cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhombohedral crystals of the human vinculin head domain in complex with a vinculin-binding site of talin.

Intermolecular interactions between the cytoskeletal proteins talin and vinculin are required for outside-in integrin signaling triggered by the formation of focal adhesions. Talin possesses three non-contiguous vinculin-binding sites (VBS); binding of one of these motifs, VBS3, provokes dramatic alterations in the structure of the vinculin's head (Vh) domain and this activates vinculin (Izard et al., 2004). To address the role of talin's other VBSs in vinculin activation, talin VBS1 (human residues 607–636) was crystallized in complex with the Vh (human residues 1–258) domain. Rhombohedral crystals of human Vh–VBS1 were obtained. The crystals belong to space group R32, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.7 A, α = 105.5° and diffract to 2.4 A on a third-generation synchrotron source. The packing density for one heterodimer in the asymmetric unit is 3.04 A3 Da−1, with a solvent content of 0.59.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and medication adherence: results from the Mind Your Heart study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for adverse outcomes from comorbid medical conditions. Medication non-adherence is a potential mechanism explaining this increased risk. METHODS: We examined the association between PTSD and medication adherence in a cross-sectional study of 724 patients recruited from two Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers between 2008 and 2010. PTSD was assessed using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale. Medication adherence was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for medication non-adherence in patients with versus without PTSD, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 252 patients (35%) had PTSD. Twelve percent of patients with PTSD reported not taking their medications as prescribed compared to 9% of patients without PTSD (unadjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.37-2.50, P Language: en
Network-based estimation of time-dependent noise in GPS position time series

Some estimates of GPS velocity uncertainties are very low, $$<$$ 0.1 mm/year with 10 years of data. Yet, residual velocities relative to rigid plate models in nominally stable plate interiors can be an order of magnitude larger. This discrepancy could be caused by underestimating low-frequency time-dependent noise in position time series, such as random walk. We show that traditional estimators, based on individual time series, are insensitive to low-amplitude random walk, yet such noise significantly increases GPS velocity uncertainties. Here, we develop a method for determining representative noise parameters in GPS position time series, by analyzing an entire network simultaneously, which we refer to as the network noise estimator (NNE). We analyze data from the aseismic central-eastern USA, assuming that residual motions relative to North America, corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), represent noise. The position time series are decomposed into signal (plate rotation and GIA) and noise components. NNE simultaneously processes multiple stations with a Kalman filter and solves for average noise components for the network by maximum likelihood estimation. Synthetic tests show that NNE correctly estimates even low-level random walk, thus providing better estimates of velocity uncertainties than conventional, single station methods. To test NNE on actual data, we analyze a heterogeneous 15 station GPS network from the central-eastern USA, assuming the noise is a sum of random walk, flicker and white noise. For the horizontal time series, NNE finds higher average random walk than the standard individual station-based method, leading to velocity uncertainties a factor of 2 higher than traditional methods.
Quantifying Water at the Organic Film/Hydroxylated Substrate Interface

Abstract A method, based on Fourier transform infrared-multiple internal reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectroscopy, for determining the amount and thickness of water at an organic film/hydroxylated substrate interface has been developed. The analysis uses a two-layered model, which takes into account: 1) water at the organic film/hydroxylated substrate interface, 2) water taken up by the organic film within the penetration depth of the evanescent wave and 3) change of the penetration depth as water displaces the organic film from the substrate. Experimentally, the method requires the application of an organic film, transparent or opaque, of sufficient thickness on a hydroxylated internal reflection element, which is used as the substrate. A water chamber is attached to the organic-coated specimen. After adding water to the chamber, FTIR-MIR spectra are taken automatically at specified time intervals without disturbing the specimen or the instrument. Water uptake in the organic films and FTIR-MIR spectra of water...
Reliable Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Children

Obesity is on the rise in the pediatric population. Obese individuals are at risk for insulin resistance and this, in combination with impaired β-cell function, can result in type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis of insulin resistance is made in clinical practice by using estimates of insulin sensitivity. Scientific evidence regarding the evaluation of insulin resistance in children has revealed conflicting conclusions.
Analysis Of Early Accountable Care Organizations Defines Patient, Structural, Cost, And Quality-Of-Care Characteristics

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) have attracted interest from many policy makers and clinical leaders because of their potential to improve the quality of care and reduce costs. Federal ACO programs for Medicare beneficiaries are now up and running, but little information is available about the baseline characteristics of early entrants. In this descriptive study we present data on the structural and market characteristics of these early ACOs and compare ACOs’ patient populations, costs, and quality with those of their non-ACO counterparts at baseline. We found that ACO patients were more likely than non-ACO patients to be older than age eighty and had higher incomes. ACO patients were less likely than non-ACO patients to be black, covered by Medicaid, or disabled. The cost of care for ACO patients was slightly lower than that for non-ACO patients. Slightly fewer than half of the ACOs had a participating hospital. Hospitals that were in ACOs were more likely than non-ACO hospitals to be large, teachi...
The reverse cholesterol transport system as a potential mediator of luteolysis in the primate corpus luteum

The cessation of progesterone (P(4)) production (i.e. functional regression), arguably the key event in luteolysis of the primate corpus luteum (CL), is poorly understood. Previously, we found that genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol uptake decreased, while those involved in cholesterol efflux (reverse cholesterol transport, RCT) increased in expression during spontaneous functional regression of the rhesus macaque CL, thereby potentially depleting the cholesterol reserves needed for steroidogenesis. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the components necessary for RCT was performed. RCT components were expressed (mRNA and/or protein) in the macaque CL including cholesterol sensors (liver X receptors alpha or NR1H3; and beta or NR1H2), efflux proteins (ATP-binding cassette subfamilies A1 (ABCA1) and G1), acceptors (apolipoproteins A1 or APOA1; and E or APOE), and plasma proteins facilitating high-density lipoprotein formation (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase or LCAT; phospholipid transfer protein or PLTP). ABCA1, APOE, PLTP, and NR1H3 increased, while lipoprotein receptors decreased, in expression (mRNA and/or protein) through the period of functional regression. The expression of APOA1 and APOE, as well as NR1H3, was greatest in the CL and tissues involved in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Immunolocalization studies revealed that RCT proteins and lipoprotein receptors were expressed in large luteal cells, which possess intracellular cholesterol reserves during periods of P(4) synthesis. Lipid staining revealed changes in luteal cholesterol ester/lipid distribution that occurred following functional regression. These results indicate that decreased cholesterol uptake and increased RCT may be critical for the initiation of primate luteolysis by limiting intracellular cholesterol pools required for steroidogenesis.
DPNH oscillations in glycolyzing cell free extracts from beef heart.

Abstract The oscillatory responses of reduced pyridine nucleotide in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis have been the object of considerable attention ( Chance et al., 1964a , Chance et al., 1964b ). The oscillations, first observed in intact cell suspensions, have also been obtained in cell free extracts from the same yeast strain ( Chance et al., 1964c , Chance et al., 1964d ). The sensitivity of the oscillations to iodoacetic acid led to the conclusion that DPN, rather than TPN, was the nucleotide involved. ( Chance et al., 1964c ). The assay of glycolytic intermediates and adenine rucleotides in the oscillating cells has also demonstrated oscillations in these intermediates, each having a definite phase relationship with reduced pyridine nucleotide ( Ghosh and Chance 1964 ; Chance et al., 1964a , Chance et al., 1964b ). This communication reports some results that have been obtained with glycolyzing cell free extracts from beef heart. These preparations have shown cyclic oscillations of reduced pyridine nucleotide in a manner similar to that obseved in yeast extracts.
Therefore be it resolved: 25 years of Delegate Assembly/Representative Assembly legislation.

In 1965, the power to legislate the affairs ofthe Ameri­ can Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) passed from the Board ofManagement to the newly created Delegate Assembly. AOTA 's progress in the 25-year peri­ odfrom 1965 to 1990 can be traced tJ./' studying the resolutions deliberated upon by that Assembly and its successor, the Representative Assembly. Of interest historical~y are not on~y the resolutions passed, but those defeated as well, because all indicate concern for the issues of the times in which the resolutions originated. This paper discusses certain trends that be­ came evident, such as health care legislation con­ cerns, strategic planning, the position of the certzfied occupational therapy assistant in AOTA, standards in practice and research, and advanced education. It emphasizes such issues as membership fees, continu­ ing competency and continuing education, reauit­ ment and personnel, and specialization.
Regression rate of metastatic neck lymph nodes after radiation treatment as a prognostic factor for local control

Summary This study was carried out to assess whether the regression rate of neck node metastases after radiotherapy could be a prognostic factor for local control. Measurements of 283 neck nodes were made before and at completion of treatment and at intervals during 3 years follow-up. The results indicate that complete regression at the end of treatment correlates strongly with local control. A false negative rate of 0.1 was calculated. Partial regression seems to be a prognostic factor for failure in lymph nodes because of a true positive rate of 0.8. The results suggest that accurate measurements of the response of neck lymph nodes could give early prognostic information, useful for the choice of optimal treatment.
GRAMPS: A programming model for graphics pipelines

We introduce GRAMPS, a programming model that generalizes concepts from modern real-time graphics pipelines by exposing a model of execution containing both fixed-function and application-programmable processing stages that exchange data via queues. GRAMPS allows the number, type, and connectivity of these processing stages to be defined by software, permitting arbitrary processing pipelines or even processing graphs. Applications achieve high performance using GRAMPS by expressing advanced rendering algorithms as custom pipelines, then using the pipeline as a rendering engine. We describe the design of GRAMPS, then evaluate it by implementing three pipelines, that is, Direct3D, a ray tracer, and a hybridization of the two, and running them on emulations of two different GRAMPS implementations: a traditional GPU-like architecture and a CPU-like multicore architecture. In our tests, our GRAMPS schedulers run our pipelines with 500 to 1500KB of queue usage at their peaks.
Policies for alcohol restriction and their association with interpersonal violence: a time-series analysis of homicides in Cali, Colombia

BACKGROUND: Cali, Colombia, has a high incidence of interpersonal violence deaths. Various alcohol control policies have been implemented to reduce alcohol-related problems. The objective of this study was to determine whether different alcohol control policies were associated with changes in the incidence rate of homicides. METHODS: Ecologic study conducted during 2004-08 using a time-series design. Policies were implemented with variations in hours of restriction of sales and consumption of alcohol. Most restrictive policies prohibited alcohol between 2 a.m. and 10 a.m. for 446 non-consecutive days. Moderately restrictive policies prohibited alcohol between 3 a.m. and 10 a.m. for 1277 non-consecutive days. Lax policies prohibited alcohol between 4 a.m. and 10 a.m. for 104 non-consecutive days. In conditional autoregressive negative binomial regressions, rates of homicides and unintentional injury deaths (excluding traffic events) were compared between different periods of days when different policies were in effect. RESULTS: There was an increased risk of homicides in periods when the moderately restrictive policies were in effect compared with periods when the most restrictive policies were in effect [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.15, 90% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.26, P = 0.012], and there was an even higher risk of homicides in periods when the lax policies were in effect compared with periods when the most restrictive policies were in effect (IRR 1.42, 90% CI 1.26-1.61, P Language: en
What’s in a Name? The Role of Danielson in the Taxation of Credit Card Securitizations

While the doctrine of substance over form has been a part of tax law for over seventy years, courts look disfavorably upon taxpayers who invoke the doctrine to argue against the forms of their own transactions under what is commonly referred to as the Danielson rule. Although the Danielson rule appears sound on its face, it holds less force when applied outside of its original context. In particular, the Danielson rule should not apply when the form given to a transaction is given for non-tax reasons, such as to achieve a particular accounting treatment. The taxation of credit card securitizations provides a particularly acute example of how the Danielson rule could lead taxing authorities to erroneously base the taxation of a transaction on its form for accounting purposes. In this article, I explain why the Danielson rule should not apply to credit card securitizations. First, I describe how credit card securitizations are structured and how they are treated under both the accounting and the tax rules. I then explain the origins and purposes of the Danielson rule, why it should not apply to credit card securitizations, and how it could adversely affect their taxation if applied. By expressly excluding from the scope of the Danielson rule those transactions where the difference between substance and form is rooted in the difference between the accounting and tax regimes, the government will clarify a currently muddled area of law and provide greater certainty to participants in credit card securitizations and similar transactions.
Synaptoneurosome micromethod for fractionation of mouse and human brain, and primary neuronal cultures

Brain and primary neuron fractions enriched in synaptic terminals are important tools for neuroscientists in biochemical, neuroanatomical and physiological studies. We describe an annotated updated micro-method for preparing synaptoneurosomes (SNs) enriched in presynaptic and postsynaptic elements. An easy to follow, step-by-step, protocol is provided for making SNs from small amounts of mammalian brain tissue. This includes novel applications for material obtained from human neurosurgical procedures and primary rat neuronal cultures. Our updated method for preparing SNs using smaller amounts of tissue provides a valuable new tool and expands the capabilities of neuroscientists.
Organizational change and outdoor management education

This study used a randomized group experimental design combined with qualitative research methods to assess the outcomes of an outdoor management education (OME) program in one organization. Measures of trainee reactions, learning, attitudes and motivation, behavior, and organizational results were collected. The OME program positively influenced participant knowledge, organizational commitment, organizational-based self-esteem, and intentions to implement learning. It did not improve trust or self-efficacy levels. Additionally, there was evidence of behavioral change and improvements is several organizational results up to three years after the training, although attribution of cause and effect is difficult at these levels of analysis. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Low power ATPG for path delay faults

In this paper we propose an implicit test pattern generation method so that many path delay faults are covered and the dissipated power satisfies a given bound. Typical delay values are considered from an accurate gate delay model. We use a timed ATPG that combines function-based and structural (PODEM-like) methods for faster test generation, which is also more accurate in sequential circuits.
Scleroderma Autoantigens Are Uniquely Fragmented by Metal-catalyzed Oxidation Reactions: Implications for Pathogenesis

The observation that revelation of immunocryptic epitopes in self antigens may initiate the autoimmune response has prompted the search for processes which induce novel fragmentation of autoantigens as potential initiators of autoimmunity. The reversible ischemia reperfusion which characterizes scleroderma has focused attention on reactive oxygen species as molecules which might induce autoantigen fragmentation. We demonstrate that several of the autoantigens targeted in diffuse scleroderma are uniquely susceptible to cleavage by reactive oxygen species, in a metal-dependent manner. Multiple features of the fragmentation reaction and its inhibition indicate that these autoantigens possess metal-binding sites, which focus metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions (and consequent fragmentation) to specific regions of the antigens. These data suggest that the autoantibody response in scleroderma is the immune marker of unique protein fragmentation, induced by ischemia reperfusion in the presence of appropriate metals, and focus attention on abnormal metal status as a potential pathogenic principle in this disease.
Bringing science to medicine: an interview with Larry Weed, inventor of the problem-oriented medical record

Larry Weed, MD is widely known as the father of the problem-oriented medical record and inventor of the now-ubiquitous SOAP (subjective/objective/assessment/plan) note, for developing an electronic health record system (Problem-Oriented Medical Information System, PROMIS), and for founding a company (since acquired), which developed problem-knowledge couplers. However, Dr Weed's vision for medicine goes far beyond software—over the course of his storied career, he has relentlessly sought to bring the scientific method to medical practice and, where necessary, to point out shortcomings in the system and advocate for change. In this oral history, Dr Weed describes, in his own words, the arcs of his long career and the work that remains to be done.
Topological performance of mobile backbone based wireless ad hoc network with unmanned vehicles

We have recently introduced a hierarchical structure for ad hoc wireless networks that classifies nodes into two categories: backbone capable nodes (BCNs) and regular nodes (RNs). BNCs are better equipped, have higher capacities, and have the ability to operate at multiple power levels and employ multiple radio modules. Under our protocol, identified as TBONE, when a BCN is elected to function as a backbone node (BN), it uses its high power link to communicate with other BNs, thus forming a backbone network (Bnet). To access the network, each RN or BCN must associate itself with a nearby BN (if any). The BN manages transmissions across its access network (Anet), whereby messages are transmitted to/from the BN and among Anet members at lower power levels. Our protocol dynamically initiates and maintains the configuration and association functions of such a mobile backbone network (MBN) under nodal mobility, topological changes and traffic flow variations. We further employ unmanned vehicles (UVs) to aid in maintaining the connectivity of the MBN as well as to upgrade the network capacity when required to sustain real-time and messaging flows that demand quality-of-service (QoS) performance assurance. In this paper, we present the performance features of this protocol, evaluating the number of nodes that are activated as BNs, characterizing the extent to which the system covers its client mobile station using its prescribed BCNs, and presenting the rate of various protocol interactions as a function of the mobility speed of nodal users. We also evaluate the impact of employed UVs on the system's connectivity and coverage features.
An Environmental History of Roadkill: Road Ecology and the Making of the Permeable Highway

Road-killed animals are simultaneously one of the most common ways that Americans encounter wildlife and one of the most unexamined phenomena by scholars. Despite this neglect, a handful of American naturalists, landscape architects, wildlife managers, and road ecologists have attempted to understand and even mitigate the conflicts between animal mobility and automobility. Their histories describe the evolution of understanding the different scales of a highway. Early road engineers saw the highway as ending at the macadam’s edge. This gave way to the idea of the “complete highway” that included the entire right-of-way. Modern road ecologists go far beyond the right-of-way and see the highway as part of a complex network of fragmented patches and corridors. As this development unfolded, so too did mitigation strategies. Early roadkill mitigation techniques prioritized the hardening of the highway, an attempt to make the highway as uninviting to animal mobility as possible. This order is being
Thiosulfate: a readily accessible source of hydrogen sulfide in oxygen sensing

H2S derived from organic thiol metabolism has been proposed serve as an oxygen sensor in a variety of systems because of its susceptibility to oxidation and its ability to mimic hypoxic responses in numerous oxygen-sensing tissues. Thiosulfate, an intermediate in oxidative H2S metabolism can alternatively be reduced and regenerate H2S. We propose that this contributes to the H2S-mediated oxygen-sensing mechanism. H2S formation from thiosulfate in buffers and in a variety of mammalian tissues and in lamprey dorsal aorta was examined in real time using a polarographic H2S sensor. Inferences of intracellular H2S production were made by examining hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in bovine pulmonary arteries under conditions in which increased H2S production would be expected and in mouse and rat aortas, where reducing conditions should mediate vasorelaxation. In Krebs-Henseleit (mammalian) and Cortland (lamprey) buffers, H2S was generated from thiosulfate in the presence of the exogenous reducing agent, DTT, or the endogenous reductant dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA). Both the magnitude and rate of H2S production were greatly increased by these reductants in the presence of tissue, with the most notable effects occurring in the liver. H2S production was only observed when tissues were hypoxic; exposure to room air, or injecting oxygen inhibited H2S production and resulted in net H2S consumption. Both DTT and DHLA augmented HPV, and DHLA dose-dependently relaxed precontracted mouse and rat aortas. These results indicate that thiosulfate can contribute to H2S signaling under hypoxic conditions and that this is not only a ready source of H2S production but also serves as a means of recycling sulfur and thereby conserving biologically relevant thiols.
Improvement in electrostatic-discharge tolerance of 1.3µm AlGaInAs/InP buried heterostructure laser diodes

This is the first report on electrostatic discharge (ESD)-induced degradation of AlGaInAs/InP buried heterostructure laser diodes. We found that the dominant degradation mechanism was melting of the active layer due to light absorption. We successfully improved ESD tolerance by facet passivation. The cumulative degradation ratio at 1.0kV ESD tests was decreased from 40 to 0%.
VIBRATIONAL AVERAGING OF ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES DEVELOPMENT OF A ROUTINE THEORETICAL METHOD FOR POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES

A routine method is described for incorporating the effects of vibrational averaging into theoretical predictions of electric properties of polyatomic molecules. The method relies upon perturbation theory expressions for the vibrational correction in terms of derivatives of the energy and property surfaces, and utilizes a least-squares approach to computing the necessary force constants and property derivatives. Least-squares derived derivatives are compared with those obtained using analytical methods, and zero-point vibrational corrections are presented for the first-row hydrides CH4, NH3, H2O, and HF, for the dipole and quadrupole moments and the components of the static dipole polarizability, at both SCF and MP2 levels of theory. The zero-point vibrational corrections obtained are shown to be in good agreement with the limited number of previous theoretical results for these molecules, and the electric moments corrected for vibrational effects are in excellent agreement with experiment. Vibrational av...
Iron deficiency and cognitive function.

DEFINITION OF PREDICTOR AND OUTCOME VARIABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 Iron Deficiency . . .... . . . .. . .. . .... . . . . . .... . .... . . .... . . 522 Cognitive Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DEFICIENCY AND BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS 524 Infancy and Early Childhood (0-24 months) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 Preschool and School Children (224 months) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 IRON DEFICIENCY AS A CAUSE OF ALTERATIONS IN COGNITION . . . . . . 528 ['!fancy and Early Childhood (0-24 months) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 Preschool and School-Age Children (224 months) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 ON THE NATURE OF THE EFFECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
The Multinational Corporation in the Less Developed Country: The Economic Development Model Versus the North-South Model

Researchers, policymakers, and managers interested in multinational corporations should understand two models that guide thought and policy determination in less developed countries. The economic development model emphasizes positive impacts of multinational investment on economies of less developed countries. The North-South model emphasizes negative effects of such investment. The ideological and empirical basis for each model should be understood, as well as the implications for policy decisions.
Noncoding RNAs: The Missing “Linc” in p53-Mediated Repression

The tumor suppressor protein p53 coordinates the cellular response to stress through regulation of gene expression. Now, Huarte et al. (2010) identify a long intergenic noncoding RNA as a new player in p53-mediated repression of genes involved in apoptosis.
Critical Evaluation of the Microwave Effect on Radical (Co)Polymerizations

Critical evaluations of the microwave effect on initiation, propagation, and termination during conventional radical polymerizations (RPs) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and random copolymerization of styrene (St) with (meth)acrylates are examined by comparing microwave heating (MWH) and conventional heating (CH). Poly(methyl methacrylate) with similar $ \overline M_{\rm n} $, $ \overline M_{\rm w} $/$ \overline M_{\rm n} $, and conversion are obtained under precisely controlled temperature, indicating very small changes of propagation rate constant. Rate enhancement in the absence of precise temperature control is mostly due to the higher reaction temperature of the reaction mixture than the apparent value indicated on display. Rates of initiator decomposition under well-controlled temperature are essentially the same for MWH and CH.
Payments to Informal versus Formal Home Care Providers: Policy Divergence Affecting the Elderly and Their Families in Michigan and Illinois

State policies vary widely on paying friends and family rather than home care agencies to care for the elderly. We explore two state programs that exemplify different payment options: Michigan, which pays clients' informal caregivers, and Illinois, which generally pays agencies to provide services. We ask how different payment policies affect clients, specifically exploring program structure (division of labor and bases for need determination) and financing incentives created by Medicaid (centralization, means testing, and quality assurance). These factors shape provider and client preferences, well-being, and assessment of care quality. Comparatively, Illinois's approach favors professionalism, high cost/quality, documentation, and an orientation toward medical and physical needs. It has experienced high worker turnover and less regard for caregiver-client relationships. Michigan's approach favors informality, casual accountability, long-term stability of helping relationships, and respect for client pre...
Organizing pneumonia/non-specific interstitial pneumonia overlap is associated with unfavorable lung disease progression.

Abstract Background Overlapping forms of interstitial pneumonia have been recognized, but are likely underappreciated, and their clinical, radiologic, and histologic characteristics are not well-defined. Methods We identified 38 patients with surgical lung biopsy demonstrating histologic organizing pneumonia (OP) or histologic organizing pneumonia/non-specific interstitial pneumonia overlap (OP/NSIP) who met established multi-disciplinary clinical-radiologic-histologic criteria for OP. For each patient, radiologic and co-histologic findings were assessed, and clinical outcome was characterized as disease resolution (complete or near-complete resolution of radiologic opacities and absence of chronic respiratory symptoms) or unfavorable disease progression (death due to respiratory failure or forced vital capacity six months from diagnosis). Results Seven of 38 patients had clinical-radiologic-histologic focal OP. Focal OP was associated with histologic OP (p = 0.019), and all seven patients demonstrated disease resolution. In the remaining 31 patients with cryptogenic or autoimmune-associated OP, 21 patients had histologic OP/NSIP, and 10 had histologic OP. Histologic OP/NSIP was associated with ground glass opacity (GGO, p = 0.012), reticulation (p = 0.029), traction bronchiectasis (p = 0.029), reactive pneumocytes (p = 0.013), and unfavorable disease progression (p Conclusions OP/NSIP overlap, either idiopathic or autoimmune-associated and identified by histologic and radiologic findings, was associated with unfavorable disease progression, and should therefore be recognized as a characteristic clinical-radiologic-histologic entity.
Pressor reflex evoked by static muscle contraction : role of nitric oxide in the dorsal horn

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) production in the dorsal horn is involved in producing the pressor reflex elicited by static contraction of skeletal muscle. Cats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose (80 mg/kg) and urethane (100 mg/kg), and a laminectomy was performed. With the exception of the L7 dorsal root, the dorsal and ventral roots from L5 to S2 were sectioned on one side and static contraction of the ipsilateral triceps surae muscle was evoked by electrically stimulating the peripheral ends of the L7 and S1 ventral roots. Dialysis of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mmol/l syringe concentration, based upon dose-response data) into the dorsal horn at L6 and S1 failed to attenuate the peak change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) evoked by static contraction (DeltaMAP in mmHg: 57 +/- 5 before and 50 +/- 6 after 2 h of L-NAME). However, this dialysis of L-NAME reduced the magnitude of the initial pressor response as the MAP at 10 s of the contraction fell from 27 +/- 4 to 17 +/- 4 mmHg. On the other hand, 2 h of L-arginine dialysis (50 mmol/l) shifted the curve representing the time course of the pressor response upward and increased the peak pressor response to static contraction from 51 +/- 9 to 68 +/- 9 mmHg. A 2-h dialysis of D-NAME (50 mmol/l), the inactive enantiomer of L-NAME, had no effect on the time course or the peak pressor response (DeltaMAP in mmHg: 78 +/- 12 before and 72 +/- 15 after). These data suggest that NO production in the dorsal horn has a modulatory influence on the pressor reflex evoked by static contraction of skeletal muscle and that increasing the level of NO in the dorsal horn enhances the excitability of dorsal horn cells to muscle afferent input.
The Implications of Video P2p on Network Usage

A rising tide of video peer-to-peer (P2P) activity is already beginning to affect data networks. And video P2P traffic will inexorably grow in the years ahead. Video P2P will expand beyond unauthorized sharing of commercial prerecorded content, becoming a significant driver of broadband usage and potentially creating new revenue streams. Meanwhile, because of its sheer bulk and technical characteristics, video P2P traffic will place significant strains on broadband networks. Thus, video P2P will influence both the outputs and the inputs of the Internet of the future.
Joint Temperature and Soot-Volume-Fraction Measurements in Turbulent Meter-Scale Pool Fires

The development of a combined dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and laser-induced incandescence (LII) instrument for the spatially resolved measurement of subgrid-scale temperature/soot data in liquid-fueled pool fires is discussed. Temperature pdfs obtained from the N2 Qbranch CARS signal at the center of a 2-m-diameter toluene/methanol pool fire are summarized. A more detailed discussion of the recent development of a water-jacketed, fiber-optically coupled LII probe for in-fire soot-volume-fraction imaging is presented. Tomographically resolved laser-light-extinction characterization of the soot field in a fuel-rich premixed ethylene-air flame used for calibration of the LII technique is reported, and the performance of the LII-imaging system in the calibration flame is discussed. Twodimensional LII images, which are representative of the spatially resolved, instantaneous soot-volumefraction distributions in a 2-m-diameter toluene/methanol pool fire are provided, and a histogram of the LII signal that is representative of the pdf of the soot-volume-fraction fluctuations at the center of the fire are extracted from these in-fire imaging results. These data demonstrate the potential of the CARS and LII instruments to determine temperature and soot volume fraction in a sooting fire with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Localizing Effects of Human Hosts on the Mosquito Mansonia Perturbans

Field tests to determine the localizing effect of man on the mosquito, Mansonia perturbans (Walker), were made by use of a human subject beneath a drop net and in a parked car along a swamp margin during the early evening activity period. Records from seven tests in June 1958 showed that sizable groups of mosquitoes were localized in resting position when man was present. Male swarms were also deactivated beneath the drop net and in the parked car with the host.
Extracellular nucleotide receptor inhibits AVP-stimulated water permeability in inner medullary collecting duct

The P2u class of nucleotide receptors is linked to mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in many cell types, including the renal collecting duct cells. In the present studies, we examined the effects ...
Infantile Hemangiomas of the Eyelids and Orbit

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumor seen in infants. They typically appear in the first few weeks of life [1–3] and occur in 4–12 % of infants [4]. When located in the periocular and orbital region, hemangiomas have the potential to affect the developing vision of infants, causing amblyopia. Multiple treatment modalities have been offered for treatment of infantile hemangiomas including topical, intralesional, and systemic steroids; more recently, the use of oral propranolol has been successful in treating these lesions.
Introduction to Focus Section: Feminist Research and Knowledge Production in Geography

Over the past two decades, feminist geographers have contributed in critical ways to thinking on the conduct, complications, and consequences of feminist research. The robust existing body of work is testament to the foundational import of these contributions, but the articles in this Focus Section suggest that there are still important things to argue, talk about, and reflect on with regard to the epistemological aspects of doing feminist geography. These six articles bring together real-life examples of complex issues that feminist researchers in geography face today, with the overarching aim of sparking discussions about the relationship between feminist research and knowledge production. Specifically, the articles expand key concepts facilitating reflexive processes and offer new tools for feminist researchers. This Introduction reviews the existing literature pertaining to both of these goals, and summarizes and situates the articles that follow.
Silicon nitride on-silicon 3-dimensional photonic circuits for integrated photodetection

We develop a new technique for integrating waveguide detectors in a silicon nitride photonic circuit. Fabrication relies on a novel method of selective oxidation as an alternative to chemical-mechanical-planarization with higher yield and tolerance.
Driving with homonymous visual field loss: a review of the literature.

Driving is an important rehabilitation goal for patients with homonymous field defects (HFDs); however, whether or not people with HFDs should be permitted to drive is not clear. Over the last 15 years, there has been a marked increase in the number of studies evaluating the effects of HFDs on driving performance. This review of the literature provides a much-needed summary for practitioners and researchers, addressing the following topics: regulations pertaining to driving with HFDs, self-reported driving difficulties, pass rates in on-road tests, the effects of HFDs on lane position and steering stability, the effects of HFDs on scanning and detection of potential hazards, screening for potential fitness to drive, evaluating practical fitness to drive and the efficacy of interventions to improve driving of persons with HFDs. Although there is clear evidence from on-road studies that some people with HFDs may be rated as safe to drive, others are reported to have significant deficits in skills important for safe driving, including taking a lane position too close to one side of the travel lane, unstable steering and inadequate viewing (scanning) behaviour. Driving simulator studies have provided strong evidence of a wide range in compensatory scanning abilities and detection performance, despite similar amounts of visual field loss. Conventional measurements of visual field extent (in which eye movements are not permitted) do not measure such compensatory abilities and are not predictive of on-road driving performance. Thus, there is a need to develop better tests to screen people with HFDs for visual fitness to drive. We are not yet at a point where we can predict which HFD patient is likely to be a safe driver. Therefore, it seems only fair to provide an opportunity for individualised assessments of practical fitness to drive either on the road and/or in a driving simulator.
A survey on interconnect encoding for reducing power consumption, delay, and crosstalk

With the advancement of technologies, interconnect circuits are shrinking dramatically. Capacitances of interconnects are increasing due to minimized wire size and inter wire spacing. As a result, interconnect power consumption, delay, and crosstalk are increasing significantly, which is affecting overall interconnect performance. Various techniques such as buffer insertion, shielding, skewing, and encoding are used to minimize delay, crosstalk, and power consumption. This paper studies a set of encoding methods for reducing power consumption, crosstalk, and delay, and also presents a comprehensive comparison and analysis of these encoding techniques.
APCK110, a Novel and Potent Inhibitor of c-Kit, Blocks Phosphorylation of AKT and STAT3, Induces Apoptosis, and Inhibits Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Cells.

Abstract Tight control of protein tyrosine kinase (TK) activity is crucial for the regulation and maintenance of vital cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. c-KIT is a TK and transmembrane receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). Binding of SCF to c-KIT results in activation of marrow precursors and other blood cells. Activating mutations of c-KIT associated with amino acid Asp-816 (D816) have been identified in leukemic cells of patients with AML and are thought to play an important pathophysiologic role in leukemogenesis. Identification of activating c-KIT mutations and development of novel compounds targeting these mutations may therefore be of therapeutic benefit in AML. Based on the 3-dimensional structure of c-KIT we have generated a number of compounds with activity against c-KIT mutated cells. Here we present initial results of the activity and mechanism of action of the novel c-KIT inhibitor APCK110 in AML cell lines and primary samples from patients with AML. Using an MTT assay, we first studied the antiproliferative effect of APCK110 in the AML cell lines OCI/AML3 and the SCF-responsive cell line OCIM2. Cells were incubated for 72 hours without or with APCK110 at concentrations of 50, 100, 250, and 500 nM, then harvested and their metabolic activity and viability determined as optical density. Next we determined expression of phospho-AKT and -STAT3 in the mastocytosis cell line HMC1.1 and phospho-c-KIT in the AML cell line OCI/AML3 by Western Immunoblotting. We further analyzed induction of caspase 3 and PARP cleavage in OCI/AML3 cells at APCK110 concentrations of 50, 100, 250, and 500 nM using Western Immunoblotting. To demonstrate the effect of APCK110 on primary AML cells, we incubated diagnostic marrow cells from 3 patients with AML with increasing concentrations of APCK110 and used the blast colony assay to measure inhibition of proliferation. We then compared the antiproliferative effect of APCK110 with that of dasatinib and imatinib in OCI/AML3 cells. We show that 1) APCK110 strongly inhibits proliferation of AML cells with 80% inhibition at 500 nM; 2) similar to cell lines, APCK110 also inhibits AML colony growth of primary samples in a dose-dependent manner of up to 80% at 500 nM concentration; 3) APCK110 blocks activation of phospho-AKT, phospho-STAT3, and phospho-c-KIT; 4) APCK110 induces apoptosis by cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP; and 5) APCK110 demonstrates more potent inhibition (up to 100% at 500 nM) of AML cell proliferation than dasatinib (60% at 500 nM) and dasatinib (none at 500 nM). In summary, APCK110 is a novel and potent inhibitor of mutated c-KIT that inhibits AML cell proliferation, blocks activation of intracellular signaling molecules, and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. Further development of APCK110 for clinical trials of patients with AML should be pursued.
miRDis: a Web tool for endogenous and exogenous microRNA discovery based on deep-sequencing data analysis

Small RNA sequencing is the most widely used tool for microRNA (miRNA) discovery, and shows great potential for the efficient study of miRNA cross-species transport, i.e., by detecting the presence of exogenous miRNA sequences in the host species. Because of the increased appreciation of dietary miRNAs and their far-reaching implication in human health, research interests are currently growing with regard to exogenous miRNAs bioavailability, mechanisms of cross-species transport and miRNA function in cellular biological processes. In this article, we present microRNA Discovery (miRDis), a new small RNA sequencing data analysis pipeline for both endogenous and exogenous miRNA detection. Specifically, we developed and deployed a Web service that supports the annotation and expression profiling data of known host miRNAs and the detection of novel miRNAs, other noncoding RNAs, and the exogenous miRNAs from dietary species. As a proof-of-concept, we analyzed a set of human plasma sequencing data from a milk-feeding study where 225 human miRNAs were detected in the plasma samples and 44 show elevated expression after milk intake. By examining the bovine-specific sequences, data indicate that three bovine miRNAs (bta-miR-378, -181* and -150) are present in human plasma possibly because of the dietary uptake. Further evaluation based on different sets of public data demonstrates that miRDis outperforms other state-of-the-art tools in both detection and quantification of miRNA from either animal or plant sources. The miRDis Web server is available at: http://sbbi.unl.edu/miRDis/index.php.
Solving Nonlinear Integer Arithmetic with MCSAT

We present a new method for solving nonlinear integer arithmetic constraints. The method relies on the MCSat approach to solving nonlinear constraints, while using branch and bound in a conflict-directed manner. We report encouraging experimental results where the new procedure outperforms state-of-the-art SMT solvers based on bit-blasting.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), or acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is a malignant disorder in which the …
Phoenix Encircled by White Dragon

This design combines Chinese cultural symbols with three dimensional geometry to create a soft sculpture. Specifically, the purpose of the design was to 1) transfer Chinese cultural symbols into a dress and 2) explore geometrical shape to create cohesive art-wear. This asymmetrical garment design consists of three layers of designs: a transparent dress, a phoenix, and a Chinese dragon. A white dragon coiled around a transparent dress, which is decorated by phoenix feathers and wings. A contrast effect was created by the solid white cotton fabric and the transparent fabric. Hundreds of dragon scales and dozens of dragon fins were placed on the coiled dragon body, creating a flying, repetition, and rhythm pattern. Visually, the coiled 3D dragon, the phoenix plumes and wings, the contrast texture between solid cotton and transparent fabric, and the unique design shape created a harmonic design effect together.