cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo regulation of the allergic response by the IL-4 receptor α chain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif

Background Signaling by IL-4 and IL-13 through the IL-4 receptor α chain (IL-4Rα) plays a critical role in the pathology of allergic diseases. The IL-4Rα is endowed with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) centered on tyrosine 709 (Y709) in the cytoplasmic domain that binds a number of regulatory phosphatases. The function of the ITIM in the in vivo regulation of IL-4 receptor signaling remains unknown. Objective We sought to determine the in vivo function of the IL-4Rα ITIM by using mice in which the ITIM was inactivated by mutagenesis of the tyrosine Y709 residue into phenylalanine (F709). Methods F709 ITIM mutant mice were derived by means of knock-in mutagenesis. Activation of intracellular signaling cascades by IL-4 and IL-13 was assessed by means of intracellular staining of phosphorylated signaling intermediates and gene expression analysis. In vivo responses to allergic sensitization were assessed by using models of allergic airway inflammation. Results The F709 mutation increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 phosphorylation by IL-4 and, disproportionately, by IL-13. This was associated with exaggerated T H 2 polarization, enhanced alternative macrophage activation by IL-13, augmented basal and antigen-induced IgE responses, and intensified allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Conclusions These results point to a physiologic negative regulatory role for the Y709 ITIM in signaling through IL-4Rα, especially by IL-13.
Determination of the current density distribution in Josephson junctions

Abstract A technique is described for recovering the missing phase information for a set of critical current measurements as a function of an applied magnetic field I c ( B ). In many cases the current density j ( x ) across the boundary for a Josephson junction can be determined.
Patterns of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Monomethylation and Erythroid Cell Type-specific Gene Expression

Post-translational histone modifications, acting alone or in a context-dependent manner, influence numerous cellular processes via their regulation of gene expression. Monomethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (K27me1) is a poorly understood histone modification. Some reports describe depletion of K27Me1 at promoters and transcription start sites (TSS), implying its depletion at TSS is necessary for active transcription, while others have associated enrichment of H3K27me1 at TSS with increased levels of mRNA expression. Tissue- and gene-specific patterns of H3K27me1 enrichment and their correlation with gene expression were determined via chromatin immunoprecipitation on chip microarray (ChIP-chip) and human mRNA expression array analyses. Results from erythroid cells were compared with those in neural and muscle cells. H3K27me1 enrichment varied depending on levels of cell-type specific gene expression, with highest enrichment over transcriptionally active genes. Over individual genes, the highest levels of H3K27me1 enrichment were found over the gene bodies of highly expressed genes. In contrast to H3K4me3, which was highly enriched at the TSS of actively transcribing genes, H3K27me1 was selectively depleted at the TSS of actively transcribed genes. There was markedly decreased to no H3K27me1 enrichment in genes with low expression. At some locations, H3K27 monomethylation was also found to be associated with chromatin signatures of gene enhancers.
Two decades of experience in the University of Washington Family Medicine Residency Network: practice differences between graduates in rural and urban locations.

: This study describes how graduates of the University of Washington Family Medicine Residency Network who practice in rural locations differ from their urban counterparts in demographic characteristics, practice organization, practice content and scope of services, and satisfaction. Five hundred and three civilian medical graduates who completed their residencies between 1973 and 1990 responded to a 27-item questionnaire sent in 1992 (84% response rate). Graduates practicing outside the United States in a specialty other than family medicine or for fewer than 20 hours per week in direct patient care were excluded from the main study, leaving 116 rural and 278 urban graduates in the study. Thirty percent of graduates reported practicing in rural counties at the time of the survey. Rural graduates were more likely to be in private and solo practices than urban graduates. Rural graduates spent more time in patient care and on call, performed a broader range of procedures, and were more likely to practice obstetrics than urban graduates. Fewer graduates in rural practice were women. A greater proportion of rural graduates had been defendants in medical malpractice suits. The more independent and isolated private and solo practice settings of rural graduates require more practice management skills and support. Rural graduates' broader scope of practice requires training in a full range of procedures and inpatient care, as well as ambulatory care. Rural communities and hospitals also need to develop more flexible practice opportunities, including salaried and part-time positions, to facilitate recruitment and retention of physicians, especially women.
Capacity, mutual information, and coding for finite-state Markov channels

The finite-state Markov channel (FSMC) is a discrete time-varying channel whose variation is determined by a finite-state Markov process. These channels have memory due to the Markov channel variation. We obtain the FSMC capacity as a function of the conditional channel state probability. We also show that for i.i.d. channel inputs, this conditional probability converges weakly, and the channel's mutual information is then a closed-form continuous function of the input distribution. We next consider coding for FSMCs. In general, the complexity of maximum-likelihood decoding grows exponentially with the channel memory length. Therefore, in practice, interleaving and memoryless channel codes are used. This technique results in some performance loss relative to the inherent capacity of channels with memory. We propose a maximum-likelihood decision-feedback decoder with complexity that is independent of the channel memory. We calculate the capacity and cutoff rate of our technique, and show that it preserves the capacity of certain FSMCs. We also compare the performance of the decision-feedback decoder with that of interleaving and memoryless channel coding on a fading channel with 4PSK modulation.
Effect of ambient temperature on the hinge opening in bridges with shape memory alloy seismic restrainers

The superelastic behavior exhibited by shape memory alloys (SMAs) at temperatures above the austenite finish temperature could be directed towards many structural seismic applications. However, this superelasticity characteristic of shape memory alloys is highly dependent on ambient temperature. This would be of a major concern in the case of structures which are directly subjected to the surrounding environment such as bridges and coastal structures. This paper evaluates the effect of variability in the ambient temperature on the performance of SMAs as potential seismic restrainers for bridges. A sensitivity study is conducted using a 2-DOF bridge model and a thermomechanical SMA model subjected to a suite of ground motion records. The results of the study are validated using a case study where a 6-frame MDOF bridge model is used. The results of both studies show that SMA restrainers are more effective in limiting the hinge opening at higher ambient temperatures. The effect of temperature changes on the hinge opening is more pronounced at temperatures near the austenite finish temperature and in the case of bridges with large ductility and/or moderate-to-high period ratio.
Procedural justice, identity and deference to the law: What shapes rule-following in a period of transition?

The group engagement model has two core arguments. The first is that procedural justice shapes rule-following in groups, organisations and societies. The second is that the influence of procedural justice upon rule-following is mediated by changes in people's identification with groups. This study uses a sample of South Africans to test both arguments. While the procedural justice argument has already been widely tested and supported, this study extends that test to a society in rapid transition and upheaval. Further, it tests the identity mediation argument in the same context. The results support both arguments. Procedural justice shapes rule-following and that influence is mediated by identification with superordinate authority.
Clothianidin and Imidacloprid Residues in Poa annua (Poales: Poaceae) and Their Effects on Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the amounts of the neonicotinoids clothianidin and imidacloprid in Poa annua L. clippings from treated golf course fairways. Average clothianidin residues 7 d after application ranged from 674 to 1,550 ng/g tissue in 2012 and 455-2,220 ng/g tissue in 2013. Average clothianidin residues the day of application ranged from 17,100-38,800 ng/g tissue in 2014. Average imidacloprid residues 7 d after treatment ranged from 1,950-3,030 ng/g tissue in 2012 and 7,780-9,230 ng/g tissue in 2013. Average imidacloprid residues the day of application ranged from 31,500-40,400 ng/g tissue in 2014. Neonicotinoid or bifenthrin-neonicotinoid combination products applied in field plots in 2012 did not significantly reduce the numbers of larvae relative to the untreated control. However, in 2013, statistically significant reductions in the numbers of larvae recovered from treated field plots were associated with the presence of bifenthrin alone or when used in combination with neonicotinoid active ingredients. Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby) adults caged on neonicotinoid-, bifenthrin-, and bifenthrin-neonicotinoid-treated P. annua turf plugs fed on P. annua leaves, but mortality was only highly significantly different between treated and untreated foliage when weevils were placed on treated foliage the day after treatment and allowed to feed for 7 d. The modest degree of population suppression with bifenthrin in these experiments may not be adequate to justify the continued use of these products due to the increased risk of insecticide resistance and disruption of biological control.
Shorter Hospital Stays and More Rapid Improvement Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Substance Disorders

OBJECTIVE: Length of stay and treatment response of inpatients with acute schizophrenia were examined to determine whether differences existed between those with and without comorbid substance-related problems. METHODS: The sample comprised 608 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated on hospital units with integrated dual diagnosis treatment. They were rated on admission and discharge by a psychiatrist using a structured clinical instrument. Patients with no substance-related problems were compared with those with moderate to severe problems using t tests, chi square tests, and analysis of variance. RESULTS: When analyses controlled for age, gender, and other clinical variables, dually diagnosed patients were found to have improved markedly faster compared with patients without a dual diagnosis. Their hospital stays were 30 percent shorter on both voluntary and involuntary units. They also showed somewhat greater symptomatic improvement and no increase in 18-month re...
The Challenges of Resolving a Rapid, Recent Radiation: Empirical and Simulated Phylogenomics of Philippine Shrews.

Phylogenetic relationships in recent, rapid radiations can be difficult to resolve due to incomplete lineage sorting and reliance on genetic markers that evolve slowly relative to the rate of speciation. By incorporating hundreds to thousands of unlinked loci, phylogenomic analyses have the potential to mitigate these difficulties. Here, we attempt to resolve phylogenetic relationships among eight shrew species (genus Crocidura) from the Philippines, a phylogenetic problem that has proven intractable with small (< 10 loci) data sets. We sequenced hundreds of ultraconserved elements and whole mitochondrial genomes in these species and estimated phylogenies using concatenation, summary coalescent, and hierarchical coalescent methods. The concatenated approach recovered a maximally supported and fully resolved tree. In contrast, the coalescent-based approaches produced similar topologies, but each had several poorly supported nodes. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the concatenated tree could be positively misleading. Our simulations also show that the tree shape we tend to infer, which involves a series of short internal branches, is difficult to resolve, even if substitution models are known and multiple individuals per species are sampled. As such, the low support we obtained for backbone relationships in our coalescent-based inferences reflects a real and appropriate lack of certainty. Our results illuminate the challenges of estimating a bifurcating tree in a rapid and recent radiation, providing a rare empirical example of a nearly simultaneous series of speciation events in a terrestrial animal lineage as it spreads across an oceanic archipelago. (Coalescence; concatenation; Crocidura; Philippines; SNPs; Soricidae; species tree; ultraconserved elements.)
Blood group-like activity released by human mammary carcinoma cells in culture.

TUMOUR cells synthesise and release antigenic membrane associated components which circulate either in a free state or complexed with host immunoglobulins1–5. A membrane derived N-like glycoprotein, which inhibited Vicia graminea lectin haemagglutination, has been demonstrated in serum and ascites fluid of mice bearing the Ha subline of TA3 murine mammary adenocarcinoma6. Springer et al.7 have shown that M and N blood group reactive substances were present in both benign and malignant lesions of the human breast. But, T-like Arachis hypogaea reactive substances were only found in malignant breast tissue and not in benign tumours or healthy breast tissue7. Isolation and long term cultivation of a human mammary tumour cell line. BOT-2 was recently reported8. Immunological tests indicated that women with diagnosed mammary cancer had circulating antibodies that reacted with these cells9 and induced cell surface shedding10. Here we report the use of blood-typing antisera and lectins to characterise the proteins synthesised and spontaneously released from BOT-2 cells growing in defined medium. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of M, N, T, Tn erythrocyte-like glycoproteins being spontaneously shed from human epithelial tumour cells in culture.
Electron spectroscopic measurements of band alignment in metal/oxide/semiconductor stacks

Valence and conduction band edges of ultra-thin oxides (SiO2, HfO2, Hf0.7Si0.3O2 and Al2O3 grown on silicon) and their shifts upon sequential metallization with three metals (Ru, Ti and Al) have been measured using synchrotron radiation-excited x-ray photoemission, ultra-violet photoemission and inverse photoemission. From these techniques, the offsets between the valence and conduction band edges of the oxides and the metal gate Fermi edge have been directly measured. Upon metallization, consistent shifts of the oxides band edges and core levels are measured, due to the creation of interface dipoles at the metal/oxide interfaces. Using the energy gap, the electron affinity of the oxides and the metal work functions that have been directly measured on these samples, the experimental band offsets are compared to those predicted by the induced gap states model.
Is dexamethasone an effective alternative to oral prednisone in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations

Background: A short course of systemic corticosteroids is an important therapy in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations. Although a 5-day course of oral prednisone or prednisolone has become the most commonly used regimen, dexamethasone has also been used for a shorter duration (1–2 days) with potential for improvement in compliance and palatability. We reviewed the literature to determine if there is sufficient evidence that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations in the inpatient setting. Methods: A Medline search was conducted on the use of dexamethasone in the treatment of asthma exacerbations in children. The studies selected were clinical trials comparing the efficacy of dexamethasone with prednisone. Meta-analysis was performed examining physician revisitation rates and symptomatic return to baseline. Results: Six completed pediatric clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. All of the pediatric trials found that prednisone is not superior to dexamethasone in treating mild to moderate asthma exacerbations. Meta-analysis demonstrated homogeneity between the dexamethasone and prednisone groups when examining symptomatic return to baseline and unplanned physician revisits after the initial emergency department encounter. Some studies found potential additional benefits of dexamethasone, including improved compliance and less vomiting. Conclusions: The current literature suggests that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative to prednisone in the treatment of mild to moderate acute asthma exacerbations in children, with the added benefits of improved compliance, palatability, and cost. However, more research is needed to examine the role of dexamethasone in hospitalized children.
Robustness of network flow control against disturbances and time-delay

This paper studies robustness of Kelly’s source and link control laws in (J. Oper. Res. Soc. 49 (1998) 237) with respect to disturbances and time-delays. This problem is of practical importance because of unmodelled $ows, and propagation and queueing delays, which are ubiquitous in networks. We ;rst show Lp-stability, for p ∈ [1; ∞], with respect to additive disturbances. We pursue L∞-stability within the input-to-state stability (ISS) framework of Sontag (IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 34 (1989) 435), which makes explicit the vanishing eAect of initial conditions. Next, using this ISS property and a loop transformation, we prove that global asymptotic stability is preserved for suBciently small time-delays in forward and return channels. For larger delays, we achieve global asymptotic stability by scaling down the control gains as in Paganini et al. (Proceedings of 2001 Conference on Decision and Control, Orlando, FL, December 2001, pp. 185–190) c
Did Election Imply the Mistreatment of Non-Israelites?

As a way of working out and consolidating one's religious identity, the whole-sale slaughter of people (whether in herem , crusade, or jihad ) is exactly what it seems to be, no more and no less. The pressure that builds up naturally in the idea of election is here unleashed, and the idea is given its fullest expression. The Conquest tradition is the primary expression and fulfillment of the idea—the Urtext . The biblical idea of election is the ultimate anti-humanistic idea. Jeremy Cott, “The Biblical Problem of Election,” JES 21 (Spring 1984) 199–228, at 204. Thus did Jeremy Cott, in an article published nearly two decades ago, starkly pose the dilemma faced by anyone who seeks to use the Bible as a moral and spiritual guide today. How can one possibly maintain that the conquest tradition, which relates that God called for the annihilation of every Canaanite man, woman, and child, is an authoritative part of Scripture on a par with other items such as the Ten Commandments or the story of the exodus? The logic behind Cott's statement, at first blush, seems quite compelling. Its central premise, which almost all contemporary theologians and biblical scholars would endorse, is that genocide is morally wrong and could not be a practice decreed by God. Furthermore, the command to commit genocide appears to conflict with other basic biblical concepts, innocent along with the guilty.
Exobasidium maculosum, a new species causing leaf and fruit spots on blueberry in the southeastern USA and its relationship with other Exobasidium spp. parasitic to blueberry and cranberry

Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot of blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus) is an emerging disease that has rapidly increased in prevalence throughout the southeastern USA. To determine whether this disease is caused by a new species of Exobasidium, we studied the morphology and phylogenetic relationship of the causal fungus compared with other members of the genus, including the type species E. vaccinii and other species that parasitize blueberry and cranberry (V. macrocarpon). Both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used for morphological characterization. For phylogenetic analyses, we sequenced the large subunit of the rDNA (LSU) from 10 isolates collected from leaf or fruit spots of rabbiteye blueberry (V. virgatum), highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) and southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium interspecific hybrid) from Georgia and North Carolina and six isolates from leaf spots of lowbush blueberry (V. angustifolium) from Maine and Nova Scotia, Canada. LSU was sequenced from isol...
Synaptic Plasticity: A molecular mechanism for metaplasticity

Abstract The results of expressing a constitutive form of a prominent synaptic kinase in transgenic mice suggest how there can be a sliding threshold for synapse modification, an important element in some learning theories.
Optimization of Orange‐Emitting Electrophosphorescent Copolymers for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Orange-emitting phosphorescent copolymers containing iridium complexes and bis(carbazolyl)fluorene groups in their side chains are employed as the emissive layer in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The efficiency of the OLED devices is optimized by varying characteristics of the copolymers: the molecular weight, the iridium loading level, and the nature and length of the linker between the side chains and the polymer backbone. A maximum efficiency of 4.9 ± 0.4%, 8.8 ± 0.7 cd A -1 at 100 cd m 2 is achieved with an optimized copolymer.
The Politics of National Integration: A Comparison of United States and, Canadian Indian Administrations

Indian Affairs jurisdictions in the United States and Canada instance direct, long-term political structuring of race relations. The development of each nation state has influenced the scale and humanitarian direction of native administration, while the national industrial economy has determined the use of native land resources. Four factors distinguish the general type of reservation found in North America. These are: the demographic ratio of native to dominant population, land rights recognition, the division of federal administration of land from federal administration of people, and a democratic ideology. The most severe problem facing Indian tribes today is the decentralization of Indian community administration, accompanied by tighter government controls on native land use.
A Study of Choanoflagellates (Acanthoecidae) from the Weddell Sea, Including a Description of Diaphanoeca multiannulata n. sp.1

Eight species of loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoecidae), Acanthoecopsis spiculifera Norris, Bicosta antennigera Moestrup, Bicosta spinifera Throndsen, Calliacantha multispina Manton & Oates, Calliacantha simplex Manton & Oates, Crinolina aperta Leadbeater, Diaphanoeca multiannulata n. sp., and Parvicorbicula socialis (Meunier) Deflandre, have been observed, by light and electron microscopy, in samples obtained from the Weddell Sea during the austral summer of 1977. Diaphanoeca multiannulata is described for the first time from these samples: the other organisms are discussed. The distribution of most species within the Weddell Sea was widespread. Habitats in which choanoflagellates were found included the water column, the edge of (or ponds on) ice floes, and the interior of ice floes. The distributional, environmental, habitat, and/or morphological range of all previously described species is expanded. Methods of variation of transverse costal diameters between genera may be potentially useful to the understanding of taxonomy and phylogeny of this family.
Computation and Deduction

ion and function application employ the notion of substitution. Recall the inference rule and its representation in LF: e1 ↪→ lam x. e1 e2 ↪→ v2 [v2/x]e1 ↪→ v ev app e1 e2 ↪→ v ev app : ΠE1:exp. ΠE2:exp. ΠE ′ 1:exp→ exp. ΠV2:exp. ΠV :exp. eval E1 (lam E ′ 1) → eval E2 V2 → eval (E′ 1 V2) V → eval (app E1 E2) V. As before, we transcribe this (and the trivial rule for evaluating λ-expressions) into Elf. 4.3. A MINI-ML INTERPRETER IN ELF 93 ev_lam : eval (lam E) (lam E). ev_app : eval (app E1 E2) V exp will be instantiated to ([x:exp] pe1q). In the operational semantics of Elf, an application which is not in canonical form (such as (E1’ V2) after instantiation of E1’ and V2) will be reduced until it is in head-normal form (see Section 8.2)—in this case this means performing the substitution of V2 for the top-level bound variable in E1’. As an example, consider the evaluation of (lam x. x) z which is given by the deduction ev lam lam x. x ↪→ lam x. x ev z z ↪→ z ev z z ↪→ z ev app. (lam x. x) z ↪→ z
Mechanisms for Protection against Inactivation of Manganese Peroxidase by Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract It has been reported that cation radicals of aromatic substrates maintain the active form of lignin peroxidase by oxidatively converting compound III, generated during peroxidase turnover, into ferric enzyme (D. P. Barr and S. D. Aust, 1994,Arch. Biochem. Biophys.312, 511–515). In this work, we investigated protective mechanisms for manganese peroxidase. Oxidation of Mn(II) by manganese peroxidase displayed complex kinetics, which were explained by accumulation of compound III followed by its reactivation by the enzymatically produced Mn(III). Conversion of compound III to ferric enzyme by Mn(III) was not observed for lignin peroxidase or heme propionate-modified recombinant manganese peroxidase, suggesting that Mn(III) may interact with compound III of native manganese peroxidase at a heme propionate to oxidize iron-coordinated superoxide via long-range electron transfer. Additionally, Mn(II) also reactivated compound III. Although this reaction was slower, it could prevent compound III accumulation when excess Mn(II) was present. Another protective mechanism for manganese peroxidase is proposed for insufficient chelator conditions. In contrast to effective Mn(II) chelators, low-affinity ligands supported considerably slower enzyme turnover, and Mn(III) released was more reactive with hydrogen peroxide, resulting in a catalase-type reaction. Reactivation of compound III and catalatic activity may provide biologically relevant mechanisms for protection of manganese peroxidase against suicidal inactivation by hydrogen peroxide under a variety of manganese and oxalate conditions.
An Improved Coupled Model for ENSO Prediction and Implications for Ocean Initialization. Part II: The Coupled Model

Abstract An improved forecast system has been developed and implemented for ENSO prediction at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). This system consists of a new ocean data assimilation system and an improved coupled ocean–atmosphere forecast model (CMP12) for ENSO prediction. The new ocean data assimilation system is described in Part I of this two-part paper. The new coupled forecast model (CMP12) is a variation of the standard NCEP coupled model (CMP10). Major changes in the new coupled model are improved vertical mixing for the ocean model; relaxation of the model’s surface salinity to the climatological annual cycle; and incorporation of an anomalous freshwater flux forcing. Also, the domain in which the oceanic SST couples to the atmosphere is limited to the tropical Pacific. Evaluation of ENSO prediction results show that the new coupled model, using the more accurate ocean initial conditions, achieves higher prediction skill. However, two sets of hindcasting experiments (one u...
Role of Current Good Manufacturing Practices in Establishment of Quality Assurance for in-House Radiopharmaceuticals

The ultimate goal of any facility involved in the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals should be the generation of products that are safe and effective. Although this is a fairly obvious statement and almost all nuclear medicine personnel and radiopharmaceutical chemists would affirm that they do this, they cannot always prove their assertion; the failure is evidenced by a lack of sufficient data, lack of proper validation, or lack of documentation.
Material Witness Detentions After Al-Kidd

The Supreme Court’s decision in Ashcroft v. al-Kidd was a tempest in a teapot. The Court concluded only that a witness was no less susceptible to arrest under the Federal Material Witness Statute if the government was interested in prosecuting the witness himself. Unremarkably under the holding, it is no more difficult to detain an al-Qaeda member who witnessed a crime than it is to detain an innocent bystander who witnessed a crime. The fact that a criminal suspect can be held, however, raises concerns beyond the scope of the narrow question before the Court. If the government’s real interest is bringing a case against the witness, the government will be far less circumspect in its decision to seek an arrest warrant for the witness and will not have an incentive to hold the witness in the least restrictive conditions. Vague standards that assume the government’s good faith may be sufficient when the prosecution’s principal interest is the witness’ effective testimony. These standards are insufficient when material witnesses are potentially suspects. The egregious facts of the al-Kidd case reveal that Congress must establish clearer criteria for the arrest and treatment of material witnesses.
Abstract 10947: Longer and Faster Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients Predicts for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks and Sudden Cardiac Death

Introduction: Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) may be underestimated in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Its impact on the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in HCM is controversial. There is no distinction made in the guidelines as to the length or rate of NSVT as a risk marker for SCD. Hypothesis: NSVT may be nearly universal in HCM patients with high risk of SCD and not found because of the limited time frame of monitoring. NSVT may be associated with appropriate Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) shocks and SCD. Methods: A retrospective study of 181 HCM patients who had an ICD and were followed for at least 6 months from 2000 to 2013 at Tufts Medical Center was performed. The pre-operative evaluations as well as routine ICD follow up notes were reviewed. Results: ICD was implanted in 175 (96.7%) patients as primary prevention and in 6 (3.3%) patients as secondary prevention for SCD. Ninety six (53.0%) patients total had NSVT, including 48 (26.5%) before and 77 (42.5%) after ICD implantation. The agreement for detecting NSVT between Holter monitoring and ICD interrogation was poor (Kappa=0.18, p=0.054). Eighteen (18.75%) patients with NSVT and 6 (7.06%) patients without NSVT had appropriate ICD shocks or SCD (Figure 1). In multivariable analysis, NSVT was independently associated with appropriate ICD shocks and SCD (OR 3.69, 95%CI: 1.31 - 10.43) and remained significant in the 175 patients who had ICD implanted as primary prevention (OR 3.86, 95%CI: 1.13 - 13.18). More rapid NSVT (Cl 18beats) also predicted appropriate ICD shocks and SCD (OR=23.7, 95%CI: 2.7, 204.9). Conclusion: The agreement for detecting NSVT between Holter and ICD interrogation is poor. NSVT is significantly associated with appropriate ICD shocks and SCD. Faster and longer NSVT are even more predictive. Extending rhythm monitor time merits consideration in HCM patients.
Enhanced Detection of Cardiovascular Biomarker Proteins: A Detailed Study of Nanoconfinement in Nanoporous Membrane

The goal of this work is to understand the role of nano-confinement in designing an inexpensive and user friendly ‘point- of- care’ (POC) protein biosensor. We used printed circuit board based gold chips and integrated them with nanoporous alumina membranes in generating high density arrays of nano scale confined spaces. We initially tested the role of a nanomembrane in achieving signal enhancement through size based confinement of proteins. As a later part of the experiment, we studied the role of pore size on achieving signal enhancement by using membranes of two different pore sizes of 100 and 200 nm. It is critical that ultralow detection of biomolecules be achieved as they have significant impact in designing diagnostics platforms for early disease diagnosis. Commercially available nano-porous membranes made out of anodized alumina were evaluated for their role in nano-confinement and enhancing sensitivity of detection. In this biosensor configuration sandwich assay, an electrical double layer is formed between a test protein (C-reactive protein) and the gold surface underneath the porous membrane. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy, the capacitance/impedance changes in the electrical double layer, was analyzed which translated to identifying the sensitivity and the linear dose response of the sensor for two specific conditions (a) with nano confinement and (b) for varying size of confined spaces
A comment on the CDC study of nonsexual household transmission of AIDS and on Cameron's correction to that study.

Cameron (1) has reported that there are errors in the statistical analysis used by Mann, et al. (3) in their paper on the risk due to household, nonsexual contact with AIDS patients. While Cameron is correct in noting the error by the authors of the paper, we also disagree with Cameron's alternate analysis. The effect of clustering or intraclass correlation is to increase the variance of comparisons and thus to reduce the statistical significance of hypothesis tests. Since Mann, et al. found no statistically significant increase in risk to all contacts or to nonspouses se arately with the incorrect analysis, an analysis taking account of the intraclass correlation wogd lower the magnitude of the chi-squared statistic and thereby increase the p-value from its ahead nonsignificant value (2). Cameron's proposed reanalysis, however, leads to a nearly sigdcant (p= ,095) increase in risk in the nonspouse analysis and a si nificant increase if domestic workers are not counted. What might explain this apparent contradiction) Cameron did employ one proper approach for dealing with clustering, namely, using the cluster (i.e., the famil ) as the unit of analysis. This is not the most efficient approach but, if properly done, is valil The problem here is that Cameron ignores the confounding due to family size. There were an average of four nonspousal contacts per family in the HN+ group and an average of only three in the FIIV- group. In effect there is a 33% greater chance that a family in the HN+ group wlll have an infected contact than a family in the HIV- group, solely because the families are 33Yo larger. It should not surprise us that Cameron found a significant difference. Unfortunately, a proper analys~s cannot be performed from the data published by Mam, et al. We wish to emphasize two conclusions. First, the proper analysis would have ielded larger p-values than reported by Mann, et a[., so that Mann, et al. are correct in condudilng no statisticall significant increase in risk. Second, we agree with Cameron that Mann, et al. cannot concide that their data "do not support the hypothesis that nonsexual transmission occurs in households," but for different reasons than Cameron gave. The confidence intervals reported by Mann, et al. are very wide, as Rothman has noted (4), and would have been even wider if the proper analysis had been performed. To conclude no or minimal risk, the upper bound of the relevant confidence interval should be near one. The upper bound of the interval for the relative risk for nonspouses reported by Mann, et 01. was 13.3-not at all reassuring. Our conclusion is that the data reported by Mann, et al. are neither alarming nor comforting. It was an inadequate study, improperly analyzed, and as such we can learn little from it.
A Sociological Perspective on the Use of Technology: The Adoption of Internet Technology in U.S. Organizations

An understanding of the meaning new technologies have for society must begin with an understanding of the types of actors that employ a given technology. While the Internet has become a rapidly exp...
José García Villa o el danzante enmascarado.

Son of an Army physician and a wealthy landowner, the poet Jose Garcia Villa was born on August 5, 1908, in Manila, Philippines. At the age of twenty-two, Garcia Villa traveled to the Unites States. After studying some time in New Mexico, he moved to New York. In this city (where he later was known as “The Pope of Greenwich Village”) he got to be friends with poets like Edith Sitwell, Marianne Moore, Elisabeth Bishop, E. E. Cummings y W. H. Auden. In 1942, Villa published Have Come, Am Here. Other collections of poems include Volume Two (1949), Selected Poems and New (1958), and Appassionata: Poems in Praise of Love (1979). Considered the only Asian American poet among a group of giants in 1950s New York, Garcia Villa never wrote poems in Spanish, and even today he is a rara avis in the pantheon of American literature. Garcia Villa died from a cerebral stroke on February 10, 1997.
Five- and Six-Body Resonances Tied to an Efimov Trimer

We explore the properties of weakly bound bosonic states in the strongly interacting regime. Combining a correlated-Gaussian basis set expansion with a complex-scaling method, we extract the energies and structural properties of bosonic cluster states with $N\ensuremath{\le}6$ for different two-body potentials. The identification of five- and six-body resonances attached to the first-excited-Efimov trimer provides strong support to the premise of Efimov universality in bosonic systems. Our study also reveals a rich structure of bosonic cluster states. Besides the lowest cluster states that behave as bosonic droplets, we identify cluster states weakly bound to one or two atoms forming effective cluster-atom dimers and cluster-atom-atom ``trimers.'' The experimental signatures of these cluster states are discussed.
Heuristics and Meta-heuristics for Runway Scheduling Problems

This chapter addresses the state-of-the-art heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches for solving aircraft runway scheduling problem under variety of settings. Runway scheduling has been one of the emerging challenges in air traffic control as the congestion figures continue to rise. From a modeling point of view, mixed-integer programming formulations for single and multiple dependent and independent runways are presented. A set partitioning reformulation of the problem is demonstrated which suggests development of a column generation scheme. From a solution methodology viewpoint, generic heuristic algorithms, optimization-based approaches, and a dynamic programming scheme within the column generation algorithm are presented. Common meta-heuristic approaches that model variant problem settings under static and dynamic environments are discussed.
Reflections on the “Spiral of Silence”

(1991). Reflections on the “Spiral of Silence”. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 14, Communication Yearbook 14, pp. 288-297.
Urinary Excretion of the β-Adrenergic Feed Additives Ractopamine and Zilpaterol in Breast and Lung Cancer Patients

β2-Adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) have been legally used in the U.S. for almost two decades to increase lean muscle mass in meat animals. Despite a cardiotoxic effect after high-dose exposure, there has been limited research on human β-agonist exposures related to meat consumption. We quantified urinary concentrations of ractopamine and zilpaterol, two FDA-approved β-agonist feed additives, and examined the extent to which the concentrations were associated with estimated usual meat intake levels. Overnight urine samples from 324 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and spot urine samples from 46 lung cancer patients at the time of diagnosis, prior to treatment, were collected during 2006–2010 and 2014–2015, respectively. Urinary ractopamine and zilpaterol concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS. Ractopamine and zilpaterol, respectively, were detected in 8.1% and 3.0% of the urine samples collected (n = 370). Only 1.1% (n = 4) of the urine samples had zilpaterol concentrations above the limit of quan...
The Xavante in perspective: anthropology and history in the study of indigenous populations

Review ofCOIMBRA JR., C. E. A.; WELCH, J. R. (Org.). Antropologia ehistoria Xavante em perspectiva. Rio de Janeiro: Museu doIndio/Funai, 2014. 216p.
Identification of an optimum control algorithm to reject unwanted yaw effect on wheeled armored vehicle due to the recoil force

This article presents an active safety system for a wheeled armored vehicle to encounter the effect of the firing force. The firing force which acts as an external disturbance causes unwanted yaw m...
Treatment of Early-Stage Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Although T2,N0,M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma is grouped with other locoregional disease by NCCN, no consensus exists about how it should be treated. One of the inherent complexities of treating T2,N0,M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma is the inaccuracy of the clinical staging. In addition, conflicting evidence exists about whether neoadjuvant therapy adds any benefit to esophagectomy. A 52-year-old patient recently seen at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center illustrates the complexity of these issues.
NCCN Guidelines Update: Evolving Radiation Therapy Recommendations for Breast Cancer

In the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Breast Cancer, among adjuvant radiotherapy options for whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery, hypofractionation is preferred. For the use of accelerated partial-breast irradiation, the NCCN Guidelines have adopted the updated definition of "suitability" used by the American Society for Radiation Oncology. Regional nodal irradiation is indicated-either in the setting of breast-conserving surgery or after mastectomy-for women with ≥4 positive nodes and should be strongly considered for 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes and select patients with node-negative disease deemed at high risk for recurrence.
Orthogonality — Conventional and Unconventional — In Numerical Analysis

The idea of orthogonality is widespread in numerical analysis. In its analytic form, it is used to great advantage in problems of least squares approximation, quadrature, and differential equations. The principal tools are orthogonal polynomials. In its algebraic (finite-dimensional) form, orthogonality underlies many iterative methods for solving large systems of linear algebraic equations. If used in similarity transformations, it leads to effective methods of computing eigenvalues. Here, we shall limit ourselves to two application areas: numerical quadrature and univariate approximation. We review a number of applications in which orthogonality plays a significant role and in some of which nonstandard features suggest interesting new problems of analysis and computation.
Apoptosis in basilar endothelial cells in a canine double hemorrhage model.

Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a combination of prolonged contraction and vessel remodeling that may lead to cerebral ischemia or infarction [2]. Morphological studies of cerebral arteries affected by vasospasm often show extensive necrosis of smooth-muscle cells [1] as well as desquamation and dystrophy of endothelial cells [7, 11]. The actual mechanisms of cellular death following cerebral vasospasm are not known. Recent studies of post-SAH vasospasm in this laboratory strongly suggest that endothelial cells may be dying through apoptotic pathways [8, 10].
Sensory Politics and War: Affective Anchoring and Vitality in Nigeria and Kuwait

Media coverage of the US Wars on Terrorism and in Iraq created affectively charged images, movements and sounds of war, sensoria of violence that amass and circulate. Such sensoria, in predominantly Muslim northern Nigeria and Kuwait, elicited emotional memories of other wars, and moral appraisals of war that collapsed times and spaces of “danger.” Musa and Dahlia, living in Nigeria and Kuwait, respectively, shared common interests in global Islam and piety movements, and with the post-9/11 wars, intensified anxieties about potential harm to themselves and to other Muslims. Tracing their political-spiritual intersubjectivities, Casey’s chapter sheds light on the mutual inclusion of micro- and macro-political sensoria and consciousness—in which there is an excess of affect with tendencies to conform socially or to escape societal norms.
Modeling liquid properties, solvation, and hydrophobicity: A molecular size-based perspective

A recently introduced molecular size-based model that allows a unified description of enthalpies of vaporization, boiling points, gas–liquid solubilities, and vapor pressures for simple organic liquids using a free energy expression obtained from molecular-level assumptions is summarized. By changing the interaction-related constant ω used by the model when water is the solvent, the model can be extended to describe alkane–water partition,octanol–water partition, and water solubility of solutes that have no hydrogen-bonding or strongly polar substituents. Here, it is shown that thisΔω change, which is most likely related to the changes that the solute produces in the hydrogen-bonded structure of water, agrees very well with the value that can be derived from the modified hydration-shell hydrogen-bond model of Muller. By combining the present molecular size-based model with this hydrogen-bonding model, a simplified but consistent description is obtained for the properties of water and for the hydrophobic effect. This indicates that many unusual properties of water may be accounted for by a proper combination of the nonspecific interactions as extrapolated from other liquids, the unusually small size of its molecules, and an adequate model of hydrogen-bonding. A fully computerized method (QLogP) that can estimate octanol–water log P for a large variety of organic solutes also fits within this unified approach. Despite using only two parameters (molecular volume and a novel, quantified parameter that is probably hydrogen-bonding-related), the predictive power of this method is similar to that of the considerably more complex fragment-contribution methods often used by medicinal chemists (ACD/LogP, AFC, CLOGP, KLogP, MLogP, Rekker), as illustrated by a comparison based on various structures.