cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation Among Process Routes, Microstructures and Properties of Chemically Vapor Deposited Silicon Carbide

“Silicon carbide” is a generic term for a host of different materials produced by several process routes which yield a variety of microstructures and associated property characteristics. The route of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used primarily to deposit SiC for wear- and corrosion- resistant coatings and for diffusion barriers to and from the underlying substrate. Presently this technique is also being used to deposit monocrystalline semiconductor thin films of SiC and to infiltrate various high temperature woven fabrics with this material. The following sections describe the results of thermodynamic calculations to define SiC CVD diagrams using various precursor gas mixtures, discuss various CVD techniques and detail the results of deformation, infiltration and thin film deposition studies that have been recently conducted on vapor deposited SiC.
Modeling of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet with Flow Effects

In this study, the interaction of a cold atmospheric pressure plasma helium jet with a dielectric surface is investigated. A self-consistent, multiple species, two temperature plasma solver is coupled with a multiple species, compressible Navier-Stokes solver to model the coupled flow and plasma discharge kinetics. The Navier-Stokes solver is used to obtain steady state stagnation flow profiles for a low speed helium jet exhausting into ambient air and impinging against a dielectric surface. The plasma solver is then used to simulate a 150 nanosecond pulse discharge leading to the formation and propagation of a plasma bullet within the helium jet. Initially, the plasma forms within the tube and propagates along the tube surface as a fast ionization wave driven by large induced electric fields produced by space charge and charge trapped on the dielectric surface. When the discharge reaches the gap, it transitions to a constricted fast ionization wave that propagates along the helium-air interface. When the fast ionization wave (plasma bullet) reaches the dielectric surface, charged species are delivered to the surface and the discharge propagates parallel to the wall as a surface driven discharge. The surface driven discharge ceases to propagate once the quantity of air to helium is great enough to quench the hot electrons and prevent further ionization. Due to the low speed of the flow discharge and the short life times of the radical species such as O, most of the radical species delivered to the surface are a result of the surface discharge that forms after the plasma bullet impinges against the surface.
Cimetidine in the treatment of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E with impaired chemotaxis.

ered their jobs to be at medium to high risk for acquiring hepatitis and considered hepatitis a serious illness; however, those who did not choose to accept the vaccine were significantly more likely to consider the vaccine risky (registered nurses, P < 0.001; lab technicians, P < 0.01). Physicians as a group did not consider the vaccine risky, but among those not electing to receive the vaccine, 57% considered their occupation to be at low risk for acquiring the disease (P < 0.05 by X2 analysis). The perceived risks of occupational exposure and/or vaccine use therefore differ remarkedly among these occupational groups, even though all of them were previously shown to have a high prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. Educational efforts should be specifically directed to address these differences in understanding when attempting to increase the appropriate use of hepatitis B virus vaccine.
Early Reviews of The Elementary Forms of Religious Life

How might have an advanced graduate student, with knowledge of sociology and philosophy, taken to The Elementary Forms of Religious Life in the spring of 1914? Before making his own commentary, he discusses five reviews that appeared before the English translation of 1915. All the historical data in his letter are factual, from George Santayana down to the original cost of the French edition of Durkheim’s magnum opus.
Time Course of Heart Rate Variability Response to PM2.5 Exposure from Secondhand Smoke.

Purpose: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with decreased heart rate variability (HRV). However, the time course of this association is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between 15–240 minute SHS-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) moving averages and indices of HRV. Methods: With a panel study design, we used personal monitors to continuously measure PM2.5 and HRV of 35 participants who were exposed to SHS for approximately 6 hours. Results: We observed negative, significant associations between 5-minute HRV indices and 15 minute PM2.5 moving averages and 240 minute PM2.5 moving averages: there was a significant (p<0.01) 7.5% decrease in the 5-minute square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal heart beats associated with (RMSSD), and a significant (p<0.01) 14.7% decrease in the 5-minute high frequency (HF) power associated with the 15 minute PM2.5 moving averages; there was also a significant (p<0.01) 46.9% decrease in the 5-minute RMSSD, and a significant (p<0.01) 77.7% decrease in the 5-minute high frequency (HF) power associated with the 240 minute PM2.5 moving averages. Conclusions: Our findings that exposure to SHS related PM2.5 was associated with HRV support the hypothesis that SHS can affect the cardiovascular system. The negative associations reported between short and longer term PM2.5 and HRV indicate adverse effects of SHS on the cardiovascular system.
Ultrafast Optoelectronic Switching for Telecommunications

The continuing growth of capacity in telecommunications systems generates a need for new technological approaches to handling large amounts of information in the optical domain. There are obvious potential needs for devices that can operate at higher bit rates, or that can help handle large numbers of wavelengths, and ultrafast technology can help in both of these areas. Additionally, however, there is new potential for optoelectronic devices that can help in the more complex functions of telecommunications switching, including possibly eliminating some of the signal processing functions that must currently be done electrically, or potentially working intimately with electronic systems in the most complex switching tasks. Optoelectronic devices are interesting especially as the complexity of the tasks grow because they have the advantages that they may be controlled electrically, possibly read out electrically, and perhaps also integrated with electronic circuits for highly functional blocks. Various recent approaches have also demonstrated that optoelectronic devices can operate at very high speeds with controllable and flexible functionality.
Modeling interactive 3D and multimedia animation with an embedded language

While interactive multimedia animation is a very compelling medium, few people are able to express themselves in it. There are too many low-level details that have to do not with the desired content-e.g., shapes, appearance and behavior-but rather how to get a computer to present the content. For instance, behaviors like motion and growth are generally gradual, continuous phenomena. Moreover, many such behaviors go on simultaneously. Computers, on the other hand, cannot directly accommodate either of these basic properties, because they do their work in discrete steps rather than continuously, and they only do one thing at a time. Graphics programmers have to spend much of their effort bridging the gap between what an animation is and how to present it on a computer. We propose that this situation can be improved by a change of language, and present Fran, synthesized by complementing an existing declarative host language, Haskell, with an embedded domain-specific vocabulary for modeled animation. As demonstrated in a collection of examples, the resulting animation descriptions are not only relatively easy to write, but also highly composable.
Assessment of tuber coxae bone biopsy in the standing horse

Objective To describe a biopsy technique in standing horses with minimal morbidity that consistently provides a substantial bone biopsy with intact, undamaged architecture. Study Design Experimental, prospective study. Animals Ten Thoroughbred horses. Methods Biopsies were obtained from the tuber coxae of 10 sedated, standing horses using an oscillating saw. Bilateral biopsies, separated by 60 days, were evaluated with micro-computed tomography (microCT). The first biopsy was prepared for decalcified histology; the second for undecalcified histology. Both biopsies were evaluated qualitatively for histologic quality. Results The biopsy technique did not result in any significant complications, was well tolerated and all biopsies were of good histologic quality. Conclusion Cortical and trabecular bone biopsies can be successfully collected from the tuber coxa using a simple technique that creates minimal morbidity and allows sequential samples to be collected. The biopsies were larger than those described previously, provided adequate bone for multiple histologic sections, and had intact, undamaged architecture on examination with microCT and light microscopy.
Mapping Low Molecular Weight Plasma Proteome of Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry.

Abstract In the post-genomic era, even with advances in analytical separation methods, analysis of human serum or plasma remains complex. However differential serum protein and peptide profiles have already been identified in cancer, infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, AIDS and diabetes. Profiling all peptides in plasma is hindered by the abundant albumin, macroglobulin, which may account for more than 80% of total protein. It is estimated that there is at least 7–8 orders of magnitude difference between most abundant plasma peptides and lower abundant ones, although biomarkers are often among the low abundance proteins. Contamination of electrolytes and lipids further complicate analysis of plasma proteome by mass spectrometer because these contaminants inhibit the ionization of native peptide. Here we used a pre-fractionation and ultrafilitration column (molecular weight cutoff 30 KD) strategy to treat plasma samples, and then used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of-flight (MALDI-TOF) to map low molecular weight peptides of CLL patients and healthy donors. Plasma was collected from 34 untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 19 healthy donors. 25mM NH4HCO3, pH 8.2, 20% (v/v) acetonitrile was added to 5 mL of plasma, after vortexing to denature proteins. The mixture was applied onto an Amicon ultra-15 centrifugal filter unit (MWCO 30 KD), and centrifuged. The flow-through was then transferred to a centrifugal concentrator (MWCO 3 KD) until 90% of the volume had gone through the membrane and the volume further reduced. An aliquot was desalted, purified and then spotted on 96-well gold MALDI plates with sinapic acid matrix. Measurements were performed in linear mode with an Applied Biosystems Voyager System with acquisition mass range 3–10 KD. The next-well external calibration was used to calibrate each sample plate and sample preparation. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated significant depletion of large, abundant proteins, and enrichment of low molecular peptides in ultrafiltrate. Among the peptides identified in all 34 CLL patients that was absent in 19 healthy donor plasma was a m/z 4340.7 Da peptide. Sequence analysis of this peptide was performed by microcapillary reverse-phase HPLC nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (μLC/MS/MS) and revealed that this peptide sequence is DEPPQSPWDRVKDLATVYVDVLKDSGRDYVSQFEGSALG derived from apolipoprotein A-I (amino acid 25–63 ). We performed ELISA to quantify apolipoprotein A-I in plasma. The mean value plasma apolipoprotein A-I of the 34 CLL patients was 20 mg/dL (range 6.6 to 51.7) compared to 10.4 mg/dL (range 2.2 to 16.9) in the 19 healthy donors (p-value
Exploring College Student Health Literacy: Do Methods of Measurement Matter?

The purpose of this study was twofold: Assess health literacy among college students using an accepted assessment tool (the Newest Vital Sign, NVS) and utilize different methods of administration to explore strategies for practically increasing usage of health literacy measurement tools—which currently emphasize in-person, oral administration. Findings suggest the NVS may be employed on platforms more convenient for college health educators, notably through online or paper-and-pencil methods, such as health center paperwork.
Structural Insights into the Mechanism of Group II Intron Splicing

While the major architectural features and active-site components of group II introns have been known for almost a decade, information on the individual stages of splicing has been lacking. Recent advances in crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have provided major new insights into the structure of intact lariat introns. Conformational changes that mediate the steps of splicing and retrotransposition are being elucidated, revealing the dynamic, highly coordinated motions that are required for group II intron activity. Finally, these ribozymes can now be viewed in their larger, more natural context as components of holoenzymes that include encoded maturase proteins. These studies expand our understanding of group II intron structural diversity and evolution, while setting the stage for rigorous mechanistic analysis of RNA splicing machines.
The (Biological or Cultural) Essence of Essentialism: Implications for Policy Support among Dominant and Subordinated Groups.

Most research links (racial) essentialism to negative intergroup outcomes. We propose that this conclusion reflects both a narrow conceptual focus on biological/genetic essence and a narrow research focus from the perspective of racially dominant groups. We distinguished between beliefs in biological and cultural essences, and we investigated the implications of this distinction for support of social justice policies (e.g., affirmative action) among people with dominant (White) and subordinated (e.g., Black, Latino) racial identities in the United States. Whereas endorsement of biological essentialism may have similarly negative implications for social justice policies across racial categories, we investigated the hypothesis that endorsement of cultural essentialism would have different implications across racial categories. In Studies 1a and 1b, we assess the properties of a cultural essentialism measure we developed using two samples with different racial/ethnic compositions. In Study 2, we collected data from 170 participants using an online questionnaire to test the implications of essentialist beliefs for policy support. Consistent with previous research, we found that belief in biological essentialism was negatively related to policy support for participants from both dominant and subordinated categories. In contrast, the relationship between cultural essentialism and policy support varied across identity categories in the hypothesized way: negative for participants from the dominant category but positive for participants from subordinated categories. Results suggest that cultural essentialism may provide a way of identification that subordinated communities use to mobilize support for social justice.
Crowd Development: The Interplay between Crowd Evaluation and Collaborative Dynamics in Wikipedia

Collaborative crowdsourcing is an increasingly common way of accomplishing work in our economy. Yet, we know very little about how the behavior of these crowds changes over time and how these dynamics impact their performance. In this paper, we take a group development approach that considers how the behavior of crowds change over time in anticipation and as a result of their evaluation and recognition. Towards this goal, this paper studies the collaborative behavior of groups comprised of editors of articles that have been recognized for their outstanding quality and given the Good Articles (GA) status and those that eventually become Featured Articles (FA) on Wikipedia. The results show that the collaborative behavior of GA groups radically changes just prior to their nomination. In particular, the GA groups experience increases in the level of activity, centralization of workload, and level of GA experience and decreases in conflict (i.e., reverts) among editors. After being promoted to GA, they converge back to their typical behavior and composition. This indicates that crowd behavior prior to their evaluation period is dramatically different than behavior before or after. In addition, the collaborative behaviors of crowds during their promotion to GA are predictive of whether they are eventually promoted to FA. Our findings shed new light on the importance of time in understanding the relationship between crowd performance and collaborative measures such as centralization, conflict and experience.
Symmetries of Shamrocks II: Axial Shamrocks

The first paper in this series presented the enumeration of cyclically symmetric, and cyclically symmetric and transpose complementary lozenge tilings of a hexagon with a shamrock removed from its center. In this article we address the transpose complementary case. The results we prove are in fact more general and allow us to give an extension of the symmetric case of the original hexagonal regions with shamrocks removed from their center, to what we call axial shamrocks. For the latter, the transpose complementary case is the only symmetry class besides the one requiring no symmetries. The enumeration of both of these follows from our results.
Performance Comparison of Low Temperature and Chemical Absorption Carbon Capture Processes in Response to Dynamic Electricity Demand and Price Profiles

Abstract Current projections to the year 2050 reveal that fossil fuels will remain the main source of energy generation. To achieve the target limits of carbon dioxide emission, set by national and international policies, carbon capture will play a key role. Modeling and optimization of various carbon capture technologies such as pre-combustion, oxy-fuel, and post-combustion, when integrated with coal-fired power plants, have been researched extensively in literature. Research on the integration of power generation with capture technologies regarding comparisons between the different schemes in response to dynamic inputs is lacking. This work provides a comparison between a low temperature carbon capture and a chemical absorption process in response to a dynamic electricity demand and price profile and in the presence of an intermittent wind power supply. The objective in this work is to meet the overall electricity demand of residential users and the carbon capture process while the total operating cost associated with the integrated system of power generation and carbon capture is minimized. This comparison includes scenarios with and without energy storage associated with each capture technology. It is observed that in both integrated systems, with and without energy storage, the overall electricity demanded by the capture process and residential users is supplied by a combination of coal and wind power. For the case without energy storage, the total operating cost and energy demand of the low temperature carbon capture, based on a similar amount of captured carbon dioxide, are 4.3% and 20.5% less than that of chemical absorption, respectively. For the scenario with energy storage, the low temperature carbon capture requires 32.34% less energy to capture similar amounts of carbon dioxide while incurring 9.09% less overall operational cost.
Aqueous Matrix Compositions and pH Influence Feline Calicivirus Inactivation by High Pressure Processing

The individual effects of pH (pH 3 to 8), NaCl (0 to 21%), sucrose (0 to 70%), and whey protein (0 to 2%) on pressure resistance of feline calicivirus (FCV) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum were determined. At pH 3 through 8, the virus was more resistant to pressure at a pH of < or = 5.2. For FCV samples with sucrose (up to 40%) or NaCl (up to 12%), the amount of FCV inactivated by pressure was inversely proportional to the sucrose or NaCl concentration. For example, a treatment of 250 MPa at 20 degrees C for 5 min reduced the FCV titer by 5.1 log PFU/ml without added sucrose and by 0.9 log PFU/ml with 40% sucrose. Reduced pressure sensitivity with increasing NaCl and sucrose concentrations was not a simple function of water activity. Different PFU reductions were observed for NaCl and sucrose samples with equivalent water activity. When protein at concentrations up to 2% did not provide a protective effect. The combined effect of NaCl and sucrose at 4 and 20 degrees C on pressure resistance of FCV also was examined. When both NaCl and sucrose were added to the FCV stock, they had an additive effect on increasing the pressure resistance of FCV. The individual (6% NaCl or 20% sucrose) and combined (6% NaCl plus 20% sucrose) resistance effects did not abrogate enhanced inactivation for pressure treatments at 4 degrees C compared with those at 20 degrees C. Aqueous matrix compositions, in particular different concentrations of NaCl and sucrose or different pH values, can substantially alter the efficiency of virus inactivation by high pressure processing.
Confronting a Double-Edged Sword: Providing Bullies Due Process Protections Without Undercutting Massachusetts’ Efforts To Combat Bullying

In 2012, the Massachusetts legislature enacted Chapter 71, Section 37H3/4 of the Massachusetts General Laws, ensuring that students facing long-term suspensions or expulsions receive additional rights during disciplinary hearings. The Massachusetts law entitles accused students to representation by counsel and allows for the cross-examination of student witnesses. Unfortunately, awarding these additional rights undermines the necessary efforts taken by the state to address school bullying. Nevertheless, without these rights, accused bullies have little recourse to address unfair or inaccurate allegations at their school hearings. Ultimately, this Note proposes a solution to protect victims from the trauma of cross-examination by the bully’s counsel without subjecting alleged bullies to unfair or inaccurate disciplinary hearings.
Identifying a Needle in a Haystack: Isolation and Structural Characterization of Er 2 C 94 as the Carbide Er 2 C 2 @D 3 (85)-C 92 .

A method has been developed for isolating a pure sample of Er2 C94 from the myriad of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes that are formed in the electric arc process. Crystallographic analysis of Er2 C94 in a cocrystal formed with Ni(OEP) reveals that the molecule is the carbide Er2 C2 @D3 (85)-C92 . Crystals of Er2 C2 @D3 (85)-C92 ⋅Ni(octaethylporphyrin)⋅2 C7 H8 are isostructural with those of Sm2 @D3 (85)-C92 ⋅Ni(octaethylporphyrin)⋅2 (chlorobenzene). Comparisons are made between the four crystallographically characterized endohedrals (Er2 C2 @D3 (85)-C92 , Gd2 C2 @D3 (85)-C92 , La2 C2 @D3 (85)-C92 , and Sm2 @D3 (85)-C92 ) that utilize the chiral D3 (85)-C92 cage.
Combination VEGFR/immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a promising new treatment for renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma is often managed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy. Initial studies combining these two therapeutic strategies have demonstrated promising efficacy with manageable toxicity profiles. These combinations represent a promising new approach for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Increased Galectin-1 Expression in Thymic Epithelial Tumors.

Abstract Introduction Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are rare malignancies with a paucity of data on biology and therapeutics. Galectin-1 is a member of the β-galactoside binding protein family and has been shown to mediate tumor growth via modulation of immune cell function. This study examined galectin-1 expression in TET. Patients and Methods A tissue microarray of 68 patients with TET and 8 benign thymus controls were stained for galectin-1 expression and scored by a pathologist blinded to patient clinical and pathologic data. Galectin-1 expression +1 or greater staining intensity was considered positive. Clinical and pathologic data were abstracted from institutional databases. Expression of galectin-1 in thymic tumor was compared to benign thymus controls and correlated with pertinent clinical and pathologic data. Results Galectin-1 expression was higher in TET compared to benign thymus controls (65% vs. 0%). No significant association between galectin-1 expression and the development of recurrent disease, paraneoplastic syndromes, or overall survival was noted. Conclusion Galectin-1 is overexpressed in the majority of TET. Detection of galectin-1 may differentiate benign from neoplastic thymic processes. Additional studies are needed to assess the role of galectin-1 in the development of TET.
The Role of Religion in Solidifying the Individual and Group Identity of Women [University of West Georgia]

The impact of religion on social behavior has been a well-researched topic throughout the years. Consequently, scholars believe that religion influences positive social behavior in religious individuals and creates the basis for individual identity and sense of belonging. In this research, I examine how female identity becomes solidified during college and the roles religion plays in constructing identity and social behavior. Using anthropologist Victor Turner’s concept of communitas (1967) I seek to understand female social behavior and what prompts the development of group unity as well as how religion serves as a bonding agent among college students during their first years living independently. Using ethnographic field methods including informal interviews, life histories, and participant observation, I will conduct in-depth studies of fifteen female University of West Georgia collegiate sophomores. Females are the focus group for my study because I am inspired to discover how a woman’s identity is formed within male-dominant societies and how religion influences a woman’s social behavior. Therefore, I will consider the interplay between the effects of religion on social behavior and identity in a college setting and how being a college student affects the individual’s religious values. I will concentrate on unmarried, 18-21 year-old female collegiate sophomores who reside on the UWG campus and identify with a particular religion. I hypothesize that through the experience of communitas, the religious values and practices of an 18-21 year-old collegiate female sophomore at The University of West Georgia cause her to be more socially involved/engaged with others and influence her career choices.
Hydrogenolytic depolymerization of procyanidin polymers from hi-tannin sorghum bran

Depolymerization of procyanidin polymers into oligomers enhances their bioavailability and bioactivity because oligomers are bioavailable. Hydrogenolysis was applied in this study to depolymerize hi-tannin sorghum bran procyanidin polymers into oligomers. The yield and composition of oligomers under different hydrogenolysis conditions was investigated. Results showed that raising temperature from 50 to 100 °C significantly increased total yield of oligomers. Higher temperatures (150 and 200 °C) produced monomers with lower yield. The highest yield of oligomers (38.8%) was obtained using 1 MPa hydrogen whereas 3 MPa hydrogen in reaction vessel decreased yield. Total yield of oligomers reached the highest at 1-3 h and then decreased with prolonged reaction time. Yield increased with palladium-on-carbon (Pd/C, a catalyst) amount from 0.5 to 3 mg and plateaued with Pd/C amount from 3 to 10 mg. The maximum yield of produced oligomers was achieved under 100 °C, 1 MPa hydrogen pressure, 1-3 h, and 3-10 mg Pd/C.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase in Man and Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in most Western countries. In the United States it accounts for 33% of the cancer deaths in males and 11% of the cancer deaths in females. More males die from lung cancer than from the four next common cancer sites combined, i. e., colon, prostate, pancreas, and stomach cancer. In females, lung cancer holds third place in cancer deaths, preceded only by breast and colon cancer (Silverberg, 1977). Of all the common cancers it is the one most clearly associated with environmental agents, the most notable of which is cigarette smoking.
Cultural Considerations for Healthcare Treatment of Latinos in the United States

Diversity among Hispanics or Latinos should be taken into account when treating patients from different cultural backgrounds. People have different beliefs about health, and most of these beliefs stem from integrated patterns of human experiences that may include personal values, religion, ethnicity, language, and customs which leads this argument to the importance of cultural considerations. Understanding the difference between the terms “Hispanics and Latinos,” the cultures, races, and nationalities that comprise being part of these two classifications can provide basic knowledge for health-care providers when treating people from Latin-American origin.
Treatment for substance use disorders in pregnant women: Motivators and barriers.

Abstract Background Pregnancy is a unique opportunity to provide broad and necessary medical care for women- including treatment for Substance Use Disorders (SUD). The standard of care for SUD in pregnant women is treatment at a comprehensive care facility. There is little existing qualitative research exploring what brings pregnant women with SUD to treatment and what barriers to treatment exist for this population. This study explored women's self-reported reasons for pursuing treatment or hesitating to do so. Methods This qualitative study used interviews to explore common factors that motivate pregnant women with SUD to seek comprehensive care during pregnancy and common hesitations/ barriers to treatment. The study population included 20 women in treatment at a comprehensive care facility for pregnant and parenting women at Johns Hopkins. Participants volunteered to do interviews which were recorded and transcribed for analysis. Results Interviews revealed several major themes in motivators to seek treatment: readiness to stop using, concern for the baby's health, concern about custody of the baby or other children, wanting to escape violent environments or homelessness, and seeking structure. Barriers to treatment included fear of loss of custody, not wanting to be away from children/partner, concern about stigma or privacy, and lack of childcare and transportation. Conclusions This study revealed common motivators to seek treatment and barriers to treatment for pregnant women with SUD. These themes may help direct future studies and guide efforts to increase access to crucial care in this vulnerable population.
ADDMC: Weighted Model Counting with Algebraic Decision Diagrams.

We present an algorithm to compute exact literal-weighted model counts of Boolean formulas in Conjunctive Normal Form. Our algorithm employs dynamic programming and uses Algebraic Decision Diagrams as the main data structure. We implement this technique in ADDMC, a new model counter. We empirically evaluate various heuristics that can be used with ADDMC. We then compare ADDMC to four state-of-the-art weighted model counters (Cachet, c2d, d4, and miniC2D) on 1914 standard model counting benchmarks and show that ADDMC significantly improves the virtual best solver.
Predictors of participant 'no-shows' for intensive behavioral tobacco cessation treatment: Recruitment, demographics, and distance

IntroductionCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for tobacco cessation is an evidence-based, yet underutilized intervention. More research is needed to understand why some treatment-seekers are ‘no-shows’ for the initial visit.AimExamine factors associated with participant no-shows among smokers scheduled for group CBT.MethodsTobacco smokers (N = 115) were recruited from the community, screened, and if eligible, scheduled to begin group-based CBT plus nicotine replacement therapy. At the screening, participants reported their recruitment source, demographics, smoking history, and contact information. We computed the distance to the study site using the address provided. Regression analyses tested predictors of participant no-shows for the initial visit.ResultsEligible participants were mostly recruited via flyers (56%), female (58%), African American (61%), middle-aged (Mage = 49 years), averaged 16 cigarettes per day, and resided 8 miles away from the study site. The overall initial visit no-show rate was 56%. Bivariate analyses indicated that respondents who were recruited online, younger, and lived further away from the site were more likely to be no-shows. Younger age significantly predicted failure to attend in the multivariable model.ConclusionsFindings highlight potential barriers to participation in a group-based intervention, and have implications for pre-intervention engagement strategies and modifications that may increase reach and uptake.
IgE producers in the gut expand the gut's role in food allergy.

Details about IgE-producing B cells in the gut in the context of food allergy are scarce, despite the frequent exposure of the gut and its associated lymphoid tissues to dietary antigens. A new study finds that IgE-producing B cells are enriched in gut tissues and are probably generated from local antibody isotype switching.
Strategies for Asset Recovery from Mainland China

China is forging itself into a global financial center for investment and slowly retooling its courts to handle cross-border civil and commercial disputes. But China currently lacks an adequate legal infrastructure necessary to assure non-Chinese investors of their substantive rights. China’s attractively high growth investment opportunities combined with the absence of much needed legal remedies have been a recipe for massive investor losses. Facing the great legal uncertainty, practitioners have developed innovative equity and debt holder strategies for asset recovery from Mainland China. This Comment provides an analytic review of these strategies. It focuses on the use of equitable receivers to control onshore assets through offshore corporate structures and a judgment recognition and enforcement mechanism that relies on treaties or de facto reciprocity with China. The Comment also discusses the emergence of the Chinese judiciary’s quasi-lawmaking power through development of the Guiding Cases system—a case-based framework that implicates the notion of judicial precedent in China. There is a hope that the guiding cases could improve the efficacy of Chinese courts in deciding cross-border disputes and provide foreign investors with greater legal assurance by giving precedential value to cases that enforce investor rights.
New ages from the Shackleton Glacier area and their context in the regional tectonomagmatic evolution of the Ross orogen of Antarctica

The Ross orogenic belt in Antarctica is one of several Neoproterozoic-early Palaeozoic orogens that crisscrossed Gondwana and are associated with Gondwana’s assembly. We present new age data from t...
Safety, tolerability, and clinical outcomes of hydroxychloroquine for hospitalized patients with coronavirus 2019 disease.

Background Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating worldwide pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but clinical data supporting HCQ for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received ≥1 dose of HCQ at two New York City hospitals. We measured incident Grade 3 or 4 blood count and liver test abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmias, and vomiting and diarrhea within 10 days after HCQ initiation, and the proportion of patients who completed HCQ therapy. We also describe changes in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment hypoxia scores between baseline and day 10 after HCQ initiation and in-hospital mortality. Results None of the 153 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received HCQ developed a sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Incident blood count and liver test abnormalities occurred in <15% of patients and incident vomiting or diarrhea was rare. Eighty-nine percent of patients completed their HCQ course and three patients discontinued therapy because of QT prolongation. Fifty-two percent of patients had improved hypoxia scores 10 days after starting HCQ. Thirty-one percent of patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation at the time of HCQ initiation died during their hospitalization, compared to 18% of patients who were receiving supplemental oxygen but not requiring mechanical ventilation, and 8% of patients who were not requiring supplemental oxygen. Co-administration of azithromycin was not associated with improved outcomes. Conclusions HCQ appears to be reasonably safe and tolerable in most hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, nearly one-half of patients did not improve with this treatment, highlighting the need to evaluate HCQ and alternate therapies in randomized trials.
Investment Basics for Teachers

Emma, an elementary school technology specialist, learns that she is inheriting $20,000. She now has the pleasant problem of deciding what to do with it. Her first thought was to invest it all in technology stocks. But then she learned some basic rules about investing which stressed to start early, buy and hold, and to diversify. That last rule – to diversify – discouraged Emma from placing all of the money into one sector. Different forms of saving involve a tradeoff between risk and reward. You should identify the level of risk that fits your comfort zone. Some teachers make the mistake of keeping all of their money in the safest forms of assets. The safest kinds of savings include savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market mutual funds, and bonds. To gain greater returns, however, requires allocating some savings into higher risk assets including stocks and real estate. How do we get a good return while managing the risk? Investing in diversified mutual funds might be just the ticket. Remember, setting up an emergency fund in a savings account of money market mutual fund is like an insurance policy. It allows you to handle financial emergencies without dipping into retirement savings.
Dynamical Symmetry Breaking and the Onset of Chaos in the Interacting Boson Model of Nuclei

The interacting boson model introduced by Iachello and Arima1,2, has been very successful in describing the low lying collective levels and electromagnetic transition intensities of heavy nuclei. In its simplest version, the IBM-1, the nuclear Hamiltonian is described with few parameters and possesses three physical limits where it is exactly solvable. Even the general IBM-1 Hamiltonian is relatively easy to solve due to the moderate size of its basis.
Soluble receptor-resistant poliovirus mutants identify surface and internal capsid residues that control interaction with the cell receptor.

Abstract Poliovirus initiates infection by binding to its cell receptor and undergoing a receptor-mediated conformational alteration. To identify capsid residues that control these interactions, we have isolated and characterized poliovirus mutants that are resistant to neutralization by a soluble form of the poliovirus receptor. Twenty one soluble receptor-resistant (srr) mutants were identified which still use the poliovirus receptor to infect cells. All but one srr mutant contain a single amino acid change at one of 13 different positions, either on the surface or in the interior of the virion. The results of binding and alteration assays demonstrate that both surface and internal capsid residues regulate attachment to the receptor and conformational change of the virus. Mutations that reduce alteration also affect receptor binding, suggesting a common structural basis for early events in poliovirus infection.
Understanding collaborative governance from a communication network perspective: A case study of the Atlantic Salmon recovery framework

Abstract Atlantic salmon populations in Maine remain critically low despite extensive hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement efforts. In 2000, the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment was listed as Endangered under the ESA with joint listing authority shared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Because, regulators, and tribal, federal and state managers operate with independent authorities, recovery decisions depend upon effective communication and coordination among groups. Using a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed (n = 41) and interviewed (n = 28) members of the Atlantic Salmon Recovery Framework (ASRF), the joint governance structure responsible for Atlantic salmon management in Maine. We used survey results to examine the communication between members of ASRF through communication network analysis. While there is a relatively high network density for individual communication (56 %), connections are decentralized, a characteristic that can be incompatible with some organizational structures. Challenges reported by members fit into three general categories; i. slow and ineffective decision-making, ii. confusion surrounding leadership and accountability, and iii. low adaptive capacity. Despite these challenges, participants reported a commitment to maintaining a collaborative governance structure and a long history of inter-organizational relationships. This introspective effort has led to a reorganization effort to optimize communication pathways.
Finitely-Generated Projective Modules over the θ -Deformed 4-Sphere

We investigate the “θ-deformed spheres”\({C(S^{3}_{\theta})}\) and \({C(S^{4}_{\theta})}\), where θ is any real number. We show that all finitely-generated projective modules over \({C(S^{3}_{\theta})}\) are free, and that \({C(S^{4}_{\theta})}\) has the cancellation property. We classify and construct all finitely-generated projective modules over \({C(S^{4}_{\theta})}\) up to isomorphism. An interesting feature is that if θ is irrational then there are nontrivial “rank-1” modules over \({C(S^{4}_{\theta})}\). In that case, every finitely-generated projective module over \({C(S^{4}_{\theta})}\) is a sum of a rank-1 module and a free module. If θ is rational, the situation mirrors that for the commutative case θ = 0.
Reflection of Dietary Iodine in the 24 h Urinary Iodine Concentration, Serum Iodine and Thyroglobulin as Biomarkers of Iodine Status: A Pilot Study.

Background: The iodine status of the US population is considered adequate, but subpopulations remain at risk for iodine deficiency and a biomarker of individual iodine status has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 3 day titration diet, providing known quantities of iodized salt, is reflected in 24 h urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum iodine, and thyroglobulin (Tg). Methods: A total of 10 participants (31.3 ± 4.0 years, 76.1 ± 6.3 kg) completed three, 3 day iodine titration diets (minimal iodine, US RDA, (United States Recommended Daily Allowance), and 3× RDA). The 24 h UIC, serum iodine, and Tg were measured following each diet. The 24 h UIC and an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were completed at baseline. Results: UIC increased an average of 19.3 μg/L for every gram of iodized salt consumed and was different from minimal to RDA (p = 0.001) and RDA to 3× RDA diets (p = 0.04). Serum iodine was different from RDA to 3× RDA (p = 0.006) whereas Tg was not responsive to diet. Baseline UIC was associated with iodine intake from milk (r = 0.688, p = 0.028) and fish/seafood (r = 0.646, p = 0.043). Conclusion: These results suggest that 24 h UIC and serum iodine may be reflective of individual iodine status and may serve as biomarkers of iodine status.
Numerical Analysis of Static Strength Riveted, Adhesive and Hybrid Joints

One of the most important processes in the structural design is the joining techniques. Adhesive bonded joints have various advantages over the riveted joints. These advantages include high strength to weight ratio, low stress concentration and large bond area for load transfer. However, adhesive bonded joints have few disadvantages as well, some of them are; (1) their disassembly may lead to the component damage (2) they have low peel strength. Due to the aforementioned disadvantages, ensuring the bondage quality is a challenge. A relatively new approach is to use adhesive bonded riveted joints which are also known as hybrid joints. Hybrid joints actually integrate of both adhesive and riveted joints. Stress concentration will be less in adhesive joints as compared to the riveted joints if number of rivets are reduced in hybrid joints and adhesive is used to overcome the strength. This study focuses on the static strength of the adhesive, riveted and the hybrid joints. Experimental and analytical results are available and numerical analysis is to be done using ANSYS®software using tensile testing and models will be made in CATIA®. All work is performed on aluminum alloy 2024-T3 commonly used in aircraft structures. Only single lap joint is studied in this paper to examine joint behaviour.
Taking Responsibility Seriously

The concept of responsibility lives in the shadow of the hagiographic life of rights in the modern West.1 Western modernity has privileged rights while handcuffing and marginalizing responsibility. Ours, in particular, is the land of rights talk, and our political and legal thought has been enslaved to and by it. As Amy Gutmann recently points out, “most prominent political philosophers are now rights theorists.”2 Today rights talk has invaded and colonized even the nonhuman world of nature: we speak of the “rights of nature” and “animal rights” as well as “civil rights” and “human rights.” We are indeed possessed and compressed by rights talk. So-called “retreat” from or the “reclamation” of responsibility is a phantom expression because responsibility has never assumed conceptual prominence or strategic equity with rights in Western modernity.
The Proper Pronunciation of Certiorari: The Supreme Court's Surprising Six-Way Split

Every appellate litigator who appears before the Supreme Court of the United States must be prepared on a moment's notice to answer questions as to whether some matter is embraced within the questions as to which the Court granted "certiorari," and smart lawyers of course will take care to pronounce that word correctly. And conscientious law professors, who daily teach their students by example, naturally wish to make sure that they are doing the same. But just what is the right way to pronounce that word? Lawyers have disagreed about that question for a long time. In the hopes of getting the definitive answer and resolving this matter once and for all, the author listened to recordings of the justices at work to see how they pronounce this ancient writ -- and discovered that the current and most recent members of the Court are actually in a state of profound disagreement, and are in fact divided at least six different ways.
Apiaceous and cruciferous vegetables fed in the post-initiation stage have different effects on colonic preneoplastic lesions in the rat

Previously, we found that cruciferous vegetables reduced colonic preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci; ACF) in rats when fed during both the initiation and post-initiation stage of colon canc...