disease characterized by acute episodes of transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. Several small, open-label studies suggest rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against CD20, prevents relapses in neuromyelitis optica; however, there is little consensus on timing or duration of treatment. Here we report four patients with severe relapsing neuromyelitis optica who were stabilized on rituximab and, after discontinuing treatment, continued to experience prolonged remission of their disease. Remission ranged from 4.5 to 10.5 years total, including 3 to 9 years off all therapies. The patients had sustained clinical responses despite normal B-lymphocyte levels and, in at least 2 patients, continued seropositivity for aquaporin-4 antibodies. These cases suggest that rituximab may induce prolonged remission in certain neuromyelitis optica patients, and they highlight the need for further elucidation of rituximab's mechanism in neuromyelitis optica.
Doing Business Beyond My Boundary through Cloud Peering

Cloud computing has become more and more prevalent over the past few years. New cloud service providers intensify competition in the fast-growing market. While competition not always makes customers better off, cloud service providers can adopt a more collaborative model for satisfying its user need very much like the telecommunication industry that supports mobile roaming. We call this collaborative model Cloud Peering which is a possible way for service providers to collaborate with each other to accomplish a win-win solution.
Stretch induces upregulation of key tyrosine kinase receptors in microvascular endothelial cells

We previously demonstrated that cyclic stretch of cardiac myocytes activates paracrine signaling via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leading to angiogenesis. The present study tested the hypothesis that cyclic stretch upregulates tyrosine kinase receptors in rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells (RCMEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). VEGF receptor-2 (Flk-1) protein levels increased in HUVEC and RCMEC in a time-dependent manner, but the increase occurred much earlier in RCMEC than in HUVEC. The enhancement of Flk-1 protein level was not inhibited by addition of VEGF neutralizing antibodies, indicating that VEGF is not involved in stretch-induced Flk-1 expression. VEGF receptor-1 (Flt-1) protein and mRNA were not changed by stretch. However, Tie-2 and Tie-1 protein levels increased in RCMEC. Angiopoietin-1 and -2, the ligands for Tie-2, increased in cardiac myocytes subjected to cyclic stretch but were not affected by stretch in endothelial cells (EC). Stretch or incubation of RCMEC with VEGF increased cell proliferation moderately, whereas stretch + VEGF had an additive effect on proliferation. Mechanical stretch induces upregulation of the key tyrosine kinase receptors Flk-1, Tie-2, and Tie-1 in vascular EC, which underlies the increase in sensitivity of EC to growth factors and, therefore, facilitates angiogenesis. These in vitro findings support the concept that stretch of cardiac myocytes and EC plays a key role in coronary angiogenesis.
Direct adaptive control of manipulators in Cartesian space

A new adaptive-control scheme for direct control of manipulator end effector to achieve trajectory tracking in Cartesian space is developed in this article. The control structure is obtained from linear multivariable theory and is composed of simple feedforward and feedback controllers and an auxiliary input. The direct adaptation laws are derived from model reference adaptive control theory and are not based on parameter estimation of the robot model. The utilization of adaptive feedforward control and the inclusion of auxiliary input are novel features of the present scheme and result in improved dynamic performance over existing adaptive control schemes. The adaptive controller does not require the complex mathematical model of the robot dynamics or any knowledge of the robot parameters or the payload, and is computationally fast for on-line implementation with high sampling rates. The control scheme is applied to a two-link manipulator for illustration.
Epileptic seizures cause extended postictal cerebral vascular dysfunction that is prevented by HO-1 overexpression

The extended postictal state is characterized by neurological problems in patients. Inadequate blood supply to the brain and impaired cerebral autoregulation may contribute to seizure-induced neuro...
A cognitive model that describes the influence of prior knowledge on concept learning

It is well known that our prior knowledge and experiences affect how we learn new concepts. Although several formal modeling attempts have been made to quantitatively describe the mechanisms about how prior knowledge influences concept learning behaviors, the underlying cognitive mechanisms that give rise to the prior knowledge effects remains unclear. In this paper, we introduce a computational cognitive modeling framework that is intended to describe how prior knowledge and experiences influence learning behaviors. In particular, we assume that it is not simply the prior knowledge stored in our memory trace influencing our behaviors, but it is also the learning strategies acquired through previous learning experiences that affect our learning behaviors. Two simulation studies were conducted and the results showed promising outcomes.
Control of matric water potential (ψm) in immobilised cultures of cyanobacteria

Three simple methods are described that permit cells of cyanobacteria, immobilised on filter supports, to be subjected to matric water stress that leads to a downshift in nitrogenase activity. In Nostoc commune, a desiccation-tolerant form, nitrogenase activity is more sensitive to water stress than the intracellular ATP pool. When it is dried rapidly to −99.5 MPa, nitrogenase activity ceases within 30 min while the ATP pool is maintained at 16.07 pmol ATP · μg protein−1. During short-term incubation, decreasing ψm from −0.10 to −23.1 MPa may result in an increased rate of CO2 uptake.
A Nonreductionist's Solution to Kim's Explanatory Exclusion Problem

In this paper I shall give a close examination of Kim’s argument for the exclusion problem. Kim thinks that the only solution to the exclusion problem is reductionism. I shall propose another solution that does not require that mental properties be reducible to physical properties, or that psychology be reducible to neuroscience. My paper is divided into three parts. In the first part I shall explain how the explanatory exclusion problem is generated. In the second part I shall examine Kim’s argument for the exclusion of psychological explanation, namely, his supervenience argument. And finally in the third part, I shall offer my solution to this problem. In a nutshell, my solution will be that of mental/physical properties identity defined locally, holistically. My analysis is based on Davidson’s mental/physical event identity. An individual’s mental event is nothing but the physical event of the individual’s brain. But since the properties we use to specify a mental event and the properties we use to specify its corresponding a physical event must be defined through the whole system in which the event in question takes place, these properties cannot be the properties dealt with in either psychology or neuroscience. I shall explain how this analysis of identity does not commit one to mental/physical properties reductionism, or intertheoretic reductionism between psychology and neuroscience.
A new species of the genus Imalithus Pascoe, 1870 from Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)

Abstract A new species of Imalithus Pascoe, I. gabata sp. nov., from Papua New Guinea is described, illustrated, and distinguished from its only known congener, I. patella Pascoe, 1870. The new species represents the first record of the genus from New Guinea.
A Situated Knowledge Representation of Geographical Information

In this paper we present an approach to conceiving of, constructing and comparing the concepts developed and used by geographers, environmental scientists and other earth science researchers to help describe, analyze and ultimately understand their subject of study. Our approach is informed by the situations under which concepts are conceived and applied, captures details of their construction, use and evolution and supports their ultimate sharing along with the means for deep exploration of conceptual similarities and differences that may arise among a distributed network of researchers. The intent here is to support different perspectives onto GIS resources that researchers may legitimately take, and to capture and compute with aspects of epistemology, to complement the ontologies that are currently receiving much attention in the GIScience community.