cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diversity in control

The complexity of controlling a diverse site is demonstrated by York Controls Group at Essex Police headquarters in Chelmsford. Varied building types with HVAC plant ranging from 20‐year‐old boiler‐fed radiators to modern air conditioning systems are managed by a York ISN building control system. Following the success of this application a number of remote police stations have been integrated within the main control system. Control integration is a hot topic in the controls industry with many manufacturers developing software gateways to allow their controllers to communicate with a range of buildings services plant as well as other manufacturers’ controllers. However, in the long term it is expected that common communications protocols will dispense with these gateways and representatives from all the European countries are currently working together to achieve agreed protocol.
Psychology of the scientist. I. Introduction.

The present note announces an experiment in publishing. We propose a unifying concept and an organizational structure for a series of notes, articles, and monographs, all dealing with the conditions and correlates of scientific behavior. We expect that these items can and will be speculative, casual, formal, experimental, or rigorously theoretical, with a wide range of authorship. The present note makes no attempt to be exhaustive, but rather points a direction for research, speculation, and reporting. Illustrative material will be presented very briefly, primarily in outline form. Hozo has the scientist been studied?-1. General studies. Clifford ( 1958), Eiduson ( 1962). and Roe (1952) combined interviewing with projective resting to study several groups of scientists intensively. Pelz ( 1961) has been conducting an extensive, long-term research program based primarily on questionnaires, at least in its early stages. 2. Analyses by scientists in fields other than behavior sciences. Compton's (n. d.) "case histories" of instances of creativity in science. 3. Symposia and conferences. Taylor's conference (1956) on creative scientific talent. 4. Relation~hipr of pmjonality, intellect, and personal problems to scientific creativity
Riddled parameter space in spatiotemporal chaotic dynamical systems

We demonstrate that some chaotic parameter subsets of a class of spatiotemporal chaotic systems modeled by globally coupled maps are riddled. That is, for every point in the chaotic parameter subset, there are parameter values arbitrarily nearby that lead to nonchaotic attractors. A consequence is an extremely sensitive parameter dependence characterized by a significant probability of error in numerical computation of asymptotic attractors, regardless of the precision with which parameters are specified.
Endoscopic stenting for benign upper gastrointestinal strictures and leaks

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS) maybe used for the treatment of benign upper gastrointestinal (GI) leaks and strictures. This study reviewed our experience with stent insertions in patients with benign upper GI conditions. Patients who underwent stent placement for benign upper GI strictures and leaks between March 2007 and April 2011 at a tertiary referral academic center were studied using an endoscopic database and electronic patient records. The technical success, complications, and clinical improvement after stent removal were compared according to type of stent. The outcomes measured were clinical response, adverse events, and predictors of stent migration. Thirty-eight patients (50 % male, mean age = 54 years, range = 12–82) underwent 121 endoscopic procedures. Twenty patients had stents placed for strictures, and 18 had stents placed for leaks. Stent placement was technically successful in all patients. The average duration of stent placement was 54 days (range = 18–118). Clinical improvement immediately after stent placement was seen in 29 of the 38 patients (76.3 %). Immediate post-procedure adverse events occurred in 8 patients. Late adverse events were seen in 18 patients. Evidence of stent migration occurred in 16 patients and was seen in 42 of the 118 successfully placed stents (35.5 %). Migration was more frequent with fully covered SEMS (p = 0.002). After stent removal, 27 patients were evaluable for long-term success (median follow-up time of 283 days, IQR 38–762). Resolution of strictures or leaks was seen in 11 patients (40.7 %). Predictors for long-term success included increasing age and if the stent did not cross the GE junction. Placement of SEPS and SEMS for benign refractory strictures and fistulas has modest long-term clinical efficacy and is limited by a significant migration rate. Stent migration is common and frequent with fully covered SEMS compared to other types of stents, regardless of indication or location.
Multiple Insertion of a Silyl Vinyl Ether by (α-Diimine)PdMe+ Species

This paper reports that (alpha-diimine)PdMe+ species (1) (alpha-diimine = (2,6-iPr2 C6H3)N CMeCMe N(2,6-iPr2 C6H3)) undergo multiple insertions of CH2 CHOSiPh3 (2), ultimately forming Pd allyl products. The reaction of (alpha-diimine)PdMeCl, [Li(Et2O)2.8][B(C6F5)4] (1 equiv), and 2 (8 equiv) in CH2Cl2 yields [(alpha-diimine)Pd{eta3-CH2CHCHCH(OSiPh3)CH2CH(OSiPh3)Me}][B(C6F5)4] (7-B(C6F5)4) in 83% NMR yield. 7 is formed as a 95/5 mixture of isomers (7a/b), which converts to an equilibrium 40/60 mixture at 23 degrees C. X-ray diffraction analysis established that the configuration of the kinetically favored isomer 7a is S,S,S (ent-R,R,R), where the descriptors refer to the configurations of the substituted allyl carbon and the side chain methine carbons, respectively. 7b has an R,S,S (ent-S,R,R) configuration and differs from 7a in that the Pd is coordinated to the opposite allyl enantioface. The reaction of (alpha-diimine)PdMeCl, Ag[SbF6] (1 equiv), and 2 (8 equiv) under the same conditions yields [(alpha-diimine)Pd{(eta3-CH2CHCHCH(OSiPh3)Me)}][SbF6] (8-SbF6) in 90-100% NMR yield. 8 is formed as a 90/10 mixture of isomers (8a/b) that differ in the configuration of the substituted allyl carbon and evolve to a 70/30 equilibrium mixture at 23 degrees C. These results are consistent with a mechanism involving generation of 1 and insertion of 2 to give (alpha-diimine)PdCH2CH(OSiPh3)Me+ (4). In the absence of 2, 4 undergoes beta-OSiPh3 elimination and allylic C-H activation to give (alpha-diimine)Pd(eta3-CH2CHCH2)+ (6) and Ph3SiOH. In the presence of excess 2, 4 undergoes a second insertion of 2 to form (alpha-diimine)Pd{CH2CH(OSiPh3)CH2CH(OSiPh3)Me+ (9), which can undergo beta-OSiPh3 elimination/allylic C-H activation to form 8, or insert a third equivalent of 2 ultimately leading to 7. Further chain growth is probably disfavored by steric crowding.
An efficient on-line path planner for outdoor mobile robots

Abstract Mobile robots operating in outdoor unstructured environments often have only incomplete maps and must deal with new objects found during traversal. Path planning in these environments must be incremental to accommodate new information and must use efficient representations. This article reports recent results in path planning using an efficient data structure (framed-quadtrees) and an optimal algorithm (D*) to incrementally replan optimal paths. We show how the use of framed-quadtrees leads to paths that are shorter and more direct than when other representations are used. We also show the difference in performance when the robot starts with no information about the world versus when it starts with partial information about the world. Our results indicate that, as would be expected, starting with partial information is better than starting with no information. However, in many cases, partial information results in performance that is almost as good as starting out with complete information about the world, while the computational cost incurred is significantly lower. Our system has been tested in simulation as well on an autonomous jeep equipped with local obstacle avoidance capabilities. Results from both simulation and real experimentation are discussed.
Comparison of experimental and mathematical models of attenuation and dispersion for co-propagating helical channels of same wavelength in optical fibers

Spatial reuse of optical frequencies in optical fibers is possible through a novel Spatial Domain Multiplexing (SDM) technique that enables simultaneous propagation of two or more spatially multiplexed channels of exactly the same wavelength by confining them to unique spatial locations inside the fiber. Spatial filtering techniques are employed at the output end to separate the individual optical channels. The SDM channels follow helical path inside the carrier fiber and do not interfere with each other. This paper presents electromagnetic wave based model to analyze two such co-propagating SDM channels and then compares the model predictions to experimental data. The comparison of attenuation and dispersion show a close match to prove that SDM technique can be used to enhance the bandwidth of optical fiber systems.
Combined-modality treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia with botulinum toxin and voice therapy

A combined-modality treatment program consisting of botulinum toxin injection (Botox) and voice therapy was used to treat 17 subjects diagnosed with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADD SD). Ten subjects with ADD SD served as the control and were given Botox only. Voice therapy after Botox injection was directed toward reducing the hyperfunctional vocal behaviors, primarily glottal overpressure at voice onset and anterior-posterior squeezing. The results indicated that subjects who underwent combined-modality treatment maintained significantly higher mean airflow rates for significantly longer periods. Moreover, there was a carryover effect in these patients when they received Botox only. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is treated most effectively when intrinsic laryngeal muscle spasms are reduced or eliminated by Botox injection and extrinsic hyperfunctional vocal behaviors are treated with voice therapy.
World-wide Source of Leaf-derived Freezing Nuclei

INITIATION of precipitation over much of the Earth's surface is believed to be intimately related to the development of ice in supercooled clouds. The source, composition and number of small particles (ice nuclei) initiating freezing events in natural clouds are poorly understood. These particles represent a very small fraction of the total aerosol in the atmosphere. The material most frequently held to represent the majority of ice nuclei are clays, especially kaolin.
Reflection + Transmission Cross-Well Tomography

The merits of transmission+reflection crosswell tomogaphy are compared to that of transmission crosswell tomoa however, the inclusion of reflection data may reduce the dimension of the null space to its theoretical minimum of N-l. This is a primary benefit of reflectionttransmission crosswell tomography, namely it can yield a finer velocity resolution than allowed by transmission crosswell tomography.
The sound field for singularities in motion.

A general expression for the sound field of a point force in arbitrary motion is found. The expression reduces to the classical results for both uniform rectilinear motion and uniform circular motion of a point force. The solution shows that a fluctuating force in motion will have two components in its radiative sound field; the first an essentially dipole term due to the time rate of change of the force, and the second an essentially quadrupole term due to the acceleration of the system in which the force is acting. This second effect has not been explicitly recognized in previous work. Applications include the vortex noise in rotating systems and helicopter main rotor noise. An expression for the sound field of a point source in arbitrary motion is also determined. This expression does not reduce to the classical result for uniform motion, and it is concluded that the classical result does not take proper account of the momentum output associated with the source. The present result also shows that a constant velocity mass source moving in an accelerative manner will radiate sound. A practical example is the tip jet rotor. The sound field for a point acoustic stress in arbitrary motion is determined and the accelerative effects are shown to produce higher order poles than the quadrupole normally associated with the acoustic stress tensor. Some preliminary interpretation of this result is presented. In all three cases the effect of a volume distribution of acoustic sources may be found by integration, and in all cases the effect of the acceleration terms becomes greater as speed is increased.
Behavioral and genetic investigations of low exploratory behavior in Il18r1−/− mice: We can’t always blame it on the targeted gene

The development of gene-targeting technologies has enabled research with immune system-related knockout mouse strains to advance our understanding of how cytokines and their receptors interact and influence a number of body systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). A critical issue when we are interpreting phenotypic data from these knockout strains is the potential role of genes other than the targeted one. Although many of the knockout strains have been made congenic on a C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background, there remains a certain amount of genetic material from the129 substrain that was used in the development of these strains. This genetic material could result in phenotypes incorrectly attributed to the targeted gene. We recently reported low-activity behavior in Il10(-/-) mice that was linked to this genetic material rather than the targeted gene itself. In the current study we confirm the generalizability of those earlier findings, by assessing behavior in Il18(-/-) and Il18r1(-/-) knockout mice. We identified low activity and high anxiety-like behaviors in Il18r1(-/-) mice, whereas Il18(-/-) mice displayed little anxiety-like behavior. Although Il18r1(-/-) mice are considered a congenic strain, we have identified substantial regions of 129P2-derived genetic material not only flanking the ablated Il18r1 on Chromosome 1, but also on Chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 10, and 14. Our studies suggest that residual 129-derived gene(s), rather than the targeted Il18r1 gene, is/are responsible for the low level of activity seen in the Il18r1(-/-) mice. Mapping studies are necessary to identify the gene or genes contributing to the low-activity phenotype.
Strategic and non-competitive trade interventions

Abstract Those on the frontier of analyzing trade interventions in strategic and non-competitive environments have argued that new rationale for policy must be recognized once one leaves the competitive mold. Their view is supported by observers and policy experts who wish to incorporate the new rationale into an appropriately expanded framework. This paper reports an a welfare measure which meets these objectives.
Capacity of the gaussian channel without feedback

Consider a communication channel with stochastic input message X and independent additive zero-mean Gaussian noise N. Let I(X, AX + N) denote the average mutual information of X and AX + N. Almost all paths of the process X are assumed to belong to a real separable Banach space B, almost all paths of N are assumed to belong to a real separable Hilbert space H, and A is a measurable function from B into H. AX is the signal process, and can be assumed to have zero mean. RN is the covariance operator of N, ce:italic>λn, n ⩾ 1⩽ce:italic> its set of strictly positive eigenvalues with associated orthonormal eigenvectors ce:italic>en, n ⩾ 1⩽ce:italic>. For X Gaussian and A linear, I(X, AX +N) 2] ⩽ P0 (a generalized average energy constraint), then the capacity is shown to be P0/2. The capacity cannot be attained by any AX. If X is subject to an average energy constraint, E″>X 〈/ce:section-title>2 ⩽ S, then the capacity is finite if and only if A is constrained so that ‖RN−½A‖2⩽K. Under these constraints, thecapacity is SK/2, and cannot be attained. If one also constrains thedimension of the signal space to be no greater than M, M
Dielectric sculptured nematic thin films for rugate-like filters

A sculptured nematic thin film (SNTF) slab with sinusoidally nonhomogeneous permittivity dyadic is shown to act as a polarization-discriminatory bandstop filter for normally incident light. A cascade of two matched SNTF slabs is shown to act as a polarization-insensitive rugate-like filter.
Phase Conjugate Mirror With Gain Based On Brillouin Scattering

ABSTRACT We describe a new type of phase-conjugate mirror based on Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing that has many attractive features distinguishing it from previous types of phase- conjugate mirrors. Chief among these features are its high reflectivity, ease of alignment, and its insensitivity to aberrations on the pump waves. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented.The production of phase conjugate (PC) beams1 has become one of the most interesting and attractive applications of nonlinear optics. Two popular techniques for producing PC beams are four-wave mixing (FWM) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Recently a hybrid of these two techniques called Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing has been discovered2 and described theoretically. 3 In this paper we present a theoretical and experimental investigation of a new Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing geometry which combines the desirable features of the FWM and SBS processes and which eliminates the undesirable features of both. Our geometry differs from previous Brillouin enhanced four- wave mixing geometries in that our counter-propagating pump beam is generated using an SBS phase-conjugate mirror which introduces an SBS frequency shift chosen so as to exploit the Brillouin resonance in our FWM cell. The result is that this geometry has many distinct advantages over the SBS or FWM techniques for producing a PC signal. For example, we can achieve high reflectivities (»100J) and the PC signal is not shifted in frequency with respect to the input probe. In addition, the resonance enhancement in our process is achieved through elect rostri cti on and does not rely on a material resonance; hence the enhancement is independent of the pump laser frequency. Also, since our backward pump wave is generated from the transmitted forward pump wave by the SBS process, the two pump waves are phase conjugates of each other.1* It is known that high quality PC by FWM requires that the pump beams be phase conjugates of one another; 5 hence our geometry allows the use of aberrated pump waves for the FWM process, as is verified in the experimental section. This geometry also insures that the two pump waves are automatically counter-propagating, greatly simplifying the alignment of the FWM process.THEORYFor our theoretical analysis we assume the FWM geometry shown in figure 1 . The laser at frequency a) 1 forms the forward pump beam, the backward pump beam is assumed to be at frequency u) 1 -2fl+A2 , and the probe beam enters the FWM region in the direction of the laser and has frequency Wj-fl+Ag. Here ft is the Brillouin frequency of the nonlinear medium and A2 and A3 are the detunings from exact resonance.
The role of species richness and spatial resources in the invasion success of the colonial ascidian Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 in eastern Long Island Sound

Abstract Since it was first discovered in the northwest Atlantic in the late 1980s, the non-indigenous colonial ascidian Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 has become a common inhabitant of coastal marinas as well as deeper water sites. This species has also been found to have an expanding global distribution leading to questions about its ability to successfully invade into a variety of communities. The goal of the present study was to build on previous knowledge and to examine the possible mechanisms that allow Didemnum to successfully invade fouling communities in eastern Long Island Sound. In separate experiments, we examined whether species richness and spatial resources (i.e. open space) influenced invasion success. Communities at 2 sites, a protected marina and an open coast site, were compared. In the first experiment, small colonies of Didemnum were transplanted into communities that contained different species richness levels (0, 2, 4, 6 spp.) and in the second, small colonies of Didemnum were transplanted into communities that varied in the amount of species cover (0, 60, 50, 100%) that was present. The growth of Didemnum, as well as species initially present and any new species from recruitment was measured each week for approximately 10 weeks. Communities with high amounts of initial open space, regardless of species richness, tended to result in increased abundances of Didemnum at the open coast site and initially at the protected marina. At the marina site, growth of recruits and resident species resulted in the rapid loss of space in all treatments in both experiments, which reduced the success of Didemnum. At the open coast site, without increased competition from recruiting species, Didemnum became more abundant and eventually dominated many of the communities in all treatments. Despite being a global invader, Didemnum appears to be a relatively poor competitor for spatial resources. Its dominance seems to depend on the amount of unoccupied space present within communities it's invading. That, coupled with high recruitment from a diverse community, can overwhelm the potential invasion success of this species.
An Organic-solid With Wide Channels Based On Hydrogen-bonding Between Macrocycles

RESEARCH on microporous solids has focused largely on inorganic materials such as aluminosilicates (zeolites), aluminophosphates, pillared clays and other layered materials1,2. An elusive goal has been the design of new materials with specific properties such as selective adsorption and catalytic activity. It would be very useful if the tools of molecular synthesis could be brought to bear on this problem. Here we report the design, based on a modular approach, and the crystal structure of an organic solid with large-diameter (about 9 A) extended channels. The channels are formed from planar, rigid macrocyclic building blocks. Onto the outer rim of the macrocycles are attached phenolic groups, which form hexagonally closest-packed two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded networks. Extended channels result from the stacking of these layers in a way that maintains registry between the macrocyclic cavities, and these channels are filled with solvent molecules. This approach potentially offers a simple means to exercise control over pore size and shape in the solid state.
On the stability preserving property of the double bilinear transformation on a class of 2-D transfer functions

This paper addresses the BIBO (bounded-input bounded-output) stability of a class of discrete 2-D quarter-plane filters in the presence of nonessential singularities of the second kind (NSSK's) on the unit bidisk. Conditions under which the double bilinear transformation (DBT) preserves stability are derived. The results presented here also extend the class of systems whose stability can be predicted. Use of the inverse DBT to produce a continuous equivalent of the discrete 2-D transfer function allows easy application of a continuous-domain equivalent of a criterion developed by Dautov. The necessary and sufficient condition for stability derived in this work provides a simple check for the class of systems under consideration. From this class of systems, it is also possible to construct stable pairs of mutually inverse transfer functions.
Information in our world: epistemological assumptions of concepts of information and research consequences

'Information' is presumably the object of study in information science research. However, epistemological assumptions of concepts of information and the uses of the term 'information' in information science discourse and their cultural, social, and methodological implications are seldom examined. This study consists in the reconstructive analysis of concepts of information for explicating epistemological assumptions of foundational concepts of information in information science discourse, on the one hand, and for examining the relationship between concepts of information and research method and methodology, on the other. This study also proposes the study of information in our world, that is, rather than information in the, my or your world.
Effectiveness of Role Reversal: Actor or Listener:

Previous studies indicate that Ss who use role reversal change their attitudes about the issue being negotiated more than do Ss who negotiate without role reversal. The conflict theorists hypothesize that such attitude change results from listening to one's opponent reverse his role while the literature on attitude change indicates that it is the actor who is influenced by role reversal, not the listener. In this study the initial effect of (1) engaging in role reversal was compared with (2) listening to one's adversary reverse roles, and (3) engaging in self-presentation without reversing roles. The most attitude change was found in the actor condition and the least took place in the listener condition. These results support the attitude-change explanation of the efficacy of role reversal and indicate that the initial effect of listening to one's adversary reverse roles is to reinforce one's attitudes about the issue being negotiated.
Hydrated HCl clusters, HCl(H2O)(1-3), in helium nanodroplets: studies of free OH vibrational stretching modes.

In this work, infrared laser spectroscopy in helium droplets is used to study the solvation of HCl with small water clusters. Clusters of HCl(H2O)n with n = 1−3 and (HCl)2H2O have been identified in the free OH stretching spectral range of 3680−3820 cm−1. The assignment of the infrared vibrational bands of the clusters is aided by ab initio calculations.
Production Test of High Volume Commercial RFIC

This presentation covers the motivations and constraints involved in multi-site testing of RF devices. A comprehensive list of these issues is documented in the following text.
Communication Motives, Satisfaction, and Social Support in the Workplace: Are Supervisors Effective Support Sources in Employee Networks?

In this study we examine the relationship among supervisors' social support skills, employees' communication motives, and supervisor-subordinate relationship satisfaction. A network approach focuses on the relational tie between actors, as opposed to characteristics of the actors themselves. Using a sample of employees (N=222) from a wide range of occupations, we found that supervisors' emotional, informative, and instrumental social support skills are positively correlated with employees' communication motives of pleasure, affect, inclusion, and relaxation. While network studies suggest the need to navigate one's social web in order to acquire different types of support from different proximate alters, employees herein report attaining emotional, informative, and instrumental support from one singular tie: Their supervisor at work.
The continuum of maternal morbidity and mortality: factors associated with severity.

Objective The goal of this study was to examine whether sociodemographic, clinical, and other service-related factors, as well as preventability issues affect a woman's progression along the continuum of morbidity and mortality. Study design This was a case-control study of pregnancy-related deaths, women with near-miss morbidity, and those with other severe, but not life threatening, morbidity. Factors associated with maternal outcome were examined. Results Provider factors (related to preventability) and clinical diagnosis were significantly associated with progression along the continuum after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics ( P Conclusion In order to improve mortality rates, we must understand maternal morbidity and how it may lead to death. This study shows that important initiatives include addressing preventability, in particular, provider factors, which may play a role in moving women along the continuum of morbidity and mortality.
Un modelo para la etnografía de interés público: la conjunción de teoría, práctica, acción y cambio en un mundo globalizado

This paper outlines a model for and the history of Public Interest Ethnography (PIE). The aim is to codify the means by which theory, practice, and action for change in a globalizing world can and has been knitted together by ethnographers adopting a micro ethnographic approach wedded to macro considerations. The term “public interest” refers both to broader interests related to the “common good” (the macro level) and to specific interests aired by actors in the public sphere of debate and action in any society (the micro level.) Engagement at these various levels catapults the ethnographer into the realm of shared understandings and struggle as contested interests vie for public attention. The major theme underlying the goal of PIE is to join ethnography to interpretation and change in the public domain.
Religious experience and the Christian experience of God

Religious experience is one of the major topics in contemporary philosophy of religion. In regard to this topic, two questions are usually posed: (1) What is religious experience? and (2) What is its epistemic status? or Does religious experience provide rational justification for the truth of the sentence or statement, "There is a divine reality."? Answers to these questions are as varied as one can imagine, depending upon one's view of religion, experience, truth, rational justification, and that which is divine. In this paper, I want to focus primarily on the first question and its relation to the Christian experience of God, although what I say about religious experience and the Christian experience of God will have implications for an answer to the second question. A discussion of the Christian experience of God tacitly or explicitly presupposes some understanding of religious experience in general or a theory of religion; therefore, in Section 1, I will present an interpretation of religious experience which, I believe, is continuous with historical usage and theoretically plausible. Section 2 will be devoted to the application of my remarks on religion to an analysis of the Christian experience of God.
Acute epiploic appendagitis in hernia sac: CT appearance

We describe an unusual cause of acute abdomen due to acute epiploicappendagitis located within an incisional hernia sac. The contrast-enhanced CT showed an oval fat density structure with surrounding inflammation in the transverse mesocolon. The contrast-enhanced CT findings of the inflammation of appendices epiploicae of the transverse colon were diagnostic in this case.
Changes of acid mucopolysaccharides in the heart involved by amyloidosis

Abstract The acid mucopolysaccharide composition of cardiac tissue from 5 patients with amyloidosis and from control tissue was determined. Heparitin sulfate was consistently increased in the heart and other organs with amyloid deposition. (A corollary study of experimentally induced amyloidosis closely mimicked secondary amyloidosis in man, but in addition to the marked increase of heparitin sulfate in parenchymal organs, a slight increase of this mucopolysaccharide was observed in the heart as well.) In the myocardium, particularly with primary cardiac disease, hyaluronic acid was significantly increased. The observations of acid mucopolysaccharide chemistry in amyloidosis and in diabetic kidneys and the aorta suggest that heparitin sulfate arises from mesangial cells intimately involved in the formation of blood vessels and other cardiovascular structures. Hyaluronic acid, which also increases in the heart in forms of cardiac localization of amyloid, is probably part of the general connective tissue response of the cardiac tissue to disease.
Gene amplification proceeds by a chromosome copy mechanism.

Abstract Two general mechanisms which could account for gene amplification of ribosomal DNA in the oocytes of amphibians have been tested. In one mechanism at least the first extra copy of ribosomal DNA would be derived from the chromosomal ribosomal DNA and would predict a nuclear inheritance for the amplified ribosomal DNA. In an alternative mechanism, the amplified ribosomal DNA would be derived from one or more of the amplified ribosomal DNA copies which had been released from the oocyte nucleus and transmitted as an autonomous “episome” through the germ line into the oocytes of the progeny. The latter mechanism would require a maternal inheritance for the amplified ribosomal DNA. It was possible to decide between these two mechanisms by the use of two species of Xenopus, X. laevis and X. mulleri, the ribosomal DNA's of which differ in nucleotide sequence, and yet these two species form viable hybrid progeny. Although all hybrid animals contained chromosomal ribosomal DNA derived from both parents, each female hybrid progeny amplified predominantly if not exclusively the ribosomal DNA of X. laevis in the nuclei of its oocytes. The significance of X. laevis “dominance” is not yet understood. The fact that the female progeny of an X. laevis male and an X. mulleri female amplify the paternal ribosomal DNA rules out maternal inheritance of amplified ribosomal DNA and therefore the episome mechanism.
Hormonal control of turnover of tyrosine and tyrosine phosphate during tanning of the adult cuticle in the fly, Sarcophaga bullata.

Abstract The only soluble metabolite of 14 C-tyrosine injected into flies as they emerge from their puparia is tyrosine-O-phosphate. A kinetic study of its turnover in the presence and absence of the adult tanning hormone, bursicon, indicates that it is probably not an intermediate in the tanning process. Its role may be that of a store of metabolically accessible tyrosine. However, since the specific activity of tyrosine falls during the first 5 hr of adult life after emergence and there is insufficient tyrosine phosphate to account for the observed dilution rates, it is suggested that a proteinaceous or peptide precursor is degraded at this time. The parallel dilution rate of 14 C lysine lends support to this possiblity.
Combining one- and two-dimensional signal recognition approaches to off-line signature verification

A signature verification method that combines recognition methods of one-dimensional signals, e.g., speech and on-line handwriting, and two-dimensional images, e.g., holistic word recognition in OCR and off-line handwriting is described. In the one-dimensional approach, a sequence of data is obtained by tracing the exterior contour of the signature which allows the application of string-matching algorithms. The upper and lower contours of the signature are first determined by ignoring small gaps between signature components. The contours are combined into a single sequence so as to define a pseudo-writing path. To match two signatures a non-linear normalization method, viz ., dynamic time warping, is applied to segment them into curves. Shape descriptors based on Zernike moments are extracted as features from each segment. A harmonic distance is used for measuring signature similarity. The two-dimensional approach is based on using features describing the word-shape. When the two methods are combined, the overall performance is significantly better than either method alone. With a database of 1320 genuines and 1320 forgeries the combination method has an accuracy of 90%.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Global marketing networks and the development of trust: A dynamic capabilities perspective

The global market has begun to effect organizations in most industries. Organizations are entering strategic alliances and networks of these alliances to reduce risk, exposure, and to compete effec...
Application of heat pipe technology to crystal growth

Abstract Heat pipes are highly efficient heat exchangers with effective thermal conductivities several orders of magnitude higher than those of the best metallic conductors. The principle, design and construction of heat pipes are discussed together with specific examples of applications to crystal growth for heat transfer and to obtain isothermal and multizone temperature profiles.
Sickle-cell anemia in a white american family

Summary In a white American family with no evidence of Negro or Mediterranean ancestry, two children, aged one and three and one-half years, suffered from sickle-cell anemia since early infancy. Their father had sicklemia without anemia. In all the sickling was of the slow type, which requires from twelve to twenty-four hours to appear. Both children were stunted in growth, the girl being more dwarfed than her baby brother. The removal of an enlarged spleen in the younger child failed to affect the anemia or the sickling, while the spleen in the other patient was small. The noteworthy features in these cases, in addition to their ethnologic interest, concerns the early age at which symptoms of anemia appeared in both children and the slow type of sickling. It is suggested that even in anemia of white American children, the possibility of sickle-cell anemia should be remembered and a moist blood film examined after kept twenty-four hours.
Developmental aspects of the myocardial staircase phenomenon: Effects of insulin

Abstract The relation between contraction frequency and mechanical performance of isolated cardiac muscle was studied using right ventricular moderator band of piglets and papillary muscle of cats and kittens. The muscles were bathed in modified Krebs solution containing 5.6 m m glucose, bubbled with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, paced electrically at Lmax. Increasing contraction frequency incrementally from 12 to 48 beats/min elicited a positive force staircase in both moderator band and papillary muscle, regardless of age. The strength of contraction at a given frequency was greater in the older muscles. In piglets, the response to a given increment of contraction frequency declined as age increased. At 48 beats/min the developed tension (DT) maximal rate of tension development ( d T d t ) and in the younger age group (1 to 10 days) were 206% and 325%, respectively of values at 12 beats/min. But in the older group (75 to 92 days) they were 126% and 177%, respectively (P lu ml ) to the bath greatly potentiated the positive force staircase in moderator band from youngest group, but had minimal effect on the 25 to 35 day group. However, insulin attenuated the positive force staircase in kittens (2 to 5 weeks) and adult cats. When the [Ca2+] in the bathing medium was increased from 2.5 to 10 m m , the positive force staircase was eliminated in both species. This effect was not altered by insulin treatment. These findings demonstrate that a positive force staircase is uniformly present but modified by age, insulin and calcium.
Pectolytic, cellulytic and proteolytic activities expressed by cultures of Endothia parasitica, and inhibition of these activities by components extracted from Chinese and American chestnut inner bark

Abstract Three classes of enzymatic activity were expressed in cultures of virulent and hypovirulent strains of Endothia parasitica . Polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease activities accumulated in liquid cultures. Polygalacturonase activity was also detected in samples from active cankers resulting from infection by virulent strains of E. parasitica . The acidification of liquid media, as well as chestnut tissue in advance of growing mycelium, was determined and compared with the pH optima for the three enzyme activities. Additionally, polyphenolic extracts from Castanea mollissima were found to be more effective in eliminating polygalacturonase activity than were extracts from Castanea dentata . A specific inhibitor of polygalacturonase activity was also isolated. Polygalacturonase inhibitory activity extracted from C. mollissima inner bark was found to be more than twice as potent as the same activity extracted from C. dentata inner bark.
Evidence for a common batho-intermediate in the bleaching of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin

Nanosecond transient spectroscopic measurements of the BATHO products formed from photolysis of bovine rhodopsin (RHO) and isorhodopsin (ISO) are discussed. BATHO absorption spectra of RHO and ISO differ slightly, but both pigments exhibit wavelength maxima near 560 nm. An additional transient absorption at 440 nm is observed immediately following excitation of RHO but not ISO. The decay times and Arrhenius activation energies of the two 560 nm absorbing transients are the same. In addition to spectral differences in the photolysis of RHO and ISO, the bleaching yield as a function of 532 nm laser power is different, with the yield in RHO saturating at lower laser power than ISO. The bleaching yield of the two pigments has been modeled using the known extinction coefficients and quantum yields for the interconversion of RHO, ISO, and a single BATHO species. Agreement between experiment and the model is found if the effects of the laser polarization are considered. The data are consistent with a common BATHO in the photolysis of RHO and ISO.
Urographic imaging in neonatal period Radionuclide scan and x-ray

A retrospective study of efficacy of radioisotopic renal scan intravenous urogram in 10 infants with various urologic diseases showed the scan to be more rapid and accurate in depicting the lesions. Since the radioisotopic renal scan requires less irradiation than the intravenous pyelogram, it should be used first as a screening test in infants suspected of having urologic problems.
Visible Surface Algorithms for Quadric Patches

This paper describes two algorithms which find the visible portions of surfaces in a picture of a cluster of three-dimensional quadric patches. A quadric patch is a portion of quadric surface defined by a quadratic equation and by zero, one, or several quadratic inequalities. The picture is cut by parallel planes called scan planes. The visibility problem is solved in one scan plane at a time by making a "good guess" as to what is visible according to the visible portions found in the previous scan plane.
Singular Integrals and Elliptic Boundary Problems on Regular Semmes–Kenig–Toro Domains

We develop the theory of layer potentials and related singular integral operators as a tool to study a variety of elliptic boundary problems on a family of domains introduced by Semmes [105, 106] and Kenig and Toro[64-66], which we call regular Semmes-Kenig-Toro domains. This extends the classic work of Fabes, Jodeit, and Riviere in several ways. For one, the class of domains that are locally graphs of functions whose gradients have vanishing mean oscillation (VMO 1 domains), which in turn contains the class of C 1 domains. In addition, we study not only the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary problems but also a variety of others. Furthermore, we treat not only constant coefficient operators but also operators with variable coefficients, including operators on manifolds.
Heavy chain ferritin enhances serine hydroxymethyltransferase expression and de novo thymidine biosynthesis.

We have elucidated a biochemical mechanism whereby changes in iron metabolism cause changes in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism. Although animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that perturbations in iron status and metabolism alter folate metabolism, the biochemical mechanisms underlying these associations have yet to be identified. The effect of altered ferritin expression on folate metabolism was determined in human MCF-7 cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma. Cells expressing rat heavy chain ferritin (HCF) exhibited markedly increased expression of the folate-dependent enzyme cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT). These effects were not seen when rat light chain ferritin was expressed. Additionally, cSHMT expression was not altered when HCF expression was induced in MCF-7 cells cultured with supplemental ferric citrate. This indicates that cSHMT expression is increased by elevated HCF concentrations, independent of increased iron availability, suggesting that cSHMT expression may respond to HCF-induced chelation of the regulatory iron pool. Increased HCF expression did not alter cSHMT mRNA levels, but did increase translation rates of cSHMT mRNA. The increase in translation was mediated, at least in part, through the cSHMT 5′-untranslated region of the transcript. MCF-7 cells with increased expression of cSHMT displayed increased efficiency of de novo thymidylate biosynthesis, indicating that thymidylate synthesis is normally limited by cSHMT activity in MCF-7 cells. Our data suggest that the iron regulatory pool may play an important role in regulating folate metabolism and thereby thymidine biosynthesis.
The Multifunctionality of Discourse Operator Okay: Evidence from a police interview

Abstract The multifunctionality of discourse operator okay in a broad array of spoken discourse settings has been well-attested in the research literature, e.g., acknowledgement/acceptance, progression check, topic transition, etc. In addition, okay is often seen to perform multiple simultaneous and sometimes apparently contradictory functions. In this analysis of the discourse of an interviewing police officer, I show how okay can be recruited to perform the interactive work of not only task management but also, in other instances, of solidarity overture and, in yet others, of confrontation . I conclude by suggesting that in recruitments signaling confrontation, a global approbative ‘meaning’ can be seen to govern okay's multifunctionality in unexpected ways.
SU‐GG‐T‐379: Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) Analysis Software for Radiation Therapy Research

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to develop dose‐volume histogram (DVH) analysissoftware that can be used for research with a large quantity of patient data in radiation therapy. Currently, the software converts RTOG output files from the Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) (Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands) into DVH analyzed data for all structures involved in the IMRT plans. Method and Materials:IMRT patient data to be analyzed were exported into RTOG format files from the TPS. RTOG files, with differential DVH information, were read and transformed into cumulative DVH data. Matlab (The Mathworks Inc, Natick, MA) based codes were developed to identify all the target and normal structure volumes, and treatment planning parameters in RTOG formats. The software utilized the CERR (Washington University at St. Louis) and standard DICOM image manipulation tools. The DVH analysis was based on a cosine interpolationnumerical analysis technique; and the uncertainty in data interpolation was controlled by using piecewise polynomial fittings in DVH curves. The accuracy of DVH analysis was compared with TPS produced DVHs and evaluated with a 4‐mm resolution. Results: The execution time for fully automated DVH analysis of all organs in the IMRT plan was typically 10 minutes per patient data with the clock speed of 1.8 GHz and 1024 MB RAM. The normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD) was less than 1% for all DVHs except in the high dose gradient slope regions (<2% NRMSD). Conclusion: A DVH analysissoftware system has been developed that can be efficiently used for research requiring the handling of a large number of structures or patient data. More user‐friendly features of dose and volume selections, expansion to other TPSs, and statistical indices are under development. The software will be available to the radiation oncology community in the future.