cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PLUTONIUM IN LAKE ONTARIO

Abstract The presence of West Valley-delivered radionuclides in the western basin of Lake Ontario is demonstrated through an analysis of plutoniums and associated radionuclides in a 210Pb-dated sediment core. It is observed that the radionuclide profiles are consistent with the 1970 West Valley peak discharge and not the 1963 fallout peak activity. The drainage basin soils are estimated to annually release only about 0.006% of their fallout 239,240Pu inventory to the receiving waters. Taken together, on a lakewide basis, both releases have made very little contribution to the overall levels of plutoniums in the open waters though surges in West Valley emissions were obviously a significant contributor to western Lake Ontario waters. It appears nuclear reactor operations contribute very little plutonium to the open waters. Their influence on the nearshore zone must await the availability of relevant release and monitoring data.
A note on AFLs and bounded erasing

F-bounded erasing operator in abstract family of language for mapping, applying to families defined by tape-bounded Turing acceptors
Rainy day fund adoption in U.S. states: a case of learning or emulation

What factors influenced a state’s timeline in its adoption of a rainy day fund (RDF)? This paper utilizes event history analysis to determine the characteristics associated with the probability of state adoption of a rainy day fund between 1970 through 1995. We find that a state was more likely to adopt a RDF when its nearest largest neighbor had already adopted one. However, contrary to earlier studies, we found no association between the presence of a TEL or the amount of long-term outstanding debt on RDF adoption. As expected, states experiencing high revenue volatility were more likely to adopt a RDF.
Yaba Tumor Virus. I. Studies on Pathogenesis and Immunity

SummaryTumor development and CF antibody responses of monkeys inoculated s.c. and i.v. with various dilutions of Yaba tumor virus were investigated. Tumors developed at different times and at different sites with CF antibodies appearing soon after the development of tumors and attaining final CF titers comparable in all inoculated animals. No antigenic relationship between Yaba virus and monkey pox viruses was found by in vivo challenge, or between Yaba, monkey pox, and vaccinia virus by cross CF and HI tests. The development of viral antigen(s) in tumor cells removed from infected monkeys at weekly intervals was monitored by the FA technique and CF test. Although the FA technique detected the viral antigen earlier, both procedures were equally effective for detection of antigen in tumors removed 4 or more weeks postinfection.
The Replicase Gene of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Is a Determinant of Pathogenicity

We have previously demonstrated that the replacement of the S gene from an avirulent strain (Beaudette) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an S gene from a virulent strain (M41) resulted in a recombinant virus (BeauR-M41(S)) with the in vitro cell tropism of the virulent virus but that was still avirulent. In order to investigate whether any of the other structural or accessory genes played a role in pathogenicity we have now replaced these from the Beaudette strain with those from M41. The recombinant IBV was in effect a chimaeric virus with the replicase gene derived from Beaudette and the rest of the genome from M41. This demonstrated that it is possible to exchange a large region of the IBV genome, approximately 8.4 kb, using our transient dominant selection method. Recovery of a viable recombinant IBV also demonstrated that it is possible to interchange a complete replicase gene as we had in effect replaced the M41 replicase gene with the Beaudette derived gene. Analysis of the chimaeric virus showed that it was avirulent indicating that none of the structural or accessory genes derived from a virulent isolate of IBV were able to restore virulence and that therefore, the loss of virulence associated with the Beaudette strain resides in the replicase gene.
Comment on "the placenta harbors a unique microbiome".

Aagaard et al. present “an initial snapshot of the human placental microbiome and reveal which organisms are present, what they are capable of doing, and how the placental community is likely structured” in their recent Science Translational Medicine article ([ 1 ][1]). They used a culture-
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YopD mutants that genetically separate effector protein translocation from host membrane disruption

The Yersinia type III secretion system (T3SS) translocates Yop effector proteins into host cells to manipulate immune defenses such as phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The T3SS translocator proteins YopB and YopD form pores in host membranes, facilitating Yop translocation. While the YopD amino and carboxy termini participate in pore formation, the role of the YopD central region between amino acids 150-227 remains unknown. We assessed the contribution of this region by generating Y. pseudotuberculosis yopD(Δ150-170) and yopD(Δ207-227) mutants and analyzing their T3SS functions. These strains exhibited wild-type levels of Yop secretion in vitro and enabled robust pore formation in macrophages. However, the yopDΔ150-170 and yopD(Δ207-227) mutants were defective in Yop translocation into CHO cells and splenocyte-derived neutrophils and macrophages. These data suggest that YopD-mediated host membrane disruption and effector Yop translocation are genetically separable activities requiring distinct protein domains. Importantly, the yopD(Δ150-170) and yopD(Δ207-227) mutants were defective in Yop-mediated inhibition of macrophage cell death and ROS production in neutrophil-like cells, and were attenuated in disseminated Yersinia infection. Therefore, the ability of the YopD central region to facilitate optimal effector protein delivery into phagocytes, and therefore robust effector Yop function, is important for Yersinia virulence.
Functional Polymer Brushes in Aqueous Media from Self-Assembled and Surface-Initiated Polymers

This review focuses on the behavior of single-component, water-soluble neutral and charged brushes. Selected examples illustrate how solvation effects, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions create complex behaviors not easily captured in mean-field treatments. In particular, we distinguish between two classes of polymer brushes: those that can be described classically within the context of generalized van der Waals potentials and those that can be described by model-dependent potentials arising from specific interactions. In classical systems, only a few global parameters are needed to predict behavior. Nonclassical systems, in contrast, necessitate several local details, which do not necessarily lead to universal scaling laws. Although these nonclassical interactions present unique opportunities for engineering functional surfaces, they also present new challenges for designing well-defined systems with precise control over distributions in the degree of polymerization and tethering density.
Operating strategies under emission constraints

The emission-constrained dispatch problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained minimization problem. Consequently, the solution to the problem gives a continuous relationship between cost and annual emission for SO/sub 2/. It is shown that the power system should be operated at the same value of the Lagrangian multiplier, /spl eta/, in every hour where /spl eta/ is defined as /spl part/(production cost)//spl part/(hourly emission). The addition of /spl eta/ as a proxy cost of emission in the economical dispatch procedure achieves this goal. It is shown that the emission-/spl eta/ relationship obtained by NLCM procedure can be used to make operating decisions, in particular, the trading of allowances. >
Human mesenchymal stem cells signals regulate neural stem cell fate.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes depending on their location within the central nervous system (CNS). The cellular and molecular cues mediating end-stage cell fate choices are not completely understood. The retention of multipotent NSCs in the adult CNS raises the possibility that selective recruitment of their progeny to specific lineages may facilitate repair in a spectrum of neuropathological conditions. Previous studies suggest that adult human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) improve functional outcome after a wide range of CNS insults, probably through their trophic influence. In the context of such trophic activity, here we demonstrate that hMSCs in culture provide humoral signals that selectively promote the genesis of neurons and oligodendrocytes from NSCs. Cell–cell contacts were less effective and the proportion of hMSCs that could be induced to express neural characteristics was very small. We propose that the selective promotion of neuronal and oligodendroglial fates in neural stem cell progeny is responsible for the ability of MSCs to enhance recovery after a wide range of CNS injuries.
Helping Teachers Formulate Sound Test Accommodation Decisions for Students with Learning Disabilities.

This paper introduces a data-based approach as an alternative way to help teachers formulate decisions about the validity of test accommodations for students with LD. Three rationales for the approach are provided: (a) an inadequate research base to guide decision-making; (b) the heterogeneity of the LD population; and (c) problems with teachers' use of subjective judgment. Well-controlled studies on test accommodations are too scarce to draw firm conclusions about effects for the group of students labeled learning disabled (LD). Moreover, in light of the heterogeneity of learning disabilities, the individual, rather than the LD label, may be the more appropriate unit for deciding which test accommodations preserve the validity of test scores for students with LD. In this paper, we provide a rationale for a data-based approach to help teachers formulate decisions about the validity of test accommodations for individual students with LD. Then we describe an objective assessment process teachers may use in determining valid test accommodations. We conclude with recommendations for practitioners.
An Assessment of Criminal Thinking Among Incarcerated Youths in Three States

The Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scales (CTS) instrument has been shown to predict outcomes for institutionalized adult offenders. This article examines responses among male (n = 151) and female (n = 52) incarcerated adolescents, and they were compared to norms for incarcerated adult offenders. The results indicated that the adolescent sample had higher scores on four scales (Entitlement, Justification, Personal Irresponsibility, Power of Orientation) but not on Criminal Rationalization. Scores did not differ by gender or ethnicity of respondents. The results provide convergent validity indicating that the scores for adolescents were correlated with prior history of criminal behavior, substance use, family dysfunction, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition diagnoses of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Thus, the CTS may provide useful diagnostic information to help identify youth with a constellation of problem behaviors that predict poo...
Effect of Resolidification Conditions on ${\rm Bi}_{2}{\rm Sr}_{2}{\rm CaCu}_{2}{\rm O}_{\rm x}/{\rm Ag/AgMg}$ Coil Performance

The performance of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi2212) wires is very sensitive to the heat treatment conditions, and in particular to the conditions immediately after partial-melting. In this paper, the effect of solidification conditions on Bi2212/Ag/AgMg coil performance is investigated using a split melt process. After partial melting, Bi2212 is first cooled with a relatively fast cooling rate, 10degC/hr, for a short time until reaching ldquoT1rdquo and subsequently by a slower cooling rate, 2.5degC/hr, for a much longer period of time. Here we study the effects of varying T1. With decreasing T1, the overall effective cooling rate during resolidification, particularly the initial stage of resolidification, is increased. As a result, the Bi2212 grain size and the bridges between filaments are inhibited. For short witness samples heat treated with the coils, the transport current and the connectivity decrease with decreasing T1. A similar tendency is observed in coils, however the coils also show inhomogeneous performance within the conductor. In coils the end sections have higher transport critical current and better connectivity than the middle sections. With decreasing T1 the difference between end sections and middle sections also decreases. Microanalysis shows that with the insulation on the conductor (both witness samples and short samples cut from coil sections) during heat treatment, increased copper-free phases are found in the Bi2212 filaments as compared to the witness samples heat treated without insulation. In short samples cut from coils, microanalysis also shows an increase in the number of outer filaments that are lost. EDS analysis indicates that Ag and Cu react with the insulation fiber. The Cu diffuses through the Ag sheath and reacts with the insulation fiber, leading to Cu deficiency in the filaments.
An Optical Study of Talc‐Tremolite Relations

An optical study of talc-tremolite from Fullerville, St. Lawrence County, New York, confirmed the crystallographic orientation determined by Stemple and Brindley. Both minerals exhibit normal optic properties. The optic orientation of talc given in standard references appears to be in error.
Differences in transport of fatty acids and expression of fatty acid transporting proteins in adipose tissue of obese black and white women.

We have reported that the rate of de novo triglyceride (TG) synthesis by omental, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue was higher in African-American women (AAW) than in Caucasian women (CAW). The ...
Why Study German in 1941?1

Author's Summary.— We cannot afford to imitate Nazi procedure and hurt ourselves by ostracizing a great cultural language, with its contributions to literature, music and science. Ideas are immortal; languages bearing great messages have withstood the ravages of time.
Thermal Imaging Ensures Aircraft Turbine Quality

Highest quality standards during the manufacturing process of engine components are indispensable for secure aviation. The research conducted at the RWTH Aachen University's machine tool laboratory focuses on temperature as the primary variable in the machining process. This is a complex process due to the high speeds and relatively thin chips. These chips have a minimum thickness of 15 micrometers, and required a fast, high-resolution thermal imaging camera equipped with a macro lens. The thermographic studies confirm some of the common theories but have also resulted in corrections to the theoretically expected distribution of temperatures, which has in turn lead important insights, which help imtoprove quality and workmanship. The machine tool lab researchers have been able to define process conditions that ensure the highest quality and productivity at the same time.
T-Cell Correlates of Vaccine Efficacy after a Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge

Determining the "correlates of protection" is one of the challenges in human immunodeficiency virus vaccine design. To date, T-cell-based AIDS vaccines have been evaluated with validated techniques that measure the number of CD8(+) T cells in the blood that secrete cytokines, mainly gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), in response to synthetic peptides. Despite providing accurate and reproducible measurements of immunogenicity, these methods do not directly assess antiviral function and thus may not identify protective CD8(+) T-cell responses. To better understand the correlates of vaccine efficacy, we analyzed the immune responses elicited by a successful T-cell-based vaccine against a heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus challenge. We searched for correlates of protection using a viral suppression assay (VSA) and an IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay. While the VSA measured in vitro suppression, it did not predict the outcome of the vaccine trial. However, we found several aspects of the vaccine-induced T-cell response that were associated with improved outcome after challenge. Of note, broad vaccine-induced prechallenge T-cell responses directed against Gag and Vif correlated with lower viral loads and higher CD4(+) lymphocyte counts. These results may be relevant for the development of T-cell-based AIDS vaccines since they indicate that broad epitope-specific repertoires elicited by vaccination might serve as a correlate of vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that certain viral proteins may be more effective than others as vaccine immunogens.
Internet-based home asthma telemonitoring: can patients handle the technology?

Study objective: To evaluate the validity of spirometry self-testing during home telemonitoring and to assess the acceptance of an Internet-based home asthma telemonitoring system by asthma patients. Design: We studied an Internet-based telemonitoring system that collected spirometry data and symptom reports from asthma patients’ homes for review by physicians in the medical center’s clinical information system. After a 40-min training session, patients completed an electronic diary and performed spirometry testing twice daily on their own from their homes for 3 weeks. A medical professional visited each patient by the end of the third week of monitoring, 10 to 40 min after the patient had performed self-testing, and asked the patient to perform the spirometry test again under his supervision. We evaluated the validity of self-testing and surveyed the patients attitude toward the technology using a standardized questionnaire. Setting: Telemonitoring was conducted in patients’ homes in a low-income inner city area. Patients: Thirty-one consecutive asthma patients without regard to computer experience. Measurement and results: Thirty-one asthma patients completed 3 weeks of monitoring. A paired t test showed no difference between unsupervised and supervised home spirometry self-testing. The variability of FVC (4.1%), FEV1 (3.7%), peak expiratory flow (7.9%), and other spirometric indexes in our study was similar to the within-subject variability reported by other researchers. Despite the fact that the majority of the patients (71%) had no computer experience, they indicated that the self-testing was “not complicated at all” or only “slightly complicated.” The majority of patients (87.1%) were strongly interested in using home asthma telemonitoring in the future. Conclusions: Spirometry self-testing by asthma patients during telemonitoring is valid and comparable to those tests collected under the supervision of a trained medical professional. Internet-based home asthma telemonitoring can be successfully implemented in a group of patients with no computer background. (CHEST 2000; 117:148 ‐155)
Medicinal use of marijuana. Is the debate a smoke screen for movement toward legalization

(1998). Medicinal use of marijuana. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 273-304.
Human brain myelination and amyloid beta deposition in Alzheimer’s disease

We hypothesized that myelin breakdown in vulnerable late-myelinating regions releases oligodendrocyte- and myelin-associated iron that promotes amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomerization, its associated toxicity, and the deposition of oligomerized Aβ and iron in neuritic plaques observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The model was tested by using published maps of cortical myelination from 1901 and recent in vivo imaging maps of Aβ deposits in humans. The data show that in AD, radiolabeled ligands detect Aβ deposition in a distribution that matches the map of late-myelinating regions. Furthermore, the strikingly lower ability of this imaging ligand to bind Aβ in animal models is consistent with the much lower levels of myelin and associated iron levels in rodents when compared with humans. The hypotheses derived from the “myelin model” are testable with current imaging methods and have important implications for therapeutic interventions that should be expanded to include novel targets such as oligodendrocytes, myelin, and brain iron.
Diffusion and Reaction in Root Nodules

(1987). Diffusion and Reaction in Root Nodules. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 43-95.
CoLoS USA-an interdisciplinary consortium for conceptual learning and innovative problem solving

As the computer technology continues to grow and with significant advances in the quality and availability of software tools for the development of multimedia assets including 3D computer-rendered graphics, video, audio, and authoring software, educators continue to search for innovative and effective means for using computers and software tools in teaching. The establishment of the Conceptual Learning of Science (CoLoS) USA consortium represents a novel alternative approach to using computers in education. The CoLoS approach is based on mimicking nature and using fundamental principles and basic laws to teach physical sciences and engineering. We present an overview of the CoLoS approach, review some of the modules proposed by members of the CoLoS USA consortium, and demonstrate some of CAEMEs new interactive multimedia modules for physics, math, and engineering education. Specifically, the "Calculus Castle" (which is a 3D computer-rendered castle housing eight complete calculus lessons), the "Physics Museum" (which includes virtual laboratories for conducting some fundamental physics experiments), and the CD-ROM for electromagnetics are demonstrated.
Safety standards for human exposure to radio frequency radiation and their biological rationale

Exposure guidelines for RF radiation have been promulgated for nearly half a century. However, our understanding of biological effects of exposure to RF radiation is still evolving and more so for cellular mobile telephones and wireless personal communication devices. There are two different sets of guidelines promulgated for limiting human exposure to RF radiation, worldwide. Currently, there is a backdrop of persistent, publicly expressed lack of confidence in radio-frequency (RF) exposure standards, pertaining to the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) level of humans exposed to RF electromagnetic radiation. Much of the current effort is driven by the advent of cellular mobile telephony, which uses RF radiation in the range of 800-2,500 MHz. The setting of guidelines or standards for maximum permissible levels of exposure to RF and microwave radiation is a valid approach to managing the risk of such exposures. The existing guidelines, however, are based on results obtained from acute, short-term studies that are atypical of the RF exposures associated with the handset of cellular mobile telephones. For the first time in human history, a source of RF radiation is located right next to the head of millions of cellular mobile telephone users. Biological effects after repeated, prolonged, or lifelong exposure to RF energy emitted by these low-power wireless telecommunication devices have been investigated only during the past few years. The existing scientific results are equivocal and arguable in many respects. Consequently, there remains a widespread public concern about the adequacy of existing guidelines in safeguarding the general population against possible harm of RF radiation from cellular mobile telephones.
A Patriot is Respectful: (Re-)Examining the Architecture of Ideology in Educational Contexts

Based upon a year-long sociosemiotic ethnographic study, this study explores the way semiotic forms are used to represent, orient, and organize ideological constructs in a US middle school. Social semiotic theory guides the study, drawing on multimodal analysis to elucidate the way material spaces are given symbolic primacy for ideological transmission within the school environment. Analysis of findings critiques the “hidden premises” of cultural reproduction through semiotic means and suggests implications for educational practice and policy.
High-resolution determination of the Benioff zone geometry beneath southern Peru

The Benioff zone geometry beneath southern Peru is determined using 32 months of arrival-time data from a local seismic network. Our data set includes 2476 located events, of which 205 are chosen to be master events; earthquakes with the most reliable locations. All the events are then relocated using sourceregion dependent station corrections derived from the station residuals of the master events. We find that the Benioff zone in the more southerly region of our study area dips at a nearly constant 30° to a depth of at least 200 km, while in the more northerly region this trend is apparent down to a depth of only 100 km, at which depth the Benioff zone becomes nearly horizontal. There are enough earthquakes in our data set in the transition zone between the regions to show conclusively that the deformation of the Benioff zone is continuous; i.e., there is no discontinuity in the seismicity that might suggest a tear in the subducting plate. These results corroborate those of Hasegawa and Sacks (1981) which used only about a third of the data now available.
Model Selection and Paradoxes of Prediction

In this essay we postulate a number of theoretical hypotheses allowing one to resolve in some degree the following two prediction paradoxes: (1) why simple linear models often have an advantage in predictive power over more complex nonlinear models that lead to a better in-sample fit; (2) why combinations of forecasts often increase the predictive power of individual forecasts. We also give a numerical example illustrating our theoretical statements.
Frege Numbers and the Relativity Argument

1 Briefly, as is well known, in Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press 1980), Frege himself held that numbers are objects assigned to (first-level) concepts (or properties), where each number is correlated with a numerical quantifier, i.e., a particular sort of (second-level) property of concepts. Since every concept has an extension (the class of things that fall under the concept) which is the image of the concept at the level of objects, corresponding to every quantifier there is a first-level numerical concept of equinumerous classes. Such concepts are very much like what proponents of what I'm calling 'the Fregean thesis' identify with the numbers. Now, those who adhere more strictly to the Fregean tradition with its inviolable distinction between concept and object, like Maddy, identify the numbers with the extensions of these first-level concepts; cf. Penelope Maddy, 'Proper Classes,' Journal of Symbolic Logic 48 (1983) 113-39, and 'Sets and Numbers,' Nous 15 (1981) 495-513; also, Frege himself explicitly adopts this postion in the Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, vol. 1 (Hildesheim: Olms Verlag 1962). Others, who don't accept the inviolability of this distinction, take the numbers to be those very concepts themselves (or closely related ones). Cf., e.g., George Bealer, Quality and Concept (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1982), esp. 85-9 and ch. 6; also Christopher Menzel, 'A Complete, Type-free "Second-order" Logic and Its Philosophical Foundations,' Report No. CSLI-86-40, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, 1986, esp. 1-6 and n. 19. Both views, despite their differences, fall under what I'm calling the Fregean thesis. I will occasionally modify Austin's translations of the Grundlagen slightly in this paper.
Social Entrepreneurship: A Case Study From Brazil.

Through careful sourcing of commodities cost-cutting efficiencies and realistic pricing 3 large contraceptive social marketing programs evolved into profit-making enterprises while continuing to make low-priced contraceptives available to low-income consumers on a substantial scale.
Synchrotron photoionization measurements of OH-initiated cyclohexene oxidation: ring-preserving products in OH + cyclohexene and hydroxycyclohexyl + O2 reactions.

Earlier synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry experiments suggested a prominent ring-opening channel in the OH-initiated oxidation of cyclohexene, based on comparison of product photoionization spectra with calculated spectra of possible isomers. The present work re-examines the OH + cyclohexene reaction, measuring the isomeric products of OH-initiated oxidation of partially and fully deuterated cyclohexene. In particular, the directly measured photoionization spectrum of 2-cyclohexen-1-ol differs substantially from the previously calculated Franck–Condon envelope, and the product spectrum can be fit with no contribution from ring-opening. Measurements of H2O2 photolysis in the presence of C6D10 establish that the addition–elimination product incorporates the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl radical reactant and loses a hydrogen (a D atom in this case) from the ring. Investigation of OH + cyclohexene-4,4,5,5-d4 confirms this result and allows mass discrimination of different abstraction pathways. P...
U.S.-based Latina/o college students' attitudes toward online counseling

The purpose of the study was to examine the attitudes of Latina/o college students in the U.S. toward online counseling, with particular attention to the role of gender, self-stigma, perceptions of stigma by others, and acculturation within a sample of 231 college students. This cross-sectional survey used the ‘Perceived Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Psychological Help Scale’ (Vogel et al. 2009), the ‘Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychological Help Scale’ (Vogel et al. 2006), and the ‘Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics’ (Marin et al. 1987) to measure attitudes toward online counseling. Online counseling had a significant but weak relationship with self-stigma. Additionally, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis tested variables that might predict attitudes toward online counseling, using previous experience with counseling and gender as control variables. In the overall model, previous experience with counseling, acculturation, and self-stigma significantly predicted attitudes toward online counseling. The implications of the findings as well as areas for future research are discussed.
Potentially disruptive life events: what are the immediate impacts on chronic disease management? A case-crossover analysis.

Objective To explore the association between unexpected potentially disruptive life events in a patient or family member that may challenge an individual's ability to take medications as prescribed and the discontinuation of evidence-based medications for common, chronic conditions. Understanding the relationship between medication adherence and life stressors, especially those that can be identified using administrative data, may help identify patients at risk of non-adherence. Design Observational self-controlled case-crossover design. Setting Individuals in a nationally representative US commercial health insurance database. Participants Adult individuals who initiated an oral hypoglycaemic, antihypertensive and/or statin and subsequently stopped the medication for ≥90 days. Main outcome measure Potentially disruptive life events among patients and their family members measured in the 30 days just before the medication was discontinued (‘hazard period’) compared with the 30 days before this period (‘control period’). These events included personal injury, hospitalisation, emergency room visits, changes in insurance coverage, acute stress or acute anxiety. Results Among the 326 519 patients meeting study criteria who discontinued their chronic disease medications, 88 896 (27.2%) experienced at least one potentially disruptive life event. Newly experiencing an injury (OR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.42), an emergency room visit (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.26) and acute stress (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.31) were associated with discontinuation. Life events among patients’ family members did not appear to be associated with medication discontinuation or occurred less frequently just prior to discontinuation. Conclusions Potentially disruptive life events among individuals identified using routinely collected claims data are associated with discontinuation of chronic disease medications. Awareness of these events may help providers or payers identify patients at risk of non-adherence to maximise patient outcomes.
Intellectual Property And Technology Transfer At The University of Idaho

(2002). Intellectual Property And Technology Transfer At The University of Idaho. Materials Technology: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 134-137.
Effect of an NSE PTA balloon in experimental lesion models

The effect of a scoring balloon has been reported. However, it is difficult to compare the effect of conventional vs. scoring balloons on the same lesion. Therefore, we assessed the scoring effect of the NSE with and without elements. The endpoints of this study were scoring grade in the eccentric agar model and crack incidence in the eccentric plaster model after ballooning. The scoring grade consisted of 5 levels: (1) almost none, (2) only at the surface, (3) cleavage in the depth of less than two-thirds, (4) cleavage in the depth of two-thirds or more, and (5) collapse. The scoring grade was assessed by blinded reviewers. To estimate the incidence of crack after ballooning for plaster model, balloon expansion pressure was recorded when plaster was broken. In the eccentric agar model, the overall scoring grade was significantly higher in the NSE group compared with the NSE without elements group (p = 0.002). The scoring grade at a diameter of 4.0 mm was significantly higher in the NSE group (p = 0.018). The scoring grade at nominal pressure was significantly higher in the NSE group (p = 0.016). In the eccentric plaster model, the crack incidence of the calcified region was overall significantly higher in the NSE group than that in the NSE without elements group (63 vs. 42 %, p = 0.04). A crack was found at calcification severity ≥180° in the NSE group (84 vs. 56 %, p = 0.014). Our result suggested that NSE exhibited a higher scoring effect in both models compared with conventional balloons.
Is Mercury in a Remote Forested Watershed of the Adirondack Mountains Responding to Recent Decreases in Emissions

Although there has been a decline in U.S. mercury emissions, the effects of this change on remote ecosystems are not well understood. We examine decadal (2004–2015) responses of atmospheric mercury deposition, along with total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations and fluxes, to decrease in mercury emissions at Arbutus Lake-watershed in the remote forested Adirondack region of New York, a biological mercury hotspot. Although wet mercury deposition remains constant, THg deposition has decreased through decreases in litter mercury inputs (17.9 to 10.8 μg/m2-yr) apparently driven by decreases in atmospheric concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (Hgo). While the lake is a net sink for THg and MeHg, concentrations and fluxes of THg and MeHg have decreased in the inlet stream and lake water apparently in response to decreases in Hgo deposition. Decreases in surface water mercury have occurred despite decadal increases in concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. Moreover, the fraction of...
‘It was still all me’: self-forgetful autobiography in Seamus Heaney’s Death of a Naturalist

ABSTRACTThis article challenges the customary practice of reading Heaney’s early work autobiographically by examining a tension that appears in Heaney’s prose, which simultaneously champions lyric ...
Chromatin Profiling of the Globin Loci of Human ES Cells and ES-Derived Erythroid Cells.

Abstract 2535 Poster Board II-512 We used a high throughput approach to determine the chromatin profiles of the human β and α globin loci and their upstream and downstream regions in human undifferentiated ES cells, ES cell-derived erythroid cells, human fetal and adult origin erythroid cells and in primary cells and cell lines of endo-meso and ectodermal origins. All DNase I hypersensitive sites of the b-locus were absent in undifferentiated human ES cells except for HS2 of the b-globin locus control region. The chromatin profiles of the β and α globin loci of ES cell-derived erythroid cells were identical to those of fetal liver erythroid cells except that the hypersensitive site of the embryonic globin gene was more prominent. DNase I hypersensitive site 2 of the b-globin LCR, a potent enhancer, was present in all the cell lines and primary lineages we studied, providing direct evidence that it is ubiquitous. Several new erythroid specific DHSs were detected upstream of 5′HS7 of the β-LCR, raising the possibility that they play a role in the regulation of the β globin locus. The region downstream to 3′HS1 was depleted of DHSs except for the previously identified DHS mapping near the breakpoint of HPFH 1. Since DHSs are absent near the breakpoints of deletional HPFHs and db thalassemias and since enhancers are typically DHS positive, our results argue against the hypothesis of imported enhancers in the pathogenesis of deletional HPFH and db thalassemia mutants. All the previously identified erythroid specific DHSs of the α globin locus were absent in human ES cells. The α globin locus of ES cells, however, displayed three very prominent DHSs, which were located almost symmetrically about 40 Kb apart from each other and they were constitutively formed in all the lineages and cell lines we have studied; the 3′ and 5′ DHSs carried CTCF sites by ChIP-Seq assay raising the possibility that they mark the sites of chromatin insulators. Overall these results demonstrate the power of the new high throughput chromatin profiling approaches and their ability to uncover features of chromatin that may be of regulatory relevance. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A separation result for stationary preferences

Abstract A group of n > 1 agents have distinct stationary preferences on a space of consumption streams. Is there a single choice problem from which each agent has a unique and distinct optimum? That is, can one differentiate among the agents by asking them to make a single choice? This paper shows that the answer is yes.
Topoisomerase II inhibitors induce DNA damage-dependent interferon responses circumventing ebola virus immune evasion

Ebola virus (EBOV) protein VP35 inhibits production of interferon alpha/beta (IFN) by blocking RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, thereby promoting virus replication and pathogenesis. A high-throughput screening assay, developed to identify compounds that either inhibit or bypass VP35 IFN-antagonist function, identified five DNA intercalators as reproducible hits from a library of bioactive compounds. Four, including doxorubicin and daunorubicin, are anthracycline antibiotics that inhibit topoisomerase II and are used clinically as chemotherapeutic drugs. These compounds were demonstrated to induce IFN responses in an ATM kinase-dependent manner and to also trigger the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway of IFN induction. These compounds also suppress EBOV replication in vitro and induce IFN in the presence of IFN-antagonist proteins from multiple negative-sense RNA viruses. These findings provide new insights into signaling pathways activated by important chemotherapy drugs and identify a novel therapeutic approach for IFN induction that may be exploited to inhibit RNA virus replication.IMPORTANCE Ebola virus and other emerging RNA viruses are significant but unpredictable public health threats. Therapeutic approaches with broad-spectrum activity could provide an attractive response to such infections. We describe a novel assay that can identify small molecules that overcome Ebola virus-encoded innate immune evasion mechanisms. This assay identified as hits cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin. Follow-up studies provide new insight into how doxorubicin induces interferon (IFN) responses, revealing activation of both the DNA damage response kinase ATM and the DNA sensor cGAS and its partner signaling protein STING. The studies further demonstrate that the ATM and cGAS-STING pathways of IFN induction are a point of vulnerability not only for Ebola virus but for other RNA viruses as well, because viral innate immune antagonists consistently fail to block these signals. These studies thereby define a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention against emerging RNA viruses.
Haar wavelet operational matrix method for system of fractional nonlinear differential equations

In this paper, we present a reliable method for solving system of fractional nonlinear differential equations. The proposed technique utilizes the Haar wavelets in conjunction with a quasilinearization technique. The operational matrices are derived and used to reduce each equation in a system of fractional differential equations to a system of algebraic equations. Convergence analysis and implementation process for the proposed technique are presented. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the technique.
Triggered Depolymerization of Poly(Phenylcarbamate)-based Materials in Response to Orthogonal Stimuli

The synthesis of a polyacetal-block-polyurethane copolymer was achieved which possesses the ability to depolymerize both selectively and in response to orthogonal stimuli, heat and pH. To utilize heat as a stimulus, poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPA) was used as a block of the copolymer, while poly(benzyl-4-hydroxymethylphenylcarbamate) (PPC) end-capped with a tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group (Boc group) were explored for viability as a pH-responsive block. The stimulus-induced depolymerization was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). These techniques confirmed that the depolymerization event did not affect the nature of the neighboring polymeric block. Depolymerization kinetics were measured for various chain lengths of each block. The results are presented and discussed to explore the ability of these materials to depolymerize in a controlled manner depending on the magnitude of the stimulus, as well as the ability for the blocks to remain unaffected by the orthogonal stimulus. This work shows promise for the development of advanced coatings systems and drug delivery applications.
The role of motivation and adjustment in selection of expatriate academics in China: an intensive study of a Chinese university with one of the largest foreign faculty staffs

Throughout the world, numerous universities seek foreign faculty to meet their annual staffing needs for both English-speaking academic lecturers and oral English teachers. Recruiting and selecting quality foreign teachers are a great challenge for many learning institutions, including universities. Although there is ample research on adjustment and selection practices in international business operations, there is a lack of research for academic expatriates (Selmer and Lauring, 2011). This paper concentrates on a 25,000 student university located in central China. Although its location is less developed, pay is minimal, and pollution is significant, this university manages to boast a significantly large population of foreign faculty. This study shows a relationship between the expatriate faculty's motivations for coming to SIAS and their adjustment to living abroad and expands on this relationship's implications on selection of the best candidates.
"It's Relentless": Providers' Experience of Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness.

Abstract Background: Children with chronic critical illness (CCI), those children with repeated and prolonged hospitalizations along with technology-dependence or multiple organ system involvement, are increasing in number. The intensive daily needs of these children, during hospitalization and at home, affect both clinicians and families. Objective: To assess clinician experiences of burnout and clinician perceptions of family burnout in caring for children with CCI. Design: Semistructured interviews with 44 stakeholders known for pediatric CCI expertise were audio-recorded and transcribed. Participants characterized their experiences with provider and family burnout. Setting/Subjects: Stakeholders were from five metropolitan areas, representing a variety of professions (i.e., inpatient/outpatient clinicians, home health providers, and policy professionals). Measurements: Content analysis was performed on interview transcripts. Results: Participants reported that both clinicians and families caring for c...
Minimizing the Total Liner Shipping Route Service Costs via Application of an Efficient Collaborative Agreement

Increasing size of vessels and formation of alliances are the common strategies, which have been widely used by liner shipping companies over the last years, aiming to serve the growing demand for the international seaborne trade efficiently. However, without a proper design of vessel schedules liner shipping companies may incur substantial monetary losses. This paper proposes a novel collaborative agreement, according to which multiple vessel arrival time windows, start and end times for each time window, and multiple handling rates during each time window are offered by the marine container terminal operator to the liner shipping company at each port of the given liner shipping route. The vessel scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model, where the total liner shipping route service cost is minimized. A set of linearization techniques are applied to the original model, and the linearized model is solved using CPLEX. A number of computational experiments are performed for the Pacific Atlantic 1 liner shipping route, served by the NYK liner shipping company. Results showcase effectiveness of the adopted solution methodology. Moreover, the proposed collaborative agreement outperforms the existing collaborative agreements, where either vessel arrival time windows or handling rates are offered to the liner shipping company at ports, in terms of the total route service cost on average by 10.9% and 6.6%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed collaborative agreement can be considered as an efficient alternative for improving the liner shipping operations.
Analytical Dynamics of a Mass–Damper–Spring Constrained System

This chapter discusses the dynamics of a mass–damper–spring system with two rigid constraints and impact interactions. Impacting chatter and stuck phenomena are investigated for the mass with constraints and the corresponding conditions for such phenomena are determined. Analytical predictions are presented for the system to give a more precise and complete demonstration of the phenomena in the system. Finally, an analytical parameter map is given to show how the system changes for varying parameters. From these conditions, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate these phenomena in the system.
Psychological Response of Mothers of Young Children to the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl Nuclear Plant Accidents One Decade Later

Over the past two decades, our research group investigated the psychological well-being of mothers of young children in the aftermath of the nuclear power plant accident at Three Mile Island (TMI) in central Pennsylvania and the melt down at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in northwest Ukraine. In spite of differences in culture and magnitude, these two catastrophic events had a number of common characteristics, making the comparison in the psychological responses to these events extremely valuable. Common features included the intangible nature of exposure to radiation, the delay in the evacuation order, incomplete disclosure by the authorities about what occurred, contradictory reports in the news media as the events unfolded, widespread rumors about adverse or bizarre effects on plants and animals, ensuing distrust of government authorities, the tendency to attribute new health problems to radiation exposure, fears about health effects on future generations, health monitoring by government agencies, and most important, lack of resolution about potential risks to the population at large.