cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Parenting

The first section of this chapter on determinants of parenting presents a brief overview of cognitions and practices that principally instantiate parenting and then discusses parents, the principal actors in the human drama of caregiving. As a transition to the main focus of the chapter on the multiple determinants of parenting, the chapter next addresses a series of methodological concerns useful in understanding and unpackaging determinants of parenting and point to some gaps in the literature that suggest future directions of research in the field. The chapter then turns to its main concern:— a in-depth review of the multiple determinants of parenting in parents, in children, and in diverse contexts. The chapter then tackles translational implications of the multilevel approach to determinants of parenting and concludes with a concise overview of central considerations in the field. Keywords: parenting; determinants; cognitions; practices; methodology; ecological circumstances
Discourses of the east and the west and their implications for intercultural relations

This review article examines two publications on a set of discourses about the East and by the West in the context of cultural contact, flow, and change taking place today. The author of the monogr...
Environment and Ecotourism

This chapter examines Malaysia’s impressive economic record over the past decade and focusses on the timber industry and ecotourism as two incompatible economic activities in East Malaysia. These activities, introduced into culturally and ecologically fragile areas, raise broad questions about sustainable tourism and sustainable ecology.
Low-power neuromorphic speech recognition engine with coarse-grain sparsity

In recent years, we have seen a surge of interest in neuromorphic computing and its hardware design for cognitive applications. In this work, we present new neuromorphic architecture, circuit, and device co-designs that enable spike-based classification for speech recognition task. The proposed neuromorphic speech recognition engine supports a sparsely connected deep spiking network with coarse granularity, leading to large memory reduction with minimal index information. Simulation results show that the proposed deep spiking neural network accelerator achieves phoneme error rate (PER) of 20.5% for TIMIT database, and consume 2.57mW in 40nm CMOS for real-time performance. To alleviate the memory bottleneck, the usage of non-volatile memory is also evaluated and discussed.
Controllable biomimetic birdsong

Birdsong is the product of the controlled generation of sound embodied in a neuromotor system. From a biophysical perspective, a natural question is that of the difficulty of producing birdsong. To address this, we built a biomimetic syrinx consisting of a stretched simple rubber tube through which air is blown, subject to localized mechanical squeezing with a linear actuator. A large static tension on the tube and small dynamic variations in the localized squeezing allow us to control transitions between three states: a quiescent state, a periodic state and a solitary wave state. The static load brings the system close to threshold for spontaneous oscillations, while small dynamic loads allow for rapid transitions between the states. We use this to mimic a variety of birdsongs via the slow-fast modulated nonlinear dynamics of the physical substrate, the syrinx, regulated by a simple controller. Finally, a minimal mathematical model of the system inspired by our observations allows us to address the problem of song mimicry in an excitable oscillator for tonal songs.
Characterizing Smart Grid Events Using Clustering Methods.

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are widely used in smart grid to provide high-frequency, real-time measurements of the electrical waves, enabling wide-area monitoring and control. These devices generate a significant amount of data on a daily basis, which presents challenges for grid operators to leverage the useful information contained in this data. In this paper, we present an empirical study of applying unsupervised clustering on PMU data for event characterization on the smart grid. We show that although the PMU data are time series in nature, it is more efficient and robust to apply clustering methods on carefully selected features from the data collected at certain instantaneous moments in time. Experiments have been carried out on real PMU data collected by Bonneville Power Administration in their wide-area monitoring system in the pacific northwest, and the results show that our instantaneous clustering method achieves high homogeneity, which provides great potentials for identifying unknown events in the grid without substantial training data. In addition, we also present our initial effort in cluster-specific classification, which incorporates supervised learning in the process to classify event types within individual clusters.
Uses of LHRH and its Analogs in Cattle

Use of LHRH and its analogs in studies with human and laboratory animals has encompassed antifertility (contraceptive) as well as studies to increase fertility. In domestic farm species, however, the overwhelming majority of studies have investigated regimens designed to improve fertility and management of reproduction. Reproductive failure and/or inefficiency result in significant economic loss to livestock producers. The net result is fewer animal products produced at increased cost to consumers.
Radiation defect dynamics in 3C-, 4H-, and 6H-SiC studied by pulsed ion beams

Abstract Radiation damage behavior of SiC depends on its lattice structure. Here, we use a pulsed-ion-beam method to study defect interaction dynamics in 6 H -SiC and damage buildup in 4 H - and 6 H -SiC irradiated at 100 ° C with 500 keV Ar ions. These results are compared with previously reported data for Ar-ion-irradiated 3 C - and 4 H -SiC. We find that, for these irradiation conditions, damage buildup in 3 C - and 6 H -SiC is statistically indistinguishable and is significantly more efficient than in 4 H -SiC. Within a stimulated amorphization model, 4 H -SiC is described by a reduced amorphization cross-section constant, while the point defect cluster production cross-section is the same (within experimental errors) for the three polytypes studied. Moreover, 4 H -SiC exhibits slower defect relaxation dynamics than 3 C - and 6 H -SiC. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of the lattice structure in damage buildup and defect interaction dynamics in SiC.
Detection of Salmonella in the intestine of Hypostomus plecostomus from the upper San Marcos River, Texas

The prevalence of salmonellae in the intestines of the invasive suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus was assessed in the San Marcos River, just down-stream of its spring-fed headwaters. In 2014, H. plecostomus, sediment, and water samples were collected during 15 sampling events. A combination of semi-selective enrichment and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed the presence of salmonellae in 45% of the fish intestines across the entire year, with a prevalence range of 13-100% per sampling event. Repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed a high diversity of salmonellae from fish intestine samples at individual sampling times, single or multiple presence of rep-PCR patterns and serotypes within individual fish, and identical rep-PCR patterns and serotypes for different fish within and across sampling events. Overall, 15 serotypes were identified by MLST, with a diversity range between one and seven serotypes per sampling event. Some serotypes were retrieved only once, while others were detected more frequently. A few serotypes were retrieved at several sampling times, nearly evenly distributed over the entire sampling period. Prevalence and diversity were independent of precipitation events, indicating the potential presence of environmental strains that are capable of long-term persistence in the environment.
Resection of the Primary Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor Improves Survival With or Without Liver Treatment.

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine outcomes of primary tumor resection in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors across all primary tumor sites.Background:Primary tumor resection (PTR) may offer a survival benefit in metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs); however, few s
International programs of the national library of medicine

Abstract The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has a broad mission in biomedical information service. There are three major reasons for NLM, as a national institution, having an international program: first, the global nature of disease; second, the international scope of medical literature; and third, the universal goal of better communication. This paper reviews NLM's programs in relation to international medical information exchange: International MEDLARS Centers, collaboration with WHO and PAHO, NLM Special Foreign Currency Program, and development of the NLM collection.
Cytotoxic effector mechanisms in AIDS.

The development of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome, AIDS, in the United States has occurred primarily in certain groups, i.e. homosexual and bisexual men (1,2), I.V. drug abusers (3,4), Haitians (5), and hemophiliacs receiving Factor VIII concentrates (6). Evidence for AIDS in blood transfusion recipients and children of drug abusing or Haitian parents associated with apparent transmission of a newly described retrovirus, HTLV-III, LAV (7,8) has provoked study of critical conditions for AIDS development. It seems logical to assume that AIDS develops in a series of stages, the earliest of which may not be accompanied by any obvious clinical symptoms. Deficiencies in cell mediated immunity have been clearly documented by ourselves and others in patients with AIDS-related opportunistic infections (9,10) and AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. In addition, we and others have focused much attention upon homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy (11–14). Although these patients do not fit the criteria for CDC defined AIDS at the present time, we have observed that an increasingly large number of our originally described population have gone on to develop CDC defined AIDS (11).
Heat and mass transfer in microscale diabatic distillation columns for ammonia–water desorption and rectification

Abstract An experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer in novel desorber and rectifier components based on the diabatic distillation principle is conducted. Heat and mass transfer coefficients measured here are compared with predictions of correlations from the literature. Temperature profiles are compared with component-specific heat and mass transfer models. Good agreement between model predictions and experimental results is shown. While heat and mass transfer correlations from the literature provide reasonable prediction of the data, further improvement is achieved with proposed correlations for liquid mass transfer and binary mixture correction coefficients. The results from this study show the potential for these novel designs to be implemented in small-capacity ammonia–water absorption systems.
An antimycobacterial pleuromutilin analogue effective against dormant bacilli.

Abstract Pleuromutilin is a promising pharmacophore to design new antibacterial agents for Gram-positive bacteria. However, there are limited studies on the development of pleuromutilin analogues that inhibit growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In screening of our library of pleuromutilin derivatives, UT-800 (1) was identified to kill replicating- and non-replicating Mtb with the MIC values of 0.83 and 1.20 μg/mL, respectively. UT-800 also kills intracellular Mtb faster than rifampicin at 2× MIC concentrations. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that 1 has an oral bioavailability with an average F-value of 27.6%. Pleuromutilin may have the potential to be developed into an orally administered anti-TB drug.
The Boundedness Conditions for Model-Free HDP( $\lambda$ )

This paper provides the stability analysis for a model-free action-dependent heuristic dynamic programing (HDP) approach with an eligibility trace long-term prediction parameter ( $\lambda $ ). HDP( $\lambda $ ) learns from more than one future reward. Eligibility traces have long been popular in Q-learning. This paper proves and demonstrates that they are worthwhile to use with HDP. In this paper, we prove its uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) property under certain conditions. Previous works present a UUB proof for traditional HDP [HDP( $\lambda =0$ )], but we extend the proof with the $\lambda $ parameter. By using Lyapunov stability, we demonstrate the boundedness of the estimated error for the critic and actor neural networks as well as learning rate parameters. Three case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of HDP( $\lambda $ ). The trajectories of the internal reinforcement signal nonlinear system are considered as the first case. We compare the results with the performance of HDP and traditional temporal difference [TD( $\lambda $ )] with different $\lambda $ values. The second case study is a single-link inverted pendulum. We investigate the performance of the inverted pendulum by comparing HDP( $\lambda $ ) with regular HDP, with different levels of noise. The third case study is a 3-D maze navigation benchmark, which is compared with state action reward state action, Q( $\lambda $ ), HDP, and HDP( $\lambda $ ). All these simulation results illustrate that HDP( $\lambda $ ) has a competitive performance; thus this contribution is not only UUB but also useful in comparison with traditional HDP.
Emotional Reactivity and Antisocial Behavior Relative to Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Expression: a Latent Profile Analysis

This study examined whether emotional reactivity was associated with violent juvenile offending in a sample of detained boys (N = 198). It was predicted that Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) would reveal a “low reactivity” group, characterized by symptoms of emotional numbing and callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and a “high reactivity” group, characterized by symptoms of hyperarousal and emotional dysregulation. It was hypothesized that the low reactivity group would have higher rates of violent offending and proactive aggression than the high reactivity group. Contrary to expectations, results indicated that the presence of both emotional numbing and hyperarousal symptoms, but not hyperarousal symptoms alone, were associated with higher rates of violent offending, CU traits, and proactive aggression. Results indicate that the risk of serious aggressive behavior and violent offending may be highest among youth who are easily provoked to respond aggressively (i.e., hyperarousal symptoms) while simultaneously able to maintain emotional detachment (i.e., elevated emotional numbing symptoms and CU traits).
A Method-Level Test Generation Framework for Debugging Big Data Applications

When a failure occurs in a big data application, debugging with the original dataset can be difficult due to the large amount of data being processed. This paper introduces a framework for effectively generating method-level tests to facilitate debugging of big data applications. This is achieved by running a big data application with the original dataset and by recording the inputs to a small number of method executions, which we refer to as method-level tests, that preserve certain code coverage, e.g., edge coverage. The size of each method-level test is further reduced if needed, while maintaining code coverage. When debugging, a developer could inspect the execution of these method-level tests, instead of the entire program execution with the original dataset. We applied the framework to seven algorithms in the WEKA tool. The initial results show that in many cases a small number of method-level tests are sufficient to preserve code coverage. Furthermore, these tests could kill between 57.58% to 91.43% of the mutants generated using a mutation testing tool. This suggests that the framework could significantly reduce the efforts required for debugging big data applications.
Design optimization of flexible piezoelectric PVDF unimorphs for surface pressure transducer applications

Piezoelectric elements serve as a preferred candidate for measuring dynamic pressure owing to their high sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, high natural frequency, and suitability for miniaturization. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a mechanically tough, flexible, low density polymer commercially available as a film. Being mechanically compliant and minimally invasive to the host structure, PVDF can be conformed to a variety of surfaces using adhesive bonding, thus making it a suitable candidate for surface pressure mapping and acoustic pressure measurement applications. However, PVDF sensors in compressive mode are insufficient for the low frequency and high sensitivity requirements of vehicle surface pressure measurements. Under steady flow conditions, cantilever and clamped-clamped unimorphs with segmented electrode coverage configurations serve as alternative candidates for differential pressure measurements. This paper presents an analytical and computational design framework for optimizing the performance of PVDF unimorphs. Electrode coverage, thickness ratio, and elastic modulus ratio are optimized for cantilever and clamped-clamped configurations for a given sensor geometry. The goal of the optimization procedure is to maximize charge sensitivity of the pressure sensor while minimizing deflection. A closed-form solution is derived for deflection and charge sensitivity of cantilever and clamped-clamped configurations based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. For a given deflection sensitivity target and sensor geometry, the charge sensitivity of the optimized cantilever sensor is three orders of magnitude greater than compressive (d33 mode) design and 3.15 times higher than the clamped-clamped configuration with segmented electrodes.
Boxwood Blight: Threat to Ornamentals

Boxwood blight, caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata and Calonectria henricotiae, has had devastating effects in gardens since its first appearance in the United Kingdom in 1994. The disease affe...
The use of soil classification in journal papers between 1975 and 2014

Abstract We classify soils to group our knowledge, increase our understanding, and communicate results. I have analyzed how soil classification and factor and soil property naming have been used in journal papers between 1975 and 2014. There is an exponential increase in the use of Taxonomy and WRB but the increase in the number of soil science papers is much faster than the use of Soil Taxonomy and WRB . The percentage of papers with soil classification information was highest in Geoderma (34%). The soil biology journals had soil classification in only 6% of their papers. Soil Taxonomy seems to be more frequently included particularly in journals from the USA, whereas FAO-Unesco and WRB are more frequently used in European journals. Soils in dry areas (Aridisols, Calcisols, Gypsisols) seem to be under-researched, whereas Spodosols (Podzols), Vertisols, Anthrosols, Chernozems, and Luvisols seem over-represented. Soil factor and property naming (e.g. "agricultural soil", "sandy soil") increase faster than the use of Soil Taxonomy and WRB . Temperate and boreal soil is commonly used in Soil Biology and Biochemistry which also tops the number of papers with forest soil, "agricultural soil", "upland soil", "wetland soil", and "valley soil". The more geologically oriented journals use parent material terms like "alluvial soils" and "granite soils". Color soil naming is common in some Chinese (black soil, red soil) and Canadian journals (Brown soil). Problems of soil classification are related to technical issues of soil classification, the adoption of the system, and the lack of instructions in soil science journals. A lack of soil classification in our papers makes transfer of information, data and results difficult.
A PI3K/AKT Scaffolding Protein, IQ Motif-Containing GTPase Associating Protein 1 (IQGAP1), Promotes Head and Neck Carcinogenesis.

Purpose: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently implicated in HNC. Recently, IQ motif–containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) was discovered to scaffold the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. IQGAP1 gene expression is increased in HNC, raising the hypothesis that IQGAP1 contributes to HNC. Experimental Design: We performed a combination of in vitro studies using human cancer cell lines treated with a cell-permeable peptide that interferes with IQGAP1′s ability to bind to PI3K, and in vivo studies utilizing mice genetically knocked out for the Iqgap1 (Iqgap1−/−). In vivo EGF stimulation assays were used to evaluate PI3K signaling. To study the role of IQGAP1 in HNC, we used a well-validated mouse model that drives HNC via a synthetic oral carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). Results: IQGAP1 is necessary for efficient PI3K signaling in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of IQGAP1-scaffolded PI3K/AKT signaling reduced HNC cell survival. Iqgap1−/− mice had significantly lower cancer incidences, lesser disease severity, and fewer cancer foci. IQGAP1 protein levels were increased in HNC arising in Iqgap1+/+ mice. The level of PI3K signaling in 4NQO-induced HNC arising in Iqgap1−/− mice was significantly reduced, consistent with the hypothesis that IQGAP1 contributes to HNC at least partly through PI3K signaling. High IQGAP1 expression correlated with reduced survival, and high pS6 levels correlated with high IQGAP1 levels in patients with HNC. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that IQGAP1 contributes to head and neck carcinogenesis.
Early succession on slag compared to urban soil: A slower recovery

Slag, waste from the steel-making process, contains large amounts of calcium, magnesium, iron and other heavy metals. Because of its composition, high pH and low water retention ability, slag is considered inhospitable to plants. Nevertheless, the spontaneously generated plant communities on slag are surprisingly diverse, but the assembly and structure of such communities are poorly studied. Previous studies suggest reduced rates of succession due to low growth rate and slow accumulation of topsoil. To investigate whether slag communities display similar patterns, we used two former industrial sites on the South Side of Chicago, IL, both with high pH (8–9.2) sand content (80%) and calcium concentration (> 9000 ppm). We removed all vegetation from both slag and non-slag plots to test whether recovery differed over one growing season (4 months). To directly assess plant growth, selected focal species were planted on both sites and harvested. We show that recovery from removal differed at slag and non-slag sites: the recruitment process on slag, measured by percent vegetative cover and number of species in plots, was significantly slower at 6–8 weeks of the manipulation and beyond, suggesting a potential stage-dependent effect of slag on plant growth. Certain slag plots recorded less cover than non-slag plots by >30% at maximum difference. Functional trait analysis found that graminoid and early successional species preferentially colonized slag. Overall, slag plots recovered more slowly from disturbance, suggesting a slow succession process that would hinder natural recovery. However, slag also has the potential to serve as plant refugia, hosting flora of analogous habitats native to the area: one of our industrial sites hosts nearly 80% native species with two species of highest Floristic Quality Index (10). Restoration efforts should be informed by the slow process of natural recovery, while post-industrial sites in urban areas serve as potential native plant refugia.
Which one is more valuable in coordinating the online and offline distribution? Service support or online price coordination

Abstract Nowadays effective mechanisms to coordinate the online and offline distribution become increasingly important in the business market. In this research, we first propose two mechanisms (i.e. the offline service to the retailer and the online price coordination) for the manufacturer and the retailer to employ. Our results show that the online price coordination does help coordinate the online and offline distribution and bring higher profits to the manufacturer-retailer supply chain and thus both the manufacturer and the retailer, while the offline service to the retailer does not; comparing to the offline service to the retailer, the online price coordination is a better strategy to be utilized to alleviate the online to offline competition. Furthermore, we investigate if a novel coordination mechanism, which combines the offline service to the retailer with the online price coordination, can help coordinate the online and offline distribution better and becomes the optimal coordination mechanism. Surprisingly, our results show that compared to both the offline service to the retailer and the online price coordination, this combination coordination mechanism does show a dominant competitive advantage to bring highest profits to all parties.
Determining the Thermal Properties of Military Jet Fuel JP-5 and Surrogate Mixtures Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry/Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Methods

Heat capacity and heat of vaporization (HoV) are thermal properties that affect the combustion of fuels in engines. This study highlights new calorimetric methods to measure the thermal properties ...
Comment on ‘‘Observation and structural determination of √3×√3) R30° reconstruction of the Si(111) surface’’

A Comment on the Letter by W. C. Fan {ital et} {ital al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1516 (1989).
Novel Circuit Probing for Tiny Inductor

This paper introduces a novel test methodology for ultra-tiny silicon-based inductor, which has the capability to regulate voltage and to filter out high frequency noise for power management integrated circuits (PMICs). As 5th Generation (5G) communication network and High Performance Computing (HPC) applications are expected to surge in the coming decade, computing power is projected to grow exponentially and power management is getting more critical than ever for mobile devices and HPC applications to save energy. As compared to traditional Surface Mount Device (SMD) inductors on package substrate, silicon-based inductor integrated in System on Chip (SoC) for better power management performance. And its form factor is also much smaller than discrete inductors. However, its inductance (less than 10 nanohenries) can only be measured by laboratory instruments which cannot meet mass production test throughput requirements for yield learning. In this paper, we propose an ATE-based test methodology that leads to highly accurate and reliable measurements for production test of silicon-based inductors.
Targeting MDM2 for Neuroblastoma Therapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity and Mechanism of Action.

Background: Neuroblastoma is an aggressive pediatric solid tumor with an overall survival rate of 98%) of pathologically-diagnosed neuroblastomas have wild-type p53 with intact functional activity. However, the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is overexpressed in neuroblastoma and leads to inhibition of p53. MDM2 also exerts p53-independent oncogenic functions. Thus, MDM2 seems to be an attractive target for the reactivation of p53 and attenuation of oncogenic activity in neuroblastoma. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms of action of SP141, a first-in-class MDM2 inhibitor, in neuroblastoma cell lines with different p53 backgrounds. The findings were confirmed in mouse xenograft models of neuroblastoma. Results: We demonstrate that SP141 reduces neuroblastoma cell viability, induces apoptosis, arrests cells at the G2/M phase, and prevents cell migration, independent of p53. In addition, in neuroblastoma xenograft models, SP141 inhibited MDM2 expression and suppressed tumor growth without any host toxicity at the effective dose. Conclusions: MDM2 inhibition by SP141 results in the inhibition of neuroblastoma growth and metastasis, regardless of the p53 status of the cells and tumors. These findings provide proof-of-concept that SP141 represents a novel treatment option for both p53 wild-type and p53 null neuroblastoma.
On the Shannon Perfect Secrecy Result

Shannon information theoretic approach to perfect security requires equal number of key bits to the information bits. This fact has been studied for decades and known as "Shannon impossibility result". This paper demonstrates that it is feasible to start with a significantly smaller number of key size than the information bits and generate final keys such that perfect secrecy can be achieved. Our claim is that we can obtain the required entropy to achieve perfect secrecy from a combination of random bits and other sources of randomness in order to construct uniformly distributed and unique final keys.To achieve this goal, we redefine the original problem by Shannon and consider securing multiple groups of packets simultaneously, each group containing T packets of length n bits. We introduce two types of keys called common and temporary keys that have uniform distribution and are statistically independent of each other and the data. Each temporary key has n bits and there are T common keys of length n that are used many times. The actual final keys that are used to achieve perfect secrecy are constructed by a unique combination of common and temporary keys and the use of a random pairing approach. Although the size of the final keys is equal to the size of the information bits, but the total size of the common and temporary keys is significantly smaller than the size of information bits. We also introduce an iterative technique to reduce the ratio of key to the data. Our result implies that the ratio of key to the ratio of data can be arbitrarily decreased by increasing the computational complexity of the final key construction.
Jamaica Ladies: Female Slaveholders and the Creation of Britain’s Atlantic Empire

During the second quarter of the eighteenth century, Jamaica emerged as the richest and most valuable colony in Britain’s Atlantic empire. The labour of enslaved Africans not only fuelled Jamaica’s...
Burnout and associated factors among members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology

Objective Burnout is specific to the work domain and in physicians is indicative of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization in relationships with coworkers and detachment from patients, and a sense of inadequacy or low personal accomplishment. The purpose of this study was to determine the burnout rate among gynecologic oncologists and evaluate other personal, professional, and psychosocial factors associated with this condition. Study Design This study used a cross-sectional design. Current members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology were sent an anonymous email survey including 76 items measuring burnout, psychosocial distress, career satisfaction, and quality of life. Results A total of 1086 members were invited, 436 (40.1%) responded, and 369 (84.6%) of those completed the survey. Of physicians, 30% scored high for emotional exhaustion, 10% high for depersonalization, and 11% low for personal accomplishment. Overall, 32% of physicians scored above clinical cutoffs indicating burnout. In all, 33% screened positive for depression, 13% endorsed a history of suicidal ideation, 15% screened positive for alcohol abuse, and 34% reported impaired quality of life. Nonetheless, 70% reported high levels of personal accomplishment, and results suggested most were satisfied with their careers, as 89% would enter medicine again and 61% would encourage their child to enter medicine. Respondents with high burnout scores were less likely to report they would become a physician again ( P = .002) or encourage a child to enter medicine ( P P P = .006), history of suicidal ideation ( P P Conclusion Burnout is a significant problem associated with psychosocial distress and lower levels of career satisfaction in gynecologic oncologists. Burnout in obstetrics-gynecology and gynecologic oncology is of particular concern as young age and female gender are often identified as risk factors for this significant problem. Interventions targeted at improving quality of life, treatment of depression, or alcohol abuse may have an impact on burnout. However, significant barriers may exist as 44.5% of respondents in this study reported that they would be reluctant to seek medical care for depression, substance use, or other mental health issues due to concerns about their medical license.
An Introduction to Gambling Theory and Its Applications to Stochastic Games

A brief account is given of the Dubins and Savage theory of gambling. It is then shown how the techniques of gambling theory can be applied to two-person, zero-sum stochastic games. Most proofs are omitted because they are available elsewhere. Instead we concentrate our efforts on ideas and examples.
Clindamycin did not differ from trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole for curing uncomplicated skin infections

Source Citation Miller LG, Daum RS, Creech CB, et al; DMID 07-0051 Team. Clindamycin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for uncomplicated skin infections. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1093-103. 25785967
Foodborne Animal Parasites

The animal parasites that can be contracted by eating certain foods belong to three distinct groups: protozoa, flatworms, and roundworms. Several of the more important members of each group of concern in human foods are examined in this chapter along with their classification.
On the design of large telescopes

Abstract The article discusses some aspects of telescope engineering which are being thrown into prominence by modern trends. The difficulties due to seeing are briefly mentioned, after which follows a discussion of optical alignment problems including the guiding of a Schmidt Telescope. Some consideration relating to the support and thermal conditions of a large mirror are reviewed. Finally some details are given of a large Dual Purpose Telescope design, and the means by which the difficulties could be met are discussed including a brief description of a novel mirror support system employing an airbag for weight relief.
Ovulation blockade in rats by rabbit anti-luteinizing hormone releasing factor serum.

Abstract As one of the first steps toward developing a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF), an antiserum to LRF was generated in female rabbits by repeated intradermal injections of LRF-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. After the third booster injection, 30% binding of 125 I-LRF and a linear dose response relationship against cold LRF (0.25 ng to 10.0 ng) were obtained using a 1:1000 dilution of the antiserum. Compared with synthetic LRF, rat LH and FSH, substance P, oxytocin, lysine and arginine vasopressin, and synthetic TRF showed less than 0.03% displacement of LRF under these conditions. Intravenous injections of 1.0 ml of this antiserum to 4-day cycling female rats at 1:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. of the proestrous day blocked ovulation the next morning. The data indicate that this antiserum is appropriate for biological studies regarding gonadotropin release in addition to its use in developing a radioimmunoassay for LRF.
Cyclic AMP-mediated release of peptide YY (PYY) from the isolated perfused rabbit distal colon

We have investigated the role of the colonic nervous system in regulating the release of peptide YY (PYY) from the isolated perfused rabbit distal colon. In addition, we have studied the role of cAMP- and Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms in mediating the release of PYY. We investigated three agents which stimulate increases in intracellular cAMP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholera toxin, and forskolin) and three agents which raise intracellular Ca2+ concentrations (substance P, carbachol, and the calcium ionophore A23187). The three cAMP-dependent agents, VIP (10(-7) M and 3 x 10(-7) M), cholera toxin (100 micrograms), and forskolin (10(-6) M and 10(-5) M) significantly stimulated release of PYY (P < 0.05). Tetrodotoxin (3 x 10(-6) M) did not alter forskolin (10(-5) M) stimulated release of PYY. Substance P (10(-9) M and 10(-8) M), carbachol (10(-5) M), and A23187 (10(-6) M) failed to stimulate the release of PYY. These results suggest that the colonic neurotransmitter VIP participates in the modulation of PYY release from rabbit distal colons. Further, these studies suggest that release of PYY is mediated by cAMP-dependent pathways.
Relation of Self-Projection Processes to Performance, Emotion, and Memory in a Controlled Interaction Setting

Self-projection, defined as the character and valence of one's situational, objective, or public self-awareness, was operationalized in the present study by subjects' ratings of how they were viewed by the other in an interactional context. It was expected that the nature of self-projection would be strongly influenced by trait measures of self-esteem and social anxiety, particularly given that interpersonal feedback was ambiguous. A measure of self-projection was developed on an independent sample and then assessed in 48 subjects in a controlled interaction paradigm. Self-projection, as expected, was found to be related to trait measures of social anxiety and self-esteem. In addition, specific dimensions of sew-projection were found to predict self-evaluations, emotions, aspects of performance, and memory for the other's speech, as well as subjects' perceptions of the other person in the interaction. A path model is presented depicting these general relations. Results are discussed in terms of the proces...
Decay of Bound Muons

The decay rate of bound muons from the K shell is calculated for elements up to lead. The muon is represented by a relativistic wave function for a point nucleus with parameters adjusted for finite-nuclear-size effects. The outcoming electron is represented by a Sommerfeld-Maue wave function. The decay rate is found to be a monotonically decreasing function of the atomic number. An estimate of the error is obtained by comparing with an exact calculation for the lowest electron angular state. The spectrum and angular distribution of the electrons are also presented.
DORNROSCHEN-LIKE, an AP2 gene, is necessary for stamen emergence in Arabidopsis.

To identify novel genes in petal and stamen development, a genetic screen was carried out for enhancers of the unusual B class mutant pistillata-5 (pi-5). In pi-5 flowers, second whorl organs develop as sepals rather than petals, but third whorl stamens are normal. One pi-5 enhancer, dornroschen-like-2 (drnl-2), results in third whorl positions developing as filamentous organs. In addition to enhancing the pi-5 phenotype, drnl-2 mutants also exhibit a phenotype in a wild-type PI background. Although stamen primordia are morphologically visible during early stages of flower development, they fail to enlarge in drnl-2 mutants. DRNL, which encodes a single AP2 domain protein, is expressed in a dynamic pattern in the embryo, seedling, and flower. Analysis of both the drnl-2 mutant phenotype and the DRNL expression pattern in flowers suggests that DRNL plays a critical role in stamen emergence in Arabidopsis.
PIRCS: a network-based document routing and retrieval system

Our objective is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of ad hoc and routing retrieval for large scale textbases. Effective retrieval means ranking relevant answer documents of a user's information need high on the output list. Our text processing and retrieval system PIRCS (Probabilisitc Indexing and Retrieval -Components- System) handles English text in a domain independent fashion, and is based on a probabilistic model but extended with the concept of document components as discussed in our last year's site report. Our focus for enhancing effectiveness remains on three areas: 1) improvements on document representation; 2) combination of retrieval algorithms; and 3) network implementation with learning capabilities. Using representation with more restricted contexts such as phrases or subdocument units help to decrease ambiguity in both retrieval and learning. Combining evidences from different retrieval algorithms is known to improve results. Viewing retrieval in a network helps to implement query-focused and document-focused retrieval and feedback, as well as query expansion.
Calcinosis in Adult-Onset Dermatomyositis: Metastatic or Dystrophic?

An 89-year-old woman with adult-onset dermatomyositis presented with fatigue, abdominal pain, and leg swelling for two weeks. Physical examination revealed a tender, distended abdomen and lower extremities with pitting edema and purpuric lesions suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Laboratory investigation revealed an elevated corrected calcium level (12.7 mg/dl), elevated 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (120 pg/ml) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) at the upper limits of normal (22 nLEq/ml); PTH-related protein and phosphorus levels were normal. Chest radiography demonstrated extensive subcutaneous and muscular calcifications, most prominent in the shoulders (Fig. 1). Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a 9-cm retroperitoneal mass (Fig. 2), ultimately diagnosed as B-cell lymphoma. The patient passed away in the hospital while awaiting hospice arrangements. Figure 1. Chest radiograph, demonstrating diffuse subcutaneous and muscular calcifications in the shoulders (arrows). Figure 2. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen, demonstrating a 9-cm retroperitoneal lymphoma (arrows). Our patient’s deep tissue calcium deposition was consistent with metastatic calcinosis, which occurs in normal tissue secondary to elevated serum calcium levels.1 In this case, hypercalcemia was predominantly mediated by increased extrarenal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) by malignant lymphocytes.1,2 The lack of complete PTH suppression suggests a degree of parathyroid autonomy, which was not felt to be significant. By contrast, the calcinosis typical of dermatomyositis, dystrophic calcinosis, occurs in damaged tissue in the setting of normal calcium levels, and is rare in adult-onset dermatomyositis.3,4
Epidemiology of collegiate baseball injuries

ObjectiveWe sought to establish injury incidence, onset, location, type, and severity for a collegiate baseball team. The second objective was to compare the number of musculoskeletal problems for which baseball players sought treatment with those that resulted in time lost or modified participation
Inversion Scheme for Obtaining the Fermi Surface from the de Haas-van Alphen Effect

The relationship between the recent inversion scheme of Mueller for obtaining the Fermi surface from de Haas-Van Alphen areas and the older scheme due to Lifshitz and Pogorelov is obtained. It serves as a simple derivation of the latter inversion scheme.
Water Translocation of Diazinon-C14 and Parathion-S35 off a Model Cranberry Bog and Subsequent Occurrence in Fish and Mussels

Abstract Transportation of diazinon-C14 and parathion-S35 off a model cranberry bog following a simulated frost protection flood was shown 24 hr after application of the chemicals. Fish (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) and freshwater mussels (Elliptio complanatus Solander) were exposed to these contaminated waters and analyzed periodically. The majority of the chemicals disappeared from the water after 144 hr. During this time, no labeled metabolites of diazinon were detected; however, three labeled parathion degradation products were encountered. Accumulation of both pesticides occurred in the fish and mussels, often to levels far in excess of that present in the waters. The fish appear able to metabolize these accumulated chemicals at a faster rate than the mussels.
A Study of Cross-Width Variations in the Two-Dimensional Foil Bearing Problem

The foil bearing problem, common to magnetic tape recording, is modeled through numerical simulation. The emphasis is on the effects of cross-width changes in the system parameters. Air lubrication is modeled using the Reynolds equation including the first-order slip correction terms and compressibility. A segmented structural model is introduced for the tape displacements where the tape is modeled as a cylindrical shell in the wrap zone and as a plate in the straight segments between the guide pins and the tangency points. Tape inertia and transport effects are included by using the material time derivative of the displacements. An explicit time integration method is used for the tape equation in order to obtain a faster transient coupling algorithm. The Reynolds equation is solved with the alternating direction implicit (ADI) integration method. The effects of axial tape tension, guide shape variations and the tape width on the steady-state tape-guide separation are investigated. It is shown that small axial variations on the parameters mentioned can lead to important and unintended variations in tape-guide separation.
A STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF SPLENIC SINUSES IN MAN AND IN THE ALBINO RAT WITH THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE AND THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

The splenic sinuses in the spleens of 5 human beings and 7 albino rats have been studied in the light microscope and electron microscope after fixation in Dalton's fluid and Palade's fluid and embedding in n-butyl methacrylate. Splenic sinuses are tortuous vascular channels of large but variable diameter which represent the first venous vessels in the spleen and make up almost the entire red pulp in man and in rats. These vessels are composed of reticulo-endothelial cells flattened to endothelial form and sheathed by a netted reticulum. The luminal surface of the endothelium is made highly irregular by delicate and variable cytoplasmic protrusions, slender corridors separating adjacent endothelial cells, anastomotic openings to other sinuses, bulgings of entire cells, and even thrusts of endothelium spanning the sinai lumen. The supporting reticulum presents a well developed latticed appearance in tangential sections of sinuses, but in most cuts is punctate or linear. The reticulum is composed of strands without limiting membranes, which, in substance, are amorphous and resemble basement membrane. Material identical in appearance to the substance of the reticulum may be present in the endothelium, suggesting that the reticulum is formed by endothelial cells. The endothelium also contains deposits of presumed ferritin and hemosiderin. The extreme luminal bulgings of endothelium suggest production of circulating monocytes or lymphocytes by detachment of endothelial cells. Sinuses are patent and collapsed to varying degrees. Patent sinuses are separated by collapsed sinuses and these collapsed sinuses appear to constitute splenic (Billroth) cords.
Temperature and field dependent mobility in pentacene-based thin film transistors

Abstract Pentacene-based thin film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated and analyzed to investigate the temperature and electric field dependence of hole mobility. At room temperature, the TFT device characteristics have displayed the hole mobility of 0.26 cm 2 /V s, threshold voltage of −3.5 V, subthreshold slope of 2.5 V/decade, and on/off ratio of 10 5 . Over the temperature range of 300–450 K, the hole mobility is found to increase to a peak value, followed by decrease to very low values. Similar behavior has also been observed in TFTs fabricated at a higher pentacene deposition rate. However, in this case over 20 times reduction in the extracted hole mobility values has been observed, due to the less ordered layered structure of the pentacene film present. No annealing effects have also been observed up to a temperature of about 410 K. The field dependence of hole mobility has also been evaluated at room temperature, and observed to noticeably increase with increase in electric field, over the biasing conditions considered.