cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Venous Patch Graft Surgery for Peyronie’s Disease

Multiple surgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease. With these penile-straightening surgeries, two broad surgical categories have emerged. These categories are penile-shortening procedures (plication) and penile-lengthening procedures (penile grafting). With the penile-grafting procedures, different grafting materials have been used. Presented here is the use of the autologous saphenous vein graft. The venous graft has many advantages, including (1) similar thickness of the replacing tunica albuginea, (2) an endothelial lining that prevents hematoma formation, (3) elasticity of the graft, and (4) the wall of the saphenous graft can establish a blood supply from the lumen of the corpus cavernosum, thus preventing graft ischemia and contracture. Also, there is decreased inflammation or reaction to the graft because it is autologous. With careful patient selection, the saphenous vein graft for Peyronie’s disease is an excellent therapy for penile curvature.
Medicinal and other economic plants of the Paya of Honduras

To collect information regarding Paya plant use practices, especially ethnomedical applications, an ethnobotanical study was conducted at the Santa Maria del Carbon community in north-central Honduras. Scientific and Paya names have been provided for 68 plants used for medicine, 40 used for food, 23 used as sources of wood, 8 used for beverages, 7 used in artifact manufacture and 10 used in other ways. Also, a list of 25 species is included for which the Paya have a name but no known use.
Extraction of Implied Default Probabilities and Expected Recovery Values from a Combination of Bond Prices and Credit Default Swap Spreads

This paper proposes an intuitively simple technique of inferring a term structure of implied default probabilities and a term structure of expected recovery values from a combination of market bond prices and credit default swap spreads. Credit risk for longer maturities can not only be characterized by higher implied default probabilities but also be associated with downward revisions in the expected recovery value. Allowing for a non-flat recovery value term structure along with varying implied default probabilities across different periods can be a useful relaxation of the restriction of a constant recovery rate that is typical to the existing studies on credit risk modeling. We demonstrate that a term structure of recovery values can be separately identified along with the term structure of implied default probabilities through the information contained in the term structure of bond prices and the term structure of credit default swaps with corresponding maturities. Solutions to a set of numerical examples are provided that can be replicated independently. The combination of implied default probabilities and expected recovery values provides one with a set of valuable tools to value a range of credit claims for which historical default and recovery rates are not readily available.
CHALLENGES OF ADULT GUARDIANSHIP.

Background. Issues such as cognitive impairment, developmental disability, substance abuse and addiction, and mental health conditions may render older people unable to manage their daily lives independently. Under these circumstances, a legal guardian is appointed by a probate court to make decisions about the older adult’s medical needs, finances, and living arrangements. The high rate of population aging is resulting in an increasing need for adult guardians, yet the body of research on managing adult guardianship is not robust. Our study will examine county-specific promising models of practice that address challenges to managing adult guardianship. Method. Focus groups were completed in five counties in Ohio (Butler, Cuyahoga, Franklin, Lorain, and Stark). In each county, focus groups included probate court judges and other court staff, guardianship program staff, and various types of guardians, including volunteers, family members, and professionals. The transcribed interviews were analyzed in Dedoose software using a thematic analysis approach. Findings. We identify the following challenges: financial constraints for courts and individuals, high and complex caseloads, lack of guardians and volunteers, exploitation of older adults, substance abuse, higher demands on monitoring care reported by guardians and the courts because of Rule 66, and families’ unwillingness/inability to serve as guardians. Counties adopted innovative approaches to address some of these challenges. Conclusion. Some of the findings are consistent with previous studies, but to inform better strategies for improving guardianship programs at the local level, it is important to understand how to respond to the challenges identified from the focus group discussions.
NMDA Receptor-Dependent Cholinergic Modulation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Cell Bodies: Neurochemical and Behavioral Studies

Substance abuse disorders are devastating, costly, and difficult to treat. Identifying the neurochemical mechanisms underlying reinforcement promises to provide critical information in the developm...
Creating stable interfaces between reactive materials: titanium nitride protects photoabsorber–catalyst interface in water-splitting photocathodes

The development of a solar-driven water splitting device that replaces costly precious metals, while achieving stable high performance, is a major challenge. Transition metal phosphides are active and low-cost catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), although, none thus far have exhibited stable performance when interfaced with semiconductors. Here, we report on a monolithic junction consisting of cubic-NiP2:TiN:Si, fabricated using both commercial and custom Si photovoltaics. Stable performance is achieved using an ultrathin film of crystalline TiN that effectively hinders atomic diffusion between interfaces during fabrication. Crystalline cubic-NiP2 deposited on TiN/n+p-Si retains 97% of the bare Si photovoltage, comparable saturation current density to bare Si, and has a turnover frequency of 1.04 H2 per site per s at −100 mV applied potential. In acid, it requires only −150 mV additional overpotential compared to the benchmark, Pt/TiN/n+p-Si, to reach a HER photocurrent density of −10 mA cm−2. This photocathode maintains a stable H2 photocurrent (±10%) for at least 125 hours, the duration of testing. When the same layers are fabricated on a commercial Si solar cell, this photocathode produced double the photocurrent density (36.3 mA cm−2, under simulated 1.5 AM G illumination). Physical characterization gives detailed information on the properties responsible for the observed activity and durability of these interfaces. In general, the thin-film methodology presented here is widely applicable, demonstrates superior activity, and achieves long-term stability.
A relational perspective on contract laws default rules, with an emphasis on remedies

The goal of this paper is to discuss what considerations lawmakers should consider when formulating those doctrines of contract law that can be displaced by agreement between the parties. These doctrines are called default terms. I will use the law of contractual remedies for examples; most (though not all) remedial doctrines are capable of alteration by agreement and hence are default terms. And I will focus on American law. The lawmakers who formulate contract law’s default terms in America could be judges, who create and interpret the common law, the private drafters of model legislation intended for legislative enactment (such as the UCC), or elected legislators themselves.
An improved plastically dilatant unified viscoplastic constitutive formulation for multiscale analysis of polymer matrix composites under high strain rate loading

Polymer matrix composites are commonly used to fabricate energy-absorbing structures expected to experience impact loading. As such, a detailed understanding of the dynamic response of the constituent materials is necessary. Since the rate, temperature, and pressure dependence of carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are primarily manifestations of the rate, temperature, and pressure dependence of the polymer matrix, it is crucial that the constitutive behavior of the matrix be accurately characterized. In this work, an existing unified viscoplastic constitutive formulation is extended to ensure thermodynamic consistency and to more accurately account for the tension-compression asymmetry observed in the response of polymeric materials. A new plastic potential function is proposed, and elementary loading conditions are utilized to determine relations between model constants to ensure nonnegative plastic dissipation, a necessary thermodynamic requirement. Expressions for plastic Poisson’s ratios are derived and are bounded by enforcing nonnegative plastic dissipation. The model is calibrated against available experimental data from tests conducted over a range of strain rates, temperatures, and loading cases on a representative thermoset epoxy; good correlation between simulations and experimental data is obtained. Temperature rises due to the conversion of plastic work to heat are computed via the adiabatic heat energy equation. The viscoplastic polymer model is then used as a constitutive model in the generalized method of cells micromechanics theory to investigate the effects of matrix adiabatic heating on the high strain rate response of a unidirectional composite. The thermodynamic consistency of the model ensures plastic dissipation can only cause an increase in temperature. Simulation results indicate that significant thermal softening due to the conversion of plastic work to heat is observed in the composite for matrix dominated deformation modes.
Measuring Core Inflation for Turkey - Trimmed Means Approach

This paper is one of the the pioneers in measuring the core inflation for Turkey and uses the methodology developed by Bryan, Cecchetti and Wiggins II (1997). As the price change distributions are not normally distributed, weighted sample means are not the efficient estimators of inflation. In such leptokurtic distributions trimmed means provide statistically more efficient estimators of inflation. For the consumer prices, using historical data, the optimal trim is found to be 19 percent from the each tail of the cross sectional distribution and for the wholesale prices it is found to be 12 percent (percentage that minimizes MAD). Trimmed mean estimators of inflation move in line with the headline inflation in the long run, implying a potential use for future inflation forecasting.
Post-war, peri-youth: Physical and social remnants of the Tajik Civil War in childhood environments:

Militarism shaped the physical dimensions of childhood in Tajikistan during the Tajik Civil War (1993–1997). Even in civilian zones, children interacted with military artifacts during daily play: c...
Practical and Ethical Considerations for Schools Using Social Media to Promote Physical Literacy in Youth

The rapid development of social media has led to its increased use by children and adolescents for health and well-being purposes. Accordingly, social interactions resulting from social media use can be further integrated into physical and health education pedagogy. Given the relationship between increased physical literacy and positive health outcomes, best practices and lessons learned from social media use in the healthcare industry should be adopted by health and physical educators practicing in schools. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to comment on several practical and ethical challenges and opportunities associated with using social media to improve physical literacy among youth. Specifically, two of the most prominent issues are discussed in depth: (1) integration of social media in physical education settings that educate children and adolescents about the biopsychosocial effects of physical activity, and (2) use of wearable technologies among youth to accrue experiences that enhance physical literacy competencies. In our opinion, health and physical educators who utilize the ALL-ENGAGE Playbook described in this commentary will successfully reach, engage, and impact students with popular social media that adequately promotes physical literacy, including through experiential use of wearable technologies.
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Breastmilk from 18 Infected Women

To The Editor, Currently, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization advise that women who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 may choose to breastfeed with appropriate protections to prevent transmission of the virus through respiratory droplets. However, the potential for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through breastfeeding is currently unknown. To date, case reports on breastmilk samples from a total of 24 SARS-CoV-2-infected women have been published. Of those, viral RNA was detected in ten breastmilk samples from four women. In some but not all cases, environmental contamination as the source of the virus or retrograde flow from an infected infant could not be ruled out. We established a quantitative RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk with a limit of detection of 250 copies per mL and validated it by spiking breastmilk from uninfected women with known amounts of viral RNA. In addition, we established tissue culture methods to detect replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk. No viral RNA nor culturable virus was detected after Holder pasteurization of breastmilk samples that had been spiked with replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 (see Supplement). Between March 27 and May 6, 2020, we collected and analyzed 64 serial breastmilk samples from 18 SARS-CoV-2-infected women residing in the U.S. (see Supplement for clinical characteristics). Breastmilk samples were collected before and after women had a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and all but one woman had symptomatic disease (see Figure). One of the 64 breastmilk samples had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR. The positive sample was collected on the day of symptom onset but one sample 2 days prior to symptom onset and two subsequent samples, collected 12 and 41 days later, tested negative for viral RNA. In addition, a subset of 26 breastmilk samples from nine women were tested for the presence of replication-competent virus using our established culture methods, and all were negative including the one sample that tested positive for viral RNA by RT-PCR. Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in one milk sample from one of eighteen infected women, the viral culture for that sample was negative. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 RNA does not represent replication-competent virus and that breastmilk itself is likely not a source of infection for the infant. Furthermore, when control breastmilk samples spiked with replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus were treated by Holder pasteurization, a process commonly performed by donor milk banks, no replication-competent virus nor viral RNA was detectable. Further research to confirm these findings is needed, as well as an examination of convalescent milk for the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
Accelerating visual communication of mathematical knot deformation

Mathematical knots are different from everyday ropes, in that they are infinitely stretchy and flexible when being deformed into their ambient isotopic. For this reason, challenges of visualization and computation arise when communicating mathematical knot’s static and changing structures during its topological deformation. In this paper, we focus on visual and computational methods to facilitate the communication of mathematical knot’ dynamics by simulating the topological deformation and capturing the critical changes during the entire simulation. To improve our visual experience, we design and exploit parallel functional units to accelerate both topological refinements in simulation phase and view selection in presentation phase. To further allow a real-time keyframe-based communication of knot deformation, we propose a fast and adaptive method to extract key moments where only critical changes occur to represent and summarize the long deformation sequence in real-time fashion. We conduct performance study and present the efficacy and efficiency of our methods. .
Cost-effectiveness of Sacubitril-Valsartan in Hospitalized Patients Who Have Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Importance Sacubitril-valsartan use reduces mortality and hospitalizations compared with enalapril among patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); however, the cost-effectiveness of these treatments when initiated during hospitalization for HF is unknown. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of inpatient initiation of sacubitril-valsartan vs enalapril compared with no initiation or posthospitalization initiation of sacubitril-valsartan among stabilized patients with HFrEF. Design, Setting, and Participants This economic evaluation included data on US patients with HFrEF who were eligible for sacubitril-valsartan treatment from December 8, 2009, to May 15, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures A 5-state Markov model with all-cause mortality, HF, and non-HF hospitalization probabilities was used. Quality of life was estimated using Euro-QoL EQ-5D scores. Hospitalization, long-term care, and medication costs for sacubitril-valsartan and enalapril were modeled with a discount rate of 3%. The base-case analysis included a lifetime horizon from a health care and societal perspective. Results Modeled patients were a mean (SD) age of 63.8 (11.5) years. Inpatient treatment with sacubitril-valsartan ($5628 per year) was associated with 62 fewer HF-related admissions per 1000 patients compared with outpatient initiation or 116 fewer HF-related admissions compared with continuation of enalapril treatment. From a health care system perspective, initiation of sacubitril-valsartan during hospitalization saved $452 per year compared with continuing enalapril and $811 per year compared with initiation at 2 months after hospitalization and was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $21 532 per quality-adjusted life-year compared with continued enalapril treatment over a lifetime. From a societal perspective, inpatient initiation was estimated to save $460 per year per patient compared with no initiation of sacubitril-valsartan and $813 per year per patient compared with initiation after hospitalization. In a budget analysis, inpatient initiation of sacubitril-valsartan was estimated to save up to $449 per person for 1 year or $2550 per person over 5 years compared with continuation of enalapril. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that, for patients with HFrEF, initiation of sacubitril-valsartan during hospitalization may be associated with reduced hospitalizations, increased quality-adjusted life expectancy, and cost savings compared with no initiation or initiation after hospitalization.
Numerical analysis of flame stabilization for a steady premixed jet in vitiated coflow

Abstract Premixed staged combustion in gas-turbine combustors, where a premixed fuel–air mixture is injected into a hot vitiated environment, has promise for better emission control. In these hot environments that occur at high engine pressure, the flames may stabilize by a combination of autoignition and premixed flame propagation. In this work, a laminar and steady premixed jet in vitiated coflow was studied numerically to examine the stability behavior of such flames that are impacted by both autoignition and flame propagation. Simulations with detailed chemistry were used with boundary conditions matching previous experiments to understand the stability mechanisms. At the conditions studied, the laminar flame was lifted, with the region of highest heat release rates occurring downstream of the jet exit. However, non-zero heat release rates an order-of-magnitude below the maximum value were observed continuously to the jet exit. An energy budget analysis was conducted along streamlines through different portions of the flame. Streamlines flowing through relatively low heat release rate regions near the burner exit were only influenced by mixing between the jet and vitiated coflow. Streamlines which flowed through higher heat release rates in the lifted flame were influenced by heat transfer from both the coflow and the existing flame, leading to heat-transfer assisted propagating premixed-flame behavior. Species budgets analyzed in the low- and high-heat release regions of the flames were also used to characterize autoignition locations. The species budget through autoignition regions showed clear markers such as high CH2O concentrations present ahead of high heat release rates. The streamlines through premixed propagation regions of the flame also had high CH2O concentrations upstream of the high heat release region, but the species budget shows this is due to mixing from autoignition regions as opposed to reactions occurring on the streamline ahead of the flame. Thus, caution must be taken when using CH2O as a marker for autoignition in such flames with mixed stabilization modes.
Stress-induced transition from vacancy annihilation to void nucleation near microcracks

Abstract The accumulation of point defects and defect clusters in materials, as seen in irradiated metals for example, can lead to the formation and growth of voids. Void nucleation is derived from the condensation of supersaturated vacancies and depends strongly on the stress state. It is usually assumed that such stress states can be produced by microstructural defects such dislocations, grain boundaries or triple junctions, however, much less attention has been brought to the formation of voids near microcracks. Here, we investigate the coupling between point-defect diffusion/recombination and concentrated stress fields near mode-I crack tips via a spatially-resolved rate theory approach. A modified chemical potential enables point-defect diffusion to be partially driven by the mechanical fields in the vicinity of the crack tip. Simulations are carried out for microcracks using the Griffith model with increasing stress intensity factor K I . Our results show that below a threshold for the stress intensity factor, the microcrack acts purely as a microstructural sink, absorbing point defects. Above this threshold, vacancies accumulate at the crack tip. These results suggest that, even in the absence of plastic deformation, voids can form in the vicinity of a microcrack for a given load when the crack’s characteristic length is above a critical length. While in ductile metals, irradiation damage generally causes hardening and corresponding quasi-brittle cleavage, our results show that irradiation conditions can favor void formation near microstructural stressors such as crack tips leading to lower resistance to crack propagation as predicted by traditional failure analysis.
Alimentary squamous cell carcinoma in psittacines: 12 cases and review of the literature

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is a neoplasm that usually arises from the integument, is reported uncommonly in pet birds. Only a few reports of SCCs in the alimentary tract of birds, including psittacines, have been published, and a detailed description of the pathology is not available in the literature. We present here 12 cases of alimentary SCC in psittacines. The average age of the birds was 22.2 y (range: 15-29 y), and affected species included 4 Amazon parrots (Amazona sp.), 3 cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), 3 macaws (Ara sp.), 1 conure (Eupsittula sp.), and 1 Senegal parrot (Poicephalus sp.). Frequent clinical complaints included regurgitation, dysphagia, dyspnea, lethargy, and/or weight loss. SCC primarily affected the oral cavity in 6 of 12 cases, the crop alone in 2 of 12 cases, the crop and esophagus in 1 of 12 cases, the proventriculus alone in 1 of 12 cases, and the crop, esophagus, and proventriculus in 2 of 12 cases. Histologically, alimentary SCCs were locally invasive and often resulted in mucosal ulceration. Although there were no metastases in any of our cases, poor clinical outcomes were frequent and associated most commonly with complete effacement of the alimentary segment and severe inflammation with opportunistic bacterial infection. Our review of the literature records commonly affected species, variability of gross presentations and clinical signs, plausible etiologies, and current diagnostic developments.
Intense Quench Process in Slow Agitated Water Salt and Polymer Solutions

In the paper it is shown that quenching in slow agitated water salt solution of optimal concentration and in low concentration of inverse solubility polymers is intensive quenching creating maximal temperature gradients at the beginning of cooling. The evidence to support such idea were collected by analyzing quenching process in liquid media where any film boiling process was completely absent. In this case, surface temperature at the beginning of cooling drops closely to saturations temperature of a liquid within the interval 1–2 seconds, independently on nature of water solution, and then during transient nucleate boiling process maintains at the level of boiling point of a liquid which is often called self–regulated thermal process. The computer modeling of such cooling processes provided Kondrat’ev numbered Kn which are strongly linear function of time. At the beginning of cooling Kondrat’ev number is almost equal to 1 while average Kondrat’ev number Kn≥0.8. According to US Patent, intensive quenching starts when Kn=0.8. Based on achieved results, it is possible to perform intensive quenching in slow agitated of low concentration water salt and polymer solutions, usually initiated by hydrodynamic emitters. Along with liquid agitation, emitters generate resonance wave effect which destroys film boiling processes making cooling very uniform and intensive. The proposed IQ process works perfectly when martensite starts temperature Ms>Ts. If saturation temperature Ts≥Ms, intensive austempering process via cold liquids can be successfully performed to replace slow cooling of molten salts and alkalis by intensive quenching in liquid media.
Mobile Eye Tracking Captures Changes in Attention Over Time During a Naturalistic Threat Paradigm in Behaviorally Inhibited Children

Attentional biases to and away from threat are considered hallmarks of temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI), which is a documented risk factor for social anxiety disorder. However, most research on affective attentional biases has traditionally been constrained to computer screens, where stimuli often lack ecological validity. Moreover, prior research predominantly focuses on momentary presentations of stimuli, rather than examining how attention may change over the course of prolonged exposure to salient people and objects. Here, in a sample of children oversampled for BI, we used mobile eye-tracking to examine attention to an experimenter wearing a “scary” or novel gorilla mask, as well as attention to the experimenter after mask removal as a recovery from exposure. Conditional growth curve modeling was used to examine how level of BI related to attentional trajectories over the course of the exposure. We found a main effect of BI in the initial exposure to the mask, with a positive association between level of BI and proportion of gaze allocated to the stranger’s masked face over time. Additionally, there was a main effect of BI on proportion of gaze allocated to the stranger’s face plus their mask during the recovery period when the mask was removed.
Ultrasonic Steel Cleanliness System

It is well known that nonmetallic inclusions can adversely affect the metallurgical properties of engineering alloys. For critical components such as aircraft engine gears and bearings it is important then to quantitatively assess the severity of the inclusion content in the alloy material before performing costly manufacturing operations. This poster paper will describe the operation and the initial results of a computer controlled steel cleanliness inspection system.
Family Connections: Building Connections Among Home, School, and Community

Scenario One: Mr. Caldwell looks through the schedule of parent conferences and notices that one family again didn't return the half sheet he sent home or respond to his e-mail. He spoke with the m...
The endometrial theory of ectopic pregnancy

Abstract Various observers including ourselves, have demonstrated healthy endometrial tissue in tubal lumina. Sampson and Jacobsen, and others have proved beyond doubt that such endometrial tissue can and does implant itself and grow elsewhere displaying a preference for serous surfaces. Cases have been reported in the literature of endometrial tissue in the tubes. We have one such case. Many observers have found decidual tissue in tubes whether or not they were the site of pregnancy. We have found it present at the site of the pregnancy in 62 per cent of casual specimens, in 87½per cent of cases where we made a careful search and believe that it is present at the outset in 100 per cent of cases. In one case we succeeded in finding endometrial glands in this decidual tissue, proving that the decidual reaction was caused by the response of endometrial elements and not the tubal structure itself. The fact that the fibrin layer of Nitabusch can be demonstrated in these ectopic decidual tussues shows that the ectopic endometrium carries out its functions as completely as when it was on the uterine wall. The ectopic endometrial tissue was found in 1 out of 204 cases, an incidence of ½per cent. The ratio of ectopic to intrauterine pregnancy is about 1 to 202 (Schumann's 18 series) in Farrar's 19 series 4 to 309, a significant correspondence of statistics and the explanation of the frequency of ectopic gestation.
The Evolution of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Focal Contusion Model

Serial MRI facilitates the in vivo analysis of the intra- and intersubject evolution of traumatic brain injury lesions. Despite the availability of MRI, the natural history of experimental focal contusion lesions in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) rat model has not been well described. We performed CCI on rats and MRI during the acute to chronic stages of cerebral injury to investigate the time course of changes in the brain. Female Wistar rats underwent CCI of their left motor cortex with a flat impact tip driven by an electromagnetic piston. In vivo MRI was performed at 7 T serially over 6 weeks post-CCI. The appearances of CCI-induced lesions and lesion-associated cortical volumes were variable on MRI, with the percentage change in cortical volume of the CCI ipsilateral side relative to the contralateral side ranging from 18% within 2 h of injury on day 0 to a peak of 35% on day 1, and a trough of -28% by week 5/6, with an average standard deviation of ± 14% at any given time point. In contrast, the percentage change in cortical volume of the ipsilateral side relative to the contralateral side in control rats was not significant (1 ± 2%). Hemorrhagic conversion within and surrounding the CCI lesion occurred between days 2 and 9 in 45% of rats, with no hemorrhage noted on the initial scan. Furthermore, hemorrhage and hemosiderin within the lesion were positive for Prussian blue and highly autofluorescent on histological examination. Although some variation in injuries may be technique related, the divergence of similar lesions between initial and final scans demonstrates the inherent biological variability of the CCI rat model.
Using solution-focused Therapy within an integrative behavioral Couple Therapy framework : An integrative model

Behavioral Marital Therapy (BMT) assumes that couples have skill deficits that lead to marital dissatisfaction. Couples are taught these skills within an organized framework to improve marital satisfaction. Integrative Couple Therapy (ICT) adds an additional step called acceptance, which is necessary before training can begin. Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) concentrates on the strengths that clients bring to therapy and emphasizes the positives by looking at solutions, not problems. Although these theories seem to be at odds, it is proposed that they can be successfully integrated. A general overview of each model is provided with a description of the integration of the theories. Finally, a case showing clinical application of the integrated model is presented.
What can chronic arthritis pain teach about developing new analgesic drugs

Chronic pain remains an important public health need with greater impact on the US economy than most other chronic conditions. Current pain management is largely limited to opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indicating a gap in the translation of new knowledge to the development of improved pain treatments. Strategies suggested include the re-evaluation of current drug screening methods, a recognition that molecular-genetic events occurring acutely contribute to the development of pain chronicity, the validation of analgesic targets in the intended patient population, consideration of the unique genetic profile that varies between individuals, and the introduction of individual response measures to improve the capture of outcomes in clinical trials.
Postaudit evaluation of conceptual model uncertainty for a glacial aquifer groundwater flow and contaminant transport model

Numerical groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling incorporating three alternative conceptual models was conducted in 2005 to assess remedial actions and predict contaminant concentrations in an unconfined glacial aquifer located in Milford, Michigan, USA. Three alternative conceptual models were constructed and independently calibrated to evaluate uncertainty in the geometry of an aquitard underlying the aquifer and the extent to which infiltration from two manmade surface water bodies influenced the groundwater flow field. Contaminant transport for benzene, cis-DCE, and MTBE was modeled for a 5-year period that included a 2-year history match from July 2003 to May 2005 and predictions for a 3-year period ending in July 2008. A postaudit of model performance indicates that predictions for pumping wells, which integrated the transport signal across multiple model layers, were reliable but unable to differentiate between alternative conceptual model responses. In contrast, predictions for individual monitoring wells with limited screened intervals were less consistent, but held promise for evaluating alternative hydrogeologic models. Results of this study suggest that model conceptualization can have important practical implications for the delineation of contaminant transport pathways using monitoring wells, but may exert less influence on integrated predictions for pumping wells screened over multiple numerical model layers.
Options for presenting search results: Part I – common options

Purpose – Aims to discuss the various options for presenting the output of the search results of various online information systems.Design/methodology/approach – Investigates and evaluates various methods of presenting search results employed by certain online information systems.Findings – Different online information systems have different strengths and weaknesses relative to one another, and options present in one system may not be present in others.Originality/value – Provides a comparison of the output of various online information systems, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the systems examined.
Autoxidation of n-alkylisoindolines

Abstract The autoxidation of N-butylisoindoline at 38 ° is markedly dependent on the solvent. Oxidation proceeds readily in solvents which can be considered hydrogen donors, such as methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexane, octene-1 and isopropyl alcohol. In a variety of other solvents such as benzene, toluene, cumene, pyridine, benzaldehyde, acetonitrile and isobutyronitrile, autoxidation of N-butylisoindoline is either very slow or does not occur. The oxidation is demonstrated to be free radical chain process, in which N-butylisoindole is formed by oxidative dehydrogenation. N-butylisoindole is synthesized and autoxidation is shown to be rapid in methyl isopropyl ketone as well as in benzene. The same products are formed from both the autoxidation of N-butylisoindoline and N-butylisoindole. N-butylphthalimidine and N-butylphtalimide constitute greater than 90% of the material balance in methyl isopropyl ketone, together with small amounts of N-butyl-3-hydroxy-phthalimidine. N-Butylisoindole iniatiates autoxidation of the isoindoline and is probably responsible for the auto- catalysis observed. A mechanism is proposed for the autoxidation.
Adaptive fuzzy logic controller based on weight adjustment and parameter estimation

The authors introduce a novel adaptive fuzzy controller based on fuzzy inference in each layer of the fuzzy controller. After introducing the use of weighted feedback control in multiple-variable fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs), they propose an adaptive mechanism to regulate the weights based on estimated system parameters. The adaptive control is implemented by three layers of fuzzy inference. The adaptive FLC is applied to a cart-pole system with variable parameters. Computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller and its superiority over other FLCs. >
Investigation and Analysis on Air Quality in the Air-conditioned Passenger Train under Different Passenger Load Conditions

[Objective]To investigate and analyze the air quality in the air-conditioned train under different passenger load conditions.[Methods]Referring to the relevant standards and rules,the micro-climate and air quality of the air-conditioned passenger trains were monitored continuously.The measured data was analyzed with SPSS16.0.The results were evaluated with the Air Quality Index Method.[Results]When the air-conditioned train compartment was underloaded,the air quality index was in gradeⅡ,the air quality was still clean.When the compartment was overloaded,the air quality index was in gradeⅢ,the air quality was lightly polluted.The maximum value of all air quality sub-indices(Imax ) showed that CO_2 was the primary pollutant. The exceeding rate of CO_2 concentration was 100%whether the compartment was underloaded or overloaded.The exceeding rates of temperature and relative humidity in the compartment during overloading were 40.0%and 27.8%,significantly higher than during underloading(P0.01 ).With the increase of the passenger number,CO_2 concentration increased,but CO concentration and the temperature decreased,the Spearman rank correlation coefficients were 0.549,-0.449 and -0.349 respectively(P0.01 ). [Conclusion]The air quality in an overloaded compartment was worse than underloaded one in air-conditioned passenger train.
Worked Over: The Corporate Sabotage of an American Community

Worked Over: The Corporate Sabotage of an American Community. Dimitra Doukas. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003.
gon-2, a gene required for gonadogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The gonad of the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite is generated by the postembryonic divisions of two somatic precursors, Z1 and Z4, and two germline precursors, Z2 and Z3. These cells begin division midway through the first larval stage. By the end of the fourth larval stage, Z1 and Z4 produce 143 descendants, while Z2 and Z3 give rise to ~1000 descendants. The divisions of Z2 and Z3 are dependent on signals produced by Z1 and Z4, but not vice versa. We have characterized the properties of five loss-of-function alleles of a newly described gene, which we call gon-2. In gon-2 mutants, gonadogenesis is severely impaired; in some animals, none of the gonad progenitors undergo any postembryonic divisions. Mutations in gon-2 have a partial maternal effect: either maternal or zygotic expression is sufficient to prevent the severe gonadogenesis defects. By cell lineage analysis, we found that the primary defect in gon-2 mutants is a delay (sometimes a complete block) in the onset and continuation of gonadal divisions. The results of upshift experiments using a temperature-sensitive allele suggest that zygotic expression of gon-2 begins early in embryogenesis, before the birth of Z1 and Z4. The results of downshift experiments suggest that Z1 and Z4 can generate the full complement of gonadal tissues even when gon-2 function is inhibited until the end of the second larval stage. Thus, gon-2 activity is probably not required for the specification of gonadal cell fates, but appears to be generally required for gonadal cell divisions.
The ResultsSpace collaborative search environment

The ResultsSpace Collaborative Search Environment is a tool to support asynchronous collaborative information retrieval among a small group of collaborators. It is designed to promote awareness of collaborators' searches and the documents they have rated. Awareness is supported through several mechanisms: an area that shows a history of queries, a summary display of collaborators' ratings next to each search result, and changes in the visual salience of search results based on their aggregate rating from all collaborators. Faceted controls allow users to filter results based on specific ratings (relevant, not relevant, and maybe) and on specific collaborator(s) who have rated an item. We describe features of the system, how they are implemented, and give insights into the design rationale.
A method of detecting coherent synchrotron modes

Abstract A method for measuring coherent longitudinal synchrotron modes is developed and tested at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility Cooler Ring. This method can be used to detect the onset of coherent instability and can provide important diagnosis for the control of beam brightness. Some possible improvement of this technique is discussed.
Systemic influences on the physical quality of life: A Bayesian analysis of cross-sectional data

Abstract Is there a difference between capitalist and socialist systems in the provision for basic needs, as measured by Morri's Physical-Quality-of-Life Index? In estimating the systemic influence on PQLI, non-Marxist economists, sociologists, and political scientists, and Marxist scholars as well would control for nonsystemic variables that they deem relevant, but would differ over which variables are relevant. Recognizing this specification uncertainty, the author uses Leamer's techniques to calculate extreme bounds and posterior means for estimates of the systemic influence on PQLI. He finds that for many countries the extreme bounds bracket zero while the posterior means favor socialism.
Mercury and trace elements in cloud water and precipitation collected on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont

The lack of high quality measurements of Hg and trace elements in cloud and fog water led to the design of a new collector for clean sequential sampling of cloud and fog water. Cloud water was collected during nine non-precipitating cloud events on Mt. Mansfield, VT in the northeastern USA between August 1 and October 31, 1998. Sequential samples were collected during six of these events. Mercury cloud water concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 71.8 ng l−1, with a mean of 24.8 ng l−1. Liquid water content explained about 60% of the variability in Hg cloud concentrations. Highest Hg cloud water concentrations were found to be associated with transport from the Mid-Atlantic and Ohio River Valley, and lowest concentrations with transport from the north of Mt. Mansfield out of Canada. Twenty-nine event precipitation samples were collected during the ten-week cloud sampling period near the base of Mt. Mansfield as part of a long-term deposition study. The Hg concentrations of cloud water were similar to, but higher on average (median of 12.5 ng l−1) than Hg precipitation concentrations (median of 10.5 ng l−1). Cloud and precipitation samples were analyzed for fifteen trace elements including Mg, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb by ICP-MS. Mean concentrations were higher in cloud water than precipitation for elements with predominately anthropogenic, but not crustal origin in samples from the same source region. One possible explanation is greater in-cloud scavenging of crustal elements in precipitating than non-precipitating clouds, and greater below-cloud scavenging of crustal than anthropogenic aerosols.
The assessment of aerosol concentration by means of the Andersen sampler.

Summary. The statistical problem presented by the Andersen aerosol sampler is discussed. A Table is provided for estimating from the sampler reading the presumptive particle concentration in the aerosol, with its confidence limits.
Supplemental wide field‐of‐view monitor improves performance in surgical telerobotic movement time

Background This study investigates the effect of a supplemental wide fieldof-view (FOV) monitor on performance at high magnifications where the benefits of robotic surgery have greater importance.
Regional estimation of base flow and groundwater recharge in the Upper Mississippi river basin

Abstract Groundwater recharge and discharge (base flow) estimates from two methods were compared in the Upper Mississippi River basin (USGS hydrologic cataloging unit 07). The Upper Mississippi basin drains 491,700 km 2 in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, and Wisconsin and outlets in the Mississippi River north of Cairo, Illinois. The first method uses the water balance components from the soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT). The model was used to simulate the daily water balance of approximately 16 soil/land use hydrologic response units (HRU) within each of the 131 USGS 8-digit watersheds. The water balance of each HRU is simulated with four storages: snow, soil (up to ten layers), shallow aquifer, and deep aquifer. Groundwater recharge is defined as water that percolates past the bottom soil layer into the shallow aquifer. Recharge is lagged to become base flow and can also be lost to ET. The second method consists of two procedures to estimate base flow and recharge from daily stream flow: (1) a digital recursive filter to separate base flow from daily flow and (2) a modified hydrograph recession curve displacement technique to estimate groundwater recharge. These procedures were applied to 283 USGS stations ranging in area from 50 to 1200 km 2 . A smoothed surface was obtained using a thin plate spline technique and estimates were averaged for each 8-digit basin. Simulated flow was calibrated against average annual flow for each 8-digit. Without further calibration, simulated monthly stream flow was compared against measured flow at Alton, Illinois (445,000 km 2 ) from 1961–1980. To validate the model, measured and simulated monthly stream flow at Alton from 1981–1985 were compared with an R 2 of 0.65. No attempt was made to calibrate base flow and recharge independent of total stream flow. Base flow and recharge from both methods were shown to be in general agreement. The filter and recession methods have the potential to provide realistic estimates of base flow and recharge for input into regional groundwater models and as a check for surface hydrologic models.