cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chinchilla middle ear transmission matrix model and middle-ear flexibility.

The function of the middle ear (ME) in transforming ME acoustic inputs and outputs (sound pressures and volume velocities) can be described with an acoustic two-port transmission matrix. This description is independent of the load on the ME (cochlea or ear canal) and holds in either direction: forward (from ear canal to cochlea) or reverse (from cochlea to ear canal). A transmission matrix describing ME function in chinchilla, an animal commonly used in auditory research, is presented, computed from measurements of forward ME function: input admittance YTM, ME pressure gain GMEP, ME velocity transfer function HV, and cochlear input admittance YC, in the same set of ears [Ravicz and Rosowski (2012b). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, 2437–2454; (2013a). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133, 2208–2223; (2013b). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 2852–2865]. Unlike previous estimates, these computations require no assumptions about the state of the inner ear, effectiveness of ME manipulations, or measurements of sound transmission in the reverse direction. These element values are generally consistent with physical constraints and the anatomical ME “transformer ratio.” Differences from a previous estimate in chinchilla [Songer and Rosowski (2007). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 932–942] may be due to a difference in ME flexibility between the two subject groups.
Thiol-Triggered Release of Intraliposomal Content from Liposomes Made of Extremophile-Inspired Tetraether Lipids

Liposomal drug-delivery systems have been used for delivery of drugs to targeted tissues while reducing unwanted side effects. DOXIL, for instance, is a liposomal formulation of the anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) that has been used to address problems associated with nonspecific toxicity of free DOX. However, while this liposomal formulation allows for a more-stable circulation of doxorubicin in the body compared to free drug, the efficacy for cancer therapy is reduced in comparison with systemic injections of free drug. A robust liposomal system that can be triggered to release DOX in cancer cells could mitigate problems associated with reduced drug efficacy. In this work, we present a serum-stable, cholesterol-integrated tetraether lipid comprising of a cleavable disulfide bond, {GcGT(S–S)PC–CH}, that is designed to respond to the reducing environment of the cell to trigger the release intraliposomal content upon cellular uptake by cancer cells. A cell viability assay revealed that DOX- loaded lipos...
The Colonial (Dis)order and the (Im)possibility of Redemption: Jeong, Abolition, and Living from the “End of the World”

ABSTRACTThis article develops the oppositional edge of postcolonial theologies by way of Frantz Fanon’s anti-colonial desire for the “end of the world.” It connects W. Anne Joh’s elaboration of jeong – the living in excess of (neo)colonial violence – to Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s anti-fascist critique of the godlike desires of European humanism (the sicut deus). The overall aim of the article is to clarify and assess what is at stake in a project of eschatological decolonialism. What might it mean to think theologically about salvation as abolition? And what might it look like to live from the “end of the world?”
Program Planning in Health Professions Education.

In this chapter, the major concepts from program planning in adult education will be applied to health professions education (HPE). Curriculum planning and program planning will be differentiated, and program development and planning will be grounded in a systems thinking approach.
Effects of Percutaneous LVAD Support on Right Ventricular Load and Adaptation

Both operative and hemodynamic mechanisms have been implicated in right heart failure (RHF) following surgical left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We investigated the effects of percutaneous LVAD (pLVAD; Impella®, Abiomed) support on right ventricular (RV) load and adaptation. We reviewed all patients receiving a pLVAD for cardiogenic shock at our institution between July 2014 and April 2017, including only those with pre- and post-pLVAD invasive hemodynamic measurements. Hemodynamic data was recorded immediately prior to pLVAD implantation and up to 96 h post-implantation. Twenty-five patients were included. Cardiac output increased progressively during pLVAD support. PAWP improved early post-pLVAD but did not further improve during continued support. Markers of RV adaptation (right ventricular stroke work index, right atrial pressure (RAP), and RAP to pulmonary artery wedge pressure ratio (RAP:PAWP)) were unchanged acutely implant but progressively improved during continued pLVAD support. Total RV load (pulmonary effective arterial elastance; EA) and resistive RV load (pulmonary vascular resistance; PVR) both declined progressively. The relationship between RV load and RV adaptation (EA/RAP and EA/RAP:PAWP) was constant throughout. Median vasoactive-inotrope score declined after pLVAD placement and continued to decline throughout support. Percutaneous LVAD support in patients with cardiogenic shock did not acutely worsen RV adaptation, in contrast to previously described hemodynamic effects of surgically implanted durable LVADs. Further, RV load progressively declined during support, and the noted RV adaptation improvement was load-dependent as depicted by constant EA/RA and EA/RAP:PAWP relationships. These findings further implicate the operative changes associated with surgical LVAD implantation in early RHF following durable LVAD.
The first 100 feet: options for Internet and broadband access

The growth of the Internet has been propelled in significant part by user investment in infrastructure: computers, internal wiring, and the connection to the Internet provider. This "bottom-up" investment minimizes the investment burden facing providers. New technologies such as wireless and data transmission over power lines, as well as deregulation of telecommunications and electric utilities, will provide new opportunities for user investment in intelligent infrastructure as leverage points for Internet and broadband access.Recasting the "problem of the last 100 feet" as "the opportunity of the first 100 feet," this book challenges individuals, businesses, and policymakers to rethink fundamental issues in telecommunications policy. The contributors look at options for Internet and broadband access from the perspective of homeowners, apartment complexes, and small businesses. They evaluate the opportunities and obstacles for bottom-up infrastructure development and the implications for traditional and alternative providers at the neighborhood, regional, and national levels. Already, some argue that Internet service will become the common denominator platform on which all other services can be carried.A Publication of the Harvard Information Infrastructure Project.
Genes Expressed Selectively in Murine and Human Plasma Cell Neoplasms

For the past several years, we have been using a novel subtractive cDNA cloning method to identify genes that are differentially expressed in murine plasmacytoma cell lines and tumors but not in murine mature B cell lymphomas [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The murine cDNAs have been screened against a panel of plasmacytoma cell lines, B and pre-B lymphoma cell lines, other hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell lines, normal tissues, and two models of normal plasma cells (spleen cells from mice reconstituted with hematopoietic stem cells infected with an JL-6 retrovirus and spleen cells cultured for 5 days in vitro with LPS).
Eddington and Einstein

In this paper I shall discuss Eddington’s work in the field of relativity and Einstein’s reaction to it. But it must be stressed that his work in this area, important as it was, is the lesser part of his life’s work. His greatest and most enduring contributions were in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics. His biographer, A.V. Douglas,1 says: “After 1906 astronomy was the dominant interest in Eddington’s life and, to a most unusual extent, his work was his life and his life was his work.”
A Mission-Based Approach to Teaching Finance

A focus on purely economic and financial metrics and tools has contributed to the failure of our economic system to address growing social injustice and environmental threats. Educational institutions with missions that aim to mitigate these problems are uniquely positioned to improve our economies and communities by adopting an approach to financial decision making that considers a broad range of information, and selects from that the sources and tools relevant to addressing specific issues. A holistic approach to financial decision making is supported by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the encyclical of Pope Francis. This chapter outlines a college-level course structure that emphasizes the critical roles of ethics, sustainability and industry-specific expertise in responsible financial decision-making. Business schools that aim to support sustainable development could provide fresh evidence to the accreditation bodies that teaching and learning in their campus communities are fully aligned with their missions by offering similar courses.
Glucocorticoids and Fetal Lung Development

ABSTRACT When glucocorticoids are administered to fetuses of various species in utero, they exert a number of diverse effects on the lung within 24-72 hours. These include changes in lung morphology and the rate of lung growth, in cell differentiation, and alterations in phospholipid and glycogen metabolism. As a result, the overall maturation of the fetal lung is accelerated. The capacity of the lung to produce surface-active phospholipids in enhanced; they are produced at an earlier time in gestation than would normally occur without steroid administration. As in other glucocorticoid target tissues, one of the earliest events in the interaction of the steroid with high-affinity, glucocorticoid-specific, receptors in the cytoplasm. Following activation, the steroid-receptor complex migrates to the nucleus and binds to high-affinity acceptor sites on the chromatin. It is believed that this nuclear interaction influences the rate of synthesis of specific mRNA's which code for the synthesis of specific proteins. Among the newly synthesized proteins are enzymes involved in the synthesis and/or secretion of surface-active phospholipids. There is also considerable evidence to support the notion that physiological levels of endogenous glucocorticoids affect fetal lung development. However, whether endogenous steroids represent the natural trigger for the initiation of lung maturation and surfactant production is not known. Efforts to correlate changes in hormone levels with lung maturation have been controversial, since, in certain species, cortisol concentrations in the fetal circulation do not rise significantly prior to the onset of surfactant production. Nevertheless, mechanisms seem to be operative during the last trimester of pregnancy which increase the supply of active glucocorticoid available to the fetal lung. These include an increase in the proportion of unbound circulating cortisol and an increased capacity of the fetal lung to convert cortisone to cortisol.
Growth of Agrostis palustris in subsurface black-layered sand induced by cyanobacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria

The growth of Agrostis palustris was evaluated in sand columns in response to black-layer formed by the interaction of cyanobacteria in the genera Oscillatoria (isolates OS-1 and OS-2) and Nostoc (NS-1) with the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. All plants of A. palustris transplanted into black-layered sand columns survived, and the black-layer cleared adjacent to roots as they grew down in the column. Black-layer remained in the columns below the advancing root tips. After 10 weeks of growth, numerous roots showed discontinuous reddish-brown discoloration on their surfaces. Shoot growth of A. palustris was reduced in response to all cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans isolates alone or in combination. Root growth was unaffected by the microorganisms with the exception of stimulation by OS-1 and inhibition by D. desulfuricans. Interaction of the microbes and the formation of black-layer is discussed relative to the growth of A. palustris.
Optimization of Transient Voltage Preventive Control of Receiving-End Power Grid Considering Start-up Unit Measures

With the rapid development of ultra-high voltage direct current construction, the replacement effect of conventional power supply at the receiving-end power grid is intensified, and its insufficient reactive power support capacity has become an increasingly serious problem. In order to solve the problem, an on-line optimal decision method for transient voltage security prevention control of the receiving-end grid considering start-up unit measures is proposed. A stage-by-stage optimization strategy is adopted to first switch the reactors and capacitors, then to adjust the reactive power of the units, and finally to start up units. The heuristic algorithm based on the control performance index and the parallel computing platforms are used to meet the computing speed requirement of the online system. The transient voltage control performance indexes of the reactors/capacitors and the reactive power adjustable unit measures are established according to the voltage sensitivity for the weakest transient voltage monitored bus. And the transient voltage control performance indexes of the start-up unit measures are established according to the electrical distance between their high-voltage side buses and the weakest transient voltage monitored bus. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a case study of an actual receiving-end power grid.
A path to next-generation reproducibility in cheminformatics.

Currently, the submission guidelines for the Journal of Cheminformatics say it will “only publish research or software that is entirely reproducible by third parties.” They go on to specify that being reproducible means that anything essential to the conclusion of the paper be freely accessible and states that source code must be provided. I submit that this definition of reproducibility is too narrow—that a cheminformatics method can only truly be replicated by reimplementing it from a detailed, step-by-step high-level description to determine how reliably the algorithm per se does what it is intended to do.
«A New Global Ethic»: A History of the United Nations International Environmental Education Program, 1975-1995

In 1975, the United Nations, under the auspices of its Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Environment Program (UNEP), established the International Environmental Education Program (IEEP). For two decades, IEEP aimed to accomplish goals ascribed to it by UNESCO member states and fostered communication across the international community through Connect , the UNESCO-UNEP environmental education newsletter. After reviewing UNESCO’s early involvement with the environment, this study examines IEEP’s development, beginning with its conceptual grounding in the 1968 UNESCO Biosphere Conference. It examines the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, moves on to the UNESCO-UNEP 1975 Belgrade Workshop, and continues with the world’s first intergovernmental conference dedicated to environmental education held in Tbilisi in 1977. The paper then uses Connect to trace changes in the form and content of environmental education. Across two decades, environmental education shifted from providing instruction about nature protection and natural resource conservation to fostering an environmental ethic through a problems-based, interdisciplinary study of the ecology of the total environment to adopting the concept of sustainable development. IEEP ultimately met with mixed success. Yet it was the primary United Nations program assigned the task of creating and implementing environmental education globally and thus offers a particularly useful lens through which to analyze changes in the international community’s understanding of the concept of the environment over time.
Catalytic Properties of Pt Monolayer Electrocatalysts

Platinum monolayer electrocatalysts, i.e., the electrocatalysts with ultimately low Pt loading, are described for various reactions. Various approaches to enhance oxygen reduction kinetics have been shown through numerous examples and explained in terms of combined electronic effect and factors that follow geometric structure. The enhancement of ORR is shown with careful choice of substrate that induces small compressive lateral strain of Pt monolayer and shifts d-band center and binding energies of small adsorbates (O, OH), thus altering the kinetics or ORR. Cores with preferential (111) orientation with minimized low-coordination atoms, single metal cores, nanowires and nanorods, metallic aerogels, intermetallic compounds, nitride-stabilized non-noble metal atoms were tested, and even complete removal of the core atoms was found beneficial for ORR. In addition, replacement of atoms in the Pt shell by an easily oxidized atom may dramatically increase the ORR activity. Examples of PtML in oxidation kinetics of small organic molecules are also shown.
Rice-induced secondary metabolite gene expression in Aspergillus nidulans

Activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters in fungi remains a challenge for discovery of new useful natural products. In this work, we identify a group of silent secondary metabolite gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans that are induced by rice (Oryza sativa). Using reverse phase HPLC purification on extracts of rice, we identified the plant hormone gibberellic acid as one compound present in rice extracts that induced these silent genes. Additionally, select secondary metabolite (SM) genes activated by rice were tested for responses to several plant hormones which produced distinctly different transcriptomic profiles in A. nidulans. These observations support the idea that phytohormones play an important role in regulating fungal SM biosynthesis while additionally serving as a source of natural product chemical libraries to screen for useful compounds.
Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War

This article analyzes the role of human-rights ideas in the collapse of Communism. The demise of Communist rule in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union was significantly influenced by the transnational diffusion of humanrights ideas. The analysis focuses on how human-rights norms were transmitted to Soviet dissidents and policymakers. The article also considers precisely how, and how much, these norms affected policy. The two primary causal mechanisms were the transmission of these ideas by a transnational Eastern European social movement for human rights, which expanded the roster of available political concepts and the terms of political legitimacy, and the mechanism of “rhetorical entrapment” whereby Soviet leaders became “trapped” or constrained to uphold their rhetorical commitment to the Helsinki Accords by the expanding discourse of human rights. Subsequently, Soviet leaders accepted human rights ideas for both substantive and instrumental reasons. Western power played some role, but the ideas thems...
Joint Position Accuracy Is Influenced by Visuoproprioceptive Congruency in Virtual Reality.

Weighted integration of visual and proprioceptive information is important in movement planning and execution. The present study used a virtual reality system to determine how upper limb movement c...
A survey of storm-induced seaward-transport features observed during the 2019 and 2020 hurricane seasons

Hurricanes are known to play a critical role in reshaping coastlines, particularly on the open ocean coast in cases of overwash, but storm induced seaward-directed flow and responses are often ignored or un-documented. Subaerial evidence for seaward sediment transport (outwash, return-flow) increases our understanding of the impact hurricanes have on coastal and barrier island evolution. Towards this goal we catalog all available National Geodetic Survey Emergency Response Imagery (ERI), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) collection of post-hurricane aerial imagery on the U.S East Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts, for visible washout and return flow features. The most recent examples are from the North Core Banks, North Carolina, after Hurricane Dorian (2019), the Carolina coasts after Hurricane Isaias (2020), the Isles Dernieres, Louisiana, after Hurricane Zeta (2020), and the southwest coast of Louisiana, after Hurricanes Laura and Delta (2020); these include erosive scours and channels but also depositional deltas and fans on the shoreface and nearshore. Over the nearly 200 km of coastline analyzed, hundreds of seaward-flow features were identified; the density exceeds 20 per km in some areas. Individual features measure between 5 m and 500 m in both the along- and cross-shore dimensions. The extensive occurrence of these storm-induced return-flow and outwash morphologic features demonstrates that their sediment transport role may be more influential than previously thought. Based on these observations, we advocate for their inclusion in coastal change hazards classification schemes and coastal evolution morphodynamic models and propose an adoption of direction-explicit terms to use when describing return- and seaward-flow features to reduce redundant jargon and distinguish them from more frequently documented landward-flow features.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Cyanobacterial Circadian Clock

Circadian clocks are intracellular systems that provide an internal representation of time to regulate metabolism in preparation for day and night. A variety of mechanisms arose throughout the evolutionary tree as an adaptation to predictable daily swings in ambient light and temperature. In this chapter we will focus exclusively on the circadian clock shared by the cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus and Thermosynechococcus elongatus, with a noncomprehensive scope that emphasizes mechanism. As will hopefully become apparent here, the cyanobacterial system is valuable to the broader circadian clocks field because it yields conceptual insights into biological timekeeping at a level of detail higher and more comprehensive than those achieved so far in other systems. Major takeaways of this chapter include the following: (1) coordination of moving clock components is achieved through long-range allostery mediated by changes in structure and dynamics such that the clock runs clockwise and not counterclockwise, and (2) the fold-switching behavior of a clock protein underpins circadian rhythms of gene expression.
Realtime Greenhouse Environment Monitoring Based on LoRaWAnProtocol using Grafana

IoT in agriculture is growing rapidly, this is because the market demand for quality food ingredients is always increasing. To get quality food ingredients, it is necessary to take good care of plants, this is where the use of IoT is needed. In this research, a real-time IoT-based for greenhouse monitoring system will be developed using the LoRa communication protocol. There are 4 sensing parameters, temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil moisture. This sensor data will be sent using LoRa RFM95 to the LoRa gateway and then save in Antares as an IoT platform. The transmission performance of LoRa is influenced by the spreading factor value and placement of the LoRa device. In indoor conditions, the average RSSI value obtained is -113 dBm and the SNR is 0.96 dB Meanwhile, in outdoor conditions, the average RSSI value obtained is -89.8 dBm and the SNR is 4.84 dB This affects the amount of data successfully sent, in indoor conditions with the value of SF12, the data successfully sent is 292 out of 480 data packets that should have been sent, while in outdoor conditions with the value of SF12, the data successfully sent is 451 out of 480 data packets. which should have been sent. The ratio of packet loss for indoor and outdoor is 39.17% for indoor and 6.04% for outdoor.
Chosen Family, Care, and the Workplace

Fewer than twenty percent of American households consist of a traditional nuclear family—a married couple living together with their shared children. Couples routinely live together without marrying, blended and multigenerational families are increasingly common, and many adults, including a sizeable share of senior citizens, live alone. It is therefore not surprising that employees often request time off work to care for the medical needs of loved ones who are part of their extended or chosen family. Until recently, most workers would not have had any legal right to take such leave. A rapidly growing number of state laws, however, not only guarantee paid time off for family health needs but also adopt innovative and expansive definitions of eligible family. Several provide leave to care for intimate partners without requiring legal formalization of the relationship and they also explicitly cover a broad range of extended family. Some go further to include any individual who has a relationship with the employee that is “like” or “equivalent to” a family relationship. Still others employ a functional approach that simply asks whether a sick individual depends on the employee for care. This Essay provides the first detailed analysis of inclusive definitions of family enacted in state paid leave laws, as well as similar language in proposed federal legislation. It argues that providing workers the autonomy to define their own concept of family is essential, given varied makeup of modern families. A flexible standard is especially important for people of color and the LGBTQ+ community, whose care networks are particularly likely to extend beyond the boundaries of the nuclear family. Such flexibility, however, can pose administrative challenges. The laws will only achieve their purpose if both public and private personnel implementing them understand the broad scope of coverage and take steps to ensure that employees whose families depart from traditional norms are protected from workplace discrimination. This Essay identifies potential obstacles to effective implementation and suggests strategies for addressing them.
On Dissent: Its Meaning in America

1. From judicial dissent to peaceful protest 2. From civil to uncivil disobedience 3. The vagaries of violence 4. Dissent, inc. 5. Dissent and law's parameters.
NASA Airborne Science Program: NASA Stratospheric Platforms

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration conducts a wide variety of remote sensing projects using several unique aircraft platforms. These vehicles have been selected and modified to provide capabilities that are particularly important for geophysical research, in particular, routine access to very high altitudes, long range, long endurance, precise trajectory control, and the payload capacity to operate multiple, diverse instruments concurrently. While the NASA program has been in operation for over 30 years, new aircraft and technological advances that will expand the capabilities for airborne observation are continually being assessed and implemented. This presentation will review the current state of NASA's science platforms, recent improvements and new missions concepts as well as provide a survey of emerging technologies unmanned aerial vehicles for long duration observations (Global Hawk and Predator). Applications of information technology that allow more efficient use of flight time and the ability to rapidly reconfigure systems for different mission objectives are addressed.
A Lyapunov machine for stability analysis of nonlinear systems

Dynamic analysis of nonlinear system requires tool for study of arbitrary sets of positive semi-trajectories for the system rather than only single semi-trajectories. Such a study is difficult because of very high computational complexity. This paper proposes a Lyapunov machine as a possible tool for stability analysis of nonlinear autonomous systems. The Lyapunov machine is able to test global asymptotic stability, to isolate local asymptotic stability domains and to approximate a Lyapunov function for the system. >
Hemoglobin switching in sheep: a comparison of the erythropoietin- induced switch to HbC and the fetal to adult hemoglobin switch

Stimulation of sheep erythropoietic progenitor cells by erythropoietin (epo) has been studied with regard to its effect on the pattern of hemoglobin production. An analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in BFU-E- and CFU-E-derived colonies from fetuses either homozygous for HbA (AA) (homozygous also for the beta c gene responsible for HbC production) or HbB (BB) (lacking the beta c gene) indicated the following. Colonies derived from precursor cells from 51- and 89-day fetuses exhibited small but detectable increments of HbB synthesis with prolonged incubation in vitro. This response was not dependent on the epo concentration. Erythropoietic precursor cells from a 124-day BB fetus were already committed to HbB synthesis, since HbF production was replaced by HbB on successive days in vitro as erythroid colonies matured; this switch was not affected by varying the epo concentration. In contrast, progenitor cells from a 124-day AA fetus responded to higher doses of epo by forming colonies in which more HbC was made at the expense of both HbF and HbA. Erythropoietic stress did not result in induction of HbF in vivo or in erythroid colonies derived from CFU-E in young adult BB sheep, whereas our prior studies had shown induction of HbC synthesis under analogous conditions in colonies derived from young adult AA sheep. We conclude that the epo-induced HbF (or HbA) to HbC switch and the fetal to adult hemoglobin switch are regulated by different mechanisms.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Escape During Chronic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist and Testosterone Treatment

Observations that serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels begin to rise after initial suppression during chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment of men with prostate cancer had led to speculation that FSH escape might in part account for the failure of GnRH agonist analogs to completely suppress spermatogenesis in normal eugonadal men. However, previous studies in healthy young men failed to report FSH escape during GnRH agonist treatment for up to 16 weeks. We considered the possibility that this may have been due to the insensitivity of the FSH assays. Accordingly, using highly sensitive and specific two-site directed fluorometric assays and a sustained-release GnRH agonist formulation, we reexamined the issue of whether serum FSH levels rise after initial suppression during chronic GnRH agonist treatment. Two groups of healthy normal men, 19-50 years of age, received 7.5 mg of a long-acting GnRH agonist microcapsule formulation (Lupron Depot; TAP Pharmaceutical Company, North Chicago, Illinois) on days 1 and 30. In addition, the subjects received either 4 or 8 mg/day testosterone replacement by means of a testosterone microcapsule injected intramuscularly on day 1. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH levels were measured by sensitive and specific two-site directed fluorometric assays on multiple occasions during the 3-week control period and the 9-week treatment period. Serum LH levels declined to a nadir between 2 and 4 weeks and stayed suppressed throughout the remainder of the treatment period in both the 4- and 8-mg testosterone groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic Regulation of Ribonucleoside and Deoxyribonucleoside Catabolism in Salmonella typhimurium

Four enzymes involved in ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside catabolism (deoxyribose-5-P aldolase, thymidine phosphorylase, phosphodeoxyribomutase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase) are coded for by four closely linked structural genes on the Salmonella chromosome. The genetic order of these genes is (deoC-deoA-deoB-deoD)-serB-thr. Studies on polarity mutants and induction patterns indicate that the deoB and deoD genes may constitute a single operon and that the deoC and deoA genes may constitute a second closely linked operon.
Boron—nitrogen compounds : LX. The reaction of (2-pyridylamino)diphenylborane with aldehydes and ketones☆

Abstract (2-Pyridylamino)diphenylborane reacts cleanly with aldehydes or ketones in a 1,2-addition of the 2-pyridylamino and diphenylboryl fragments of the aminoborane across a carbonyl group. The 1 : 1 molar reaction proceeds smoothly and with good yields; the resultant products are stable in air indicating fourfold coordination at the boron, This assumption is also borne out by spectroscopic data.
Chapter 2 Worm Watching: Imaging Nervous System Structure and Function in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Caenorhabditis elegans has become a model system of choice for optical approaches to cellular biology largely due to its extraordinary combination of transparency, well‐defined anatomy, rapid generation time, and simple genetics. In particular, studies in nervous system development and function have benefited tremendously since C. elegans was first examined under the microscope. After the introduction of green fluorescent protein as a means of following gene expression and protein localization in living animals, a variety of optical approaches have been developed for probing and perturbing neuronal activity. Microfluidic technologies have opened new possibilities for high‐resolution imaging during behavior. Femtosecond pulsed lasers allow for precise severing of individual processes in the living animal. This chapter will cover some recent methodological advances in imaging worm neurons as well as some of the many biological details of the worm nervous system revealed by these new optical approaches. Advantages and limitations of these methods will be discussed in this chapter.
Book Review: Challenges to Digital Forensic Evidence

Cohen, F. (2008). Challenges to Digital Forensic Evidence. Livermore, CA: Fred Cohen & Associates. 129 pages, ISBN: 1-878109-41-3, US$39. Reviewed by Gary C. Kessler (gary.kessler@champlain.edu) This book is about evidence gleaned as the result of the digital forensics process and providing expert testimony about that evidence. I am always suspicious when someone self-proclaims themselves as an "expert" although all authors are doing just that, at least by inference. Readers who are familiar with the author, Fred Cohen, or his large body of published works will know that he neither proclaims his expertise quietly nor inaccurately. Indeed, Cohen is an ideal person to weigh in on the topic of suitability and malleability of information acquired from computers and about providing testimony about that information and the process with which it was found. (see PDF for full review)
Studies on Polynucleotides LXXXI. YEAST PHENYLALANINE TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID: PARTIAL DIGESTION WITH PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASE

Abstract Products obtained by partial degradation of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA with pancreatic ribonuclease have been characterized. Under limiting conditions of digestion, the transfer RNA was preferentially cleaved only at two points in the chain. The susceptibility of a certain region of the molecule to cleavage by pancreatic ribonuclease indicates that the trinucleotide sequence 2'-O-methylguanylyladenylyladenylyl (-2'OMeG-A-A-) represents the anticodon in yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA.
Origin, diversification and conservation status of talus snails in the Pinaleño Mountains: a conservation biogeographic study

For many taxa, determining conservation status and priority is impeded by lack of adequate taxonomic and range data. For these problematic groups, we propose combining molecular techniques with careful geographic sampling to evaluate the validity, extent and phylogenetic relatedness of the proposed units of diversity. We employed such a strategy to document monophyletic lineages, range extents and phylogenetic relatedness for talus snails (genus Sonorella) in the Pinaleno Mountains of Arizona, an isolated range that has the most vertical relief of any of the sky islands in Arizona. Three of the four species found in the Pinaleno Mountains have been considered candidate species for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Further, one of these taxa, Sonorella macrophallus, is of particular concern and was protected under an USFS conservation agreement until 2004, due to its presumed endemicity to a narrow portion of one canyon. We collected a large dataset of 12S and COI mitochondrial DNA, and subsamples of reproductive morphology from specimens collected throughout the Pinalenos and from adjacent ranges (e.g. the Huachucas, Chiricahuas and Santa Catalinas). We generated a phylogeny based on the mitochondrial data, and matched clades with named species utilizing reproductive morphology. Our results show that both S. macrophallus and Sonorella imitator are relatively widespread across the Pinalenos while Sonorella grahamensis and Sonorella christenseni are restricted to very small areas. These results dramatically change our previous knowledge about range extents, especially for S. macrophallus. Given these results, land managers may need to reassess the status of all four Sonorella species. Finally, all Sonorella species from the Pinalenos are more closely related to each other than to other taxa on other ranges. This result strongly suggests that diversification of the four Sonorella species in the Pinalenos occurred in situ.
Molecular signatures associated with clinical outcome in patients with high-risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by surgery and radiation

4466 Although clinical features can define excellent prognosis in a small subset of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the local-regional control rate in the remaining high-risk patients remains poor and is unpredictable for a given individual. This study examined whether gene expression patterns developed from tumors from high-risk HNSCC patients could be correlated with clinical outcome, namely metastasis or non-recurrent disease. Primary tumors from patients treated with curative intent using a consistent protocol of surgery followed by radiotherapy were examined. A set of fifteen tumors from a larger pool of patients categorized by surgico-pathological criteria as being at high risk were examined; seven developed distant metastasis (DM) and eight had no recurrence (NR) of disease after a median follow-up period of 59 months. Unsupervised clustering of gene expression did not separate the two groups from one another. However, when supervised methodologies were used 205 (of 8124) differentially regulated genes discriminated the two groups. Within the DM group, genes associated with: cell growth and proliferation; DNA replication, recombination and repair; anti-apoptotic pathways; cell adhesion; and angiogenesis were identified. For NR samples, differentially regulated genes were associated with the onset of apoptosis. Our data suggest that gene expression analysis of surgically excised HNSCC tumors from patients considered as high-risk for recurrence has the potential to identify individuals that are susceptible to metastasis based upon distinct gene expression patterns. These patients would be ideal candidates for testing systemic therapy.
Almost periodic configurations on linear cellular automata

We study computational properties of linear cellular automata on configurations that differ from spatially periodic ones in only finitely many places. It is shown that the degree structure of the orbits of cellular automata is the same on these configurations as on the space of finite configurations. We also show that it is undecidable whether the cellular automaton exhibits complicated behavior on configurations of sufficiently long spatial periods and exhibit cellular automata with undecidable orbits whose orbits on backgrounds of all fixed sizes are decidable.
A cAMP-dependent Ca2+ signalling pathway at the endplate provided by the γ to ε subunit switch in ACh receptors

Abstract During development of neuromuscular junctions there is a switch in the expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) from an embryonic form (γ-AChR) to an adult form (e-AChR). Studies with γ- and e-AChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed that the γ to e subunit switch accelerates rates of desensitization and increases Ca 2+ permeability. Site-directed mutagenesis of the γ and e subunits suggests that these changes are regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation on the e subunit. These results suggest that the γ to e subunit switch could provide for a cAMP- dependent Ca 2+ signalling pathway at the endplate.
Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase: Potential Therapeutic Target and Putative Metabolic Oncogene

Exemplified by cancer cells' preference for glycolysis, for example, the Warburg effect, altered metabolism in tumorigenesis has emerged as an important aspect of cancer in the past 10-20 years. Whether due to changes in regulatory tumor suppressors/oncogenes or by acting as metabolic oncogenes themselves, enzymes involved in the complex network of metabolic pathways are being studied to understand their role and assess their utility as therapeutic targets. Conversion of glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate into phosphohydroxypyruvate by the enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)-a rate-limiting step in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to serine-represents one such mechanism. Forgotten since classic animal studies in the 1980s, the role of PHGDH as a potential therapeutic target and putative metabolic oncogene has recently reemerged following publication of two prominent papers near-simultaneously in 2011. Since that time, numerous studies and a host of metabolic explanations have been put forward in an attempt to understand the results observed. In this paper, I review the historic progression of our understanding of the role of PHGDH in cancer from the early work by Snell through its reemergence and rise to prominence, culminating in an assessment of subsequent work and what it means for the future of PHGDH.
Magneto-optical characterization of HgCdTe thin films

A magneto-optical system is described that allows for spatial mapping of Faraday rotation and infrared transmission of HgCdTe thin films. Composition, thickness, and absorption coefficient of HgCdTe samples are determined from analysis of transmission spectra. Carrier concentration is extracted from analysis of Faraday rotation spectra. The system provides noncontact, nondestructive rapid screening or detailed diagnostics of HgCdTe material. We also show that the results of resonant magneto-optical spectroscopy support the observation of Faraday rotation caused by optical transitions from shallow compensating acceptors as well as near-midgap defect levels in material with similar x-value. We show that these magneto- optical methods are powerful tools for the study of impurity and defect levels in HgCdTe as well as for characterizing and screening HgCdTe.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Spatial output field for arbitrary input light field in a thermally self-induced inhomogeneous medium

Light propagation in a thermally self-induced inhomogeneous medium is investigated to find the transient spatial output field for an arbitrary incident field. The paraxial wave equation is coupled with the thermal diffusion equation to predict the output field as the index of refraction transiently changes due to absorption of light by the medium. The coupled equations are non-dimensionalized and are explicitly expressed in full non-linear form. A coupling parameter is derived to scale the degree of non-linearity. Limits for the validity of using the coupled wave-diffusion approach are given, with respect to bulk fluid motion and the transverse wave assumption. An additional constraint is given on the paraxial wave equation that arises due to the coupling with the diffusion equation. Numerical results are compared to exact solutions and experiments for Gaussian and multi-mode laser beams, which verify that this approach is accurate in the range of validity, and describes local, transient self-focusing in multi-mode beams.
Sex Differences in Objective and Projective Dependency Tests: A Meta-Analytic Review.

A meta-analysis of all studies published since 1950 wherein sex differences in subjects' scores on objective and/or projective dependency tests were assessed (N of studies = 97) revealed that (a) women of all ages consistently obtain higher dependency scores than do men on objective dependency tests; and (b) adult men obtain slightly higher scores than do adult women on projective dependency tests, but this sex difference is not obtained in younger (i.e., child and adolescent) subjects. Subsidiary analyses examined the impact of various mediating variables (e.g., clinical vs. nonclinical status of subjects) on observed sex differences in objective and projective dependency scores. Findings are discussed in the context of research on sex role socialization and dependency and within the framework of recent theoretical models that distinguish "implicit" from "self-attributed" dependency needs.
An investigation of job satisfaction as a moderator variable in predicting job success

Abstract This study investigates the hypothesis that job satisfaction functions as a moderator variable in the prediction of job success from ability test scores. Two groups, male and female assemblers, were divided into “high,” “middle,” and “low” job satisfaction subgroups. For each subgroup, regression equations were developed to predict two criteria of job success (average productivity and supervisor evaluation of performance) from ability measures. Multiple correlation coefficients were statistically significant for the male high job satisfaction subgroup on both criteria and for the female high job satisfaction subgroup on the productivity criterion. Prediction equations were not significant for any of the middle or low job satisfaction subgroups. Results tend to support the hypothesis under investigation.
Steady laminar natural convection plumes above a horizontal line heat source

Abstract The extensive past publication concerning the calculation of the behavior of laminar natural convection plumes above energy sources contains numerous elements of uncertainty and confusion concerning proper variables, boundary conditions, and governing equations. This paper, for the first time, states the problem in simplest variables, resolves various apparent redundancies in boundary conditions, and indicates the optimum way to formulate this boundary value problem. Results of numerical calculations are given in terms of the present simple formulation for a wide range of values of Prandtl number, some not having been treated before. Results of experiments with plumes are included to emphasize the various properties of plume flow and to indicate that the large thickness of the boundary region in the range of stable laminar plumes (i.e. at relatively low local Grashof numbers) should encourage the calculation of higher order approximations of the flow.
Beneficial Effects of Histocompatibility in High-Risk Corneal Transplantation

Forty-six consecutive patients at high risk for corneal graft rejection because of significant vascularization or previous graft rejection received transplanted corneas from donors who were selected on the basis of a negative lymphocyte crossmatch, ABO antigen blood group compatibility, and maximized HLA-A and HLA-B antigen matching. Graft survival in this study group was compared to that in a retrospective control group of 71 consecutive high-risk transplants performed in patients receiving corneas obtained randomly. We found no differences between groups in terms of demographic factors, cause of primary corneal disease, or the incidence of previous graft rejection. However, graft survival in the control group was only 49% (35 of 71) vs 83% (38 of 46) for the study group (P
Compressional and Absorptive Behavior of Bulk Fiber Systems

Methods are presented for the determination of (a) the interfiber volume of fibers in bulk form when immersed under pressure in water, and (b) the volume of water which can be absorbed by systems o...