cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of IEEE 802.15.4e MAC features

Time slotted channel hopping (TSCH) and coordinated sampled listening (CSL) are two of the main features of IEEE 802.15.4e designed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we compare the power and latency performance of TSCH and CSL for various scenarios. Our results show that while TSCH outperforms CSL in terms of power, its latency is higher.
EEG and ERP responses to naloxone and ethanol in monkeys

1. EEG and auditory event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in monkeys following administration of water, naloxone (1, 10 mg/kg), or ethanol (0.75, 1.5 g/kg) plus naloxone (1 mg/kg). 2. Significant increases in EEG slow waves in the 2-8 Hz frequencies were seen following the 10 mg dose of naloxone. No significant EEG effects were observed at the 1 mg dose. 3. Naloxone was found to decrease the amplitude of the N1 component at the low doses and increase the N1 amplitude at the higher doses, whereas both doses reduced the latency of the P2 and P3 components of monkey auditory ERPs. 4. Low doses of ethanol (0.75 g/kg) and Naloxone (1 mg/kg) were found to produce a decrease in amplitude of the P3 response when compared to administration of naloxone alone. Whereas higher ethanol doses reversed some of the actions of naloxone on the latency of the P2 and P3 component of the ERP. 5. These studies suggest that opioid systems may participate in some aspects of attention or stimulus evaluation in the squirrel monkey.
Organosulfonates aid argentophilic forces in the crystal engineering of [2+2] photodimerisations: reactivity involving 3-pyridyl groups

Photoreactive Ag(I) organosulfonate complexes involving (E)-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-enoate (3-PAMe) are reported. Argentophilic interactions stack 3-PAMe to undergo a head-to-head intermolecular [2+2] photodimerisation to generate (rctt)-dimethyl-3,4-bis(pyridine-3-yl)cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate (3,3′-MeBPCD) in the solid state regioselectively and in quantitative yield. The organosulfonate participates in C–H…O interactions with the coordinated 3-pyridyl groups to effectively aid in crystal engineering of the reactivity.
Role of RNA transcripts in replication incompatibility and copy number control in antibiotic resistance plasmid derivatives

Role of RNA transcripts in replication incompatibility and copy number control in antibiotic resistance plasmid derivatives
The effect of humidity on the trace mixing kinetics in fine powders

Abstract Humidity markedly affects the kinetics of mixing fine powders and has a strong interaction with the mixer speed. The effect observed appears to be related to the adsorption of water vapor on the powder. Contact electrostatic charging at low humidities and multilayer adsorption phenomena at high humidities seem to influence the mixing kinetics by changing the powder flow behavior of the mixer. The addition of hydrophobic agents, such as magnesium stearate or stearic acid, eliminate the effect of water vapor on mixing behavior.
Lymphocyte Gene Expression and JC Virus Noncoding Control Region Sequences Are Linked with the Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)-derived noncoding control region (NCCR) sequences permitted greater early viral gene expression than kidney-associated NCCR sequences. This was driven in part by binding of the transcription factor Spi-B to unique PML-associated Spi-B binding sites. Spi-B is upregulated in developing B cells in response to natalizumab therapy, a known risk factor for PML. Naturally occurring JCV sequence variation, together with drug treatment-induced cellular changes, may synergize to create an environment leading to an increased risk of PML.
Technical Council Generator Ground Fault Protection Using Overcurrent, Overvoltage, and Undervoltage Relays

This paper describes the protective relaying schemes employed by Georgia Power Company to protect synchronous generators from single-phase-to-ground faults. Three types of relays are connected in the secondary of a distribution grounding transformer. These include a conventional electro-mechanical overcurrent relay with time overcurrent unit and instantaneous overcurrent unit, a solid-state overvoltage relay (with timing module) tuned to reject frequencies near 180 hertz, and a solid-state undervoltage relay (with timer) tuned to reject frequencies near 60 hertz present at the generator neutral. The proper method of selecting the generator grounding components and protective relays is described, and detailed setting instructions for all relays are also included.
Differential neutron cross section for free interstitial production in copper

Free interstitials produced by monoenergetic neutrons were monitored by changes in Young's modulus of a vibrating foil specimen. These changes can be related to the number of pinners on dislocations which depends on the number of defects produced. The pinning rate is compared with displacement cross section calculations and agrees with the Norgett--Robinson--Torrens (NRT) model. Electron irradiations on the same sample yield estimates of the free interstitial production cross section to be approx. 1% of the NRT cross section.
Proposed model for the sintering of a dielectric in a microwave field

The processing of ceramics, glasses, and composites using microwave energy is an interesting new technology. The Los Alamos National Laboratory has done exploratory work in this area over the past several years and some of this work has been reported in the literature [1-9]. The purpose of this letter is to present a model for the heating of these materials in an electromagnetic field and to suggest some possible experiments that may be conducted to test the model. Of principal interest to the development of a heating model which relates the energy of an electromagnetic field to the intensive properties of a dielectric is an understanding of how the electromagnetic field behaves at an interface which separates two dielectric media. For the purpose of this discussion, a porous monolithic ceramic, with one phase being air, is considered. A treatment of this may be found in any introductory text on electromagnetic theory, for example, Hayt [10] provides an excellent discussion of this topic. Fig. 1 shows a boundary between two perfect dielectric media. For simplicity assume that one dielectric media is a monolithic ceramic and the other is air. It is important at this point to introduce the following definitions: V = the applied electric potential, d = the dielectric thickness, E = the vector electric field intensity, E = V/d, k' = dielectric constant, D = the vector electric flux density, and D = k'E. The development of a heating model is begun by using an expression developed in [10] which describes how the vector electric field intensity, El, in one dielectric media, k~, is dependent on a vector electric field intensity, E2, in a second dieletric media k~. For the purpose of this discussion, let k~ be greater than k~, then
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and natural immunity: lack of an effect on the complement system in a guinea pig model ☆

Abstract We examined the complement system as a potential target for toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in normal Hartley guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were injected intravenously with 0.5 μg/kg TCDD and bled at weekly intervals up to 1 month following injection. Serum samples were collected at each time point and assayed for total hemolytic complement activity (CH50), alternative pathway complement activity (AH50) and complement component C4 functional activity. Injection of TCDD led to a wasting syndrome, as observed by a lower body weight gain in TCDD-treated animals when compared to control animals. However, at this dose, TCDD failed to induce any significant change in complement activity as determined by all three methods used in this study. The results indicate that, at 0.5 μg/kg body weight, a dose slightly lower than the LD50 value in guinea pigs, TCDD fails to affect the complement system.
On the Same Wavelength: Face-to-Face Communication Increases Interpersonal Neural Synchronization

Understanding neural mechanisms of social interaction is important for understanding human social nature and for developing treatments for social deficits related to disorders such as autism. However, conventional cognitive and behavioral neuroscience has concentrated on developing novel experimental paradigms and investigating human–computer interactions, rather than studying interpersonal interaction per se. To fully understand neural mechanisms of human interpersonal interaction, we will likely have to investigate human behavior and neural processes in face-to-face social interaction rather than human–computer interaction. Recently, simultaneous EEG or functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used to record brain activity of two participants in a face-to-face setting (i.e., hyperscanning) to investigate human social interaction in a more naturalistic context (Jiang et al., 2012; Yun et al., 2012).
Testosterone Gel Combined with Depomedroxyprogesterone Acetate Is an Effective Male Hormonal Contraceptive Regimen and Is Not Enhanced by the Addition of a GnRH Antagonist

Introduction: Exogenous androgens plus progestins can be used to suppress spermatogenesis, resulting in effective male hormonal contraception; however, induction of azoospermia can require 3–6 months, and these methods require injectable or implantable androgens. We hypothesized that testosterone (T) transdermal gel (T gel) could be combined with a depot formulation of the progestin, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), with or without the potent GnRH antagonist, acyline, to suppress spermatogenesis conveniently, rapidly, and reversibly. Objectives: The objectives of the study were: 1) to determine the rate of severe oligospermia (≤1 million sperm/ml) using T gel+DMPA; and 2) to determine whether the addition of acyline to T gel+DMPA during the first 12 wk of the regimen would accelerate and improve suppression of spermatogenesis. Methods: Forty-four healthy men, ages 18–55 yr, were randomized to T gel (100 mg daily)+DMPA (300 mg/3 months) or acyline (300 μg/kg·2 wk × 12 wk)+T gel+DMPA. Thirty-eight me...
Perspectives of Preservice and In-Service Teachers on Their Preparation to Work with Parents in Elementary Classrooms

Abstract This study examines preservice and in-service teachers’ perspectives on their preparation in learning parental involvement strategies and explores their opinions on what kind of experiences regarding parental involvement they think teacher education programs should provide. The data from the study suggested that the preservice teachers held positive opinions on each of the five dimensions of parental involvement and parental involvement in general, and that parental involvement knowledge, skills, and practices are most effective when they occur over an extended period and are integrated into different activities rather than compacting parental involvement into one single course.
Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines Produce 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D, but Fail to Respond to Its Prodifferentiating Effect

The active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D], is produced by normal human keratinocytes (NKC) and regulates their differentiation. Squamous carcinoma cell (SCC) lines lack the ability to differentiate in vitro, which might involve defective 1,25(OH)2D synthesis or response. To address this possibility we obtained four SCC lines (12F2, 12B2, 25, and A431) and first determined whether they could produce 1,25(OH)2D from its substrate 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (250HD). All could (12F2 > NKC > 25 > 12B2 > A431). Furthermore, exogenously added 1,25(OH)2D inhibited 1,25(OH)2D production and stimulated 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D] production in all cell lines but with different potency (25 = A431 > NKC > 12B2 > 12F2). Cellular binding studies suggested that the high-affinity binding site for 1,25(OH)2D in NKC is not found in 12F2 and 12B2. When the effect of 1,25(OH)2D on differentiation was determined, only NKC responded with an increase in cornified envelope formation, although some of the cell lines responded to the proliferative [at low 1,25(OH)2D concentration] or antiproliferative [at high 1,25(OH)2D concentration] effect of 1,25(OH)2D. Thus, although SCC lines synthesize 1,25(OH)2D and respond to exogenous 1,25(OH)2D with respect to appropriate regulation of endogenous 250HD metabolism, these cell lines fail to respond to the differentiating influence of this vitamin D metabolite.
An advanced course design for mobile embedded software through Android programming

In this paper, we present the design of an advanced course on mobile embedded software, especially focused on Android programming for various embedded system applications. With the popularity of smartphone applications, there are numerous books and classes for smartphone programming. However, fast growing mobile technologies have led to a huge gap between advances in industry and university educational programs. Furthermore, trends in device convergence based on smartphones necessitate a broadened and diversified treatment of application domains such as automotive embedded systems and smart robots. Consequently, an advanced project course in mobile embedded software requires a complete redesign of its contents to meet these multiple goals. We describe our experience in redesigning an Android programming course to satisfy both the fundamental educational needs and industry trends. Based on the proposed design, we offered a successful course, "CS 190: Mobile Embedded SW with Android" at UC Irvine in Spring Quarter 2012, and describe our experience with the offering.
Gate-tunable superconducting weak link and quantum point contact spectroscopy on a strontium titanate surface

Strontium titanate is a common substrate for growing oxide heterostructures—from superconductors to interfaces that support several phases of matter. But in an all-strontium-titanate device with a liquid electrolyte and metal-oxide gate, the results are anything but common.
Southern bean mosaic virus RNA remains associated with swollen virions during translation in wheat germ cell-free extracts.

Abstract l -[ 35 S]Methionine-labeled translation complexes were prepared by incubating either swollen intact southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) particles or unencapsidated SBMV RNA in a wheat germ extract. The complexes were analysed by sucrose gradient centrifugation and by electron microscopy and dot blot hybridization of fractions from these gradients. In these complexes, 80 S ribosomes appeared to be associated with intact or near intact particles, suggesting that SBMV particles disassemble only after their RNA has initiated translation. This is in contrast to some other isometric viruses, such as turnip yellow mosaic virus, which appear to release their RNA rapidly prior to translation.
Communication Models, Professionalization, and the Work of Medical Interpreters

A growing number of health institutions are employing medical interpreters, bilingual individuals who facilitate communication between health care providers and patients. Organizations working to establish the professional status of medical interpreting have articulated codes of ethics that prescribe a number of different roles for interpreters in their clinical work. Interviews obtained from 17 medical interpreters support the observation that the code of ethics, based primarily on a conduit model of interpreter communication, does not provide consistent guidance in clinical practice. I discuss the role of communication theory in developing improved models for interpreter practice.
An 11-ns 8K*18 CMOS static RAM with 0.5- mu m devices

An experimental 11-ns 8 K*18 static RAM fabricated in a 1.2- mu m CMOS technology with 0.5- mu m channel lengths is described. Novel interface circuits allow full TTL-level compatibility with a scaled 3.6-V V/sub dd/. Synchronous clocking and automatic restore operations were implemented to realize high-speed access and a fast cycle data rate of 8 ns. Double-word-line architecture and a pulsed word-line technique reduce power dissipation. Other features include on-chip test circuitry that increases tester timing accuracy and word-line redundancy. The design uses a single-poly, double-metal technology with a CMOS six-transistor cell of 235 mu m/sup 2/ to yield a chip size of 60 mm/sup 2/. >
Total ischemic burden: Pathophysiology and prognosis

Myocardial ischemia is caused by decreased supply (primary ischemia), increased demand (secondary ischemia) or a combination of the two (mixed ischemia). The sum of all episodes--with or without pain--constitutes the total ischemic burden. During out-of-hospital activities, many episodes occur at lower than expected heart rates, suggesting that a vasoconstrictive component is involved in the genesis of such episodes. These silent attacks may be even more important clinically than painful attacks. It has been suggested that silent myocardial ischemia has an adverse impact on prognosis in patients with totally asymptomatic ischemia or asymptomatic postinfarction ischemia. Further, it has been shown that there is a direct relation between the duration and frequency of silent myocardial ischemia and subsequent cardiac events in patients with unstable angina. Therefore, aggressive therapy may be warranted in certain groups of patients in whom silent myocardial ischemia constitutes a significant part of the total ischemic burden.
Search for quantum confinement effects in ultrathin layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract The possibility of observing a step-like structure caused by quantum confinement in the differential transmission or absorption spectra of ultrathin (50 A or less) films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) was reinvestigated experimentally and theoretically. This step-like structure was initially reported by Hattori et al. (1988, Appl. Phys. Lett., 53, 2170 and 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett., 60, 825) and later by Chen et al. (1991, Chinese Phys. Lett., 8, 432). Despite an improved signal-to-noise ratio no such structure was detected either by photothermal modulation or by differentiation of the transmission, reflection and absorption spectra of a-Si: H films prepared under various conditions. Computer simulations show that the step-like structure should essentially be unobservable because the presence of tail states eliminates any sharp features in the joint density of states of electrons and holes. The presence of tail states is proved by photoluminescence and photothermal deflection spectrosco...
Proton Magnetic Resonance of Dimethyl Phthalates

We have studied the high‐resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of the ring protons in dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, and dimethyl terephthalate. The proton chemical shifts were determined relative to benzene in a series of solvents of widely varying dielectric constant, with both species at infinite dilution. This effectively removes the solvent van der Waals contribution to the observed shifts, and the remaining shifts are in accord with Buckingham's theory of dielectric reaction fields. Extrapolation to a medium of unit dielectric constant was performed in order to obtain chemical shifts typical of isolated molecules. These values were then approximately corrected for intramolecular electric and magnetic fields. For the two nearly planar molecules, the corrected values were correlated with pi‐electronic charge densities obtained by Huckel molecular‐orbital calculations. The failure of this correlation in the case of dimethyl phthalate can be attributed to the large deviations from pla...
Abiontic enzymes in arctic soils: changes in sulphatase activity following vehicle disturbance

The effect of vehicle perturbation on sulphatase enzyme activity in arctic tundra soils was examined. Sulphatase activity was significantly less in disturbed (vehicle track) than that adjacent undisturbed tundra soils. Soil moisture and water movement appeared to be major controlling factors. The results of the study suggest that biochemical mineralization of organic sulphur in disturbed tundra soils is controlled by nutrient influx associated with water movement, altering sulphatase activity to a level consistent with the need for, as well as the supply of, the mineralized element.
Interactions between Fission Yeast mRNA Capping Enzymes and Elongation Factor Spt5

Elongating RNA polymerase II is targeted by macromolecular assemblies that regulate mRNA synthesis and processing. The capping apparatus is the first of the assemblies to act on the nascent pre-mRNA. Although recruitment of the capping enzymes to the transcription complex is dependent on phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of the Rpb1 subunit of polymerase II (Pol-II), there may be additional levels of control that coordinate capping with elongation. Here we show that the triphosphatase (Pct1) and guanylyltransferase (Pce1) enzymes of the fission yeast capping apparatus bind independently to the elongation factor Spt5. The C-terminal domain of the 990-amino acid Schizosaccharomyces pombe Spt5 protein, composed of repeats of a nonapeptide motif (consensus sequence TPAWNSGSK), is necessary and sufficient for binding to the capping enzymes in vivo (in a two-hybrid assay) and in vitro. As few as four nonamer repeats suffice for Spt5 binding to Pct1 in vitro, whereas six repeats are required for Spt5 binding to Pce1. A 116-amino acid fragment of the guanylyltransferase Pce1 suffices for binding to the Spt5 C-terminal domain (CTD) but not for binding to the Pol-II CTD. Pct1 and Pce1 can bind simultaneously to the Spt5 CTD in vitro. We find that Spt5 is essential for viability of S. pombe and that it interacts in vivo with S. pombe Spt4 via a central domain distinct from the Spt5 CTD. We suggest that Spt5-induced arrest of elongation at promoter proximal positions ensures a temporal window for recruitment of the capping enzymes.
Using decision aids in community-based primary care: A theory-driven evaluation with ethnically diverse patients

Abstract Objective To assess the effects of informational brochures and video decision aids about cancer screening on patient intention to engage in shared decision-making and its predictors in a racially diverse sample. Methods Participants were recruited from 13 community-based primary care practices serving racially and ethnically diverse patients in predominately economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Participants completed theory-based measures assessing attitudes, perceived social norms, self-efficacy and intentions for working with their physician to make a cancer screening decision after reviewing a brochure or video decision aid, but before seeing the physician. A post-questionnaire assessed screening decisions and participant knowledge. Results Participants who reviewed a video decision aid had higher knowledge and were more likely to want to be the primary decision-maker. They reported lower perceived social norms, self-efficacy and intentions to work with their physicians than participants who reviewed a brochure. Participants who decided against cancer screening reported lower intentions to work with their physician in making a decision and were less likely to report having spoken with their physician about screening. Conclusion Participants who opted against cancer screening after reviewing a brochure or decision aid were less likely to discuss their decision with their physician. The tendency toward autonomous decision-making was stronger among participants who reviewed a video decision aid.
Thioredoxin and glutathione regulate photosynthesis in chloroplasts

TWO recently found chloroplast proteins act in the ferredoxin-linked regulation of enzymes of photosynthetic carbon dioxide assimilation1,2. We report here the identification of one of these proteins, earlier termed assimilation regulatory protein b (ARPb), as thioredoxin—a protein functional in the synthesis of DNA and previously not known in chloroplasts3–5. The other protein, assimilation regulatory protein a (ARPa), is a new enzyme that catalyses the reduction of thioredoxin by reduced ferredoxin. We have renamed this protein ‘ferredoxin–thioredoxin reductase.’ In addition to identifying these proteins found earlier, we present evidence for a regulatory function of glutathione in chloroplasts. These findings permit for the first time the formulation of a light-dependent mechanism for protein-mediated enzyme regulation. In this mechanism, key regulatory enzymes are activated (reduced) photochemically via the ferredoxin–thioredoxin system and are deactivated (oxidised) in the dark via oxidised glutathione. The evidence indicates that photoreduced ferredoxin, in the presence of ferredoxin–thioredoxin reductase, controls the level of reduced thioredoxin required for enzyme activation. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase seem to control the level of oxidised glutathione available for enzyme deactivation.
Harness: a next generation distributed virtual machine

Abstract Heterogeneous Adaptable Reconfigurable Networked SystemS (HARNESS) is an experimental metacomputing system [L. Smarr, C.E. Catlett, Communications of the ACM 35 (6) (1992) 45–52] built around the services of a highly customizable and reconfigurable Distributed Virtual Machine (DVM). The successful experience of the HARNESS design team with the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) project has taught us both the features which make the DVM model so valuable to parallel programmers and the limitations imposed by the PVM design. HARNESS seeks to remove some of those limitations by taking a totally different approach to creating and modifying a DVM.
The aminosterol antibiotic squalamine permeabilizes large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles

The ability of the shark antimicrobial aminosterol squalamine to induce the leakage of polar fluorescent dyes from large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (LUVs) has been measured. Micromolar squalamine causes leakage of carboxyfluorescein (CF) from vesicles prepared from the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), and cardiolipin. Binding analyses based on the leakage data show that squalamine has its highest affinity to phosphatidylglycerol membranes, followed by phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin membranes. Squalamine will also induce the leakage of CF from phosphatidylcholine (PC) LUVs at low phospholipid concentrations. At high phospholipid concentrations, the leakage of CF from PC LUVs deviates from a simple dose-response relationship, and it appears that some of the squalamine can no longer cause leakage. Fluorescent dye leakage generated by squalamine is graded, suggesting the formation of a discrete membrane pore rather than a generalized disruption of vesicular membranes. By using fluorescently labeled dextrans of different molecular weight, material with molecular weight /=10,000 is retained. Negative stain electron microscopy of squalamine-treated LUVs shows that squalamine decreases the average vesicular size in a concentration-dependent manner. Squalamine decreases the size of vesicles containing anionic phospholipid at a lower squalamine/lipid molar ratio than pure PC LUVs. In a centrifugation assay, squalamine solubilizes phospholipid, but only at significantly higher squalamine/phospholipid ratios than required for either dye leakage or vesicle size reduction. Squalamine solubilizes PC at lower squalamine/phospholipid ratios than PG. We suggest that squalamine complexes with phospholipid to form a discrete structure within the bilayers of LUVs, resulting in the transient leakage of small encapsulated molecules. At higher squalamine/phospholipid ratios, these structures release from the bilayers and aggregate to form either new vesicles or squalamine/phospholipid mixed micelles.
Experimental evidence for backcoupling in proton-impact-induced alignment of excited He states

Polarization fractions for the 3 /sup 1/P..-->..2 /sup 1/S, 3 /sup 1/D..-->..2 /sup 1/P, and 4 /sup 1/D..-->..2 /sup 1/P transitions of He excited by 15-keV to 120-keV H/sup +/, H/sub 2/ /sup +/, and H/sub 3/ /sup +/ projectiles have been measured. The prominent structure in the polarization fraction for the 3 /sup 1/P transition was verified and previous experimental discrepancies were resolved. It is suggested that backcoupling to the projectile ground state is the physical mechanism producing the structure: a suggestion which awaits theoretical verification.
Long-term breastfeeding: The secret bond

Abstract More and more women are choosing to breastfeed their infants, and some women choose to breastfeed for several years. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore and describe the feelings, concerns, conflicts, and relations of 12 women who breastfed their infants for more than one year. Data collection involved semistructured, in-depth interviews; data analysis was by the grounded-theory method. “Synchronization” and “reorientation” were revealed by data analysis to be key processes that explained the mothers' feelings and behaviors. Synchronization is a process in which the mother moves in pace with her child. Reorientation is a process in which the mother rearranges her lifestyle to focus on the child and his or her needs. As these two processes evolve, the mother develops a secret bond with her child to limit intrusion into their relationship. Phases of these processes are presented. This research will help health-care personnel to have a better understanding of the mothers' needs, beliefs, and priorities.
Elevated serum CK in long abstinent cocaine abusers.

In preparation for an exercise program in cocaine abusers maintained abstinent in a hospital setting (average 98.4 days), we measured resting serum creatine kinase (CK). Surprisingly, many were elevated. Further tests confirmed the observation. We measured 19 long abstinent cocaine abusers, 22 abstinent abusers of other substances, and a later group of 26 long abstinent cocaine abusers. While none of the other substance abusers showed elevated serum CK levels, 53 and 31% of the abstinent cocaine groups did (p = .000082 and .00041, respectively). All CK elevations were muscle derived; repeated sampling demonstrated stability. Cocaine abusers' CK showed a bimodal distribution: the lower bell curve approximated controls and the higher bell curve centered above normal range, at 400 U/L. Demographics did not influence the results. With complementary findings of impaired spatial motor performance, these persistent CK elevations suggest that a large minority of cocaine abusers maintain tendencies to coarse motor control and impulsive movements, and perhaps hyperactivity.
Mixing relationships in the Martian regolith and the composition of globally homogeneous dust

Abstract Comparison of the chemical compositions of Martian soils reveals distinct mixing trends, resulting from admixture of variable amounts of sulfate/chloride cement at Viking landing sites and of the local andesitic rock fragments at the Mars Pathfinder site. These trends, most easily visualized in plots of oxides versus SO 3 , intersect approximately at a common composition, thought to represent a global dust that has been homogenized by pervasive aeolian activity. The source rocks that were weathered to produce the global dust are inferred to have been basalts rather than felsic rocks, based on the observation that the dust lies along well-established chemical weathering trends for terrestrial basalts. The basaltic protolith was chemically similar (e.g., high Fe/Mg, low Al 2 O 3 ) to basaltic shergottite meteorites. Chemical changes during the weathering of Martian basaltic rocks are apparently not as drastic as in terrestrial weathering, perhaps because of evaporation of hydrous fluids that leave soluble components behind in the residue. Comparison with chemical trends for previously proposed Martian soil-formation mechanisms suggests that palagonitization of basalts more readily explains the dust composition than do hydrothermal alteration at higher temperatures or reactions of rocks with an acid fog produced by volcanic exhalations. Local or temporal processing of dust into soil involves not only cementation by salts and mixing with rock fragments, but also chemical fractionations of Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 presumably resulting from aeolian sorting by grain size and density. If the global dust represents a broad average of the Martian surficial or upper crustal composition, the planet’s surface geology is dominated by basaltic volcanic rocks and evaporitic salts.
Resolution of sub-Rouse modes of polystyrene by dissolution

The properties of the softening “glass to rubber” dispersion of two archetypal amorphous polymers, polystyrene and polyisobutylene, appear to differ greatly. Previously, these differences have been explained by the larger intermolecular coupling between the repeat units in executing the local segmental motions in polystyrene than polyisobutylene. Dissolution of polystyrene into a solvent with a lower glass temperature certainly diminishes the intermolecular coupling and could make the softening dispersion of the polystyrene solution resemble bulk polyisobutylene. Creep compliance measurements of solutions of polystyrene in tri-m-tolyl phosphate are used to show that this expectation is the case. At 17% polystyrene, the properties of the softening dispersion of the solution are nearly identical to that of bulk polyisobutylene, including the appearance of a resolved sub-Rouse mode.
Membrane statics of parachute-like shells

Abstract The parachute-like shells studied in this paper may be referred to as scalloped paraboloids. The middle surface of the shell, which lacks rotational symmetry, is defined in cylindrical coordinates by the equation Z=Ar2(1 +βθ2). Of interest to the designer are the membrane forces Nr, Nθ, Nrθ in the shell or their dimensionless plan projections nr, nθ, nrθ. The latter may be found from the consideration of equilibrium, using the stress function approach. The stress function has to satisfy a second order partial differential equation subject to proper boundary conditions. The solution is found by separation of variables and the method of infinite series. The generation of practical results relies heavily on the digital computer. An approximate technique, convenient for practical purposes, is also discussed. For the purpose of illustration, a scalloped paraboloid loaded and supported like a parachute is considered. Adequate numerical and graphical results are given. The necessary mathematical expressions are included in an Appendix. It is shown graphically how the stresses within the shell are influenced by the parameter β. By a proper choice of this parameter the stresses within the shell can be restricted to be either entirely tensile or compressive. The value of the optimum β depends on the height to radius ratio μ. A practical curve that describes this optimum μ, β relationship is included.
Origin of roll waves in horizontal gas‐liquid flows

The mechanism of formation of roll waves on a horizontal liquid layer sheared by a gas flow is examined. Measurements of the wave amplitude spectrum show that, for liquid film Reynolds numbers greater than about 100, roll waves evolve from disturbances that initially have wave-lengths much longer than the film thickness and which grow slowly with distance. Predictions of linear stability analysis are shown to agree well with the observation of these instabilities and not the visual transition to roll waves as was suggested in earlier studies. For very thin films, the data do not give conclusive proof of the origin of roll waves, but it is speculated that these are actually solitary waves which have begun to break.
Spectroscopy Studies of InP Nanocrystals Synthesized Through a Fast Reaction

We present spectroscopic characterization of InP nanocrystals grown through a fast reaction in a non-coordinating solvent. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra collected from these nanocrystals exhibit a sharp feature associated with the band-edge emission and a broad infrared feature associated with deep level surface trap emission. The emission efficiencies of the as-grown nanocrystals vary between 0.3% and 1% from sample to sample. After undergoing an HF etching process, the emission efficiency increases to 18% and the emission associated with surface states is eliminated from the PL spectrum. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) experiments conducted at room temperature on the as-grown and HF-etched nanocrystals show that before etching the PL intensity decay is multi-exponential, with a fast (3ns) component independent of wavelength, associated with the non-radiative recombination processes. The etching process effectively eliminates the non-radiative component and the post-etching PL decay can be fitted with a single exponential decay characterized by long (45ns) lifetimes. We tentatively associate these long lifetimes with the recombination of carriers from spin-forbidden states. This assignment is supported by the observation of a significant redshift of the feature associated with band-edge recombination in the PL spectrum with respect to the lowest energy feature in the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectrum.
Management of Acute Soft Tissue Injuries

Participation in sports-related activities increases the risk for acute injury to soft tissues. In adults, the sites most often affected include the ankle, knee, and wrist joint structures, along with the muscles of the back and extremities. The subsequent inflammatory response to tissue damage results in pain and swelling, which limits mobility. A thorough patient assessment is required for accurate diagnosis and provides a guide for appropriate treatment. Initial management is based on the principles of basic first aid: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Pharmacological therapy can also be used to achieve pain relief and improve mobility. There are few well-controlled studies addressing the pharmacotherapy of acute soft tissue injury, but clinical experience with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is extensive. Both traditional and nontraditional therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Phase diagram for the helical texture in 3He-A

The stability region of the helical textures in3He-A in thev s-H phase diagram is theoretically determined. Herev sis the superflow velocity andH (∥v s) is the external magnetic field. The pitch of the helixk −1 that minimizes the Gibbs free energy and the corresponding inclination angles ofl andd are determined numerically as functions ofv sandH. The NMR frequencies (two longitudinal and four transverse frequencies) associated with the helical texture are obtained.
Zweite US-Sonde am Jupiter: Erste Ergebnisse des Vorbeifluges von Pionier 11 an Jupiter

Erste Ergebnisse des Vorbeifluges von Pionier 11 an Jupiter: Magnetfeld und Strahlungsgurtel, Details der Oberflache, Temperaturen und Lebensmoglichkeiten auf Jupiter, Jupitermonde Callisto und Ganymed.
Dealing with periodic disturbances in controls of mechanical systems

Abstract Periodic disturbances are common in control of mechanical systems. Such disturbances may be due to rotational elements such as motors and vibratory elements. When the period of a periodic disturbance is fixed and known in advance, repetitive control can be used for attenuating their effect. The most popular repetitive controller is based on the internal model principle. When the period is not fixed and unknown, adaptation capability must be introduced. This paper presents some fundamental issues and new challenges in the design of controllers to deal with periodic disturbances along with applications to mechanical systems.
Lost and found: An unusual late complication of the Angio-Seal closure device

Abstract We report an unusual case of breakage and embolisation of a femoral access closure device (Angio-Seal), which caused acute leg ischemia after percutaneous coronary intervention in a diabetic patient with documented peripheral vascular disease. Embolectomy from the superficial femoral artery revealed the polymer anchor split in two parts and embedded within a large (25×5 mm) thrombus.
Rough Set-Based Design Rule Selection for Collaborative Assembly Design

While the modern product development requires more knowledge-intensive and collaborative environment, the capture, retrieval, accessibility, and reusability of that design knowledge are increasing critical. In this paper, a rough set theory generates demanded rules and selects the appropriate minimal rules among the demanded design rules associated to the assembly design knowledge. The design rules are infrequently captured and often ignored due to its complexity. Rough set theory synthesizes approximation of concepts, analyzes data by discovering patterns, and classifies into certain decision classes. Such patterns can be extracted from data by means of methods based on Boolean reasoning and discernibility. This paper shows the feasibility of rough-set based rule selection considering complex design data objects in order to obtain efficient assembly design decision.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Serial cytogenetic analysis of a recurrent malignant melanoma

A metastatic malignant melanoma in a 54-yr-old white female was examined cytogenetically on three different occasions. We found two different clones, one hypodiploid and another hypertriploid; however, both clones had the same markers [i.e., der(6),t(6;17), and der(17),t(1;17)]. Detailed analysis of the histopathology and clinical course suggests that these two different clones reflected different morphology and results of therapy.
The Clinical Life History of Explanted Prosthetic Heart Valves

Abstract This report analyzes 118 prosthetic heart valves obtained from 97 patients at reoperation (96) or at postmortem examination (22). The number obtained from the mitral, aortic, and tricuspid positions were 78, 32, and 8, respectively. Duration of implant ranged from one day to 12.3 years. Valves showing the least long-term wear were the Starr-Edwards metal strut-silicone ball and the Bjork-Shiley. Moderate long-term durability was provided by the Beall and Starr-Edwards cloth-covered composite-seat prostheses while short-term durability was given by Hancock and Carpentier valves. Reoperation for valve-related causes was performed for 46 of 47 Beall valves, which demonstrated stenosis, hemolysis, and incompetence from component wear, 6 of 27 Bjork-Shiley prostheses for valve thrombosis or thromboembolism or both, and 11 of 17 porcine prostheses because of calcification (4) or cusp perforation or rupture. Analyses of wear and fatigue of mechanical valves demonstrated that use of ultrahard materials (pyrolyte carbon, titanium, stellite 21) provided superior durability in contrast to polymeric solids or fabrics with poor abrasion and impact characteristics. Further, cloth and disc wear were evident as early as 0.5 year after implant and appeared to be complete by 4 years. Completeness of healing after 24 months was not related to the type of fabric material used or its construction. This study suggests that mechanical valves made from hard materials have long durability when properly implanted and require fastidious prophylaxis against infection and thromboembolism. The findings of early cusp perforation or rupture in the aortic position and leaflet calcification, stiffening, or disruption in the mitral position for porcine prostheses suggest that frequent and careful examinations of patients with these prostheses are required to detect early signs of stenosis or incompetence and that early reoperation is required before catastrophic valve failure necessitates emergency prosthetic valve replacement.
Measurement of the branching ratio of NCO+NO into N2O at 1100–1400 K

The reaction NCO+NO→N 2 O+CO is an important homogeneous pathway for forming N 2 O in those combustion systems in which bound nitrogen is oxidized under moderate temperatures. The rate of the NCO+NO reaction has been well characterized, and the branching ratio into the N 2 O+CO product channel has been determined between room temperature and 623 K. The goal of the research reported here is to measure the N 2 O product ratio at temperatures of practical interest, that is, 1100–1400 K. An external pressurized combustor is used to provide a hot gas stream (including NO) to a stirred reactor. HCN is added to the reactor, with measurements made of HCN, NO, NO 2 , N 2 O, and HNCO. The experiment is designed to promote HCN+O→NCO+H as a source of NCO. The N 2 O yield is compared with modeling results to establish the branching ratio of NCO+NO into N 2 O+CO. The background gas is nearly water free, which reduces interfering reactions caused by H atom and OH. The results indicate a branching ratio that increases weakly with temperature. Values are in the range of 0.3–0.5. which is consistent with low-temperature measurements. Kinetic pathway analysis suggests that the greatest uncertainty in the branching ratio measurement is associated with the rate constant for NCO+O→NO+CO as a competing sink for NCO. Further results using a wet reaction environment, which include additional competing reactions, show consistency with the dry results.
T-Cell Activation: Two for T

T-cell activation requires costimulation in addition to the antigen-specific signal. Recent results suggest that distinct costimulatory molecules can specifically activate different types of T-cell response.
Residential choice, the built environment, and nonwork travel: evidence using new data and methods

Residents of dense, mixed-use, transit-accessible neighborhoods use autos less. Recent studies have suggested that this relationship is partly because transit-preferring and walk-preferring households seek and find such neighborhoods. If this is so, and if the number of such households is small, policies to alter the built environment may not influence auto use very much. I argue that many of these studies are inconclusive on methodological grounds, and that more research is needed. A purpose-designed survey of households in two urban regions in California is investigated, with the aid of a new methodological approach. I find that most surveyed households explicitly consider travel access of some kind when choosing a neighborhood, but that this process of residential self-selection does not bias estimates of the effects of the built environment very much. To the extent that it does exert an influence, the bias results both in underestimates and overestimates of the effects of the built environment, contra...
Novel out-of-the-box concepts for future spaceborne antennas

This paper presents an overview of several novel “out-of-the-box” concepts for future spaceborne antennas. Examples address utilization of sub-reflectarrays as corrective mechanism for spherical reflectors with very wide scan angle capabilities and MEMS controlled reflectarrays for large reflector surface distortion compensations. Also presented is the concept of back-to-back reflector antennas with either polarization-reducing matched feeds or twin feeds for high spinning platforms.
Bifurcations and chaos in a forced zero-stiffness impact oscillator

Abstract We study a simple model of a structure having a pin joint with “play”. The model consists of a zero-stiffness impact oscillator. For small forcing we analyse two types of simple periodic solutions: symmetric and asymmetric. Saddle-node and pitchfork bifurcations are found for both types of solutions, while period-doubling bifurcations are found for the asymmetric periodic solutions. For large forcing it is numerically shown that the system exhibits chaos.