cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Suppress Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression in Glioma Cell Lines and Primary Cultures of Neural Crest Cells

Abstract Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a heparin-binding protein implicated in the differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance of cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Methods for modulating bFGF expression would, therefore, be useful for examining the function(s) of bFGF in neural tissue. Here we evaluate the effects of bFGF-specific antisense oligonucleotides on bFGF expression in two distinct cell culture systems. The first culture system employed an established human glioma cell line expressing hl~h levels of bFGF protein. Inhibition of bFGF expression in this system by antisense oligonucleotides inhibited bFGFs mitogenic effects. The second system utilized primary cultures derived from peripheral nerve explants. in these cultures, neural crest-derived melanocyte/Schwann cell progenitors from peripheral nerve undergo a transformation into melanocytes in response to treatment with bFGF or phorbol esters. Antisense primers directed to two different sites of bFGF mRNA suppressed this phorbol este-rinduced melanogenesis in peripheral nerve explants in a saturable and specific manner. Sense strand primers or sequence-scrambled antisense primers were ineffective in this regard. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that only antisense primers significantly reduced the specific activity of bFGF protein in glioma cell or phorbol ester-treated peripheral nerve culture extracts, confirming that these antisense oligonucleotides interfered with bFGF protein expression.The application of FGF-specific antisense primers should prove useful in elucidating the role of FGF family members in nervous system development and maintenance.
Memory Skill Acquisition for Young and Old Adults: Does Training Order Affect Learning?

The purpose of the present experiment was to identify the effects of altering the order of training for a memory search task in old and young adults. We provided subjects with extensive practice on consistently mapped (CM) and variably mapped (VM) versions of a memory search task. Half of the subjects in each age group received CM training followed by VM training and the other half received VM first followed by CM. Based on previous findings (Fisk, Rogers, and Giambra, 1990), in which older adults did not switch to a more efficient search strategy (i. e., from serial exhaustive to serial self-terminating) we predicted that older subjects who received VM training first would not adopt the most efficient strategy on subsequent CM training compared to old adults who received the CM training first. The results supported our prediction: namely, the comparison slopes were shallower (i. e., more efficient) for the older adults who received CM training first, relative to those who received VM training prior to th...
The Relation between Growth Velocity and Serum Somatomedin C Concentration

The relation between serum somatomedin C (SmC) concentration and growth velocity [gain in height (ΔH)] was investigated in five normal children, four GH-deficient (GHD) children, and five girls with Turner syndrome (TS), three of whom had the karyotype 45Χ and two of whom had the karyotype 46, Xi(Xq). At the beginning of the 12-to 20-month study, all subjects were 8-10 yr old. The normal children received no treatment. After a 6-month control period, the GHD group received 0.04 U human GH (hGH)/kg-day for 6 months, then 0.08 U hGH/kg-day for 6 months. The group with TS received during successive 4-month periods: no treatment, oxandrolone (0.125 mg/kg-day), hGH (0.08 U/kg-day), and oxandrolone plus hGH. Serum SmC and height were measured monthly in all subjects. In the normal children, SmC fluctuated between 0.47-3.10 U/ml, with an average of 1.32, and AH varied between 0.0-1.2 cm/ month, with an average of 0.42. SmC and AH were significantly correlated in all children (0.62 < r < 0.92), and were related b...
Glomerulonephritis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Glomerulonephritis is rarely a complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite the observation of significant amounts of circulating immune complexes in both glomerulonephritis and RA (1). Among 5,232 patients with a diagnosis of RA, hospitalized at the UCLA Center for the Health Sciences from 1955 to 1977, glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in only 4 patients, all of whom also met diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus or mixed connective tissue disease. We present a well documented case of proliferative glomerulonephritis in association with RA in the absence of another immunologically mediated disease.
A variational Bayesian model for user intent detection

Intent detectors in state-of-the-art spoken language understanding systems are often trained with a small number of manually annotated examples collected from the application domain. Search query logs provide a large number of unlabeled queries that would be beneficial to improve such supervised classification. Furthermore, the contents of user queries as well as the clicked URLs provide information about user's intent. In this paper, we propose a variational Bayesian approach for modeling latent intents of user queries and clicked URLs when available. We use this model to enhance supervised intent classification of user queries from conversational interactions. Experiments were run with large volumes of search queries and show significant improvements over state-of-the-art systems.
Design and Analysis of a Gyroscopically Controlled Micro Air Vehicle

Micro air vehicles have emerged as a popular option for diverse robotic and teleoperated applications in both open terrain and urban environments because of their inherent stealth and portability. To perform many of the tasks envisioned for micro air vehicles, agility is essential. To date, research efforts to improve agility have focused primarily on constructing complex controllers to enable existing vertical-take-off- and-landing vehicles, such as remote-controlled helicopters and quadrotors, to perform aerobatic maneuvers autonomously. In this work, we adopt a system-level perspective and analyze a new design for a rotary-wing micro air vehicle that utilizes gyroscopic dynamics for attitude control. Unlike traditional vehicles where attitude control moments are generated by aerodynamic control surfaces, the proposed vehicle will leverage the existing angular momentum of its counter rotating components. This paradigm has the potential to yield significant increases in agility when compared to state-of-the-art micro vertical take-off and landing vehicles. The proposed design reduces mechanical complexity by precluding the use of complex mechanisms, such as the swashplate. The capacity to rapidly generate large gyroscopic control moments, coupled with the precision gained from eliminating the need for complex and restrictive aerodynamic models, improves both agility and adaptability. We present the development of a gyroscopically controlled micro air vehicle including comprehensive models of the dynamics and the aerodynamics with an emphasis on the design and analysis of such systems. A dynamics simulator that incorporates these models and mechanical hardware solutions to challenges that arose during prototyping will also be presented.
Stability tests in error correction models

Abstract This paper derives the asymptotic distribution of the fluctuations test of Ploberger-Kramer-Kontrus (1989) in a reduced rank error correction model with nonstationary variables. We show how the fluctuations test is constructed in this case where the coefficient matrix being tested is singular. The test converges to a sum of tied-down Bessel processes whose critical values are tabulated in Andrews (1993) . We also show how the fluctuations test is affected by misspecification of the rank (i.e., by misspecification of the number of stationary relationships in the model). In particular, the test over accepts (over rejects) the null of stability when the true rank is under (over) specified. Because the test is sensitive to correct specification of the rank, we also propose tests for rank stability. The test requires separate treatment for the case that there are more/less cointegrating vectors at some point in time. In this case the test takes the form of the LR/LM test. The LR test is simply a pointwise version of Johansen's LR test for rank determination while the LM test is an application of Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin's (1992) test for stationarity.
Analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the β-amyloid precursor protein gene that contributes to increased promoter activity in differentiated neuronal cells

Abstract To study the transcription control of the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we functionally characterized the βAPP gene promoter in differentiated cells. PC12 cells were first differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF) and then transient transfection analysis was done with a series of 5′-deletion constructs, that extended as far upstream as −7900 down to +104 base pair (bp) relative to the transcription start site (+1). The truncated regions of the promoter were linked upstream to a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). The CAT assay was performed to compare promoter activity of different 5′-flanking and intronic regions of the βAPP gene. Our results suggest that the longest (−7900/+104) and one of the shortest (−47/+104) regions possessed significantly higher levels of promoter activity than the promoterless vector in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. A deletion of about 7600 bp region from the −7900 to +104 construct resulted in 50% loss of original promoter activity. A deletion of all but 47 bp from the −7900 to +104 construct resulted in the loss of 66% (and retention of 34%) promoter activity. The region −3416/+104 bp displayed the strongest promoter activity whereas +1/+104 bp showed the least activity among all deletion constructs studied. The upstream region −5529 to −3416 contains a negative regulatory element and −3416 to −1131 contains a positive regulatory element. The very upstream region, −7900 to −3411, lacks independent functional activity. The 5′-UTR region (+1 to +104) showed minimum activity and the −75 to +104 region constitutes the basic promoter element. The first exon or a large part of the first intron (+99 to +6200) did not display any significant promoter activity. Thus, several positive and negative regulatory elements influence the basal level of βAPP promoter activity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. We speculate that any structural alteration(s) due to a specific mutation in these regulatory regions can potentially alter the transcriptional machinery, and that can perhaps affect the level of β-amyloid protein involved in AD.
Extension theory and finite products of copies of [0,Ω)

Abstract We study products of the first uncountable ordinal space [ 0 , Ω ) with itself. We show that any product of copies of [ 0 , Ω ) is pseudo-compact and note the classical result that any countable product of copies of [ 0 , Ω ) is normal. Our Main Result yields that if X is a finite product of copies of [ 0 , Ω ) , Z is a compact metrizable space, and K is a CW-complex with K an absolute extensor for Z , then K is an absolute extensor for Y = Z × X . It will also show that K is an absolute extensor for the Stone–Cech compactification, β ( Y ) , of Y .
Time-Resolved Mass-Spectrometric Study on Infrared Laser Photodesorption of Ammonia from Cu(100)

Pulsed-infrared-laser time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been applied to investigate photodesorption of N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ adsorbed on a Cu(100) surface at 90 K. Desorption from monolayer and multilayer surface coverages due to resonant ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}$ stretching vibrational excitation has been observed. Both single-photon and multiphoton excitation processes are examined and the molecule-surface interaction dynamics associated with the desorption phenomenon is discussed.
Cathode structure for indirectly heated, narrow, ellongated oxide cathodes

Summary form only given, as follows. In special electronic devices a flat, elongated, cathode is required which may be six to eight inches long and 1/8 inch or more wide. For successful operation this structure must be held firmly in position and maintain its geometry. This objective has been achieved by mounting two telescoping U-channels on a sapphire rod and placing the heater in the interspace. The structure is simplified when one channel is replaced by square-cross-section tubing to which the second channel is spot-welded or brazed. The sapphire or ceramic rod is supported at its ends by suitable brackets which permit free sliding of the rod on heating.
GROWTH FALTERING DURING EARLY INFANCY AND LACTATION INADEQUACY

To determine whether growth faltering during early infancy was attributable to inadequate lactation, we measured milk production and composition in 30 rural Indian women living in Capulhana, Mexico. Milk production and maternal total body water (TBW) were measured by the dose-to-the-mother 2H dilution method at 4 and 6 mo postpartum. Energy, protein, lactose, and fat in human milk were analyzed by standard techniques. Maternal and infant anthropometric measurements were taken serially. Mean (SD) maternal weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were 50.3(6.0) kg, 147(6.0) cm, and 23.4(3.1), respectively. Infant weight gain averaged 16(3) g/d at 4 mo and 8(3) g/d at 6 mo. Milk production rates were 825(126) g/d at 4 mo and 838(94) g/d at 6 mo. Energy, protein N, lactose, and fat levels in human milk were 0.55(0.07) kcal/g, 1.24(0.16) mg/g, 66.6(2.9) mg/g, and 2.2(0.6) mg/g, respectively. Maternal weight was a significant determinant of infant weight gain (r=.44, p<0.01). Maternal weight, BMI, and TBW were significantly correlated with milk concentrations of energy and fat (p<0.01). Milk production rates tended to be inversely correlated with maternal weight, BMI, and milk concentrations of energy and fat. These relatively high milk production rates only partially compensated for the low concentrations of milk fat. Growth faltering in this population may be partially attributed to lactation inadequacy.
Fluorescence quantum efficiencies of halogen-substituted benzoic acid isomers

Abstract The fluorescence of halogen-substituted benzoic acid isomers is enhanced by the addition of an aliphatic acid to chloroform as the solvent. The molar absorptivities of these isomers ar the wavelength of maximum absorbance are reported. The fluorescence quantum efficiencies of the fluorescent species from these isomers in 5% acetic acid/ chloroform are also reported.
X-rays observed from plutonium in the wavelength region from 8 to 75 Å∗

Abstract The wavelengths are reported for nine N-series X-rays from plutonium metal in the wavelength region from 8 to 75 A∗. Possible transitions for these spectra have been suggested on the basis of previously published wavelengths for K-, L- and M-series spectra.
The enzymatic content of the venoms of the sea nettle and the Portuguese man-o'-war.

Abstract 1. 1. Venoms from Chrysaora quinquecirrha and Physalia physalis were screened for enzyme content. 2. 2. Chrysaora venom contained at least seven enzymes whereas six were shown to be present in Physalia venom. 3. 3. The enzymatic content of these jellyfish is similar with slight variations. 4. 4. Gradient centrifugation of nematocyst preparations was necessary to remove extraneous tentacular materials from the nematocyst suspension.
Reaction of silicon with films of CoNi alloys: Phase separation of the monosilicides and nucleation of the disilicides

Abstract CoNi alloy films with compositions varying from 5 to 95 at.% Co were deposited onto silicon substrates by evaporation from electron beam sources. After annealing, the reaction products were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction as a function of the annealing temperature (from 450 to 750 °C). The silicide formation is influenced by the isomorphism of the compounds Co2Si and Ni2Si, and CoSi2 and NiSi2, and the lack of isomorphism of CoSi and NiSi. It is observed that the formation of the monosilicides is accompanied by a non-uniform distribution of the metallic elements as a function of depth. The formation of the alloyed disilicides always occurs at temperatures much lower than those required to form NiSi2 from pure nickel. For most cases the alloyed disilicides form at temperatures even lower than that required for the formation of CoSi2 (pure). The position where the formation of the disilicides begins varies with the composition of the alloys. In some cases the initial formation of the disilicide occurs at the free surface and is followed by inward growth; in other cases this occurs inside the complex monosilicide layer. Such effects illustrate quite dramatically the importance of nucleation phenomena in the formation of these disilicides. Nucleation of the disilicide phase at the interface between CoSi and NiSi is attributed to the contribution of the entropy of mixing to the driving force for the transformation, clearly illustrating the importance of entropy in some classes of solid state reactions.
Reflections on Diversity--A Personal Journey.

This is a reflection on my life experience as a woman of color. I teach Spanish courses as well as teacher preparation courses. I know what it was like to grow up in a nearly all Black community, then move to one which was almost exclusively White. As an adult looking back on my childhood, I believe that it is especially important that culturally and linguistically diverse teachers are present in schools. As a professor, I see few teachers of color in foreign language courses at the university level as well as the P–12 levels. P–16 institutions boast of being more receptive to culturally and linguistically diverse students. Role models are important for all children. However, there are few positive role models for culturally and linguistically diverse children. If the goal is to get culturally and linguistically diverse children to succeed academically, then positive and diverse role models are needed in U.S. classrooms.
Chemical composition and size distributions of coastal aerosols observed on the US East Coast

Abstract Characterization of coastal aerosols is important to the study of the atmospheric input of nutrients to the adjacent marine and the ocean ecosystems. Over a land–ocean transition zone, however, aerosol composition could be strongly modified by anthropogenic emissions and transport processes. This work focuses on examining aerosol properties, in particular chemical composition, particle-size distributions and iron (Fe) solubility, over the US East Coast, an important boundary for the transport of continental substances from North America to the North Atlantic Ocean. Fourteen sets of bulk aerosol samples and three sets of size-segregated aerosol samples were collected in southern New Jersey on the US East Coast during 2007 and 2008. Samples were analyzed by IC, ICP-MS and UV spectroscopy. The major chemical components were nitrate, non-sea-salt sulfate (NSS-sulfate), ammonium, sodium and chloride, accounting for ∼ 70% of the total mass. A typical bimodal mass-size distribution was observed, with the major peak from 0.36 µm to 0.56 µm and the minor one from 3.6 µm to 5.6 µm in diameters. Different individual components showed different mass-size distributions. Pollution-derived substances, such as vanadium and NSS-sulfate of non-biogenic origin, were mostly in the fine mode, while crustal elements, such as aluminum and iron, were mainly in the coarse mode. At this location, the concentrations of soluble ferrous species (Fe(II)s) in aerosols ranged from 50 to 518 pmol m − 3 , accounting for ∼ 17% of the total Fe (Fe T ) mass in bulk samples. The average Fe solubility observed at this location was 18%, higher than those over remote oceans. Fe solubility showed an inverse correlation with Fe T concentrations, which could be the result of different particle sizes. In addition, high Fe solubility was associated with high molar ratios of NSS-sulfate to Fe T and oxalate to Fe T , indicating that inorganic and organic acidic components and anthropogenic emissions may highly affect Fe solubility in this region.
Mapping arbitrary logic functions into synchronous embedded memories for area reduction on FPGAs

This work describes a new mapping technique, RAM-MAP, that identifies parts of circuits that can be efficiently mapped into the synchronous embedded memories found on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Previous techniques developed for mapping into asynchronous embedded memories cannot be used because modern FPGAs do not have asynchronous embedded memories. After technology mapping, an area-prediction cost function is used to guide the selection of logic cones to be placed in embedded memories. Extra logic is added to compensate for missing asynchronous functionality on the synchronous memories. Experiments conducted on Altera's Stratix device family indicate that this embedded memory mapping technique can provide an average area reduction of 6.2% and up to 32.5% on a large set of industrial designs. A small architecture change that increases the size of the FPGA fabric by 0.05% can increase the average area reduction to 14.1% and up to 59.1% on the same design set.
Persistence of Residues of Dasanit and Three of Its Metabolites in Coastal Bermudagrass, Forage Corn, and Corn Silage

Coastal bermudagrass and forage corn were treated with Dasanit®, O, O -diethyl O -[ P -(methylsulfinyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate, EC at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb/AI acre and sampled 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days posttreatment. Quartsize glass-jar corn silage was made from the 1-day posttreatment sampling. Residue analyses showed a gradual oxidation in the field to the 3 metabolites (mostly P = S, SO2 and P = O, SO2)' After 28 days of weathering, total residues remaining in grass and corn treated at the highest level (5.96 and 2.80 in. of rainfall, respectively) were about 4 and 7 ppm (wet basis), respectively. In the corn-silage tests, the residues were essentially stable during a 30-day aging period held at 85°F.
David Rabe and the female figure: The body in the boom boom room

The closing scene of David Rate's play In the Boom Boom Room employs a female nude in its rhetorical attack on sexism; the principal character resigns herself to the emotional and economic pressures of the male dominated order and appears finally on stage as a topless dancer. Although Rabe's play clearly evinces a didactic aspect, one that argues for female advancement, the work may reproduce the oppression it repudiates. The play's formal style and structure may involve an element of subjection, whereby the female figure experiences a textual appropriation. Nonetheless, Rabe's play works oppositionally in that the nude actor may also incite a kind of disruption. In Chrissy's go‐go dance, the fictive (signified) component of the character is suppressed and displaced by the material (signifier) aspect of the performer's own body—this phenomenon may promise the overthrow of textual authority and the expression of female agency. This essay in essence explores the equivocal implications of Chrissy's enactment...
Vigil network data now online

A project is under way to publish Vigil Network data on the World Wide Web, paving the way for the data to become a widely known, convenient resource for scientists interested in studying the effects of global climatic change. The network, a system of small sites and drainage basins where geomorphic, hydrologic, and biological data are periodically collected, was established in the early 1960s to address the need for long-term, broad-spectrum data collection and study [Leopold, 1962]. Network data are currently archived on microfiche held at various repositories, and the situation makes it difficult for many scientists. Researchers must either visit a repository in person to view and print the data and reports or request hard copies of site records. Repositories are at libraries of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Reston,Virginiasemi; Denver, Coloradosemi; and Menlo Park, California. Data are also archived at the Department of Physical Geography, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden, and at the Jewish National and Hebrew University Library, Jerusalem, Israel.
Bragg waveguide ultrasound detectors

Polymer Bragg grating waveguides (BGWs) are demonstrated as ultrasound detectors. The device is fabricated by a direct electron beam lithography technique using an epoxy-based photoresist as the core material, with grating features fabricated on the side walls of the rib waveguide. The main motivation for this design is the linear geometry of the device, which can be used in a linear array, facilitating high-frequency ultrasound imaging. The fabricated BGW device has a cross-sectional area of 1.5 × 1.5 μm and the grating length is 500 μm. The optical resonance spectrum is measured and compared with a theoretical model. The BGW device is experimentally demonstrated for the detection of ultrasound waves emitted by a 25-MHz transducer. Detection sensitivity depends on optimal grating design for a steep resonance. The extension of a single-element BGW device to a linear array using optical wavelength division multiplexing is presented. The results demonstrate the potential use of BGW devices in highly compact array of optoacoustic detectors for high-sensitivity ultrasound detection and photoacoustic imaging.
Interparental Agreement on Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Behavior Problems: A Meta-analysis

Previous studies have addressed the degree of correspondence between interparental reports of children's behavior problems, but have not examined the discrepancies in these reports. A meta-analysis containing 60 studies and 126 independent effect sizes was conducted. Results suggest that maternal and paternal ratings exhibit moderate correspondence in ratings of internalizing behavior problems in children and large correspondence in ratings of externalizing and total behavior problems in children. In terms of discrepancy of reports, parents reported similar levels of all types of problems. Age, gender, and socioeconomic status were found to moderate correspondence between mothers’ and fathers’ ratings but did not moderate discrepancies in mothers’ and fathers’ ratings.
In vivo rabbit eyecup preparation for use in retinal research.

Purpose To develop an in vivo rabbit eyecup preparation that preserves neuronal and vascular connections with normal posterior segment contour, permitting direct access to the retina and facilitating retinal microsurgical and neuroscience research. Methods Cyanoacrylate glue was applied to the anterior sclera of six Dutch-belted rabbits before open-sky vitrectomy. The glue was used to harden the compliant scleral wall and to fix it to the surrounding periorbital tissues. Results A normal contour of the posterior segment was retained in all cases. Vitrectomy under air was successfully accomplished and an extensive removal of the vitreous gel was achieved. Fluorescein angiography revealed normal vascular patency of the retinal vessels after vitrectomy. Conclusions The proposed modification of the rabbit eyecup retains the normal neurovascular connections and configuration of the retina, making it suitable for retinal microsurgical maneuvers or any procedures in which easy access to anatomically undisturbed retina is required.
The influence of crack trapping on the toughness of fiber reinforced composites

Frictional crack bridging is the main mechanism of toughening in brittle fiber\brittle matrix composites. In addition, the fibers may have a second beneficial effect : they tend to trap cracks propagating through the solid, and may cause them to arrest. The effectiveness of crack trapping increases with the fracture toughness of the interface between fibers and matrix. In contrast, crack bridging tends to be more effective if the interface between fibers and matrix has a low fracture toughness. In this paper, we study the competing effects of crack trapping and bridging in a brittle fiber\brittle matrix composite. A numerical method is used to predict in three dimensions the path of a crack as it bypasses rows of fibers in an ideally brittle matrix. The results are used to deduce the influence of crack trapping on the toughness of the composite. In addition, a simple model of frictional crack bridging is used to compare the relative effects of crack trapping and bridging. It is shown that, in general, the influence of bridging greatly exceeds that of trapping. However, if the fibers have a low tensile strength and there is a large resistance to sliding between fibers and matrix, crack trapping can be significant : in this case, the best composite toughness is achieved by using a tough interface between fibers and matrix.
Robust aircraft classification using moment invariants, neural network, and split inversion learning

Summary form only given, as follows. A robust approach for classifying aircraft in the presence of noise was proposed and simulated. Preprocessing provides constant moment invariants for images in which the object is translated in position, rotated, or changed in scale. In the presence of noise, the moments are shown to be rotation-invariant. These moment invariants, computed for different levels of noise, are used to train a neural network to identify the aircraft. It is shown that training is very much faster for a split inversion algorithm than for back propagation. The resulting network provides accurate classification in high levels of noise. >
Old or New? Evaluating the Old/New Scoring Method for Divergent Thinking Tasks

When people generate responses during a divergent thinking task, some responses are “old” (retrieved from memory) and some are “new” (generated on the spot). K.J. Gilhooly, E. Fioratou, S.H. Anthony, and V. Wynn (2007) suggested that old and new responses stem from different cognitive strategies and differ in key ways. The present research explored the old/new scoring method in a sample of 143 young adults. After completing unusual uses tasks, the participants classified each response as old or new. The creativity of each response was also rated by three judges and by the participants themselves. As in past research, “old” responses appeared significantly earlier in the task and were rated as significantly less creative by both the judges and the participants. Old and new responses, however, correlated equally strongly with predictors of creative ability, such as openness to experience and its facets. Overall, the old/new scoring approach appears promising as a way of illuminating the diverse mental strategies people use to generate ideas.
Rousseau and the Case for (and against) Censorship

Rousseau is one of the most important modern defenders of censorship and one of the most important victims of censors. In his works can be found arguments both for and against censorship Rather than being symptoms of the tendency to exempt himself from rules he wants to apply to others, these different cases form part of a consistent understanding. Rousseau argues both that communities depend on a moral consensus that must be kept immune to critical scrutiny and that, within the bounds of that consensus, open debate of laws and policies is a necessity. Moreover, he attempts to combine freedom of conscience and intellect with restraint in public expression of dissenting opinions Each of these elements in his understanding is reflected in his literary practice and accounts for the variety in his methods of writing on different occasions.
An Efficient Preparation of Diethyl Phenylsulf Onylmethylphosphonate

Abstract A simple, efficient, and inexpensive method for the preparation of diethyl phenylsulfonylmethyl-phosphonate (4a), and derivatives thereof, is described.
The Effects of Repeated Administrations on Self-Report and Parent-Report Scales

The use of repeated measures to track the out-come of psychosocial interventions is becoming common practice in most organizations. One threat with this methodology is the retest artifact. This artifact is defined by a systematic change in scores for individuals who repeatedly complete an outcome instrument yet do not receive an) formal treatment. The retest artifact can call into question the validity of change associated with school-based treatment programs when this change is based upon repeated testing using outcome instruments. This study directly assessed the retest effect for both a youth and an adult psychosocial outcome measure. The frequency of retest administrations was systematically varied (weekly, biweekly, monthly, pre/post testing) over a 9-week period using a youth parent-report and an adult self-report Outcome Questionnaire. Results indicate a statistically significant improvement in functioning at the time of the second administration regardless of the lapse in time for the adult measur...
Field Use of Isoflurane for Safe Squirrel and Woodrat Anesthesia

Abstract We evaluated a chamber and nose cone method of isoflurane delivery for anesthetizing eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis; summer n = 43, winter n = 48) and Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister; summer n = 24, winter n = 13) for use when pain or stress was possible from sampling procedures. Mean induction time for squirrels (from beginning of isoflurane administration to safe removal from trap), was 4.63 ± 0.58 minutes. Squirrels awoke more quickly in summer (1.40 ± 0.15 min) than in winter (3.62 ± 0.24 min) after removal of the nose cone. We manually restrained woodrats and administered the nose cone for 0.5 minutes to each animal. Woodrats awoke after 4.76 ± 0.58 minutes following the final dose of isoflurane for both seasons. These methods are useful for working with small mammals in the field and provide an appropriate anesthetic when there may be more than slight pain or distress.
Applying language-based static verification in an ARM operating system

In recent years, we have seen a proliferation of small, embedded, electronic devices controlled by computer processors as powerful as the ARM®. These devices are now responsible for tasks as varied as flying a plane, talking on a cellphone, or helping to perform surgery. Some of these tasks have severe consequences for a mistake caused by faulty programming or missed deadlines. The best defense against these mistakes is to prevent them from happening in the first place.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Staphylococcus aureus Serine Protease Operon

The present study identified and characterized a unique operon (spl) encoding six serine protease-like proteins. In addition, native Spl proteins were isolated and characterized. Typical of most exoproteins, the spl gene products contain putative 35- or 36-amino-acid signal peptides. The Spl proteins share 44 to 95% amino acid sequence identity with each other and 33 to 36% sequence identity with V8 protease. They also contain amino acids found in catalytic triads of enzymes in the trypsin-like serine protease family, and SplB and SplC were shown to degrade casein. The spl operon is transcribed on a 5.5-kb transcript, but several nonrandom degradation products of this transcript were also identified. Similar to other S. aureus exoprotein genes, the spl operon is maximally expressed during the transition into stationary phase and is positively controlled by the Agr virulence factor regulator. The Sar regulatory system did not affect spl operon expression. PCR analysis revealed the presence of the spl operon in 64% of the S. aureus isolates tested, although one spl operon-negative isolate was shown to contain at least two of the spl genes. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of an spl operon deletion mutant revealed no major differences in virulence compared to the parental strain.
Toxicity of Fourteen Volatile Chemicals as Measured By the Chick Embryo Method

Abstract The toxicity of each of 14 volatile chemicals was tested by use of a technique of injecting the chemicals into chick embryos. The toxicity data are given and compared with the Threshold Limit Values. There is a correlation of the data in general indicating that the chick embryo test for toxicity may be a useful tool in industrial toxicology.
Strategies for Improving the Postmortem Neuropathological Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Despite recognition that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic and heterogeneous dementing neurodegenerative disorder, there is continued merit in defining the AD phenotype by the presence of progressive cognitive impairments and the pathological brain lesions (senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles) as originally formulated by Alois Alzheimer. This position paper discusses the rationale for emphasizing the detection of both beta amyloid-rich plaques and tau-rich tangles in the next iteration of the neuropathological criteria for the postmortem diagnosis of AD that has been recommended by the Working Group on Consensus Criteria for the Postmortem Diagnosis of AD. Further, it also underlines the need to exploit continuing advances in understanding the pathobiology of plaques and tangles in subsequent iterations of these criteria. It is expected that such efforts, now and in the future, will hasten the development of strategies for the early and accurate antemortem diagnosis of AD as well as the discovery of effective treatments for this common dementing illness of the elderly.
Mutual expectations in the process of joining a dental health group

Analysis of the situation can make the process of joining a group easier. Productivity can be seriously affected when new persons join an existing group and little or no attention is given to the process by which that person becomes a member of the group practice. Parallels can be drawn between organizational management and the functioning of the dental team. Observations were made of three clinicians who attempted to join an existing dental delivery group. There are some predictable phases through which the joiner passes to acceptance or lack of acceptance in an existing group. Recommendations for groups to consider before either hiring or training members of a dental health group are given.
Fetectomy in Monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Retention of the Placenta past Normal Term

At Gestation Day 65-143 fetectomy was performed in 13 monkeys (Macaca mulatta) leaving the placentas in place. The uterus and abdomen were then closed and the monkeys were subsequently observed for placental expulsion. 9 of the 13 monkeys retained the placentas past normal term. 11 placentas were recovered after spontaneous expulsion and 1 by surgery indicating that the maternal instinct to eat the placenta was lacking in the absence of a live infant. Placenta weights were near or more than those expected at the time of fetectomy but below that of normal term placentas. Histological examination of the placentas recovered 17-108 days postfetectomy revealed viable trophoblasts in 10 samples with variable areas of nonneoplastic cytotrophoblastic hypertrophy and hyperplasia in 8 of the 10 specimens.
Cloning, characterization and regulation of an α-amylase gene from Streptomyces limosus

Summary An α-amylase gene (aml) of Streptomyces limosus ATCC 19778 was cloned in Streptomyces lividans 66. S1 mapping experiments identified an aml transcript 1.8 kb in length and the extracellular enzyme was estimated to be 59 kD in size, suggesting that aml was transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA species. Expression of the gene was induced by maltose (or maltodextrins) in S. Iimosus and when aml was cloned in S. lividans or Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). In S. Iimosus, mannitol repressed aml expression while glucose had little or no effect; in S. lividans and S. coelicolor the relative effects of the two sugars were reversed. Both induction and carbon-source repression of aml expression appeared to occur at the level of transcriptional initiation. Glucose repression in S. coelicolor was dependent upon a functional glucose kinase gene.
Periarticular raft constructs and fracture stability in split-depression tibial plateau fractures

Abstract Objectives To evaluate relative fracture stability yielded by screws placed above a lateral plate, as well as locking and non-locking screws placed through a plate in a split depression tibia plateau fracture model. Methods Cadaver tibia specimens (mean age 74.1 years) were randomised across 3 groups: Groups 1: raft-construct outside the plate, 2: non-locking raft screws through the plate, and 3: locking raft screws through the plate. Displacement of the depressed fragment was recorded with force values from 400 N to 1600 N in increasing 400 N increments. The force required to elicit lateral plateau fragment displacement of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm was also recorded. Results None of the mechanical testing results demonstrated statistical significance with p-values of 800 N. Group 2 demonstrated greatest resistance to plateau displacement of 5 mm compared to Group 1 or 3, while Group 3 was most resistant to greater displacement. The combined group using screws through the plate (Groups 2 + 3) was consistently more resistant than Group 1 at all levels of displacement. Conclusions Designs utilising screws through the plate trended towards statistically significant improved stability against plateau displacement relative to utilising screws outside the plate. Our study also suggests that there is no significant benefit of locking screws over non-locking screws in this unicondylar tibia plateau fracture model.
Hypothesis: Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation should be the initial therapy for essential hypertension

Hypertension affects 30–40% of the adult population in the developed world and is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and kidney failure. Though the importance of controlling hypertension is well recognized, only about 50% of patients in the United States actually attain guideline recommended blood pressure goals. Limiting factors include patient noncompliance, suboptimal application of effective medication, and true medication resistance. Renal sympathetic denervation has been used to treat resistant hypertension and appears to be safe and effective and to produce durable results. We hypothesize that renal sympathetic denervation will produce similar results across the spectrum of hypertension severity for which pharmacologic therapy is currently indicated and propose that this is an important hypothesis to be tested in suitably powered randomized trials.
Blind interference suppression for DS-CDMA

The use of a blind scheme for suppressing interference in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) communication systems is investigated. In particular, we use a blind version of the partial-bit DS-CDMA receiver to successfully suppress narrow-band and near-far multiple-access interference without requiring knowledge of other users' spreading codes, timing or phase information. Performance results for a 23 user/100 chip BPSK DS/CDMA system indicate that the blind partial-bit DS/CDMA receiver using as little as 33 taps can suppress narrow-band and near-far multiple-access interference, either at the beginning of a transmission or during transmission as interferers gain access to the system.
PIT tags increase effectiveness of freshwater mussel recaptures

AbstractTranslocations are used increasingly to conserve populations of rare freshwater mussels. Recovery of translocated mussels is essential to accurate assessment of translocation success. We designed an experiment to evaluate the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to mark and track individual freshwater mussels. We used eastern lampmussels (Lampsilis radiata radiata) as a surrogate for 2 rare mussel species. We assessed internal and external PIT-tag retention in the laboratory and field. Internal tag retention was high (75–100%), and tag rejection occurred primarily during the first 3 wk after tagging. A thin layer of nacre coated internal tags 3 to 4 mo after insertion, suggesting that long-term retention is likely. We released mussels with external PIT tags at 3 field study sites and recaptured them with a PIT pack (mobile interrogation unit) 8 to 10 mo and 21 to 23 mo after release. Numbers of recaptured mussels differed among study sites; however, we found more tagged mussels with th...
Failure of Adult Recruitment in Quercus buckleyi Populations on the Eastern Edwards Plateau, Texas

Abstract In many semiarid regions woodlands, savannas and grasslands form an unstable landscape mosaic; the physiognomy of a particular patch in the mosaic changes over time. To explain such temporal and spatial variation in tree abundance in semiarid landscapes, greater understanding of woodland tree population dynamics and factors that affect population dynamics of trees in woodlands is required. We examined the apparent failure of adult recruitment in Quercus buckleyi (Spanish oak) populations in woodlands on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. To verify adult recruitment failure, we quantified age structures of adult stems (stems taller than 150 cm) in five Q. buckleyi stands. We found that adult recruitment has been low to absent for 35 to 60 y in four of our five sites. At the fifth site, some stems recruited above 150 cm (the browseline) in the past 30 y. Most recruitment of adult stems occurred between 1900 and 1935, a period of low deer abundance. At the one site with recent adult stem recruitment, relat...
Maturational differences in hyperoxic AP-1 activation in rat lung.

Immature organisms (neonates; <12 h old) have vastly differing responses to hyperoxic injury than adults. A common feature of hyperoxic gene regulation is involvement of activator protein (AP)-1. W...
Some issues in using near field electric field strengths in system immunity evaluations

Large electric field strengths can be measured in the vicinity of transmitting antennas and it is therefore tempting to specify high immunity requirements for systems that have to operate near such devices. This paper shows that this is unnecessary, and gives several ways to approximately correlate near field measurements with the immunity threat levels required by normal EMC radiated immunity test methods.
Revolutionary Black Feminism: Toward a Theory of Unity and Liberation

AbstractOur Participation in the Black Radical Congress (BRC) and in particular the debate and discussion occurring within its Black Feminist Caucus (BFC) led us to rethink and redevelop the concept of Revolutionary Feminism. Discussions with other black feminists at the Congress led us to conclude that much work is needed to further develop the relationship between black feminist theories and concrete struggles to liberate working-class and poor black women. In this article, we provide a brief overview of feminist theories as well as current trends in black feminist scholarship and its manifestation in the BFC. We further develop the emerging theory of “Revolutionary Black Feminism” as a means to bridge the gap between theory and liberatory practice within the present Black Freedom Movement. “Gender and sexuality can no longer be viewed solely as personal issues but must be a part of our analyses, politics and struggles…We need to meet people where they are, taking seriously identity politics and single ...