cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synergie zwischen priesterlichem und göttlichem Handeln im Aaronitischen Segen (Num 6,22-27)

The expression (ישא יהוה פניו אליך Num 6,26) is unique in the Hebrew Bible and has not been fully explained yet. This article suggests that the preposition (אל Num 6,25.26) is the key to understanding, since it links Num 6,24-26 to Lev 9,22-24 (3 times אל) as well as to the framing verses Num 6,22f.27 (3 times אל). Semantical, redaction- and tradition-critical analyses prompt that the expression ישא יהוה פניו אליך was created especially for the priestly blessing to evoke the imagination of being received before the divine king. The preposition אליך in Num 6,25.26 emphasizes the relationship between God and the blessed individuals and alludes to the expression וישא אהרן את־ידו אל־העם ויברכם in Lev 9,22: the priest’s gesture of blessing allows to perceive the presence of God. The liturgical formula was finally included into the Sinai pericope by a postpriestly redaction, along with the framing verses Num 6,22f.27.
Orders of magnitude reduction in acoustic resonator simulation times via the wide-band rapid analytical-FEA technique

Spurious mode excitation is one of the largest obstacles towards the widespread adoption of piezoelectric MEMS resonator technology. This is in large part due to the lack of a wide-band and computationally efficient simulation solution to model the frequency response of complex 3D geometries. This paper presents the results from a solution to this problem: the Rapid Analytical/FEA Technique (RAFT). The RAFT combines the accuracy of FEA with the speed of analytical evaluation. For simulations with similar total degrees of freedom and frequency resolution, the RAFT simulation completes approximately 2,300 times faster than traditional FEA while accurately predicting the behavior of hundreds of spurious modes. The approach of the RAFT allows the use of FEA as an efficient design tool, rather than analysis tool, for in- and far-band spurious modes.
A Report on the Dubinsky Affair

(1969). A Report on the Dubinsky Affair. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 10, pp. 1173-1176.
Discovering the Logic of Legal Reasoning

The rule of law rests on the quality of legal reasoning. The rule of law requires that similar cases should be decided similarly, that each case should be decided on its merits, and that decision-making processes should comply with applicable rules of procedure and evidence. Making the reasoning behind such decision-making transparent and open to scrutiny shifts the decisions away from mere subjective preference and toward objective rationale. An important means, therefore, of achieving the rule of law is articulating and evaluating the various elements of legal reasoning—the reasoning involved in interpreting constitutions, statutes, and regulations, in balancing fundamental principles and policies, in adopting and modifying legal rules, in applying those rules to cases, in evaluating evidence, and in making ultimate decisions. Despite our need for transparent and sound reasoning, we in the legal profession devote surprisingly little research to developing our own general methodology. This is in dramatic contrast to other fields and professions. We are not like mathematicians, whose reflection on their own method has given the world axiomatic proof and modern deductive logic. We are also unlike statisticians, who have developed the analytic methods in use in all areas of empirical research. Nor do we act like natural and social scientists, who carefully combine statistical methods with techniques for measurement and modeling that are tailored to their particular subject matters. Nor do we take the approach of the medical profession, which has refined various methodologies for diagnostic reasoning. We in the legal profession largely content ourselves with “knowing good legal reasoning when we see it.” We spend relatively little time refining general methods for discriminating between good patterns of reasoning and bad, or developing theories for explaining precisely why good patterns are good and bad patterns are bad. In sum, we do not pay particular attention to the logic of legal reasoning. For a
Exercise Training Effects on Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity, Ubiquinones and Vitamin E

It is well-known that endurance exercise training leads to an overall increase in the oxidative capacity of oxidative type (red) skeletal muscles through increased biogenesis of mitochondria (1, 2). While overall muscle mitochondrial content increases, the mitochondrial lipid/protein ratio and the specific activities of mitochondrial enz37mes remain constant (2). Besides their known physiological function as providers of ATP through oxygen reduction, mitochondria are also potential sites of oxygen free radical formation by erroneous, incomplete electron transfer to oxygen, most probably at the site of ubiquinone oxidoreduction (3). Mitochondrial free radical production is likely to increase with the massive increase in oxygen consumption during physical activity. This suggests that exercise should result in an increased demand on antioxidant systems to respond to the increased production of oxygen-derived and other free radicals.
IS THE f0 (1590) THE 0++ SCALAR GLUEBALL?

In a nonperturbative, algebraic approach to QCD, the author presents arguments which strongly indicate that the f/sub o/(1590) is not the 0/sup ++/ scalar glueball. Specifically, the author computes the branching ratio quantities BR(G..-->..eta eta')/Br(G..-->..KK-bar)/BR(G..-->..eta eta), and BR(G..--> pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0//BR(G..-->..eta eta) as functions of only one coupling ratio r = vertical bar , where G = pure or physical scalar glueball, and demonstrate that for no value of r are the experimental data for f/sub 0/ (1590) obtained.
Associations Between Insurance Provider and Assistive Technology Use for Computer and Electronic Devices 1 Year After Tetraplegia: Findings From the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems National Database.

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between insurance provider and reported assistive technology (AT) use to access computers and electronic devices 1 year after sustaining tetraplegia. Design Multicenter cross-sectional study. Setting Participants enrolled in the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) National Database. Interventions Not applicable. Participants Men and women with tetraplegia (N=498) enrolled in the SCIMS National Database were included in the analysis. Main Outcome Measures The primary study outcome was the use of AT when operating a computer or other mobile electronic device. The primary predictor was the subject’s principal health insurance provider, which was grouped into the 3 categories: government (Medicare, Medicaid, and other government), private (private insurance, private funds, and other), and workers’ compensation. Results Overall, 34.7% of participants reported using AT to access computers and electronic devices. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed sex, injury level, injury completeness, self-perceived health status, and 12-month history of pressure ulcer were all significantly associated with AT use. After adjusting for these factors, participants with workers’ compensation were more likely to report AT use than individuals with either government or private insurance. Conclusions Despite significant technological advances, AT is not readily available to the people who might benefit most from its use. Findings from the present study are the first to shed light on AT funding sources and reveal that individuals with workers’ compensation are more likely use AT than individuals with either government or private insurance. Additional work focused on AT use and functional outcomes is needed to assess the effect of barriers to use. Collectively, this work may inform insurers of the importance of having AT available for this unique population to potentially improve quality of life and participation.
Recombinant Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Transfer: Potential Roles in Gene Therapy of Cerebrovascular Disease

Gene therapy refers to the transfer of functional genes to the host tissue to correct the malfunction of a specific gene or to replace a missing gene, with resultant alleviation of the symptoms of a particular disease. Cerebrovascular gene transfer is not only a powerful technique for studying cerebrovascular biology, it is a novel and promising strategy for treating intracranial vascular disorders. Nitric oxide (NO) exerts critical and diverse functions in cerebral circulation. Impaired NO production or function contributes to the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm. Although NO therapy is desirable, the short half-life of NO and the tolerance and side effects of NO donors often impede their clinical applications. We have recently constructed replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors encoding the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene and conducted both ex vivo and in vivo gene transfer studies to cerebral arteries. Our results indicate that transgene and recombinant eNOS protein can be effectively expressed in endothelium and adventitia of cerebral vasculature, resulting in augmented relaxations in response to calcium ionophore and various agonists, with a concomitant increase in cyclic guanosine monophorphate (cGMP) formation. These findings suggest that cerebral arterial tone can be functionally modulated by recombinant eNOS expression following gene transfer, which may have important clinical implications for future treatment of cerebrovascular diseases including SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm.
16 – THE ORAL PRESENTATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the preparation required for an oral presentation. Oral presentation is a difficult task simply because speakers usually tend to get bore. Excellence in professional presentations is demanded the same as in published papers. It is important to condition oneself before any oral presentation for the intensity. It is advisable to publish or hand out copies of an abstract before beginning a presentation. Many organizations publish abstracts to all presentations well before their meetings. A well-written abstract can be of great advantage because the audience listens for what the scientists have to say about the major points in that text. An abstract must be very short, or its purpose is defeated. A moderator may give a more personal introduction. Nervous mannerisms should be avoided, such as hiding hands in pockets, fiddling with objects, or unnecessary waving of a pointer. These displays are extremely distracting for the audience. The pointer, the remote control for slide advance, and a microphone should be used while speaking. The general comments on timing, organization, and review may not make a good speaker because the only way to develop the skill is to do it. Following the basic conventions for good speech making and repeatedly practicing the proper moves helps to become an accomplished speaker.
Characterization of t-loop formation by TRF2.

T-loops are thought to hide telomeres from DNA damage signaling and DSB repair pathways. T-loop formation requires the shelterin component TRF2, which represses ATM signaling and NHEJ. Here we esta...
The Visual Perception of Large-Scale Distances Outdoors.

The ability of 32 younger (ages ranged from 19 to 32 years) and older adults (ages ranged from 65 to 83 years) to visually perceive outdoor distances was evaluated; we used the method of equal-appe...
Pain and internalizing symptoms in youth with gastrointestinal conditions including recurrent abdominal pain, eosinophilic esophagitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Pain intensity, pain interference, internalizing symptoms, and quality of life (HRQOL) were explored in three symptomatically similar gastrointestinal disorders: Recurrent Abdominal Pain, Eosinophi...
Abstract 6436: A potential treatment for malignant glioblastoma: Silver nanoparticles and low-level laser combination

Glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) is a dreadful primary brain tumor characterized with extremely poor prognosis and survival rate, despite available treatments. The failure of current therapies to eliminate specific subpopulations within heterogeneous GBM has been considered a key factor contributing to the inevitable recurrence after treatments. To address this concern, it is necessary to develop novel treatments, which can kill all the GBM cells or at least convert the heterogeneous GBM population to homogeneous populations, which can be easily targeted. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ag-PMMA-PAA nanoparticles (Silver np9s) on human malignant glioma(U251) cells and Silver np9s role in combinational use with low-level He-Ne laser (632.8nm) against U251 cells.The Silver np9s were synthesized using a green chemistry approach and were then characterized using spectroscopic methods. Dose and time dependent studies revealed that the maximum killing (81%) of U251 cells occurred at 225μM Silver np9s over 6 hours. Moreover, combined HeNe laser exposure resulted in overall cell death of 92%. Western analysis suggests caspase family members, other than caspase 9, are involved in killing Silver np treated U251 cells or the combination treatment. Thus, our Silver np and low-level laser combination treatment could have a potential application in enhancing chemotherapy for malignant glioma. Citation Format: Rohini Atluri, Daniel Korir, Nishant Tyagi, Eunyoung Kim, Tae-Youl Choi, Denise P. Simmons. A potential treatment for malignant glioblastoma: Silver nanoparticles and low-level laser combination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6436.
A Metric to Compare Pixel-Wise Interpretation Methods for Neural Networks

There are various pixel-based interpretation methods such as saliency map, gradient $\times $ input, DeepLIFT, integrated-gradient- $n$ , etc. However, it is difficult to compare their performance as it involves human cognitive processes. We propose a metric that can quantify the distance from the importance scores of the interpretation methods to human intuition. We create a new dataset by adding a simple and small image, named as a stamp, to the original images. The importance scores for the deep neural networks to classify the stamped and regular images are calculated. Ideally, the pixel-based interpretation has to successfully select the stamps. Previous methods to compare different interpretation methods are useful only when the scale of the importance scores is the same. Whereas, we standardize the importance scores and define the measure to ideal scores. Our proposed method can quantitatively measure how the interpretation methods are close to human intuition.
The Relationship Between Hip Range of Motion and Pitching Kinematics Related to Increased Elbow Valgus Loads in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers: A Pilot Study

# Background Hip range of motion (ROM) during baseball pitching is associated with trunk rotation and shoulder kinematics, which has shown to influence medial elbow valgus loading and pitching performance. The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship between hip rotational ROM and kinematic variables that influence elbow valgus loads in Division 1 collegiate pitchers. # Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. # Methods Three-dimensional pitching motion (Motion Analysis Corp, Santa Rosa, California) analyses were captured for seven Division 1 baseball pitchers. Six kinematic measurements related to medial elbow valgus loading were calculated while the pitchers threw fastballs. Inclinometer measurements were used to measure hip internal (IR), external (ER) ROM, and total rotational arc at the hip (IR + ER ROM). Correlations were used to evaluate the association between hip IR, ER, and total rotational arc ROM (TRARC) and six kinematic variables. # Results Trunk angular velocity was correlated to trail hip ER and TRARC (p <0.01). Lead hip total arc ROM was associated with maximum shoulder ER (p < 0.01). Lead hip IR was correlated to elbow flexion angle at ball release (p < 0.01). # Conclusion Hip ROM during pitching is associated with trunk angular velocity, maximum shoulder ER and elbow flexion angle at ball release. Alterations in hip TRARC appears to influence trunk rotation velocity leading to dependence on increased shoulder ROM and decreased elbow flexion angle at ball release which is associated with diminished pitching performance and excessive medial elbow valgus loads. # Level of Evidence level 3
Your politeness is my impoliteness: Variable understandings of the grammar and indexical meanings of honorifics

It is often noted that usage of Japanese honorifics has been changing over the years (see, for example, Keigo no Shishin ‘Guidelines on honorifics’, Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyujo 2007), Yet, ‘average’ Japanese adults are expected to use honorifics correctly, observing their rules, or grammar. But do they all share the same understanding of honorific rules, especially given the ongoing change in usage? If they do not, why? What are its consequences? To address these questions, this study examines native speakers’ metapragmatic comments on honorifics expressed in blogs. In particular, it focuses on their understandings of grammatical categories and indexical meanings of honorifics – a topic largely understudied. The analyses show wide diversity in the interpretation of same honorific forms, including contrary interpretations concerning politeness, which is highly related to the divergent understandings of honorific categories, the ambiguity of concepts such as respect and politeness, and language ideologies that mediate honorific forms and their meanings.
Laser-heterodyne interferometry with streak camera detection

Wavefront and frequency characteristics of pulsed lasers are of interest in many applications including laser oscillator design, beam propagation, and atom–field interactions. We have used a frequency-stabilized cw ring dye laser as a local oscillator (frequency jitter <1 MHz) in an optical heterodyne interferometer to characterize a pulsed dye laser with base line pulse widths of 40–80 ns. Streak camera detection of the heterodyne interferogram enabled us to obtain both spatial and temporal information from a single pulse.
Core-Competency-with-Outsourcing Strategies in Innovative Companies

Vision, clear strategy, and balanced deployment of resources provide essential frameworks for high innovation, but they are not sufficient in themselves. Top managements in successful innovating enterprises go much further: they ensure their firms will win in competition. They see that their strategies embody: In-depth development of a few core competencies that give the company best-in-world capabilities in a few key areas critical to customers. More intellectual resources focused on these key areas than anyone else in the world. Maximum leveraging of the enterprise’s resources through alliances with and strategic outsourcing to best-in-world outside parties.
Shareholder Investment Horizons and Tax Aggressiveness

This paper examines whether the investment horizon of a firm’s institutional shareholders affects the extent of tax aggressiveness as proxied by a firm’s five-year cash effective tax rate and yearly permanent book-tax differences. Using a sample of firms with institutional ownership data from 1995-2008, we find more tax aggressiveness for firms held by short-term investors and less tax aggressiveness by firms held by long-term investors. These relations hold after the inclusion of various controls identified in prior research to affect our tax aggressiveness measures. To address the potential endogeneity problem of institutional ownership, we use instrumental variables to predict the institutional ownership variables, and find that the results are robust. Moreover, our results indicate that the effects of institutional ownership on permanent book-tax differences are generally more pronounced for firms with higher levels of cash.
Propensity score interval matching: using bootstrap confidence intervals for accommodating estimation errors of propensity scores.

Propensity score methods have become a popular tool for reducing selection bias in making causal inference from observational studies in medical research. Propensity score matching, a key component of propensity score methods, normally matches units based on the distance between point estimates of the propensity scores. The problem with this technique is that it is difficult to establish a sensible criterion to evaluate the closeness of matched units without knowing estimation errors of the propensity scores. The present study introduces interval matching using bootstrap confidence intervals for accommodating estimation errors of propensity scores. In interval matching, if the confidence interval of a unit in the treatment group overlaps with that of one or more units in the comparison group, they are considered as matched units. The procedure of interval matching is illustrated in an empirical example using a real-life dataset from the Nursing Home Compare, a national survey conducted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The empirical example provided promising evidence that interval matching reduced more selection bias than did commonly used matching methods including the rival method, caliper matching. Interval matching’s approach methodologically sounds more meaningful than its competing matching methods because interval matching develop a more “scientific” criterion for matching units using confidence intervals. Interval matching is a promisingly better alternative tool for reducing selection bias in making causal inference from observational studies, especially useful in secondary data analysis on national databases such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data.
The Bad, the Weak, and the Ugly: Avoiding the Pitfalls of Instrumental Variables Estimation

Instrumental variables estimation can, in principle, avoid biases that ordinary least squares estimation suffers when explanatory variables are correlated with the disturbances. Finding appropriate instruments is a challenge. This paper uses seven recently published empirical papers to illustrate exemplary practices in IV estimation. Nine strategies for avoiding bad instruments (those correlated with the disturbances), as well as recently developed best practices for coping with weak instruments (those little correlated with the troublesome explanatory variable), are summarized and illustrated. The ugly interpretive perils posed by heterogeneity in agents' behavioral responses to a troublesome explanator are also described and illustrated. All procedures recommended in the paper can be implemented using existing commands (some of them quite newly constructed) for one or more standard econometric packages.
Models Useful For Predicting Human Responses To The Environment: Application To Hazard Material Operations

Mathematical modeling of thermal responses allows testing of wide performance limitations in individuals exposed to environmental extremes. One important application is in the determination of hazard materials (HAZMAT) workers’ endurance times to execute a task. The simulation approach is especially important when operational settings with such individuals are restricted to finite thermal limits necessary to protect the individual. In essence, the ideal mathematical model of thermal strain (both heat and cold stress) should incorporate all essential variables active in thermoregulation. Although almost an insolvable task, a great many worthwhile models do a reliable job describing the heat balance equation. Models are quite useful in a first approach prediction of physiological effector response (sweating rate, skin blood flow, etc.), particularly when a given metabolic activity stays constant over the time of the given exposure. Early forerunners of rational thermal models employed elements of heat exchange that predict physiologic response and incorporate extensive descriptions of the passive system in terms of a steady-state bio-heat equation. In our Institute, a significant database has been collected from human experimental studies and wide clothing systems by which predictive modeling equations can be developed for individuals working in various environments. One model developed takes into consideration different clothing ensembles, varied levels of aerobic fitness in a population, and effects of progressive dehydration to heat stress/exercise. This review encompasses approaches conventionally used in both rational and operational models and presents a comparison between measured and predicted core temperature responses during exercise and environmental exposure often encountered during HAZMAT operations.
Specific Proteolysis of Human IgA by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are among the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections in otherwise healthy humans. Thirty-six strains of S. pneumoniae, 62 strains of H. influenzae, six hospital- acquired respiratory pathogens, and a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes were examined for production of IgA protease, a bacterial enzyme whose only known substrate is human IgA1. IgA protease was produced by 100% of the isolates of S. pneumoniae and 98% of the isolates of H. influenzae. The enzyme from both species cleaved human serum and secretory IgA1 proteins, but not human IgA2, IgG, or human serum albumin. None of the hospital-acquired pathogens had detectable IgA protease activity, a finding indicating that the production of this enzyme distinguishes S. pneumoniae and H. in- fluenzae from the opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus in- fluenzae are the two most common bacterial agents responsible for respiratory tract infections in otherwise healthy humans. S. pneumoniae causes 80%-90% of all human bacterial pneu-
Aligning phonetic transcriptions with their citation forms

One of the main motivations for publishing this paper is to make available a matrix of phone-distance measures which may be useful in dealing with large corpora of conversational speech. The paper reports how this matrix of phone-distances was created from transcriber labeling disagreements, and how it can be used in a dynamic time warping algorithm to align phonetic transcriptions of conversational speech with their citation forms. The weighted string edit distance produced by the phone-distance DTW algorithm may also be useful in calculating neighborhood densities for studies of auditory word recognition.
Clinical Hurdles and Possible Solutions in the Implementation of Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

From an engineering perspective, controlling blood glucose appears to be a fairly straightforward single input (glucose), single output (insulin) control problem. Unfortunately, mimicking Mother Nature turns out to be a complex endeavor. The primary hurdle in developing a useful, safe closed-loop control algorithm for an artificial pancreas is the time delays associated with current continuous glucose monitors and subcutaneously delivered insulins. This article will provide a brief history of the artificial pancreas, outline the main clinical hurdles restricting its current implementation, and list possible solutions for success.
Effects of Lumbricus terrestris L. on nitrogen dynamics beyond the burrow

The degree to which earthworms can affect the availability of plant nutrients depends on their distribution following formation in burrow soil. We conducted a mesocosm-scale laboratory experiment to test the hypothesis that anecic earthworms (those that build semi-permanent vertical burrows) can affect C and N dynamics beyond the confines of the soil immediately surrounding their burrows. Nitrate and ammonium concentrations and the rate of C mineralization were determined in burrow (defined as soil within 5 mm from the macropore wall, regardless of its origin) and bulk soil of treatments amended with Lumbricus terrestris (WORM) and in treatments containing artificial burrows (ARTF) and artificial burrows containing corn leaves (LEAF) periodically over the course of 16 weeks. Comparisons were made to soil in unamended treatments (CTRL) under two different moisture regimes, WET and DRY, during the course of the experiment. Nitrate concentration was significantly higher in WORM and LEAF bulk soil than in CTRL soil, but only under WET conditions. Differences in nitrate concentrations appeared after incubation for 5 weeks and persisted for 11 weeks. Ammonium concentration and C mineralization in bulk soil were not significantly different from CTRL soil for any of the treatments regardless of moisture regime, although values for both variables were significantly higher in burrow than in bulk soil in WORM and LEAF treatments. Anecic earthworms can enhance nitrate concentrations in soil beyond the confines of the burrow, a process that appears to be facilitated with increased soil moisture.
Long-term evaluation (12 to 22 years) of open heart surgery for tetralogy of Fallot.

Abstract Four hundred seventy-five patients underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot from 1955 to 1964; 396 of these were hospital survivors and were followed up for 12 to 22 years. An excellent late clinical result was maintained by 87 percent of the 396 hospital survivors. A less than excellent result in the remaining 13 percent of hospital survivors was caused by late mortality in 7 percent (sudden death in 3 percent, death due to cardiac causes in 2 percent and death due to noncardiac causes in 2 percent), required reoperation in 4 percent (mainly because of residual ventricular septal defect) and development of symptoms in 2 percent. Postoperative cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio greater than 0.55) was observed in 60 (25 percent) of 246 patients who had a follow-up chest roentgenogram, and was more common among those who died late or remained symptomatic. Among the few patients with inadequate surgical relief of right ventricular hypertension who did not have transanular patch repair, the hypertension did not tend to decrease progressively, whereas it did decrease in patients who had patch repair. No late sudden deaths were encountered in 20 patients shown to have postoperative right bundle branch block plus left axis deviation (bifascicular block pattern). Pulmonary valve incompetence appeared to have relatively little harmful influence on the late result, causing cardiac disability in 1 percent of the patients and appeared to be the main contributing factor of postoperative cardiomegaly in 13 (5 percent) of the 246 patients who had a follow-up chest roentgenogram. Most late deaths and complications appeared within 2 years of operation, and accelerating deterioration in late results did not occur as the follow-up extended beyond 2 decades.
Hemolymph amino acids and peptides during larval growth of the blowfly Phormia regina

Abstract 1. 1. Profiles of the blood amino acids (FAA) and related compounds of the blowfly Phormia regina have been determined during larval growth, commencing from the late second instar. 2. 2. The concentration of total FAA increases from the late second to early third instars, but gradually decreases during subsequent growth. Three broad categories of FAA differ according to whether the concentration of the components either rise and fall, progressively increase or remain about the same during larval maturation. The increment in blood FAA after acid hydrolysis progressively declines during the third instar. 3. 3. About 60 per cent of the total FAA of the late third instar is localized in the hemolymph and 40 per cent in the tissue. The distribution of individual amino acids between blood and tissues is very uneven. 4. 4. Some nineteen ninhydrin-positive acid hydrolysable compounds, nine of which have been isolated and characterized as peptides, show remarkable changes during larval growth. Already present in the hemolymph of the late second instar, their maximum concentration occurs at the early third instar and decreases rapidly thereafter. 5. 5. The blowfly peptides are of low molecular weight, neutral or basic in character, and are predominantly composed of two amino acids. Seven of the peptides contain lysine, two contain histidine and the remaining residue is either glutamic acid, aspartic acid (or the corresponding amides), β-alanine, serine, glycine, valine or isoleucine respectively.
Use of Cutaneous Flap for Continent Cystostomy (Daoud Technique)

Purpose: We present the results of a new technique using a pedicled cutaneous flap for continent cystostomy.Materials and Methods: A total of 15 boys and 8 girls (mean ± SD age 13.4 ± 6.4 years) underwent continent cystostomy for neurogenic bladder (20), bladder exstrophy (2) and sequelae of hypospadias (1) between 1999 and 2008. In this procedure a rectangular pedicled flap is surgically elevated from a hairless area on the abdomen. The flap is tubularized and passed through the anterior abdominal wall directly into the bladder. A submucosal detrusor incision is made to expose the bladder mucosa, and the distal part of the flap is anastomosed to the bladder mucosa in a circular manner. The tube is positioned along the incised detrusor, which is closed over. Viability of the flap, self-catheterization management and continence status are then evaluated.Results: Mean ± SD followup was 4.5 ± 3.1 years. There was 1 case of distal necrosis of the flap, which required a secondary surgery using the Mitrofanoff ...
Observations of the CO bulge on Venus and implications for mesospheric winds

Observations of CO at 2.6 mm (115.27 GHz) were made with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) millimeter interferometer in 1986 and 1988, yielding high-quality disk-resolved spectra which were inverted to determine the CO mixing ratio profile from distinct regions on the disk, allowing us to map the distribution of CO in the upper mesosphere of Venus both horizontally and vertically. The 1986 observations were of the morning terminator and were particularly useful in searching for a suspected CO maximum ('bulge') on the nightside. The resulting CO mixing ratio profiles were mapped for various altitudes as functions of latitude and local time, and we report that we have resolved the previously inferred CO bulge. The bulge increases in magnitude from a small day-night variation at 90 km to an extensive nightside peak at 100 km, the upper limit of our observations. The peak bulge-to-dayside ratio approached 20-30 at 100 km in 1986 and may have been as large as 50-100, assuming late-afternoon CO abundances found in 1988 were similar to those in 1986. Three-dimensional mapping shows that in the upper mesosphere the bulge was displaced from local midnight toward the morning equator, centered at 3:30 AM local time. Using the qualitative model of mesospheric circulation on Venus proposed by Clancy and Muhleman (1985, 1991), we explain this shift in terms of strong retrograde zonal winds throughout the mesosphere, matching the directly detected mesospheric circulation (Shah, K., D. O. Muhleman, and G. L. Berge 1991) observed with the same dataset in 1988.
Structure of concentrated microemulsions studied by small-angle neutron scattering

Invited paper Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to determine the structure of concentrated AOT (sodium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate)-water-decane microemulsions containing equal volumes of water and oil. The preferred curvature of the interracial film toward water is demonstrated by performing a contrast variation experiment, and observing the extrapolated zero-angle scattering intensity. Each spectrum exhibits a SANS peak position that is a strong function of the surfactant concentration. These spectra are consistent with an ordered droplet phase, as opposed to a bicontinuous structure. The peak position can be used to determine the microemulsion droplet size. The droplet radius, used in conjunction with the contrast variation results, provides an estimate of the interracial film thickness.
Transportation Energy Conservation Policy: Implications for Social Science Research

This paper examines the role that social science research plays in Federal transportation energy conservation policy; assesses the current forms and degrees of consideration of social issues in transportation energy conservation policy; and identifies additional contributions that the social sciences could make toward achieving energy conservation goals. The analysis begins with transportation energy consumption figures. It then discusses conventional techniques used to develop transportation energy conservation policy, provides an assessment of the implications of these conventional techniques, and finally, examines certain case studies to identify roles that the social sciences could play in transportation energy conservation policy. The conclusions reached include: that energy conservation policy does not consider psychological factors underlying mechanical economic realities except as evidenced by market responses to rising energy prices and other economic measures; that transportation and energy philosophy, analytical tools, and interpretive techniques do not allow for consideration of social and behavioral issues; that energy problems are causing a shift in the nature of the U.S. transportation system; and, that there is a serious need for government to identify, analyze and understand the psychological and sociological forces affected when national transportation/energy conservation policy is charted.
Cytotoxic targeting of isolectin IB4-binding sensory neurons

The isolectin I-B4 (IB4) binds specifically to a subset of small sensory neurons. We used a conjugate of IB4 and the toxin saporin to examine in vivo the contribution of IB4-binding sensory neurons to nociception. A single dose of the conjugate was injected unilaterally into the sciatic nerve of rats. The treatment resulted in a permanent selective loss of IB4-binding neurons as indicated by histological analysis of dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and skin from treated animals. Behavioral measurements showed that 7-10 days after the injection, conjugate-treated rats had elevated thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds. However, 21 days post-treatment the nociceptive thresholds returned to baseline levels. These results demonstrate the utility of the IB4-saporin conjugate as a tool for selective cytotoxic targeting and provide behavioral evidence for the role of IB4-binding neurons in nociception. The decreased sensitivity to noxious stimuli associated with the loss of IB4-binding neurons indicates that these sensory neurons are essential for the signaling of acute pain. Furthermore, the unexpected recovery of nociceptive thresholds suggests that the loss of IB4-binding neurons triggers changes in the processing of nociceptive information, which may represent a compensatory mechanism for the decreased sensitivity to acute pain.
Computer Vision and Art

As a scientific researcher interested in computer vision and art, the author spent the last seven years working with David Hockney, an artist of whom a respected source writes that "his drawings and etchings are amongst the deftest of this century; posterity may well acclaim him the greatest of modern portraitists". Together, Hockney and the author have proposed and provided supporting evidence for a hypothesis, controversial in the art history world, that optical projections were used as aids in making paintings as early as c. 1425. In David Stork's recent three-part series, he uses our findings as a sounding board for discussing his own research on computer vision and art. Briefly, his premise is that his research shows there are alternatives to our optical projection hypothesis that explain the data just as well. In this article the author shows serious errors with Stork's research described in his three-part series. He also clarifies the hypothesis that he and Hockney have actually proposed
Microarray Analysis of Defective Cartilage in Hoxc8- and Hoxd4-Transgenic Mice

OBJECTIVE Homeobox genes of the Hox class are required for proper patterning of skeletal elements and play a role in cartilage differentiation. In transgenic mice with overexpression of Hoxc8 and Hoxd4 during cartilage development, the authors observed severe defects, namely, physical instability of cartilage, accumulation of immature chondrocytes, and decreased maturation to hypertrophy. To define the molecular basis underlying these defects, the authors performed gene expression profiling using the Affymetrix microarray platform. RESULTS Primary chondrocytes were isolated from Hoxc8- and Hoxd4-transgenic mouse embryo rib cartilage at 18.5 days of gestation. In both cases, differentially expressed genes were identified that have a role in cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. A comparison between the controls for both experimental groups did not reveal significant differences, as expected. However, the repertoires of differentially expressed genes were found not to overlap between Hoxc8- and Hoxd4-transgenic cartilage. This included different Wnt genes, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulators. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Hoxc8 and Hoxd4 transcription factors alters transcriptional profiles in chondrocytes at E18.5. The differences in repertoires of altered gene expression between the 2 transgenic conditions suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying the cartilage defects may be different in both transgenic paradigms, despite apparently similar phenotypes.
Social intensity syndrome: The development and validation of the social intensity syndrome scale

Abstract Social intensity syndrome (SIS) is a new term coined to describe the effects military culture has on the socialization of both active soldiers and veterans. Through literature reviews, interviews, and ideas generated by {author’s name} SIS model, a questionnaire was created to measure the unexplored psychological phenomenon that is reported in the present paper. An exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and validity tests were used to provide robust evidence for SIS as an index of a fundamental psychological construct of measuring military socialization. This scale promises to offer a glimpse into the military community to gain better insight and understanding about both positive and negative effects that military culture can have while serving, and later as a veteran.
Challenges with the development and approval of pharmaceuticals for fish.

With an increase in consumer recognition of the health benefits associated with seafood consumption, the volume of fisheries and aquaculture products consumed by the average American is expected to rise. With a concomitant expectation for high-quality products, aquaculture is likely to become a greater source of consumed fish. As the US aquaculture industry grows, so does the need to provide veterinary services. As with any intensive farming system, appropriate medications are needed to maintain animal health and to manage fish populations. This article introduces some of the challenges associated with drug approvals for aquatic species and describes how the process of development and regulation of drugs for use in aquatic animals differs from that associated with uses in terrestrial species.
Static intervortex forces

A point particle approximation to the classical dynamics of well-separated vortices of the Abelian Higgs model is developed. A static vortex is asymptotically identical to a solution of the linearized field theory (a Klein-Gordon-Proca theory) in the presence of a singular point source at the vortex center. It is shown that this source is a composite scalar monopole and magnetic dipole, and the respective charges are determined numerically for various values of the coupling constant. The interaction potential of two well-separated vortices is computed by calculating the interaction Lagrangian of two such point sources in the linear theory. The potential is used to model type II vortex scattering.
Syntactic features and synonymy relations: a unified treatment of some proofs of the compactness and interpolation theorems

This paper introduces the notion of syntactic feature to provide a unified treatment of earlier model theoretic proofs of both the compactness and interpolation theorems for a variety of two valued logics including sentential logic, first order logic, and a family of modal sentential logic includingM,B,S 4 andS 5. The compactness papers focused on providing a proof of the consequence formulation which exhibited the appropriate finite subset. A unified presentation of these proofs is given by isolating their essential feature and presenting it as an abstract principle about syntactic features. The interpolation papers focused on exhibiting the interpolant. A unified presentation of these proofs is given by isolating their essential feature and presenting it as a second abstract principle about syntactic features. This second principle reduces the problem of exhibiting the interpolant to that of establishing the existence of a family of syntactic features satisfying certain conditions. The existence of such features is established for a variety of logics (including those mentioned above) by purely combinatorial arguments.
A commentary on the pluralistic goals, logics of action, and institutional contexts of translational team science

Teams have emerged as a pivotal form for organizing science efforts. Team goals and issues such as goal alignment are generally considered to be essential to team success. However, given the interdisciplinary and pluralistic goals associated with translational science, team goals become a challenging area for studies that cannot be reconciled without attention to the broader institutional contexts of translational teams. In this commentary, we draw attention to how different goals in team science can be rooted in the broader institutional context and associated logics of action. For the science of team science (SciTS) to impact practice, it is imperative that we be clear about the logic of team goals and their relation to preferred patterns of organizing. We conclude with a reflection on how contextual issues should be at the foreground of SciTS along with the other important issues of team science.
Effects of baclofen and phaclofen on receptive field properties of rat whisker barrel neurons

Extracellular single-unit recordings were made in somatosensory cortical barrels of fentanyl-sedated rats. Whiskers were deflected singly or in paired combinations. lontophoretically-applied (−)-baclofen disproportionately reduced weak responses, and phaclofen disproportionately increased them, resulting in more tightly focused or more broadly focused receptive fields, respectively. Both drugs had only minor effects on surround inhibition. In light of previous findings, we conclude that GABAA and GABAB mechanisms both act to enhance spatial contrast, but that the former plays a much greater role in enhancing temporal resolution.