cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrate Leaching in Overseeded Bermudagrass Fairways

Maintaining high visual quality of turfgrass requires intensive management. Nitrogen fertilizer inputs in golf-course turfgrass have raised some concerns regarding potential nitrate leaching into groundwater. This study Investigated nitrate leaching from an overseeded bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) managed as a golf course fairway (mowing height in 1.3 cm). The study was conducted from 1994 to 1997, with two soil types (sandy loam and loamy sand), two irrigation regimes, and two N fertilization programs representing the typical resort-turfgrass management practices in the semiarid southern California. Leachate was collected and its volume was measured from lysimeter assemblies each consisting of five metal cylinders. Results showed that the nitrate concentration and mass of the leachate from the loamy sand was lower than that from the sandy loam soil. The difference was attributed to N immobilization and clipping removal. The volume of leachate was greater in the loamy sand than in the sandy loam due to the higher water holding capacity of the latter. Average nitrate concentration of the leachate was lower than that of the irrigation water in five out of the six seasons, implying that if turfgrass is properly managed, it may provide an opportunity to mitigate nitrate loading to surface and ground waters, even when N application rate is high.
A population pharmacokinetic screen to identify demographic-clinical covariates of basiliximab in liver transplantation

Background Basiliximab is a high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) chimeric monoclonal antibody used for immunoprophylaxis in organ transplantation. It was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial in de novo liver allograft recipients who received 40 mg of basiliximab (20 mg on days 0 and 4) in addition to baseline immunosuppression with cyclosporine (INN, ciclosporin) microemulsion and corticosteroids. Methods Serial blood samples (8.3 ± 1.4 per patient) were collected during 12 weeks after transplantation from 184 basiliximab-treated patients, and empirical Bayes estimates of each patient's disposition parameters were derived. Demographic-clinical covariates were explored with regression methods. Results Basiliximab clearance was 55 ± 26 mL/h, the distribution volume was 9.7 ± 4.2 L, and the half-life was 8.7 ± 6.7 days. Patient weight, age, sex, ethnicity, history of alcoholism, hepatitis C seropositivity, and notable postoperative bleeding had no clinically relevant influences on basiliximab disposition; however, the cumulative volume of drained ascites fluid in the first week was positively correlated with clearance. Receptor-saturating basiliximab concentrations (≥0.1 μg/mL) were maintained for 38 ± 16 days, and this was negatively correlated with the cumulative volume of drained ascites fluid in week 1. Patients who experienced an acute rejection episode did not clear basiliximab at a faster rate than their rejection-free peers nor did they maintain CD25-saturating concentrations for a shorter period. Conclusions Although the standard dose regimen of 20 mg of basiliximab on days 0 and 4 after transplantation appears to be appropriate for the majority of patients with liver transplants, a supplemental dose at the end of the first week may be considered for those with substantial (>10 L) postoperative ascites fluid drainage. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 201–209; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.114887
Effects of residual stress and frictional sliding on cracking and pull-out in brittle matrix composites

Abstract The crack growth resistance and matrix cracking stress for high toughness brittle matrix composites depends on interface debonding, as well as the residual stress, the elastic properties, the friction coefficient along the debond and the fiber strength. A comprehensive analysis is presented of the interrelationships between these variables for uniaxially reinforced systems when the interface is subject to residual compression .
A Local View of Bonding and Diffusion at Metal Surfaces

First-principles density functional calculations and corresponding experimental results underline the importance of basic chemical concepts, such as coordination, valence saturation and promotion-hybridization energetics, in understanding bonding and diffusion of atoms at and on metal surfaces. Several examples are reviewed, including outer-layer relaxations of clean hcp(0001) surfaces, liquid-metal-embrittlement energetics, separation energies of metal-adatom dimers, concerted substitutional self-diffusion on fcc(001) surfaces, and adsorption and diffusion barrier sites for adatoms near steps.
Effects of inter-electron correlation before ionization

Using a classical ensemble method, we predict that electron-electron correlation before first ionization leads to measurable effects in both nonsequential and sequential double ionization regimes. Laser field ellipticity is key to observe these effects.
Stochastic Mechanics & Classical Mechanics with Finite Differences

Stochastic mechanics develops a formulation of quantum physics by assuming that a classical particle is also subjected to Brownian-like motion. Because this presumes that a particle's path is non-differentiable, making this transformation often involves implicitly replacing time-derivatives in classical mechanics by finite differences. In this paper, we will develop a stochastic mechanics by explicitly replacing time-derivatives in classical mechanics by finite differences, deriving the resulting dynamics and then introducing stochasticity. Like Nelson's original version of stochastic mechanics, our stochastic mechanics is also consistent with the Schrodinger Equation.
Cyclic AMP- and Ca2(+)-dependent protein kinases in Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract The cyclic AMP- and Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase activities of Plasmodium falciparum were partially characterized after purification of parasites from host erythrocytes by N 2 cavitation and Percoll gradient centrifugation. Proteins of molecular weights 80, 54, 51, and 31.5 kDa were phosphorylated in a cAMP-dependent manner in cytosolic extracts of isolated P. falciparum . Cytosolic extracts also contained cAMP-dependent histone II-A kinase activity with an average V max of 131.1 pmol/ 32 P/min/mg protein and a K m for cAMP of 85 n M . Upon photoaffinity labeling with [ 32 P]-8-N 3 3-cAMP, a 53-kDa protein was specifically labeled in parasite cytosol. A metabolically labeled protein of the same molecular weight was identified by cAMP—agarose affinity chromatography. The 53-kDa protein cochromatographed with cAMP-dependent histone II-A kinase activity on DEAE-cellulose, suggesting that it is the regulatory subunit of the kinase. Ca 2+ -dependent phosphorylation of proteins of molecular weights 195, 158, 51, 47.5, and 15 kDa was demonstrated in a membrane fraction from parasites free of the erythrocyte membrane. This activity was not stimulated by either calmodulin or phospholipid plus diacylglycerol and was absent from the membranes of uninfected erythrocytes. Of several exogenous substrates tested, none were found to be a substrate for this Ca 2+ -dependent kinase. Both cAMP- and Ca 2+ -dependent kinases phosphorylated serine and threonine residues.
Immunobiology of epithelial chemokines in the intestinal mucosa

SURGERY 601 THE CELLS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL epithelium comprise a dynamic physical barrier between the external luminal environment and the body’s interior. This barrier, which is a central, innate immune mechanism, prevents or limits the entry of foodborne and water-borne antigens and microbes. The cells that comprise the mucosal barrier are a selfrenewing system undergoing continuous renewal from pluripotent stem cells located near the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn. Daughters of these stem cells undergo terminal differentiation into 1 of 4 cell lineages as they migrate toward the crypt surface (enterocytes, Goblet cells, or enteroendocrine cells) or to the crypt base (Paneth cells). Enterocytes are responsible for absorption of nutrients and secretion of electrolytes and represent central components of the mucosal immune system. In addition to a static barrier modulating absorptive and secretory functions, epithelial cells participate actively as a dynamic, front-line defense response to external stimuli, playing an integral role in innate and adaptive mucosal immunity. Host defense mechanisms include secretion of electrolytes to flush noxious stimuli from the bowel lumen, modulation of epithelial growth, apoptosis, and differentiation as repair mechanisms to maintain barrier integrity, and the regulated production of chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and antimicrobial molecules essential to mucosal inflammation. A role for the gastrointestinal epithelium in the regulation of mucosal immune responses is not new, as it has been long known that the enterocyte plays a critical role in the mucosal-to-luminal trafficking of immunoglobulin A. Subsequent studies suggest that enterocytes play an active role in mucosal immune responses through expression of major histocompatibility complex and major histocompatibility complex like molecules and constitutive and regulated cytokine and chemokine production.
The mechanism of mitochondrial swelling. VIII. Permeability of mitochondria to alkali metal acetates

The capacity of beef heart mitochondria to undergo osmotically induced volume changes in decimolar M+-acetate or other weak acid anion media is characterized by the following features: (1) mitochondria resist swelling when suspended in potassium or rubidium acetate media in the presence of respiratory inhibitors; (2) mitochondria swell extensively when suspended in ammonium or sodium acetate media in the presence of respiratory inhibitors; and (3) actively respiring mitochondria swell extensively whether suspended in ammonium, sodium, potassium, or rubidium acetate media. These findings have been interpreted to mean that (1) the nonenergized mitochondrial inner membrane is permeable to acetate anions, (2) the nonenergized mitochondrial inner membrane is permeable to ammonium and sodium ions in the presence of acetate or other weak acid anions, (3) the nonenergized mitochondrial inner membrane is relatively impermeable to potassium and rubidium ions in the presence of acetate or other weak acid anions, and (4) energized mitochondria are considerably more permeable to potassium and rubidium (acetate) ions than are non-energized mitochondria. The experiments described in this communication which provide the evidence for these interpretations involve methods which are independent of volume changes. The results confirm the first three of the above interpretations but are inconsistent with the fourth. A general theory for passive ion movements in mitochondria is presented and the results are discussed in terms of the development of an energy dependent ion gradient as the key to energized swelling in potassium or rubidium acetate.
Analysis of artificial dissipation models for the transonic full-potential equation

Analyse des concepts de densite ou de viscosite artificielles et de flux massique artificiel dans les algorithmes iteratifs utilises pour la resolution numerique de l'equation de potentiel transsonique. Comparaison avec l'equation d'ecoulement potentiel physiquement dissipatif exacte
The Prediction of Behavior Response Patterns to Music

(1957). The Prediction of Behavior Response Patterns to Music. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 111-127.
Diabetes-specific family conflict and psychological distress in paediatric Type 1 diabetes.

Aims Diabetes-specific family conflict is associated with suboptimal adherence and glycaemic control. Little is known about the individual and family factors associated with diabetes-specific family conflict. The purpose of this study was to examine whether background factors (e.g. age, gender), diabetes variables (e.g. duration of diabetes, adherence, glycaemic control) and psychological distress (i.e. depression and anxiety) in parents and children and adolescents were associated with diabetes-specific family conflict.
Enzyme levels in the growing and regressing Flexner-Jobling carcinoma.

Flexner-Jobling-Karzinome, die spontan regressieren, weisen eine zwei- bis vierfache Steigerung ihrer katheptischen Aktivitat auf. Dabei ist die saure Phosphatase nicht veranderlich; die alkalische Phosphatase hingegen sinkt in regressierenden Tumoren auf einen Bruchteil ihrer ursprunglichen Aktivitat.
Auditory stream segregation using bandpass noises: Evidence from event-related potentials

The current study measured neural responses to investigate auditory stream segregation of noise stimuli with or without clear spectral contrast. Sequences of alternating A and B noise bursts were presented to elicit stream segregation in normal-hearing listeners. The successive B bursts in each sequence maintained an equal amount of temporal separation with manipulations introduced on the last stimulus. The last B burst was either delayed for 50% of the sequences or not delayed for the other 50%. The A bursts were jittered in between every two adjacent B bursts. To study the effects of spectral separation on streaming, the A and B bursts were further manipulated by using either bandpass-filtered noises widely spaced in center frequency or broadband noises. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to the last B bursts were analyzed to compare the neural responses to the delay vs. no-delay trials in both passive and attentive listening conditions. In the passive listening condition, a trend for a possible late mismatch negativity (MMN) or late discriminative negativity (LDN) response was observed only when the A and B bursts were spectrally separate, suggesting that spectral separation in the A and B burst sequences could be conducive to stream segregation at the pre-attentive level. In the attentive condition, a P300 response was consistently elicited regardless of whether there was spectral separation between the A and B bursts, indicating the facilitative role of voluntary attention in stream segregation. The results suggest that reliable ERP measures can be used as indirect indicators for auditory stream segregation in conditions of weak spectral contrast. These findings have important implications for cochlear implant (CI) studies – as spectral information available through a CI device or simulation is substantially degraded, it may require more attention to achieve stream segregation.
Stochastic modeling of processor scheduling with application to data base management systems

This paper is concerned with the stochastic modeling of processor scheduling and of queuing due to contention for resources in data base management systems. The processing services rendered in searching the data base and retrieving and processing information are modeled explicitly, as is the algorithm used to schedule these services on the processor. The scheduling of the processor is based on a total priority ordering of a set of queues for processing service. A queuing model incorporating the processor scheduling algorithm for IMS (Information Management System) is formulated in order to illustrate the modeling ideas. The model is analyzed under rather general distributional assumptions, based on the observation that certain stochastic processes in the model are cumulative processes defined over the same embedded semi-Markov process. The model is not used in a performance study of IMS, nor is it proposed that the model developed here is one upon which a performance study of IMS should be undertaken. The model should be viewed as illustrative of stochastic models which can be constructed to incorporate algorithms for processor scheduling.
The Kinetics of Oxytetracycline Degradation in Deionized Water under Varying Temperature, pH, Light, Substrate, and Organic Matter

Abstract The kinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation in deionized water was studied under the influence of various environmental factors. The experiment was conducted with a solution of 10 μg aqueous OTC /mL in 600-mL glass beakers under controlled laboratory conditions. The aqueous concentration of OTC was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Low temperatures (4°C) favored high drug stability, and high temperatures (43°C) speeded OTC degradation, resulting in a very short half-life of 0.26 ± 0.11 d. Light exposure caused photodecomposition, reflecting degradation rates threefold higher than those under dark conditions. Acidic conditions (pH 3.0) favored drug stability (half-life = 46.36 ± 4.92 d), and alkaline conditions (pH 10.0) increased the degradation rate (half-life = 9.08 ± 4.22 d). The presence of a substrate (bentonite clay) resulted in an approximate 17% decrease in OTC concentration within 5 min of contact. Addition of organic matter (fish feed) along with the substrate ...
Success Without Honor: Cultures of Silence and the Penn State Scandal

On November 5, 2011, Jerry Sandusky, a former defensive coordinator for football at Penn State University, was arrested on charges of abusing 8 boys over a 15-year period. In this paper, I strategically deploy feminist methodological considerations to “give voice” to marginalized groups, Foucault’s concept of discourse and discursive silences, and media framing analysis to interrogate silence as a means by which various forms of power and privilege operate in the scandal. I extend the discussion of silence to engage the critical sport studies’ critique of the “institutional center of sport” and examine what was left outside of the frame in the mainstream news media coverage. These silences within media frames rendered invisible an important critique of the contemporary culture of big time athletic programs. In this way, silence operated to simultaneously reaffirm the institutional power of big time athletic programs and the culture of sport wherein violence is normalized.
Bioorthogonal proteomics of 15-hexadecynyloxyacetic acid chemical reporter reveals preferential targeting of fatty acid modified proteins and biosynthetic enzymes

Chemical reporters are powerful tools for the detection and discovery of protein modifications following cellular labeling. The metabolism of alkyne- or azide-functionalized chemical reporters in cells can influence the efficiency and specificity of protein targeting. To evaluate the effect of degradation of chemical reporters of protein fatty acylation, we synthesized 15-hexadecynyloxyacetic acid (HDYOA), a reporter that was designed to be resistant to β-oxidation, and compared its ability to label palmitoylated proteins with an established reporter, 17-octadecynoic acid (ODYA). HDYOA was able to label known candidate S-palmitoylated proteins similarly to ODYA. Accordingly, bioorthogonal proteomic analysis demonstrated that 70% of proteins labeled with ODYA were also labeled with HDYOA. However, the proteins observed differentially in our proteomic studies suggested that a portion of ODYA protein labeling is a result of β-oxidation. In contrast, downstream enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids were not targeted by HDYOA. Since HDYOA can label S-palmitoylated proteins and is not utilized by downstream β-oxidation pathways, this fatty acid chemical reporter may be particularly useful for bioorthogonal proteomic studies in cell types metabolically skewed toward fatty acid breakdown.
Recurrent enterococcal endophthalmitis seeded by an intraocular lens biofilm.

A case of endophthalmitis following uneventful phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in a 77-year-old diabetic man was culture-positive for Enterococcus faecalis . After successful treatment with intravitreal, topical, and systemic antibiotic agents, the infection seemed to clear and the patient achieved a corrected visual acuity of 20/25. Four months after the initial presentation, the patient again developed signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis, with regrowth of E faecalis . The antibiotic therapy was repeated. One month later, the IOL was removed surgically and found to harbor a biofilm of the strain demonstrated by DNA analysis. The microbiologic and DNA analyses support that a biofilm on an IOL could be a vector for a cause of recurrent endophthalmitis. Intraocular lens exchange in cases of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by E faecalis may be considered to decrease the risk for recurrent infection. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Electron beam fabrication of micron transistors

For high-speed performance as well as high packing density, it is desirable to make the components in integrated circuits as small as possible. One of the fundamental problems in making smaller components is that of limitations in the optical technology. This paper describes an experimental process and the results obtained by using an electron-optical system to fabricate small transistors. Planar bipolar transistors with emitter and base contact windows one micron wide have been fabricated, with the electron beam exposure system used to open all the diffusion windows as well as to expose the metallization patterns. Conventional etching techniques are unable to provide 1-µm wide metal paths in half-to one-micron thick metal layers; therefore the lift-off process is used. The dc and ac characteristics presented compare favorably, for the first time using this fabrication process, with the best bipolar transistors produced by optical masking processes. These characteristics provide a guide for refinement in future micron transistor design.
Cones that are cells, and an application to hyperspaces☆

Abstract Let Y be a compact metric space that is not an ( n −1)-sphere. If the cone over Y is an n-cell, then Y ×[0,1] is an n-cell; if n ≤4, then Y is an ( n −1)-cell. Examples are given to show that the converse of the first part is false (for n ≥5) and that the second part does not extend beyond n =4. An application concerning when hyperspaces of simple n-ods are cones over unique compacta is given, which answers a question of Charatonik.
A COST BASED SYSTEM FOR CONCURRENT PART AND PROCESS DESIGN

ABSTRACT This paper presents a Real Tune Computer Aided Process Planning (RTCAPP) system which can serve as a support tool for economic decision making during design activities. The system is capable of providing the information about manufacturing implication of each added design feature to the designer during the design process of prismatic parts. A knowledge-based system using a bierarchical planning scheme and a multi-bank rule base is developed to generate near-optimal process plans in real time. The planning process is supported by an optimization module which uses dynamic programming to minimize manufacturing costs. The incremental planning mechanism utilizes as much of the existing plan information as is necessary to generate a new process plan, whenever the design is updated. The system serves as an effective concurrent engineering tool that can be used to provide real time feedback on the manufacturing cost consequences to the designer
Stochastic Modeling of the Relationship between Copy Number and Gene Expression Based on Transcriptional Logic

DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) can cause genetic diseases, and studies have revealed a relationship between CNAs and gene expression; however, the manner in which CNAs relate to gene expression and what regulatory mechanisms underlying the relationship remain unclear. In many instances, real data have revealed a nonlinear relationship between copy number and gene expression. In this paper, queueing theory is used to model this relationship, with the basic structural parameters involving transcription factor (TF) arrival and departure rates. A key finding is that the ratio of TF arrival rate to TF departure rate is critical: small and large ratios corresponding to nonlinear and linear relationships, respectively. Indeed, copy number amplifications do not necessarily lead to expression increases: when one of the regulatory TFs exists in a small amount, copy number gains can cause a down regulation. Using the concept of mutual information, we show that the TF with minimum activation probability can have maximum dependence in regulation: a TF in small amount could result in a nonlinear copy-number-gene-expression relationship and play a major role in regulation. The expectation-maximization algorithm is used to estimate the ratio of TF arrival rate to TF departure rate. The theoretical results are illustrated via simulations.
The relation between Glasgow Coma Scale score and later cerebral atrophy in paediatric traumatic brain injury

Primary objective: To examine initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and its relationship with later cerebral atrophy in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (QMRI) at 4 months post-injury. It was hypothesized that a lower GCS score would predict later generalized atrophy. As a guide in assessing paediatric TBI patients, the probability of developing chronic cerebral atrophy was determined based on the initial GCS score.Methods and procedures: The probability model used data from 45 paediatric patients (mean age = 13.6) with mild-to-severe TBI and 41 paediatric (mean age = 12.4) orthopaedically-injured children.Results: This study found a 24% increase in the odds of developing an abnormal ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) and a 27% increase in the odds of developing reduced white matter percentage on neuroimaging with each numerical drop in GCS score. Logistic regression models with cut-offs determined by normative QMRI data confirmed that a lower initial G...
Magnetorheological Fluid Flow in Microchannels

This study presents experimental results on the flow of magnetorheological grease (MRG) through microchannels. MR materials flowing through microchannels create microvalves. The flow is controlled by injecting the MRG through microchannels with controlled adjustable rates. To study the effect of different channel diameters and surface roughnesses, microchannels made of stainless steel, PEEK, and fused silica materials with nominal internal diameters ranging from 1 mm to 0.075 mm (75 μm) are tested. A magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the microchannel flow and is controlled by an input electric current. The pressure drop of the flow is measured across the length of the microchannels. The dynamic pressure drop range and surface roughness effects are also discussed. The Herschel-Bulkley model for non-Newtonian fluid flow is employed to the experimental results with good agreement. The results show a significant pressure drop for different magnetic field strengths.
Galvano-thermomagnetic effects in semiconductors and semimetals—IV. mercury selenide

Abstract Using the special function for the dependence of energy on wave number vector calculated by KANE(17) for InSb, six basic galvano-thermomagnetic transport coefficients (GTMTC) were derived in terms of specific transport integrals in a prior paper. In this paper, the transport integrals are evaluated numerically for parameters appropriate to HgSe at room temperature and various theoretical predictions are confronted with experimental data obtained on HgSe. Since only a small number of theoretical parameters are involved and because a large number of effects are experimentally determined, the usual flexibility of adjusting parameters until theory and experiment are in accord is absent here. Nevertheless, the agreement between experiment and theory was exceedingly good. These results confirm the nonparabolic shape of the conduction band of HgSe and furthermore show that the dominant scattering mechanism for electrons in HgSe is polar scattering due to optical phonons.
Are higher levels of returns less predictable? The case of US and UK

Looks at the stock returns of the two major stock markets in the USA, and the UK and concludes that there is evidence of strong predictability and volatility within the indexes caused by similar sources. Suggests that this has implications for the global pricing of securities and the regulatory policies of the markets.
Ab Initio Calculations of the Transition State Energy and Position for the Reaction H + C2H5R → HH + C2H4R, with R = H, CH3, NH2, CN, CF3, C5H6: Comparison to Marcus' Theory, Miller's Theory, and Bockris' Model

Some years ago, Murdoch proposed that one can use the Marcus equation to predict the position of the transition state for chemical reactions. A slightly different equation was proposed by Miller. In this paper, ab initio calculations are used to test Murdoch's and Miller's proposal for a series of hydrogen abstraction reactions: H + CH3CH2R → H2 + CH2CH2R, with R = H, CH3, CN, CF3, C5H5. We find that in all cases the reactions have late or very late transition states. If we define χ as a dimensionless reaction coordinate which goes from 0 at the reactants to 1 at the products, we find that the χ of the transition state varies from 0.63 to 0.86, for the cases here. In contrast, the Marcus equation and Miller's equation give quantitatively incorrect results, i.e., early to middle transition states (χ = 0.44−0.51). There does not appear to be any correlation between the positions of the transition state estimated from the ab initio calculations and those predicted by the Marcus equation or Miller's equation...
Probing the Interactions of O2 with Small Gold Cluster Anions (Aun-, n = 1-7): Chemisorption vs Physisorption

Activation of O2 is the most critical step in catalytic oxidation reactions involving gold and remains poorly understood. Here we report a systematic investigation of the interactions between O2 and small gold cluster anions Aun− (n = 1−7) using photoelectron spectroscopy. Higher resolution photoelectron spectra are obtained for the molecularly chemisorbed even-sized AunO2− (n = 2, 4, 6) complexes. Well-resolved vibrational structures due to O−O stretching are observed and can be readily distinguished from the Au-derived PES bands. The adiabatic detachment energies and O−O vibrational frequencies are measured to be 3.03 ± 0.04, 3.53 ± 0.05, and 3.17 ± 0.05 eV, and 1360 ± 80, 1360 ± 80, and 1330 ± 80 cm−1 for n = 2, 4, 6, respectively. Physisorbed Aun−(O2) complexes for n = 1, 3, 5, 7 are observed for the first time, providing direct evidence for the inertness of the closed-shell odd-sized Aun− clusters toward O2. Neutral even-sized Aun clusters are closed-shell and are expected to be inert toward O2, whic...
Sorting Data Sets and Computing Medians for Skewed Distributions

Clusters derived from data sets require meaningful interpretation, for which standard statistical packages, major spreadsheets, numerical computation texts, as well as the specialized Journal of Classification provide little help. Interpretation can be made from a profile of summary scores, means, or medians, representing distributions of scores. For such a profile, medians are preferable to means where the distributions are highly skewed. To automate computation of medians in either ordered or unordered sets of scores, a program, SHELMEDS.BAS, was written incorporating the very fast Shell-Metzner sort algorithm and routines for odd or even numbers of scores.
Industrial product life cycle analysis

Market, product, and organizational dynamics can be explained, in both quantitative and qualitative terms by a product life cycle graph. This analysis can provide an historical synopsis of important strategic decisions, including those of the competition. It can show how external factors lead to the success or failure of a specific strategy. And it can be used as a benchmark in determining future marketing actions and in monitoring success. Life cycle analysis gives an industrial company a very important record of marketing and strategy achievements—and a very potent competitive weapon as well.
Production of Sumoylated Proteins Using a Baculovirus Expression System

Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells were found to possess an active endogenous sumoylation system. However, the endogenous sumoylation machinery did not efficiently modify exogenous proteins expressed by infection with recombinant baculoviruses. To overcome this limitation, mammalian sumoylation components were introduced by co-infection with recombinant baculoviruses expressing individual protein components of the sumoylation pathway. Expression of mammalian Ubc9 plus SUMO (either SUMO1 or SUMO3) was necessary and sufficient for active sumoylation of co-infected test proteins. This system provides a simple and convenient means to produce sumoylated mammalian proteins in a eukaryotic environment. Large-scale cultures should provide quantities of sumoylated proteins sufficient for potential purification.
Orientational motion and the elastic anomaly of sodium azide

Abstract A microscopic model is developed to discuss the nature of the α-β structural transformation in sodium azide. The model is a mean field treatment of the coupling of the orientational motion of the azide ions to the lattice strains. The apparent second order nature of the transition is examined. Predictions regarding the temperature dependence of the elastic constants c44 and 1 2 (c11–c12) are made. Sodium azide differs from other molecular crystals with elastic anomalies such as KCN in that the associated change in orientational ordering seems to be quite small.
New Barium and Cesium Isotopes: 12.0d Ba 131 , 10.2d Cs 131 , and Long-Lived Ba 133

A new Ba-Cs chain of probable mass assignment of 131 has been formed by neutron activation of barium. The ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{131}$ isotope decays predominately by orbital electron capture with a half-life of 12.0 days, emitting gamma-radiations of about 0.26 Mev, 0.5 Mev, and roughly 1.2 Mev (the latter in low intensity). Detected also were 31-kev x-rays and 0.42-Mev and 0.24-Mev conversion electrons. The ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{131}$ decays exclusively by $K$-electron capture with a half-life of 10.2 days, emitting no detected gamma-rays. The ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{133}$ has a minimum half-life of 20 years and is very probably the lower state to which the 37.8 hour ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{133}$ decays. The former decays by $K$-capture and emits 31-kev x-rays, 0.36-Mev gamma-rays, 0.34-Mev conversion electrons, and possibly 4.3-kev x-rays.
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm With Leukemic Progression

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDN), previously described as blastic NK cell lymphoma and CD4 +/ CD56 + hematodermic neoplasm is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis. We report a patient with BPDN who developed multiple recurrences and eventually leukemic progression. The patient died of disease 31 months after initial diagnosis. Long term survival for BPDN is poor despite multiple regimens of chemotherapy and bone marrow stem cell transplant. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc829w
Definition and management of ruxolitinib treatment failure in myelofibrosis

Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK)-1 and JAK-2 inhibitor, is the first-in-class drug to be licensed in the United States for the treatment of high- and intermediate-risk myelofibrosis (MF). Several other JAK inhibitors are in development with some currently undergoing phase-3 clinical trial testing. None of the currently available JAK inhibitors are specific to mutant JAK2; their mechanism of action involves attenuation of JAK-STAT signaling with downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, rather than selective suppression of the disease clone. Accordingly, while ruxolitinib and other JAK inhibitors are effective in controlling splenomegaly and alleviating constitutional symptoms, their benefit in terms of reversing bone marrow fibrosis or inducing complete or partial remissions appears to be limited. The experience to date with ruxolitinib shows that despite its salutary effects on quality of life, over half of the patients discontinue treatment within 2–3 years. In the current perspective, we examine the incidence and causes of ruxolitinib ‘treatment failure' in MF patients based on our personal experience as well as a review of the published literature. We also discuss the challenges in defining and classifying ruxolitinib failure, and within the context of several clinical scenarios, we provide recommendations for the post-ruxolitinib management of MF patients.
Aluminum Toxicity to Fish in Acidic Waters

An important consequence of acidification is the mobilization of Al from the edaphic to the aquatic environment. Elevated Al levels in acidic waters may be toxic to fish. Eggs, larvae, and postlarvae of white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed in laboratory bioassays to pH levels 4.2 to 5.6 and inorganic Al concentrations of 0 to 0.5 mg l−1. Aluminum toxicity varied with both pH and life history stage. At low pH levels (4.2 to 4.8), the presence of Al (up 0.2 mg l−1 for white suckers; 0.5 mg l−1 for brook trout) was beneficial to egg survival through the eyed stage. In contrast, Al concentrations of 0.1 mg l−1 (for white suckers) or 0.2 mg l−1 (for brook trout) and greater resulted in measurable reductions in survival and growth of larvae and postlarvae at all pH levels (4.2 to 5.6). Aluminum was most toxic in over-saturated solutions at pH levels 5.2 to 5.4. The simultaneous increase in Al concentration with elevated acidity must be considered to accurately assess the potential effect of acidification of surface waters on survival of fish populations.
Renomedullary Phospholipases in Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Resistant Dahl Rats

ABSTRACT Renomedullary prostaglandin synthesis is lower in salt-sensitive (S) Dahl rats than in age-matched salt-resistant (R) rats on either 0.6% or 8.0% NaCl. The possible role of substrate availability to the cyclooxygenase in determining these differences was examined. S and R rats were started on diets with variable salt content (0.6%, 4.0% or 8.0% NaCl) at five weeks and were sacrified at either 11 or 16 weeks of age for comparisons of renomedullary phospholipase A 1 and A 2 activities (EC 3.1.1.4. and 3.1.1.32) and arachldonate incorporation into the lipids of renal medulla. Both phospholipase activities were higher in R rats at the two ages examined and for all levels of salt intake. These differences could not be accounted for by variable amounts of endogenous phospholipid substrate. High salt intake did not influence the in vitro A 2 deacylating activities per mg protein. Arachidonate incorporation into renomedullary triglycerides remained constant with age in both strains while phospholipid labeling declined with age in S rats only so that, at 16 weeks of age, S rats had significantly lower incorporation into membrane phospholipids. This age-related decline in phospholipid labeling in S rats was prevented by 4.0% NaCl. These results suggest that low renomedullary phospholipase activities in S rats may restrict the release of substrate for prostaglandin synthesis and may also be related to reduced rates of fatty acid Incorporation into membrane phospholipids.
Statistics of hyperspectral imaging data

Characterization of the joint (among wavebands) probability density function (PDF) of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data is crucial for several applications, including the design of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors and statistical classifiers. HSI data are vector (or equivalently multivariate) data in a vector space with dimension equal to the number of spectral bands. As a result, the scalar statistics utilized by many detection and classification algorithms depend upon the joint pdf of the data and the vector-to-scalar mapping defining the specific algorithm. For reasons of analytical tractability, the multivariate Gaussian assumption has dominated the development and evaluation of algorithms for detection and classification in HSI data, although it is widely recognized that it does not always provide an accurate model for the data. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed investigation of the joint and marginal distributional properties of HSI data. To this end, we assess how well the multivariate Gaussian pdf describes HSI data using univariate techniques for evaluating marginal normality, and techniques that use unidimensional views (projections) of multivariate data. We show that the class of elliptically contoured distributions, which includes the multivariate normal distribution as a special case, provides a better characterization of the data. Finally, it is demonstrated that the class of univariate stable random variables provides a better model for the heavy-tailed output distribution of the well known matched filter target detection algorithm.
Seasonal dynamics of soil micronutrients in compost-amended bermudagrass turf

Abstract Compost application to turfgrasses can increase plant-available nutrient concentrations in soil and improve growth, but may alter micronutrient dynamics and increase leaching and runoff losses. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of compost on the seasonal dynamics of plant-available Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in soil after a single application to bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf. Extractable Mn increased from 270 to 670 mg kg −1 and Cu from 0.36 to 9.89 mg kg −1 from 0 to 29 months. In contrast, extractable Fe and Zn decreased by 52% and 57% during the same time period. Seasonal trends in extractable Mn and Cu were closely related to dissolved organic C (DOC), and appeared influenced by bermudagrass growth and dormancy patterns and subsequent impacts on DOC. Losses of Mn and Cu from the soil surface occurred after high levels of precipitation during winter dormancy but not during the growing season, while Fe and Zn exhibited an opposite pattern. Thus, seasonal variation of soil micronutrients was likely related to seasonal patterns of bermudagrass growth and dormancy and their effects on DOC, and precipitation events which probably leached DOC and complexed nutrients from surface soil. Composts only influenced the magnitude of changes in micronutrient concentrations, as similar seasonal trends occurred for both compost-amended and unamended soils.
Accelerated growth of the thyroid in normal and "hypophysectomized" fetal rats given thyrotrophin.

THE observations to be presented show that the prenatal growth of the thyroid may be stimulated by introducing thyrotrophin into the fetal circulation. This effect may also be demonstrated in fetuses deprived of the hypophysis by removing that portion of the head which is above the tongue, lower jaw and foramen magnum in such manner that the thyroid and its blood vessels are spared.
Dysregulation of HIF and VEGF is a unifying feature of the familial hamartoma syndromes

The LKB1 tumor suppressor protein controls the activity of the TSC1/TSC2 tumor suppressor complex. Mutations in LKB1 cause Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), and mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 cause tuberous sclerosis complex--two syndromes characterized by the development of hamartomas. LKB1 activation by energy deprivation activates AMPK, which in turn phosphorylates and activates TSC2. TSC2 activation results in the inactivation of mTOR, a critical regulator of protein translation. How mTOR dysregulation after inactivation of LKB1 or TSC1/2 contributes to hamartoma development is not known. However, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and VEGF are regulated by mTOR and are likely to play a contributory role.
Preliminary Structural Design Considerations and Mass Efficiencies for Lunar Surface Manipulator Concepts

The mass and sizing characteristics of manipulators for Lunar and Mars planetary surface applications are investigated by analyzing three structural configurations: a simple cantilevered boom with a square tubular cross-section; a hybrid cable/boom configuration with a square tubular cross-section support structure; and a hybrid cable/boom configuration with a square truss cross-section support structure. Design procedures are developed for the three configurations and numerical examples are given. A new set of performance parameters are developed that relate the mass of manipulators and cranes to a loading parameter. These parameters enable the masses of different manipulator configurations to be compared over a wide range of design loads and reach envelopes (radii). The use of these parameters is demonstrated in the form of a structural efficiency chart using the newly considered manipulator configurations. To understand the performance of Lunar and Mars manipulators, the design procedures were exercised on the three manipulator configurations assuming graphite/epoxy materials for the tubes and trusses. It is also assumed that the actuators are electric motor, gear reduction systems. Numerical results for manipulator masses and sizes are presented for a variety of manipulator reach and payload mass capabilities. Results are presented that demonstrate the sensitivity of manipulator mass to operational radius, tip force, and actuator efficiency. The effect of the value of gravitational force on the ratio of manipulator-mass to payload-mass is also shown. Finally, results are presented to demonstrate the relative mass reduction for the use of graphite/epoxy compared to aluminum for the support structure.
Life‐world: Computer logic and values as a self‐generating system

Scientific practice, both in the broad sense and in the specific case of computer science, cannot demonstrate how the constituted logic of a given consistent system translates into an empirically constructed system without the assumption of other conditions which may also be logically constituted through modes of praxis that are already technically available. Computer science is premised on a technically laden life‐world and, indeed, on an interpretation of the entire environment as accessible to technical management. In this sense, there is a pre‐understanding that allows a given population to regard both science and computer science as “value free.” Yet, it is precisely the technologically interpreted environment that is imbedded in valuations. In this essay, we shall explicate: (a) the principles that establish scientific objectivity on the basis of the objectivity of logics; (b) how those logics are connected to the resources of the environment; (c) how the environment itself is technical and valuativ...
A plan for national security: A brief look at two Wars — The last one and the next one

A superiority of man power, raw materials, and industrial capacity, plus the protection afforded by two oceans, have been sufficient to assure to the United States a share in the victory in past overseas wars. However, Lieutenant General Ira C. Eaker warns that warfare of the future practically will eliminate both time and space factors; that, to remain on the winning side, the United States must reorganize its entire defensive structure to provide for the eventuality of sudden attack on home soil.