cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of fine particle size lithium aluminate for application in molten carbonate fuel cells

Lithium aluminate (LiAlO/sub 2/) was synthesized by heat treatment of various types of aluminas (..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ..cap alpha..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ..gamma..-AlOOH, and Al(OH)/sub 3/), Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ or LiOH, and Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. For this procedure, the temperature (625 to 975/sup 0/K) and time (1.5 to 90 h) of heat treatment were varied to determine the optimum conditions to obtain ..gamma..-LiAl1O/sub 2/ of high surface area, which was suitable for electrolyte structures in molten carbonate fuel cells. A mixture of Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ and high surface area ..gamma..-LiAlO/sub 2/ was obtained by the heat treatment of ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, LiOH, and Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ at 775 K for 2 h, then at 975 K for 16 h. However, when ..gamma..-AlOOH, Al(OH)/sub 3/, and ..cap alpha..-AL/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were substituted for ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ in the synthesis procedure, ..cap alpha..-, BETA-, and ..gamma..-LiAlO/sub 2/ were obtained. A mixture of Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ and a mator phase of ..cap alpha..-LiAlO/sub 2/ was obtained by heat treatment of alumina, Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/, and Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ at 875 to 975/sup 0/K for 23 to 90 h; this material is not suitable formore » electrolyte structures.« less
Distribution and Chemistry of Manganese, Iron, and Suspended Particulates in Orca Basin

The intense halocline and redoxcline in the Orca Basin, northwest Gulf of Mexico, induce dramatic water column profiles for manganese, iron, and suspended particulates. Within a 17 m interval, the salinity of the basin water increases from 66 to ≈260 & permil and dissolved oxygen decreases to zero. Midway through this transition zone, concentrations of suspended matter peak at ≈900 μg/liter. Dissolved iron and manganese concentrations in the anoxic brine increase from oceanic values to maxima of 1.6 and 22 mg/liter, respectively. Upward migration of dissolved manganese from the brine leads to production of manganese-rich particles in the slightly oxygenated overlying water.
Management of Dyspnea Guidelines for Practice for Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Dyspnea is an important symptom to address in occupational therapy since it significantly contributes to decreased functional status and health-related quality of life in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article presents the Management of Dyspnea Guidelines for Practice. The guidelines direct the clinician to help adult patients with COPD overcome the disabling effects of dyspnea by helping patients to master combining controlled breathing with activity exertion and by desensitizing them to dyspnea. An example of an occupational therapy treatment program based on the practice guidelines is described. A case study example is also provided to illustrate how the guidelines can be applied to occupational therapy practice.
Perceived image quality basis for image enhancement techniques

This paper discusses the use of basic image quality metrics to construct systematic procedures for the enhancement of digital-image sharpness, and describes in detail how these same procedures may be extended to the problem of the satisfactory rendering of images covering a wide range of brightness levels (the extended-latitude problem). It is demonstrated that in both cases the solution includes the possibility of naturally-adaptive and continuously-variable enhancement techniques which are both simple in operation and undemanding of computational resources.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hydrodynamic Measurements of Jets in Crossflow for Gas Turbine Film Cooling Applications

Mesures hydrodynamiques pour des jets dans un ecoulement transversal dans le cas du refroidissement par film des aubes de turbines a gaz
Overview of information management in the nuclear industry

Ces systemes d'information sont discutes sous trois aspects: l'aide a la decision, l'aide a la mise en œuvre, et le stockage des donnees indispensables
Introduction to Special Issue: Transitional Issues for K-16 Students

This article describes transitional issues experienced by young people from entry into kindergarten to entry into college. A brief overview of transitional theories is offered. Each of the major articles in the special issue are summarized.
Forest sources and pathways of organic matter transport to a blackwater stream: a hydrologic approach

Quantitative information regarding landscape sources and pathways of organic matter transport to streams is important for assessing impacts of terrestrial processes on aquatic ecosystems. We quantified organic C, a measure of organic matter, flowing from a blackwater stream draining a 12.6 km2 watershed on the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain in South Carolina, and utilized a hydrologic approach to partition this outflow between its various pathways from upland and wetland forest sources. Results of this study indicate that 28.9 tonnes C yr−1 were exported in stream flow, which was estimated to be 0.5% of the annual C input from forest detritus to the watershed. Upland forest, which covers 94% of the watershed area, contributed only 2.0 tonnes C yr−1 to stream flow, which amounted to 0.04% of detritus annually produced by the upland forest. Organic matter was transported from uplands to the stream almost entirely through groundwater. Apparently, upland soils are too sandy to support overland flow, and the sloping topography insufficiently extensive or steep enough to drive important quantities of interflow. Riparian wetland forest, which covers only 6% of the watershed area, contributed 26.9 tonnes C yr−1 to stream flow, amounting to about 10.2% of detritus annually produced by the wetland forest. Dissolved organic C leached from wetland soil accounted for 63% of all organic C entering the stream, and was transported chiefly in baseflow. These results indicate that upland detritus sources are effectively decoupled from the stream despite the sandy soils and quantitatively confirm that even small riparian wetland areas can have a dominant effect on the overall organic matter budget of a blackwater stream. In view of the recognized importance of dissolved organic matter in facilitating transport of other substances (e.g., cation nutrients, metals, and insoluble organic compounds), our results suggest that the potential for movement of these substances through wetland soils to streams in this region is high.
CrN-Ag self-lubricating hard coatings

Abstract CrN–Ag composite films, 2.5–4 μm thick, were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on Si and stainless steel substrates in a 0.4 Pa pure nitrogen atmosphere at 500 °C. The layer composition was controlled by the relative power to 7.5-cm-diameter Ag and Cr targets to be 0, 3, 12, and 22 at.% Ag. The layers exhibit a dense columnar microstructure where the Ag is homogeneously distributed in the CrN matrix. The coatings were vacuum annealed for t a = 5–60 min at temperatures ranging from T a = 600–700 °C, to study the Ag-lubricant transport to the surface. Ag surface segregation during annealing is negligible for layers with 3 at.% Ag content. However, Ag diffuses to the surface of layers with ≥ 12 at.% Ag and forms particles with diameters ranging, as a function of T a and t a , from 50 to 1100 nm. Statistical analyses provide average particle sizes of 110 and 375 nm, and surface particle densities of 2 × 10 7 and 1.7 × 10 6 mm − 2 , for the 12 and 22% Ag samples, respectively. The Ag diffusive transport occurs 2–3 times faster for the 22% than for the 12% sample. We attribute the increase in Ag transport as a function of the total Ag concentration to a network of pores that form during deposition due to Ag segregation into nanometer-size pockets. The pores grow in width and connectivity as the total Ag concentration is increased, leading to a faster Ag transport at elevated Ag concentrations. Room-temperature micro-scratch tests show that the average friction coefficients and wear track depths monotonically decrease, by 27 and 56%, respectively, when the Ag concentration is increased from 0 to 22 at.%.
Rawls on Politics and Punishment

Rawls stabilizes and secures his liberal institutions with a stategy of reconciliation that progressively narrows and even closes the spaces of politics and contest. But the democratic politics and...
EFFECT OF SELECTIVE DESTRUCTION OF CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL CATECHOLAMINE‐CONTAINING NEURONES WITH 6‐HYDROXYDOPAMINE ON CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION IN THE RAT

1 The contribution of various tissues to some of the pools of catecholamine metabolites in urine has been estimated by measuring the excretion of these compounds by rats given DOPA-free diets and intravenous, intraventricular, or intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine.2 Destruction of peripheral sympathetic neurones by repeated intravenous doses of 6-hydroxydopamine led to a 34% decrease in noradrenaline excretion, and a 38% decrease in 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol sulphate excretion. Depletion of brain noradrenaline (by 67%), after intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine, was unassociated with changes in the excretion of noradrenaline or of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol sulphate. This suggests that these compounds in rat urine are derived mainly from peripheral tissues.3 Depletion of brain dopamine (by 80%) by intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine was associated with a 27% decrease in the excretion of homovanillic acid. Destruction of peripheral sympathetic neurones with intravenous 6-hydroxydopamine led to a 25% decrease in homovanillic acid excretion. The data suggest that the homovanillic acid in rat urine derives partially from brain dopamine and partially from dopamine released from or metabolized within sympathetic neurones.4 Neither depletion of brain dopamine, nor destruction of sympathetic neurones, caused alterations in the excretion of dopamine or dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
A 2.9 megabit field memory especially suitable for PALplus applications

Today's television has reached a high state of picture quality, and further major improvements are limited by the restrictions of the transmission standard. However, as IC technology advances, means have become available to eliminate or reduce many of the effects which still impair a perfect picture rendition. Among these effects are large-area flicker, line-flicker, cross talk between luminance and chrominance, and noise. Most of the TV makers working in that application area, normally referred to as IDTV (improved definition TV), use dedicated ASM called field memories (FMEMs), to store in an appropriate digital format the picture received by the TV set, and to apply to it DSP concepts, in order to improve the above mentioned effects. A novel architecture of a 2.9 Mbit field memory that is emerging as a European Industry Standard in IDTV applications, is described. Further evolution of the device specially suitable for PALplus applications is also described. >
Use of solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of various pharmaceuticals in surface water

This article presents the development, validation and application of a new multi-residue method for simultaneous determination of 36 pharmaceuticals (histamine receptor antagonists, psychoactive stimulant, antiepileptics, antihypertensive, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, lipid regulator, antibiotics, antibacterial, skin care ingredient and metabolites of nicotine and lipid regulators) in surface water using solid phase extraction (Strata-X at pH 5) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Recoveries were greater than 70% with less than 20% SD for the majority of analytes. The instrumental quantification limit was between 2 and 181 pg, and method quantification limit varied from 0.5 to 98 ng L−1 in spiked stream water. The pH and sorbent dependence of matrix effects is discussed. The optimised method was used to determine the occurrence of target analytes in surface water from the coastal Lake Erie in Oregon, northwest Ohio. Seventeen analytes were detected...
Short-Run Predictive Models for Retail Meat Sales

Demand analysis has long been a central concern of agricultural economists. Typically, price-quantity relationships have been examined using time-series data for various commodities for broad geographic areas. The results have proven useful for many types of decisions (Brandow, Breimyer), but they are of limited value at those stages in the food system where specific products are traded (round steak or ground beef rather than U.S. Choice beef carcasses), where the sales of an individual firm must be estimated rather than the sales of all firms in a market or region, and in those situations where firms operate in a short-term decision environment with short-run variations in demand that are not accounted for in traditional demand models. All of these conditions hold for individual retail food firms. Short-run variations in the demand faced by food retailers are particularly troublesome in accurately anticipating sales. Retailers operate in local markets with considerable interdependence with other retail food firms. The behavior of competitors is difficult to anticipate and thus may alter the demand faced by a particular firm from week to week. In addition, industry personnel contend that other factors also influence short-run demand and/or sales. These include weekly advertised specials, merchandising variables such as the closeness of trim or the size and location of displays, and closeness to payday. Variations in the farm and wholesale prices of commodities such as broilers, beef, and pork (as well as many other agricultural commodities) are often substantial from week to week or even within a single week. While variations in supply account for some of the variation in prices, industry participants have also contended that variations in demand-largely due to supermarket specialling activity--are also important causes of short-run price instability. The research summarized in this paper examines the weekly price-quantity relationships for specific meat products at the retail store level. It is thus concerned with short-run demand relationships that have a direct bearing on the pricing, ordering, and inventory control tasks of retail food firms, and that also influence the short-run derived demand sched-
Preferred policies when there is a concern for probability of adoption

Abstract A theory of effective policy choice is developed that recognizes that the probability that a policy is adopted depends on who gains from it, who loses, and by how much. Ten pieces of recent environmental legislation are assessed to see how mechanisms such as coupling with other legislation, phased implementation, and the manipulation of uncertainty can spread benefits and costs. Several optimizing models are presented that explicitly incorporate the probability of adoption.
Parents' beliefs and practices regarding childhood fever: a study of a multiethnic and socioeconomically diverse sample of parents.

Objective: To examine childhood fever beliefs and practices in a multiethnic, multiracial, and socioeconomically diverse sample. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Participants: Parents of children attending a hospital clinic, neighborhood health center, and a private practice. Results: Two hundred seventy-four parents were interviewed; 45% were Latino; 15%, African-American; 25%, white; and 14%, other (excluded from further analysis, leaving a final sample size of 235). Latinos (11%) and African-Americans (7%) were more likely than whites (0%) to have no thermometers (P < 0.006). Only 42% of parents knew the correct temperature for fever. Greater proportions of Latinos (55%) and African-Americans (44%) take their child to the emergency department for fever than whites (21%; P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that parents who had not graduated from high school had 5 times the odds of not using a thermometer to check for fever and triple the odds of not asking a health care provider for fever advice, and parents of uninsured children were 5 times less likely to bring their febrile child to the emergency department. Low-income parents significantly more often used the emergency department and remedies other than antipyretics for their febrile children. Latino parents were more likely to believe that certain Latino folk illnesses cause fever, and African-American parents had triple the odds of not knowing the correct temperature for fever. Conclusions: Parents' beliefs and practices regarding childhood fever vary by race, ethnicity, sociodemographics, and the child's insurance coverage. Educating parents about fever, improving access to health insurance and primary care, and ensuring that families have thermometers may enhance appropriate use of health services and improve outcomes for febrile children.
Extension of metastatic lung cancer from cervix cancer through pulmonary vein into the left atrium.

A43-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital for a pulmonary and cardiac mass diagnosed at another hospital. She had a past history of cervical cancer treated by radical hysterectomy, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy 14 years previously. She also suffered from cerebral infarction of embolic origin without any neurologic sequela 3 months before admission to our hospital. No cardiac murmur was noted, and her laboratory findings were unremarkable. An initial chest roentgenogram revealed an 8-cm-sized huge lobulated mass on the right lower lobe suspicious of lung cancer, and right pleural effusion (Fig 1A, black arrow). A chest computed tomographic scan shows a huge mass on the right lower lobe encasing the extrapericardial right inferior pulmonary vein, and multiple nodules scattered on the right lower lobe. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a 1.2 3.1-cm sized hypermobile echogenic ass attached at the right inferior pulmonary vein (Fig B white arrow pointing to the mass inside the pulmo-
Patient counseling by primary care physicians: Results of a nationwide survey

The rate of patient counseling in primary care medicine is a pivotal element of inter-specialty differences in styles of care. Using national data on patient care provided in both ambulatory care settings and in the hospital, this study examines the use of counseling by general and family practitioners, pediatricians, internists, and obstetrician/gynecologists. The findings show substantial differences based on physician specialty, with highest rates of counseling for family practitioners and internists, and rates of patient education for these two specialties almost three times that for general practitioners. The data also show generally higher counseling rates for hospital care and for first encounters with patients, and a tendency for office-based pediatricians and solo general practitioners to use less patient counseling compared to their institution-based counterparts. Projections of annual visit rates for the United States show that general practice and internal medicine account for a disproportionate amount of patient counseling compared to other primary care specialties, based on patient volume.
Minimal realization problem for Hidden Markov Models

In this paper, we study the problem of finding a minimal order (quasi-) Hidden Markov Model for a random process, which is the output process of an unknown stationary HMM of finite order. In the main theorem, we show that excluding a measure zero set in the parameter space of transition and observation probability matrices, both the minimal quasi-HMM realization and the minimal HMM realization can be efficiently constructed based on the joint probabilities of length N output strings, for N > max(4 log d (k) + 1,3), where d is the size of the output alphabet size, and k is the minimal order of the realization. We also aim to connect the two lines of literature: realization theory of HMMs / automatas, and the recent development in learning latent variable models with tensor techniques.
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathway signaling during neuronal apoptosis: lessons from the analysis of mutant mice.

Trophic factor deprivation (TFD)-induced apoptosis in sympathetic neurons requires macromolecular synthesis–dependent BAX translocation, cytochrome c (cyt c) release, and caspase activation. Here, we report the contributions of other intrinsic and extrinsic pathway signals to these processes. Sympathetic neurons expressed all antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins examined, yet expressed only certain BH3-only and multidomain proapoptotic BCL-2 family members. All coexpressed proapoptotic proteins did not, however, exhibit functional redundancy or compensatory expression, at least in the Bax−/−, Bak−/−, Bim−/−, Bid−/−, and Bad−/− neurons examined. Although the subcellular distribution or posttranslational modification of certain BCL-2 proteins changed with TFD, neither transcriptional nor posttranslational mechanisms regulated the expression or subcellular localization of BID, BAD, or BAK in this paradigm. Despite modest induction of Fas and FasL expression, Fas-mediated signaling did not contribute to TFD-induced apoptosis in sympathetic neurons. Similar findings were obtained with K+ withdrawal–induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons, a model for activity-dependent neuronal survival in the CNS. Thus, expression alone does not guarantee functional redundancy (or compensation) among BCL-2 family members, and, at least in some cells, extrinsic pathway signaling and certain BH3-only proteins (i.e., BID and BAD) do not contribute to BAX-dependent cyt c release or apoptosis caused by TFD.
The Value Of Graduate Certificate Programs In Engineering Education: A Strategic Assessment

There has been a significant increase in the popularity of non-degree graduate certificates throughout the past decade. This increase has raised questions about the value of engineering graduate certificate programs from students, alumni, and employers. Do engineering certificate programs provide real world skills and knowledge? Do they serve as effective recruiting tools for universities? Do they provide opportunities for students to meet their professional goals in terms of salary increase and promotions? This study explores these questions. Eighty-three current and former engineering certificate students, as well as forty professionals from industry, were surveyed about their value perception of graduate certificate programs. Guidance for engineering educators and other professionals concerned with development and marketing of engineering graduate certificate programs is also presented.
Increased levels of tissue plasminogen activator with a low plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in a patient with postoperative bleeding

Recurrent postoperative bleeding in a previously healthy man with a moderate prolongation of PT and PTT which did not correct with vigorous fresh-frozen plasma infusion was identified as a unique abnormality of the fibrinolytic system: a combination of an excess of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) at 300% of normal activity accompanied by a concurrent deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1) of 10-20% of normal activity. This observation underscores the potentially important regulatory role of PAI-1 in the degree to which clinical manifestations of bleeding tendencies may occur in patients in whom an excess amount of t-PA is expressed.
MBE growth of CdSeTe/Si composite substrate for long-wavelength IR HgCdTe applications

Abstract For the first time, the ternary alloy CdSexTe1−x(2 1 1) has been grown on Si(2 1 1) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth of CdSeTe was facilitated using a compound CdTe effusion source and a Se effusion source. The alloy composition (x) of CdSexTe1−x ternary compound was controlled through the Se/CdTe flux ratio. Our results indicate that the quality of CdSeTe decreases as the alloy composition increases, which was possibly due to an alloy disordering effect. A similar trend was observed for the ternary alloy system CdZnTe. However, the alloy disordering effect in CdSeTe is less severe than that in CdZnTe. We have carried out the growth of CdSeTe on Si at different temperatures. Based on our results, we found that the rate of Se incorporation is higher than the rate of Te incorporation as growth temperature increases. As-grown CdSeTe with 4% Se, which is lattice matched to long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe material, exhibits excellent surface morphology, low surface defect density (less than 500 cm−2) and low X-ray (full-width at half maximum) of 103 arcsec.
Fast stereo-based head tracking for interactive environments

We present a robust implementation of stereo-based head tracking designed for interactive environments with uncontrolled lighting. We integrate fast face detection and drift reduction algorithms with a gradient-based stereo rigid motion tracking technique. Our system can automatically segment and track a user's head under large rotation and illumination variations. Precision and usability of our approach are compared with previous tracking methods for cursor control and target selection in both desktop and interactive room environments.
Quality of Youth Sport Friendships: Measurement Development and Validation

The role of peers has been neglected in research on youth psychosocial development in sport. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a measure of youth sport friendship quality for the purpose of facilitating such research. Dimensions and higher order themes found in Weiss, Smith, and Theeboom’s (1996) qualitative study of sport friendships among children and adolescents, as well as a core set of items from previous research (Parker & Asher, 1993), were used to develop and refine items for a sport friendship quality scale. Over the course of three studies, content, factorial, and construct validity, as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability, were demonstrated for the Sport Friendship Quality Scale (SFQS). Future research is recommended to examine the role of children’s sport friendship quality on psychosocial development in the physical domain.
Design of a precision flexural linear stage system with sub- nanometer resolution and 12-mm travel range

Precision ball-bearing-based or roller-bearing-based positioning stage systems are capable of providing a large travel range. However, it is not possible to meet requirements in sub-nanometer positioning resolution, high tilting stiffness, and microradian-level straightness of trajectory repeatability with a simple rolling element guiding system. To meet those requirements and still allow for large travel range, we have designed a novel precision flexural linear stage. It is capable of sub-nanometer positioning resolution and 12-mm travel range for synchrotron radiation instrumentation applications. The design and preliminary test results for a prototype stage system are discussed in this paper.
Compositional specification of software architecture

This paper describes our experience using parameterized algebraic specifications to model properties of software architectures. The goal is to model the decomposition of requirements independent of the style used to implement the architecture. We begin by providing an overview of the role of architecture specification in software development. We then describe how architecture specifications are build up from component and connector specifications and give an overview of insights gained from a case study used to validate the method.
On the trajectories and coordination of steered particles with time-periodic speed profiles

Motivated by observations of fish and possibilities for mobile robotics, we study collective motion of networks of agents that move with periodically time-varying speed. Each agent is modeled as a particle with constant turning rate and time-periodic speed profile at steady state. Expressions are derived for the trajectories of such particles, emphasizing the variation from the constant-speed circular orbit. We show that trajectories remain bounded if the speed profile contains no frequency content at the turning rate. Steering and speed control laws are derived that stabilize a rich family of collective motion patterns of a many-particle system about a common center point, where headings and speed phases are coordinated.
Prospects for improving the regulatory process using e-rulemaking

U.S. citizens participate directly in rulemaking---a deliberate agenda-setting process designed to elicit, sort, and clarify fact and opinion from a wide variety of interested parties. The rulemaking process offers a directness and scope for public participation unavailable in other policy-making processes [1].
Extrinsic apoptosis is impeded by direct binding of the APL fusion protein NPM-RAR to TRADD.

A subset of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cases has been characterized by the t(5;17)(q35;q21) translocation variant, which fuses nucleophosmin (NPM) to retinoic acid receptor α (RARA). The resultant NPM-RAR fusion protein blocks myeloid differentiation and leads to a leukemic phenotype similar to that caused by the t(15;17)(q22;q21) PML-RAR fusion. The contribution of the N-terminal 117 amino acids of NPM contained within NPM-RAR has not been well studied. As a molecular chaperone, NPM interacts with a variety of proteins implicated in leukemogenesis. Therefore, a proteomic analysis was conducted to identify novel NPM-RAR–associated proteins. TNF receptor type I–associated DEATH domain protein (TRADD) was identified as a relevant binding partner for NPM-RAR. This interaction was validated by coprecipitation and colocalization analysis. Biologic assessment found that NPM-RAR expression impaired TNF-induced signaling through TRADD, blunting TNF-mediated activation of caspase-3 (CASP3) and caspase-8 (CASP8), to ultimately block apoptosis. Implications: This study identifies a novel mechanism through which NPM-RAR affects leukemogenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 12(9); 1283–91. ©2014 AACR.
Resistance and Cooperation: A Response to Conflict Over Job Performance

Research literature on job performance from both management oriented and industrial relations/sociology of work models is synthesized to produce a more comprehensive understanding of how supervisors manage employee performance problems. Two assumptions are derived from the synthesis: (1) employees are active in accepting and resisting definitions of performance issues made by supervisor; (2) informal interactions regarding the interpretation of performance issues are pivotal in understanding how performance problems are resolved. In a study of university library supervisors we focus on the informal exchanges and characterize them as negotiations over the definition of job performance. We report results from a qualitative study of supervisors' interactions with employees identified as having performance problems. Three types of interactions in informal negotiations are found. We label the supervisors' interpretations of their interactions with employees as conformist, confrontational, or rebellious, design...
Hue fields and color curvatures: a perceptual organization approach to color image denoising

The denoising of color images is an increasingly studied problem whose state-of-the-art solutions employ a variety of diffusion schemes. Specifying the correct diffusion is difficult, however, in part because of the subtleties of color interactions. We address this difficulty by proposing a perceptual organization approach to color denoising based on the principle of good continuation. We exploit the periodic chromatic (hue) component of the color in its representation as a frame field. We derive two hue curvatures and use them to construct a local model for the behavior of the color, which in turn specifies consistency constraints between nearby color measurements. These constraints are then used to replace noisy pixels by examining their spatial context. Such a contextual analysis (combined with standard methods to handle the scalar channels, saturation and lightness), results in a robust noise removal process that preserves discontinuities, singularities, and fine chromatic structures, including those that diffusion processes are prone to distort. We demonstrate our approach on a variety of synthetic and natural images.
Mate Preference and Disease Risk in Zootermopsis angusticollis (Isoptera: Termopsidae)

Termites face significant and chronic intranidal selection pressures from parasites and pathogens that colonize their nests. They also encounter microbes outside their nest while foraging and during dispersal of winged primary reproductives to establish new colonies. The latter run the additional risk of becoming infected by a mating partner. Indeed, death of reproductives because of disease is a major cause of incipient colony failure and may favor prescreening prospective mates for signs of illness. To determine the role of disease on mate preference in termites, female primary reproductives of the Pacific dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen) simultaneously were presented with reproductive males that were either healthy or exhibiting a progression of symptoms associated with infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff Sorokin). We compared duration and frequency of female visits to healthy and infected males. In addition, we determined the physiological consequences for females exposed to fungal conidia, either directly or indirectly through their mate. Females showed no preference for healthy rather than infected males. Moreover, only directly-exposed females experienced negative physiological effects, having a reduced chance of survival, gaining less weight, developing fewer functional ovarioles, and producing significantly fewer vitellogenic oocytes than controls. Although there are important fitness-related costs of direct exposure, the lack of mate selection based on disease risk suggests that more imminent ecological pressures (e.g., predators, desiccation) override the need for a careful and time-consuming assessment of a potential mate's health.
Identification of attentional and hyperactivity problems in primary care: a report from pediatric research in office settings and the ambulatory sentinel practice network.

Objectives. To 1) determine the frequency of identification of attentional and hyperactivity problems (AHPs) by clinicians, and 2) examine whether minority children or children from less well-educated, lower-income, or lower-functioning families would be more likely to be identified as having AHPs. Design. Prospective cohort study of 22 059 consecutive children 4 to 15 years of age being seen for acute, chronic, and health supervision visits. Setting. Practices of 401 pediatric and family practice clinicians in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and 4 Canadian provinces. Methods. Parent questionnaires included demographic information and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Clinician questionnaires categorized psychosocial problems and addressed how assessment of problems was made. Analyses compared children with newly identified AHPs with those with other newly identified psychosocial problems. Results. Clinicians identified behavior problems in 18.7% of children, with 9.2% of the entire sample identified as having AHPs. Among those with newly assessed AHPs, clinicians identified minority children and those from low-income or poorly functioning families as having AHPs at the same rate as other children. However, even after controlling for symptoms, males were more likely than females (odds ratio, 2.81) to be identified as having AHPs. Older clinicians were significantly more likely to identify children as having AHPs (odds ratio, 2.09). In assessing AHPs, clinicians used standardized tools such as behavioral questionnaires for only 36.9% of children, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria for 38.3% of children. Conclusions. AHPs are highly prevalent in primary care practice. Clinicians do not appear predisposed to label children from disadvantaged backgrounds as having AHPs. Primary care assessment of AHPs lacks standardization.
Revisiting the homogenization of dammed rivers in the southeastern US

summary For some time, ecologists have attempted to make generalizations concerning how disturbances influence natural ecosystems, especially river systems. The existing literature suggests that dams homogenize the hydrologic variability of rivers. However, this might insinuate that dams affect river systems similarly despite a large gradient in natural hydrologic character. In order to evaluate patterns in dam-regulated hydrology and associated ecological relationships, a broad framework is needed. Flow classes, or groups of streams that share similar hydrology, may provide a framework to evaluate the relative effects of dam regulation on natural flow dynamics. The purpose of this study was to use a regional flow classification as the foundation for evaluating patterns of hydrologic alteration due to dams and to determine if the response of rivers to regulation was specific to different flow classes. We used the US Geological Survey (USGS) database to access discharge information for 284 unregulated and 117 regulated gage records. For each record, we calculated 44 hydrologic statistics, including the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. We used a sub-regional flow classification for eight states as a way to stratify unregulated and regulated streams into comparable units. In general, our results showed that dam regulation generally had stronger effects on hydrologic indices than other disturbances when models were stratified by flow class; however, the effects of urbanization, withdrawals, and fragmentation, at times, were comparable or exceeded the effects of dam regulation. In agreement with the existing literature, maximum flows, flow variability, and rise rates were lower whereas minimum flows and reversals were higher in dam regulated streams. However, the response of monthly and seasonal flows, flow predictability, and baseflows were variable depending on flow class membership. Principal components analysis showed that regulated streams occupied a larger multivariate space than unregulated streams, which suggests that dams may not homogenize all river systems, but may move them outside the bounds of normal river function. Ultimately, our results suggest that flow classes provide a suitable framework to generalize patterns in hydrologic alterations due to dam regulation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Heat curing of soy protein films at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric conditions

The effect of heat curing at atmospheric or subatmospheric conditions on selected properties (moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), color, tensile strength (TS), elongation (E), and total soluble matter (TSM) content) of cast soy protein isolate films was investigated. Films were heat cured at 85 o C for 6, 12, 18, or 24 h at absolute pressures of 101.3, 81.32, or 61.32 kPa. Heat-cured films had increased (P , 0.05) TS and decreased (P , 0.05) WVP and E compared to control, unheated films. Heat treatment under vacuum reduced the WVP of films faster than heat curing at atmospheric pressure. High TS values, low E values, and low TSM values were also reached within short heating time under vacuum. However, vacuum treatment increased the size and number of cavities in
The Fable of Federal Regulation: Reconsidering the Federal Role in Environmental Protection

This essay posits that many federal environmental laws were adopted for the wrong rea- sons. Further, it suggests that environmental protections could be improved if more policy decisions were left in the hands of state and local governments.
A Low Loss Power Distribution Network Design in Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic Technology

The development of power distribution networks in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) to deliver power to electronic chips with minimal power loss and/or voltage drop presents real challenges. In the last decade, the power consumption for some applications has increased considerably while the supply voltage has been reduced. A number of designs for low loss power distribution networks were investigated for implementation using low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) technology. This paper discusses the fabrication of power distribution networks (PDNs) using LTCC technology that exhibit sub-milliohm resistance through the use of full tape thickness features and other structures. Experimental data is also presented to support the viability of the approaches presented. The results presented in this paper show that the finite DC conductivity of the silver conductor paste commonly used in LTCC fabrication presents a challenge when attempting to build PDNs with low losses at high current levels. By analyzi...
Adaptive impulse response modeling for interactive sound propagation

We present novel techniques to accelerate the computation of impulse responses for interactive sound rendering. Our formulation is based on geometric acoustic algorithms that use ray tracing to compute the propagation paths from each source to the listener in large, dynamic scenes. In order to accelerate generation of realistic acoustic effects in multi-source scenes, we introduce two novel concepts: the impulse response cache and an adaptive frequency-driven ray tracing algorithm that exploits psychoacoustic characteristics of the impulse response length. As compared to prior approaches, we trace relatively fewer rays while maintaining high simulation fidelity for real-time applications. Furthermore, our approach can handle highly reverberant scenes and high-dynamic-range sources. We demonstrate its application in many scenarios and have observed a 5x speedup in computation time and about two orders of magnitude reduction in memory overhead compared to previous approaches. We also present the results of a preliminary user evaluation of our approach.
Chromosome 3 Status in Uveal Melanoma: A Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Array

Purpose To compare fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a centromeric probe for chromosome 3 (CEP3) and 3p26 locus-specific probe with single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A) analysis in the detection of high-risk uveal melanoma. Methods Fifty cases of uveal melanoma (28 males, 22 females) treated by enucleation between 2004 and 2010 were analyzed. Fresh tissue was used for FISH and SNP-A analysis. FISH was performed using a CEP3 and a 3p26 locus-specific probe. Tumor size, location, and clinical outcome were recorded during the 7-year study period (median follow-up: 35.5 months; mean: 38.5 months). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. Results Monosomy 3 was detected by FISH-CEP3 in 27 tumors (54%), FISH-3p26 deletion was found in 30 (60%), and SNP-A analysis identified 31 (62%) of the tumors with monosomy 3. Due to technical failures, FISH and SNP-A were noninterpretable in one case (2%) and two cases (4%), respectively. In both cases of SNP-A failure, tumors were positive for FISH 3p26 deletion and in a single case of FISH failure, monosomy 3 was found using SNP-A. No statistically significant differences were observed in any of the sensitivity or specificity measures. Conclusions For prediction of survival at 36 months, FISH CEP3, FISH 3p26, and SNP-A were comparable. A combination of prognostication techniques should be used in an unlikely event of technical failure (2%-4%).
Mitochondria in the middle: exercise preconditioning protection of striated muscle

Cellular and physiological adaptations to an atmosphere which became enriched in molecular oxygen spurred the development of a layered system of stress protection, including antioxidant and stress response proteins. At physiological levels reactive oxygen and nitrogen species regulate cell signalling as well as intracellular and intercellular communication. Exercise and physical activity confer a variety of stressors on skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system: mechanical, metabolic, oxidative. Transient increases of stressors during acute bouts of exercise or exercise training stimulate enhancement of cellular stress protection against future insults of oxidative, metabolic and mechanical stressors that could induce injury or disease. This phenomenon has been termed both hormesis and exercise preconditioning (EPC). EPC stimulates transcription factors such as Nrf-1 and heat shock factor-1 and up-regulates gene expression of a cadre of cytosolic (e.g. glutathione peroxidase and heat shock proteins) and mitochondrial adaptive or stress proteins (e.g. manganese superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial KATP channels and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1)). Stress response and antioxidant enzyme inducibility with exercise lead to protection against striated muscle damage, oxidative stress and injury. EPC may indeed provide significant clinical protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury, Type II diabetes and ageing. New molecular mechanisms of protection, such as δ-opioid receptor regulation and mitophagy, reinforce the notion that mitochondrial adaptations (e.g. heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and sirtuin-1/PGC-1 signalling) are central to the protective effects of exercise preconditioning.
Torsional and Lateral Resonant Modes of Cantilevers as Biosensors: Alternatives to Bending Modes

We show here novel cantilever designs that express torsional and lateral modes exhibit excellent mass-change sensitivity to molecular self-assembly on gold (75-135 fg/Hz) which is superior to that of widely investigated bending modes. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) millimeter-sized cantilevers were designed with two types of anchor asymmetry that induced expression of either torsional or lateral modes in the 0-80 kHz frequency range. Experiments and supporting calculations show that anchor asymmetry enables resonant mode impedance-coupling. The sensitive torsional and lateral modes enabled measurement of self-assembled monolayer formation rate at picomolar levels. The anchor design principle was extended to microcantilevers via finite element simulations, which caused both 97% sensitivity improvement relative to conventional designs, as well as new nonclassical resonant mode shapes.
Quality of Drinking Water and Incidence of Water-Borne Diseases in Rural Areas of Zibo City

[Objective] To survey the sanitary condition of drinking water and the occurrence and distribution of waterborne diseases in rural areas of Zibo City, in order to evaluate the safety of drinking water. [Methods] We set up 768 monitoring spots covering the rural areas of Zibo City to collect finished water and tap water samples at a predetermined time interval from 2008 through 2012 and evaluate the quality of water according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749-2006). Based on the databases of the National Endemic Fluorosis Project and the China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention, the distribution of endemic fluorosis, positive rate of dental fluorosis, incidence rate of water-borne diseases were estimated. [Results] The overall qualified rate of drinking water in rural areas was 52.08% for 2008-2011. Low endemic fluorosis was identified in the areas. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children at 8-12 years of age was 15.08% for 2012 and the dental fluorosis index was 0.21. The incidence of five selected common water-borne diseases in 2012 was 27.8/105, fell by 50.1% compared to that in 2006 of 55.7/105. [Conclusion] The qualified rate of drinking water in the rural areas of Zibo is low in general, but shows improvement year by year.
Model-Based Collaborative Filtering

The neighborhood-based methods of the previous chapter can be viewed as generalizations of k-nearest neighbor classifiers, which are commonly used in machine learning.