cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Adolescent Behavior Checklist: Validation Using Structured Diagnostic Interviews

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminant validity of scores from the Adolescent Behavior Checklist (ABC), a self-report measure of ADHD symptomatology for adolescents ages 11–17 years. Validity was assessed through correlational, univariate, and discriminant function analyses using three groups: (1) adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, (2) adolescents currently experiencing a mood and/or anxiety disorder, and (3) adolescents with no major psychological disorder. Convergent and divergent validity of the ABC factor scores was demonstrated through correlational results with (1) parent and adolescent report of ADHD symptoms during structured psychiatric interviews and (2) scores on questionnaires measuring related and nonrelated constructs. Univariate analyses indicated that the ADHD group obtained significantly higher scores than did the nonclinical adolescents across all ABC factors. Additionally, the ADHD group scored significantly higher than did the psychiatric controls on the following ABC factors: Conduct Problems, Impulsivity/Hyperactivity, and Social Problems. Results from discriminant analyses supported the reliability of ABC scores in correctly classifying participants into groups. Compared to the Youth Self-Report, the ABC was found to be somewhat better at classifying when used in a multiinformant discriminant analysis. Therefore, overall results from the current study suggest that the ABC is a valid and useful self-report screening measure for ADHD symptoms and related difficulties.
Vps34-mediated macropinocytosis in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2-deficient cells supports tumorigenesis.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a rare genetic disorder with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) hyperactivation, is characterized by multi-organ hamartomatous benign tumors including brain, skin, kidney, and lung (Lymphangioleiomyomatosis). mTORC1 hyperactivation drives metabolic reprogramming including glucose and glutamine utilization, protein, nucleic acid and lipid synthesis. To investigate the mechanisms of exogenous nutrients uptake in Tsc2-deficient cells, we measured dextran uptake, a polysaccharide internalized via macropinocytosis. Tsc2-deficient cells showed a striking increase in dextran uptake (3-fold, p < 0.0001) relative to Tsc2-expressing cells, which was decreased (3-fold, p < 0.0001) with mTOR inhibitor, Torin1. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the lipid kinase Vps34 markedly abrogated uptake of Dextran in Tsc2-deficient cells. Macropinocytosis was further increased in Tsc2-deficient cells that lack autophagic mechanisms, suggesting that autophagy inhibition leads to dependence on exogenous nutrient uptake in Tsc2-deficient cells. Treatment with a macropinocytosis inhibitor, ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), resulted in selective growth inhibition of Atg5-deficient, Tsc2-deficient cells (50%, p < 0.0001). Genetic inhibition of autophagy (Atg5−/− MEFs) sensitized cells with Tsc2 downregulation to the Vps34 inhibitor, SAR405, resulting in growth inhibition (75%, p < 0.0001). Finally, genetic downregulation of Vps34 inhibited tumor growth and increased tumor latency in an in vivo xenograft model of TSC. Our findings show that macropinocytosis is upregulated with Tsc2-deficiency via a Vps34-dependent mechanism to support their anabolic state. The dependence of Tsc2-deficient cells on exogenous nutrients may provide novel approaches for the treatment of TSC.
Body composition among adult survivors of pediatric abdominal and pelvic tumors in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort.

10574Background: In the general population, adverse changes in body composition are associated with reduced physical function, metabolic impairment and mortality. However, little is known about cha...
LANGUAGE PLANNING IN NIGERIA: THE CLASH BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE

In Nigeria, almost 500 indigenous languages if not more than continue to compete with the English language that has assumed the status of a global linguistic code. The contact in different domains between English language an contact languages in the country continues to effect the performance in English and contact languages thereby making communication in either English or any other indigenous languages unattainable. This research work studied the gap between the use of English language and the indigenous languages in multilingual country, Nigeria which exists as a result of the non-implementation of language policies as stipulated by the Government. The sampling research method was adopted and questionnaires were employed to test the research hypothesis which proved positive. The major conclusion deduced from the findings reflect that if there must exist a linguistic balance between the use of English language in the country, the Government must endeavour through the Ministries of Education that both public owned and private owned schools adhere to a new language policy as the research work suggests. Offering indigenous languages in schools must be made compulsory and not optional as well as a compulsory subject to gain admission into Nigerian Universities like the English language.
Consumption of the eggs, hatchlings, and tadpoles of Green Frogs (Lithobates clamitans) by native and non-native predators

Predation by native and non-native predators on the eggs, embryos, and early stage tadpoles can affect the recruitment of offspring into a population. We examined the effects of native (Little Brown Mudbugs, Cambarus thomai; overwintered Rana tadpoles; Common Green Darner, Anax junius, larvae) and non-native (Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis) potential predators on the eggs, hatchlings, and early tadpoles of the Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans). The predators had no effect on survivorship or hatching of L. clamitans eggs. However, tadpole survivorship was significantly reduced by dragonfly larvae and crayfish, but not G. affinis or the overwintered ranid tadpoles. Our observation that invertebrates consumed Green Frog tadpoles while vertebrates did not is consistent with palatability contributing to the tadpoles’ susceptibility to different predators. Our results therefore suggest Green Frog tadpoles, but not eggs or embryos, from some populations may be subject to differential predation by invertebrate and vertebrate predators.
A Unified Model for Robust Differential Expression Analysis of RNA-Seq Data

A fundamental task for RNA-seq data analysis is to determine whether the RNA-seq read counts for a gene or exon are significantly different across experimental conditions. Since the RNA-seq measurements are relative in nature, between-sample normalization of counts is an essential step in differential expression (DE) analysis. In most existing methods the normalization step is independent of DE analysis, which is not well justified since ideally normalization should be based on non-DE genes only. Recently, Jiang and Zhan proposed a robust statistical model for joint between-sample normalization and DE analysis from log-transformed RNA-seq data. Sample-specific normalization factors are modeled as unknown parameters in the gene-wise linear models, and the L0 penalty is introduced to induce sparsity in the regression coefficients. In their model, the experimental conditions are assumed to be categorical (e.g., 0 for control and 1 for case), and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to identify genes that are differentially expressed between two or more conditions. In this work, Jiang and Zhan’s model is generalized to accommodate continuous/numerical experimental conditions, and a linear regression model is used to detect genes for which the expression level is significantly affected by the experimental conditions. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is developed to solve for the global solution of the resultant high-dimensional, non-convex and non-differentiable penalized least squares regression problem. Extensive simulation studies and a real RNA-seq data example show that when the proportion of DE genes is small or the numbers of up-and down-regulated genes are approximately equal the proposed method performs similarly to existing methods in terms of detection power and false positive rate. When a large proportion (e.g., $\gt 30$%) of genes are differentially expressed in an asymmetric manner, it outperforms existing methods and the performance gain is even more substantial as the sample size increases.
Congenital Facial Deformities

Craniofacial deformities encompass a wide array of congenital and acquired syndromes of the head, neck, face, and jaws. The care of these complex patients requires a team-based approach with multiple providers, including but not limited to surgeons, pediatricians, and dentists. Understanding normal growth and development of the maxillofacial complex and the deciduous and succedaneous dentition is essential as it has a profound influence on the timing of surgical and nonsurgical interventions. This chapter is designed to introduce the general dentist who practices on the craniofacial team of the basic principles in the care of these patients.
A Delayed Start Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm for just-in-time truck scheduling at a cross-docking facility

Abstract Nowadays, supply chain stakeholders have to successfully address a large number of challenges in order to ensure an efficient distribution of products within supply chains. These challenges include uncertainties in the supply chain operations, strict delivery deadlines, perishability of the transported products, partnership termination, and others. Cross-docking facilities have been widely used to tackle some of these challenges and improve effectiveness of the product distribution. This study aims to enhance scheduling of the inbound and outbound trucks at a cross-docking facility. The truck scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model, minimizing the total truck service cost. A novel Delayed Start Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The algorithm executes separate Evolutionary Algorithms on its islands in a sequential manner and exchanges the promising solutions among the active islands based on an adaptive migration criterion. The computational experiments showcase superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of the key algorithmic performance indicators against the other five metaheuristic algorithms, which have been commonly used in the cross-docking literature. Furthermore, this study demonstrates how the developed algorithm can be effectively used for the analysis of important managerial insights from the transportation perspective.
Matlock Would Have Gagged

This brief article describes the lawsuit brought by well-known television actor Andy Griffith against William Fenrick, who changed his name to Andrew Griffith in order to have an edge when he ran for sheriff of Grant County, Wisconsin. The television actor filed suit in a federal court to prevent use of his name by Fenrick in the 2008 election. The theories of Plaintiff’s case were first, that Fenrick used the name in commerce causing blurring and tarnishment, violating the federal Lanham Act, second, that use of his name violated his right of privacy under state law, and third, that his use of the name in connection with his sheriff campaign will cause people to believe that the real Andy Griffith sponsored or approved the campaign, also a violation of the Lanham Act.The author goes on to explain the nuances and the outcome of the litigation.
Fraction Operations: An Examination of Prospective Teachers' Errors Confidence, and Bias.

Fractions are important in young students’ understanding of rational numbers and proportional reasoning. The teacher is fundamental in developing student understanding and competency in working wit...
Engraftment Failure After Non-Myeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Donor CD4 Cells Interfere with Residual Host Cells and Can Trigger Rejection of the Graft.

Abstract 3528 Poster Board III-465 In the last decade the field of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has made significant strides in the reduction of morbidity and mortality using non-myeloablative conditioning. However, with reduced conditioning intensity the risk of allograft rejection has increased due to the persistence of host cells that mediate host-vs-graft alloreactivity or that occupy niches in the host hematopoietic microenvironment. Here we studied hematopoietic reconstitution and chimerism after non-myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI: 4 Gy [sublethal]; 7 Gy [lethal]) or total lymphoid irradiation (TLI: 17×240 cGy) in a MHC-matched mouse model with known high resistance to engraftment. BALB.K (H-2K) hosts received FACS-purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSC: cKIT+Thy1.1loSca1+Lin-) alone or supplemented with T cells (TC) from AKR/J (H-2K) donors. Peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and spleen (SP) were analyzed 2 and 4 weeks (w) post transplant (pTX), and PB chimerism was followed beyond day (d) 100. Mice conditioned with lethal TBI survived, when grafts contained HSC only, and became mixed chimeric for TC, but converted to primarily donor type for B cells and the myeloid lineage. When grafts were supplemented with TC, chimerism converted to full donor type, but hosts developed fulminant acute GVHD. In contrast, sublethal TBI resulted in only mild symptoms of GVHD and mice recovered rapidly. Recipients of HSC alone or HSC+CD8 TC became mixed chimeras in all lineages, even long-term (>100d). However, mice given grafts of either HSC with total TC, or HSC+CD4 TC remained host type for T and B cells, and achieved only low levels of donor engraftment in the myeloid lineage. These findings suggested that the addition of peripheral donor CD4 TC resulted in powerful lymphoid suppression as well as retardation of myeloid engraftment. Indeed at 2w pTX recipients of HSC+CD4 TC displayed severe lymphopenia ( 40% in recipients of HSC alone]) and B cell reconstitution was the most severely affected (6% vs 75% of lymphocytes). Graft suppression was also evidenced by absolute cytopenia as mice given HSC+CD4 TC vs HSC alone, had reduced cellularity in BM (median 3.8×10∧6 [n=7] vs 13.3 ×10∧6 cells [n=4]; p=0.0003) and spleen (median 4.4×10∧6 vs 14×10∧6 cells; p=0.03). Suppression of hematopoiesis by CD4 TC grafts was accompanied by an expansion of donor and host CD4 TC, each comprising ∼6% of BM cells as compared with Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Cultures Shifts and Added Resources: How the Physician Experience in Caring for the Dying Patient has Evolved

Caring for seriously ill and dying patients plays a key role in the patient-physician story. The emotional experience, while at times gratifying, can also be quite burdensome. In “The Inner Lives o...
Cybersecurity Discourse in the United States: Cyber-Doom Rhetoric and Beyond

This book examines the role of cyber-doom rhetoric in the U.S. cybersecurity debate.For more than two decades, fear of "cyber-doom" scenarios—i.e. cyberattacks against critical infrastructure resulting in catastrophic physical, social, and economic impacts—has been a persistent feature of the U.S. cybersecurity debate. This is despite the fact that no cyberattack has come close to realizing such impacts. This book argues that such scenarios are part of a broader rhetoric of cyber-doom within the U.S. cybersecurity debate, and takes a multidisciplinary approach that draws on research in history, sociology, communication, psychology, and political science. It identifies a number of variations of cyber-doom rhetoric, then places them into a larger historical context, assesses how realistic the fears expressed in such rhetoric are, and finally draws out the policy implications of relying on these fears to structure our response to cybersecurity challenges. The United States faces very real cybersecurity challenges that are, nonetheless, much less dramatic than what is implied in the rhetoric. This book argues that relying on cyber-doom rhetoric to frame our thinking about such threats is counterproductive, and encourages us to develop ways of thinking and speaking about cybersecurity beyond cyber-doom.This book will be of much interest to students of cybersecurity, foreign policy, public administration, national security, and international relations in general.
Acute exercise effects on postprandial fat oxidation: meta-analysis and systematic review.

The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize and evaluate current literature examining the effects of exercise on postprandial fat oxidation, as well as to provide future direction. A qu...
Machine Learning for Reliability Analysis of Large Scale Systems

As distributed systems dramatically grow in terms of scale, complexity, and usage, understanding the hidden interactions among system and workload properties becomes an exceedingly difficult task. Machine learning models for prediction of system behavior (and analysis) are increasingly popular but their effectiveness in answering what and why is not always the most favorable. In this talk I will present two reliability analysis studies from two large, distributed systems: one that looks into GPGPU error prediction at the Titan, a large scale high-performance-computing system at ORNL, and one that analyzes the failure characteristics of solid state drives at a Google data center and hard disk drives at the Backblaze data center. Both studies illustrate the difficulty of untangling complex interactions of workload characteristics that lead to failures and of identifying failure root causes from monitored symptoms. Nevertheless, this difficulty can occasionally manifest in spectacular results where failure prediction can be dramatically accurate.
Lymphocytopenia in Hodgkin’s Disease

ALTHOUGH a depression in the blood lymphocyte count was observed by a number of early students of Hodgkin’s disease, 1 , 2 this finding has received little comment in the recent medical literature. In the light of current concepts of lymphocyte function and the immunologic defect in Hodgkin’s disease, it has seemed worthwhile to review the implications of the profound lymphocytopenia of this condition.
Quantifying frequency content in cross-sectional retinal scans of diabetics vs. controls.

Purpose To examine subtle differences in the structure of diabetic vs. control retinas. Methods Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were compared for the retinas of 33 diabetic subjects who did not have clinical evidence of diabetic macular edema and age-matched controls, with central macular thicknesses of 275 and 276 microns, respectively. Cross-sectional retinal images through the fovea, called B-scans, were analyzed for spatial frequency content. The B-scans were processed to remove and smooth the portions of the retinal image not within regions of interest in the retina. The remaining retinal images were then quantified using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) approach that provided amplitude as a function of spatial frequency. Results The FFT analysis showed that diabetic retinas had spatial frequency content with significantly higher power compared to control retinas particularly for a deeper fundus layer at mid-range spatial frequencies, ranging from p = 0.0030 to 0.0497 at 16.8 to 18.2 microns/cycle. There was lower power at higher spatial frequencies, ranging from p = 0.0296 and 0.0482 at 27.4 and 29.0 microns/cycle. The range of mid-range frequencies corresponds to the sizes of small blood vessel abnormalities and hard exudates. Retinal thickness did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions Diabetic retinas, although not thicker than controls, had subtle but quantifiable pattern changes in SD-OCT images particularly in deeper fundus layers. The size range and distribution of this pattern in diabetic eyes were consistent with small blood vessel abnormalities and leakage of lipid and fluid. Feature-based biomarkers may augment retinal thickness criteria for management of diabetic eye complications, and may detect early changes.
“Practice makes perfect” strategy for teaching aseptic techniques improved observational scores but not preparation potency

Abstract Introduction Student-compounded sterile preparations have been evaluated using observational scores, sterility testing, and potency determinations. Observational scores and potency determinations can be evaluated simultaneously, and three studies have been published using these assessment tools. One study found a significant number of students could not compound an acceptably potent preparation despite receiving very good observational scores. The previous study was judged to have an inferior instructional flaw, so a new teaching design, a “practice makes perfect” model, was utilized and was expected to increase the number of students compounding acceptably potent preparations. Methods The “practice makes perfect” method provided students with more practice and one-on-one instruction time in aseptic techniques. First-year pharmacy students received both group practice sessions and individualized instruction on six occasions interspersed between three compounding assessments. Observational scores and potency results were compared between this study and the previously published study. Results The “practice makes perfect” strategy improved students' observational scores but showed inconsistent results in the percentage of students who compounded an acceptably potent preparation and in the potency of preparations compounded by all students. There was no correlation between observational scores and potency values or between observational scores and the percentage of students compounding acceptably potent preparations at each individual observational score. Conclusions The study demonstrated that there was either a systematic error in the analytical potency protocol or that the observations made during student compounding were not adequate to identify problems that led to poor potency.
Multiphoton absorption spectra using thermal blooming: I. Theory

Abstract A theoretical treatment is presented which describes the formation of a thermal lens produced by pulsed laser excitation through multiphoton absorption processes. The effect of the thermal lens on a monitoring laser beam is discussed. Estimates are given showing that it is possible to obtain two-photon absorption spectra by this technique using commercially available pulsed dye lasers.
Preferred calculation formula and buoyancy effect on capillary number

It has been well established in the literature that as the capillary number is increased, residual saturations are decreased. The concept of capillary number is very important in enhanced oil recovery. There are several definitions of the capillary number. Which equation properly describes the mechanism of residual oil reduction as the capillary number is increased? To include the effect of buoyancy, a parameter called trapping number that is similar to the capillary number is proposed, and two different equations have been derived in the literature. There is a paradox for one of these equations: It suggests that the buoyance plays a role in horizontal flow! This paper seeks answers and explanations to the question and the paradox from theoretical point of view and published experimental data. This research work from this paper also suggests which equation should be used to calculate the trapping number for the flow in an inclined core or formation, which equation should be used to calculate capillary number and how the capillary number in a multiphase flow be calculated. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Off-farm Work among Rural Households: a Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon.

Recent approaches to reduce rural poverty among small farm households include increasing opportunities for off-farm work alongside ongoing efforts to improve agricultural productivity and market access (World Bank 2007). For rural households living at subsistence levels, off-farm work helps to augment farm income, diversify against risk, and enhance returns to education (Abdulai and Delgado 1999; Reardon 1997; Yang 1997). Work outside the agricultural sector accounts for one-third to one-half of rural incomes in developing countries and has continued to increase over time (El-Osta, Mishra, and Morehart 2008; Haggblade, Hazell, and Reardon 2007). Given the importance of off-farm work for combating rural poverty, this paper examines patterns of off-farm employment in a subsistence-level farming community in the Brazilian Amazon. The literature on rural livelihoods in Latin America has explored how participation in off-farm work is influenced by individual characteristics (i.e. age, sex, and level of education) and features of the household (i.e. size, income, physical capital, and location) (Berdegue et al. 2001; Ferreira and Lanjouw 2001; Murphy 2001; Reardon, Berdegue, and Escobar 2001; Yunez-Naude and Taylor 2001). We build upon this research by examining the critical role of social capital in securing off-farm work. We also distinguish between low-pay and higher-pay off-farm work, as their effect on reducing poverty differs. This paper draws upon a detailed survey of rural households to analyze individual participation in off-farm employment, within the context of coordinating resources and work at the farm level.
Interactive simulation models in planning

This paper deals with the benefits that interactive use of the computer provides to designers and users of simulation models in planning. After discussing some prominent advantages two examples of interactive models for economic forecasting and goal planning are given. Finally some desirable features of a general planning language in respect to interactivity will be explored.
The racial incidence and mortality of eotopic pregnancy

Abstract The most often quoted incidence of ectopic pregnancy is that of Schumann, namely, one ectopic to 303 intrauterine gestations. This ratio was obtained from data in Philadelphia hospitals during the year 1918. It seemed worth while to check Schumann's data in order to ascertain whether the same ratio of extrauterine to intrauterine pregnancy exists today as it did 30 years ago. In addition, because of the unsatisfactory state of our knowledge concerning the racial incidence of ectopic pregnancy, it seemed desirable to study it anew by Schumann's method of approach in a large city where both races exist in sufficient numbers to permit statistical analysis. During a period of five years (1944–1948) there were 862 ectopic pregnancies in 19 Baltimore hospitals. The unreliability of individual hospital statistics was shown in variations from ratios of ectopic gestations to total births in white patients from 1:111 to 1:269, and in Negroes from 1:31 to 1:862. Therefore ectopic pregnancies were compared with total births in the same period, in the entire population registration area of the city of Baltimore. There was one ectopic gestation to 177 total births in white women, as compared to one ectopic pregnancy to 120 total births in Negro women. Even by population and total birth analysis, there is approximately a 50 per cent higher incidence of Negro than white women with ectopic gestation in the city of Baltimore. Using the correction factors of Schumann it would seem probable that the actual incidence of ectopic gestation is greater than Schumann's statistics would indicate; and that the true ratio in white women is in the general neighborhood of 1:190 pregnancies and in Negro women 1:130 pregnancies. The mortality from ectopic pregnancy during the five-year period from 1944–1948 was 0.7 per cent for white patients, and 3.9 per cent for Negroes, with a combined racial mortality of 1.6 per cent (862 cases with 14 deaths). The role of chronic inflammatory disease was discussed in its relation to the etiology of ectopic pregnancy. In view of the high incidence of gonorrheal infection in Negro women, the conclusions would seem inescapable that the differential in racial incidence of ectopic pregnancy reported in this paper is attributable to a higher incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in Negroes. If this be true, the more efficacious methods of treating gonorrheal infection now in widespread use may well lead to a reduction in the incidence of this frequent and grave complication of pregnancy.
Alcohol-screening instruments for pregnant women

According to new studies, even low levels of prenatal alcohol exposure can negatively affect the developing fetus, thereby increasing the importance of identifying women who drink during pregnancy. In response, researchers have developed several simple alcohol-screening instruments for use with pregnant women. These instruments, which can be administered quickly and easily, have been evaluated and found to be effective. Because of the potential adverse consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure, short screening questionnaires are worthwhile preventive measures when combined with appropriate followup.
Redox regulation of responses to hypoxia and NO-cGMP signaling in pulmonary vascular pathophysiology

Pulmonary vascular responses elicited by hypoxia and NO-cGMP signaling are potentially influenced by ROS and redox mechanisms that change during the progression of disease processes. Our studies in endothelium-rubbed bovine pulmonary arteries suggest increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels (compared to coronary arteries) seem to maintain a tonic peroxide-mediated relaxation removed by hypoxia through NADPH fueling superoxide generation from Nox oxidase. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, oxidases (i.e., Nox4), and systems metabolizing superoxide and peroxide markedly influence hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP protein kinase seems to participate in peroxide-elicited relaxation. Endogenous NO helps maintain low pulmonary arterial pressure and suppresses HPV. Multiple redox processes potentially occurring during the progression of pulmonary hypertension may also attenuate NO-mediated relaxation beyond its scavenging by superoxide, including oxidation of guanylate cyclase heme and thiols normally maintained by cytosolic NADPH redox control.
Notes from the Balkans: Locating Marginality and Ambiguity on the Greek-Albanian Border

Notes from the Balkans: Locating Marginality and Ambiguity on the Greek-Albanian Border. Sarah F. Green. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 320 pp.
Possible harmonic-wavelet hybrids in image compression

The paper describes some image compression research at New Mexico State University. It explores the possibility of combining multi-resolution and harmonic analysis in signal decomposition. This is in recognition of the fact that both local and global characteristics are found in most images and that the ideal compression system should be able to contend with both types of features. A hybrid is proposed and discussed. >
ECOTHERMIC RESPONSES OF MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) TO THERMOREGULATORY STRESS ON MAINLAND NOVA SCOTIA

The size of the mainland Nova Scotia moose (Alces alces) population has declined precipitously over the last several decades and their current distribution is discontinuous. In recognition of the state of its moose population, Nova Scotia declared moose as ‘endangered’ under Nova Scotia’s Endangered Species Act in 2003. A variety of factors have been attributed to the decline, and the goal of this project was to determine whether thermoregulatory stress may be impacting the viability of the moose population. Location and temperature information were collected from GPS-collared moose to test predictions related to whether moose behaviour changes in response to high temperatures. Overall, our results suggest that moose exhibit behaviours (i.e., ectothermy) that are consistent with thermoregulatory stress, but the actual impacts of this, if any, on population productivity requires further study. The greatest response occurred in the summer during both day and night, when moose moved to areas of lower ambient temperature. Further, overall movements were significantly reduced during periods of high temperatures.
Religion and Sexual Behaviors: Understanding the Influence of Islamic Cultures and Religious Affiliation for Explaining Sex Outside of Marriage

Social scientists have long been interested in how cultural and structural characteristics shape individuals’ actions. We investigate this relationship by examining how macro- and micro-level relig...
Asymptotic normalization coefficients, spectroscopic factors, and direct radiative capture rates

We compare the use of asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANC's) and spectroscopic factors determined from peripheral transfer reactions for determining the overall normalization of peripheral direct radiative capture reaction processes. We demonstrate that ANC's provide a natural way to parametrize the rates of both peripheral transfer and direct capture reactions. Furthermore, ANC's inferred from one reaction may be used in the analysis of a second reaction without further knowledge regarding their origin, and independent measurements of a given ANC may be combined to give an overall ``best value'' in a straightforward manner. In contrast, a spectroscopic factor derived from analysis of a peripheral transfer reaction can only be used in subsequent calculations if one has detailed knowledge of the single-particle bound state orbital that was assumed when the spectroscopic factor was obtained.
Micromachined separation chips with a precolumn reactor and end-column electrochemical detector.

Glass microchips, integrating chemical derivatization reactions, electrophoretic separations, and amperometric detection, have been developed. The performance of the new integrated microfabricated devices is demonstrated for rapid on-chip measurements of amino acids utilizing precolumn reactions of amino acids with o-phthaldialdehyde/2-mercaptoethanol to generate electroactive derivatives that are separated electrophoretically and detected at the end-column electrochemical detector. The influence of the sample/reagent mixing ratio, reagent concentrations, driving voltage, detection potential, and other variables is explored. The integrated microsystem offers a rapid (6 min) simultaneous measurements of eight amino acids, down to ∼2.5 × 10-6 M (5 fmol) level, with linearity up to the 2 × 10-4 M level examined, and good reproducibility (RSD = 2.2−2.7%). A step of the driving voltage is used for decreasing the migration time of late-eluting components and reducing the overall analysis time. The integrated mi...
Effect of particle shape on the packing of carbonate sands and gravels

ABSTRACT An average grain volume for carbonate sands composed of various shaped particles has remained undetermined owing to the unpredictable effect of different fossil particle shapes on grain volume distribution. In this study, grain volume was measured for 250 single, dual and multicomponent packs of varied shaped, particulate, natural and artificial sands and gravels. Single-shape packs of simple, regular shaped particles have average grain volumes for moderately well sorted sediments as follows: 1) disks = 65%, 2) spheres = 57%, and 3) rods = 54%. Grain volumes of single-shape packs of various radical shaped particles, eg. bivalve shells, range from 35% (Transenella) to 17% (Anomia). Packing of two or more shapes tends to block and cancel the effects of radical shape which in single-shape packs causes a wide grain volume range. Multiple-shape packs have grain volumes proportional to the percent of the dominant component of the mix, making the grain volume of multiple-component mixtures essentially predictable. The ecologic and hydraulic factors involved in carbonate sedimentation produce a bimodal shape distribution. Grain volume values at the two modes are 59% and 28% for multiple-component shape packs. Lacking any evidence that the biologic and physical forces which molded the final composition and fabric of a carbonate sand tended to preserve a deposit of mainly radical-shape mixtures (i.e. low grain volume mixtures), it is reasonable to presume that an otherwise undefined carbonate sand can be expected to have an average grain volume of 59%, subject to correction based on subsequent analysis of shape-mixture limiting factors.
Active Site Formation, Not Bond Kinetics, Limits Adhesion Rate between Human Neutrophils and Immobilized Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

The formation of receptor ligand bonds at the interface between different cells and between cells and substrates is a widespread phenomenon in biological systems. Physical measurements of bond formation rates between cells and substrates have been exploited to increase our understanding of the biophysical mechanisms that regulate bond formation at interfaces. Heretofore, these measurements have been interpreted in terms of simple bimolecular reaction kinetics. Discrepancies between this simple framework and the behavior of neutrophils adhering to surfaces expressing vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) motivated the development of a new kinetic framework in which the explicit formation of active bond formation sites (reaction zones) are a prerequisite for bond formation to occur. Measurements of cells interacting with surfaces having a wide range of VCAM-1 concentrations, and for different durations of contact, enabled the determination of novel kinetic rate constants for the formation of reaction zones and for the intrinsic bond kinetics. Comparison of these rates with rates determined previously for other receptor-ligand pairs points to a predominant role of extrinsic factors such as surface topography and accessibility of active molecules to regions of close contact in determining forward rates of bond formation at cell interfaces.
Converting advances in seismology into earthquake science

Federal and state agencies and university groups all operate seismic networks in California. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates seismic networks in California in cooperation with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in southern California, and the University of California (UC) at Berkeley in northern California. The California Geological Survey (CGS) and the USGS National Strong Motion Program (NSMP) operate dial-out strong-motion instruments in the state, primarily to capture data from large earthquakes for earthquake engineering and, more recently, emergency response. The California Governor's Office of Emergency Services (OES) provides leadership for the most recent project, the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN), to integrate all of the California efforts, and to take advantage of the emergency response capabilities of the seismic networks. The core members of the CISN are Caltech, UC Berkeley, CGS, USGS Menlo Park, and USGS Pasadena (http://www.cisn.org)
Amines in Experimental Hypertensions

A sympathomimetic amine, Paredrine, was shown to be a good antihypertensive agent in experimental renal, experimental neurogenic and spontaneous hypertensions in the dog. Other closely related amines failed to possess antihypertensive activity. Paredrine did not prevent the development of experimental renal hypertension. This amine was also without chronic effect on the blood pressure of normotensive dogs.
Priapism Following Olanzapine Administration in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis

Received August 20, 1997; accepted September 4, 1997. From the Avery D. Weisman Psychiatry Consultation Service, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Address reprint requests to Dr. Heckers, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren 605, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02214. e-mail: heckers@psych.mgh.harvard.edu. Copyright 1998 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Priapism is the pathologically prolonged painful erection of the penis. It is a urological emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent complications, for example, difficulty with urination, urinary retention, impotence, cavernosa fibrosis, and gangrene. Roughly from 40% to 50% of patients who develop priapism become impotent, even after surgical treatment. The cause of priapism remains unclear in 50% of cases. Known causes of priapism include blood dyscrasias (sickle cell disease, leukemia, nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma, hyperviscosity states); solid tumors; trauma; spinalcord injuries; and stroke. Drug-induced priapism accounts for 15% to 41% of all cases, most often associated with two classes of drugs, neuroleptics and antihypertensives. Neurolepticinduced priapism has been reported for phenothiazines, butyrophenones, risperidone, and clozapine. Here we report the first case of priapism associated with the use of olanzapine.
The bacteria(B)-antibody(A)-complement(C) (BAC) rosette method for detecting C3 receptors (R): Binding specificity and capping of human peripheral blood lymphocyte C3R

Abstract Bacteria(B)-antibody(A)-complement(C) complexes (BAC) were shown to be useful for the detection of human or mouse lymphocyte receptors (R) for the activated third component of complement (C3). BAC formed rosettes with 52% of mouse spleen lymphocytes (MSL), 13% of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and 42% of PBL from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Binding characteristics of BAC, formed by incubation of BA with mouse serum at 37 °C for 40 min, (BAC40mo), strongly suggested a specificity of binding to C3d- rather than C3bR: (a) Elevated percentages of CLL PBL, known to possess mainly C3dR, bound BAC; (b) Greater than 90% of Raji and Daudi cells formed BAC rosettes (Daudi cells bind only C3d); (c) BAC40mo fail to rosette normal human erythrocytes (E), which are known to possess C3b rather than C3dR. BAC prepared by incubating BA with mouse serum at 37 °C for 10 min (BAC10mo) formed rosettes with large numbers of E and with diminished numbers of Daudi cells. B and BA formed no rosettes in any instance. C3R of normal human PBL, but not CLL PBL, rapidly formed caps at 37 °C indicating that PBL C3R of normal, but not CLL, are mobile within the plane of the lymphocyte membrane. Treatment of normal PBL with the microtubule (MT) inhibitor, colchicine (CLC), produced a small enhancement in the rate of C3R capping while the microfilament (MF) inhibitors, cytochalasin A or B (CA or CB), abolished capping. Agents that inhibit energy production also inhibited C3R capping, whereas cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, failed to alter C3R capping. These data indicate that human C3R capping is energy dependent and is controlled by the cellular cytoskeletal-contractile system.
Individual differences in television viewing motives

Abstract The psychological origins of television viewing motives were examined within the conceptual framework of the psychobiological model of personality developed by H. Eysenck (1947, 1990). Specifically, empirical evidence of linkages between three personality dimensions—psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism—and five television viewing motives—Pass Time, Companionship, Relaxation, Information, and Stimulation—is detailed. The findings, based on a sample of undergraduates (612 males; 526 females), revealed that individuals in the neuroticism personality dimension, compared to those in the psychoticism and extraversion groups, strongly endorsed the Pass Time, Companionship, Relaxation, and Stimulation motives for television viewing. Further, the data show that individuals in the socially outgoing extraversion group strongly reject the notion of using television as a functional alternative to interpersonal companionship. Some implications of these findings are discussed.
Characterization and developmental expression of AmphiNk2-2, an NK2 class homeobox gene from amphioxus (Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Cephalochordata)

The genome of amphioxus includes AmphiNk2-2, the first gene of the NK2 homeobox class to be demonstrated in any invertebrate deuterostome. AmphiNk2-2 encodes a protein with a TN domain, homeodomain, and NK2-specific domain; on the basis of amino acid identities in these conserved regions, AmphiNk2-2 is a homolog of Drosophila vnd and vertebrate Nkx2-2. During amphioxus development, expression of Amph- iNk2-2 is first detected ventrally in the endoderm of late gastrulae. In neurulae, endodermal expression divides into three domains (the pharynx, midgut, and hindgut), and neural expression commences in two longitudinal bands of cells in the anterior neural tube. These neural tube cells occupy a ventrolateral position on either side of the cerebral vesicle (the probable homolog of the vertebrate diencephalic forebrain). The dynamic expression patterns of AmphiNkx2-2 suggest successive roles, first in regionalizing the endoderm and nervous system and later during differentiation of specific cell types in the gut (possibly peptide endocrine cells) and brain (possibly including axon outgrowth and guidance).
Changes in the timing of mantle formation and larval life history traits in linguliform and craniiform brachiopods

The distribution of embryonic and larval mantles is documented in linguliform and craniiform brachiopods. Criteria are presented for identifying these mantle types. The mantle type is related to planktotrophic and lecithotrophic larval life history patterns. In the Linguliformea and Craniiformea, all Lower Palaeozoic families with adequate preservation had larval mantles, indicating the presence of a planktotrophic larva. Heterochronic changes in the time of mantle origin, from the larval to the embryonic stage of development, has occurred several times. In the Lingulidae this change appears to have taken place at about the time the family originated in the Devonian and has been retained in extant genera. The family Discinidae has also retained a planktotrophic larval stage from the Lower Palaeozic to the present. The extant genus Crania in the Craniidae has a short-lived lecithotrophic larva that lacks a mantle. Through the Lower Jurassic, this family had planktotrophic larvae with a larval shell. During the Upper Jurassic, genera with a lecithotrophic larva that lacked a larval shell began to appear; however, the last genera in this family with a planktotrophic larva and a larval shell did not become extinct until the Tertiary.
Conversion from active surveillance to active treatment for prostate cancer: A qualitative analysis

Active surveillance (AS) has been an option for prostate cancer management for many years. However, only about 10% ofclinically appropriate prostate cancer patients undergo AS. The reasons for the low selection and adherence to AS areunknown. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the reasons why men convert from AS to active treatment.Known converters from AS to active treatment were identified through the PI’s prior study with this population andparticipating urologists. A purposive sample of six participants was interviewed using a structured interview instrumentdeveloped by the researcher to examine reasons why participants converted from AS to active treatment. Participantrecruitment was based out of a Urology Clinic in New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Four themes emerged from the analysisof research transcripts: 1) A Dangerous Wait, 2) Clinical Surveillance, 3) Need for Information & Support, 4) TheAftermath. The results of the study will inform health care providers regarding the education and psychosocial supportneeds of men undergoing AS for prostate cancer.