cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intramuscular desferrioxamine slowed the decline in living skills in Alzheimer disease

Source Citation McLachlan DR, Dalton AJ, Kruck TP, et al. Intramuscular desferrioxamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1991 June 1;337:1304-8.
SleepMonitor: Monitoring Respiratory Rate and Body Position During Sleep Using Smartwatch

Respiratory rate and body position are two major physiological parameters in sleep study, and monitoring them during sleep can provide helpful information for health care. In this paper, we present SleepMonitor, a smartwatch based system which leverages the built-in accelerometer to monitor the respiratory rate and body position. To calculate respiratory rate, we design a filter to extract the weak respiratory signal from the noisy accelerometer data collected on the wrist, and use frequency analysis to estimate the respiratory rate from the data along each axis. Further, we design a multi-axis fusion approach which can adaptively adjust the estimates from the three axes and then significantly improve the estimation accuracy. To detect the body position, we apply machine learning techniques based on the features extracted from the accelerometer data. We have implemented our system on Android Wear based smartwatches and evaluated its performance in real experiments. The results show that our system can monitor respiratory rate and body position during sleep with high accuracy under various conditions.
Executives’ retention of vested restricted equity

We examine when and why executives retain vested restricted stock. A growing literature uses equity vesting events as a predictor of insider selling and, by extension, managerial myopia. Excluding mechanical tax withholdings, however, we find that executives do not sell vested restricted equity immediately but gradually over time. By retaining vested restricted stock, insiders realize annualized abnormal returns of 5.0-6.3%. Abnormal returns are higher for insiders who use discretion in paying taxes associated with the vested shares, in firms with a poor information environment, and for insiders who retain shares over the subsequent earnings announcement, consistent with an informed holding explanation.
Microwave Photonic Links with Very Low (≈ 3 dB) Amplifierless Noise Figure

Applications such as antenna remoting and CATV signal distribution require analog fiber optic links with very low noise figure, NF, and large dynamic range. Even a large link NF can be reduced by preceding the link with a sufficiently high-gain amplifier. However, the higher the NF of the amplifierless link the less feasible this approach is in practice, especially when one is simultaneously trying to satisfy a large dynamic range requirement. Consequently it is important to minimize the amplifierless link NF.
The Treatment of Nonidentifiable Models

The identifiability of a statistical model, or of the parameters that serve as an index for the model, is one of the pillars on which the classical approach to statistical estimation is based. For parametric classes of distributions represented as {Fθ;θ2Θ}, the parameter q is said to be identifiable if different values of the parameter, say θ1 and θ2, give rise to different distributions Fθ1 and Fθ2 of the observable variable X drawn from a distribution in the class. Without identifiability, a classical estimator bq of the unknown parameter q would necessarily be ambiguous, and thus of little use. The data can only help “identify” an equivalence class in which the parameter appears to reside, but they cannot provide a specific numerical value that would play the role of one’s best guess of the true value of the target parameter. In classical statistical estimation theory, the estimation of a nonidentifiable parameter is viewed, quite simply, as an ill-posed problem.
Testis-organizing H-Y antigen and the primary sex-determining mechanism of mammals.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the sex-determining mechanism of mammals. The uniqueness of mammals lies in the clear partitioning of their sex-determining mechanism into two components: the primary or gonadal determination and the secondary or extragonadal sex determination. By this partitioning, the first component becomes independent and beyond the reach of sex steroids. The embryonic indifferent gonads of mammals have the inherent tendency to develop toward the ovary. The precise meaning of this general statement is likely to be the bisexual expression of the ovary-organizing plasma membrane component and its specific membrane-bound receptor. Testicular organogenesis that normally, but not always, depends upon the presence of the Y-chromosome is the responsibility of the two plasma membrane components; the male-specific but ubiquitously expressed H-Y antigen and its specific receptors expressed only by gonadal cells but of both sexes. Testis-organizing H-Y antigen is not an integral component of the plasma membrane. Instead, it utilizes β2 -microglobulin-MHC antigen dimers as its plasma membrane anchorage sites. This enables H-Y antigen to play a hormone like role during testicular organogenesis. Thus, the primary sex of mammals is determined not so much by the presence or the absence of the Y chromosome but rather by the expression or nonexpression of H-Y antigen.
Information Sharing in the 21st Century

tion lies at its heart. It is not information that is power. It is the sharing of information that gives power. When the first hominids who discovered how to make tools, weapons, and fire shared this information with others of their kind, they began civilization’s slow and often uneven evolution toward our 21st century. The invention of writing ignited a bright new stage in the progressive sharing of information that has fueled the evolution of civilization. While the oral tradition allowed us to communicate directly only with the next generation or two, writing allowed us to record and communicate with virtually all future generations. In writing, our species learned to accumulate and accurately share knowledge obtained from many members of our society. The invention of movable type and the printing press triggered yet another dramatic evolutionary step. With the invention of the transistor, the integrated circuit, and digital technology, our civilization has made yet another dramatic step. Coupled with the invention of networks such as the Internet, computers and digital storage have become tools of information-sharing on a scale never before accomplished in all the millennia that precede our present day. The scientific method dictates that it is the sharing of information that permits the reproduction of experiments and verification of the theoretical predictions that anticipate their outcomes. The Internet has become a new tool for the capture, discovery, and sharing of information contributed by potentially every member of civilized society. The potential democratizing of information through this medium, and the stunning ability to comb effortlessly through unimaginably large archives of recorded data, confer on our civilization an opportunity for scientific, technological, and social progress on a scale never before imagined or experienced in history. That the works of every author, and potentially the knowledge of every individual member of global society, could be available to everyone at the touch of a keyboard is beyond historical experience. This gift is not without its potential hazards. 56 Information Sharing in the 21st Century
Lesbians and Abortions

While there are doctrinal and theoretical connections, the arguments for women’s freedom to be a lesbian or to have an abortion are usually articulated independently from each other. At one time, the abortion right seemed more secure than lesbian rights, but recently lesbianism seems to be accorded more legal protection than abortions. This article argues that lesbians have an important stake in the legal recognition of abortion rights. The article rehearses the doctrinal linkages, distinctions, and relative strength of the rights of lesbians and the right to abortion in American jurisprudence. The remainder of the article discusses the specific overlaps between lesbians and abortion as lived realities and as subject to legal regimes. For example, the article considers the availability of reproductive choice after the choicelessness of rape committed against lesbians, including a discussing of hate crimes against lesbians involving rape and of the erratic "rape exception" to abortion regulations. The next section examines the difficulties lesbians, especially young lesbians, face as what might be called "reproductive amateurs" who can become pregnant. As minors, they may be legally forced to interact with parents or judges hostile to their sexuality as well as to their desire to terminate pregnancy. As both minors and adults, they may be less likely to discover their pregnancy early, and thus they may be more likely to encounter strict time limits in abortion statutes. The final section considers the construction of lesbians and of women who have abortions as "independent" or as "man-hating" women. It argues that the paternalism of the law and specific statutes that seek to remove certain choices from women express male anxiety about the power of women, including, perhaps paradoxically, sex selection.
Business Cycles and Productivity in Capital Equipment Supply Chains

Cyclicality is a commonly observed phenomenon in market economies. Less well understood, however, is the amplification of cyclicality as one progresses up the supply chain from original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to first-, second-, and third-tier suppliers. Recent studies have focused on management techniques to minimize inventory costs when faced with amplification in product distribution chains (Baganha and Cohen 1996; Lee, Padmanabhan, and Whang 1997; Sterman 1989a).2 This paper instead examines long-term supplier productivity as influenced by amplification in capital goods supply chains.
Can Plantation Museums Do Full Justice to the Story of the Enslaved? A Discussion of Problems, Possibilities, and the Place of Memory

This article, structured as a prompt-and-response work, is authored by members of a research team investigating how slavery is absent and present at tourism plantation museums in the U.S. South. Th...
Using convolutional neural networks to predict galaxy metallicity from three-colour images

We train a deep residual convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the gas-phase metallicity ($Z$) of galaxies derived from spectroscopic information ($Z \equiv 12 + \log(\rm O/H)$) using only three-band $gri$ images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. When trained and tested on $128 \times 128$-pixel images, the root mean squared error (RMSE) of $Z_{\rm pred} - Z_{\rm true}$ is only 0.085 dex, vastly outperforming a trained random forest algorithm on the same data set (RMSE $=0.130$ dex). The amount of scatter in $Z_{\rm pred} - Z_{\rm true}$ decreases with increasing image resolution in an intuitive manner. We are able to use CNN-predicted $Z_{\rm pred}$ and independently measured stellar masses to recover a mass-metallicity relation with $0.10$ dex scatter. Because our predicted MZR shows no more scatter than the empirical MZR, the difference between $Z_{\rm pred}$ and $Z_{\rm true}$ can not be due to purely random error. This suggests that the CNN has learned a representation of the gas-phase metallicity, from the optical imaging, beyond what is accessible with oxygen spectral lines.
Validation of the electronic cigarette attitudes survey (ECAS) for youth.

Abstract Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents has rapidly increased in recent years, especially among Latinx and non-Latinx Black adolescents. Yet, limited research exists on adolescent attitudes that may contribute to the popularity of these products. This is in part due to the lack of measures focused on assessing adolescent attitudes towards e-cigarette use. The aim of this study was to develop a measure of adolescent e-cigarette use attitudes. The sample consisted mainly of Latinx and non-Latinx Black adolescents. Data were collected from 247 youth (M age = 16.0, SD = 1.2), 63.6% were girls, a majority (69.2%) were non-Latinx Black, and 27.1% were Latinx. The Electronic Cigarette Attitudes Survey (ECAS) is comprised of 12 items reflecting attitudes associated with e-cigarettes, which were derived from prior theoretical, quantitative, and qualitative work with e-cigarette users. To determine the factor structure, a parallel analysis scree plot and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the ECAS was conducted using half of the sample chosen at random (n = 113). Results supported a one-factor solution. A confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) was conducted on the other randomly chosen half of participants (n = 121). Results confirm a one-factor solution. No significant differences were found on ECAS scores based on race/ethnicity or e-cigarette use status (lifetime e-cigarette use vs. no use). The ECAS represents a viable measure for assessing e-cigarette attitudes among youth.
Concise total syntheses of (─)-jorunnamycin A and (─)-jorumycin enabled by asymmetric catalysis

The bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (bis-THIQ) natural products have been studied intensively over the past four decades for their exceptionally potent anticancer activity, in addition to strong gram-positive and -negative antibiotic character. Synthetic strategies toward these complex polycyclic compounds have relied heavily on electrophilic aromatic chemistry, such as the Pictet-Spengler reaction, that mimics their biosynthetic pathways. Herein we report an approach to two bis-THIQ natural products, jorunnamycin A and jorumycin, that instead harnesses the power of modern transition-metal catalysis for the three major bond-forming events and proceeds with high efficiency (15 and 16 steps, respectively). By breaking from biomimicry, this strategy allows for the preparation of a more diverse set of non-natural analogs.
Phenomenology, pedagogy, and poetry in the lives of women raising children in poverty: An approach for educational researchers

AbstractThough foundational to contemporary qualitative research of most types, phenomenology has, as a research method, not garnered much attention in recent years. In this paper, I define phenome...
Faith in God versus Faith in Wealth: Belief in a Higher Spiritual Power as a Determiner of Quality of Financial Life: An Abstract

Major monotheistic religions (Christianity and Islam), comprising of 55% of world religions’ followers (Hackett and Mcclendon 2015), conceptualize God as a supreme power who is in charge of the affairs of the universe and is the planner and an executor of everything that occurs. Religious philosophies of these religions encourage minimalism in personal life aspects, charitable behavior, as well as long-term orientation (belief in afterlife in heaven/hell). Therefore, the reliance of religious people on possessions/wealth is expected to be less as compared to nonreligious people. It may make them less likely to take measures to ensure their financial well-being. Since religious affiliations affect choices of consumptions and life behavior profoundly, it is valuable to assess the effect of religiosity on financial behavior. Statistical trends hint at the low financial well-being of religious people, but the phenomenon remains largely underexplored and calls for more investigation.
The impact of health literacy on urologic oncology care

Health literacy is the ability to access, comprehend, and act upon medical information to make health care decisions. In the United States, 12% of adults have proficient health literacy. Low health literacy has been associated with worse outcomes in several chronic medical conditions. In addition, low health literacy has been associated with longer hospital stays. In the urologic oncology literature low health literacy is associated with increased minor complications following radical cystectomy. There remains sparse data on health literacy and its impacts on prostate, kidney, testicular and penile cancer care. Going forward, in order to provide the best urologic oncology care to our patients it is critical to account for patients' health literacy status.
Quantifying the impact of antiangiogenic therapy on hypoxia and implications for radiation therapy in glioblastoma multiforme with a biomathematical model.

e13028 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor. As angiogenesis is a major hallmark of GBM, it can be inferred that hypoxia plays a prominent ro...
A STUDY ABOUT RISK AWARENESS ON ONLINE SHOPPING IN SRI LANKA

The internet has created a revolutionary impact in everyday communications and transactions. It is considered the fastest growing mode used to shop. Internet shopping is also referred to as online shopping. Online shopping is a fast and efficient way for consumers to purchase products and services. The purpose of this research is to provide insight into issues related to online shopping. A survey was carried out among the public to identify their perceptions of online purchasing and the challenges they face with online purchasing. The results indicated that there is a high level of respondents in the sample are aware about the risk on the online shopping in Sri Lanka. It is recommended that further research can be done to study the relationship between gender and online purchasing behavior with a focus on the Sri Lankan scenario which is unique in its diversity of population.
Ethical Design Intelligence: The Virtuous Designer

Ethical Design Intelligence: The Virtuous Designer explores the deep significance of philosophy and ethics to the practice of design. It offers designers from disciplines such as architecture, urban design, planning, landscape, interior, and industrial design an alternative ethical framework in which to expand their thinking about their practice. Arguing that design today is primarily an agency driven by the momentum of globalization, embedded in economy, materialism, and utility, the book reconceptualizes the notion of virtue in design practice. Across chapters covering topics such as virtuous character, creative agency, and unsustainable practices, the book scrutinizes design through a philosophical lens. d’Anjou dissects articulations from different philosophical thinkers from antiquity to contemporary time to reveal that ethics is fundamental to everything affected by design. Countering well-established modes of postmodern relativism in design, which has led to “defuturing” and “unsustainability,” ethical realism is presented as an alternative solution. This book is written for designers, educators, researchers, and students.
Dichalcogenide Landau miniband dynamics and spectrum in an antidot superlattice

This work addresses the dynamics of carriers in the Group VI dichalcogenides in a quantizing magnetic field with a model anti-dot superlattice in the system. The Green’s function describing the quantum dynamical development along the axis of the lattice is determined explicitly in terms of the known “no-lattice” dichalcogenide Green’s function subject to Landau quantization. The associated eigen-energy dispersion relation is formulated and approximately solved for weak lattice coupling, explicitly tracing the formation of Landau minibands in the spectrum of “relativistic” dichalcogenide carriers in a normal, quantizing magnetic field.
Critical Signaling Events in the Mechanoactivation of Human Mast Cells through p.C492Y-ADGRE2.

A role for the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor ADGRE2 or EMR2 in mechanosensing was revealed by the finding of a missense substitution (p.C492Y) associated with familial vibratory urticaria. In these patients, friction of the skin induces mast cell hyper-degranulation through p.C492Y-ADGRE2, causing localized hives, flushing, and hypotension. We have now characterized the responses and intracellular signals elicited by mechanical activation in human mast cells expressing p.C492Y-ADGRE2 and attached to dermatan sulfate, a ligand for ADGRE2. The presence of p.C492Y-ADGRE2 reduced the threshold to activation and increased the extent of degranulation along with the percentage of mast cells responding. Vibration caused phospholipase C activation, transient increases in cytosolic calcium, and downstream activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2 by Gβγ, Gαq/11, and Gαi/o-independent mechanisms. Degranulation induced by vibration was dependent on phospholipase C pathways, including calcium, protein kinase C, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase but not extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 pathways, along with pertussis toxin-sensitive signals. In addition, mechanoactivation of mast cells stimulated the synthesis and release of prostaglandin D2, to our knowledge a previously unreported mediator in vibratory urticaria, and extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 activation was required for this response together with calcium, protein kinase C, and to some extent, phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Our studies thus identified critical molecular events initiated by mechanical forces and potential therapeutic targets for patients with vibratory urticaria.
Thermo-Acoustic Engineering of GaN SAW Resonators for Stable Clocks in Extreme Environments

This paper reports, for the first time, on the engineering of silicon-doped gallium nitride (GaN) based surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for ultra-stable clocks with frequency stability of better than 20 ppb/°C over the temperature range of −196°C to 27°C. Such exceptional temperature stability of GaN acoustic resonators at low temperatures prove their applicability for emerging space explorations to planetary bodies with extreme low temperature swings. In this work, we have exploited silicon doping of GaN to enable further stabilization of the SAW resonator by self-ovenization using the Joule heating generated from a DC current that is passed through the resonator body. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effect of doping on the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of GaN SAW resonators.
Problems with a statement

In this paper, I look critically at a recent statement put out by NCA’s Executive Committee on hate speech. Rather than promoting diversity and civility, I contend that this statement distorts and ...
A two fluid modeling study of bubble collapse due to bubble interaction in a fluidized bed

Abstract Two fluid modeling (TFM) has been widely used to simulate large-scale fluidized beds. Previous studies showed that TFM can capture bubble dynamic behavior like splitting and coalescence. Recently, a real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study found that two anomalous bubble collapse phenomena occurred when two bubbles are injected into incipiently fluidized beds such that the bubbles interact. Herein, TFM simulations matching the MRI experiments were performed. The simulation results reproduce the bubble collapse phenomenon and reveal that for side-by-side injection, the initially smaller bubble collapses due to gas flow channeling preferentially to the larger bubble; for consecutive injection, the lower, smaller bubble collapses due to increased gas leakage in a dilated bubble wake. The results also show that beyond a critical bubble volume, the initially smaller bubble can survive to the bed surface for side-by-side injection and the lower, smaller bubble coalesces with the upper, larger bubble for consecutive injection.
A Review of the Year in Family Law 2011-2012: 'Doma' Challenges Hit Federal Courts and Abduction Cases Increase

The American family continues to evolve and so do the cases shaping the law. Today in the United States, only 20 percent of adults between 18 and 29 are married; more than seven million couples cohabit; and more than 40 percent of children are born out of wedlock. Add to those staggering numbers questions about same-sex marriage, parentage arising from assisted reproductive technology, and the increasing volume of contests over custody. Thus, family law policy continues to spark a huge and important national debate. This article highlights the variety of complex issues and offers a sample of the enormous volume of domestic cases flooding our state courts.
Towards the Automatic Mathematician

Over the recent years deep learning has found successful applications in mathematical reasoning. Today, we can predict fine-grained proof steps, relevant premises, and even useful conjectures using neural networks. This extended abstract summarizes recent developments of machine learning in mathematical reasoning and the vision of the N2Formal group at Google Research to create an automatic mathematician. The second part discusses the key challenges on the road ahead.
Mitophagy Induction by ROS-PINK1 Signaling Protects Head and Neck Cancer From Radiotherapy.

Purpose/Objective(s) Approximate 25% of patients with local advanced head and neck cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radiation still suffer from local relapse and are considered radiation resistant. We previously determined that radiation induces autophagy, a pro-survival cellular stress response, in HNSCC. In this study, we examine the consequence of autophagy inhibition and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying RT-induced autophagy. Materials/Methods Autophagy was assessed using a nano-Luc LC3 reporter assay (Promega), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for LC3 and acridine orange in multiple HNSCC cell lines. RNAi knockdown of EGFR, LAPTM4B and PINK1 were used to test the involved signaling molecules. CM-H2DCFDA was used as a measure of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen peroxide was used to stimulate ROS production. Trolox, a ROS scavenger, was used to determine the correlation between ROS and RT-induced autophagy. Mitophagy determination was completed by using MitoTracker Red (Invitrogen) combined with immunofluorescence staining for LC3 and immunoblotting. Radiation was delivered using a RS225 cabinet irradiator at a dose rate of approximately 3 Gy/min with dose validation by TLD using custom, geometry specific phantoms. SAR405, a VPS34 inhibitor, was used to inhibit autophagy. A flank xenograft model using A253 cells was used to test the combination of autophagy inhibitors and radiotherapy in vivo. Results RT caused a two-fold increase in autophagy as assessed using the reporter assay and immunoblotting. Knockdown of EGFR and LAPTM4B, two proteins important in growth-factor deprivation induced autophagy, did not influence autophagy in RT-treated cells. RT did increase the accumulation of ROS (∼50%) and the dephosphorylation of mTOR (∼25%). Addition of Trolox to RT contributed to a considerable decrease in both ROS (∼50%) and autophagy (∼50%). RT also resulted in a mRNA elevation of PINK1 (∼1.6 fold), a mitochondrial modulator. Immunoblotting for LC3 in both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fraction indicated RT mostly increases mitophagy rather than bulk autophagy, which was confirmed using immunofluorescent staining for LC3 and MitoTracker red. Using a clonogenic survival assay, the combination of SAR405 and RT resulted in complete loss of cell survival suggesting a radiosensitizing effect. In vivo, SAR405 treatment combined with RT improved tumor control when compared to RT or SAR405 alone. Conclusion RT-induced mitophagy involves ROS-PINK1 pathway and the regulation of mTOR. Inhibition of autophagy resulted in decreased cell survival in vitro and decreased in vivo tumor growth. These results suggest that targeting mitophagy may be a viable approach to sensitize HNSCC to radiation treatment.
Institutional trust: An introduction

Trust in institutions—also known as institutional trust—is essential to a variety of matters, ranging from the functioning of democracy to assuring the effective operations of the courts to agreeing to cooperate with the police to deciding whether to patronize a business. Although trust in institutions is inextricably intertwined with trust between and among individuals, this volume focuses on trust in institutions, not trust in others per se. In this introductory chapter to the 62nd annual volume of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, we briefly discuss the various contexts in which trust is involved and set the stage for a more detailed and extensive treatment of trust theory and research by eight eminent scholars from the U.S. and beyond. In addition to general background on trust, this chapter provides a brief overview of the eight remaining chapters in the book.
Cognitive and Affective Adaptation to Advancing Communication Technology

There has been sufficient discussion of the new communication technology’s capacity to transmit information with ever-increasing fidelity. Transmission concerns language in both spoken and written form as well as, and more significantly, image and sound sequences that represent the audio-visual world as it is and as it can be imagined. I shall not repeat these accounts of advancing communication technology. However, it is necessary for me to reinstate and emphasize some principal matters in this technological advancement.
Nanotechnology: Fundamental Principles and Applications

Nanotechnology research is based primarily on molecular manufacturing. Although several definitions have been widely used in the past to describe the field of nanotechnology, it is worthwhile to point out that the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), a federal research and development scheme approved by the congress in 2001 defines nanotechnology only if the following three aspects are involved: (1) research and technology development at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1–100 nanometer range, (2) creating and using structures, devices, and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size, and (3) ability to control or manipulate on the atomic scale. Nanotechnology in essence is the technology based on the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules to build complex structures that have atomic specifications.
On the complexity of information planning in Gaussian models

We analyze the complexity of evaluating information rewards for measurement selection in sparse graphical models under the assumption that measurements are drawn from a limited number of nodes subject to a finite budget. Previous analyses [1, 2, 3] exploit the submodular property of conditional mutual information to demonstrate that greedy measurement selection come with near-optimal guarantees As noted in [4] typical formulations assume oracle value models. However, [1, 2, 5] allude to a more significant source of complexity, namely computing the measurement reward. Here, we focus on Gaussian models and show that by exploiting sparsity in the measurement model, the complexity of planning is substantially reduced. We also demonstrate that by utilizing the information form additional significant reductions in complexity may be realized.
Joint adaptive transmitter/receiver IQ imbalance correction for OFDM systems

Direct conversion architectures are increasingly popular as they enable lower implementation costs. However, the receiver is very sensitive to IQ imbalances in particular for complex modulation techniques such as 64-QAM and above typically used for high data rate transmission. Conventionally, this IQ imbalance is only corrected at the receiver while the imbalance at the remote transmitter is assumed to be pre-corrected. However, aging, manufacturability, and temperature variations can be difficult to calibrate and can result in performance degradation (e.g., range reduction, etc.). We propose an adaptive scheme in the receiver to correct the IQ imbalances at the remote transmitter as well as the receiver. The proposed scheme, as it jointly corrects the IQ imbalances, is therefore more robust than the earlier results.
Feasibility and utility of using chromosomal aneusomy to further define the cytologic categories in nipple aspirate fluid specimens: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND There is renewed interest in using the cytologic changes in the epithelial cells obtained from specimens such as nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) and ductal lavage for risk stratification of women at increased risk for developing breast carcinoma. METHODS Molecular tests such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have the potential to be used as adjuncts to conventional cytology for more accurately categorizing cells in these types of specimens. The current study investigated the feasibility and utility of FISH analysis of aneusomy in chromosomes 1, 8, 11 and 17 as an adjunct to conventional cytology in the classification of NAF specimens. RESULTS The authors found chromosomal aneusomy for at least one chromosome in all three malignant and both markedly atypical cases. Of the five cases classified as being mildy atypical on cytology, four were disomic, and only one showed aneusomy in chromosomes 8 and 11. CONCLUSIONS The current study established the possibilities, limitations, and feasibility of using FISH in conjunction with routine cytology for a more accurate classification of ductal epithelial cells in NAF specimens. FISH-based detection of chromosomal aneusomy helped to define mild atypia, thereby aiding in the selection of the truly atypical cases for appropriate therapeutic intervention. In addition, FISH-based detection of chromosomal aneusomy can also be a valuable adjunct to conventional cytology in selected cases for confirming a benign, suspicious, or malignant diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The Astrometric Search for Neighboring Planetary Systems

Extensive testing suggests that astrometric techniques can be used to detect and study virtually any planetary system that may exist within 40 light years (12.5 parsec) of the Sun. Three years ago the astrometric group at the Allegheny Observatory began an intensive survey of 20 nearby stars to detect the nonlinear variations in their motion that planetary systems would induce. Several tests conducted to further our understanding of the limitations of this survey indicated that the photographic detector itself is responsible for most of the random error. A new photoelectric detector has been designed and a simplified prototype of it successfully tested. The new detector is expected to be able to utilize virtually all of the astrometric information transmitted through Earth’s atmosphere. This is sufficient to determine relative positions to within an accuracy of 2 mas/hr. Such precisions exceed the design capabilities of the best existing astrometric telescopes; thus a feasibility study has been conducted for the design of an improved instrument. The study concludes that a new ground-based telescope and a new detector combined should be able to study stars as faint as 17th magnitude with an annual accuracy of a few tenths of a milliarcsecond. However, to obtain the ultimate accuracy possible from current technology, we must place an astrometric system above Earth’s atmosphere. A spaceborne instrument utilizing the new detector would in theory have sufficient accuracy to detect any Earth-like planet orbiting any of the several hundred stars nearest the Sun.
5-Amino­pyrimidine

In the title compound, C4H5N3, the nearly planar 5-amino­pyrimidine mol­ecule has twofold rotation symmetry. The crystal structure is stabilized by a hydrogen bond between the amino group and the ring N atoms, thus forming a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane.
Rehabilitation of pediatric spinal cord injury: From acute medical care to rehabilitation and beyond.

Objective Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in the pediatric population is an uncommon but potentially devastating entity that may be unfamiliar to many practitioners. Because its treatment requires a long-term, well-planned, integrated approach, understanding the natural history, treatment, and common comorbidities of pediatric SCI is crucial for all physicians caring for these children. We present a review of the current literature on this topic to discuss the current standard of medical and rehabilitation care of pediatric SCI patients. Data sources Studies for this review article were obtained by a thorough PubMed search, including but not limited to the terms "spinal cord injury," "SCI," "spinal rehabilitation," and "pediatric spinal injury." Frequently referenced articles of particular prominence in the field were also reviewed. Study selection Studies were included primarily to illustrate specific clinical situations in this overview article. Data extraction Studies were reviewed by the authors (JG and HK) and clinically important details were incorporated into the review. Data synthesis Not applicable. Conclusions Pediatric SCI, while relatively uncommon, is a life-changing event for affected children and their families, physically, medically, and economically. Providing multidisciplinary care, as well as early and extensive rehabilitation, translates into superior outcomes. However, more research remains necessary to identify tactics for better community integration and increased educational, financial, and social success.
Situating quests: design patterns for quest and level design in role-playing games

The design of role-playing games (RPGs) is very complex, involving an intricate interweaving of narrative, quest design, and level design. As an important means for conveying the game's story, quests dictate the setting and contents of levels. Levels provide challenges for the player to overcome in the service of completing quests, and their structure can invite the inclusion of certain kinds of quests. This paper presents an analysis of design patterns present in existing RPGs that aims to better understand such relationships. These patterns identify common design practices for quests and levels at many different levels of granularity.
A Talk on Quantum Cryptography or How Alice Outwits Eve

Alice and Bob wish to communicate without the archvillainess Eve eavesdropping on their conversation. Alice, decides to take two college courses, one in cryptography, the other in quantum mechanics. During the courses, she discovers she can use what she has just learned to devise a cryptographic communication system that automatically detects whether or not Eve is up to her villainous eavesdropping. Some of the topics discussed are Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, the Vernan cipher, the BB84 and B92 cryptographic protocols. The talk ends with a discussion of some of Eve’s possible eavesdropping strategies, opaque eavesdropping, translucent eavesdropping, and translucent eavesdropping with entanglement.
Factors Influencing Information-Sharing Behaviors in Social Networking Sites

Social networking sites (SNSs) have increasingly become important tools for travelers to retrieve and share information related to their trips. The success of SNS marketing depends on users’ willingness to share information in SNS and intentions to build a social community with other users online. This study investigates the antecedents of travelers’ intention to participate in exchanging travel-related information on SNSs. A structural equation model reveals that trust and enjoyment plays as antecedents of intention to share travel information on SNSs whereas ease of use does not have a direct influence.
The number of outside corners of monomial ideals

Abstract The outside corners of a monomial ideal are the maximal standard monomials modulo that ideal. Let cn(p) be the maximal number of outside corners of any monomial ideal generated by p monomials in n variables. We show that c n (p) = ⊖(p [ n 2 ] ) for fixed n. An exact calculation for n = 4 shows that the function cn(p) is not a polynomial in p.
Gaseous nitrogen losses from 15N‐ammonium and plant material amended great basin desert surface soils

Gaseous nitrogen losses from 15NH4 + that was exogenously applied to desert surface soils which were then incubated under aerobic conditions for 35 days at constant 25% moisture reached 81% with plant material added and 75% without an exogenous carbon source. At a decreasing moisture regime, the respective values were 79% and 87%. The losses were attributed to denitrification and, partially, to dissimilatory N2O release during nitrification. Ammonia volatilization reached a plateau after 4 days, did not exceed 5% of the total 15NH4 + added, and was significantly higher in the plant interspace soils than in the canopy soils.
Thorstein Veblen: Incrementalist and Utopian

A CRITICISM commonly voiced against the work of Thorstein Veblen is that he failed to move from acting as a social critic and theorist to the realm of policy prescription (1). This criticism is not without validity but it places insufficient emphasis on Veblen's numerous policy recommendations which are sometimes implicit in his analysis rather than overt. While Veblen sponsored reform proposals of an incremental rather than of a utopian nature and suggested technical means for achieving economic and political changes, it is no doubt true that his main impact has been as a theorist and social critic, not as a policy prescriber. Nevertheless it is our main task to show that both incrementalist policy prescription and utopian social theory are important parts of his analysis, and that they are linked with his methodological employment of constructed types. The introduction will briefly explain the basic outline of Veblen's political sociology, his theory of social and economic change, and its relationship to his conception of the future of the industrial state. The author will then 1) analyze those policy proposals Veblen made which are essentially incrementalist (2); 2) summarize that part of his social theory and criticism which is clearly utopian in nature 3) show how Veblen used ideal and mixed types as methodological and explanatory devices and indicate how this usage is related to his role as a theorist and policy advocate of both incremental and utopian reform (3). It is often difficult to distinguish Veblen's incrementalist policy prescriptions from his utopian proposals since his incrementalism is often based on the assumption of radical change in the institutional fabric of society before piecemeal change is undertaken. What is designated here as incrementalism are policy proposals, usually made to men in power, which were not of such a broad scope as to necessitate wholesale renovation of existing social institutions.
Distinct but dispensable N-glycosylation of human CD69 proteins.

Human CD69 is uniquely glycosylated at typical (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) and atypical (Asn-X-Cys) motifs, which represents the molecular basis for the formation of CD69 homodimers and heterodimers. Here we examined the importance of N-glycosylation for the assembly and intracellular transport of CD69 proteins using mutant CD69 molecules that specifically lack typical and atypical N-glycan attachment motifs. These studies verify the importance of Cys residues in atypical triplet sequences for N-glycan addition to human CD69 proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition, these data demonstrate that monoglycosylated CD69 proteins (bearing N-glycans exclusively at atypical or typical sites) and aglycosylated CD69 molecules (lacking N-glycans) efficiently dimerize in the ER and have similar stability as wild-type CD69 molecules. Finally, these results show that CD69 proteins lacking atypical or typical N-glycan addition sites are transported to the plasma membrane.
A Multiscale Design Approach With Random Field Representation of Material Uncertainty

A multiscale design approach is proposed in this paper considering the impacts of product manufacturing process and material on product performance. A framework is established to integrate designs of manufacturing process, material and product based on the information flow across these three domains. Random field is employed to realistically model the uncertainty existing in material microstructure which spatially varies in a product inherited from the manufacturing process. An efficient procedure for uncertainty propagation from the material random field to the end product performance is established. To reduce the dimensionality of random field representation, a reduced order Karhunen-Loeve expansion is used with a discretization scheme applied to finite element meshes. The univariate dimension reduction method and the Gaussian quadrature formula are used to efficiently quantify the uncertainties in product performance in terms of its statistical moments, which are critical information for design under uncertainty. A control arm example is used to demonstrate the proposed approach. The impact of the initial microscale porosity random field produced during a casting process on the product damage is studied and a reliability-based design of the control arm is performed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Computational study of carbon atom (3P and 1D) reaction with CH2O. Theoretical evaluation of 1B1 methylene production by C (1D).

Singlet and triplet free energy surfaces for the reactions of C atom (3P and 1D) with CH2O are studied computationally to evaluate the excited singlet (1B1) methylene formation from deoxygenation of CH2O by C (1D) atom as suggested by Shevlin et al. Carbon atoms can react by addition to the oxygen lone pair or to the CO double bond on both the triplet and singlet surfaces. Triplet C (3P) atoms will deoxygenate to give CO plus CH2 (3B1) as the major products, while singlet C (1D) reactions will form ketene and CO plus CH2 (1A1). No definitive evidence of the formation of excited singlet (1B1) methylene was found on the singlet free energy surface. A conical intersection between the 1A‘ and 1A‘ ‘ surfaces located near an exit channel may play a role in product formation. The suggested 1B1 state of methylene may form via the 1A‘ ‘ surface only if dynamic effects are important. In an effort to interpret experimental observation of products trapped by (Z)-2-butene, formation of cis- and trans-1,2-dimethylcyclo...
Study of the chiral transition in SU(2) lattice gauge-Higgs theory with dynamical fermions

Abstract We report the first measurements, with fully dynamical fermions, of the (zero-temperature) chiral symmetry-breaking phase transition in the SU (2) part of the standard SU(2)×U(1) electroweak lattice gauge theory. These are performed with a Langevin algorithm. Good agreement is found with the previous analytic strong gauge coupling results, regarding both the location and the order of the transition. The chiral boundary is also measured in the interior of the phase diagram and the phase structure with dynamical fermions is discussed.
Spectacle correction for aphakia. The prismatic effect

Because spectacle lenses are fixed in position relative to the eyes, the visual axes during convergence pass nasal to the optical centers, and create a prismatic effect. The eye rotates less than 25 degrees before the head is turned; therefore for central vision, only an area of the lens about 13 mm wide is used. A reading addition of +6.00 D is probably the maximal power bifocal addition that can be prescribed for comfortable binocular vision in a high plus correction. The distance correction produces a base-out effect of at least 4 delta for each eye at the reading distance, even though the bifocal segments are adequately decentered.