cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative quantification of rat brain and pituitary angiotensin-converting enzyme with autoradiographic and enzymatic methods

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, kininase II, EC 3.4.15.1) was quantified in selected areas of the rat brain by 3 different methods. The enzyme activity was quantified by an enzymatic assay in homogenates of discrete brain areas with the use of the artificial substrate hippuryl-His-Leu-[14C]glycine. Binding of the specific ACE inhibitor [125I]351A was quantified after incubation of thin brain sections followed by quantitative autoradiography with comparison to [125I]standards. The antigenic sites of the enzyme were quantified by immunoautoradiography, using a polyclonal antibody to ACE in combination with [125I]protein A followed by quantitative autoradiography. There was a good correlation between the ACE activity, as determined by the quantitative enzymatic method, and both the enzyme inhibitor binding and the [125I]protein A binding, as determined by quantitative autoradiography, in brain areas and in anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland. The present data demonstrate that ACE activity and ACE binding can be quantified in discrete tissue areas with different methods in a variety of conditions and with a high degree of accuracy.
Penoplasty for buried penis in children: report of 50 cases.

Abstract Purpose: The authors report their experience with a large number of children with buried penis and describe their surgical technique. Methods: Fifty consecutive cases of buried penis that occurred between 1993 and 1999 were analyzed by chart review. Age at the time of surgery was 11 months to 13 years. Each patient underwent elective surgical repair utilizing a surgical technique not described previously. The authors' technique avoids a circumferential incision at the base of the penis, decreasing postoperative edema. The authors also utilize a unique through and through vertical mattress suture at the base of the penis that firmly attaches the shaft skin to the underlying corpora. Results: All patients had a good to excellent outcome with a low postoperative complication rate. One patient fell during the postoperative period and developed a wound dehiscence. Early in the series 3 patients underwent additional procedures for recurrent retraction (6%). All patients experienced some postoperative discomfort as expected. Edema, when present, was mild and resolved within an acceptable period of time. All patients had a good cosmetic result with increased visualization of the penile shaft. Conclusions: A surgical approach to the buried penis is warranted in most circumstances. There are psychological benefits to both the patients and the parents. Although the authors perform the procedure as early as 11 months, it can be performed safely at 3 months. The procedure reported here provides immediate excellent cosmetic results with a low complication rate. The authors do not recommend suprapubic lipectomy either alone or in combination with the buried penis procedure. Circumcision should be avoided in an infant with a definite diagnosis of buried penis. J Pediatr Surg 36:421-425. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Properties of digital images in radiology

The use of digital images in radiology has become widespread and will likely becoem universal within radiology departments in the near future. Therefore, radiologists must be conversant with properties of digital images including spatial and contrast resolution and their implications in terms of their requirements in viewing and interpreting such images.
Interferons as gene activators: close linkage of two interferon-activatable murine genes

Abstract Previously we have identified a mouse genomic clone (clone 5) which specifies the 5′ flanking region and the 5′ terminal axon of an interferon-activatable gene (202 gene). Here, we show that about 5 kb upstream from this flanking region in clone 5 there occurs a 3′ terminal region of a second interferon-activatable gene (203 gene). The two genes are transcribed in the same direction. Segments from the 203 gene can be hybridized to a set of five interferon-inducible RNAs. The 203 mRNAs are induced about 15-fold in interferon-treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
Wall pressure fluctuations in the reattachment region of a supersonic free shear layer

A study was made of the wall pressure fluctuations in the reattachment region of a supersonic free shear layer. The free shear layer was formed by the separation of a Mach 2.9 turbulent boundary layer from a backward facing step. Reattachment occurred on a 20° ramp. By adjusting the position of the ramp, the base pressure at the step was set equal to the freestream pressure, and the free shear layer formed in the absence of any turning. An array of flush-mounted, miniature, high-frequency pressure transducers was used in the vicinity of the reattachment region to make multichannel measurements of the fluctuating wall pressure. Contrary to previous observations of this flow, the reattachment region was found to be highly unsteady, and the pressure fluctuations were found to be large. The overall behavior of the wall pressure loading is similar in scale and magnitude to the unsteadiness of the wall pressure field in compression ramp flows at the same Mach number. Rayleigh scattering was used to visualize the instantaneous shock structure in the streamwise and spanwise direction. Spanwise “wrinkles” on the order of half the boundary layer thickness were observed on the shock sheet.
Pregnancy Among Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Imatinib

Purpose Imatinib has potential teratogenicity in animals, but the effect of exposure to imatinib during conception and pregnancy in humans is not known. Patients and Methods The records of all patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with imatinib were reviewed. We report the experience on 19 pregnancies involving 18 patients (10 females and eight males) who conceived while receiving imatinib for the treatment of CML. Results All female patients discontinued therapy immediately on recognition of pregnancy. Three pregnancies (involving two female patients and one male patient) ended in spontaneous abortion, and one patient had an elective abortion. All other pregnancies were uneventful. Two of the 16 babies had minor abnormalities at or shortly after birth (hypospadias in one baby and rotation of small intestine in one baby) that were surgically repaired. All babies have continued normal growth and development. Among female patients who interrupted therapy, five of nine in complete hematologic ...
Comparative performance measures of fuzzy ARTMAP, learned vector quantization, and back propagation for handwritten character recognition

The authors compare the performance of fuzzy ARTMAP with that of learned vector quantization and backpropagation on a handwritten character recognition task. Training with fuzzy ARTMAP to a fixed criterion used many fewer epochs. Voting with fuzzy ARTMAP yielded the highest recognition rates. >
Issues in modeling thermal alterations in tissues.

Thermal injury in living tissues is commonly modeled as a rate process in which cell death is interpreted to occur as a function of a single kinetic process. Experimental data indicate that multiple rate processes govern the manifestation of injury and that these processes may act over a broad spectrum of time domains. Injury is typically computed as a dimensionless function (omega) of the temperature time history via an Arrhenius relationship to which numerical values are assigned based on defined threshold levels of damage. However, important issues central to calculation and interpretation of the omega function remain to be defined. These issues include the following: how is temperature identified in time and space within a tissue exposed to thermal stress; what is the biophysical and physiological meaning of a quantitative value for omega; how can omega be quantified in an experimental system; how should omega be scaled between graded levels of injury; and what are the differences in injury kinetics between unit volume- and unit surface area-governed processes of energy deposition into tissue to cause thermal stress? This paper addresses these issues with the goal of defining a more rigorous and comprehensive standard for modeling thermal injury in tissues. Language: en
Measurement of atmospheric oxygen using long-path supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy

The concentration of atmospheric oxygen is measured over a 540-m path using supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy. The absorption data compared favorably with MODTRAN™ 5 simulations of the spectra after adjusting for the differences of index of refrac- tion of air and matching the instrument spectral resolution, as described by the effective slit width. Good agreement with the expected atmospheric oxygen concentration is obtained using a previously developed multiwavelength maximum likelihood estimation inversion algo- rithm. This study demonstrates the use of the SAS technique for measuring concentrations of chemical species with fine absorption structure on long-atmospheric paths. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or repro- duction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. (DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083557) The supercontinuum source is a broadband spatially coherent photon emitter. We show that this source can be used to detect and characterize atmospheric constituents over a long path by meas- uring the spectra over a range of wavelengths. This source serves as an important alternative to frequency agile and tunable lasers, broadband incoherent sources, or the use of multiple single- wavelength lasers. Researchers have previously shown that the white light from ultrashort terawatt femtosecond pulses can be used to quantify the concentration of various atmospheric species using remotely generated plasma. 1,2 The same approach was also used to characterize aerosols along a path by monitoring the intensity variations of the scattering phase function for a range of backscattering angles. 3,4 Earlier approaches, often referred to as differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), employed lamps or lasers to make horizontal path absorption measurements. 5-9 Tomographic routines analogous to those developed through the work of Hashmonay and Yost 10 and Price 11 can then be employed to retrieve a range-resolved component
APPLICATIONS OF THE MONTE CARLO CODE TRIPOS TO SURFACE AND BULK ION TRANSPORT PROBLEMS

Abstract A general dynamic Monte Carlo ion transport code, TRIPOS (TRansport of Ions in Polyatomic Solids) is used in this work. The TRIPOS code uses both power-law cross sections and a newly developed solution to the scattering integral for treatment of large-angle nuclear collisions. Small-angle nuclear collisions and electronic stopping are described as a continuous energy loss in between large-angle ion-atom collisions. Applications of TRIPOS to surface, bulk, and deep penetration problems in multilayer polyatomic media are given.
Ferroelectrics as a versatile solid state platform for integrated optics

Abstract A high speed electro-optic scanner is demonstrated on a ferroelectric LiTaO3 crystal. The scanner shows a deflection of 39.5 mrad/kV, 13 resolvable spots per kV, and shows no degradation of performance upto 10MHz of driving field. Integration of the scanner with quasi-phase-matched frequency doublers and lenses is discussed.
Surface Cold Pools in the Outer Rainbands of Tropical Storm Hanna (2008) Near Landfall

Surface mesonet observations were used to document the structure of prominent cold pools associated with twoconvectiveouterrainbandsofTropicalStormHannaon5September2008.Thedevelopingrainbandswere located ;400 kmnorth ofthestormcenterastheycrossedtheCarolinacoastlineandpassedover themesonet. The combination of moderate CAPE, moderate low-level cross-band vertical shear, and dry midlevel air provided an environment supportive of surface cold pool formation and long-lived quasi-linear convection. Both rainbands exhibited multiple outward-tilting convective cells and discrete line segments centered within a narrow zone of nearly continuous stratiform precipitation. The mesonet observations provided a unique along- and cross-band perspective of discrete cold pools situated beneath andbehind the convection portions of each rainband.Prominentcold pools extended 40‐80 km behind the rainband’s leading edge and exhibited maximum potential temperature, mixing ratio, and equivalentpotentialtemperaturedeficitsof2‐4 K,1‐2 g kg 21 ,and4‐10 K,respectively.Inthecross-banddirection, convergence of storm-relative inflow along the cold pool leading edge was coincident with a modest high pressure anomaly, while inflow divergence prevailed through the cold pool and rainfall maxima. Several cold pools expanded along-band while being advected downband by the prevailing cyclonic flow. Cold pool wakes were observed more than 50 km behind the rainband leading edge and up to 20 km downband from intense convection.Variations in cold pool intensitywerenotwell correlated with convectiveintensity, rainfallrate,or the degree of midlevel dryness. Implications of prominent cold pools on tropical cyclone convection, size, and intensity are discussed.
Stability and Gradient Dynamical Systems

The objective in these notes is to present an approach to dynamical systems in infinite dimensions. It does not seem reasonable to make a comparison of all of the orbits of the dynamics of two systems on non locally compact infinite dimensional spaces. Therefore, we choose to compare them on the set of globally defined bounded solutions. Fundamental problems are posed and several important results are stated when this set is compact. We then give results on the dynamical system which will ensure that this set is compact. Many applications are give to partial dierential equations of parabolic and hyperbolic type as well as functional dierential equations.
Intelligent Constant Current Control for Resistance Spot Welding

Resistance spot welding is one of the primary means of joining sheet metal in the automotive industry and other industries. The demand for improved corrosion resistance has led the automotive industry to increasingly use zinc coated steel in auto body construction. One of the major concerns associated with welding coated steel is the mushrooming effect (the increase in the electrode diameter due to deposition of copper into the spot surface) resulting in reduced current density and undersized welds (cold welds). The most common approach to this problem is based on the use of simple unconditional incremental algorithms (steppers) for preprogrammed current scheduling. In this paper, an intelligent algorithm is proposed for adjusting the amount of current to compensate for the electrodes degradation. The algorithm works as a fuzzy logic controller using a set of engineering rules with fuzzy predicates that dynamically adapt the secondary current to the state of the weld process. The state is identified by indirectly estimating two of the main process characteristics - weld quality and expulsion rate. A soft sensor for indirect estimation of the weld quality employing a learning vector quantization (LVQ) type classifier is designed to provide a real time approximate assessment of the weld nugget diameter. Another soft sensing algorithm is applied to predict the impact of changes in current on the expulsion rate of the weld process. By maintaining the expulsion rate just below a minimal acceptable level, robust process control performance and satisfactory weld quality are achieved. The intelligent constant current control for resistance spot welding is implemented and validated on a medium frequency direct current (MFDC) constant current weld controller. Results demonstrate a substantial improvement of weld quality and reduction of process variability due to the proposed new control algorithm.
Longitudinal Examination of the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model in Middle-Aged Women

This 2-year prospective study examined the exercise and self-esteem model in middle-aged women (N = 143) previously enrolled in a randomized controlled exercise trial. Across the 2-year period, increases in physical activity (PA) and self-efficacy and reductions in body mass index (BMI) were associated with improved subdomain self-perceptions relative to physical condition, and reductions in BMI were associated with improved subdomain self-perceptions relative to physical condition and body attractiveness. The effects of PA, self-efficacy, and BMI on changes in physical self-worth and global self-esteem were mediated by changes in self-perceptions relative to physical condition and body attractiveness. The results of this longitudinal analysis support the hierarchical and multidimensional structure of self-esteem and indicate that middle-aged women can enhance how they perceive their condition and body attractiveness by continued participation in physical activity, increasing their self-efficacy, and maintaining healthy BMI levels.
Wavelet-based hyperspectral image estimation

In this paper, we present a novel DFT- and wavelet-based estimation scheme for hyperspectral imagery. Optimal hyperspectral image estimation relies on the ability to decorrelate the signal in both space and channel at the cost of requiring second-order signal statistics. This statistical requirement is removed by the proposed estimator, which approximately decorrelates the signal in space using a 2D discrete wavelet transform and in channel using a discrete Fourier transform. In addition to allowing extremely efficient estimation, the proposed estimator vastly improves visual quality and yields typical signal-to-noise ratio gains of over 14 dB.
Vaccine safety activists on the Internet.

(2002). Vaccine safety activists on the Internet. Expert Review of Vaccines: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 249-252.
Bleeding Outcomes in Patients Given Clopidogrel Within 5 Days of Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Procedure

Background: Current guidelines recommend that clopidogrel should be held for 5 days prior to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. However, it is unknown if this recommendation should apply to robotic-assisted (rCABG), which is less invasive because it does not involve sternotomy and thus reduces the risk of bleeding. Objective: To compare postoperative bleeding for rCABG patients who were taking clopidogrel within 5 days of the procedure with those who were not taking clopidogrel. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012 of consecutive patients undergoing rCABG. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on whether or not clopidogrel was administered within 5 days prior to the date of surgery. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) definition for CABG-related bleeding. The secondary outcome measure was a comparison of chest tube output during the first 24-hour postoperativ...
Optimal Allocation of Redundancy Between Packet-Level Erasure Coding and Physical-Layer Channel Coding in Fading Channels

For a block-fading channel, this paper optimizes the allocation of redundancy between packet-level erasure coding (which provides additional packets to compensate for packet loss) and physical layer channel coding (which lowers the probability of packet loss). After some manipulation, standard optimization techniques determine the trade-off between the amount of packet-level erasure coding and physical-layer channel coding that minimizes the transmit power required to provide reliable communication. Our results indicate that the optimal combination of packet-level erasure coding and physical-layer coding provides a significant benefit over pure physical-layer coding when no form of channel diversity is present within a packet transmission. However, the benefit of including packet-level erasure coding diminishes as more diversity becomes available within a packet transmission. Even with no diversity within a packet transmission, this paper shows that as the total redundancy becomes large the optimal redundancy for packet-level erasure coding reaches a limit while the optimal redundancy for physical-layer coding continues to increase. Hence providing limitless redundancy at the packet-level with rateless codes such as fountain codes is not the best use of limitless redundancy for block-fading channels.
Adaptation of a video game controller for use by a quadriplegic incorporating real-time speech processing

All modern video entertainment systems require a coordinated, dexterous input on a control pad for gameplay. Our client was a quadriplegic and lacked the ability to interact with the games that he wished to play. We improved the interface to the video game console to maximize his achievable movement and reduce the need for unachievable movement. Since he was capable of all voice and shoulder manipulation, we re-routed button and joystick controls to accommodate them as inputs. Most of the button inputs were manifested from voice recognition because of the broad spectrum of tones and timing available. The remaining inputs were assigned to shoulder motion, including the joystick. Our primary goal is that this interface will allow most games to be played effectively.
Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Brake and Argon Gas Injection on the Three-dimensional Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Slab Continuous Casting Mold

A 3-D mathematical model has been developed to study the multiphase phenomena of magnetic field, flow field and temperature distribution of molten steel and inclusion behaviour, considering the coupled effects of electromagnetic brake (EMBR) and argon gas injection in the slab continuous casting mold with high casting speed. The effects of EMBR and argon gas injection on the flow and temperature of molten steel and inclusion removal rate have been investigated. Simulation results indicate that EMBR can slow down the flow velocity of molten steel effectively, especially near the meniscus; the areas of upper and lower re-circulation zones are reduced and temperature distribution of molten steel is more uniform and the temperature gradient is reduced; but it has no helpful for the removal of small inclusions. The argon gas injection can increase the molten steel flow up tendency in the upper re-circulation area duo to the buoyancy effect of ascending argon gas bubbles near the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and be in favour of the floating up of inclusion particles, and temperature in the upper re-circulation zone increases. The increasing of argon gas flow rate results in a stronger vortex flow zone near the free surface, especially near the SEN and easily forms a secondary eddy flow with EMBR, which impacts the fluctuation of free surface and the slag entrapment. The double action of EMBR and argon gas injection can further increase the temperature in the upper re-circulation zone, especially near the meniscus, and the floating up rate of inclusions are also improved and the inclusions to be trapped into solidified shell is reduced.
Rater Involvement as a Moderator of Performance Cues and Leader Behavior Descriptions

A laboratory experiment involving 144 student subjects was con ducted to examine the effects of performance cues on descriptions of leader behavior. The concept of involvement, operationalized in a two-dimensional manner, was invoked in order to create varying vantage points (observation versus participation)from which subjects would view leader behavior. Split-plot analysis of variance demon strated an attribution effect in that the presence of performance cues directly affected subject descriptions of leader initiating structure and consideration. Subject involvement directly affected only subject ratings of consideration. Analysis of interaction effects showed per formance data to be a more salient cue for uninvolved observers than for involved participants.
Speciation of some triphenyltin compounds in estuarine sediments using mössbauer spectroscopy

The speciation of several triphenyltin compounds, i.e. triphenyltin hydroxide, acetate, chloride and fluoride, was studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy in both anaerobic and aerobic estuarine sediments. The results indicated that triphenyltin hydroxide and acetate were converted to the triphenyltin cation, the species that interacts with the sediments. However, both triphenyltin fluoride and chloride remained in their molecular form in their interaction with the sediments.
Cellular nonlinear network based on semiconductor tunneling structure with a self-assembled quantum dot layer

We study the realization of an original cellular nonlinear network (CNN) using a semiconductor tunneling structure. The elementary logic cell of the proposed CNN consists of a couple of resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) connected in series through a quantum dot. The local interconnections between the nano-cells are achieved via the tunneling in the quantum dot layer. The use of tunneling effects for interconnection resolves the problem of nano-wiring and allows us to enhance the network's computing abilities (realize a number of logic functions in one module). Based on approximate tunneling characteristics, examples of image processing are simulated.
EFFECT OF EXCHANGEABLE BASES ON TORSION PROPERTIES OF CLAYS

Torsion properties of a plastic fire clay, a ball clay, two flint fire clays, a bentonite, and Georgia kaolin were studied. The effect of exchangeable bases on the surface of the clay particles on stress-strain relationships was established. The widest differences, in general, were found in the sodium and hydrogen forms of the various bodies. A rational explanation of the behavior of clays with different exchangeable bases lies in the fact that their colloidal natures govern to a large degree their workable characteristics, and colloidal properties, in turn, are dependent on the water film surrounding the particle. The nature of the water film is influenced by the kind and the nature of the charges in the ion atmosphere surrounding the particles and may be changed by replacing an exchangeable base with another cation.
Aïnous de Tokyo : une nouvelle géographie politique autochtone au Japon ?

Historiquement, au Japon, les mesures politiques concernant les Ainous ont toujours ete restreintes au territoire d’Hokkaidō. Toutefois, en reconnaissant officiellement les Ainous en tant que peuple autochtone du nord du Japon et de ses environs en 2008, le gouvernement a pris la decision sans precedent – et pourtant souvent negligee – d’inclure les Ainous residant hors du territoire d’Hokkaidō dans l’elaboration d’une politique nationale ainoue. Cet article expose le role qu’a joue le mouvement politique ainou a Tokyo au cours des quatre dernieres decennies, dans une campagne visant l’egalite des droits des Ainous independamment de leur lieu de residence. Il aborde egalement les politiques trop bien connues qui sous-tendent la reconnaissance du peuple ainou ; reconnaissance qui promettait beaucoup plus que ce que le gouvernement n’avait l’intention d’accomplir.
Chlordiazepoxide-Induced Spatial Learning Deficits: Dose-Dependent Differences Following Prenatal Malnutrition

The sensitivity of prenatally protein-malnourished rats to the amnestic properties of the benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor agonist, chlordiazepoxide (CDP), was studied in the male offspring of rats provided with a protein-deficient diet (6% casein) for 5 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. Rats were tested during acquisition of the submerged platform version of the Morris water maze task using three systemic doses of CDP (3.2, 5.6, and 7.5 mg/kg IP) at two ages (day 30 and day 90). At 30 days, prenatally malnourished rats showed less sensitivity to the amnestic effect of the 5.6-mg/kg dose when compared with well-nourished controls by displaying shorter swim paths during acquisition and a more selective search of the target quadrant upon removal of the platform (probe trial). At 90 days, prenatally malnourished rats again showed less sensitivity to CDP at a dose of 5.6 mg/kg, but more sensitivity to the 3.2-mg/kg dose (indicated on the probe trial). No obvious relationship was identified between the nutritional group differences in behavioral sensitivity to CDP at 90 days and their BZ receptor density in the hippocampus or medial septum. It can be concluded that prenatal malnutrition alters the amnestic response to CDP in a dose-dependent and developmentally specific manner, thus providing further support for functional changes within the GABAergic system subsequent to malnutrition.
Oversampled Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Oversampled A/D converters provide a means of trading bandwidth for improved amplitude resolution. In this chapter, we present a photonic implementation of an oversampling A/D converter based on MQW modulators. We begin by reviewing the functionality necessary to implement an error diffusion-type oversampling modulator. In Sect. 6.2 we present both interferometric and noninterferometric approaches to the implementation of the optical oversampled modulator and discuss advantages and disadvantages of each. We then present options for both electronic postprocessing and optical postprocessing in Sect. 6.3 and then summarize the findings for the photonic-based oversampling A/D converter. In Sect. 6.4 nonidealities such as arithmetic errors, non-white quantization noise, and stage-to-stage mismatch errors are evaluated both analytically and using a mixed-signal simulation program. Finally, in Sect. 6.5 the results of an experimental demonstration of a first-order photonic error diffusion modulator are presented.
Program-Led, Guided Self-Help Interventions: Developing the Role of the 'Coach'

In the June issue of Psychotherapy, Newman, Przeworski, Consoli, and Taylor present a study on the use of a palmtop computer-assisted therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)(Newman et al., 2014). This novel evaluation of the efficiency of coupling a computer program with face-to-face Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was the culmination of questions that began percolating in the early 1990s: How can we deliver therapy in a more cost-effective and accessible way? The current paper talks about future research directions in this area.
A Glossary of Records Terminology: Scope and Definitions

than two centuries ago Samuel Johnson, the famous lexicographer, complained that among the unhappy mortals "exposed to censure, without hope of praise' ' is the writer of dictionaries. It is the fate of such a mortal, Johnson contended, to be considered by mankind "not as the pupil, but the slave of science, the pioneer of literature, doomed only to remove rubbish and clear obstructions from the paths through which Learning and Genius press forward to conquest and glory, without bestowing a smile on the humble drudge that facilitates their progress."1 The fate of a compiler of a glossary may be somewhat similarly unhappy, since he is in fact a writer of a partial dictionary designed to serve the interests of a special group. The possibly inglorious work of a glossarist can be invaluable to a professional group. Over the years members of such a group develop principles, policies, and procedures based upon their steadily varying experience and broadening research. This development is made through the efforts of many men and organizations in widely separated places. It involves the testing of new ideas and methods and their dissemination in publications and conferences. It tends to create new terms in an attempt to find a concise and readily understood medium to express its increasing complexity. Under these circumstances the resultant vocabulary of the professional group is often highly localized and largely unfixed and uncrystallized. Different persons may use the same term to express different ideas or different terms to express the same ideas. Usages may vary widely in different parts of the country and from country to country. Moreover, in a new profession distinctive elements may not be recognized or may lack appropriate terminology. The result, therefore, is often confusion in the use of terms, which produces confusion in planning and execution of work. Elimination of such confusion may well rest importantly upon the compilation of a suitable glossary for the profession. In the task of complication several considerations are vital. To begin with, there should be a determination of the scope of the glossary based upon the needs of the group or groups for whom it is intended. The groups could be national and international. Several years ago the emi-
Bayesian Shape Clustering

Curve clustering is an important fundamental problem in biomedical applications involving clustering protein sequences or cell shapes in microscopy images. Existing model-based clustering techniques rely on simple probability models that are not generally valid for analyzing shapes of curves. In this chapter, we talk about an efficient Bayesian method to cluster curve data using a carefully chosen metric on the shape space. Rather than modeling the infinite-dimensional curves, we focus on modeling a summary statistic which is the inner product matrix obtained from the data. The inner-product matrix is modeled using a Wishart with parameters with carefully chosen hyperparameters which induce clustering and allow for automatic inference on the number of clusters. Posterior is sampled through an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure based on the Chinese restaurant process. This method is demonstrated on a variety of synthetic data and real data examples on protein structure analysis.
Temperature and relative humidity requirements of species of Penicillium isolated from yellow dent corn kernels.

Temperature and moisture requirements for germination of conidia and growth on agar were determined for 14 species of Penicillium isolated from corn kernels. Species isolated mainly from unharveste...
The New Deal and the States: Roosevelt versus the Byrd Organization in Virginia

In The New Deal and the States James T. Patterson observes that the New Deal worked little change on state government during the 1930s. Potentially, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's most effective tool for promoting such change was federal patronage, dispensed selectively to strengthen pro-New Deal forces and weaken conservatives. Roosevelt, however, usually followed a less contentious course, accommodating dominant power structures in state politics whether they sympathized with the New Deal or not. But according to Patterson, grass-roots conservatism and resistance to centralization would have doomed any serious federal effort to liberalize the states in any case. Conservative officeholders, attitudes, and institutions were too thoroughly ensconced at the state level to be influenced or dislodged, a circumstance justifying Roosevelt's expediency. Such "satraps" as "the Byrd machine in Virginia," Patterson writes, were so ''strongly entrenched" with the voters that they I"were invulnerable to threats of loss of patronage."'' A contrary interpretation has been offered by another eminent New Deal scholar, the political scientist James MacGregor Burns. His exemplary biography, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, contends that Roosevelt failed to seize real opportunities at the state level. The president was too tentative, too expedient, too calculating, too anxious to avoid confrontation-too often the fox and too seldom the lion. Burns recognizes impressive "forces of inertia" inherent in the American party system, but he finds them surmountable through bold, consistent executive action. Roosevelt, he believes, perhaps "underestimated the possibility of party invigoration from the top." Burns continues:
Dietary fibres. VI: Binding of fatty acids and monolein from mixed micelles containing bile salts and lecithin.

AbstractMixed micelles were prepared containing sodium taurocholate, monolein dioleyl lecithin, cholesterol, and an equimolar mixture of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. These were incubated with commercial bile acid-sequestering resins, cholestyramine and DEAE-Sephadex, or various dietary fibers and fiber components including wheat bran, cellulose, alfalfa, lignin, and two viscosity grades of guar gum. Binding of monolein and fatty acids was determined as the difference between the radioactivity of the added micellar component, and that recovered in the centrifugal supernatant after incubation. In general, the extent of monoglyceride or fatty acid sequestration was characteristic and reproducible for each binding agent. Cholestyramine and DEAE-Sephadex essentially quantitatively bound monoglycerides and all three fatty acids from micellar medium. Low- and high-viscosity grades of guar gum sequestered 15-23% of the monolein and 32-33% of the fatty acids, showing a significant preference for linoleic a...
RTRB-04STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY FOR RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS: PATIENT SELECTION AND THE ROLE OF BEVACIZUMAB

RTRB-04. STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY FOR RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS: PATIENT SELECTION AND THE ROLE
Kleine-Levin Syndrome

Kleine-Levin Syndrome [KLS] is often under-recognized and also misdiagnosed. When suspicion for KLS is raised, a thorough clinical evaluation should be performed, including detailed history from family members and a neurologic and psychiatric examination. Additional studies may include PSG, EEG, neuroimaging, as well as serological and CSF studies to rule out alternative diagnoses as clinically indicated. After arriving at a diagnosis of KLS, the foundation of care is supportive. Patients and their families should be provided with education about the disease. During symptomatic periods, patients should be allowed to rest at home under caregiver supervision. Caregivers should pay special attention to the patient's eating habits and mood. Patients should not be allowed to drive or operate heavy machinery during these episodes. In between episodes, avoidance of reported triggers, such as alcohol and infection are encouraged as is maintenance of a regular sleep-wake cycle. Pharmacologic therapy has not been well-studied and for most patients is not necessary. For more severe cases, targeted symptomatic therapy, such as modafinil or amantadine for somnolence or risperidone for psychosis may be considered depending on the patient's symptomatology. Lithium has the best data to support its use as a prophylactic agent and for patients with severe or frequent episodes, may be considered.
Pneumoconiosis prevalence among 364 migrant workers in small coal mines of Chuxiong City

[Objective]To understand and master the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers in small township coal mines of Chuxiong City,and provide scientific evidence for occupational hazards prevention and control,and protection of coal workers' health.[Methods]The occupational health checklist of Yunnan Province was adopted for questionnaire survey,routine physical examination,High kV X-ray examination were also performed.the results were analyzed by Excel.[Results]Of 364 coal workers,the pneumoconiosis prevalence rate was 5.49%,the average age of onset was 39.5 years,the differences of prevalence between different age groups were significant(χ2=12.80,P0.01).The average dust-exposure time was 11.1 years which had a certain relationship with pneumoconiosis.[Conclusion]The results shows the characteristics of coal workers pneumoconiosis of young and short dust-exposure time.The related department should strengthen the enterprises supervision,the corporate representatives should improve the working environment,to increase the protective equipment,to carry out medical examination for coal workers on a regular basis and to strengthen coal workers' awareness of preventing occupational diseases and self-protection so as to reduce the inhalation of coal dust.
Highly Sensitive Laser Diode Detection of CsCl

A highly sensitive method aimed at detection of CsCl on nuclear remediation sites with isotopic selectivity was developed. The approach couples electric discharge in hydrogen as a source of dissoci...
Genomic Diversity of Enterotoxigenic Strains of Bacteroides fragilis

Enterotoxigenic (ETBF) strains of Bacteroides fragilis are the subset of strains that secrete a toxin called fragilysin (Bft). Although ETBF strains are known to cause diarrheal disease and have recently been associated with colorectal cancer, they have not been well characterized. By sequencing the complete genome of four ETBF strains, we found that these strains exhibit considerable variation at the genomic level. Only a small number of genes that are located primarily in the Bft pathogenicity island (BFT PAI) and the flanking CTn86 conjugative transposon are conserved in all four strains and a fifth strain whose genome was previously sequenced. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis strongly suggests that the BFT PAI was acquired by non-toxigenic (NTBF) strains multiple times during the course of evolution. At the phenotypic level, we found that the ETBF strains were less fit than the NTBF strain NCTC 9343 and were susceptible to a growth-inhibitory protein that it produces. The ETBF strains also showed a greater tendency to form biofilms, which may promote tumor formation, than NTBF strains. Although the genomic diversity of ETBF strains raises the possibility that they vary in their pathogenicity, our experimental results also suggest that they share common properties that are conferred by different combinations of non-universal genetic elements.
A Tribute to Murray A. Straus

This article offers a brief tribute to the father of the field of family violence, Murray A. Straus, Ph.D. Murray spent the bulk of his career at the University of New Hampshire, where he studied partner violence, corporal punishment, developed the Conflict Tactics Scales, and mentored thousands of students, post-doctoral research fellows, and colleagues alike. His productivity and the significant impact that he had on the field and the public at large, in addition to his warmth and good humor, are noted here.
Limb loss: The unspoken psychological aspect

In the United States, health care providers have diagnosed 29.1 million people with diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetes is the main reason for limb loss. This review addresses the lack of psychological support after limb loss. Few scholarly sources analyze the psychological aspects of limb loss before and after amputation. These sources report that patients do not have a clear understanding of their disease process and that patients often report a lack of empathy and communication from health care providers. There is no standardization of postoperative care instructions causing great confusion and increasing anxiety for both the patient and the caregivers. Individuals with limb amputation express increased depression and body image disturbance along with social embarrassment after amputation. Postoperatively, patients report a decrease in resources once discharged home. Some studies suggest psychiatric consultation preamputation and postamputation. The literature also suggests increased communication between the patient undergoing amputation and their health care provider preoperatively and postoperatively.
Plasmonic switches based on subwavelength cavity resonators

We design and optimize highly compact plasmonic switches with high modulation depth and moderate insertion loss, consisting of a metal-dielectric-metal waveguide coupled to a subwavelength cavity resonator. We consider a multisection cavity resonator which comprises multiple sections of varying widths. We find that the optimal structure is a perturbation of the maximum size cavity obtained by reducing the width of the middle section in order to tune the resonant wavelength of the cavity. In addition, the on-resonance modulation depth of the optimized multisection cavity switch is greatly enhanced with respect to a conventional Fabry–Perot cavity switch. We use a single-mode scattering matrix theory to account for the behavior of these systems.
Driving Simulator Study of J-Turn Acceleration–Deceleration Lane and U-Turn Spacing Configurations:

The J-turn, also known as the restricted crossing U-turn and Superstreet, is an innovative geometric design that can improve intersection safety. Although this design has been in use in several states for many years, there is very little research-based guidance for several design parameters. A driving simulator study was conducted to analyze the parameters of lane configuration, U-turn spacing, and signage. Two lane configurations were examined: (a) an acceleration–deceleration configuration, in which acceleration and deceleration lanes are provided, and (b) a deceleration-only configuration, in which only deceleration lanes are provided. Lane configuration was found to be the most important parameter affecting J-turn safety according to speed differentials. The only significant interaction effect among parameters was between lane configuration and U-turn spacing. The acceleration–deceleration configuration performed better than the deceleration-only configuration, having 66.3% fewer safety critical event...
Prediction of traffic sign vandalism that obstructs critical messages to drivers

A critical deficiency in any one or a combination of three transportation system characteristics: the driver, roadway, or vehicle can contribute to an elevated crash risk for the motoring public. Traffic signs often convey critical information to drivers. However, traffic signs are only effective when clearly visible and legible. Traffic sign vandalism that is exclusively the results of humans causes both sign legibility and visibility to deteriorate. Transportation agencies spend a significant amount of money to repair or replace vandalized signs. This study was conducted to identify which traffic signs are more vulnerable to vandalism. To do this, a mobile-based vehicle collected data of over 97000 traffic signs managed by the Utah Department of Transportation (UDoT), US. The vandalized signs were identified by a trained operator through inspection of daytime digital images taken of each individual sign. Location data obtained from online sources combined with the traffic sign data were imported into ArcGIS to acquire localized conditions for each individual sign. According to the chi-square test results, the association between vandalism and traffic sign attributes and localized conditions, including background color, size, mount height, exposure, land cover, and road type was evident. After employing the random forests model, the most important factors in making signs vulnerable to vandalism were identified. First published online 01 March 2017
Diarrhea among children under five in Myanmar: a systematic review

Eighteen percent of deaths among children under five in Myanmar are due to diarrheal diseases even though diarrheal diseases can be prevented. The purpose of this article is to perform a systematic review of diarrhea prevention and treatment efforts among children under five in Myanmar. A systematic literature review was conducted using the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Search terms included: Myanmar, Burma, diarrhea, and children. Articles were limited from 2000 to 2016. Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Results indicate that although individuals in Myanmar have high levels of knowledge regarding prevention of diarrheal diseases, social determinants of health and cultural factors encourage the spread of diarrheal diseases. Social determinants of health include disparities due to geography, education, and economics. Cultural factors such as strong allegiances to norms viewing latrines as uncustomary can promote diarrheal diseases. There is a need for interventions designed to address social determinants of health in order to enhance diarrhea prevention and treatment efforts and reduce the under-five mortality in Myanmar.