cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STATUS CONSISTENCY AND WORK SATISFACTION AMONG PROFESSIONAL AND MANAGERIAL WOMEN AND MEN

This study examined whether holding a status-consistent or status-inconsistent position (based on the gender of respondents and the percentage of women and men in their occupation nationally) affected the work satisfaction of college-educated, white-collar employees. The status-consistent group contained 128 women and 118 men. The status-inconsistent group was composed of 89 women and 102 men. Our results indicated that workers in occupations in which the majority of workers are the same gender had significantly higher levels of work satisfaction than those in status-inconsistent occupations. However, subsequent analyses revealed that men and women employed in occupations in which the majority of workers are men had higher levels of work satisfaction than those employed in women-dominated occupations. These findings held when controlling for other work-satisfaction factors, such as individual earnings, hours worked per week, and length of time employed. We suggest that the effect of status consistency on ...
Organization of vertebrate annual cycles: implications for control mechanisms

The majority of vertebrates have a life span of greater than one year. Therefore individuals must be able to adapt to the annual cycle of changing conditions by adjusting morphology, physiology and behaviour. Phenotypic flexibility, in which an individual switches from one life history stage to another, is one way to maximize fitness in a changing environment. When environmental variation is low, few life history stages are needed. If environmental variation is large, there are more life history stages. Each life history stage has a characteristic set of sub-stages that can be expressed in various combinations and patterns to determine state at any point in the life of the individual. Thus individuals have a finite number of states that can be expressed over the spectrum of environmental conditions in their life spans. Life history stages have three phases–development, mature capability (when characteristic sub-stages can be expressed) and termination. Expression of a stage is time dependent (probably a minimum of one month), and termination of one stage overlaps development of the next stage. It follows that the more life history stages an individual expresses, the less flexibility it will have in timing those stages. Having fewer life history stages increases flexibility in timing, but less tolerance of variation in environmental conditions. To varying degrees it is possible to overlap mature capability of some life history stages to effectively reduce ‘finite stage diversity’ and maximize flexibility in timing. Theoretical ways by which this can be done, and the implications for neuroendocrine and endocrine control mechanisms are discussed. Twelve testable hypotheses are posed that relate directly to control mechanisms.
Prodigal: prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification

The quality of automated gene prediction in microbial organisms has improved steadily over the past decade, but there is still room for improvement. Increasing the number of correct identifications, both of genes and of the translation initiation sites for each gene, and reducing the overall number of false positives, are all desirable goals. With our years of experience in manually curating genomes for the Joint Genome Institute, we developed a new gene prediction algorithm called Prodigal (PROkaryotic DYnamic programming Gene-finding ALgorithm). With Prodigal, we focused specifically on the three goals of improved gene structure prediction, improved translation initiation site recognition, and reduced false positives. We compared the results of Prodigal to existing gene-finding methods to demonstrate that it met each of these objectives. We built a fast, lightweight, open source gene prediction program called Prodigal http://compbio.ornl.gov/prodigal/ . Prodigal achieved good results compared to existing methods, and we believe it will be a valuable asset to automated microbial annotation pipelines.
Ka-Band Vector Reflectometer Based on Simple Phase-Shifter Design

An automated handheld simple vector reflectometer design for complex-reflection-coefficient measurements at 35.5 GHz (Ka-band, 26.5-40 GHz) is presented. The proposed reflectometer is based on a standing-wave voltage measuring device and an electronically controlled and custom-designed millimeter-wave phase shifter. The phase shifter consists of p-i-n diode-loaded subresonant slots cut into the wall of a Ka-band waveguide. This paper describes the design of the phase shifter and the overall reflectometer. A comparison of the measurement results, for several loads, using this reflectometer and an Agilent E8364B performance network analyzer is also presented showing the measurement accuracy of the proposed reflectometer. Finally, the utility of this reflectometer for imaging complex composite structures, incorporating a high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging technique, is also demonstrated.
A New History of Colonial Lawyering: Likhovski and Legal Identities in the British Empire

The history of the legal profession has been dominated by Richard Abel's monopolization thesis, and by Terence C. Halliday and Lucien Karpik's political model of lawyers as maintainers of liberal polities. By contrast, Assaf Likhovski's legal history of mandate Palestine treats lawyers and judges as cultural intermediaries who shaped the legal identity of Jewish and Arab communities. This article situates Likhovski's book within a growing body of scholarship on non-European lawyering in the British Empire. It links Likhovski's case studies to legal figures from colonial India, West Africa, and Malaya, all of whom acted as cultural translators and ethnographic intermediaries in the formation of colonial identities.
Effects of ecohydrological variables on current and future ranges, local suitability patterns, and model accuracy in big sagebrush

Forecasting of species and ecosystem responses to novel conditions, including climate change, is one of the major challenges facing ecologists at the start of the 21st century. Climate change studies based on species distribution models (SDMs) have been criticized because they extend correlational relationships beyond the observed data. Here, we compared conventional climate-based SDMs against ecohydrological SDMs that include information from process-based simulations of water balance. We examined the current and future distribution of Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) representing sagebrush ecosystems, which are widespread in semiarid western North America. For each approach, we calculated ensemble models from nine SDM methods and tested accuracy of each SDM with a null distribution. Climatic conditions included current conditions for 1970‐1999 and two IPCC projections B1 and A2 for 2070‐2099. Ecohydrological conditions were assessed by simulating soil water balance with SOILWAT, a daily time-step, multiple layer, mechanistic, soil water model. Under current conditions, both climatic and ecohydrological SDM approaches produced comparable sagebrush distributions. Overall, sagebrush distribution is forecasted to decrease, with larger decreases under the A2 than under the B1 scenario and strong decreases in the southern part of the range. Increases were forecasted in the northern parts and at higher elevations. Both SDM approaches produced accurate predictions. However, the ecohydrological SDM approach was slightly less accurate than climatic SDMs ( ‐ 1% in AUC, ‐ 4% in Kappa and TSS) and predicted a higher number of habitat patches than observed in the input data. Future predictions of ecohydrological SDMs included an increased number of habitat patches whereas climatic SDMs predicted a decrease. ! is di" erence is important for understanding landscape-scale patterns of sagebrush ecosystems and management of sagebrush obligate species for future conditions. Several mechanisms can explain the diverging forecasts; however, we need better insights into the consequences of di" erent datasets for SDMs and how these a" ect our understanding of future trajectories.
Females from resting eggs and parthenogenetic eggs in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus: lipid droplets, starvation resistance and reproduction

Summary 1. In the heterogonic life cycle of monogonont rotifers, amictic (female-producing) females develop from two types of eggs: fertilised resting (diapausing) eggs and parthenogenetic subitaneous eggs. Females hatched from resting eggs initiate clonal populations by female parthenogenesis and are called stem females. This study compares females from resting and parthenogenetic eggs that were produced under identical culture conditions and were of similar birth order. 2. Newborn stem females had many more lipid droplets in their tissues than similar-sized, newborn females from parthenogenetic eggs. When neonates were stained with Nile Red and viewed under epifluorescent illumination, these droplets were shown to be sites of neutral-lipid storage products. 3. Stem females had no posterolateral spines and short anterior spines, while their mothers and offspring in subsequent, parthenogenetic generations typically had long posterolateral spines and elongated anterior spines. 4. Newborn stem females survived starvation significantly longer than newborn females from parthenogenetic eggs. 5. When females from resting and parthenogenetic eggs were cultured from birth to death at a high food concentration, the reproductive potential (r day−1) of the stem females was significantly higher (0.82–0.88 versus 0.70), primarily because of egg production at an earlier age. The mean lifetime fecundity (Ro) of stem females was significantly greater than that of females from parthenogenetic eggs. 6. Extensive lipid reserves should increase the ability of stem females to colonise new habitats. Firstly, compared with females from parthenogenetic eggs, stem females are more likely to experience starvation or food limitation. Resting eggs hatch in response to physical and chemical factors that are not directly related to food availability, and from sediments that may be far from food-rich surface waters. Secondly, when food is abundant, stem females have a greater reproductive potential.
Specificity of a porcine 127-kd nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase for articular tissues.

Objective. To determine the tissue specificity of a porcine 127-kd nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPHase) found in vesicles derived from hyaline articular cartilage (ACV). Methods. Homogenates of porcine brain, lung, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, pancreas, spleen, skin, vena cava, marrow, bone (cells), tendon (Achilles), ligament (anterior cruciate), elastic cartilage, meniscus, and hyaline cartilage were analyzed for NTPPHase activity (thymidine monophosphate paranitrophenyl ester substrate) and by Western blot using polyclonal antibodies against 127-kd NTPPHase and against recombinant PC-1, another ecto-NTPPHase. Results. All tissues contained NTPPHase activity; the highest specific activity was found in hyaline articular cartilage, the lowest in brain. ACV-associated 127-kd NTPPHase was expressed in cartilage, ligament, and tendon. PC-1 was also expressed in those tissues and in skin, kidney, bone cells, and (probably) in liver and muscle. Conclusion. The 127-kd NTPPHase appears to be highly specific for articular tissues.
CT fluoroscopy-guided robotically-assisted lung biopsy

Lung biopsy is a common interventional radiology procedure. One of the difficulties in performing the lung biopsy is that lesions move with respiration. This paper presents a new robotically assisted lung biopsy system for CT fluoroscopy that can automatically compensate for the respiratory motion during the intervention. The system consists of a needle placement robot to hold the needle on the CT scan plane, a radiolucent Z-frame for registration of the CT and robot coordinate systems, and a frame grabber to obtain the CT fluoroscopy image in real-time. The CT fluoroscopy images are used to noninvasively track the motion of a pulmonary lesion in real-time. The position of the lesion in the images is automatically determined by the image processing software and the motion of the robot is controlled to compensate for the lesion motion. The system was validated under CT fluoroscopy using a respiratory motion simulator. A swine study was also done to show the feasibility of the technique in a respiring animal.
Mapping vegetation structure for biodiversity analysis using synthetic aperture radar

An integrated remote sensing/field ecology project was carried out to link the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and other remotely sensed data to studies of landscape spatial heterogeneity and bird community ecology as a first step toward applications in predicting biodiversity. P-, L-, and C-band SAR data were collected over a section of the South Alligator River in Kakadu National Park in Australia's Northern Territory as part of the Joint NASA/Australia DC-8 AIRSAR data acquisition campaign in 1993 and the NASA/PACRIM AIRSAR deployment in 1996. The SAR data were analyzed with field data integrating vegetation structure and floristics with bird abundances across a heterogeneous study site that spanned several abrupt habitat edges. Results indicate that SAR data are able to discern structural differences relevant to bird habitat quality within floristically homogeneous stands, while multispectral sensors successfully identified floristic differences among habitat types.
The Toxicity of Insoluble Cerium-144 Inhaled by Beagle Dogs: Non-neoplastic Effects

Abstract Hahn, F. F., Muggenburg, B. A., Snipes M. B. and Boecker, B. B. The Toxicity of Insoluble Cerium-144 Inhaled by Beagle Dogs: Non-neoplastic Effects. The biological effects of inhaled β-particle-emitting radionuclides are not well known. The non-neoplastic diseases induced by an inhaled, relatively insoluble form of cerium-144 (144Ce) were studied in beagle dogs exposed to graded activity levels of 144Ce in fused aluminosilicate particles by a single, brief inhalation exposure and observed for their life span. The initial lung burdens (ILBs) achieved ranged from 0.000093–7.6 MBq 144Ce/kg body weight. The 144Ce was retained in the lung with an effective half-life of about 190 days. Significant 144Ce was translocated to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and the concentration exceeded that of the lung at about 400 days after inhalation exposure. Significant radiation doses were delivered to the lung and tracheobronchial lymph nodes and to the heart adjacent to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Radiat...
Rational design of DNA-actuated enzyme nanoreactors guided by single molecule analysis.

The control of enzymatic reactions using nanoscale DNA devices offers a powerful application of DNA nanotechnology uniquely derived from actuation. However, previous characterization of enzymatic reaction rates using bulk biochemical assays reported suboptimal function of DNA devices such as tweezers. To gain mechanistic insight into this deficiency and to identify design rules to improve their function, here we exploit the synergy of single molecule imaging and computational modeling to characterize the three-dimensional structures and catalytic functions of DNA tweezer-actuated nanoreactors. Our analysis revealed two important deficiencies – incomplete closure upon actuation and conformational heterogeneity. Upon rational redesign of the Holliday junctions located at their hinge and arms, we found that the DNA tweezers could be more completely and uniformly closed. A novel single molecule enzyme assay was developed to demonstrate that our design improvements yield significant, independent enhancements in the fraction of active enzyme nanoreactors and their individual substrate turnover frequencies. The sequence-level design strategies explored here may aid more broadly in improving the performance of DNA-based nanodevices including biological and chemical sensors.
Phase Change Material for Thermal Management in 3D Integrated Circuits Packaging

Effective thermal control and management in three-dimensional electronic packaging are desirable to ensure the heat generated in integrated circuits can be dissipated. Conventional base materials in electronics from substrate to protective layers, due to low coefficient of thermal conductivity, cannot help to cool down the circuits, while such elevated temperature could highly impact the performance of the chips. In this study, phase change material (PCM) is selected for potential applications in thermal management of electronic packaging due to its isothermal nature and high thermal storage capability. PCM based composite is developed through the impregnation technology using highly porous expanded graphite. Heat transfer test results reveal that the PCM based composite displays superior heat storage capacity, while maintaining the favorable feature of thermal and chemical stabilization for electronic applications. Toward the end, the concept of implementation of PCM based composite is proposed in therma...
Judging Thieves of Attention Commentary on “Assessing Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile,” by Strayer, Turrill, Cooper, Coleman, Medeiros-Ward, and Biondi (2015)

The laudable effort by Strayer and his colleagues to derive a systematic method to assess forms of cognitive distraction in the automobile is beset by the problem of nonstationary in driver response capacity. At the level of the overall goal of driving, this problem conflates actual on-road behavior; characterized by underspecified task satisficing, with our own understandable, scientifically inspired aspiration for measuring deterministic performance optimization. Measures of response conceived under this latter imperative are, at best, only shadowy reflections of the actual phenomenological experience involved in real-world vehicle control. Whether we, as a research community, can resolve this issue remains uncertain. However, we believe we can mount a positive attack on what is arguably another equally important dimension of the collision problem.
Analysis of relay based cellular systems

Relays can be used in cellular systems to increase coverage as well as reduce the total power consumed by mobiles in a cell. This latter benefit is particularly useful for mobiles operating on a depleted battery. The relay can be a mobile, a car or any other device with the appropriate communication capabilities. In thesis we analyze the impact of using relays under different situations. We first consider the problem of reducing total power consumed in the system by employing relays intelligently. We find that in a simulated, fully random, mobile cellular network for CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), significant energy savings are possible ranging from 1.76 dB to 8.45 dB. In addition to reducing power needs, relays can increase the coverage area of a cell by enabling mobiles located in dead spots to place relayed calls. We note that use of relays can increase the useful service area by about 10% with real life scenarios. We observe that in heavy building density areas there is more need of relays as compared to low building density areas. However, the chance of finding relays is greater in low building density areas. Indeed, having more available idle nodes helps in choosing relays, so we conclude that unlike present day implementations of cellular networks, the base station should admit more mobiles (beyond the capacity of the cell) even if they are not placing calls since they can be used as relays. One constraint of using relays is the potential to add interference in the same cell and in neighboring cells. This is particularly true if the relays are not under power control. Based on our analysis, we conclude that in interference limited systems like CDMA the relays have to be under power control otherwise we will reduce the total capacity by creating more dead spots. Thus, we believe that either the base station should be responsible to allocate relays or relays should be provided with enough intelligence to do power control of the downlink. Finally, we show how utility of data services can be increased by use of relays.
Angiographic and volumetric effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors on angiomyolipomas in tuberous sclerosis.

Angiographic and volumetric effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors on angiomyolipomas in tuberous sclerosis
The national defense function and federalism: the importance of the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act

Countries with a federalist system of government have different arrangements for providing national security. US national security is provided by national and State defense forces. The quintessential national function – national defense – experienced some changes that enhanced the role of the States. Policy changes in the National Defense Authorization Act of 2008 (2008 NDAA) introduced new roles for the Governors and the State defense forces, or the National Guard. This article explores how the interests of Congress and States aligned in the 2008 NDAA such that the national defense function changed. This article finds that the national government continues to have the central coordinating role, but that the politics and provisions of the 2008 NDAA changed the national–State relationship in mission, decision-making, and command and control so that US federalism in the national defense function is evolving in unexpected ways.
INVITUS INVITAM: A WINDOW ALLUSION IN SUETONIUS' TITUS

Berenicen statim ab urbe dimisit invitus invitam.As for Berenice, he immediately dismissed her from the city against his will, against her will. (Suet. Tit. 7.2) Suetonius' laconic description of Titus' dismissal of his consort, the Herodian Berenice, after his accession to the Principate has attracted the attention of readers across the centuries. The biographer's use of polyptoton, invitus invitam, to describe the mental states of the Roman princeps and Judaean princess has been read as particularly moving. Perhaps most notably, Racine turned the emperor's banishment of his lover into the central dilemma of his tragedy Berenice. At the start of his preface to the text of the play, the dramatist amalgamates this sentence with another from earlier in the chapter, retaining the striking repetition, ‘Titus reginam Berenicen cui etiam nuptias pollicitus ferebatur, statim ab Urbe dimisit invitus invitam’. Racine claims that this account of the dismissal of Berenice provides appropriate subject matter for tragic poetry and, to support his case, he compares Virgil's treatment of the separation of Aeneas and Dido to the situation of Titus and Berenice. Suetonius is not normally read as a literarily sophisticated writer, but we should take a cue from Racine's response to this sentence. In this article, I argue that Suetonius himself chose to compare Titus and Berenice with Dido and Aeneas by an allusion in this sentence to Virgil's Aeneid and to Catullus' translation of the Coma Berenices. Within a rather matter-of-fact presentation of the relationship between the Flavian emperor and his Herodian consort, Suetonius evoked a more dramatic model.
Perceived value and priorities for nursing facility staff training from consultant pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE: Identify areas of key interest for training among nursing facility team members. DESIGN: Cross-sectional; nursing facility team SETTING: Random phone survey of nursing facility health care team PARTICIPANTS: 540 nursing facility team members (practicing in nursing facilities, interacting with > or = 1 consultant pharmacist): 120 medical directors, 210 directors of nursing, and 210 administrators. INTERVENTION: Directors of nursing, medical directors, and administrators were asked to rate their interest in consultant pharmacist's provision of 15 training topics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Participants from each group were asked to select the top three training materials they are most interested in having their consultant pharmacist provide. RESULTS: The top seven selections for training materials were ranked in the top seven for all groups, (medical directors, directors of nursing, administrators, and teams combined) and in particular, the top four were consistently selected by 25% or more of each group. CONCLUSIONS: Previous section survey results indicate that facility staff rate consultant pharmacist performance in the area of training as low. Consultant pharmacists should consider selecting one of the top seven and in particular the top four topics as possible training materials within their facilities.
Endothelial dysfunction in von Willebrand disease: angiogenesis and angiodysplasia

In recent years, new functions for the haemostatic protein von Willebrand Factor (VWF) have emerged. Amongst these is the ability to modulate the development of new blood vessels, a process called angiogenesis. The subtle effects that VWF exerts on blood vessel formation and stability may be relevant for the small but significant fraction of patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) who also present with vascular malformations (angiodysplasia) in the gastrointestinal tract, often responsible for intractable bleeding. This review will briefly summarise the evidence and discuss the molecular pathways involved.
Impact of feedstock quality and variation on biochemical and thermochemical conversion

Abstract The production of biofuels from lignocellulosic feedstock is attracting considerable attention in the United States and globally as a strategy to diversify energy resources, spur regional economic development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Because of the wide variation in feedstock types, compositions and content of convertible organics, there is a growing need to better understand correlations among feedstock quality attributes and conversion performance. Knowledge of the feedstock impact on conversion is essential to supply quality controlled, uniform and on-spec feedstocks to biorefineries. This review paper informs the development of meaningful feedstock quality specifications for different conversion processes. Discussions are focused on how compositional properties of feedstocks affect various unit operations in biochemical conversion processes, fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, future perspectives are discussed that focus on the challenges and prospects of addressing compositionally intrinsic inhibitors through feedstock preprocessing at regionally distributed depots. Such preprocessing depots may allow for the commoditization of lignocellulosic feedstock and realization of stable, cost-effective and quality controlled biomass supply systems.
Television Reform in Saudi Arabia: The Challenges of Transnationalization and Digitization

Media policy in Saudi Arabia has historically been concerned with building a national media system focused on preserving national cohesion and protecting Saudi media and cultural space from external influences, while at the same time developing a pan-Arab media regime enabling Saudi Arabia to project power and influence beyond the kingdom’s borders. Internally, the establishment of television in the 1960s was controversial and met with fierce resistance from conservative opponents; since then television has remained the subject of a moral-political-cultural struggle. Externally, Saudi media clout has grown steadily in the aftermath of the 1991 Gulf War, enabling the royal family and associated businessmen to combine financial gain with political influence. As the satellite era entered its second decade, the precarious equilibrium maintained by the Saudi rulers between internal and external media came under a severe challenge as new media technologies, from satellite broadcasting to social media, eroded the boundaries between the Saudi national sphere on the one hand, and both the pan-Arab sphere and the global realm on the other. Media reform in the past ten years has therefore focused on restoring the balance between on the one hand various Saudi constituents — the Sahwa firebrands,1 conservative clerics, liberal activists, business people — and on the other hand between Saudi Arabia’s internal exigencies, and foreign agenda.
Concluding Thoughts on SF Supervision

But popularity is not truth, nor does it determine value. I believe people overreach many times when promoting models or approaches. Some commit their professional (or even personal) lives to endorsing particular ways of thinking, resulting in their credibility being stretched thin. Others even act deceptively, directing us to watch the staged presentation but bristling when we try to look behind the curtain. Whether one is postmodernist or modernist, evidence based or experiential, promoting a viewpoint should not involve prohibiting careful examination by others. At the same time, proponents of opposing views should not dismiss my own based only on their private evaluative criteria. Before you leave this paragraph completely confused, let me attempt to clarify with a few examples and then bring it back to SF supervision.
Receding Horizon Multi-UAV Cooperative Tracking of Moving RF Source

In this letter, a receding horizon path planning algorithm is introduced for unmanned aerial vehicle swarms to cooperatively localize a moving radio frequency transmitter. In the core of the proposed algorithm is a model to predict the Fisher information matrix. Using this prediction model, we formulate the most favorable course of action to solve the path planning using local optimization, which helps the system as a whole to achieve the goal over a finite receding horizon. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by comparing the proposed mechanism with the non-predictive cooperative technique through computer simulation. It is shown that the expected estimation error can be significantly reduced using the proposed method.
Improving institutional review of community-based participatory research applications.

By privileging traditional research methods in forms for research protocol approval, IRBs can unknowingly allow community partners to be harmed in CBPR. Changes to the language can help ensure appropriate sensitivity and community involvement. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Trends in Mediation Analysis in Nursing Research: Improving Current Practice:

The purpose of this study was to describe common approaches used by nursing researchers to test mediation models and evaluate them within the context of current methodological advances. MEDLINE was used to locate studies testing a mediation model and published from 2004 to 2015 in nursing journals. Design (experimental/correlation, cross-sectional/longitudinal, model complexity) and analysis (method, inclusion of test of mediated effect, violations/discussion of assumptions, sample size/power) characteristics were coded for 456 studies. General trends were identified using descriptive statistics. Consistent with findings of reviews in other disciplines, evidence was found that nursing researchers may not be aware of the strong assumptions and serious limitations of their analyses. Suggestions for strengthening the rigor of such studies and an overview of current methods for testing more complex models, including longitudinal mediation processes, are presented.
Psychometric properties of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP) with adjudicated DUI intervention participants

We used responses of two large samples of court-ordered participants from a statewide alcohol/driving safety program to investigate factor structure, score reliability, and criterion-related validity of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, using both item-level and subscore-level data, support a one-factor structure for the SIP. Internal consistency score reliability estimates were consistent across samples and high enough to warrant use for making decisions about individuals. Item response theory model calibration of the scale, using a two-parameter logistic model, yielded consistent estimates of location and discrimination (slope) across samples. Estimated scale scores correlated moderately with an independent indicator of alcohol problems and poorly with an indicator of risky driving behavior, lending evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. We judge the SIP as adequately described by a single factor, that the joint person-item scale is coherent, and scores behave consistently across samples. (PsycINFO Database Record
Content development as multimodal editing in the web 2.0 workplace

In this paper we argue that mobile, design, content, and social media technologies are fundamentally transforming the role of the content developer in the workplace away from the originator of content and toward the more agile and iterative role of multimodal editor. We present observations from over 100 hours of embedded workplace research shadowing nine different professional communicators to show the importance of viewing content development through the lens of multimodal editing as a way of describing the rapidly iterative, detailed, product-oriented kind of work happening within a variety of constraints (time, genre, technology, etc.). We suggest ways teachers and practitioners should consider shifting our assumptions about the writing/content development process and modifying how we prepare our students for this kind of work in the classroom.
Modelling of Constitutive Relationship of Steel Fiber-Concrete Interface

Abstract In this chapter, the modelling of constitutive relationship of steel-concrete interface is discussed. Studies of the interfacial zone between steel and bulk cementitious matrix demonstrated that the properties of this special region could be much different from the behavior of the bulk matrix and thus should be used as a physical background for the interface modelling. Various characterizations of steel-concrete interface are reviewed. In general, the constitutive relationship of steel-concrete interface can be divided into two categories according to the consideration of adhesion. If one assumes that adhesion exists on a part of the interface, then the constitutive relationship can be established by treating the interface as a bonded-debonded case. Otherwise, so called slip-based interface model, in which the constitutive equation is based on the bond stress-slip relationship, can be applied. For the bonded-debonded interface model, the constitutive equations are established by dividing the interface, corresponding to the bonded and the debonded regions. For the debonded case, three different methods of describing frictional force, i.e. constant frictional force distribution, Coulomb frictional force distribution and cohesive frictional force distribution, are examined. In this chapter, the constitutive relationship for bonded-debonded interface is emphasized and two criteria for interface debonding, stress based criterion and fracture parameter based criterion, are inspected. The various constitutive relationships are further evaluated by comparing them with the recently conducted Moire Interferometry test results. The comparison supports the bonded-debonded characterization for steel-concrete interface and shows the limitation of the modelling of frictional force in a debonded region.
An analog SAT solver based on a deterministic dynamical system

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT), the first problem proven to be NP-complete, is intractable on digital computers based on the von Neumann architecture. An efficient SAT solver can benefit many applications such as artificial intelligence, circuit design, and functional verification. Recently, a SAT solver approach based on a deterministic, continuous-time dynamical system (CTDS) was introduced [1]. This approach shows polynomial analog time-complexity on even the hardest k-SAT (k ≥ 3) problem instances, but at an energy cost dependent on exponentially growing auxiliary variables. This paper reports a novel analog hardware SAT solver, AC-SAT, implementing the CTDS via incorporating novel, analog circuit design ideas. AC-SAT is intended to be used as a co-processor and is programmable for handling different problem specifications. Furthermore, with its modular design, AC-SAT can be readily extended to solve larger size problems. SPICE simulation results show that AC-SAT can indeed solve the SAT problems, and it has speedup factors of ∼104 on even the hardest 3-SAT problems, when compared with a state-of-the-art SAT solver on digital computers.
Microglia limit lesion expansion and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a robust intraspinal inflammatory reaction that is dominated by at least two major subpopulations of macrophages, i.e., those derived from resident microglia and another from monocytes that infiltrate the injury site from the circulation. Previously, we implicated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) as effectors of acute post-injury pathology after SCI; however, it is still unclear whether microglia also contribute to lesion pathology. Assigning distinct functional roles to microglia and MDMs in vivo has been difficult because these CNS macrophage subsets are morphologically and phenotypically similar. Here, to characterize the role that microglia play in experimental models of thoracic spinal contusion or lumbar crush injury, mice were fed vehicle chow or chow laced with a CSF1R receptor antagonist, PLX5622. Feeding PLX5622 depletes microglia. In both groups, spontaneous recovery of hindlimb motor function was evaluated for up to 8 weeks post-SCI using open-field and horizontal ladder tests. Histopathological assessment of intraspinal pathology was assessed in 8 week post-injury tissues. In both SCI models, microglia depletion exacerbated lesion pathology and impaired spontaneous recovery of hind limb function. Notably, the loss of microglia prevented astroglial encapsulation of the lesion core, which was associated with larger lesions, enhanced demyelination and neuron loss and a larger inflammatory response that was dominated by monocyte-derived macrophages. The neuroprotective and healing properties of microglia become obvious in the subacute phases of recovery; microglia depletion up to 7 days post-injury (dpi) had no apparent effect on recovery while delayed depletion from 8-28dpi exacerbated lesion pathology and significantly impaired functional recovery. These data suggest that microglia have essential tissue repair functions after SCI. Selective enhancement of microglial activities may be a novel strategy to preserve tissue and promote recovery of function after neurotrauma.
Sustaining change and defining the patient experience: A systemwide initiative to re-evaluate goals for timely patient navigation through medical oncology and infusion in a comprehensive cancer center.

e18875Background: In 2012, Norris Cotton Cancer Center in Lebanon, started a multi-year system-wide improvement process that addressed poor and inconsistent performance in infusion, clinic, and pha...
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) uptake by marine phytoplankton

The time-courses of uptake for 2,4,5,2′,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB) by 11 marine phytoplankton species were measured and found to be rapid, with equilibration occurring within 0.5 to 2.0 h. These data were described with the empirical Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The relationship between cell density and accumulation of PCBs was also investigated. Concentration factors on a volume per volume basis ranged from 1.23x104 to 2.41x106 for the 11 algal species examined. These values are comparable in magnitude to factors reported previously for phytoplankton in natural marine systems.
Apolipoprotein C-III and its defined lipoprotein subspecies in relation to incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a small proinflammatory protein that may play a key role in diabetes pathophysiology. However, prior observational studies have been limited to predominantly white populations, and the biological links between apoC-III and diabetes, particularly the role of apoC-III on specific lipoprotein particles, are not yet well understood. We therefore investigated associations of total apoC-III and apoC-III-defined lipoprotein subspecies with incident diabetes and glucose metabolism measures in a multi-ethnic cohort. For the current analyses, baseline (2000–2002) plasma total apoC-III and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations of HDL containing or lacking apoC-III were newly measured via sandwich ELISA in 4579 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Multivariable Cox regression was used to examine associations of apolipoproteins with incident diabetes until early 2012 (567 cases), and linear mixed models were used to estimate associations with longitudinally assessed continuous measures of glucose metabolism. Similar exploratory analyses of plasma apolipoprotein B concentrations of LDL and VLDL containing or lacking apoC-III were performed in a subset of participants (LDL, n = 1545; VLDL, n = 1526). In the overall population, elevated total apoC-III concentrations were associated with a higher rate of diabetes (top vs bottom quintile, HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.42, 2.47; ptrend = 0.0002). ApoC-III-defined HDL subspecies displayed opposing associations with incidence of diabetes (p for heterogeneity = 0.02). While HDL lacking apoC-III was inversely associated with incidence of diabetes (top vs bottom quintile, HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.93; ptrend = 0.002), HDL containing apoC-III was not associated (HR 1.11; 95% CI 0.78, 1.58; ptrend = 0.61). Similarly, only HDL lacking apoC-III was beneficially associated with plasma glucose (ptrend = 0.003), HbA1c (ptrend = 0.04) and insulin sensitivity (ptrend < 0.0001), and higher HDL containing apoC-III was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (ptrend = 0.04). Neither of the apoC-III-defined LDL subspecies was associated with incident diabetes, while VLDL was more strongly associated with the incidence of diabetes when it lacked apoC-III. Further adjustment for plasma triacylglycerols as a potential intermediate attenuated the associations of total apoC-III and apoC-III-defined lipoprotein subspecies. No statistically significant differences were observed across racial/ethnic groups. Our findings in a multi-ethnic population support the involvement of apoC-III in the development of diabetes, potentially through its association with circulating triacylglycerols. The presence of apoC-III on HDL also diminished the protective association of HDL with incident diabetes. Further investigation of apoC-III and apoC-III-defined HDL subspecies may inform the development of novel diabetes treatment and prevention strategies.
The effects of shame on subsequent reactions to a trauma analog.

Abstract The current study examined the effects of experimentally-induced shame on subsequent reactions to a trauma analog. Participants were 88 college-aged women randomly assigned to a shame prime condition or to a control (neutral) condition. Participants then were presented with an analog trauma audiotape depicting dating violence. Participants reported intrusive thoughts relating to the trauma analog in the two days following the procedure. Negative (shame, guilt) and positive (pride, positive affect) emotions were monitored throughout the procedure. Results indicated that the shame prime successfully increased shame in the Shame condition alone. After the trauma analog, increases in shame were noted in both conditions. In contrast, guilt reduced in the Shame condition, while this emotion increased in the Control condition, contrary to hypothesis. Shame and guilt were somewhat volatile for participants in the Shame condition in the two days following the lab procedure, while individuals in the Control condition reported steadily decreasing levels of these emotions. No between-condition differences were noted in the frequency of intrusions in the two days following the laboratory procedure, contrary to hypothesis. Results are discussed in light of our current understanding of shame and its role in PTSD, with suggestions to guide future research.
Bariatric surgery is associated with reduction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity matched analysis.

Abstract Introduction Obesity is a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bariatric surgery can provide durable weight-loss, but little is known about the later development of NASH and HCC after surgery. Methods Bariatric surgery (n = 3,410) and obese controls (n = 46,873) from an institutional data repository were propensity score matched 1:1 by demographics, comorbidities, BMI, and socioeconomic factors. Comparisons were made through paired univariate analysis and conditional logistic regression. Results Total of 4,112 patients were well matched with no significant baseline differences except initial BMI (49.0 vs 48.2, p = 0.04). Bariatric group demonstrated fewer new-onset NASH (6 0.0% vs 10.3%, p Conclusions Bariatric surgery is associated with reduced incidence of NASH and HCC in this large propensity matched cohort. This further supports the use of bariatric surgery for morbidly obese patients to ameliorate NASH cirrhosis and development of HCC.
An improved method for examining fat taste

The detection of fat taste in humans requires the delivery of hydrophobic stimuli to the oral cavity. Due to their low solubility in water, these fat taste stimuli are difficult to administer to test subjects by means of aqueous solutions or dispersions. These hydrophobic stimuli are also difficult to prepare in sufficient amounts to generate an appreciable chemosensory response. An improved procedure for preparing thin edible strips that contain 18-carbon fatty acids as representative fat taste stimuli is described. This protocol includes the addition of low amounts of the dispersing agent xanthan gum and high drying temperature during film formation. These edible strips can be prepared in 4–5 h, are highly flexible, and evenly disperse long-chain fatty acids at micromole amounts. Due to the rapid dissolving time of these strips in the oral cavity, this delivery method generates minimal tactile responses. Psychophysical studies with edible strips indicate that nearly all individuals detected linoleic acid, with intensity responses in the weak to moderate range. Fewer individuals perceived stearic acid, with most intensity responses in the barely detectable range. Both fatty acids caused a fatty/oily or bitter taste response in the majority of test subjects. Finally, these intensity responses allowed the development of edible circles for regional testing of the tongue. This novel delivery method for hydrophobic stimuli should be useful for examining human fat taste perception, characterizing variations in fat taste perception, and identifying the emerging role of fat taste in human health.
Challenges when Auditing Cryptocurrencies

The novelty, ambiguity, and the lack of official guidance surrounding cryptocurrency transactions impose additional audit risks that should be considered during client-acceptance and retention and ...
Material composition and heat treatment related influences in resisting rolling contact fatigue under WEC damage conditions

Abstract In this study, different microstructures were generated in steels by varying the heat treat parameters and were tested under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and under specific test conditions known to cause white etching cracks (WECs). Case carburized AISI 3310 steel showed significantly longer fatigue life than martensitically through-hardened 52100 steel. In addition, this study examined carburized steel that had been heat treated differently and RCF tested. The 3310 steel was carburized at a lower carbon potential and subsequently, the carburized steel was austenitized at a lower temperature so that lesser solute quantities had dissolved into the austenite phase prior to the quench step. The carburized steel samples with less solute dissolution showed higher hardness and more compressive stresses than the original carburized steel; however, they showed 75% shorter RCF life than the original carburized steel. These results suggest that solid solution strengthening is a significant contributor to fatigue resistance under WEC damage conditions.