cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms in theater and regional brain volume in Gulf War Veterans.

Abstract Background We previously reported evidence of reduced cortical gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and hippocampal volume in Gulf War (GW) veterans with predicted exposure to low-levels of nerve agent according to the 2000 Khamisiyah plume model analysis. Because there is suggestive evidence that other nerve agent exposures may have occurred during the Gulf War, we examined the association between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms sound during deployment in the Gulf War and regional brain volume in GW veterans. Methods Ninety consecutive GW veterans (15 female, mean age: 52 ± 8 years) participating in a VA-funded study underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T scanner. Freesurfer (version 5.1) was used to obtain regional measures of cortical GM, WM, hippocampal, and insula volume. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between the self-reported frequencies of hearing chemical alarms during the Gulf War and regional brain volume. Results There was an inverse association between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms sound and total cortical GM (adjusted p = 0.007), even after accounting for potentially confounding demographic and clinical variables, the veterans’ current health status, and other concurrent deployment-related exposures that were correlated with hearing chemical alarms. Post-hoc analyses extended the inverse relationship between the frequency of hearing chemical alarms to GM volume in the frontal (adjusted p = 0.02), parietal (adjusted p = 0.01), and occipital (adjusted p = 0.001) lobes. In contrast, regional brain volumes were not significantly associated with predicted exposure to the Khamisiyah plume or with Gulf War Illness status defined by the Kansas or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Conclusions Many veterans reported hearing chemical alarms sound during the Gulf War. The current findings suggest that exposure to substances that triggered those chemical alarms during the Gulf War likely had adverse neuroanatomical effects.
Carrier-mediated uptake of lucifer yellow in skate and rat hepatocytes: a fluid-phase marker revisited

Uptake of lucifer yellow (LY), a fluorescent disulfonic acid anionic dye, was studied in isolated skate (Raja erinacea) perfused livers and primary hepatocytes to evaluate its utility as a fluid-ph...
Notes on a New Fungus of the Boll Weevil.

On examination of some carbo-xylol mounts of boll weevil structures, the alimentary tract of one was found to contain ten resting sporangia of the fungus Pseudolpidium sp?. of the Family Chytridiales.
Tensile cracking of a brittle conformal coating on a rough substrate

This note examines the effect of interfacial roughness on the initiation and growth of channel cracks in a brittle film. A conformal film with cusp-like surface flaws that replicate the substrate roughness is investigated. This type of surface flaw is relatively severe in the sense that stress diverges as the cusp-tip is approached (i.e., there is a power-law stress singularity). For the geometry and range of film properties considered, the analysis suggests that smoothing the substrate could substantially increase the film’s resistance to the formation of the through-the-thickness cracks that precede channel cracking. However, smoothing the substrate’s surface has a relatively modest effect on the film stress needed to propagate a channel crack.
Mucosal coating agents and other nonantisecretory agents. Are they cytoprotective

Gastric cytoprotection is protection against gross and histological gastric mucosal injury by a mechanism other than inhibition of neutralization of gastric acid secretion. Animal studies have shown that a variety of agents afford such a protective effect. With some of these agents, a similar protective effect has been shown in man. This protective effect must be distinguished from an action that enhances healing of an already established mucosal lesion as an ulcer. It is yet to be established that the cytoprotective effect of an agent enhances ulcer healing. Agents other than prostaglandins that have been shown to possess such a cytoprotective effect in animals are reviewed. Some, such as sucralfate, act via stimulation of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, while others, such as DeNol, neomycin, and meciadanol, do not. Investigation of the mechanism through which these agents enhance gastric mucosal defense is a fertile field for investigation.
Analysis of monitoring results of brucellosis for 14 years in Zibo

Objective:The adoption of Zibo City in 1994～2007 brucellosis in patients suspected of monitoring serology results of the analysis,to explore the city of Zibo brucellosis outbreak of the incidence and characteristics of the popular trend of brucellosis epidemic prevention and control work of science Basis.Methods:In 1994～2007 the way the city district and county inspection of suspected Brucellosis patients serum,Reiter′s use of test-tube agglutination test for detection of brucellosis antibodies.Results:Testing specimens were 1063,199 brucellosis-positive people,the positive rate was 18.72 percent;848 men,men of the total number of samples of 79.77%,and 151 were positive,the positive rate was 17.81 percent,the incidence of men than women;disease Mainly young adults aged 15 to-59-year-old group of 924 cases,161 were positive,the positive rate was 17.42%% of farmers accounted for 624 cases,103 were positive,the positive rate of 16.51%%.Conclusion:Picked up the reasons for the conclusion of the epidemic,the future proposals to strengthen the management of the source of infection,cut off the routes of transmission of the virus to strengthen animal quarantine and vaccination between,Bing Xu and out of isolation and disinfection of environmental pollution treatment and 3,increase the professional crowd The publicity,so that the masses have in-depth understanding of the disease,and enhance self-protection awareness of the disease after treatment in a timely manner to control the epidemic rise to lower morbidity.
Prandial Insulin Dosing: How Long Does It Take to Go 80 Miles?

There is a famous YouTube video in which a driver asks a passenger to determine the time it takes to travel 80 miles if one is traveling at 80 miles per hour (1). The passenger struggles with this concept despite the driver’s best efforts to review basic math principles and, in fact, never quite gets the idea. It is humorous because the passenger keeps introducing elements that really have nothing to do with solving the equation, and viewers (and the driver) find it impossible to believe that the passenger cannot do such simple math. We recently came upon a pediatric prandial insulin order set that had us wondering if health care providers (HCPs) handle this kind of math any better. This outpatient order set is an 11-page document written by providers with expertise in diabetes management and is intended for use by school nurses who manage diabetes and adjust insulin doses while children with diabetes are at school. It is administered via a widely used electronic health record that features a template to allow for consistency in order terminology. It also allows some flexibility in adjusting the specific details for a given order (e.g., to personalize a patient’s insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio). The basal dose of insulin is typically given at home, and there is a separate set of orders for programming prandial insulin dosing for those who use an insulin pump. This commentary only focuses on the prandial component. The pump and basal insulin orders will not be addressed. Depending on how a school manages diabetes for their students, the orders are engaged by either a nurse or a parent designated authority (PDA). For those not familiar with the PDA concept, a PDA is someone from the general public who volunteers during the academic year to help manage diabetes for a …
The Rhetoric of Choice: Restoring Healthcare to the Abortion Right

In 1973 the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade both identified a constitutional right of abortion and asserted that, “the abortion decision in all its aspects is inherently, and primarily, a medical decision” to be made in consultation with a “responsible physician.” The Court thereby vested in doctors, instead of exclusively in women, the discretion to make the abortion decision. The Roe Court’s accommodation of the “medical model” of abortion reform was criticized for subordinating women’s constitutional rights to the judgment of their doctors. Since that time, the Court’s analysis has shifted to identify abortion exclusively as a right of decisional autonomy. However, the scholarship of abortion has left unanswered an important question: What, if anything, was lost when the Court turned from the medical model of reform towards identifying abortion as a right of decisional autonomy? In this article I call attention to and examine a previously unrecognized benefit of the Court’s early abortion analysis: Under the medical model, the Court viewed abortion as a right that was inextricably linked to healthcare. It was therefore more willing to protect access to abortion-related healthcare as integral to the right itself. While early cases compromised a woman’s constitutional right of choice by subordinating her decision to the judgment of her doctor, I argue that these cases better protected effective access to abortion via healthcare. By contrast, I demonstrate that the Court’s current analysis narrowly identifies abortion as a right of choice, uncoupled from access to healthcare. This analysis increasingly isolates pregnant women as rights holders, and no longer acknowledges them as medical consumers. While nominally protecting the abortion right, it has severed the access necessary to exercise the right. As a result, the right of abortion is in danger of becoming a right without a remedy. Restoring healthcare to the right of abortion will bring the Court’s analysis full-circle, back to recognizing abortion as a right of women’s healthcare, while rejecting the earlier medical reform analysis that cast women as passive objects in the healthcare system and deferred their decision-making to providers. Recognizing abortion as both healthcare and choice will allow the right of abortion to better withstand the challenges of legislation that seeks to restrict access to abortion-related healthcare, create broader appeal for the right by casting it in a gender-neutral context, and will expose the fiction that is currently being perpetuated that women possess a constitutional right to abortion when they have the right to choose abortion but are denied access to abortion services necessary to exercise that choice.
The effect of bile on electrolyte movement across canine gastric antral and fundic mucosa.

The effects of bile on ionic fluxes in pyloric-gland-area gastric pouches were compared to its effects on pouches of the oxyntic gland area. HC1 (160 m n ) was instilled into these pouches before and after 30-min exposure of the mucosa to human hepatic bile (consisting of glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, and small amounts of glycodeoxycholate, with little evidence of taurine conjugates or unconjugated bile acids; total bile salt concentration: 8.7 to 9.4 m m ) and to canine bile. The net flux for certain ions was greatly increased immediately after contact with bile in both types of pouches. In pyloric-gland-area pouches, H+ losses increased 2.4 to 3.5-fold, and the rate of Na+ entry increased 1.4- to 1.7-fold, whereas K+ entry increased only slightly. The oxyntic-gland-area pouches were less permeable to these ions during control periods. After bile contact, however, H+ losses were 1.9 to 5.2 times greater than during control periods, the rate of K+ entry was 4.6 to 10.8 times greater, and the rate of Na+ entry was 1.7 to 5.4 times greater. These increased net ionic fluxes were rapidly reversible. Despite the greater permeability of normal pyloric-gland-area mucosa, a barrier to ionic diffusion exists in this area and it is impaired by contact with bile.
Measurement of photon echoes at 1.5 µm in Er 3 +:Y 2 Si0 5 using a diode laser and amplifier

Coherent transient phenomena, particularly photon echoes, provide fundamental information on structure and dynamics of solids and provide the mechanism for time domain optical storage, signal routing, and processing.1 For these applications, materials are needed in the 1.5-μm telecommunications window, and erbium-doped crystals using the 4I15/2(1) → 4I13/2(1) transition are one important class of such materials.
An Examination of Reputational Costs and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Firms with Valuable Consumer Brands

ABSTRACT: We expect firms with the greatest exposure to reputational damage among consumers will engage in lower levels of tax avoidance to minimize unwanted scrutiny that could impair the firms' reputation. We identify a set of firms with valuable consumer reputation using Harris Interactive's EquiTrend survey, which surveys consumers about their perceptions of valuable and prominent brands. We find evidence in support of our hypothesis that firms with valuable brands will engage in less tax avoidance. Specifically, we find a positive and significant association between our measure of reputation and both the GAAP and cash effective tax rates (measured over one and three years). We find mixed evidence on whether there is a negative and significant association between reputation and the probability the firm is engaging in tax sheltering.
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin in Combination with Low-Intensity Chemotherapy (mini-hyper-CVD) As Salvage Therapy for Adult Patients with Refractory/Relapse (R/R) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Background: Outcome of pts with R/R ALL is poor. Addition of IO to effective low-intensity chemotherapy might improve outcome. CD22 expression occurs in >90% of pts with ALL. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO) is a CD22 monoclonal antibody bound to a toxin, calecheamicin, and has shown single-agent activity in relapsed/refractory ALL with a response rate of 58% and median survival of 6.3 months. The addition of targeted non-myelosuppressive therapy to effective low-intensity chemotherapy might further improve outcome. Methods: Pts ≥18 years with R/R ALL were eligible. The chemotherapy was lower intensity than conventional hyper-CVAD and referred to as mini-hyper-CVD (cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone at 50% dose reduction, no anthracycline, methotrexate at 75% dose reduction, cytarabine at 0.5 g/m2 x 4 doses). Rituximab and intrathecal chemotherapy were given for first 4 courses. IO was given on Day 3 of each of the first 4 courses. Pts received IO at 1.8 mg/m2 for cycle 1 followed by 1.3 mg/m2 for subsequent cycles. Results: Thirty-five pts (14 men, 21 women) have been treated so far. Pts characteristics and outcome are summarized in Table 1. Median age is 35 yrs (range 9-87). Median follow-up is 10 months (mos). The overall response rate was 71%: 18 (51%) CR, 6 (17%) CRp, and 1 (3%) marrow CR. Four (11%) pts were refractory and early death was reported in 6 (17%) pts. Grade 3-4 non-hematological toxicities included infections, mucositis, increased LFTs, and VOD (1 on study who had prior allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 3 were post transplantation following IO therapy). Four (11%) pts were switched early to maintenance therapy due to poor functional status (n=1), infectious complications (n=2), and prolonged myelosuppression (n=1). Twelve (34%) pts proceeded to receive allogeneic stem cell transplantation; of the rest, 6 (17%) relapsed within 3 mos (range, 1 to 7). At the last follow-up, 17 pts (49%) are alive, 18 (51%) died: 6 early death (3 hemorrhage, 2 sepsis, and 1 unknown cause); 8 were responders (5 died post relapse after subsequent salvage, 2 died post transplantation VOD in 1, and 1 died due to sepsis and multiple organ failure), 4 were refractory and died of disease progression. The 6-month PFS and OS rates were 79% and 58%, respectively. Median survival for pts with CR/CRp/marrow CR was 14 mos versus less than 1 mo in pts with refractory disease. Furthermore, median survival was not reached in pts with S1, 4 mos in pts with S2 and 5 mos in pts with S3+. Conclusions: The combination of IO with low-intensity mini-hyper-CVD chemotherapy is effective and shows encouraging results (71% ORR) in pts with R/R ALL. Pts with previous liver damage and transplant candidate should be considered carefully for this treatment to minimize the risk of VOD. Disclosures Kadia:GSK: Research Funding; ARIA: Honoraria. Kantarjian:ARIAD: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.
The Geography of the April 25 (1993) Russian Referendum

Two geographers analyze the spatial dimension of results of the historic Russian referendum of April 25, 1993, which produced dramatic regional differences in the degree of support for President Boris Yel'tsin and his economic reform policies. The paper correlates the outcome of the referendum with demographic and economic performance variables for the political-administrative units of Russia. It thus assesses the extent to which approval of Yel'tsin was associated with such variables as urbanization, education, white collar work force, percentage of workers in agriculture, and age of the population. 5 figures, 5 tables, 23 references.
Surveillance of Antimalarial Resistance Molecular Markers in Imported Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Cases in Anhui, China, 2012-2016.

Abstract. Between 2012 and 2016, over 80% of registered malaria cases in Anhui province were Plasmodium falciparum returned from Africa. However, drug-resistance marker polymorphisms in imported P. falciparum cases have not been assessed. This study looked at the distribution of antimalarial–drug resistance by evaluating K13-propeller, pfmdr1, and pfcrt gene mutations. Fourteen synonymous and 15 nonsynonymous mutations in the K13-propeller gene were detected in samples from nine African countries, yet no candidate and validated K13 resistance mutations were found. The prevalence of pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y mutants was 27.7% and 19.9%, respectively. Six different pfcrt genotypes were found, with C72V73M74N75T76 being the most common (89.2%). The pfcrt 76-pfmdr1 86 haplotype combination was evaluated in 173 isolates, and the N86T76 genotype was the most prevalent (50.3%). Notably, the prevalence of the N86Y mutation in Africa marked a decline from 31.0% in 2012 to 8.2% in 2016. Our findings suggest that there is no immediate threat to artemisinin efficacy in imported P. falciparum infections returned from Africa to Anhui province. Nevertheless, pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y mutations were modestly prevalent, suggesting the presence of chloroquine resistance in these cases. Accordingly, dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine may be a better choice than artesunate + amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum infections in Anhui province. In addition to, artemether–lumefantrine can be introduced as an alternative measure.
Towards determining uncertainties in global oceanic mean values of heat, salt, and surface elevation

Lower-bounds on uncertainties in oceanic data and a model are calculated for the 20-year time means and their temporal evolution for oceanic temperature, salinity, and sea surface height, during th...
Role of Socio-cultural Differences in Labeling Students’ Affective States

The development of real-time affect detection models often depends upon obtaining annotated data for supervised learning by employing human experts to label the student data. One open question in labeling affective data for affect detection is whether the labelers (i.e., human experts) need to be socio-culturally similar to the students being labeled, as this impacts the cost and feasibility of obtaining the labels. In this study, we investigate the following research questions: For affective state labeling, how does the socio-cultural background of human expert labelers, compared to the subjects (i.e., students), impact the degree of consensus and distribution of affective states obtained? Secondly, how do differences in labeler background impact the performance of affect detection models that are trained using these labels? To address these questions, we employed experts from Turkey and the United States to label the same data collected through authentic classroom pilots with students in Turkey. We analyzed within-country and cross-country inter-rater agreements, finding that experts from Turkey obtained moderately better inter-rater agreement than the experts from the U.S., and the two groups did not agree with each other. In addition, we observed differences between the distributions of affective states provided by experts in the U.S. versus Turkey, and between the performances of the resulting affect detectors. These results suggest that there are indeed implications to using human experts who do not belong to the same population as the research subjects.
Family Therapy during the Aftercare Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia

With the last few years, the thrust of the community mental health center movement at the national and local levels has generated a treatment model for acute schizophrenia composed of two phases—a brief inpatient phase, measured in days, followed by an extended period of aftercare in the community. In the old system, relatively complete remission of schizophrenic symptoms was the goal, whereas minimal remission of only the most acute and disorganizing symptoms is the goal of inpatient treatment in the new system. The balance of the recovery process, it is believed, can be more effectively achieved once the patient has been returned to community life.
Fostering Student Engagement in an Online IR Course

In an online information retrieval course taught from a library science perspective, a number of methods were used to increase student engagement. Successful tactics include frequent email communication in a natural tone, personalized feedback, an organized, modular presentation of the material, latitude for student choice in assignments, and use of multimedia. The engagement potential of the discussion boards was not used as successfully. The discussions of engagement tactics are reinforced by references to the appropriate literature and feedback from class surveys. The chapter includes lessons learned and plans for future work.
Preliminary Measurement of the Turbulent Magnetic Diffusivity in Three Dimensions

Turbulent transport plays an important role in the evolution of astrophysical magnetic fields. The underlying idea is that the small-scale, turbulent motions increase the magnetic diffusivity above the value due to the molecular diffusion . However, it has been shown that in two dimensions the turbulent diffusion of large-scale magnetic fields is reduced significantly once the large-scale field strength exceeds a critical value, which can be much less than equipartition. The question that naturally arises is whether this holds true in three dimensions or whether magnetic fields of equipartition energy are required in order to suppress the effective turbulent diffusion. In order to elucidate this question we performed numerical calculations based on the full, incompressible MHD equations, that allow us to measure the effective magnetic diffusivity for different values of the large-scale magnetic field strength.
RFID and Supply Chain Management: Generic and Military Applications

This paper explains two main aspects of RFID supply chain management – the generic supply chain management and the specific military application for the purpose of asset viability. The generic supply chain management is studied by examining how to improve supply chain management through accurately determining inventory levels in real time without human interaction. For the military application, the current legacy systems used by the military for Supply Chain Management and Asset Visibility are analyzed and suggestions are made for improvements in the form of Total Asset Visibility through Radio Frequency Identification tags, and Geographic Information Systems.
Emerging market multinationals and development. Transnational corporations review, special issue

Emerging markets firms have ventured abroad since the 1960s, but it is only after the turn of the century that this global expansion increased significantly. In response, an important body of liter...
Directly Mapping Photoelectrochemical Behavior within Individual Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets.

Spatial variations in photoelectrochemical reaction rates within individual p-type WSe2 nanosheets were mapped through the application of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). The simul...
Physical performance measurement in persons with patellofemoral osteoarthritis: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND Patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) is associated with pain and decreased self-reported function. The impact of PFOA on actual physical performance is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of PFOA on physical performance and pain. METHODS Eight participants aged 40-65 years with bilateral, symptomatic, radiographic PFOA and 7 age- and gender-matched pain-free control participants without radiographic PFOA were studied. Physical performance was measured with the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and 50-foot Fast-Paced-Walk (FPW) tests. Dependent variables included time to complete the TUG and FPW; pretest-posttest change in pain intensity (TUG and FPW); and self-reports of perceived knee pain, stiffness, and physical function. Data were analyzed with nonparametric statistics. RESULTS The PFOA group TUG time was longer than the control group (p=0.01). No difference between groups was found for FPW time. Pretest-posttest pain increased for the TUG and FPW in PFOA participants (p< 0.05). The PFOA group reported greater knee pain, stiffness, and less physical function than controls (previous 48 hours) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic, radiographic PFOA is associated with increased pain during the TUG and FPW tests and longer time required to complete the TUG. The TUG may be a more sensitive test of physical performance in PFOA.
Disease Control for Florida Tomatoes

Successful disease management has always been vital in Florida tomato production, given the generally ideal environmental conditions for most plant diseases. An integrated disease management program is a successful approach. This 7-page fact sheet was written by Mathews Paret, Ken Pernezny, and Pam Roberts, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, June 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/vh056
Pharmacological Modulation of Brain Nicotinic Binding Sites

It is well documented that receptors for neurotransmitters, hormones and drugs are regulated by homeostatic mechanisms which serve to compensate for changes in the amount of agonist or antagonist to which they are exposed. Such changes in receptor sensitivity can be measured by radioreceptor ligand-binding assays, by measurements of biochemical events associated with receptor activation (e.g. metabolism of phosphoinositides, activity of adenylate cyclase, ion fluxes) or by recording distal events both in vitro and in vivo (e.g. the firing of specific neurons, certain behavioral effects). In general, a decreased neurotransmitter input, as obtained with presynaptic chemical or mechanical denervation or by chronic receptor blockade with an antagonist, leads to hypersensitivity. Conversely, an increased neurotransmitter input, via a direct or indirect interaction by agonists with the receptors, triggers the development of hyposensitivity. This pattern of receptor modification has been observed, for example, with beta-adrenoceptors, dopamine receptors and cholinergic muscarinic receptors (Daly et al. 1980; Creese and Sibley, 1981; Schwartz et al. 1983).
Atrio-ventricular Nodal Reentry

Atrio-ventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia is the most common of the supraventricular tachycardias that is confined to the AV node. Definitive diagnosis can be made during an invasive electrophysiology study with various pacing maneuvers used to differentiate the mechanism of the arrhythmia and guide invasive treatment. While pharmacologic therapy can be useful in the acute and short-term treatment of this arrhythmia, long-term management in most cases is best accomplished by catheter ablation and is highly successful with a low risk of complications.
Early caregiver burden in owners of pets with suspected cancer: Owner psychosocial outcomes, communication behavior, and treatment factors

BACKGROUND: Owners of companion animals with serious illnesses are likely to experience “caregiver burden.” This topic has not been fully evaluated in veterinary oncology. OBJECTIVES: To examine owners of a dog or cat with suspected cancer for relationships between early caregiver burden and (a) psychosocial factors: depression, stress, and quality of life; (b) owner communication behavior; and (c) specific pet treatment plan factors. ANIMALS: None. METHODS: This cross‐sectional, observational study recruited 164 owners of a cat or dog presenting for evaluation by a veterinary oncology service at a single referral institution. Measures of caregiver burden, psychosocial function, treatment plan elements, and demographics were collected online via owner self‐report. Medical records were reviewed to identify factors including diagnosis, medications, treatment schedules, and owner communications. RESULTS: Caregiver burden correlated with higher stress (rₛ = 0.40, P < .001), greater symptoms of depression (rₛ = 0.50, P < .001), and lower quality of life (rₛ = 0.39, P < .001). Pet treatment plan factors related to caregiver burden included changes in care routines, perception that compliance with new routines was challenging, and difficulty adhering to medication routines. There was low correlation between caregiver burden and owner‐driven communications (rₛ = 0.15, P = .07). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Findings suggest caregiver burden is similar in owners of pets with cancer and owners of pets with other diseases. Caregiver burden is present in the earliest stages of disease. Major correlates of burden including life‐disruptive treatments and schedules provide key areas for potential intervention by veterinary teams.
A light-induced phononic symmetry switch and giant dissipationless topological photocurrent in ZrTe5

Dissipationless currents from topologically protected states are promising for disorder-tolerant electronics and quantum computation. Here, we photogenerate giant anisotropic terahertz nonlinear currents with vanishing scattering, driven by laser-induced coherent phonons of broken inversion symmetry in a centrosymmetric Dirac material ZrTe5. Our work suggests that this phononic terahertz symmetry switching leads to formation of Weyl points, whose chirality manifests in a transverse, helicity-dependent current, orthogonal to the dynamical inversion symmetry breaking axis, via circular photogalvanic effect. The temperature-dependent topological photocurrent exhibits several distinct features: Berry curvature dominance, particle–hole reversal near conical points and chirality protection that is responsible for an exceptional ballistic transport length of ~10 μm. These results, together with first-principles modelling, indicate two pairs of Weyl points dynamically created by B1u phonons of broken inversion symmetry. Such phononic terahertz control breaks ground for coherent manipulation of Weyl nodes and robust quantum transport without application of static electric or magnetic fields. Femtosecond optical pulses are used to generate coherent phonons that break inversion symmetry and drive anisotropic terahertz photocurrents in the topological material ZrTe5.
Geriatric Hip Fractures: Economics of Care

Hip fractures are a common injury in the geriatric population, represent a major public health issue, and cost the US healthcare system billions of dollars annually. With an increasingly elderly population, these fractures are projected to grow in frequency in the coming decades. Surgeons and hospital systems must be aware of the current best practices in patient care, risk stratification, interdisciplinary care, surgical timing, and payment models in order to provide effective and efficient care that increases value.
360-Degree Feedback and Innovative Work Behavior: A Serial Mediation Analysis

This paper aims to examine the influence of 360-degree feedback on employees’ innovative work behavior. Additionally, it also investigates the mediating role of organizational culture and employee engagement between 360-degree feedback on employees’ innovative work behavior. This is a cross-sectional study. 112 workable samples were collected from different telecom companies of Pakistan. Partial least squares structural modeling (PLS-SEM) was done using SmartPLS to test the hypothesized model. This study found out that 360-degree feedback significantly influences organizational culture. The culture of an organization in return influences the employee engagement, which significantly influences employees’ innovative work behavior. The present study confirms that both culture and employee engagement play a serial mediation role between 360-degree feedback and innovative work behavior. Although much work has been done on 360-degree feedback on employees’ innovative work behavior separately. There is lack of research that examine the serial mediation to establish the interrelationship between 360-degree feedback on employees’ innovative work behavior. This study addresses this void. Both theoretical and practical implications are recommended.
Pharmacology and Physiology of Cl− Conductances Activated by GABA in Cultured Mammalian Central Neurons

Cl− permeability mechanisms regulated by neurotransmitters acting via receptor proteins are expressed in a wide variety of excitable tissues throughout all evolutionary forms studied. In vivo the permeability can be regulated physiologically by neurotransmitters like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine acting on receptors at subsynaptic membranes. Synaptically activated Cl− flux can be found in the adult at all levels of spinal and supraspinal regions of the mammalian CNS where it usually functions to depress cellular excitability in a transient manner. A brief pause in ambient electrical activity lasting milliseconds is typically recorded during this physiologically elaborated synaptic signal. This in turn usually suppresses secretory activity derived indirectly from Na+ action potential invasion of presynaptic terminals. Thus, synaptic signals involving Cl− conductances effectively uncouple central neurons from one another and in so doing shape patterns of cellular excitation and neuronal circuit activity.
Pulmonary Aspiration and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Pulmonary aspiration and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are two critical issues in anesthesia that have received considerable attention over the past several years. Aspiration is a rare but serious complication that has the potential to result in devastating consequences for the patient. PONV, on the other hand, is extremely prevalent and is the most feared aspect of surgery and anesthesia for patients.
Diagnostic utility of bilateral bone marrow examination: significance of morphologic and ancillary technique study in malignancy.

BACKGROUND To retrospectively evaluate the significance of morphologic examination and ancillary studies performed on bilateral bone marrow biopsy specimens, 1864 bone marrow samples were studied. METHODS Bilateral bone marrow biopsy specimens included 883 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); 381 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by carcinoma (CA); 362 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by Hodgkin disease (HD); 94 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by sarcoma (SA); 56 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by multiple myeloma (MM); 53 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by acute and chronic leukemia, myelodysplasia, and/or myeloproliferative disorders (LEUK); and 35 specimens that were evaluated for other reasons. RESULTS Of all 1864 specimens, 410 samples (22.0%) were positive for disease, including 77% of MM samples, 58% of LEUK samples, 29.6% of NHL samples, 14% of SA samples, 9.9% of HD samples, and 6.8% of CA samples. A discrepancy between the left and right sides was identified in 48 specimens (11.7% of positive samples). The discrepancy rate was 39% for HD samples, 29% for SA samples, 23% for CA samples, and 9.2% for NHL samples. No morphologic discrepancies between bilateral samples were found in MM samples or LEUK samples. Bilateral flow cytometric studies (n = 113 samples) were positive in 11 samples (9.7%; all morphologically positive), with two discrepancies detected between bilateral samples. Bilateral cytogenetic studies (n = 74 samples) were positive in 5 samples (7%), and there were no discrepancies. Bilateral molecular studies (n = 16 samples) were positive in 7 samples (44%), and there were 3 discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral morphologic evaluation is useful in the evaluation of patients with NHL, HD, CA, and SA and is not indicated for patients with acute or chronic leukemia, myelodysplasia, MM, and other diseases. Bilateral flow cytometric or cytogenetic studies of bone marrow did not provide additional information in this population to justify bilateral samples. The role of bilateral molecular analysis needs to be defined further, but pooled samples for molecular studies may be adequate. Cancer 2002;94:1522–31. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10364
A Review of “Christian Wisdom: Desiring God and Learning in Love”

David Ford is a somewhat elder statesman among British theologians. As Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge, his influence is far-reaching, not only because of his publication record and susta...
Revealing the performance of MPI RMA implementations

The MPI remote-memory access (RMA) operations provide a different programming model from the regular MPI-1 point-to-point operations. This model is particularly appropriate for cases where there are multiple communication events for each synchronization and where the target memory locations are known by the source processes. In this paper, we describe a benchmark designed to illustrate the performance of RMA with multiple RMA operations for each synchronization, as compared with point-to-point communication. We measured the performance of this benchmark on several platforms (SGI Altix, Sun Fire, IBM SMP, Linux cluster) and MPI implementations (SGI, Sun, IBM, MPICH2, Open MPI). We also investigated the effectiveness of the various optimization options specified by the MPI standard. Our results show that MPI RMA can provide substantially higher performance than point-to-point communication on some platforms, such as SGI Altix and Sun Fire. The results also show that many opportunities still exist for performance improvements in the implementation of MPI RMA.
Marine adhesives: V. Amino acid content of Mytilus edulis byssal threads

Abstract Mytilus edulis byssal threads have been analyzed and found to contain at least 19 amino acids. Results to date indicate that the byssal threads are glycoprotein in nature.
Über das Additionsvermögen saurer Salze im festen Zustand für gasförmiges Ammoniak

Es wird untersucht, wovon es abhangt, wann ein saures Alkalisalz im festen Zustand gasformiges Ammoniak addiert und dabei festgestellt, das Salze, deren saure H-Atome in wasseriger Losung eine Dissoziationskonstante von etwa 10−2 haben, schon bei Zimmertemperatur, solche mit Dissoziationskonstanten um 10−6 bis 10−7, wenn uberhaupt, erst bei etwa 100° und solche mit Dissoziationskonstanten der sauren H-Atome von 10−9 oder kleiner kein NH3 aus der Gasphase aufzunehmen vermogen. Die Hydrate reagieren mitunter leichter als die kristallwasserfreien Salze. Die Reaktionsprodukte werden rontgenographisch identifiziert.
The Cambridge Introduction to Gabriel García Márquez

The Colombian Nobel Prize winner, Gabriel Garcia Marquez (b. 1927), wrote two of the great novels of the twentieth century, One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera. As novelist, short story writer and journalist, Garcia Marquez has one of literature's most instantly recognizable styles and since the beginning of his career has explored a consistent set of themes, revolving around the relationship between power and love. His novels exemplify the transition between modernist and post-modernist fiction and have made magical realism one of the most significant and influential phenomena in contemporary writing. Aimed at students of Latin American and comparative literature, this book provides essential information about Garcia Marquez's life and career, his published work in literature and journalism, and his political engagement. It connects the fiction effectively to the writer's own experience and explains his enduring importance in world literature.
A robust adaptive control architecture for disturbance rejection and uncertainty suppression with L ∞ transient and steady-state performance guarantees

SUMMARY In this paper, a new adaptive control architecture for linear and nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems is developed to address the problem of high-gain adaptive control. Specifically, the proposed framework involves a new and novel controller architecture involving a modification term in the update law that minimizes an error criterion involving the distance between the weighted regressor vector and the weighted system error states. This modification term allows for fast adaptation without hindering system robustness. In particular, we show that the governing tracking closed-loop system error equation approximates a Hurwitz linear time-invariant dynamical system with input–output signals. This key feature of our framework allows for robust stability analysis of the proposed adaptive control law using system theory. We further show that by properly choosing the design parameters in the modification term, we can guarantee a desired bandwidth of the adaptive controller, guaranteed transient closed-loop performance, and an a priori characterization of the size of the ultimate bound of the closed-loop system trajectories. Several illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Punctuation Primer

This article provides a quick review of punctuation including: commas, apostrophes, hyphens, quotation marks, and the paragraph.
Pore‐scale processes that control dispersion of colloids in saturated porous media

[1] Colloidal dispersion in porous media is a consequence of the different paths and velocities experienced by the colloids. We examined at the pore scale the effect of particle and pore size on colloid dispersion using water-saturated micromodels. The micromodels were produced with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), using a soft photolithography technique that allows creating transparent patterns that have dimensions in the range of those existing at the pore space. Four sizes of colloids were transported at several total pressure differences, and image analysis was used to determine particle trajectories, residence times, and dispersion coefficients through the micromodels. The magnitude of the dispersion at any given flow rate was found to be controlled by the pore-space geometry and the relative size of colloids with regards to pore channels. Dispersion coefficient and dispersivity decrease with increasing colloid size. Dispersivity is thus not just a function of pore geometry but depends on colloid characteristics. Because of their size, larger colloids travel in the center streamlines, leading to faster velocities, less detours, and thus lower range of transit times. These findings emphasize the role of particle and pore size on colloidal dispersion and have significant implications for predicting the movement of colloids through saturated porous media.
Multivariate path analysis of familial resemblance

A method is presented for applying path analysis to general multivariate models of familial resemblance. In path models formulated using this approach, variables are defined as column vectors, path coefficients are defined as matrices of path coefficients, and correlations are defined as matrices of correlations. By applying a few simple rules for multivariate path analysis, general multivariate expected correlations can be derived from a path diagram which is essentially as simple as a univariate diagram and which can be used to analyze any number of variables. Multivariate expected correlations for three models of familial resemblance are derived, with particular attention given to the modeling of assortative mating: nuclear families with a phenotypic homogamy model of assortative mating, nuclear families with a social homogamy model of assortative mating, and twins and their parents with phenotypic homogamy. These models are applicable to many of the types of studies commonly undertaken in genetic epidemiology. The simplicity of the technique facilitates analyses of the etiology of variation and covariation among variables measured in such studies.
The 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain of the DAL-1/Protein 4.1B tumour suppressor interacts with 14-3-3 proteins

The Protein 4.1 family contains at least two members that function as tumour suppressors, the neurofibromatosis 2 gene product merlin and the recently identified differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung (DAL-1)/Protein 4.1B molecule. DAL-1/Protein 4.1B loss is observed in a variety of tumours, including breast and lung cancers as well as meningiomas. We have previously demonstrated that DAL-1/Protein 4.1B interacts with some but not all merlin-binding proteins, raising the possibility that DAL-1/Protein 4.1B associates with additional unique proteins specific to its function as a negative growth regulator. Using yeast two-hybrid interaction cloning, we identified three 14-3-3 isoforms, beta, gamma and eta, to be DAL-1/Protein 4.1B-binding proteins. These interactions were verified by using glutathione S-transferase affinity chromatography in vitro and co-immunoprecipitation in vivo. The interaction of 14-3-3 with DAL-1/Protein 4.1B was specific, as 14-3-3 did not bind to the related Protein 4.1 family members merlin, ezrin or radixin. The DAL-1/Protein 4.1B domain that mediates 14-3-3 binding was mapped to residues Pro(244) and Leu(280) within the 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain. The identification of this novel DAL-1/Protein 4.1B-interacting protein represents the first step towards elucidating its potentially unique mechanism of action.
Development of e-service quality measure for internet-based financial institutions

In the early stage of internet markets, internet-based financial institutions competed with traditional financial institutions by providing services at lower prices. However, today, more and more companies are participating in internet markets, nullifying the initial price advantage and resulting in low prices becoming a minimum qualification to compete in the market. Therefore, companies operating in internet markets need something else in order to attract customers. What becomes important for internet-based financial institutions is to provide high quality ‘service’. This study raises a research question: ‘how do customers evaluate the quality of e-services provided by internet-based financial institutions?’ This study reveals six valid and reliable dimensions measuring perceived e-service quality: Trust, Customised communications, Ease of use, Website content and functionality, Reliability and Speed of delivery. These dimensions are validated using confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related val...
Concerns over interspecies transcriptional comparisons in mice and humans after trauma.

We have read with interest the study by Seok et al. (1) describing transcriptional responses of the immune systems of humans and mice. The authors perform Affymetrix GeneChip-based microarray assays on blood samples collected from blunt trauma, burn, and endotoxemia patients and mouse models of these pathologies. They report little correlation between human and murine genomic responses. Furthermore, the authors assert that mouse models of human disease are of questionable value due to the low biological similarity they observed.