cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Corporate Control Market on IPO Decisions

Entrepreneurs who take their firm public during an active corporate control market face an increased risk of losing control through a takeover. I examine the extent to which the threat of takeover impacts IPO firms’ decisions and find that an active takeover market in an IPO firm's industry increases the probability that the firm incorporates in a state with state-level antitakeover provisions. IPO firms backed by venture capital investors and reputable underwriters are less likely to incorporate in a state offering antitakeover provisions. A closer examination of equity carve-outs suggests that control is not a first-order consideration for some IPO firms.
Inhibition of the vasopressin-activated adenyl cyclase from renal medulla by prostaglandins

Relatively high concentrations of prosaaglandin F2α (PGF2α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and to a lesser extent prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) inhibited the activation by vasopressin of adenyl cyclase in low speed washed particulate fractions of rabbit renal medulla. The shape of the dose-response curve to vasopressin in the presence and absence of PGF2α indicated that the latter agent acted on adenyl cyclase to lessen the affinity of the hormone-sensitive receptor site for vasopressin. Prostaglandins alone did not activate the basal activity of the enzyme. This inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated adenyl cyclase by prostaglandins may be the basis of their diuretic action in intact animals.
Rapid agonist-induced loss of 125I-β-endorphin opioid receptor sites in NG108-15, but not SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells

Abstract We have measured μ and δ opioid receptor sites on intact SK-N-SH and NG108-15 neuroblastoma cells, respectively, in culture. Use of 125 I-β-endorphin (βE) as a tracer, together with βE(6–31) to block high-affinity non-opioid binding in both cell lines, permitted the measurement of cell surface μ and δ opioid receptor sites. Labelling was at δ sites in NG108-15 cells and predominantly at μ sites in SK-N-SH cells. Pretreatment with the μ and δ agonist, DADLE, caused a rapid loss of cell surface δ receptor sites in NG108-15 cells, but failed to reduce significantly μ receptor density in SK-N-SH cells.
Measuring a macho personality constellation

Abstract A Hypermasculinity Inventory was developed to measure a macho personality constellation consisting of three components: (a) calloused sex attitudes toward women, (b) violence as manly, and (c) danger as exciting. The 30 forced-choice items were selected by a two-stage internal consistency item analysis. Issues of substantive and structural validity were addressed by considering item content, test format, homogeneity of items, and the factor structure of items. The Cronbach α coefficient for the Hypermasculinity Inventory was .89 in the present sample of 135 college men. External validity was assessed by correlating scores of the Hypermasculinity Inventory with self-reported drug use, r (135) = .26, p r (135) = .65, p r (136) = .47, p r (135) = .38, p D. N. Jackson, 1974 , Goshen, NY: Research Psychologists Press). The discussion considered further research that is needed to adduce additional evidence for the construct validity of the Hypermasculinity Inventory as a measure of the macho personality pattern.
Enhancement by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid of chromatin RNA polymerase in soybean hypocotyl tissue.

Abstract Chromatin isolated from control and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated soybean hypocotyl tissue incorporates labeled nucleoside triphosphates into acid-insoluble RNA. Chromatin RNA polymerase activity of soybeans depends on the presence of all 4 nucleoside triphosphates, Mg2+ and Mn2+. RNA synthesis is inhibited by pyrophosphate and actinomycin D. The product of the reaction is completely sensitive to ribonuclease. Chromatin preparations from 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated plants have a higher polymerase activity than control chromatin. RNA polymerase of chromatin preparations shows no response to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid added during incubation. RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli greatly augments RNA synthesis of chromatin preparations from control and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated plants, but both chromatin preparations exhibit similar saturation curves with added E. coli polymerase. Comparison of the RNA products of chromatin preparations from control and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated plants on methylated albumin kieselguhr columns reveals a change in the RNA product.
Biomechanical Regulation of Endothelium-dependent Events Critical for Adaptive Remodeling

Alterations in hemodynamic shear stress acting on the vascular endothelium are critical for adaptive arterial remodeling. The molecular mechanisms regulating this process, however, remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we sought to define the responses evoked in endothelial cells exposed to shear stress waveforms characteristic of coronary collateral vessels and the subsequent paracrine effects on smooth muscle cells. A lumped parameter model of the human coronary collateral circulation was used to simulate normal and adaptive remodeling coronary collateral shear stress waveforms. These waveforms were then applied to cultured human endothelial cells (EC), and the resulting differences in EC gene expression were assessed by genome-wide transcriptional profiling to identify genes distinctly regulated by collateral flow. Analysis of these transcriptional programs identified several genes to be differentially regulated by collateral flow, including genes important for endothelium-smooth muscle interactions. In particular, the transcription factor KLF2 was up-regulated by the adaptive remodeling coronary collateral waveform, and several of its downstream targets displayed the expected modulation, including the down-regulation of connective tissue growth factor. To assess the effect of endothelial KLF2 expression on smooth muscle cell migration, a three-dimensional microfluidic assay was developed. Using this three-dimensional system, we showed that KLF2-expressing EC co-cultured with SMC significantly reduce SMC migration compared with control EC and that this reduction can be rescued by the addition of exogenous connective tissue growth factor. Collectively, these results demonstrate that collateral flow evokes distinct EC gene expression profiles and functional phenotypes that subsequently influence vascular events important for adaptive remodeling.
Adolescent health and personality: Significance for adult health*

Prediction of health at middle age was studied in two longitudinal investigations of urban children: the Berkeley Guidance Study from birth to 42 years of age and the Oakland Growth Study from 11 through 50 years of age. Overall health ratings, weight status, blood pressure, and personality measures were analyzed. Weight/height 3 ratios were highly stable from childhood to adolescence and moderately stable from adolescence to middle age. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in adolescence were moderately predictive of adult status. Health ratings in adolescence were predictive of health ratings in middle age for females only. Teenage personality traits appear to have significance for adult health in that a calm, controlled personality in adolescence tends to be a significant forecaster of health in midlife. Male and female patterns differ in that female health appears to be physiologically more stable, whereas male health appears to be influenced more by personality and experiential factors.
Angiokeratoma circumscriptum of the dorsal tongue in a child

Summary Angiokeratoma circumscriptum is a rare cutaneous vascular lesion normally localized to the lower extremities. There are two previous reports of angiokeratoma circumscriptum of the ventral tongue, both in male children, and neither case describes how the patients were treated. We present a 6-year-old boy with what we believe to be the first reported case of angiokeratoma circumscriptum of the dorsal tongue. The recurrent lesion was treated with surgical excision, with no recurrence of symptoms after 1-year of follow-up.
Living carbocationic polymerisation. XI. Copolymerisation of isobutylene with isoprene. Initial investigations

The copolymerisation of various isobutylene (IB)-isoprene (IP) charges has been investigated by the use of the cumyl acetate-BCl3 complex initiating system in CH3Cl or CH2Cl2 diluents at — 30°C. Conditions have been defined under which charges containing 2 0 120mol % IP lead to living copolymerizations and yield soluble (gel-free) copolymers containing from 1 2 to 7 8 mol % 1,4-IP units in the M;n = 2400−12 100 range with M;w/M;n ∼ 1 8. Conversion (rate) and M;n decrease with increasing IP in the charge. The reactivity ratios in this IP range are rIB = 2 4 ± 0 35 and rIP = 4 5 ± 3 0, i.e. rIBrIP = 10 8; nonetheless the copolymers are statistical because of the very low IP contents in the charge. With 20–50 mol % IP in the charge two or more contiguous IP units will be formed at the growing chain end which may lead to cyclisation. Cyclisation leads to proton elimination which ultimately results in chain transfer to monomer. A mechanism has been developed that accounts for the observations and points the way for further research.
Supplementing Rations with Tocopherol and Ethoxyquin to Increase Oxidative Stability of Milk

Abstract A Latin-square change-over feeding trial was conducted to study the feasibility of supplementing cow rations with anti-oxidants to aid in practical control of oxidized flavor in milk. Ethoxyquin supplement, at 0.0125% of the dry matter intake, caused a slight increase in milk tocopherol (P α -tocopheryl acetate, fed at 0.0025% of tocopherol in the dry matter, increased the concentration of tocopherol in the milk (P
Deep scientific drilling in the San Andreas Fault Zone

A deep scientific drilling experiment in San Andreas fault zone would provide data essential to understanding the structure, composition, mechanical behavior, and physical state of an active, major plate-boundary fault. Toward this end, we are working with an international team of scientists and engineers to propose a long-term, integrated program of surface-based geological and geophysical investigations and deep drilling along the San Andreas fault system. Prior to drilling, a suite of comparative geodynamic models will be developed incorporating detailed investigations of geology, crustal structure, geophysical environment, hydrology, seismotectonics, and fault-movement history at each of the candidate sites. These studies will have a major impact on our understanding of the structure and physical properties of the San Andreas fault system and will form a critical framework for applying the knowledge gained in a deep San Andreas borehole to other segments of the fault and other tectonic environments.
Spatial resolution of laser produced plasmas with X-ray crystals

Abstract X-ray spectra taken with good quality flat crystals can yield spatial resolution of small plasma sources at the expense of spectral resolution. 40 μm spatial resolution of a laser-produced aluminum plasma was obtained using lines of wavelength ∼6 A.
Theory and application of an approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers

Abstract Motion and mixing of salt water and fresh water are vitally important for water-resource development throughout the world. An approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers is developed, which results in three non-linear coupled equations for the freshwater zone, the saltwater zone, and the transition zone. The description of the transition zone uses the concept of a boundary layer. This model invokes some assumptions to give a reasonably tractable model, considerably better than the sharp interface approximation but considerably simpler than a fully three-dimensional model with variable density. We assume the validity of the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation of horizontal flow in each layer. Vertical hydrodynamic dispersion into the base of the transition zone is assumed and concentration of the saltwater zone is assumed constant. Solute in the transition zone is assumed to be moved by advection only. Velocity and concentration are allowed to vary vertically in the transition zone by using shape functions. Several numerical techniques can be used to solve the model equations, and simple analytical solutions can be useful in validating the numerical solution procedures. We find that the model equations can be solved with adequate accuracy using the procedures presented. The approximate model is applied to the Smoky Hill River valley in central Kansas. This model can reproduce earlier sharp interface results as well as evaluate the importance of hydrodynamic dispersion for feeding salt water to the river. We use a wide range of dispersivity values and find that unstable upconing always occurs. Therefore, in this case, hydrodynamic dispersion is not the only mechanism feeding salt water to the river. Calculations imply that unstable upconing and hydrodynamic dispersion could be equally important in transporting salt water. For example, if groundwater flux to the Smoky Hill River were only about 40% of its expected value, stable upconing could exist where hydrodynamic dispersion into a transition zone is the primary mechanism for moving salt water to the river. The current model could be useful in situations involving dense saltwater layers.
An immunohistological study of MHC Class II expression and T lymphocytes in the endometrium of the mare

The distribution of T lymphocytes and of cells bearing MHC Class II antigens in the endometrium of the mare was studied using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase staining method. The cells within the endometrium which expressed MHC Class II were macrophages, lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. MHC Class II expression increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the luminal epithelium and tended (P = 0.0573) to increase in the subepithelial layers during oestrus. Numbers of T lymphocytes did not differ between oestrus and dioestrus. MHC Class II expression and T lymphocyte numbers were not significantly different in samples collected on Day 14 of dioestrus and on Day 14 of pregnancy. The presence of endometritis greatly increased MHC Class II expression and T lymphocyte numbers within the endometrium.
Electron self-exchange and self-amplified posttranslational modification in the hemoglobins from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002.

Many heme proteins undergo covalent attachment of the heme group to a protein side chain. Such posttranslational modifications alter the thermodynamic and chemical properties of the holoprotein. Their importance in biological processes makes them attractive targets for mechanistic studies. We have proposed a reductively driven mechanism for the covalent heme attachment in the monomeric hemoglobins produced by the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (GlbN) (Nothnagel et al. in J Biol Inorg Chem 16:539–552, 2011). These GlbNs coordinate the heme iron with two axial histidines, a feature that distinguishes them from most hemoglobins and conditions their redox properties. Here, we uncovered evidence for an electron exchange chain reaction leading to complete heme modification upon substoichiometric reduction of GlbN prepared in the ferric state. The GlbN electron self-exchange rate constants measured by NMR spectroscopy were on the order of 102–103 M−1 s−1 and were consistent with the proposed autocatalytic process. NMR data on ferrous and ferric Synechococcus GlbN in solution indicated little dependence of the structure on the redox state of the iron or cross-link status of the heme group. This allowed the determination of lower bounds to the cross-exchange rate constants according to Marcus theory. The observations illustrate the ability of bishistidine hemoglobins to undergo facile interprotein electron transfer and the chemical relevance of such transfer for covalent heme attachment.
Toxicant-Induced Fecundity Compensation: A Model of Population Responses

A mathematical model widely applied in population studies and in assessment of the impact of exploitation on fish populations was applied to assess cadmium toxicity in laboratory populations ofDaphnia galeata mendotae. Over a range of toxicant concentrations, the birth rate of the population increased to balance the death rate and the population compensated for the increased mortality. The model describes the relation between toxicant concentration, toxicant-induced mortality, and equilibrium population size. Compensation for increased mortality is described in terms of the decrease in population size necessary to produce an increase in the birth rate that will balance the increased death rate. The relative capacity of different aquatic organisms to compensate for toxicant-induced mortality is examined and a relation between compensatory capacity and the innate capacity for increase is developed.
Metabolism and degradation of the pyrethroids tralomethrin and tralocythrin in insects

Abstract Tralomethrin and tralocythrin undergo debromination, forming deltamethrin and cypermethrin, respectively, following topical administration to house flies, feeding to cabbage looper larvae, or incubation with house fly homogenates and cockroach nerve cords. The debromination is probably not an enzymatic process since it occurs rapidly on incubation with glutathione, cysteine, and albumin. Following debromination, an esterase(s) in house fly homogenate hydrolyzes delta-methrin and cypermethrin. The insecticidal activity of tralomethrin and tralocythrin may be due in part to the liberation of deltamethrin and cypermethrin in the insect or its nervous system.
Efficient layout generation and evaluation of vertical channel devices

Vertical gate-all-around (VGAA) has been shown to be one of the most promising devices for the scaling beyond 10nm for its reduced delay, large driving current, and good gate control. Moreover, emerging devices such as heterojunction tunneling FETs are more amenable to vertical fabrication. However, past studies of vertical channel devices focused more on regular memory architectures and simple standard cells like inverter. Since naive migration of regular FinFET layouts to vertical FETs yields little benefits, we identify several vertical efficient layout structures and propose novel layout generation heuristics for vertical channel devices. We also compare VGAA with symmetric and asymmetric source/drain architectures. The layout efficiencies of several VGAA structures, vertical double gate (VDG), lateral gate-all-around (LGAA), and FinFET are presented in our experiments. We observe that even though most vertical channel standard cells have more diffusion gaps than lateral cells do, they still benefit from vertical architectures in area because of the elimination of diffusion contacts. For asymmetric architectures, the area is larger than symmetric architectures because of the extra diffusion gaps needed, but our experiments indicate that for both symmetric and asymmetric architectures, vertical channel devices are likely to have a density advantage over lateral channel devices assuming that current drive strengths of both are similar.
The existence of optimal regulators

We show the existence of a local solution to a parametrized family of infinite horizon optimal control problems such as those that arise in nonlinear regulation, disturbance rejection, gain scheduling and linear parameter varying control.
Courtroom Perceptions of Child Sexual Assault The Impact of an Eyewitness

One hundred eighty-two undergraduates (96 women) read a summary of a child sexual assault (CSA) criminal trial involving a 6-year-old alleged victim. The trial summaries differed as to whether an eyewitness to the CSA other than the victim testified in court and the age of that eyewitness (6 or 36 years old). The results showed that the additional witness did not affect women’s pro-victim judgments, but significantly increased men’s pro-victim judgments. Furthermore, compared with women, men felt more anger toward the defendant when the additional witness testified. A follow-up experiment (43 women) included an additional witness who did not witness the CSA. The results of this follow-up showed that rather than the number of witnesses, it was the additional witness to the CSA that increased pro-victim judgments. The results are discussed in terms of how additional corroborating testimony in a CSA case affects men and women jurors.
Towards social-aware routing in dynamic communication networks

Many communication networks such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) involve in human interactions and exhibit properties of social networks. Hence, it is interesting to see how knowledge from social networks can be used to enhance the communication processes. We focus on the use of identifying modular structure in social networks to improve the efficiency of routing strategies. Since nodes mobility in a network often alters its modular structure and requires recomputing of modules from scratch, updating the modules is the main bottleneck in current social-aware routing strategies where nodes often have limited processing speed. Towards real-time routing strategies, we develop an adaptive method to efficiently update modules in a dynamic network in which a novel compact representation of the network is used to significantly reduces the network size while preserving essential network structure.
Mechanisms of sawing of BK7 glass by electrolytic in-process dressing

The electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) was used in the sawing of BK7 glass. In the ELID process, the metal-bonded diamond saw was sharpened on site by anodic dissolution of the metal bond. The effects of normal load and current density on the efficiency of material removal, the tool wear rate and the sharpening of metal-bonded diamond saw were studied. It was found that for a given normal load, the sawing efficiency increases initially with the ELID current density and then reaches a plateau. In the plateau region, the sawing efficiency is not sensitive to the current density. If ELID operation is inside this range, a stable machining quality could be achieved. The tool wear rate during ELID was found to be separable into two parts: the mechanical wear and the anodic dissolution. The mechanical wear can be estimated from the G ratio and the anodic dissolution can be calculated from Faraday’s law and the current efficiency. The current efficiency is around 0.5 (0.41–0.57) in agreement with literature. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Isofenphos and an in vitro activation assay for delayed neuropathic potential

Abstract Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) that cause organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) generally inhibit neurotoxic esterase (NTE). However, the assay itself, when conducted in vitro, misses OPs that are activated into OPIDN-causing agents in the body. A preparation of liver mixed-function oxidases and brain NTE was used to rapidly detect activations of OPs. The compounds (0.1 m m or less) to be tested were incubated with microsomes isolated from livers of phenobarbital-treated chick embryos (P-450 content averaged 1.81 ± 0.27 nmol/mg protein, x ± SD , N = 5 ) and NTE (average of 13.8 nmol/min/mg protein) from untreated chick embryo brains. The NTE was separated by calcium precipitation and its activity assayed as usual. The low inhibitions of NTE of compounds that were not neurotoxic (parathion, Diazinon) did not increase in the presence of NADPH; inhibitions of NTE of compounds that required activation (leptophos, S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate, and tri-o-cresyl phosphate) greatly increased with NADPH. Both the recently indentified neuropathic OP isofenphos (IFP) and its oxon required activation to inhibit NTE (inhibitions of 20 and 80%, respectively). Evidence is presented that the possible neuropathic metabolite is des-N-isopropyl IFP oxon.
A Study of Identification and Achievement Profiles of Performance Task-Identified Gifted Students over 6 Years:

this study examined the trend of identification and achievement patterns of perfor mance task-identified students over a span of 6 years (2000–2005), in comparison to profiles of students who were identified exclusively through traditional ability and achievement tests. the study findings suggested that the performance-based protocols were consistent across time in locating a higher percentage of low-income and minority students, as well as female students for gifted programs; a higher percentage of students with uneven verbal-nonverbal strengths were performance task-identified students also. Performance task-identified students scored significantly lower than traditionally identified students on both the English and math portions of the state assessment test for multiple years; however, the performance differences on state assessments were small, rendering small effect sizes. It is a belief of many in the field of gifted education that new concep tions of giftedness and a new paradigm for identifying and selecting students will help low socioeconomic and minority students become more represented in gifted programs (Ford, 1996; VanTassel-Baska, Patton, & Prillaman, 1991). This new paradigm of identification would recognize the different ways in which students display gift edness and would call for more varied and authentic assessments. Instead of relying on intelligence and achievement test scores solely for identification, multiple criteria would be used, including more
Influence of Interfacial Rheological Properties of Mixed Emulsifier Films on the Stability of Water-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of mixtures of the emulsifiers Span 80, 83 and 85 and Tween 80 on multiple emulsion stability. An oscillatory ring-surface rheometer was used to measure interfacial elasticity at the oil-aqueous interface. Multiple emulsions were prepared via a two-step emulsification process and stability was evaluated by investigation of drug transport from freshly prepared and eight-day-old emulsions by use of a dialysis method. Photomicrography and droplet-size analysis of multiple emulsions were also conducted. Spans 80 and 83 were appreciably elastic (683.10+/-29.13 mNm(-1) and 1128.09+/-14.81 mNm(-1), respectively at 5% w/v) when present at the mineral oil-aqueous interface whereas Span 85 and Tween 80 were not (11.10+/-3.88 mNm(-1) (5% w/v) and 0 (0.1-5% w/v) respectively). The interfacial elasticities of Spans 80 and 83 decreased in the presence of Tween 80 in the aqueous phase; this was attributed to co-adsorption of Tween 80 at the interface or aqueous-phase solubilization of the Spans within mixed micelles, or both. Drug-transport studies indicated that drug release on storage was lower from water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions prepared with 5% w/v Span 80 or 83 and 0.1% w/v Tween 80 than from emulsions prepared with 5% w/v Spans 80 or 83 and 1% w/v Tween 80. Photomicrography and droplet-size analysis indicated the same trend-emulsions containing a higher percentage of Tween 80 were less stable. The relatively stable w/o/w emulsions (e.g. 5% w/v Spans 80 or 83 and 0.1% w/v Tween 80) contained a large number of multiple droplets for up to eight weeks of storage whereas the relatively unstable w/o/w emulsions (e.g., 5% w/v Span 85 and 0.1% w/v Tween 80 and 5% w/v Spans and 1% w/v Tween 80) contained mostly simple droplets after only one week of storage. The mean volume/weight droplet size decreased on storage with breakdown of these w/o/w emulsions to simple oil-in-water emulsions. There was a positive correlation between the interfacial elasticity and emulsion stability data. Mixed emulsifiers giving higher film strength, as quantified by interfacial elasticity measurements, resulted in more stable w/o/w emulsions.
Patient-Physician Shared Experiences and Value Patients Place on Continuity of Care

PURPOSE We undertook a study to examine the impact of experiences shared between patient and physician and the value patients place on continuity of care. METHODS Data on 4,454 patients collected in The Direct Observation of Primary Care (DOPC) study conducted between October 1994 and August 1995 were analyzed to assess the value patients place on continuity, length of patient-physician relationship, and experiences shared between patient and physician. RESULTS A significant interaction was yielded between duration of relationship and experiences shared between patient and physician (P = .03). For all lengths of relationship with the physician, the value that patients have for continuity increased when patients indicated experiences shared with the physician. For patients who did not report experiences shared with the physician, the longer the relationship, the greater the value placed on continuity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study point to the importance of the experiences shared between patients and physicians and the value that patients place on continuity with their regular physician.
EFFECTS OF PSEUDOPLASTICITY ON SPREAD AND RECOIL DYNAMICS OF AQUEOUS POLYMERIC SOLUTION DROPLETS ON SOLID SURFACES

The postimpact spreading and recoil behavior of millimeter-size liquid droplets of pure water, water–glycerol solution, and non-Newtonian aqueous solutions of medium-grade hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC 250 MR) on dry horizontal hydrophobic (Teflon) and hydrophilic (glass) substrates is presented. The drop spread–recoil dynamics are captured using a high-speed high-resolution digital video recording and image processing. The non-Newtonian effects of aqueous polymeric solutions on postimpact spreading are contrasted with those for a water–glycerol solution with identical surface tension and zero-shear rate viscosity. For a broad range of drop Weber numbers (20 ≤ We ≤ 200), dynamic visualized records of impact, spreading, and recoil are presented along with their measured temporal variations in dropdiameter-scaled spread and film height. The shear-rate-dependent viscosity of the polymer solution is found to give rise to highly complex spread–recoil dynamics compared to Newtonian liquids. During initial spread, because the shear rate tends to be high, shear-thinning or pseudoplasticity effects manifest in polymer solution drops to alter their spread dynamics. Contrarily, during recoil their higher low-shear apparent viscosity tends to retard recoil and dampen shape oscillations. Shear-rate-dependent non-Newtonian behavior is further seen at low We (low shear rate during spreading), where the maximum spread of HEC solution droplets is comparable to that of high-viscosity water–glycerol solution, whereas at high We (high shear rate during spreading), their maximum spreads are closer to those of low-viscosity water droplets.
A modified circuit and priming procedure for neonatal ECMO

Advances in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology and equipment have allowed improvements in technique which simplify the pro cedure and increase its safety. We describe modifications to our neonatal ECMO circuit which permit use of a low priming volume (500 ml) and allow the circuit to be used in a transport setting. Major changes include the elimination of the priming reservoir, the addition of prebypass and arterial inline filters, the use of a small portable pump, and battery power backup of all components. The priming procedure has been substantially changed and its four phases are described in detail. As neonatal ECMO becomes more widely utilised, further refinements in equipment, procedure and technique can be anticipated.
Precise coincidence of effective potentials in the integral and fractional quantum Hall effects

The exact n-body distribution functions are calculated for a two-dimensional, noninteracting quantum electron gas in an external magnetic field for any temperature and density. At low temperature and filled lowest-Landau-level, these functions are identical to the exact distribution functions obtained by Jancovici [Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 (1981) 386] for the classical twodimensional one-component plasma at the special plasma parameter Γ = 2, establishing that the quantum state with filling factor ν = 1, associated with the integral quantum Hall effect, is precisely described by an effective classical potential φ(r) =− 2l nr. Further, this Boltzmann factor exactly matches that constructed by Laughlin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 (1983) 1395] to account for the fractional quantum Hall effect.  2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Real-time programmable shading

One of the main techniques used by software renderers to produce stunningly realistic images is programmable shading—executing an arbitrarily complex program to compute the color at each pixel. Thus far, programmable shading has only been available on software rendering systems that run on general-purpose computers. Rendering each image can take from minutes to hours.Parallel rendering engines, on the other hand, have steadily increased in generality and in performance. We believe that they are nearing the point where they will be able to perform moderately complex shading at real-time rates. Some of the obstacles to this are imposed by hardware, such as limited amounts of frame-buffer memory and the enormous computational resources that are needed to shade in real time. Other obstacles are imposed by software. For example, users generally are not granted access to the hardware at the level required for programmable shading.This paper first explores the capabilities that are needed to perform programmable shading in real times. We then describe the design issues and algorithms for a prototype shading architecture on PixelFlow, an experimental graphics engine under construction. We demonstrate through examples and simulation that PixelFlow will be able to perform high-quality programmable shading at real-time (30 to 60 Hz) rates. We hope that our experience will be useful to shading implementors on other hardware graphics systems.
What Does Tort Law Deter? Precaution and Activity Levels in No-Fault Automobile Insurance

Most studies on no-fault automobile insurance examine either fatalities per vehicle mile or fatalities per capita. However, it is well established in the analysis of tort law that tort liability can have incentive effects on both precaution level and activity level. In this paper we separate precaution effects from activity level effects to determine both the total effect of no-fault automobile insurance on fatalities per capita and miles per capita and the component effects of no-fault on fatalities per mile, miles per vehicle, and vehicles per capita. We find that no-fault laws have a significant effect on fatalities per mile and fatalities per capita, but (mostly) insignificant effects on miles per vehicle, vehicles per capita, and miles per capita. We conclude that the deterrence effect of tort law is stronger on precaution than it is on activity level.
Mindful Virtue, Mindful Reverence

How does one talk about moral thought and moral action as a religious naturalist? We explore this question by considering two human capacities: the capacity for mindfulness, and the capacity for virtue. We suggest that mindfulness is deeply enhanced by an understanding of the scientific worldview and that the four cardinal virtues-courage, fairmindedness, humaneness, and reverence-are rendered coherent by mindful reflection. We focus on the concept of mindful reverence and propose that the mindful reverence elicited by the evolutionary narrative is at the heart of religious naturalism. Religious education, we suggest, entails the cultivation of mindful virtue, in ourselves and in our children.
Improving identification accuracy on low resolution and poor quality iris images using an artificial neural network–based matching metric

The iris is currently believed to be one of the most accurate biometrics for human identification. The majority of fielded iris identification systems use fractional Hamming distance to compare a new feature template to a stored database. Fractional Hamming distance is extremely fast, but mathematically weights all regions of the iris equally. Research has shown that different regions of the iris contain varying levels of discriminatory information when using circular boundary assumptions. This research evaluates four statistical metrics for accuracy improvements on low resolution and poor quality images. Each metric statistically weights iris regions in an attempt to use the iris information in a more intelligent manner. A similarity metric extracted from the output stage of an artificial neural network demonstrated the most promise. Experiments were performed using occluded, subsampled, and motion blurred images from the CASIA, University of Bath, and ICE 2005 databases. The neural network-based metric improved accuracy at nearly every operating point.
Validity evidence for the Child Occupational Self Assessment.

To ensure that researchers and practitioners make valid interpretations from children’s self-reports, evidence must demonstrate that the self-report has appropriate psychometric properties. The Child Occupational Self Assessment (COSA) is a self-report of occupational competence and value for everyday activities designed to involve children in identifying goals and assessing outcomes. Five hundred two children with disabilities, ages 6–17, completed the COSA. We used a Rasch Partial Credit model and parametric and nonparametric statistics to obtain validity evidence. Evidence suggests that the COSA has good content, structural, and substantive validity as given by item and child fit statistics and unidimensionality evaluation. Evidence for external validity was mixed because child fit status and measures varied with some demographic and assessment administration variables. Evidence suggests that most children’s responses to the COSA can be validly interpreted as indicators of occupational competence and value for everyday activities.
Myth, Metaphor, and Metacognition: Shaping Voice and Identity Through Poetry in Teacher Education

This article discusses the importance of teacher candidates writing poetry in their education methods classes in order to reflect upon and examine their beliefs about teaching and learning. Writing poetry in a teacher education context is also important because it prepares teachers to use these techniques with their own students. By writing poetry in the context of academic study, learners can see metaphorical connections between events and ideas. This stands in contrast to the idea put forth in the Common Core Standards that college and career readiness is best developed through reading and writing informational and argumentative texts.
Optimal power allocation for LTE users with different modulations

In this paper, we demonstrate the optimal power allocation for QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation schedules and the role of channel quality indicator (CQI). We used sigmoidal-like utility functions to represent the probability of successful reception of packets at user equipment (UE). CQI as a feedback to the base station (BS) indicates the data rate that a downlink channel can support. With Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) Optimization method, we present utility functions of different CQI values for standardized 15 Modulation order and Coding Scheme (MCS) in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Finally, we simulate and show the results of the optimal power allocation algorithm.
CRISPR: Changing the Way We Modify DNA

Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized biomedical research, laboratory medicine, and pharmaceutics over the last several decades. Research publications in fields of study such as cellular and molecular biology that do not rely on some form of recombinant DNA technology are rare. This use of recombinant DNA technology can be direct, such as modification of genes of interest that are then expressed in new hosts, or indirect, as is true of experiments using commercially available, modified enzymes to perform now commonplace procedures such as PCR. In the world of pharmaceutics, chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies have been used clinically to treat a wide range of human diseases. When recombinant DNA technology was first introduced, the scientific community and society at large struggled with the associated ethical, safety, and environmental issues, but have more or less come to terms with this type of technology and how to properly use it. More recently, however, a new form …
Cutaneous manifestations associated with malignancy of the head and neck

Most cutaneous malignancies of the head and neck (HN) are non-melanoma skin cancers, predominantly basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Less common entities include Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), sebaceous carcinoma (SC), and angiosarcoma. Treatment is based on histology subtype, stage, and extent of involvement. Surgery is the primary means of treatment and includes wide local excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and cervical lymphadenectomy. Multidisciplinary management including radiation and targeted chemotherapy are critical adjuncts to surgery. Surgical planning must balance oncologic, functional, and cosmetic considerations. This review addresses cutaneous manifestations of primary malignancies of the HN and dermatologic complications of small molecule inhibitors used for targeted therapy. A working knowledge of both the cutaneous malignancies (CM) in the head and neck as well as the secondary dermatologic manifestations is relevant to multiple disciplines including dermatology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgical oncology.
Survey of Ground-Dwelling Predaceous and Parasitic Arthropods in Cabbage Fields in Upstate New York

During 1979 and 1981, populations of ground-dwelling predators and parasites in research and commercial cabbage fields in upstate New York were assessed by pitfall trapping to determine species composition, abundance, phenology, and the impact of insecticides on them. Staphylinidae, Phalangida, Carabidae, and Araneida were consistently the most abundant predaceous taxa. Carabids and Staphylinids together comprised 75.9 and 74.1% of all predaceous or parasitic insects in commercial fields during 1979 and 1981, respectively. One of the 32 species of Carabidae captured, Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger), accounted for >50% of the total number of Carabidae. Total number of predators and parasites tended to decline from July through September in both treated and untreated fields, but this decline was hastened by the use of broad-spectrum insecticides.
Constructing numerical market and fostering leader industry to provide information platform for “farmers,agriculture and rural areas”

The East of Hebei Province has been fostered to a large-scale farm products wholesale market with farm products collection,fresh keeping by warehousing,processing and dissemination,information transform and agricultural capital service.There're five advantages as follows:(1)The market's bearing capacities and anti-risk ability are obviously enhanced.(2)The market information system becomes perfect.(3)The difficult of selling was settled effectively.(4)It integrated people,stream and information to feed back agriculture.(5)It promoted the development of relative industries and the transformation of rural surplus labour.
An investigation of vocal arousal dynamics in child-psychologist interactions using synchrony measures and a conversation-based model.

Researchers from various disciplines are concerned with the study of affective phenomena, especially arousal. Expressed affective modulations, which reflect both an individual’s internal state and external factors, are central to the communicative process. Bone et al. (2012) developed a robust, unsupervised (rule-based) method which provides a scale-continuous, bounded arousal rating from the vocal signal. In this study, we investigate the joint-dynamics of child and psychologist vocal arousal in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnostic interactions. Arousal synchrony is assessed with multiple methods. Results indicate that children with higher ASD severity tend to lead the arousal dynamics more, seemingly because the children aren’t as responsive to the psychologist’s affective modulations. A vocal arousal model is also proposed which incorporates social and conversational constructs. The model captures conversational signal relations, and is able to distinguish between high and low ASD severity at accuracies well-above chance.
Block-LDA: Jointly Modeling Entity-Annotated Text and Entity-Entity Links

Identifying latent groups of entities from observed interactions between pairs of entities is a frequently encountered problem in areas like analysis of protein interactions and social networks. We present a model that combines aspects of mixed membership stochastic block models and topic models to improve entity-entity link modeling by jointly modeling links and text about the entities that are linked. We apply the model to two datasets: a protein-protein interaction (PPI) dataset supplemented with a corpus of abstracts of scientific publications annotated with the proteins in the PPI dataset and an Enron email corpus. The model is evaluated by inspecting induced topics to understand the nature of the data and by quantitative methods such as functional category prediction of proteins and perplexity which exhibit improvements when joint modeling is used over baselines that use only link or text information.
Predissociation Dynamics and Structure of the Higher Vibronic Levels in the Methyl Radical Rydberg 3s State

The structure and dynamics of the [0100] level in the \({\tilde B}\) 2A′1 Rydberg 3 s state were investigated by examining the Raman spectrum of CD3 in resonance with the [0100]-[0100] \(\tilde B - \tilde X\) transition. Figure 1 shows Raman excitation of the totally symmetric C-D stretch which exhibits a strong Q branch and resolved R and S rovibrational features. Raman excitation profiles for the S(2) through S(9) Raman lines were obtained by measuring the intensities of the S lines as a function of excitation wavelength. The J′ specific excited state dephasing constants, Г, were extracted by modelling the Raman excitation profiles with the intensity expressions for resonance Raman scattering developed by Ziegler et al. [1]. For the methyl radical dissociation, the excited state mean lifetime, τ, is related to the dephasing constant by τ=(2πcГ)−1. The CD3 lifetimes decrease from 350 fs for J′ = 3 to 150 fs for the J′ = 10 level. The lower rotational levels exhibit a slight alternation in lifetime as a function of rotational level suggesting the predissociation may be enhanced via Coriolis coupling of the v 2 and v 3 motions.
The Development of the Concept of Baseline

A predictable international regime of maritime zones requires a consistent concept of baseline1 from which all such zones can be projected. Throughout historical cycles of expansive and restrictive attitudes toward claims of national jurisdiction over coastal waters, and even in periods marked by disagreements about their breadth,2 virtually all jurists have agreed that such claims should be measured from a common basepoint. Initially, that basepoint was assumed to be the point at which the terra firma meets the sea.3 There are, of course, some early examples of baselines which departed widely and idiosyncratically from the coast, such as the attempt by James I of England to delimit water areas of enormous size by drawing straight baselines around the “King’s Chambers”, over which the Crown might exercise exclusive authority as Protector of the Oceans.4 Such claims were generally opposed. By far the most accepted jurisdictional baseline, regardless of the extent of the jurisdiction claimed, was the actual coast.5