cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a combined radiation and full thickness burn injury minipig model to study the effects of uncultured adipose-derived regenerative cell therapy in wound healing

AbstractPurpose: To develop an approach that models the cutaneous healing that occurs in a patient with full thickness thermal burn injury complicated by total body radiation exposure sufficient to induce sub-lethal prodromal symptoms. An assessment of the effects of an autologous cell therapy on wound healing on thermal burn injury with concomitant radiation exposure was used to validate the utility of the model.Methods: Gottingen minipigs were subjected to a 1.2 Gy total body irradiation by exposure to a 6 MV X-ray linear accelerator followed by ∼10 cm2 full thickness burns (pre-heated brass block with calibrated spring). Three days after injury, wounds were excised to the underlying fascia and each animal was randomized to receive treatment with autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRC) delivered by local or intravenous injection, or vehicle control. Blood counts were used to assess radiation-induced marrow suppression. All animals were followed using digital imaging to assess wound healing....
A dynamic model for a thermostat

A new mathematical model for the dynamic behavior of a thermostat situated in the cooling system of an engine is presented. The model is in the form of a system of delay-differential equations with hysteresis. An algorithm for numerical solutions of the model is described and some representative simulations are presented. The model predicts steady oscillatory solutions for certain ranges of the system parameters which are depicted for some parameter values. Also, it predicts initial overshooting of the engine coolant temperature. A Design of Experiments approach is used to characterize the regions in the model parameter space where oscillations occur and the results for those parameters which most influence the oscillations of solutions are presented.
Meine Freiheit, Die Es So Noch Nicht Gibt

Alexander Weheliye’s book Habeas Viscus has garnered a great deal of attention in various critically oriented fields in the humanities, and justifiably so. It offers a refreshing take on multiple debates that have begun to stall – or appear stale – in critical theory, continental philosophy and postcolonial studies: the question of the human and humanism, the place of race and colonialism in contemporary critical theory, and the ontological status of the cry and other para- and a-rational modes of expression and their liberatory function in black diasporic aesthetics. Weheliye’s notion of race as “racializing assemblages” provides a conceptual vocabulary that is able to problematize racism as well as gesture at its nimble and lethal mutability across space and time. This essay seeks to locate Weheliye within a broader intellectual context, including, in particular, that of a still-nascent German postcolonial studies.
Fifty years of hemodialysis access literature: The fifty most cited publications in the medical literature:

Objectives The modern era of hemodialysis access surgery began with the publication in 1966 by Brescia et al. describing the use of a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. Since then, the number of patients on chronic hemodialysis and the number of publications dealing with hemodialysis access have steadily increased. We have chronicled the increase in publications in the medical literature dealing with hemodialysis access by evaluating the characteristics of the 50 most cited articles. Methods We queried the Science Citation Index from the years 1960-2014. Articles were selected based on a subject search and were ranked according to the number of times they were cited in the medical literature. Results The 50 most frequently cited articles were selected for further analysis and the number of annual publications was tracked. The landmark publication by Dr Brescia et al. was unequivocally the most cited article dealing with hemodialysis access (1109 citations). The subject matter of the papers included AV fistula and graft (9), hemodialysis catheter (9), complications and outcomes (24), and other topics (8). Most articles were published in nephrology journals (33), with fewer in surgery (7), medicine (7), and radiology (3) journals. Of the 17 journals represented, Kidney International was the clear leader, publishing 18 articles. There has been an exponential rise in the frequency of publications regarding dialysis access with 42 of 50 analyzed papers being authored after 1990. Conclusion As the number of patients on hemodialysis has increased dramatically over the past five decades, there has been a commensurate increase in the overall number of publications related to hemodialysis access.
Benchmark Evaluation of Uranium Metal Annuli and Cylinders with Beryllium Reflectors

An extensive series of delayed critical experiments were performed at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility using enriched uranium metal during the 1960s and 1970s in support of criticality safety operations at the Y-12 Plant. These experiments were designed to evaluate the storage, casting, and handling limits of the Y-12 Plant and to provide data for the verification of cross sections and calculation methods utilized in nuclear criticality safety applications. Many of these experiments have already been evaluated and included in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook: unreflected (HEU-MET-FAST-051), graphite-reflected (HEU-MET-FAST-071), and polyethylene-reflected (HEU-MET-FAST-076). Three of the experiments consisted of highly-enriched uranium (HEU, ~93.2% 235U) metal parts reflected by beryllium metal discs. The first evaluated experiment was constructed from a stack of 7-in.-diameter, 4-1/8-in.-high stack of HEU discs top-reflected by a 7-in.-diameter, 5-9/16-in.-high stack of beryllium discs. The other two experiments were formed from stacks of concentric HEU metal annular rings surrounding a 7-in.diameter beryllium core. The nominal outer diameters were 13 and 15 in. with a nominal stack height of 5 and 4 in., respectively. These experiments have been evaluated for inclusion in the ICSBEP Handbook.
Engineering Cognition: A Process of Knowledge Acquisition and Application

As an integrative and broad field, engineering incorporates many aspects of science, technology, and mathematics fields as well as social sciences. Engineers are often required to develop solutions to design problems in novel situations, with incomplete information and competing criteria. Design, one of the facets of engineering, is a process of managing this ambiguity and complexity through recurring knowledge production. In this chapter, we describe engineering cognition as the interaction and iteration between acquiring knowledge and applying knowledge. It is a novel problem, a novel context, a novel set of users, or combination of these that necessitates knowledge production at the heart of engineering. A challenge in the translation of this model of engineering cognition into teaching is the separation of acquiring knowledge and applying knowledge as two discrete activities rather than a united effort. In this chapter, we present a cohesive model of engineering cognition and discuss how this model can guide teaching, assessment, and curriculum design. Our arguments are built on prior research on teaching and learning engineering in both undergraduate and precollege education. The chapter concludes with recommendations for educators and researchers specifically focusing on the interaction between knowledge acquisition and knowledge application in the context of engineering design problems.
Filtering higher-order laser modes using leaky plasma channels

Plasma structures based on leaky channels are proposed to filter higher-order laser mode content. The evolution and propagation of non-Gaussian laser pulses in leaky channels are studied, and it is shown that, for appropriate laser-plasma parameters, the higher-order laser mode content of the pulse may be removed while the fundamental mode remains well-guided. The behavior of multi-mode laser pulses is described analytically and numerically using envelope equations, including the derivation of the leakage coefficients, and compared to particle-in-cell simulations. Laser pulse propagation, with reduced higher-order mode content, improves guiding in parabolic plasma channels, enabling extended interaction lengths for laser-plasma accelerator applications.
Official Intentions and Political Legitimacy: The Case of the Travel Ban

The case of President Trump’s travel ban raises the question of whether the intentions of public officials matter in determining the legitimacy of their actions. In recent years, some have argued that intentions are not directly relevant to the moral permissibility of actions. This permissibility objection can be applied to theories of political legitimacy that make intentions relevant in specifying moral conditions for the exercise of political power. After surveying various ways in which intentions might figure into theories of legitimacy, I present the permissibility objection and then argue that it cannot be sustained in reflective equilibrium. Using examples of discretionary discrimination, including the travel ban, I argue that intentions can be relevant to determining the legitimacy of official conduct. I then defend a doctrine of moral taint, which holds that skepticism about the actions of public officials is appropriate when they have previously taken similar actions on the basis of wrongful intentions.
The Classical Concept of Time

Probably not too many physicists and philosophers of science would disagree with Wolfgang Rindler’s judgement that with the development of SR Einstein took the step that would “destroy the classical concept of time.”1 But what is or was the classical concept of time, and how did Einstein’s critique render it untenable? In order to answer those questions, we need to recur to the fountainhead of the classical concept of time: Isaac Newton and his Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica.
Re-Stenciling Lesbian Fetishism in Pynchon's V

V. is an important text for anyone interested in recent attempts to theorize female fetishism. "V. in Love," the last overtly "Stencilized" of the novel's historical chapters, tells the story of the abortive love affair between a fifteen-year-old dancer, Melanie I'Heuremaudit, and a mysterious patroness identified only as the lady V. Viewed from the perspectives of the members of Melanie's theater circle, this relationship is the object of numerous pseudo-Freudian speculations connecting fetishism, narcissism and lesbian desire. Eventually these speculations are mirrored both in the musings of the story's ambiguous teller, Herbert Stencil, and in the commentary of the unnamed narrator who appears to supersede Stencil's narratorial role in the final third of "V. in Love." By the end of the chapter, which depicts Melanie's death by impalement the night of her premiere, the relationship between the young dancer and V. has been implicated in a grand conspiracy between lesbianism, fetishism and death.
Neurobehavioral and Neurodevelopmental Sequelae Associated with Pediatric HIV Infection

Neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral manifestations in infancy and childhood, resulting from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 (HIV-1) infection, continue to warrant special and distinct consideration in this handbook. As noted in our chapter in the previous edition of this volume (Llorente, LoPresti, & Satz, 1997), this merit partly stems from the unique impact of this disease process on the rapidly maturing Central Nervous System (CNS) of the child (Belman, 2002; Epstein et al., 1985, 1986; Falloon, Eddy, Wiener, & Pizzo, 1989; Lyman et al., 1990; Pizzo & Wilfert, 1994, 1998) in conjunction with the scientific purviewof developmental neuropsychology and neuroscience, the study of brain–behavior relationships (Lezak, Howison, & Loring, 2005). However, aside from these developmental and scientific reasons, duly attention also stems from several other factors including clinical, epidemiological, and humanistic factors requiring dedicated space in this volume and the expenditure of significant amounts of societal economic and intellectual resources. In this regard, HIV has reached pandemic proportions in selected areas around the globe, the virus has been unequivocally implicated in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and more specifically related to this volume, HIV infection has been shown to be associated with significant cognitive and behavioral effects during the developmental period (Boivin et al., 1995; Brouwers, Belman, E Brouwers, Moss, Wolters, & Schmitt 1994,; Chase et al., 2000; Drotar et al., 1997; Hittleman et al., 1991; Llorente et al., 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2006; Llorente, Turcich, & Lawrence, 2004; Mellins et al., 2003; Pizzo & Wilfert, 1994), findings which have become increasingly documented in the literature since the last edition. Finally, the impact of HIV-1 infection on the developing brain has been the focus of significant attention by the neuroscientific community and has become one of the main health-related concerns of our generation in the United States and abroad. Although not applicable to countries where treatments are readily available such as United States, it remains true today, as noted in 1997 (Llorente et al., 1997), mortality resulting from pediatric HIV infection and AIDS continues to experience a sharp and dramatic increase in selected parts of the world, despite decreases in other areas around the globe (WHO, 2005). This continued rise in the number of infected cases and deaths, whether the result of enhanced surveillance techniques, ANTOLINM. LLORENTE Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21209. CHRISTINE LOPRESTI, AND PAUL SATZ Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Institute andHospital, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
Quantification of turbulent mixing in colliding gravity currents

Collision between two identical counterflowing gravity currents was studied in the laboratory with the goal of understanding the fundamental turbulent mixing physics of flow collisions in nature, for example katabatic flows and thunderstorm outflows. The ensuing turbulent mixing is a subgrid process in mesoscale forecasting models, and needs to be parameterized using eddy diffusivity. Laboratory gravity currents were generated by simultaneously removing two identical locks, located at both ends of a long rectangular tank, which separated dense and lighter water columns with free surfaces of the same depth . The frontal velocity and the velocity and density fields of the gravity currents were monitored using time-resolved particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging. Ensemble averaging of identical experimental realizations was used to compute turbulence statistics, after removing inherent jitter via phase alignment of successive data realizations by iteratively maximizing the cross-correlation of each realization with the ensemble average. Four stages of flow evolution were identified: initial (independent) propagation of gravity currents, their approach while influencing one another, collision and resulting updraughts, and postcollision slumping of collided fluid. The collision stage, in turn, involved three phases, and produced the strongest turbulent mixing as quantified by the rate of change of density. Phase I spanned , where collision produced a rising density front (interface) with strong shear and intense turbulent kinetic energy production ( is a suitably defined time coordinate such that gravity currents make the initial contact at ). In Phase II ( ), the interface was flat and calm with negligible vertical velocity. Phase III ( ) was characterized by slumping which led to hydraulic bores propagating away from the collision area. The measurements included root mean square turbulent velocities and their decay rates, interfacial velocity, rate of change of fluid-parcel density, and eddy diffusivity. These measures depended on the Reynolds number , but appeared to achieve Reynolds number similarity for . The eddy diffusivity , space–time averaged over the spatial extent ( ) and the lifetime ( ) of collision, was for , with the area of active mixing being .
Textbooks on ‘Hinduism’: defining an ocean described from myriad shores

Relying on a textbook in a course that introduces a religious tradition is similar to the scholarly use of the term ‘Hinduism’: both are highly contested, not easily avoided, and yet have their adv...
Africana womanism as an extension of feminism in political ecology (of health) research

Abstract A feminist perspective within political ecology and political ecology of health considers gender dynamics in the use of environmental resources, labor division, and health inequalities. However, a feminist perspective may not adequately engender the perspectives of Africana women as many embrace their roles of the nurturer, protector and provider of their families. Africana womanism, an African theoretical perspective that is family-centered and focuses on women’s concerns only after the community’s needs are met, provides a different lens by which to conduct research in sub-Saharan Africa. However, in today’s (post-colonial) reality, Africana womanism cannot remain isolated. This forum paper focuses on the importance of including Africana womanist perspectives in political ecology and political ecology of health research by integrating African feminism and Black feminism, which are grounded in the multiple oppressions that Africana women historically and currently face. These multiple perspectives from Africana women will enable a better understanding of gender dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa and will enable Africana womanism to be used as an extension of feminism to account for a uniquely Africana perspective in future political ecology and political ecology of health research.
Personality facets and ethics positions as directives for self-driving vehicles

Abstract This article provides an exploration into how people of today would prefer the innovative self-driving vehicles (SDVs) of tomorrow to reconcile life and death decisions in accidents involving passengers and pedestrians. While SDVs are expected to occupy public roads and highways within several years, many stakeholders—drivers, passengers, pedestrians, cyclists, regulators, automakers, and insurers among them—have not achieved a full understanding of how SDVs should function in everyday traffic situations. Using logistic regression (n = 461), the author looks at how individuals' personality facets (HEXACO: honesty-humility; conscientiousness) and ethics positions (idealism; relativism) might relate to their directives for what SDVs should do/decide in the context of four established trolley problem vignettes. In all vignettes, any action/decision will result in zero-sum outcomes of survival and fatality for the parties involved (e.g., passenger, pedestrians). In essence, the results offer insights into how these underexplored human elements might help inform society's rules of the road and SDVs' moral algorithms in the future.
Scope of the Intramolecular Titanocene-Catalyzed Pauson−Khand Type Reaction1

A Pauson−Khand type conversion of enynes to bicyclic cyclopentenones employing the commercially available precatalyst titanocene dicarbonyl is described. This methodology shows excellent functional group tolerance for a group 4 metallocene-catalyzed process. The scope and limitations of this cyclization with respect to 1,6-, 1,7- and 1,8-enynes with a variety of terminal alkyne substituents, chiral enynes, and enynes containing substituted olefins are described in detail. A mechanism involving carbonylation of an intermediate titanacyclopentene has been proposed.
Effects of milk replacer feeding levels on performance and metabolism of preweaned dairy calves during summer.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of milk replacer (MR) feeding programs on performance and metabolism during summer. At 3 d of age (DOA), calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: control [CON; 0.55 kg dry matter (DM) of a 20% crude protein (CP) and 20% fat MR per day], intermediate (IL; 0.66 kg DM of a 26% CP and 17% fat MR per day), high (HL; 0.77 kg DM of a 26% CP and 17% fat MR per day), or aggressive (AL; 0.87 kg DM of a 26% CP and 17% fat MR per day). Calves were managed similarly and housed in individual polyethylene hutches using sand as a bedding material. Because 3 calves fed the AL diet developed abomasum bloating during the first 30 DOA, the AL treatment was terminated. Milk replacer (12.5% solids) was offered twice daily until 42 DOA, when MR was fed once daily to reduce its intake by 50%. Calves were weaned at 49 DOA and remained in hutches until 56 DOA. Calf starter and water were offered ad libitum. Ambient temperature and relative humidity in and outside the hutches were assessed hourly. Starter and MR intakes were recorded daily. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were determined 3 times each week. Body weight was measured at 3, 14, 28, 42, and 56 DOA. Plasma was collected at 5, 10, 14, 28, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, and 56 DOA for analysis of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, urea nitrogen, and insulin concentrations. There were no treatment effects on starter intake, rectal temperature, or respiration rate. By 7 DOA, calves fed the IL and HL diets consumed the same amount of MR and a higher amount of MR than the CON calves. At wk 2, calves from all treatments had similar MR consumption before returning to the projected intake by design at wk 4. Calves fed the IL and HL treatments had similar body weight but were heavier than those fed the CON diet at wk 6, 7, and 8. Calves fed the IL and HL diets had similar average daily gain, which was higher than that of calves fed the CON diet. There was no difference in plasma metabolites among treatments, but insulin concentration increased as milk allowance increased. In summary, feeding an intermediate level of MR during summer improved calf growth compared with the CON diet, but a higher MR allowance did not support further improvements in calf performance.
Thermodynamic Studies of Bromide Incorporation into Cesium Lead Iodide (CsPbI3)

Cesium lead iodide bromide (CsPbI2Br) has attracted significant research attention as one of emerging inorganic halide perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications. However, thermodynamic pro...
Intersections of hospitality and race in integration discourse

This paper adopts a hospitality framework to analyze discourses of integration in the city of Antwerp. Anti-immigration and cultural racism have found a shared home in populist and nationalist move...
Head and Neck Cancer Screening Events Are a Mixed Bag, in Response to: "Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening".

We read with great interest, “Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening.” Having recently hosted a community head and neck cancer screening eve...
The discipline of dysmorphology and the beauty of art

A physician learns to appreciate art by first learning the human form through dysmorphology, and via the art collection of physician Dr. Albert C. Barnes and the Barnes Museum (Philadelphia, PA).
Laboratory evaluation of PAHs removal by multi-functional green pervious concrete (MGPC) pavement

Abstract Stormwater runoff-induced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminants increasingly endanger the groundwater reserve and ecosystems due to the extensive coverage of impervious pavements in urban surroundings. The multi-functional green pervious concrete (MGPC) pavement, a type of organoclay modified pervious concrete pavement, is proved to be an innovative and effective stormwater management method as well as an environmental technology for controlling the runoff both in quantity and quality. To further study the field applicability of the MGPC pavement, extensive experiments should be conducted by considering multiple variables that represent different scenarios, such as rainfall intensity, traffic flow, and traffic loads, stability, and reusability. This study conducts a laboratory-scale investigation of MGPC pavement performance on PAHs removal by varying a series of PAH initial concentrations, flow rate, and contamination cycles. The results indicated that lower initial PAHs concentration and slower flow rate promoted the PAHs removal efficiency, and the MGPC pavement still kept considerable PAHs adsorption capacity after 50 contamination cycles. The results provide important references in evaluating and designing the MGPC pavement as a stormwater management method with attenuating the runoff-induced PAHs contamination.
Social work in sport: Playmakers in the athletic arena:

SummaryAn emerging area of social work practice is within sport and athletics. Due to the complex nature of sport and the diverse needs of sport participants, social workers are optimally positione...
Evaluating the association between latent classes and competing risks outcomes with multi-phenotype data

Latent class analysis is an intuitive tool to characterize disease phenotype heterogeneity. With data more frequently collected on multiple phenotypes in chronic disease studies, it is of rising interest to investigate how the latent classes embedded in one phenotype are related to another phenotype. Motivated by a cohort with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Uniform Data Set (UDS), we propose and study a time-dependent structural model to evaluate the association between latent classes and competing risk outcomes that are subject to missing failure types. We develop a two-step estimation procedure which circumvents latent class membership assignment and is rigorously justified in terms of accounting for the uncertainty in classifying latent classes. The new method also properly addresses the realistic complications for competing risks outcomes, including random censoring and missing failure types. The asymptotic properties of the resulting estimator are established. Given that the standard bootstrapping inference is not feasible in the current problem setting, we develop analytical inference procedures, which are easy to implement. Our simulation studies demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over benchmark approaches. We present an application to the MCI data from UDS, which uncovers a detailed picture of the neuropathological relevance of the baseline MCI subgroups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The transgender-specific intimate partner violence scale for research and practice: Validation in a sample of transgender women.

Study/research objective To develop and validate a brief intimate partner violence (IPV) scale that screens for controlling behaviors and psychological abuse tactics directed toward transgender individuals. Rationale Transgender individuals are at elevated risk of physical and sexual IPV compared to cisgender individuals. IPV often takes on unique dimensions against transgender individuals, such as when an abusive partner threatens to "out" the transgender person, or use other tactics that weaponize transphobia within the relationship. Standard IPV screeners do not assess this type of transgender-specific IPV (T-IPV). Methods Between March 2018 and October 2019, a T-IPV scale was tested in two samples (in-person and online) of transfeminine adults (i.e. assigned a male sex at birth and identify with femininity) from the eastern and southern U.S. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the in-person sample (N = 661) to assess construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then used in an independent online sample (N = 481). Using the combined sample (N = 1137), convergent validity was assessed using correlations with other forms of victimization. Multivariable regression models were fit to estimate the relationship between T-IPV and health outcomes. Results Factor analyses yielded an 8-item unidimensional scale with moderate to good fit. Nearly half the sample (48.7%) experienced at least one scale item. Internal consistency reliability was strong (KR-20 = 0.827). Significant correlations with other forms of victimization indicated convergent validity. Lifetime T-IPV was significantly associated with psychological distress (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.53), PTSD (aPR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.31, 1.72), alcohol abuse (aPR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.44), and drug use disorder (aPR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.06, 2.59). Conclusions This T-IPV scale is a reliable and unidimensional measure with strong construct validity. T-IPV is independently associated with mental health burden and substance use. Service providers working with transgender clients should screen for T-IPV to avoid missing cases of IPV, and refer to violence response services.
New insights and therapeutic opportunities for progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia.

Abstract Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common form of dementia. It affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain and has a highly heterogeneous clinical representation with patients presenting with a wide range of behavioral, language, and executive dysfunctions. Etiology of FTD is complex and consists of both familial and sporadic cases. Heterozygous mutations in the GRN gene, resulting in GRN haploinsufficiency, cause progranulin (PGRN)-deficient FTD characterized with cytoplasmic mislocalization of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) aggregates. GRN codes for PGRN, a secreted protein that is also localized in the endolysosomes and plays a critical role in regulating lysosomal homeostasis. How PGRN deficiency modulates immunity and causes TDP-43 pathology and FTD-related neurodegeneration remains an active area of intense investigation. In the current review, we discuss some of the significant progress made in the past two years that links PGRN deficiency with microglial-associated neuroinflammation, TDP-43 pathology, and lysosomal dysfunction. We also review the opportunities and challenges toward developing therapies and biomarkers to treat PGRN-deficient FTD.
Managing nutrients and system operations for biofuel production from freshwater macroalgae

Abstract Filamentous freshwater macroalgae have significant potential as a renewable source of bioenergy. However, the ultimate success of freshwater macroalgae as a biofuel feedstock will depend upon our ability to produce biomass at commercial-scale in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. Aquatic ecology can play an important role to achieve the scale-up of algal crop production by informing the rates of nutrients supplied to the cultivation systems, and by helping to create adaptive production systems that are resilient to environmental change. A review and analysis of data from the published literature reveals that the large-scale cultivation of freshwater macroalgae is feasible using currently available technologies such as the Algal Turf Scrubber® system (ATS™). In addition, graphical analyses of published data obtained from ATS systems of varying sizes in operation worldwide reveal that both macroalgal biomass productivity and nutrient removal rates are hyperbolically related to the areal loading rates of both total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The effectiveness and need for CO2 supplementation of macroalgal production systems like the ATS has not yet been conclusively demonstrated, however.
Ergonomics and comfort in lawn mower handle positioning: An evaluation of handle geometry.

Hand operation accompanied with any combination of large forces, awkward positions and repetition may lead to upper limb injury or illness and may be exacerbated by vibration. Commercial lawn mowers expose operators to these factors during actuation of hand controls and therefore may be a health concern. A nontraditional lawn mower control system may decrease upper limb illnesses and injuries through more neutral hand and body positioning. This study compared maximum grip strength in twelve different orientations (3 grip spans and 4 positions) and evaluated self-described comfortable handle positions. The results displayed force differences between nontraditional (X) and both vertical (V) and pistol (P) positions (p < 0.0001) and among the different grip spans (p < 0.0001). Based on these results, recommended designs should incorporate a tilt between 45 and 70°, handle rotations between 48 and 78°, and reduced force requirements or decreased grip spans to improve user health and comfort.
Elevated uric acid and obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors among hypertensive youth

Uric acid (UA) is associated with high blood pressure in adolescents and with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. We sought to determine if UA is independently associated with CVD risk factors and left ventricular mass (LVM) over time in hypertensive youth. This was a 1-year prospective observational study of hypertensive children aged 3–19 years. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum UA with CVD risk factors and LVM were explored. Of the 49 children who completed both the baseline and 12-month assessments, at baseline the mean age was 13.8 years and mean UA was 5.5 mg/dL; 24 % had elevated UA, 51 % were overweight/obese and 39 % had LVH. Measures of adiposity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LVM and LVH were all significantly associated with elevated UA at baseline, but not with change over time. Each 1 mg/dL increase in baseline UA was associated with a 2.5 g/m2.7 increase in the LVM index at follow-up (95 % confidence interval 0.64, 4.39; p = 0.01); after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index z-score, change in UA, time, blood pressure and medication use, this association was no longer significant. Hypertensive children with elevated UA have a higher prevalence of obesity-related CVD risk factors. Among hypertensive children, UA may be a marker of adiposity and not an independent CVD risk factor.
Natural analogs of geologic CO2 sequestration: Some general implications for engineered sequestration

Carbon dioxide emissions from geologic systems occur primarily from geothermal release of carbon in rock or subsurface biologic reservoirs. These systems can be very useful natural analogs for evaluating the impact of carbon dioxide leaks from engineered geologic storage reservoirs used to sequester CO 2 . We describe three natural analog sites that illustrate very different leak scenarios that could occur at such engineered repositories. The Mammoth Mountain site, located in California, provides an example of diffuse C0 2 seepage. Crystal Geyser, Utah, is an example of a highly focused, episodic leakage geyser. Bravo Dome, NM, is an example of a CO 2 reservoir where no leakage has been observed. We discuss monitoring techniques, technology placement, and modeling approaches that can be used at these natural analog sites to gain further insight into the viability of geologic CO 2 sequestration.
Moving FDIC Insurance to an Asset-Based System: Evidence from the Special Assessment of 2009

In the second quarter of 2009, the FDIC imposed a special assessment on insured banks to replenish the deposit insurance fund. While the traditional assessment base for regular deposit insurance premiums was all insured deposits, the special assessment was applied to a bank’s total assets minus Tier 1 capital (total liabilities), with the maximum ‘capped’ at 10 basis points of insured deposits. We find that the cap yielded the greatest savings for banks with assets above $10 billion and that the FDIC would have raised a substantially greater amount of funds using holding company adjusted assets or could have applied a lower assessment rate to collect the same amount of proceeds.
Abstract 3592: Macrophages confer resistance to cisplatin in MTLn3 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells

Drug resistance presents a clinical challenge to the treatment of breast cancer. Stromal cells such as macrophages may play a role in drug resistance. The purpose of this study is to examine the interaction between breast cancer cells and macrophages and its effects on drug therapy resistance. The five-year survival for localized hormone sensitive disease is 98% and as low as 15% for triple negative (ER/PR/Her2) and metastatic disease. Most targeted anticancer therapies, as well as cytotoxic therapies, are burdened by the development of cancer cell resistance. It is hypothesized that the tumor microenvironment may confer innate resistance to drug therapy. It is well established that chemotactic factors found in the tumor microenvironment can promote motility and invasion. We hypothesize that tumor associated macrophages can confer drug resistance to breast cancer cells via overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF is overexpressed in many tumor types and is clinically correlated with a poor overall prognosis. Previous studies have shown that EGF is produced by non-tumor cells in the microenvironment; in particular tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and endothelial cells. We have previously shown that macrophages and tumor cells, via a paracrine loop, are necessary and sufficient for comigration and invasion. Breast cancer cells produce colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) which positively feeds back to increase macrophage expression of EGF. Increased EGF expression in turn leads to tumor growth and invasion. We selected two triple negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB 231 (human mammary adenocarcinoma) and MTLn3 (rat mammary adenocarcinoma) that were transfected to express GFP. Co-culture cell survival assays were performed with macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. All tissue culture was completed in DMEM (HyClone) plus 10% FBS. Cells were grown for 24 hours in co-culture, treated with chemotherapy (doxorubicin or cisplatin at a range of concentrations) for 24 hours, and then analyzed at 72 hours using the DXP-10 Calibur analyzer. Prior to analysis, cells were again replated to measure “replating efficiency” i.e. chemoresistant cell survival. We found that coculture with macrophages increased tumor cell survival upon exposure to cisplatin. We conclude that macrophages are an important component of the tumor microenvironment that may play a role in chemotherapy resistance. Citation Format: Joshua K. Sabari, Ramon Cabrera, Jeffrey Segall. Macrophages confer resistance to cisplatin in MTLn3 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3592. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3592
PRODUCTIVE DISCOMFORT IN THE CLASSROOM

For the past few years, I've taught Kimberly Peirce's Boys Don't Cry to students at the University of Texas at Austin. They have had a range of reactions to the film including both acknowledgements that it has radically altered their views on gender and sexuality and overt hostility that they were made to watch it because it disturbed them so intensely. In this paper I examine students' writing and our class discussions in an attempt to determine how the film produced both the outrage some expressed at being ‘forced’ to see the film and the transformation others articulate after viewing it. This particular audience's reception of Boys Don't Cry is interesting to me in terms of what it reveals about how powerfully affect can function through romance and tragedy, and subsequently in terms of the questions it raises about how we can teach films that work primarily on an affective level.
Tumor characteristics and clinical outcome of tubular and mucinous breast carcinomas.

PURPOSE: To comprehensively characterize the clinical and biologic features of tubular and mucinous carcinomas in a large cohort of patients and to relate this to clinical outcome and management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical and biologic features of 444 patients with tubular and 1,221 patients with mucinous carcinomas were compared with those of 43,587 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with tubular and mucinous carcinomas were compared with those of patients with NOS carcinomas and with age-matched sets from the general population. RESULTS: Tubular and mucinous carcinomas were more likely to occur in older patients, be smaller in size (tubular only), have substantially less nodal involvement, be estrogen receptor– and progesterone receptor–positive, have a lower S-phase fraction, be diploid, and be c-erbB-2– and epidermal growth factor receptor–negative compared with NOS carcinomas. Axillary ...
Genome-wide Screen for Allelic Imbalance in a Mouse Model for Neuroblastoma

We have used the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promotor to overexpress MYCN in the neural crest of transgenic mice, resulting in a mouse model for neuroblastoma. Using PCR analysis of microsatellite markers, we conducted a genome-wide analysis in tumors from these animals. Regions of chromosomes 1, 3, 10, 11, 14, and 18 were affected in 20-50% of tumors. Analysis of a subset of these tumors by comparative genomic hybridization was consistent with the microsatellite data. The changes on mouse chromosomes 1, 11, 14, and 18 were syntenic with corresponding regions of loss of heterozygosity in human neuroblastoma, suggesting that genes implicated in the mouse tumors may also play a role in the pathogenesis of the human disease. One-third of the mouse tumors shared abnormalities on chromosomes 1, 3, and 10, whereas the remainder of tumors did not show this combination. These data suggest that genetic mutations on chromosomes 1, 3, and 10 cooperate in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and that neuroblastoma in the mouse arises from at least two distinct genetic pathways, one of which is dependent on lesions in chromosomes 1, 3, and 10, the other of which is not.
The Investment Budget with Consideration of Inflation Factor

Under the stress of inflation, company's capital investment budget is affected by the increase of price. On purpose of making scientific investment decisions, the company must take into account the impact of inflation. This paper attempts to show the impact of inflation on company's investment decision making. With the aim to provide direct and scientific data to illustrate the influence of inflation, we use two methods to calculate investment budget Net Present Value. The calculation results show that the budget which considers inflation is more accurate. Additionally, we use the western solution to the problem of inflation in capital budget to exemplify how Chinese enterprises budget for the capital investment under inflation. This paper also provides detailed calculation steps, based on a specific case of company, and offers a reference for the Chinese companies' investment budget. This paper concludes that the enterprise budget should consider the impact of price changes, and the inflation rate should be taken into account when price increases.
Rehearsing Acquired Privileges: The Nonnative Informant and Didactics of Difference.

This article surmises the position and ambition of a nonnative speaker/teacher of a European language and literature as an ostensible facilitator of cultural difference in the U.S. foreign-language classroom. The paper opens a space to think through pedagogical conceptuality and the practice of assisting and guiding students in their perceptions of cultural difference in the specific situation when the instructor carries visible inscriptions of his/her “Otherness.” Through an investigation of the adjectives “native” and “non-native,” the article critically reconsiders privileges of birth, affiliations through residence, education, and ethnicity. This article sutures two different streams of scholarship. First, by engaging with scholarship on German as a foreign language in the U.S., the article construes the “position” of the nonnative speaker vis-a-vis the native speaker/instructor. Next, through a discussion with cultural theorists, the article puts to test the “ambition” of the nonnative-minority as an...
Self presentation and cardiovascular reactivity.

This research was concerned with two issues: first, whether cardiovascular response patterns to a social stressor (i.e. self-presentation under evaluative circumstances) differ as a function of one's ability to control the impression one makes on others; second, whether cognitive appraisals are necessary or sufficient for the cardiovascular components of emotional arousal. Forty-two male subjects (Ss), monitored for cardiac impedance and blood pressure, were shown a previously recorded videotape of themselves in which each S verbally described personal aspects about himself. Ss in an Active condition were allowed to mark segments of the tape they wanted to re-shoot before the tape was evaluated by reviewers. Ss in a Passive condition viewed their tape but could not indicate whether to revise it. Control conditions allowed assessment of the activity entailed in tape marking and of evaluation per se. Self-reports of stress, threat, and coping ability regarding the upcoming task were taken. Blood pressure elevations occurred equally in both experimental conditions, but apparently through different underlying mechanisms. The Active condition produced myocardial responses (increased ejection fraction), while the Passive condition produced a vascular response (increased total peripheral resistance). However, while cardiovascular reactivity patterns did differ as a function of the opportunity to control the impression one could make on evaluative others, they did not differ as a function of having appraised the task as a challenge or as a threat. Consideration also is given to the conditions necessary for cognitive appraisal to occur and to influence reactivity.
A Generalized Constraint Model for Two-Dimensional Beam Flexures: Nonlinear Strain Energy Formulation

The beam constraint model (BCM), presented previously, captures pertinent nonlinearities to predict the constraint characteristics of a generalized beam flexure in terms of its stiffness and error motions. In this paper, a nonlinear strain energy formulation for the beam flexure, consistent with the transverse-direction load-displacement and axial-direction geometric constraint relations in the BCM, is presented. An explicit strain energy expression, in terms of beam end displacements, that accommodates generalized loading conditions, boundary conditions, initial curvature, and beam shape, is derived. Using energy-based arguments, new insight into the BCM is elucidated by fundamental relations among its stiffness, constraint, and energy coefficients. The presence of axial load in the geometric constraint and strain energy expressions—a unique attribute of distributed compliance flexures that leads to the elastokinematic effect—is highlighted. Using the principle of virtual work, this strain energy expression for a generalized beam is employed in determining the load-displacement relations, and therefore constraint characteristics, of a flexure mechanism comprising multiple beams. The benefit of this approach is evident in its mathematical efficiency and succinctness, which is to be expected with the use of energy methods. All analytical results are validated to a high degree of accuracy via nonlinear finite element analysis.