cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The manifesto of the North American anti‐fascist alliance, New York, august 26, 1926

(1972). The manifesto of the North American anti‐fascist alliance, New York, august 26, 1926. Labor History: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 418-426.
The effect of asymmetric vortex wake characteristics on a slender delta wing undergoing wing rock motion

An experimental investigation into the fluid mechanisms responsible for wing rock on a slender delta wing with 80 deg leading edge sweep has been conducted. Time history and flow visualization data are presented for a wide angle-of-attack range. The use of an air bearing spindle has allowed the motion of the wing to be free from bearing friction or mechanical hysteresis. A bistable static condition has been found in vortex breakdown at an angle of attack of 40 deg which causes an overshoot of the steady state rocking amplitude. Flow visualization experiments also reveal a difference in static and dynamic breakdown locations on the wing. A hysteresis loop in dynamic breakdown location similar to that seen on pitching delta wings was observed as the wing was undergoing the limit cycle oscillation.
Radiation protection in dentistry for patients, operators and office personnel.

To minimize roentgen-ray dosage in oral roentgenography, the operator must ob­ serve three cardinal rules: (1) limitation of tissue area exposed to the primary roentgen-ray beam to the minimum coverage consistent with diagnostic re­ quirements; (2) selective utilization of x-ray wavelengths, and (3) exposure to the minimum amounts of radiation neces­ sary to obtain adequate roentgenograms. Of the 13 practical recommendations for reducing radiation dosage, by far the most effective is the use of the fastest available film.
Rocket launcher mechanism of collaborative actin assembly defined by single-molecule imaging

Interacting sets of actin assembly factors work together in cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. We used triple-color single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to image the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and the formin mDia1 during filament assembly. Complexes consisting of APC, mDia1, and actin monomers initiated actin filament formation, overcoming inhibition by capping protein and profilin. Upon filament polymerization, the complexes separated, with mDia1 moving processively on growing barbed ends while APC remained at the site of nucleation. Thus, the two assembly factors directly interact to initiate filament assembly and then separate but retain independent associations with either end of the growing filament.
The non-profit sector and community-based care for the elderly in the U.S.: a disappearing resource?

Non-profit health and social service agencies have traditionally been an extremely important element of non-institutional community-based care for the elderly in the U.S. Policy shifts, commencing in 1981, increasingly concerned with medical cost containment are challenging private non-profit sector agencies delivering care to the elderly. At issue is the ability of communities to maintain a viable service sector predicated on service needs and service accessibility, as opposed to a highly discrete, medicalized, and fragmented service delivery system that is available primarily (or only) to those who can pay.
Structural Characterization of Human Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 Using NMR

Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is a 160-residue integral membrane protein with four putative transmembrane spans. PMP22 is a major protein of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin, where its importance is underscored by the fact that heritable mutations in this protein result in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMTD), the most common disorder of the PNS. Disease mutations induce misassembly of PMP22, resulting both in loss of its function and toxic accumulation of misfolded PMP22 in the cell. Here we present a structural comparison of the wild type and the L16P disease-linked mutant form of human PMP22 to obtain insight into the molecular basis of CMTD. Human PMP22 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified in the detergent tetradecylphosphocholine. The purified protein provided moderately well dispersed 1H-15N TROSY spectra. NMR resonance assignments for the wild type protein revealed that the 72 observed backbone amide peaks out of 157 expected originate exclusively from the N-terminal STREP tag, transmembrane region 1 (TM1), extracellular loop 1 (ECL1), and the extreme C-terminus. Chemical shift index analysis suggested the residues from TM1 (Met1 to Ile29) form an α-helix, while no secondary structure was predicted for ECL1 (Val30 to Pro58). The L16P mutant was analyzed in a similar manner. A significant finding for the mutant was that the resonances from Ile8 to Val17 located at the middle of TM1 were not observed due to line broadening. Moreover, chemical shift perturbations were observed for residues from Leu18 to Ile24 which are located at the C-terminal end of TM1. These observations suggest that the L16P mutation induced a global conformational change in TM1 that results in its recognition as being folding-defective by components of membrane protein folding quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum.
An exact likelihood analysis of the multinomial probit model

Abstract We develop new methods for conducting a finite sample, likelihood-based analysis of the multinomial probit model. Using a variant of the Gibbs sampler, an algorithm is developed to draw from the exact posterior of the multinomial probit model with correlated errors. This approach avoids direct evaluation of the likelihood and, thus, avoids the problems associated with calculating choice probabilities which affect both the standard likelihood and method of simulated moments approaches. Both simulated and actual consumer panel data are used to fit six-dimensional choice models. We also develop methods for analyzing random coefficient and multiperiod probit models.
A two-dimensional HLLE riemann solver and associated godunov-type difference scheme for gas dynamics☆

Abstract The approximate three-state Riemann solver HLLE is formally extended to a nine-state two-dimensional solver. The associated Godunov scheme is outlined and applied to two test problems. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Spin-resonance frequencies in spin-glasses with random anisotropies

In the case of Heisenberg spin-glasses with weak Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya anisotropic interactions, the macroscopic anisotropy energy E/sub an/ is proportional to costheta where theta is the angle by which the spins are rotated from their frozen metastable directions. Incorporating E/sub an/ into a ''hydrodynamic'' free energy the uniform spin-wave spectrum of the system is calculated as a function of the remanent magnetization M/sub r/ and an applied field H at arbitrary angles. The resulting three modes are mixed longitudinal and transverse unless Hparallel +- M/sub r/. In the latter case, the longitudinal frequency is proportional to cos(theta/sub r//2) where theta/sub r/ is the angle between M/sub r/ and the cooling field. The predicted field for resonance has a rich angular dependence and is consistent with recent electron-spin-resonance measurements on CuMn. We also discuss briefly the consequences for statics and dynamics of adding to E/sub an/ a term quadratic in costheta, a generalization necessary in order to describe hysteresis.
Creep crack growth in copper containing pre-implanted grain boundary cavities

Abstract The creep crack growth behavior of pre-damaged Cu was studied at 773 K using precracked, single-edge notched specimens under various loading conditions. The specimens were predamaged prior to creep crack growth testing using an experimental technique for implanting water vapor bubbles to produce a uniform distribution of cavities along the grain boundaries. The characteristics of creep crack growth were investigated through the correlation of crack growth rate with various loading parameters such as J, C ∗ h and C∗ . It was found that the crack growth rate of pre-damaged Cu is much higher than that of initially undamaged Cu at the same crack length and for the same loading. The results also show that the crack growth behavior of pre-damaged Cu with the given initial damage level is of the same form as that of initially undamaged Cu. At an early stage, when the damage evolution is not severe, crack growth is characterized by the continuum mechanical approach combined with the constitutive damage equations with a C∗ stress field as a remote boundary condition. As the damage level increases, the degree of crack tip stress singularity decreases and creep damage mechanisms have more influence on the crack growth. The time required to reach this stage is much shorter for the pre-damaged Cu than for the initially undamaged Cu. A load parameter map obtainable from various characteristic time calculations proved to be useful for predicting the macroscopic crack growth behavior.
The GSR of monkeys during orienting and habituation and after ablation of the amygdala, hippocampus and inferotemporal cortex ☆

Abstract In an effort to locate within the brain those systems essential for orienting and habituation, monkeys with lesions in the temporal lobe were tested for galvanic skin responses to a repeated pure tone stimulus and to a novel tone. Normal animals showed habituation of the GSR within 30 trials with distinctive reoccurrence of response to the novel tone. Animals with bilateral amygdalectomy had decreased GSR reactivity to both tones, whereas those with hippocampectomy and inferotemporal isocortex lesions had normal records. Consideration of this result in light of previous findings of a defect in behavioral habituation after amygdalectomy leads to the suggestion that the orienting reaction is involved not in the generation of reaction to novelty but, rather, in its registration in the central nervous system.
A combination multiple comparisons and subset selection procedure to identify treatments that are strictly inferior to the best

This paper considers the problem of identifying which treatments are strictly worse than the best treatment or treatments in a one-way layout, which has many important applications in screening trials for new product development. A procedure is proposed that selects a subset of the treatments containing only treatments that are known to be strictly worse than the best treatment or treatments. In addition, simultaneous confidence intervals are obtained which provide upper bounds on how inferior the treatments are compared with these best treatments. In this way, the new procedure shares the characteristics of both subset selection procedures and multiple comparison procedures. Some tables of critical points are provided for implementing the new procedure, and some examples of its use are given.
The Nearshore Benthic Invertebrate Community of Southern Lake Michigan and its Response to Beach Nourishment

The nearshore benthic environment of Lake Michigan represents a dynamic and little studied habitat. To explore the biology and response of this community to beach nourishment, Ponar samples were taken at 1.5, 3, and 6 m depths at 10 transects along the southern shore of Lake Michigan before and after beach nourishment. Forty taxa were identified, and two of these, Chaetogaster diastrophus and Nematoda, made up over 81% of all organisms collected. Shallow sites (≤ 3 m) were generally dominated by C. diastrophus and Nematoda, and these sites represent communities adapted to constant wave induced sediment disturbance. Deep (6 m) sites were generally dominated by Nematoda, but fair numbers of C. diastrophus, Amphichaeta leydigi, Paracladopelma spp., and other less abundant taxa were identified. Greater diversity at deeper sites may be related to the stability resulting from reduced wave disturbance. A notable decrease in mean invertebrate density (P < 0.01) from 2001 to 2002 downdrift from the site of beach nourishment suggests that sand placement affected invertebrate populations, although a more thorough understanding of this community's response to environmental variables is required to further support this conclusion.
Fermi-level effects on the electronic structure and magnetic couplings in (Ga,Mn)N

Electronic structure of Mn ions and the magnetic $\mathrm{Mn}\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}\mathrm{Mn}$ coupling in (Ga,Mn)N are investigated within density functional theory. The properties of (Ga,Mn)N are found to critically depend on the position of the Fermi level, which alters the charge state of Mn ions and induces substantial lattice relaxation. The exchange splittings of Mn $d$ levels decrease threefold with the decreasing Fermi level, with the magnetic couplings being similarly affected. The results are in excellent agreement with experiment for low Mn concentration and highlight the role of inhomogeneities at the high concentration limit.
Schizophrenia, cultural marginalization, and dissociation of the body: An application of Ernest Becker’s work to psychotherapy

Ernest Becker highlights the experience-limiting function of culture. Without such restriction, life, in all of its mystery and terror, is just too much for the self-conscious animal to bear. Culture has developed as a result of a need to minimize the force of life and anxiety associated with the inevitability of death. Successfully socialized individuals can envelop themselves in a death-denying and life-directing and limiting symbolic order. The set of symptoms we think of as schizophrenia are, on the one hand, associated with an inability to link up with the experience-managing, death-anxiety buffering, cultural order, and on the other, with the tendency to remain split off from the body. Individuals with the diagnosis of schizophrenia often do not rely on repression to manage their experience, but instead on the insufficient defense of dissociation. The paradoxical result of the dissociative defense is an overwhelming and terrifying experience. Successful psychotherapy involves helping the fearful, tr...
Strong asymptotics in Lagrange interpolation with equidistant nodes

In this paper we prove three conjectures of Revers on Lagrange interpolation for fλ(t)= |t|λ, λ > 0, at equidistant nodes. In particular, we describe the rate of divergence of the Lagrange interpolants LN(fλ, t) for 0<|t| < 1, and discuss their convergence at t=0. We also establish an asymptotic relation for max|t|≤1||t|λ -LN(fλ, t)|. The proofs are based on strong asymptotics for |t|λ -- LN(fλ, t), 0 ≤ |t| < 1.
PRESSED TENDERLOIN STEAK QUALITY AS INFLUENCED BY ANATOMICAL LOCATION, STORAGE TIME AND INTERNAL TEMPERATURE PRIOR TO COOKING

The effects of steak location, storage time and precooking internal temperature upon steak quality were evaluated. Steaks from the anterior ends of the tenderloins were darker in color and displayed greater surface moisture than steaks from the posterior ends. Fresh-processed tenderloin steaks displayed more surface moisture than steaks from tenderloins stored 6 or 12 months. Warner-Bratzler shear values increased with storage. Steaks which were broiled starting at 1°C had less total thaw and cooking loss than steaks broiled frozen (-10°C) or thawed (24°C), but greater muscle separation occurred in thawed steaks. Palatability was not adversely affected by steak location, storage time or steak temperature prior to cooking.
In vitro inhibition of lipase activity by malonaldehyde, formaldehyde and propionaldehyde.

The in vitro inhibition of bovine pancreatic lipase by malonaldehyde, formaldehyde and propionaldehyde was investigated. Malonaldehyde, as sodium 3-oxy-prop-2-enal (MA-Na), was found to be the most inhibitory at pH values below 7. Its reaction with lipase appeared to be two part: the first was rapid and a function of the MA-Na concentration; the second part was slower and related linearly to the MA-Na concentration. Methanol-free formaldehyde was a much less effective inhibitor. Low concentrations (0.01 M) had little effect on lipse activity. Propionaldehyde produced the least inhibition. A break point in the reaction of propionaldehyde with lipase occurred with time. After the break point, the inhibition nearly parallelled that seen in the control.
Comparison of cobalt-based nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for water oxidation.

The controlled synthesis of e-Co, CoO, and Co3O4 nanoparticles with the same stabilizers and with nearly identical particle size and shape allows comparisons of the inherent catalytic properties of these materials in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The nanoparticle electrodes exhibit relatively low overpotentials and very similar catalytic activities under basic conditions. The latter observation indicates that all three catalysts operate with similar catalytic mechanisms.
Production of human glucocerebrosidase in mice after retroviral gene transfer into multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells

Abstract The human glucocerebrosidase (GC) gene has been transferred efficiently into spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S) multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells, and production of human GC RNA and protein has been achieved in transduced CFU-S colonies. High-titer retroviral vectors containing the human GC cDNA were constructed. Mouse bone marrow cells were stimulated with hematopoietic growth factors, infected by coculture with producer cells, and injected into lethally irradiated animals. Four vectors were compared with respect to gene-transfer efficiency into CFU-S progenitors. One vector (G vector) required high concentrations of interleukins 3 and 6 during stimulation and coculture for efficient transduction of CFU-S progenitors. The remaining three vectors (NTG, GTN, and GI vectors) transduced these progenitors at infection frequencies approaching 100% using low concentrations of hematopoietic growth factors to stimulate cell division prior to and during the infection. Vectors using the viral long terminal repeat enhancer/promoter to drive the human GC cDNA produced high levels of human GC RNA in the progeny of CFU-S progenitors after gene transfer. When an internal herpes simplex thymidine kinase promoter assisted by a mutant polyoma enhancer was used to drive the human GC cDNA (NTG vector), little or no human GC RNA was detected in transduced CFU-S colonies. All three vectors producing human GC RNA in CFU-S colonies can generate human GC as detected by immunochemical analysis of CFU-S colonies. NTG vector-infected bone marrow cells were transplanted into W/Wv recipients to generate long-term reconstituted mice. The capacity of the viral long terminal repeat and the internal thymidine kinase promoter to direct synthesis of RNA in transduced bone marrow and spleen cells 5 months after bone marrow transplantation reflected the performance of these promoters in NTG-transduced CFU-S colonies.
Senses of Seascapes: Aesthetics and the Passion for Knowledge:

This paper seeks to aesthetically explore the relationship between passion and knowledge. Some of the challenges associated with aesthetic readings surround the location, evocation and representati...
Personalized contraceptive assistance and uptake of long-acting, reversible contraceptives by postpartum women: a randomized, controlled trial.

Abstract Background Many women who intend to use long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs) postpartum do not follow through with initiating use. The objectives of this study were to determine whether support from a contraceptive personal assistant could increase the uptake of LARCs by 3 months postpartum, and to identify risk factors for nonuptake of LARCs among women who planned LARC use. Study Design This is a randomized, controlled trial of 50 low-income postpartum women who desired LARC. The intervention group received telephone contact from a personal assistant who provided contraception education, facilitation of insurance coverage, appointment scheduling and assistance with childcare and transportation. The control group received routine follow up. Women were surveyed immediately and 3 months postpartum regarding contraceptive use and anticipated barriers to LARC use. Results A similar proportion of women in both groups received LARC [control 16/24 (67%), intervention 18/25 (72%), p= .76]. More primiparous (86.4%) than multiparous (55.5%) women obtained LARC (p=.04). In addition, women with more prenatal visits were more likely to have initiated LARC (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval for each increased visit: 1.50, 1.15–1.96). No other demographic factors were related to LARC uptake. Conclusions Providing telephone assistance to help navigate barriers did not increase postpartum uptake of LARCs. A personal history of clinic visit no-shows and/or infrequent prenatal visits were related to poor uptake of LARCs postpartum.
Hyperovals in nets of small degree

The existence of an r-net of order n with a hyperoval is proved for r = 5 when n ≥ 63; for r = 7 when n ≥ 84; for r = 9 when n ≥ 59,573 and for r = 15 when n ≥ 1, 873,273. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 322–334, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10018
Hospital volume, mitral repair rates, and mortality in mitral valve surgery in the elderly: An analysis of US hospitals treating Medicare fee-for-service patients

Abstract Background The volume-outcome relationship has been suggested as a quality metric in mitral valve surgery and would be particularly relevant in the elderly because of their greater burden of comorbidities and higher perioperative risk. Methods and Results The study included 1239 hospitals performing mitral valve surgery on Medicare beneficiaries from 2000 through 2009. Only 9% of hospitals performed more than 40 mitral operations per year, 29% performed 5 or less, and 51% performed 10 or less. Mitral repair rates were low; 22.7% of hospitals performed 1 or less, 65.1% performed 5 or less, and only 5.6% performed more than 20 mitral repairs per year in those aged 65 years or more. Repair rates increased with increasing volume of mitral operations per year: 5 or less, 30.5%; 6 to 10, 32.9%; 11 to 20, 34.9%; 21 to 40, 38.8%; and more than 40, 42.0% ( P = .0001). Hospitals with lower volume had significantly higher adjusted operative mortality compared with hospitals performing more than 40 cases per year: 5 or less cases per year, odds ratio (OR) 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-1.78); 6 to 10 cases per year, OR 1.29 (95% CI, 1.17-1.43); 11 to 20 cases per year, OR 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28); 21 to 40 cases per year, OR 1.15 (95% CI, 1.05-1.26). Hospitals with lower mitral repair rates had an increased likelihood of operative mortality relative to the top quartile: lowest quartile, OR 1.31 (95% CI, 1.20-1.44); second quartile, OR 1.18 (95% CI, 1.09-1.29); and third quartile, OR 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05-1.24). Long-term mortality beyond 6 months was also higher in low-volume hospitals: 5 or less cases year, hazard ratio (HR) 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06-1.18); 6 to 10 cases per year, OR 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.10) compared with hospitals performing more than 40 cases per year. Conclusions Most hospitals perform few mitral valve operations on elderly patients. Greater volume of mitral procedures was associated with higher repair rates. Both greater volume of mitral procedures and increasing mitral repair rates were associated with decreased mortality.
Search for neutral heavy leptons in a high-energy neutrino beam

A search for neutral heavy leptons (NHLs) has been performed using an instrumented decay channel at the NuTeV (E-815) experiment at Fermilab. The data were examined for NHLs decaying into muonic final states ({mu}{mu}{nu} , {mu}e{nu} , {mu}{pi} , and {mu}{rho} ); no evidence has been found for NHLs in the 0.25-2.0 GeV mass range. This analysis places limits on the mixing of NHLs with standard light neutrinos at a level up to an order of magnitude more restrictive than previous search limits in this mass range. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
A Haitian ‘ecodistrict:’ conceptual design for integrated, basic infrastructure for the commune of Léogâne

The island nation of Haiti poses an ongoing challenge to the international development community. Political instability and lack of basic public services, combined with weak technical and financial capacity, collectively undermine both philanthropy and international investment. Haiti’s tragic vulnerability to natural disasters (earthquakes and hurricanes) and the public health crises that ensue have only compounded its level of destitution. These complex, interconnected circumstances doom single-threaded solutions. The problems call instead for integrative responses, answers that cut across sectors and address multiple problems simultaneously. This proposal for critical services development in the Haitian commune of Leogâne seeks to reduce much of its poverty, malnourishment, pollution, health problems, flooding, deforestation, topsoil erosion and loss of biodiversity. The territory’s long degraded ecosystem services, once regenerated through reforestation and riverbank stabilization, will boost agricultural production. More significantly, they will help provision targeted new energy, water and waste management systems designed together with synergistic exchanges in mind. Across these sectors shared resource and energy flows will improve efficiencies, lower costs and reduce environmental impacts.
Classification of faults in synchronous sequential circuits

Undetectable and redundant faults in synchronous sequential circuits are analyzed. A distinction is drawn between undetectable faults and faults that are never manifested as output errors. The latter are classified as redundant. It is shown that there are faults for which a test sequence does not exist; however, under certain initial conditions (or initial states) of the circuit, faulty behavior may be observed. Such faults are called partially detectable faults. A partially detectable fault is undetectable, but is not redundant, as it affects circuit operation under some conditions. The author observes that the notion of redundancy cannot be separated from the mode of operation of the circuit. Two modes of operation are considered, representative of common modes, called the synchronization mode and the free mode. Accordingly, the identification of redundant faults calls for different test generation strategies. Two test strategies to generate tests for detectable faults and partial tests for partially detectable faults are defined, called the restricted test strategy and the unrestricted test strategy. >
Pseudo-3D Video Conferencing with a Generic Webcam

When conversing with someone via video conference, you are provided with a virtual window into their space. However, this currently remains both flat and fixed, limiting its immersiveness. Previous research efforts have explored the use of 3D in telecommunication, and show that the additional realism can enrich the video conference experience. However, existing systems require complex sensor and cameras setups that make them infeasible for widespread adoption. We present a method for producing a pseudo-3D experience using only a single generic webcam at each end. This means nearly any computer currently able to video conference can use our technique, making it readily adoptable. Although using comparatively simple techniques, the 3D result is convincing.
ψ35 in the Branch Site Recognition Region of U2 Small Nuclear RNA Is Important for Pre-mRNA Splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Pseudouridine 35 (ψ35) in the branch site recognition region of yeast U2 small nuclear RNA is absolutely conserved in all eukaryotes examined. Pus7p catalyzes pseudouridylation at position 35 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae U2. The pus7 deletion strain, although viable in rich medium, is growth-disadvantaged under certain conditions. To clarify the function of U2 ψ35 in yeast, we used this pus7 deletion strain to screen a collection of mutant U2 small nuclear RNAs, each containing a point mutation near the branch site recognition sequence, for a synthetic growth defect phenotype. The screen identified two U2 mutants, one containing a U40 → G40 substitution (U40G) and another having a U40 deletion (U40Δ). Yeast strains carrying either of these U2 mutations grew as well as the wild-type strain in the selection medium, but they exhibited a temperature-sensitive growth defect phenotype when coupled with the pus7 deletion (pus7Δ). A subsequent temperature shift assay and a conditional pus7 depletion (via GAL promoter shutoff) in the U2-U40 mutant genetic background caused pre-mRNA accumulation, suggesting that ψ35 is required for pre-mRNA splicing under certain conditions.
Detector Design for Parametric Speech Watermarking

Parametric watermarking is effected by modifying the linear predictor coefficients of speech. In this work, the parameter noise is analyzed when watermarked speech is subjected to additive white and colored noise in the time domain. The paper presents two detection techniques for parametric watermarking. The first approach uses the Neyman-Pearson criterion to solve a binary decision problem. In the second approach, discriminant functions based on the minimum-error-rate criterion are used to determine which one of the many watermarks was embedded or if no watermark is present. Experiments with speech data are used to determine the false-alarm and missed detection rates
Post-etch residue removal using choline chloride-malonic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES)

Eutectic mixture of choline chloride (CC) and malonic acid (MA) in a molar ratio of 1:1 has been evaluated as a potential chemical system for the removal of residues produced by CF"4/O"2 plasma etching of copper coated with DUV photoresist. Immersion cleaning was performed in the liquid at the eutectic composition at 40 and 70^oC. Residue removal rate was screened using scanning electron microscopy and verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results presented in this paper show that choline chloride-malonic acid eutectic is effective in removing post-etch residues and has the potential to function as a back end of line cleaning formulation.
Syndecan-1 controls cell migration by activating Rap1 to regulate focal adhesion disassembly

After injury, residual epithelial cells coordinate contextual clues from cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions to polarize and migrate over the wound bed. Protrusion formation, cell body translocation and rear retraction is a repetitive process that allows the cell to move across the substratum. Fundamental to this process is the assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions that facilitate cell adhesion and protrusion formation. Here, we identified syndecan-1 as a regulator of focal adhesion disassembly in migrating lung epithelial cells. Syndecan-1 altered the dynamic exchange of adhesion complex proteins, which in turn regulates migration speed. Moreover, we provide evidence that syndecan-1 controls this entire process through Rap1. Thus, syndecan-1 restrains migration in lung epithelium by activating Rap1 to slow focal adhesion disassembly.
Dimensions of Temperament in Preschoolers Predict Risk Taking and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents

The present research examines the relation between measures of childhood temperament at 54 months and adolescent risk taking and externalizing problems. Three temperament factors were calculated from maternal reports: negative affectivity, surgency, and effortful control. At Age 15, data was gathered on risk taking and externalizing problems using self- and maternal reports. Analyses indicated that effortful control predicted self-reported risk taking. Different dimensions of temperament were related to externalizing behaviors, depending on the identity of the reporter. Maternal reports of externalizing problems were predicted by all three dimensions, whereas self-reports of externalizing problems were predicted only by surgency. Additional analyses demonstrated that the prospective associations between childhood effortful control and adolescent risk taking and externalizing behaviors were partially mediated by adolescent measures of self-regulation: impulse control and future planning. Collectively, thes...
A survey of rodent-borne pathogens carried by wild-caught Norway rats: a potential threat to laboratory rodent colonies.

SummaryUnintentional infection of laboratory rodents can compromise scientific research as well as the health of the animals and animal handlers. The source of contamination often is unknown, but may be introduced by wild rats from surrounding environments. To determine whether rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA carry infectious agents commonly found in laboratory rodent colonies, we live-trapped 162 rats during 2005 to 2006 and screened them for a panel of viruses, bacteria and parasites. Antibodies against rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus (91.7%), Mycoplasma pulmonis (72.9%), cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (52.1%), rat parvovirus/rat minute virus (29.2%), Kilham rat virus (10.4%), Toolan's H-1 virus (10.4%), Sendai virus (4.2%) and Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (4.2%), were detected in wild-caught Norway rats. Antibodies against reovirus and pneumonia virus of mice were not detected in wild Norway rats. Endoparasites, including Nippostrongylus braziliensis (71.6%), Rodentolepis n...
Haptic Virtual Rehabilitation Exercises for Poststroke Diagnosis

Nowadays, stroke is one of the most frequent causes of severe adult disability in the world. Virtual reality and haptic technologies have emerged as promising assistive tools for effective diagnosis and rehabilitation intervention. The objective of this paper is to develop and test a set of five virtual exercises on top of a framework, which is designed for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with hand impairments. We have implemented task-oriented exercises based on well-established and common exercises, namely the Jebsen Test of Hand Function and the Box and Block Test. These include moving a cup, arranging blocks, navigating a maze, training with a dumbbell, and grasping a rubber ball. Furthermore, key performance measures (metrics) are proposed for each exercise to quantitatively evaluate and judge the performance of stroke patients. Our evaluation of these exercises shows promising potential to define ldquogoldenrdquo reference metrics for healthy subjects, against which the performance of a patient is compared. This will facilitate the ability of occupational therapists to assess the patient's progress.
Creating Conditions for Learning: From Research to Practice.

Teacher educators have been increasingly admonished to use findings from research on classrooms and teaching in their education of teachers, both preservice and inservice. Indeed one of the most unassailable justifications for including specific content in education programs is in the phrase "research says." Although research is a valid basis for the education of teachers, the issue is not simply one of using research, but of how research is used (Koehler, this issue; Fenstermacher, 1986). The purpose of this article is to illustrate how research can be used to construct frameworks to
Isoform-specific modulation of pressure-stimulated cancer cell proliferation and adhesion by α-actinin.

Abstract Background Intratumoral pressure may stimulate cancer proliferation whereas intravascular pressure promotes metastatic adhesion. α-Actinin proteins facilitate focal adhesion formation and link focal adhesion complexes to the cytoskeleton. We hypothesized that α-actinin is the mechanotransducer that mediates the effects of pressure on cancer cell proliferation and adhesion. Methods We treated SW620 colon cancer cells with specific short interfering RNA to reduce α-actinin-1 and/or α-actinin-4, the 2 key epithelial isoforms. Proliferation was measured in adherent cells by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay after 24 hours at ambient or 40 mm Hg increased pressure. For comparison, we evaluated the effects of 30 minutes of ambient or 15-mm Hg increased pressure on adhesion of suspended SW620 cells. Because the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) influences proliferation, we used co-immunoprecipitation to evaluate NF-κB–α-actinin association and a lentiviral reporter assay for NF-κB activity. Results A total of 40 mm Hg increased pressure increased SW620 proliferation 41% ± 6% (n = 10; P P P Conclusions α-actinin-4 may mediate pressure stimulation of proliferation within large rapidly growing tumors, perhaps by binding transcription factors such as NF-κB. α-actinins may be important targets to inhibit cancer proliferation and metastasis.
Algorithms for transient three-dimensional mixed-level circuit and device simulation

Algorithms for transient mixed-level circuit and device simulation using a full two-carrier three-dimensional (3-D) device simulator SIERRA and the circuit simulator SPICE3 are presented. Circuit and device simulator coupling algorithms that are suited for two-dimensional mixed-level circuit and device simulation using direct solvers cannot be successfully employed when iterative solution techniques are used in 3-D device simulation. New algorithms to couple the circuit and 3-D device simulator have been developed and evaluated. The importance of 3-D mixed-level circuit and device simulation is demonstrated by applying it to single-event upset in CMOS SRAM cells. >
Synthetic fibronectin peptides and ischemic brain injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

✓ Leukocytes play an important role in the development of ischemia—reperfusion injury. This study was conducted to ascertain whether synthetic peptides corresponding to the cell- and heparin-binding sequences of fibronectin that disturb leukocyte adhesion molecules were effective in neuronal protection after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The authors evaluated the efficacy of peptides on infarction size, leukocyte infiltration in the ischemic tissue, and neurological outcome in rats subjected to 1 hour of cerebral ischemia and 48 hours of reperfusion. Twenty-one animals were divided into three groups: transient ischemia without treatment (Group I), transient ischemia with administration of vehicle (Group II), and transient ischemia with administration of fibronectin peptides (Group III). The mean myeloperoxidase activity (U/g wet wt) in the ischemic area was as follows: Group I, 0.19% ± 0.05; Group II, 0.21% ± 0.03; and Group III, 0.08% ± 0.02. The mean size of the infarction as a percentage o...
Earthquake prediction lessons from Parkfield Experiment

In 1985, the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (NEPEC), and later its California counterpart (CEPEC), approved an earthquake prediction for the first time. This was the Bakun and Lindh [1985] forecast, with 95% confidence, that an M = 5.5 to 6 earthquake would rupture along the San Andreas fault near the town of Parkfield before 1993. This forecast was an important factor in selecting the Parkfield area for a major geophysical and geological monitoring study. The experiments installed there are aimed at producing a better understanding of the earthquake generation process and earthquake effects, gaining experience with real-time monitoring of a variety of geophysical data, and, if possible, making a short-term prediction of the future earthquake. Twenty-eight different observational networks now exist in the Parkfield area. The forecast also generated interest that led researchers to reexamine past Parkfield earthquakes with current knowledge and to develop new models of the earthquake cycle.
Social Networking Web Sites: The Legal and Ethical Aspects of Pre-Employment Screening and Employee Surveillance

The education of human resource practitioners requires cutting edge knowledge that may be in advance of developments in the law. Such is the example of usage of Online Social Networks (OSNs) in screening job applicants and current employees. Many organizations inquire into the off-duty behavior of workers in this fashion and are not in violation of existing laws. There are, however, potential legal challenges on the horizon based on workers’ reasonable expectations of privacy, pointing toward the need of a legitimate business rationale for rejecting applicants based on information that was not visible from the application and interview process. Implications and recommendations for practitioners are offered.
Unresolved Hα Enhancements at High Galactic Latitude in the WHAM Sky Survey Maps

We have identified 85 regions of enhanced Hα emission at |b| > 10° subtending approximately 1° or less on the Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHAM) sky survey. These high-latitude "WHAM point sources" have Hα fluxes of 10-11–10-9 ergs cm-2 s-1, radial velocities within about 70 km s-1 of the LSR, and line widths that range from less than 20 to about 80 km s-1 (FWHM). Twenty-nine of these enhancements are not identified with either cataloged nebulae or hot stars and appear to have kinematic properties that differ from those observed for planetary nebulae. Another 14 enhancements are near hot evolved low-mass stars that had no previously reported detections of associated nebulosity. The remainder of the enhancements are cataloged planetary nebulae and small, high-latitude H II regions surrounding massive O and early B stars.
Comparing the Variances of Two Dependent Groups

Recently several new attempts have been made to find a robust method for comparing the variances ofJ dependent random variables. However, empirical studies have shown that all of these procedures can give unsatisfactory results. This paper examines several new procedures that are derived heuristically. One of these procedures was found to perform better than all of the robust procedures studied here, and so it is recommended for general use.
Classification, natural history, and evolution of the genus Aphelocerus Kirsch (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Clerinae)

Abstract The genus Aphelocerus is redefined to include 66 species as follows: A. leucomelas (Chevrolat); A. coalitus, n.sp.; A. echinatus, n.sp.; A. affaniatis, n.sp.; A. delicatulus (Barr); A. aeneus, n.sp.; A. bispineus, n.sp.; A. extensivus, n.sp.; A. primigenious, n.sp.; A. ciliaris, n.sp.; A. acuticolis, n.sp.; A. citimus, n.sp.; A. sturnus Kirsh; A. acanthus, n.sp.; A. inconstans (Gorham); A. cirritus, n.sp.; A. patulus, n.sp.; A. chiriqui, n.sp.; A. sculptilus, n.sp.; A. sabulosus, n.sp.; A. chondrus, n.sp.; A. cohibilis, n.sp.; A. irroratus, n.sp.; A. immarginatus (Chevrolat); A. acutus, n.sp.; A. torosus, n.sp.; A. olanchoensis, n.sp.; A. vietus, n.sp.; A. turnbowi, n.sp.; A. cornuatus, n.sp.; A. humerus, n.sp.; A. domus, n.sp.; A. capillus, n.sp.; A. coactus, n.sp.; A. scalenus, n.sp.; A. yungas, n.sp.; A. extensivus, n.sp.; A. lividus, n.sp.; A. nitidus, n.sp.; A. sagittarius, n.sp.; A. triangulus, n.sp.; A. batesi, n.sp.; A. ebenus, n.sp.; A. catie, n.sp.; A. monteverde, n.sp.; A. arenatus, n....
Reynolds Stress and Turbulence Kinetic Energy Balances in Swirling Jets

Velocity distributions were obtained in a swirling and a non-swirling jet flows at one axial location in the near field. The resulting mean velocity and Reynolds stress distributions are examined, and the energy budgets of the Reynolds stresses and turbulence kinetic energy equations are assessed. The non-swirling jet budgets qualitatively agree with previous measurements taken in the far field. At the axial location measured, all Reynolds stresses showed larger values for the swirling case compared to the non-swirling one. The swirling jet is found to exhibit larger production, mean convection and turbulence transport terms in the energy budget of most of the Reynolds stress and the turbulence kinetic energy equations.
Commissurotomy for mitral stenosis.

(1950). Commissurotomy for Mitral Stenosis. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 374-383.
ATPS-77THE KETONE BODY ß-HYDROXYBUTYRATE RADIOSENSITIZES GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME STEM CELLS

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor that typically recurs following standard treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. A rare population of radio-chemoresistant glioma stem cells (GSCs) is implicated in tumor repopulation and progression following treatment. Improvement in the prognosis of these patients requires the development of new therapeutic approaches. One emerging strategy is to target aberrant cell metabolism, a trait shared by virtually all tumor cells. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat, low carbohydrate and protein metabolic therapy has demonstrated anti-tumor effects alone, and in combination with radiation. The KD prolongs survival in animal glioma models, and when used in conjunction with radiation 9 of 11 mice were cured of their implanted tumors. We are now extending this work to determine if the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) radiosensitizes human GSCs in vitro. The effects of βHB on growth were examined at various βHB concentrations in two GSC lines, L0 and L1. Both 5mM and 10mM βHB significantly reduced GSC growth. When coupled with 4Gy of radiation, 5mM βHB treatment significantly reduced L1 neurosphere formation and frequency, more than either βHB treatment or radiation alone. In L0, combination treatment significantly reduced neurosphere formation and frequency, more than radiation alone. To explore underlying mechanisms we are investigating the effect of βHB on DNA damage and repair in GSCs. Additionally, we are determining the effect of βHB on hypoxia within GSC neurospheres by analyzing expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and the hypoxic marker carbonic anhydrase 9. We previously showed that the KD reduced the expression of these genes in a mouse glioma model. Taken altogether, these data suggest that βHB may sensitize GBMs to radiation by inhibiting growth of both glioma cells and GSCs, which may have implications for its use to treat tumor recurrence.
Chapters 11 and 12 Excerpted from the End of Energy: The Unmaking of America's Environment, Security, and Independence

With the permission of MIT Press, this document includes Chapters 11 and 12 from my 2011 book, The End of Energy: The Unmaking of America’s Environment, Security, and Independence. These two chapters discuss some of the history and merits of taxes, subsidies, and regulation (including cap and trade) as mechanisms to implement policies to curb greenhouse gases. In light of the renewed interest in and discussion of command and control regulations and carbon taxes, these chapters may be useful to readers who do not have the book. The bibliographic material relating to these chapters is contained in the book and has been omitted here.
Virion Attachment and Entry: HIV gp120 Env Biotinylation, gp120 Env, or Integrin Ligand-Binding Assay

The HIV-1 entry receptors are CD4 and a chemokine receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4). In addition it has recently been demonstrated that HIV-1 gp120 binds to and signals through integrin α4β7, the gut-homing receptor (Arthos et al., Nat Immunol 9(3):301-309, 2008). Integrin α4β7 is not an entry receptor for HIV-1, although it can facilitate virion attachment to target cells (Arthos et al., Nat Immunol 9(3):301-309, 2008; Cicala et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:20877-20882, 2009). Recombinant HIV-1 gp120s bind to integrin α4β7 in a manner similar to its natural ligands (MAdCAM-1, V-CAM-1, fibronectin) (Andrew et al., J Immunol 153:3847-3861, 1994). gp120-α4β7 interactions are detected in a manner similar to assays developed for the natural ligands of α4β7. In this chapter we describe a method for the analysis of integrin-gp120 binding via a cell-based binding assay. In vitro ligand-integrin affinity can be modified by the presence of divalent cations (Mn(2+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+)) (Leitinger et al., Leitinger Biochim Biophys Acta 1498:91-98, 2000). Here we describe a protocol to detect biotinylated recombinant HIV-1 gp120 binding to integrin α4β7 in both primary cells and cell lines expressing the gut-homing receptor.
Factors affecting learning of vector math from computer-based practice: Feedback complexity and prior knowledge

In a computer-based learning environment providing a brief general explanation of the correct solution process leads to stronger learning gains than telling students about the correctness of their answer.