cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the T wave of the electrocardiogram. II Effects of drinking iced water.

Abstract The electrocardiograms of thirty-four subjects were recorded before and at frequent intervals after the ingestion of 800 c.c. of iced water. By analysis of ventricular gradients before and after cooling, it was determined that primary T-wave changes were produced in five of six normals, four of eleven patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, five of seven with old anterior myocardial infarcts, and four of seven with old posterior infarcts. No deleterious effects were observed. Maximal changes in the electrocardiogram occurred within five minutes following ingestion of iced water and subsided completely within twenty-five minutes. In control experiments, 800 c.c. of tea at body temperature were ingested without significant change. Primary T-wave changes occurred according to the following pattern: increased negativity or decreased positivity of the T wave in aV F , Lead II, Lead III, and the left posterolateral chest leads; increased positivity or decreased negativity occurred in aV R , aV L , and the right-sided precordial leads. The spatial relation of the exploring electrodes to the posterior heart, whose repolarization has been altered by cooling, is used to account adequately for the changes in the T wave. The effect of cooling is represented as a vector quantity which tended to be grouped around minus 90 degrees on the triaxial reference system. This localization supports the concept that the T-wave changes observed are due to the delayed repolarization of the posterior wall of the heart, induced by the ingestion of iced water. The ingestion of iced water causes a change in the direction and magnitude of the ventricular gradient; the effect of cooling is generally in a direction of minus 90 degrees; the magnitude is decreased if the control gradient is located in the fifth or sixth sextants and increased if originally in the first or second sextants.
Heterogeneous catalysis: Uniformity begets selectivity

A Pd4 cluster, supported by a metal–organic framework and formed by post-synthesis methods, shows high catalytic activity and selectivity for carbene-mediated reactions. This crystallographically precise material may lead to a large class of catalysts.
Humanities and Social Science Dissertations Published by University Presses: 2010–2014, Exploratory Observations

This study of humanities and social science dissertations published by university presses considers revised dissertations [RD’s] and their salient characteristics. Often dissertations in the humanities and social sciences become the sine qua non for advancement in academia; therefore, it is instructive to ascertain the ecology of dissertations published by university presses. Only revised dissertations [RD’s], and English language presses were surveyed from proprietary data provided by a North American book distributor [Yankee Book Peddler, Inc.] and were triaged for bibliographic aspects as well as for intellectual coverage. Disciplinary alignment, subject specializations, geographical distribution, as well degree of interdisciplinarity, and series publication highlight findings. Library of Congress Classification further articulated disciplinary orientation. Oxford and Cambridge University Presses, but presses are specialized by subject emphases. A significant number of RD’s are interdisciplinary, Eurocentric in subject and geographical coverage, historically oriented across LC Classes, and appear as titles in monographic series.
Modification of the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay to study phenolic antioxidants in a Caco-2 cell line

In vitro assays are widely used to analyze the antioxidant potential of compounds, but they cannot accurately predict antioxidant behavior in living systems. Cell-based assays, like the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay, are gaining importance as they provide a biological perspective. When the CAA assay was employed to study phenolic antioxidants using hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells, quercetin showed antioxidant activity in HepG2 cells; 25 and 250μM quercetin reduced fluorescence by 17.1±0.9% and 58.6±2.4%, respectively. (+)-Catechin, a phenolic antioxidant present in many foods, bestowed virtually no CAA in HepG2 cells. When Caco-2 cells were employed, more robust antioxidant activity was observed; 50μM (+)-catechin and quercetin reduced fluorescence by 54.1±1.4% and 63.6±0.9%, respectively. Based on these results, likely due to differences in active membrane transport between the cell types, the Caco-2-based CAA assay appears to be a more appropriate method for the study of certain dietary phenolics.
Localized pretibial bullous pemphigoid arising in a patient on pembrolizumab for metastatic melanoma.

Author(s): Amber, Kyle T; Valdebran, Manuel; Lu, Yuxin; De Feraudy, Sebastien; Linden, Kenneth G
A mathematical structure relating situation knowledge to performance

ABSTRACTThe linguistic conjecture that a person's knowledge regarding a situation affects some aspects of that person's performance at a task is translated into a mathematical structure. The structure contains a symbolic representation of the conjecture, along with a symbolic definition of what type of knowledge constitutes ‘situation’ knowledge. The structure is applied to a short example to demonstrate its use. The translation of the conjecture into a mathematical structure enables researchers to use a consistent, objective framework for testing hypothesised relationships between one's situation knowledge and performance, as well as enables mathematical tools to be applied to the study of this conjecture.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Chryseobacterium piscicola and Chryseobacterium shigense.

ABSTRACT We report the draft whole-genome sequences for Chryseobacterium piscicola and Chryseobacterium shigense type strains, bacteria that have been associated with fish gill disease.
Mindstorms as an electronic tangible across the computing curriculum

This paper discusses a four-year study that examined student evaluation of the integration of the Lego MindStorms RCX platform across a computing sciences curriculum at a mid-size liberal arts university. The study surveyed 178 students in introductory, intermediate, and advanced computer science courses on their experiences with a variety of Lego MindStorms lab modules. The study design takes into account earlier findings regarding deployment of MindStorms in laboratory projects. A feature of the study is that it examines student perception of the RCX's role as a general computing platform across the curriculum instead of as a robotics platform. The results indicate that students perceive the MindStorms platform as consistently relevant across the study of core computer science. The study also has implications for the integration of robotics within computing curricula.
The Revictimization of Companies by the Stock Market Who Report Trade Secret Theft Under the Economic Espionage Act

In 1996 Congress passed the Economic Espionage Act (EEA). One of the concerns surrounding the passage of the EEA was that publicly traded companies would be hesitant to report trade secret theft to the government for fear that doing so would adversely impact their stock prices. This article investigates whether that concern has merit. Using event study methodology, we found that the market does, in fact, negatively react to the reporting of trade secret theft under the EEA. Stated differently, these companies are "revictimized" by going public with their loss. Further, we found a strong statistical link between the value of the trade secret and subsequent decreases in stock value (i.e., the higher the value of the trade secret the greater the decrease in stock price). These findings have important implications regarding the efficacy of the EEA and future amendments. They also have important implications for corporate legal counsel, CEOs, managers, and shareholders.
THE CHANG JIANG (YANGTZE) ESTUARY: ESTABLISHING ITS PLACE IN THE COMMUNITY OF ESTUARIES

Abstract Among the World's rivers, the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) ranks fourth in length; fifth in average water discharge at its mouth; and fourth in suspended sediment discharge. Its ranking among the World's community of estuaries is less secure. Like the World's other estuaries, the Chang Jiang estuary was formed by the most recent rise of sea level. Because of its large sediment discharge, the estuary has been largely filled. The sea is being expelled at a rate of nearly 40 m yr-1. During the summer period of high river discharge, the estuary is displaced completely from its basin. At other times of the year, the head of the estuary extends inland only a few tens of kilometers. The estuary of the Chang Jiang not only is being driven seaward, but is being constricted at its mouth, and is migrating south. The remaining life span of the Chang Jiang estuary is short.
Group Differences in Generalized Linear Models

This chapter deals with making comparisons between fixed groups in the framework of generalized linear models. First, we briefly introduce generalized linear models, the most common type of regression models. Next, we discuss a simple system for analyzing group differences in regression. We primarily focus on two types of comparisons—analyzing differences in the parameter vectors of the linear predictor and differences in the underlying distributions for the groups in the model. To illustrate such comparative methods for group differences, we perform analyses using real-world data. Theoretically, group differences in regression estimates can be viewed as an example of conditional causality. Practically, testing group differences in regression may see many useful applications in social science research.
Pain, Stigma, & Neuroimaging: History, Ethics & Policy

Abstract The primary claim of this chapter is that clarifying the connections between neuroimaging, chronic pain, and stigma requires understanding of the history of objectivity. There is consensus that pain is treated inequitably and poorly in the West, at least in part because of its subjectivity. But understanding why the subjectivity of pain is problematic requires analysis of the epistemological stakes involved in declaring a particular truth claim objective or subjective. This chapter surveys the history of objectivity in the West, which is inextricably linked to scientific and medical imaging. The rise of the term mechanical objectivity in the mid-19th century is particularly important in pinpointing how modern ideas of truth and certainty become connected to natural objects that can be imaged, including material pathologies that can be clinically correlated with subjective illness complaints. The chapter links this historical analysis to contemporary problems with pain stigma and explores how novel neuroimaging techniques run the risk of intensifying such stigma against pain sufferers, regardless of the best intentions of the scientists who are developing and refining the techniques.
From pediatrics to geriatrics: Mechanisms of heart failure across the life-course.

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health problem and a disease with high 5-year mortality. Although age is the primary risk factor for development of HF, it is a disease which impacts patients of all ages. Historically, HF has been studied as a one-size fits all strategy- with the majority of both clinical and basic science investigations employing adult male subjects or adult male pre-clinical animal models. We postulate that inclusion of biological variables in HF studies is necessary to improve our understanding of mechanisms of HF and improve outcomes. In this review, we will discuss age-specific differences in HF patients, particularly focusing on the pediatric and geriatric age groups. In addition, we will also discuss the biological variable of sex. Characterizing and understanding the mechanistic differences in these distinct HF populations can provide insights that will benefit and personalize therapeutic interventions. Further, we propose that future investigations into the cellular mechanisms involved in the developing and juvenile heart may provide valuable insights for targets that would be beneficial in aging patients.
Mental Fatigue Assessment in Prolonged BCI Use Through EEG and fNIRS

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes loss of motor neurons and progressive weakness including loss of speech. The use of a brain computer interface (BCI) can enable communication and increase quality of life but to date the effects of mental fatigue have been ignored. Mental fatigue due to prolonged BCI use can reduce the accuracy and increase the response time which leads to a decrease in the utility and usability of the BCI. This study is aimed to investigate biomarkers for electrophysiological and hemodynamic correlates of mental fatigue in a controlled experiment with ALS patients and healthy participants. These preliminary results indicated that EEG and fNIRS based biomarkers can be used to capture neurophysiological changes due to prolonged BCI use.
Effects of branched carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets on dielectric properties of thermoplastic polyurethane at different temperatures

Abstract Elastomers with high dielectric constant and low loss have potential applications in energy storage and conversion devices, and the study of dielectric-temperature dependence for dielectric elastomers is of great significance. Here, we report on a strategy to tune dielectric constant and loss of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites by using hybrids of carbon nanostructures (CNS, also known as branched carbon nanotubes) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). At the same filler content, CNS have a greater contribution to the total dielectric constant than GNP, however it is accompanied by a larger loss tangent. By contrast, using a CNS-GNP hybrid results in improved dielectric properties, i.e. high dielectric constant and low loss tangent for a wide temperature range, as well as the same elongation at break as neat TPU. Additionally, the dielectric-temperature dependence for TPU/CNS composites enables the potential applications for temperature sensors by correlating temperature with dielectric constant. This study enhances understanding of the effect of filler type and temperature on dielectric properties of TPU composites, as well as their mechanical properties, introducing an effective strategy for the property optimization of dielectric elastomers as functional materials for sensor and actuator applications.
Abstract LB-214: Imputation of single cell cancer genotypes

Recent advances in sequencing technologies and emerging single cell sequencing promise to profoundly impact cancer studies. One of the most important problems is reconstruction of history of cancer mutations. Existing methods model cells DNA as haplotypes and reconstruct perfect (or almost perfect) phylogeny of mutations from single cell DNA sequencing data. In this paper we propose to reconstruct genotypes (rather than haplotypes) which in absence of repeated and omitted mutations is equivalent to reconstruction of the mutation phylogeny. Single cell genotype reconstruction is proposed to perform in two steps - first the sequencing data are used for imputation of cell genotypes treated as individual human genomes and then the resulted genomes are fitted to perfect phylogeny by eliminating 4-gamete rule violations using integer linear programs. Our simulation results show advantage of single cell genotype imputation over existing methods. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Alex Zelikovsky, Igor Mandric, Pavel Skums, Ion Mandoiu, Bogdan Pasaniuc, Pramod Srivastava. Imputation of single cell cancer genotypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-214.
The Secret History of the Fair Housing Act

The dominant scholarly consensus holds that the Fair Housing Act of 1968 was “toothless” and devoid of enforcement; in the words of the pre-eminent scholars of US housing segregation, it was “intentionally designed so that it would not and could not work.” This Article demonstrates that this consensus is wrong, and that in fact the Fair Housing Act contained ample enforcement mechanisms. Moreover, it reveals the “secret history” of the Fair Housing Act, namely, that it passed in 1968 not through Congressional perfidy but rather through a classic political deal between President Lyndon Johnson and Senate Republican Leader Everett Dirksen, in which a weakened Dirksen agreed to support fair housing to preserve his leadership position and very probably his Senate seat. These conclusions force us to fundamentally reconsider the history of housing discrimination and segregation in the United States since the passage of the Act, and re-think how housing integration might be achieved in the future.
Adverse Perioperative Events in Children with Complex Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Operative Scoliosis Repair in the Contemporary Era

Scoliosis is common in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and may have deleterious effects on quality of life and hemodynamics. Relatively little is known about the outcomes of spinal fusion for scoliosis repair in children with complex CHD. We reviewed all cases of children with CHD undergoing first time spinal fusion excluding those with minor CHD between 1995 and 2015. Seventy-eight patients were identified and included in the study. 97.4% of patients included had undergone prior cardiac surgery and sixteen patients had single ventricle circulations. 17.9% of patients experienced a significant perioperative event defined as an aggregate of the presence of any of the following: need for early unanticipated reoperation, neurologic deficit, postoperative bleeding requiring intervention, end organ dysfunction, or death. There were no deaths in our cohort. 38.5% of patients experienced any adverse event, the majority of which were related to perioperative fluid shifts. Larger preoperative Cobb angle and longer length of spinal fusion were associated with increased risk of significant perioperative event while larger preoperative Cobb angle and longer length of spinal fusion, older age at time of surgery, single ventricle circulation, cyanosis and patients taking cardiac medications at the time of surgery were more likely to experience any adverse event. Operative repair of scoliosis in children with complex CHD has been performed without mortality over a 20-year period in a single institution, albeit with a higher rate of perioperative complication than is seen in the general pediatric population. Patients with large preoperative Cobb angles and cyanotic single ventricle circulations appear to be at the highest risk for perioperative complications.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a disorder of coagulation which is commonly seen as a complication of infections, traumas, obstetric diseases, and cancers especially hematological and rarely solid cancers. DIC may rarely be the presenting feature of an undiagnosed malignancy. It may present in the form of different phenotypes which makes its diagnosis difficult and leads to high mortality. The treatment comprises supportive, symptomatic treatment and removal of the underlying source. Here, we present a patient with history of being on warfarin for atrial fibrillation and other comorbidities who presented with elevated INR of 6.3 and increasing dyspnea on exertion. Over the course of her stay, her platelet counts started dropping with a concurrent decrease in fibrinogen levels. She eventually developed pulmonary embolism, followed by stroke and limb ischemia, which was indicative of the thrombotic phenotype of DIC. Her pleural fluid analysis showed huge burden of malignant cells in glandular pattern suggestive of adenocarcinoma and was started on heparin drip. However, the patient had cardiac arrest and expired on the same day of diagnosis.
Autonomy system for USV/UUV coordinated sampling

An autonomy system that allows a Boeing-Liquid Robotics Wave Glider, an unmanned surface vehicle (USV), to optimally track a Teledyne-Webb Research Slocum Glider, a buoyancy-driven, unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), by exploiting environmental information is described, along with operational results from a 2-month experiment offshore Iceland. To conduct collocated oceanographic observations with this heterogeneous mix of unmanned assets, autonomy routines were developed to predict Slocum Glider surfacing locations and plan a Wave Glider path that minimized geographic separation between the two platforms. Prediction and planning engines are tuned to the unique performance characteristics of each platform. To ensure survivability of the Wave Glider in the extreme seas present at our study site, autonomy was developed to switch the Wave Glider control between mission objectives and platform survivability. The best estimate of a Slocum Glider's path during a flight segment is based on commanded and measured information from the Slocum Glider just before diving: average speed over ground (SOG), desired heading, depth averaged current (DAC), and the duration of the dive profile. For the Slocum, the DAC is computed from the offset between the expected and actual surfacing location during the previous dive, divided by the segment duration. This time-invariant treatment of the ocean current structure is found to be inadequate to accurately predict vehicle surfacing locations in regions where tidally-driven or other rapidly time-evolving flow patterns dominate. An improved model for predicting Slocum Glider trajectories in the Iceland Basin that incorporates real-time current measurements from a Wave Glider-mounted acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a short-term predictive tidal model is used to improve the estimate of depth average current. This capability is unique in that no additional information is explicitly exchanged between the vehicles (say from an acoustic modem). The improved path plan is uploaded to the USV in real-time via satcomms, allowing the surface asset to remain close to the UUV for coordinated scientific sampling.
Vision Needs of Children Who Failed School-based Vision Screening with and without Eyeglasses.

PURPOSE To compare the vision needs of children wearing and not wearing eyeglasses who failed school-based vision screening. METHODS Students aged 4 to 16 years in 41 Baltimore City schools were screened using distance visual acuity (VA) and photoscreening. Students failing screening underwent school-based non-cycloplegic examination. We compared students who were wearing eyeglasses at failed screening with those not wearing eyeglasses with respect to age, sex, right-eye refractive error, right-eye presenting, and best-corrected VA (BCVA). RESULTS A total of 2176 students failed screening and completed the examination; 94 (4.3%) failed while wearing eyeglasses. Students wearing eyeglasses were older (mean age 10.2 vs 8.8 years, p < .001). Myopia (72.3% vs 46.0%, p < .001), severe myopia, ≥6.00 spherical equivalent diopters (D) (9.6% vs 1.8%, p < .001), astigmatism (66.4% vs 50.8%, p = .004), and severe astigmatism, ≥3.00 D of cylinder (14.9% vs 7.0%, p = .008) were more common in students wearing eyeglasses. The prescription rate was higher for students wearing eyeglasses at failed screening compared with those not (95.7% vs 80.4%, p < .001). About 4% of the children in both groups required referral to community providers for non-refractive pathology, such as strabismus or amblyopia (p = .6). CONCLUSION Children who fail vision screening while wearing eyeglasses nearly always needed an updated prescription and had more severe refractive errors than those not wearing eyeglasses. However, the community referral rate was the same for both groups. School-based programs can support children currently wearing eyeglasses that may be incorrect or outdated.
Sera SST2 Levels Differ by Sex and Age for Myocardial Infarct and Cardiomyopathy

Background Elevated sera soluble (s)ST2 levels are an emerging novel biomarker in the clinic used to predict mortality from acute and chronic heart failure, and have been found to predict heart failure from biopsy-proven and clinically suspected myocarditis based on New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, particularly in men under age 50. Objective Here we investigated whether sera sST2 levels differed according to sex and age for several cardiovascular conditions. Methods Adults with myocardial infarction (MI) (n=151), cardiomyopathy (a general category, not clinically suspected myocarditis per se) (n=293), congestive heart failure (CHF) (n=286), and coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=239), were identified from the Mayo Clinic Biobank. Sera sST2 levels were examined using the FDA approved Critical Diagnostics sST2 ELISA kit. Results Sera sST2 levels were significantly higher in men with MI (p=0.03) and cardiomyopathy (p=0.004) compared to women, but not CHF or CAD. The sex difference was observed in men over age 50 for MI (p=0.01) and cardiomyopathy (p=0.0075). Women with MI under age 50 had significantly higher levels of sST2 than women over age 50 (p=0.001). Previously, we reported that sST2 levels were increased in biopsy-proven or clinically suspected myocarditis patients with NYHA class III-IV heart failure for both sexes (p=0.005, p=0.002, respectively), with a strong correlation in men (p=0.0003, p Conclusion We found in this study that older, male patients with MI or cardiomyopathy had elevated sera sST2 levels. We showed previously that sST2 levels are elevated in the sera of men under the age of 50 in biopsy-confirmed and clinically suspected myocarditis patients, which represents the ‘acute’ stage of the disease. In contrast MI and cardiomyopathy/dilated cardiomyopathy typically occur after age 50, which coincides with the observation of elevated sera sST2 in these conditions after age 50 in this study. The findings of this study highlight the importance of examining inflammatory cardiovascular biomarkers like sST2 according to sex and age.
Quantitative assessment of portal hypertension with bi-parametric dual-frequency hepatic MR elastography in mouse models

To determine the potential of bi-parametric dual-frequency hepatic MR elastography (MRE) for predicting portal pressure (PP) in mouse models of portal hypertension (PHTN) with the presence of varying hepatic fibrosis. We studied 73 wild-type male mice, including 22 mice with hepatic congestion, 20 mice with cholestatic liver injury, and 31 age-matched sham mice. Hepatic shear stiffness (SS) and volumetric strain (VS) were calculated by 3D MRE acquired at 80 and 200 Hz. We measured PP immediately after MRE. Liver fibrosis was verified by hydroxyproline assay. We predicted PP by fitting generalized linear models with single- and dual-frequency SS and VS, respectively. The relationship between predicted and actual PP was evaluated by Spearman’s correlation. We compared the prediction accuracy of portal hypertension for all models with DeLong tests at a significance level of 0.05. Animals with congestive or cholestatic liver disease developed significant PHTN and hepatic fibrosis to varying degrees. In both models, SS increased, while VS decreased significantly compared with shams. All bi-parametric models had high diagnostic accuracy for PHTN. The dual-frequency models (AUCs: 0.90 [81–95%], 0.91 [81–95%]) had substantially or significantly higher accuracy than single-frequency ones (AUCs: 0.83 [71–91%], and 0.78 [66–87%]). The predicted PP of dual-frequency models also showed stronger correlations with actual PP than single-frequency predictions. The bi-parametric dual-frequency model improved the diagnostic accuracy of liver MRE in diagnosing PHTN in preclinical models. This technical advance has the potential to monitor PHTN progression and treatment efficacy in the presence of varying fibrosis. • Bi-parametric hepatic MR elastography can predict portal pressure. • The prediction models of shear stiffness and volumetric strain with dual-frequency measurements demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy (AUCs > 0.9) in two different portal hypertension mouse models with varying fibrosis.
The interplay between cancer type, panel size and tumor mutational burden threshold in patient selection for cancer immunotherapy

The tumor mutational burden (TMB) is increasingly recognized as an emerging biomarker that predicts improved outcomes or response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer. A multitude of technical and biological factors make it difficult to compare TMB values across platforms, histologies, and treatments. Here, we present a mechanistic model that explains the association between panel size, histology, and TMB threshold with panel performance and survival outcome and demonstrate the limitations of existing methods utilized to harmonize TMB across platforms.
From ‘overseas Sikhs’ to ‘the Sikh diaspora’ to ‘global Sikhs’: Retrospect and prospects in the study of Sikhs beyond the subcontinent

In this slightly revised version of my presentation of 4 September 2019 at the inaugural conference of The Centre for Sikh and Panjabi Studies at the University of Wolverhampton, U.K., I identify a...
Association of Diet and Lifestyle With the Risk of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms in US Women.

This cohort study evaluated the joint association of dietary and lifestyle factors with risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms among women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II.
Méthode actuelle de détermination du facteur Rhésus en contexte de transfusion et de grossesse.

Si elles recoivent une transfusion de sang Rh positif, les patientes de type Rh negatif peuvent devenir immunisees contre l’immunoglobuline (Ig) anti-D[1][1]. Ces patientes sont exposees a un risque de reactions transfusionnelles graves, et si elles deviennent enceintes, le fœtus pourrait
Wikipedia @ 20, stories of an incomplete revolution: edited by joseph reagle and jackie koerner, the MIT press (2020), cambridge, Massachusetts; london, England, U.S. $27.95

Wikipedia @ 20 is an edited volume put together by Joseph Reagle and Jackie Koerner to celebrate Wikipedia’s 20th birthday, taking advantage of this significant milestone to pause and reflect on th...
ShapeY: Measuring Shape Recognition Capacity Using Nearest Neighbor Matching.

Object recognition in humans depends primarily on shape cues. We have developed a new approach to measuring the shape recognition performance of a vision system based on nearest neighbor view matching within the system's embedding space. Our performance benchmark, ShapeY, allows for precise control of task difficulty, by enforcing that view matching span a specified degree of 3D viewpoint change and/or appearance change. As a first test case we measured the performance of ResNet50 pre-trained on ImageNet. Matching error rates were high. For example, a 27 degree change in object pitch led ResNet50 to match the incorrect object 45% of the time. Appearance changes were also highly disruptive. Examination of false matches indicates that ResNet50's embedding space is severely "tangled". These findings suggest ShapeY can be a useful tool for charting the progress of artificial vision systems towards human-level shape recognition capabilities.
Extremal Problems Concerning Numbers of Faces

In chapters 8 and 9 we obtained information on the f-vectors of d-polytopes, and of some special classes of d-polytopes, by determining the affine hull of all the f-vectors of polytopes in the class considered. In other words, we were concerned with the linear relations satisfied by the f-vectors of all polytopes belonging to a certain class. Chapter 10 reports on the present knowledge about non-linear relations existing between the components of f-vectors of certain classes of polytopes. As will be seen, results in this direction are still rather incomplete—despite the considerable interest and efforts devoted to some aspects of these problems.
Modeling Turbulent Subglacial Meltwater Plumes: Implications for Fjord-Scale Buoyancy-Driven Circulation

AbstractFjord-scale circulation forced by rising turbulent plumes of subglacial meltwater has been identified as one possible mechanism of oceanic heat transfer to marine-terminating outlet glaciers. This study uses buoyant plume theory and a nonhydrostatic, three-dimensional ocean–ice model of a typical outlet glacier fjord in west Greenland to investigate the sensitivity of meltwater plume dynamics and fjord-scale circulation to subglacial discharge rates, ambient stratification, turbulent diffusivity, and subglacial conduit geometry. The terminal level of a rising plume depends on the cumulative turbulent entrainment and ambient stratification. Plumes with large vertical velocities penetrate to the free surface near the ice face; however, midcolumn stratification maxima create a barrier that can trap plumes at depth as they flow downstream. Subglacial discharge is varied from 1–750 m3 s−1; large discharges result in plumes with positive temperature and salinity anomalies in the upper water column. For ...
Predictors and Correlates of Adaptive Functioning in Children with Developmental Disorders

Autism is a developmental disorder marked by impairments in socialization, communication, and perseverative behavior and is associated with cognitive impairment and deficits in adaptive functioning. Research has consistently demonstrated that children with autism have deficits in adaptive functioning more severe than their cognitive deficits. This study investigates the correlates and predictors of adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales in high- and low-functioning children with autism and their age and nonverbal IQ matched controls. Thirty-five 9-year-old children with high-functioning autism (HAD) were compared with 31 age-matched children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and 40 9-year-old children with low-functioning autism (LAD) were compared with 17 age-matched children with low IQ on adaptive functioning, IQ, autistic symptomology, and tests of language and verbal memory. Results indicate that both groups with autism were significantly impaired compared to their matched controls on Socialization and Daily Living, but not Communication and that these impairments were more pronounced in the HAD group than in the LAD group. Adaptive behavior was strongly correlated with autistic symptomology only in the HAD group. Regression analyses indicated that IQ was strongly predictive of adaptive behavior in both low-functioning groups, but tests of language and verbal memory predicted adaptive behavior in the higher functioning groups. Results suggest that IQ may act as a limiting factor for lower functioning children but higher functioning children are impaired by specific deficits, including autistic symptomology and impaired language and verbal memory.
Energieorientierte Maschinenbelegungsplanung auf Basis evolutionärer Algorithmen

Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, die okonomischen Einsparpotentiale einer energieorientierten Maschinenbelegungsplanung bei diskontinuierlichen Produktionsprozessen anhand eines Beispiels aus der Textilindustrie aufzuzeigen. Dazu wird das vorliegende Planungsproblem als resource levelling problem abgebildet. Der entwickelte, heuristische Losungsansatz beruht auf einem evolutionaren Algorithmus.
Evolutionary conservation of a cell fate specification gene: the Hydra achaete-scute homolog has proneural activity in Drosophila

Members of the Achaete-scute family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are involved in cell fate specification in vertebrates and invertebrates. We have isolated and characterized a cnidarian achaete-scute homolog, CnASH, from Hydra vulgaris, a representative of an evolutionarily ancient branch of metazoans. There is a single achaete-scute gene in Hydra, and the bHLH domain of the predicted gene product shares a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity with those of vertebrate and Drosophila Achaete-scute proteins. In Hydra, CnASH is expressed in a subset of the interstitial cells as well as differentiation intermediates of the nematocyte pathways. In vitro translated CnASH protein can form heterodimers with the Drosophila bHLH protein Daughterless, and these dimers bind to consensus Achaete-scute DNA binding sites in a sequence-specific manner. Ectopic expression of CnASH in wild-type late third instar Drosophila larvae and early pupae leads to the formation of ectopic sensory organs, mimicking the effect of ectopic expression of the endogenous achaete-scute genes. Expression of CnASH in flies that are achaete and scute double mutants gives partial rescue of the mutant phenotype, comparable to the degree of rescue obtained by ectopic expression of the Drosophila genes. These results indicate that the achaete-scute type of bHLH genes for cell fate specification, as well as their mode of action, arose early and have been conserved during metazoan evolution.
High Field Magnetotransport in CeRh1-xIrxIn5 Heavy Electron Alloys

The interplay of magnetism and superconductivity has been a recurring theme in heavy fermion compounds. Recently, alloys of CeRhIn5 (antiferromagnet at 3.8 K) and CeIrIn5 (superconductor at 0.4 K) have been grown, i.e. CeRh1-xIrxIn5. For x = 0.5, specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate at ~3.6 K an antiferromagnetic transition occurs. Decreasing temperature still further, a superconducting transition is observed at 0.8 K. Thus this alloy series offers the possibility of exploring the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in a Ce-based heavy fermion system. We have initiated a magnetotransport study from 1.4 to 300 K with applied fields to 18 T, to probe the behavior of these systems at temperatures above the possible coexistence region. In this paper we will focus on comparing the high field magnetotransport properties of CeRh0.9Ir0.1In5 to the end compounds CeRhIn5 and CeIrIn5.
Neurobehavioral correlates of chronic hepatitis C

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus is a major public health concern in the United States and worldwide, and persons with psychiatric histories are more likely to have chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Neurobehavioral consequences of CHC are common in all phases of the disease process and significantly contribute to morbidity. Antiviral treatment also is associated with neurobehavioral difficulties that can interfere with successful completion of treatment and result in fewer patients clearing the virus. Fatigue, depression, cognitive dysfunction, and anxiety are the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms reported by patients with CHC regardless of treatment status. Behavioral health care professionals can play a vital role in decreasing the personal and societal burden of CHC by being active members of the treatment team and by furthering knowledge of how to manage neurobehavioral correlates of CHC.
TRACER EXPERIMENTS TO ASSESS METABOLIC CONVERSIONS OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS.

Fifteen groups of rats were maintained on diets free of fat or supplemented with different levels of linoleate, arachidonate or linolenate. After 100 days on the diets the rats were sacrificed and liver slices were incubated with acetate-1-14C. The individual fatty acids were separated by gas chromatography and their radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting. The C20 esters were separated by GLC, collected, and the structures of the components were determined by ozonolysis. The acetate incorporation into the various polyunsaturated fatty acids was influenced by the previous dietary conditioning. The distributions of radioactivity indicated that metabolic reactions taking place in the rat liver are modified by dietary supply of essential fatty acids.
14 IGF-I AND IGF-II IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN CONDITIONED MEDIA FROM PRIMARYY CULTURES OF RAT SERTOLI CELIS

IFG-I production by rat Sertoli cells has been reported, but evidences of IGF-II production are lacking. Trying to prove it, we measured IGF-II (as well as IGF-I) immunoreactivity in conditioned media from primary cultures of Sertoli cells from 8 day-old rats. After isolation the cells were cultured for 24 hrs in a 1: 1 mixture of mediums F12: DME with 10 ug/ml transferrin, 5 ug/ml insulin, 5 ug/ml vitamin E, 4 ug/ml hidrocortisone, 100 U/ml penicillin, 2.5 ug/ml amphotericin B. The cells were then cultured for 48 hs in medium without insulin and immediately afterwards the conditioned media and the cells were collected and analyzed separately. The RIAs employed human recombinant IGF-I and IGF-II for standard and tracer, a polyclonal anti IGF-I antibody and a monoclonal anti IGF-II antibody. To avoid interference by IGF binding proteins previous to RIAs the conditioned media were extracted with a mixture of formic acid-Tween 20-acetone. With the same purpose 8ng/tube IGF-I was added to the IGF-II RIA buffer. Recovery of added 1251 IGF-II after the extraction procedure was 101.2±3.9 % (X ± SD, n=4). Both IGFs were present in the conditioned media. Serial dilutions of the wxtracted media were parallel to the standard curves. IGF-I ommunoreactivity in the condiotioned media was 84±20 pg/ug DNA while IGF-II immunoreactivity was 802±209 pg/ug DNA(X-SEM, n=4). Our results tend to confirme IGF-II production by rat Sertoli cells.
Primary motor cortex receives input from area 3a in macaques

Abstract Intracortical microstimulation was used to define topographic sectors and the rostral border of primary motor cortex in adult macaques (Macaca mulatta). In the same animals, injections of fluorescent tracers were made within defined regions of primary motor cortex. Retrogradely labeled neurons were topographically distributed in area 3a, with most neurons located in layer III, and fewer neurons situated in layers V and IV. These findings suggest that muscle afferent information, thought to be important in a closed-loop made of function, may reach primary motor cortex directly from cortical area 3a.
Conformational Preferences of β-Carotene in the Confined Spaces inside Carbon Nanotubes

Conformations of β-carotene molecules encapsulated in single walled carbon nanotubes (Car@SWNT) are modeled and evaluated based on experimental Raman spectra from the literature, most notably the emergence of a new band. A combination of molecular mechanics and density functional theory calculations is used in order to shed light on the complex interplay between distortions from equilibrium geometry and increased intermolecular interactions that takes place inside of carbon nanotubes. By optimizing the calculated Raman spectrum relative to the frequency shifts and emerging band observed experimentally, we extract conformational information from the experimental Raman spectrum and generate two structures that together inform about the encapsulated carotene structure.
Stable and Fair Power Control in Vehicle Safety Networks

Cooperative vehicle safety (CVS) systems operate based on frequent broadcast of vehicle state (e.g., position, heading, and speed) and safety information to other vehicles over a wireless local area network. Such networks are formed using dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) technology. In crowded networks, the shared wireless channel may become congested and fail to deliver the broadcast information, potentially affecting the reliability of CVS applications. This issue, which is known as a scalability issue, has been identified as one of the challenges to be addressed with high-scale deployment of vehicle safety networks. Several scalability algorithms have been recently introduced and studied in the literature; currently, a select number of algorithms are under study by industry for possible adoption and standardization. One method used by some algorithms is congestion control through power or range adaptation. In this paper, we analyze two existing range control algorithms in terms of time stability and spatial fairness. We derive stability conditions for the main range control scheme that is currently under study. An improved algorithm that relaxes these conditions is then proposed, and its convergence properties are studied in detail. We show that the algorithm is stable and can be controlled to quickly converge to desired operation points. Finally, fairness properties of several power control schemes are studied, and an enhancement method is presented that ensures that spatial fairness is achieved by the presented power control schemes.
Use of a new sealing device to simplify jejunal resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy

Abstract Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy has undergone numerous technical modifications since the original reported series in 1935, but little focus has been directed to the dissection and ligation of the mesenteric blood supply to the first portion of the jejunum. Methods Sixty-four patients in whom the device was used were compared to a historical cohort of 128 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. Results The technique described provided a rapid, ergonomically efficient method to complete step 5 of pancreaticoduodenectomy. We found no differences in average hospital length of stay (LOS), reoperation rate, morbidity, mortality, or postoperative readmission rates between patients operated on before or after adoption of this technique Conclusion The Ligasure sealing device (Valleylab, Boulder, CO) provides an excellent, safe alternative to the classic use of clamps and ties when resecting the first portion of the jejunum during pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Living with uncertainty: Equivocal Pap test results and the evolution of ASC terminology

Communication of equivocal findings and their significance has been a significant challenge related to Pap testing throughout its history. Terminology to report these findings has changed considerably to accommodate the changes in understanding of cervical neoplasia, and to accommodate new management strategies, tests, and technologies. This article reviews the evolution of terminology for equivocal Pap test findings from the original Papanicolaou classification to the current the Bethesda System 2001 atypical squamous cells terminology, the implication and use of these terms, and the changing landscape of cervical neoplasia screening, which prompted these terminology changes. Emerging issues related to improving risk stratification through the introduction of additional terms and the impact of human papillomavirus testing may alter terminology of equivocal findings in the future.
Building And Bridge Classification By Moment Invariants

A classification algorithm for building and bridge structures, based on the invariant moments, is described. Development of the algorithm was motivated by the concept of a short-range cruise-missile-type weapon, the mission of which is to acquire and hand off high-value fixed targets to a terminal guidance tracker. In every case of applying the algorithm to actual IR images, the target classification score, even for a complex urban scene, has exceeded any competing image segment by 25 percent.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.