cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of serological results of 250 measles uncertain patients

Objective:To understand incidence of measles in 2008 in Sanmen city to help supply reliable basis of its prevention and diagnosis.Methods:With the epidemiology and the materials of diagnosis,the IgM serological results of measles uncertain patients between March and June in 2008 in Sanmen city were analyzed.Results:A total of 250 serums of measles uncertain patients were detected.And 122 were positive,128 were negative and its positive rate was 48.8%.The patients were between 21～40 years old, most of which are scattered inhabiting children,and only 24% of which have the history of measles immunity.Conclusion:In order to reduce incidence of measures,the healthy education of measles prevention shall be emphasized,and planned immunity and emergent vaccination shall be strengthened as well.
Surgical management of developmental disorder of the hip in older children by double osteotomy of the pelvis

Our results of surgery of developmental disorder of the hip (DDH) in older children and adolescents by using the combination of Selter's innominate osteotomy and osteotomy of the superior pubis ramus were presented in this paper, enclosing the period from 1993 to 1995. The study included 11 hips, i.e. 9 patients, aged 8 to 23 years, mean age 13 years at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up period was 8 years. Combined osteotomy was very efficient, what was verified by X-ray findings, confirming the Wieberg's and acetabular angles, as well as by clinical range of hip motion and gait. In comparison to other similar osteotomies, this method is simpler, less traumatic and carries lower risk.
Varieties of Tone

In Part I I argued that although a charge of incoherence does not stick, the sentence-radical approach to analyzing meaning is nevertheless defective. It proves to be incapable of handling too great a number of ordinary expressions. These are not in any way eccentric, and so explanations of their meanings should not be ad hoc. On the contrary, all of those troublesome expressions ought to be capable of being assimilated under a single overarching pattern. This gives rise to the suggestion, not that the sense and force of sentences are therefore in every instance indistinguishable, but that, rather, the explication of sentence-meaning and word-meaning not be reduced to concepts of truth, or truth-conditions, with considerations of non-truth-functional aspects of use tacked on in an unsystematic, noncohesive fashion.
The Goodness of Sample Loadings of Principal Component Analysis in Approximating to Factor Loadings with High Dimensional Data

Guttman (Psychometrika 21 273–286:1956) showed that the loadings of factor analysis (FA) and those of principal component analysis (PCA) approach each other as the number of variables p goes to infinity. Because the computation for PCA is simpler than FA, PCA can be used as an approximation for FA when p is large. However, another side of the coin is that as p increases, non-consistency might become an issue. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously consider the closeness between the estimated FA and the estimated PCA loadings as well as the closeness between the estimated and the population FA loadings. Using Monte Carlo simulation, this article studies the behavior of three kinds of closeness under high-dimensional conditions: (1) between the estimated FA and the estimated PCA loadings, (2) between the estimated FA and the population FA loadings, and (3) between the estimated PCA and the population FA loadings. To deal with high-dimensionality, a ridge method proposed by Yuan and Chan (Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 52:4842–4828, 2008) is employed. As a measure for closeness, the average canonical correlation (CC) between two loading matrices and its Fisher-z transformation are employed. Results indicate that the Fisher-z transformed average CC between the estimated FA and the estimated PCA loadings is larger than that between the estimated FA and the population FA loadings as well as that between the estimated PCA and the population FA loadings. It is concluded that, under high-dimensional conditions, the closeness between the estimated FA and PCA loadings is easier to achieve than that between the estimated and the population FA loadings and also that between the estimated PCA and the population FA loadings.
Addressing Telephone Medicine in Medical School Education

With the shift to ambulatory and managed care, physicians spend hours a week on the telephone with patients, pharmacies, and consultants, yet medical students rarely receive training in the use of the phone in medicine. To expose students to the challenges of practising medicine over the phone, we have incorporated phone medicine into UCLA’s longitudinal third year Doctoring Curriculum. In Doctoring, medical students meet every two weeks throughout the academic year in small groups of 8 students with two faculty tutors. Each classroom has a speakerphone. Throughout the year, simulated patients, pharmacies, and doctors’ offices call the students at designated times. The students discuss the limitations of not seeing the patient in person and must decide what can be done over the phone and how soon the patient should be seen in the office. In each of these cases, students deal not only with practice management issues but also with issues of ethics, doctor-patient communication, cost-effectiveness, billing, and documentation surrounding the use of the phone in the practice of medicine.
Dim light at night prior to adolescence increases adult anxiety-like behaviors

Dim light at night (dLAN) disrupts circadian organization and influences adult behavior. We examined early dLAN exposure on adult affective responses. Beginning 3 (juvenile) or 5 weeks (adolescent) of age, mice were maintained in standard light-dark cycles or exposed to nightly dLAN (5 lx) for 5 weeks, then anxiety-like and fear responses were assessed. Hypothalami were collected around the clock to assess core clock genes. Exposure to dLAN at either age increased anxiety-like responses in adults. Clock and Rev-ERB expression were altered by exposure to dLAN. In contrast to adults, dLAN exposure during early life increases anxiety and fear behavior.
Required time of arrival as a control mechanism to mitigate uncertainty in arrival traffic demand management

The objective of this study is to explore the use of Required Time of Arrival (RTA) capability on the flight deck as a control mechanism on arrival traffic management to improve traffic delivery accuracy by mitigating the effect of traffic demand uncertainty. The uncertainties are caused by various factors, such as departure error due to the difference between scheduled departure and the actual take-off time. A simulation study was conducted using the Multi Aircraft Control System (MACS) software, a comprehensive research platform developed in the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at NASA Ames Research Center. The Crossing Time (CT) performance (i.e. the difference between target crossing time and actual crossing time) of the RTA for uncertainty mitigation during cruise phase was evaluated under the influence of varying two main factors: wind severity (heavy wind vs. mild wind), and wind error (1 hour, 2 hours, and 5 hours wind forecast errors). To examine the CT performance improvement made by the RTA, the comparison to the CT of the aircraft that were not assigned with RTA (Non-RTA) under the influence of the selected factors was also made. The Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) was chosen for this study. A total 66 inbound traffic to the EWR (34 of them were airborne when the simulation was initiated, 32 were pre-departures at that time) was simulated, where the pre-scripted departure error was assigned to each pre-departure (61 % conform to their Expected Departure Clearance Time, which is +/−300 seconds of their scheduled departure time). The results of the study show that the delivery accuracy improvement can be achieved by assigning RTA, regardless of the influence of the selected two factors (the wind severity and the wind information inaccuracy). Across all wind variances, 66.9% (265 out of 396) of the CT performance of the RTA assigned aircraft was within +/− 60 seconds (i.e. target tolerance range) and 88.9% (352 out of 396) aircraft met +/−300 seconds marginal tolerance range, while only 33.6% (133 out of 396) of the Non-RTA assigned aircraft's CT performance achieved the target tolerance range and 75.5% (299 out of 396) stayed within the marginal. Examination of the impact of different error sources — i.e. departure error, wind severity, and wind error — suggest that although large departure errors can significantly impact the CT performance, the impacts of wind severity and errors were modest relative the targeted +/− 60 second conformance range.
Adaptive input estimation for nonminimum-phase discrete-time systems

The accuracy of state estimation can be enhanced by simultaneously estimating unknown inputs. This paper presents an extension of retrospective cost input estimation (RCIE) that directly updates the estimates of all states. We show that RCIE can be used for systems in which the transmission zeros from the estimated input to the measurement are nonminimum phase. We demonstrate this ability on numerical examples, and we compare the estimates from RCIE to estimates from prior methods for input estimation. Finally, we use this technique to estimate the acceleration of a flight vehicle using camera data, and we assess the accuracy of the acceleration estimates by transforming the onboard body-frame acceleration measurements to the camera frame.
Food Protein Based Core-Shell Nanocarriers for Oral Drug Delivery: Effect of Shell Composition on in Vitro and in Vivo Functional Performance of Zein Nanocarriers.

The study was aimed at systematically investigating the influence of shell composition on the particle size, stability, release, cell uptake, permeability, and in vivo gastrointestinal distribution of food protein based nanocarriers for oral delivery applications. Three different core–shell nanocarriers were prepared using food-grade biopolymers including zein-casein (ZC) nanoparticles, zein-lactoferrin (ZLF), nanoparticles and zein-PEG (ZPEG) micelles. Nile red was used as a model hydrophobic dye for in vitro studies. The nanocarriers had negative, positive, and neutral charge, respectively. All three nanocarriers had a particle size of less than 200 nm and a low polydispersity index. The nanoparticles were stable at gastrointestinal pH (2–9) and ionic strength (10–200 mM). The nanocarriers sustained the release of Nile red in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. ZC nanoparticles showed the slowest release followed by ZLF nanoparticles and ZPEG micelles. The nanocarriers were taken up by endocytosis ...
Solution-processed planar lead iodide photovoltaic device

PbI2-based photovoltaic devices having ITO/ZnO (or WO3) /PbI2/graphite (or without graphite) /carbon black structure were fabricated by spin coating at ambient conditions. The structures were characterized using AFM, PXRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The best devices yielded 0.32% power conversion efficiency. The short circuit current decreased with increasing the thickness of the PbI2 film and without the graphite layer. The open circuit voltage decreased when replacing ZnO by WO3. Selecting better n-type and hole transporting materials as well as improving manufacturing methods will increase PCE of PbI2 based devices.
Fiber-wireless integration for future mobile communications

Radio access network integrated with fiber-wireless-enabled multiple radio access technologies is envisioned for future heterogeneous wireless communications. Radio-over-fiber technology delivers wireless services with high capacity, high link speed, and low latency. Mobile backhaul, midhaul, and fronthaul as three fundamental methods supporting multiple radio access technologies are improved by fiber-wireless technologies and radio-over-fiber links to satisfy growing demands and provide highperformance coverages.
Abstract 346: Genome-wide Bisulfite Sequencing After Isoproterenol Identifies DNA Methylation Modules Influencing Heart Failure Susceptibility

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that controls gene expression. Recent studies of human samples linked dysregulation of DNA methylation to cardiovascular diseases. However, whether DNA methylation is mechanistically involved in disease pathogenesis is unknown. To determine how DNA methylation participates in the development of heart failure, we measured the DNA methylome in healthy and hypertrophic mouse hearts (and in isolated cardiac myocytes in parallel experiments) using reduced representational bisulfite sequencing. Isoproterenol (ISO) minipumps were implanted in two mouse strains with opposite phenotypes: BUB/BnJ, which is resistant to ISO-induced hypertrophy/failure, and BALB/cJ, which is susceptible. DNA and mRNA were isolated from hearts and myocytes and analyzed by bisulfite sequencing and microarrays, respectively. The results reveal three levels of information about the methylome: basal differences between the resistant and susceptible strains, loci affected in a disease-associated m...
Inherent Predispositions and the Study of Human Behavior

Consideration of innate behavioral predispositions of varying complexity is of utmost importance for the development of a sophisticated and comprehensive science of psychology. Evidence is accumulating that predisposing conditions are powerfully related to motoric patterns, semantic-syntactic factors, and propositional thought, as well as to aspects of social behavior. It is suggested that cooperation should be fostered among scientists in psychology, psycholinguistics, and ethology, and an open invitation is extended for clarifying critiques from philosophers of science.
Relationships Between Patterns of Defoliation by the Fruittree Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Foliage Morphology of Baldcypress in Forested Wetlands of Louisiana

Baldcypress, Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, has been threatened recently by a new insect herbivore, the fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Baldcypress foliage varies from long-leaved, open-faced branchlets with leaves arranged in two-ranked fashion to short-leaved, appressed, imbricate branchlets. Field surveys revealed that the tallest trees contained 72 – 85% appressed foliage, whereas intermediate and small-sized trees contained 55–92% open type foliage. Over a three-year period, open morphology trees repeatedly exhibited significantly higher levels of defoliation (percentage of crown loss) by the fruittree leafroller, compared with appressed morphology trees. There was no ovipositional preference (number of egg masses) associated with morphology type. Differences in defoliation levels, therefore, were attributed to morphologically related influences on foliage suitability for larval stages.
Determining the prevalence of germline BAP1 mutations in malignant mesothelioma (MM).

e13118Background: Somatic BAP1 mutations are very common in MM tumors (Bueno et al. Nat Genet 2016, Bott et al. Nature Genet 2011) and germline BAP1 mutations have also been shown to segregate in numerous families with clusters of malignancies including MM (Testa et al. Nat Genet 2011). However, the prevalence of germline BAP1 alterations in an unselected population of MM patients remains unknown. Methods: Unselected patients with MM were enrolled on a prospective trial (NCT01773655) to collect germline DNA, detailed family history, exposure questionnaires, and tumor tissue if available. De-identified germline DNA sequencing was performed to evaluate for the presence of BAP1 mutations. Patients with prespecified high-risk criteria (age < 50 yrs, no asbestos exposure, personal/family history of choroidal nevus, uveal melanoma, melanoma, or mesothelioma, or cancer in ≥ two 1st degree relatives) were contacted by Clinical Genetics and offered counseling and identified BAP1 testing. Results: 120 patietns with...
HEDGING EFFECTIVENESS IN PRECIOUS METALS

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to develop the portfolio theory approach to hedging and to show its application to those holding a position in precious metals physicals. Simple and complex hedges are developed. A simple hedge relates a physical position in a single commodity to a single futures contract. A complex hedge permits purchasing of multiple futures when a position is held in one or more physical commodities. The portfolio hedging concept is developed for nearest 1-month, nearest 6-month, and nearest 12-month future contracts.
Maternal and Paternal Predictors of Child Depressive Symptoms: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Framework

Family members are theorized to influence each other via transactional or systems related processes; however, the literature is limited given its focus on mother-child relationships and the utilization of statistical approaches that do not model interdependence within family members. The current study evaluated associations between self-reported parental affect, parenting behavior, and child depressive symptoms among 103 mother-father-child triads. Children ranged in age from 8 to 12 years. Higher maternal negative affect was associated with greater maternal and paternal harsh/negative parenting behavior. While maternal negative affect was directly associated with child depressive symptoms, paternal negative affect was indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms via paternal harsh/negative behavior. In a separate model, maternal positive affect was indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms via maternal supportive/positive behavior. These results highlight the importance of simultaneously modeling maternal and paternal characteristics as predictors of child depressive symptoms.
Indirect Effects of Social Skills on Health Through Stress and Loneliness

The social skills deficit vulnerability model predicts that people with inadequate social skills are at risk for a range of psychosocial problems, especially when confronted with stress. People with poor social skills often experience stress and loneliness and these two constructs were tested as potential pathways by which the poor social skills confer a risk for compromised mental and physical health. An online survey was completed by 775 adults, aged 18-91. The sample matched national demographics for race/ethnicity and age, among those over 18. Structural equation modeling revealed indirect effects of social skills on both mental and physical health through both stress and loneliness. The models showed that poor social skills were associated with poor mental and physical health through elevated stress and increased loneliness. The findings reveal that social skills deficits are associated with physical as well as mental health problems.
Design and development of a semi-autonomous stair climbing robotic platform for rough terrains

This paper presents the design of a stair climbing fixed flipper unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for urban search and rescue purposes. Mobile flippers are being used in certain UGVs for enhanced mobility in rough terrains, however, the control algorithm of these platforms is complex. To add this enhanced mobility in the UGV and to reduce the intricacy of the control algorithm, anterior end of the tracks are lifted up which enables the UGV to pass over obstacles with relative ease. To prevent the rollover of UGV while moving on an inclined surface, an image processing algorithm was developed which halts the motion of UGV if the calculated slope exceeds the threshold value with a maximum error of about 8%. Furthermore, left and right track velocities along with the turn radius were also calculated.
The impact of exercise on depressive symptoms in older Hispanic/Latino adults: results from the '¡Caminemos!' study.

Objectives: We examined the prospective effects of an evidence-based exercise intervention on depressive symptoms in older Hispanics/Latinos and the potential synergistic effects (if any) of an att...
An algorithm for segmentation of lung ROI by mean-shift clustering combined with multi-scale HESSIAN matrix dot filtering

A new algorithm for segmentation of suspected lung ROI (regions of interest) by mean-shift clustering and multi-scale HESSIAN matrix dot filtering was proposed. Original image was firstly filtered by multi-scale HESSIAN matrix dot filters, round suspected nodular lesions in the image were enhanced, and linear shape regions of the trachea and vascular were suppressed. Then, three types of information, such as, shape filtering value of HESSIAN matrix, gray value, and spatial location, were introduced to feature space. The kernel function of mean-shift clustering was divided into product form of three kinds of kernel functions corresponding to the three feature information. Finally, bandwidths were calculated adaptively to determine the bandwidth of each suspected area, and they were used in mean-shift clustering segmentation. Experimental results show that by the introduction of HESSIAN matrix of dot filtering information to mean-shift clustering, nodular regions can be segmented from blood vessels, trachea, or cross regions connected to the nodule, non-nodular areas can be removed from ROIs properly, and ground glass object (GGO) nodular areas can also be segmented. For the experimental data set of 127 different forms of nodules, the average accuracy of the proposed algorithm is more than 90%.
Photoinduced Charge Separation at Inorganic and Organic Interfaces

The effects of various interfaces, inorganic or organic colloids, on photoinduced charge separation is discussed. In particular the nature of the charge separation, i.e., whether charge separation occurs on contact of the two reactants or whether electron tunneling produces two separate ions is discussed in some detail, and also the nature of the partial screening of the reactants at the interfaces as distinct from homogeneous solution. Finally, unique effects in colloidal inorganic semiconductors such as cadmium sulphide are discussed where charge separation is observed, but where the photophysical properties of the semiconductor dramatically change when small particles are created.
Computation of least fixed points

Many problems from different areas can be formulated as problems of computing a fixed point of a suitable function. Classical examples include the computation of equilibria for games, price equilibria for markets, and many others. There has been significant progress in understanding better the computational nature of such problems and characterizing their complexity in terms of classes like FIXP, which captures the complexity of the computation of fixed points for general (nonlinear) algebraic functions, with the 3-player Nash equilibrium problem as a prototypical example, and PPAD for the computation of fixed points for piecewise linear functions, with the 2-player Nash equilibrium problem as a prototypical example.
THE SITE OF TRIMETHYLPSORALEN CROSS-LINKING IN CHROMATIN

ABSTRACT 4, 5′, 8-trimethylpsoralen is used to cross-link DNA in nuclei isolated from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. The nuclei are then digested with micrococcal nuclease. The digestion product from the 4, 5′, 8-trimethylpsoralen treated nuclei shows discrete DNA bands when analyzed on a polyacrylamide gel. The dimer band is isolated and after denaturation the dimer DNA is visualized in the electron microscope. The types and relative amounts of the figures observed are consistent with the region of chromatin which is accessible to 4, 5′, 8-trimethylpsoralen being the same as the region that is susceptible to nuclease.
MODELLING OF SOLID-PHASE THIN-FILM REACTIONS INDUCED BY A SCANNING CW LASER

An analytical model is presented for solid-phase reactions induced by a scanning cw laser, assuming that the process can be described by a simple activation energy. The effect of the laser is interpreted in terms of an equivalent furnace anneal at an “effective temperature”, Teff, for an “effective time”, teff. Closed-form expressions for these parameters are derived for the case of a single scan through the point of interest as well as for the case of multiple overlapping scans.
The rise of mammals, the Genus Homo, and the ongoing extinction event

The mammal survivors of the K-T boundary event essentially repeated the kind of proliferation enjoyed by the dinosaurs during the Mesozoic. So many new mammal types emerged, and the preservation of them was so good, that it has been possible to subdivide the last 65 million years in great detail. The increase in size seen for the dinosaurs has also occurred for mammals, and there is even a parallel with mammals taking to the air and going back to the oceans. The parallel increase in brain size and complexity eventually led to the Genus Homo, and an animal with both complex technological (tool-using) capabilities, and the capacity to pass on knowledge with sophisticated culture. The current state, with the continued expansion of human populations, spreading essentially world-wide, has led more or less directly to extinction of some species and the possibility of an ongoing extinction event that could rival those of the distant geologic past. How this might unfold in the near and long term is an interesting open question.
Hysterosalpingography in an Infertile Woman: Case Study and Clinical Considerations

Abstract Women of childbearing age require special attention when undergoing gynecologic procedures and examinations in the radiology department. Hysterosalpingography is a procedure that can determine the shape, position, and size of the uterus, uterine cavity, and fallopian tubes. It involves administration of radiopaque contrast media via a cannula or catheter inserted into the uterus through the uterine cervix. The injection of contrast can outline the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. The procedure is commonly used to determine patency of fallopian tubes in infertile women of childbearing age when other causes of infertility have been ruled out or as part of an infertility diagnostic evaluation. The examination should be scheduled approximately at the tenth day of the menstrual cycle, where the first day of bleeding is considered day one. It is particularly important for the woman of childbearing age to determine that she is not pregnant. This article presents a clinical case study of an infertile woman undergoing hysterosalpingography to determine tubal patency. Safe and effective care measures and management for hysterosalpingography techniques in the radiology department are reviewed.
Assessment of boron nitride nanotube materials using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

With increasing prevalence of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), the need for routine and reliable assessment methods is becoming more critical both for research studies and for quality control in na...
Benzothiazole amphiphiles promote RasGRF1-associated dendritic spine formation in human stem cell-derived neurons

Synaptic dysfunction has been implicated as an early cause of cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods to slow down or reverse the loss of functional synapses, therefore, represent a promising avenue to explore for treating NDDs. We have previously reported the development of a class of benzothiazole amphiphiles (BAMs) that exhibited the capability to improve memory and learning both in wild-type mice and in an AD rodent model, putatively through promoting RasGRF1-associated formation of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. While these results represent a good first step in exploring a new approach to treating NDDs, the capability of these compounds to increase spine density has not been previously examined in a human neuronal model. Here, we found that neurons derived from differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells exhibited both an increase in RasGRF1 expression and a phenotypic increase in the density of postsynaptic density protein 95-positive puncta (which we use to provide an estimate of dendritic spine density) in BAM-treated vs. control neurons. These results demonstrate that the previously observed spinogenic effects of BAMs in rodent neurons can be recapitulated in a human neuronal model, which further supports the potential utility of BAM agents for treating human diseases associated with spine deficits such as AD or other NDDs.
“Something a bit more personal”: Digital storytelling and intimacy among queer Black women:

Coming-out stories are important cultural texts wherein individuals articulate and interpret experiences of identifying as sexual minorities. Yet, much of the extant literature on coming-out storie...
Development in Thermosonic NDE Technique

A NDE technique, thermosonics, has been developed at Wayne State University 1,2,3 This technique employs a single, short pulse of sound/ultrasound to cause defects such as cracks to heat up and become visible in the infrared (IR). A low frequency (15 to 40kHz) ultrasonic transducer fills the sample with sound that causes frictional heating at defect interfaces. Although this new process superficially resembles SPATE (Stress Pattern Analysis by Thermal Emission), SPATE depends on periodic thermoelastic temperature variations, with synchronous detection (at the vibration frequency) ofthese temperature variations associated with the sinusoidal stress-induced heating and cooling. In contrast, the low frequency thermoelastic heating and cooling variations associated with our sonic pulse are averaged out over the 1 ms (or so) integration time of the IR camera. Thus, only the irreversible temperature increases are imaged by an IR camera. Thermosonics can be applied equally well to quite large and irregularly shaped objects, and to small delicate objects using the same apparatus. It has demonstrated the capability of detecting defects in materials ranging from brittle ceramics, to soft metals and composites. Progress on the development of this technique will be presented. Also, studies on some fundamental issues such as dependence on frequency of an excitation source will also be discussed.
An electrochemically controlled release of NHCs using iron bis(dithiolene) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

A series of five coordinated iron bis(dithiolene) complexes [Fe(NHC)(S2C2R2)2] (R = C6H5 or C6H4-p-OCH3) containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) (NHC = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene or 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) were isolated in high yield (84–92%). The iron complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The combination of cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical analysis revealed that iron complexes undergo Fe–CNHC bond cleavage and release NHC upon subjection to electrochemical reduction. The electrochemically released NHC was trapped using 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and the adduct was isolated in nearly quantitative yield (∼99%). As a proof of concept, the electrochemically released NHC was subsequently used as a catalyst for synthesis of γ-butyrolactones from commercially available cinnamaldehydes.
In Vivo Polymerization ("Hard-Wiring") of Bioanodes Enables Rapid Start-Up and Order-of-Magnitude Higher Power Density in a Microbial Battery

For microbial electrochemical technologies to be successful in the decentralized treatment of wastewater, steady-state power density must be improved and cost must be decreased. Here, we demonstrate in vivo polymerization ("hard-wiring") of a microbial community to a growing layer of conductive polypyrrole on a sponge bioanode of a microbial battery, showing rapid biocatalytic current development (∼10 times higher than a sponge control after 4 h). Moreover, bioanodes with the polymerized inoculant maintain higher steady-state power density (∼2 times greater than the control after 28 days). We then evaluate the same hard-wired bioanodes in both a two-chamber microbial fuel cell and microbial battery with a solid-state NaFeIIFeIII(CN)6 (Prussian Blue) cathode, showing approximately an order-of-magnitude greater volumetric power density with the microbial battery. The result is a rapid start-up, low-cost (no membrane or platinum catalyst), and high volumetric power density system (independent of atmospheric oxygen) for harvesting energy and carbon from dilute organics in wastewater.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) in critically ill hospitalized patients holds promise; however, real-world data are needed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We placed Dexcom G6 CGM on intensive care unit (ICU) patients at Montefiore Medical Center with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and glycemic variability. We analyzed inpatient CGM accuracy using point-of-care (POC) glucose-CGM matched pairs and included patients for analysis regardless of clinical status. RESULTS We included 11 patients with CGM: 8 on continuous insulin infusion (CII), 8 on vasopressors, 8 intubated, 4 on high-dose glucocorticoids, 6 on renal replacement therapy, and 2 with anasarca. Accuracy was 12.58% for mean and 6.3% for median absolute relative difference. CGM reduced POC testing by ∼60% for patients on CII. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world preliminary analysis of rtCGM during critical illness, we demonstrate early feasibility, considerable accuracy, and meaningful reduction in the frequency of POC glucose testing.
Correction to: Amyloid β-protein oligomers promote the uptake of tau fibril seeds potentiating intracellular tau aggregation.

Author(s): Shin, Woo Shik; Di, Jing; Cao, Qin; Li, Binsen; Seidler, Paul M; Murray, Kevin A; Bitan, Gal; Jiang, Lin | Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
The cost of law: Promoting access to justice through the (un)corporate practice of law

Abstract The U.S. faces a mounting crisis in access to justice. Vast numbers of ordinary Americans represent themselves in routine legal matters daily in our over-burdened courts. Obtaining ex ante legal advice is effectively impossible for almost everyone except larger corporate entities, organizations and governments. In this paper, I explain why, as a matter of economic policy, it is essential that the legal profession abandon the prohibition on the corporate practice of law in order to remedy the access problem. The prohibitions on the corporate practice of law rule out the use of essential organizational and contracting tools widely used in most industries to control costs, improve quality and reduce errors. This keeps prices for legal assistance high by cutting the industry off from the ordinary economic benefits of scale, data analysis, product and process engineering and diversified sources of capital and innovation. Lawyers operating in law firms have not generated these benefits but they have appeared in countries, such as the U.K., where the corporate practice of law doctrine does not prevail. Eliminating restrictions on the corporate practice of law can significantly improve the access ordinary Americans have to legal help in a law-thick world.
Complexity in Polyploid Species Origin and Establishment: Arctostaphylos mewukka (Ericaceae)

Lineage recombination is an important source of genetic and morphological variation in species-rich groups of plants. Tetraploids that are intermediate in morphology and ecology with respect to sympatric diploids are regularly hypothesized to be the products of hybridization. Arctostaphylos mewukka is one such intermediate tetraploid long regarded as the result of hybridization and genome duplication among divergent and geographically overlapping diploids widely distributed across the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. Here we set out to test this hypothesis leveraging the notion that allopolyploids arise repetitively and may show signs of reciprocal organellar exchange among species between maternal and paternal progenitors. We compared nuclear ribosomal and plastid sequence data acquired from samples within and outside this target species complex. Molecular sequence data show striking patterns indicative of widespread reticulation and chloroplast capture events across the genus Arctostaphylos. Results support the notion that outcrossing, long-lived woody plant species such as members of the genus Arctostaphylos can retain a secured morphological identity despite ongoing influence of interspecific gene flow that would otherwise render species boundaries vulnerable to dissolution.
Tribute in Memory of Herbert Wechsler

Herbert Wechsler was my teacher at Columbia. He was a model as a scholar and lawyer throughout my career. He taught my classmates and me Criminal Law and, in a very demanding seminar, an introduction to Federal Jurisdiction based on the then paper version of what later became the great Hart and Wechsler casebook. I also served, not very effectively I fear, as a research assistant in his work on the Model Penal Code, particularly addressing the difficult subject, perhaps indeed an opaque one, of mistake as a defense or amelioration of criminal liability. He was an illuminating teacher and a demanding thinker. I later came to appreciate still other abilities of Professor Wechsler in working under his super? vision on an American Law Institute project and, thereafter, as his successor as Director of the Institute. He was a leader and professional collaborator of great skill. Professor Wechsler was Chief Reporter for The American Law Insti? tute Model Penal Code (MPC). The MPC was a pioneering work in crim? inal law in its scope, policy premises, and penetration of the subject. The approach in the MPC was derived from Professor Wechsler's previous work with Professor Jerome Michael in endeavoring to expound a ratio? nale for the law of homicide, obviously the most important component of a penal code.1 The MPC extended that approach by pursuing the ratio? nale for other elements of the criminal law?for example, the law of theft?and for the criminal law as a whole. The MPC has since become
Increase in Lytic Activity in Competent Cells of Bacillus subtilis After Uptake of Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Extractable lytic activity in competent cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 was markedly increased after treatment with homologous or heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This increase was prevented by deoxyribonuclease, and did not occur with B. subtilis W23 or with noncompetent B. subtilis 168 cells, neither of which take up DNA. Although the deoxyribonuclease-sensitive step in DNA uptake was completed within 10 min, the increase in lytic activity did not begin until more than 30 min after the addition of DNA. The increase was prevented by any of several antibiotics. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms for the uptake of transforming DNA and the lysis of transfected cells.
Solving Open Questions and Other Challenge Problems Using Proof Sketches

In this article, we describe a set of procedures and strategies for searching for proofs in logical systems based on the inference rule condensed detachment. The procedures and strategies rely on the derivation of proof sketches – sequences of formulas that are used as hints to guide the search for sound proofs. In the simplest case, a proof sketch consists of a subproof – key lemmas to prove, for example – and the proof is completed by filling in the missing steps. In the more general case, a proof sketch consists of a sequence of formulas i>sufficient to find a proof, but it may include formulas that are not provable in the current theory. We find that even in this more general case, proof sketches can provide valuable guidance in finding sound proofs. Proof sketches have been used successfully for numerous problems coming from a variety of problem areas. We have, for example, used proof sketches to find several new two-axiom systems for Boolean algebra using the Sheffer stroke.
Views, Visualization and Databases

We describe a database management — data visualization integration based on the view concept. In general, views are descriptions of data transformations that enable more efficient interactions between user and data. Our intent is to use the view concept as the unifying link between the two systems, thereby enabling database interaction to be closely coupled with data visualization. We discuss the types of views used to realize the integration, and their implementation in our environment.
Allergens in hymenoptera venom XXIV: The amino acid sequences of imported fire ant venom allergens Sol i II, Sol i III, and Sol i IV☆

The most common cause of insect venom allergy in the Southeastern United States is the imported fire ant. The allergens are among the most potent known, with nanogram doses causing sensitization and provoking anaphylaxis. The complete amino acid sequences of imported fire ant venom allergens, Sol i II, III, and IV, were determined by solid-phase protein sequencing of overlapping peptide fragments. Sol i II has a single sequence of 119 amino acids and a molecular weight of 13,217. It has seven cysteine residues, and in its native form is a disulfide-linked dimer. The highly purified molecule does not have phospholipase activity and is not structurally related to phospholipases or other known proteins. Sol i IV has 117 amino acids, for a molecular weight of 13,340. It has six cysteines and is a monomer. Its sequence is 35% identical to Sol i II, but it is not significantly related to other proteins. The Sol i IV sequence showed two amino acid variations. Sol i III was found to consist of 212 amino acids of molecular weight 24,040 in good agreement with 26,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sequence contained eight cysteine residues and was found to be 44% to 50% identical to five vespid venom antigen 5 molecules. IgE antibodies against Sol i III do not exhibit strong cross-reactivity with vespid antigen 5s. The sequence similarity is consistent with other data, suggesting that ants are related to wasps of the superfamily Vespoidea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cutting edge: Self-peptides drive the peripheral expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell selection is initiated by high-specificity interactions with self-peptides in the thymus, although how these cells respond to cytokine-derived signals and to re-exposure to self-peptide:MHC complexes in the periphery is not well understood. We have used a transgenic mouse system, in which the peptide that induces thymic selection of a clonal population of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is known, to show that CD4+CD25+ T cells proliferate in response to their selecting self-peptide in vivo. Moreover, they do not proliferate in response to lymphopenia in the absence of the selecting self-peptide, reflecting a low level of expression of the high affinity receptor for IL-7 (CD127) relative to conventional CD4+ T cells. That their selecting self-peptide is both required for and promotes the peripheral expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells may direct their accumulation in sites where the self-peptide is expressed.
Analysis of laser metal cut energy process window and improvement of Cu link process by unique fast rise time laser pulse

In this work, we show that the stress-relief effect caused by breakthrough of passivation by upper cracks as well as the mechanism of the laser cutting process by using finite element modeling. With this understanding of stress-relief effect, a unique laser pulse with fast rise and fall time was considered for the Cu link structure in the simulation. Results show that the fast rise time laser heats up the upper part of a link rapidly and promotes fast top-oxide cracking, which relieves stress around the metallization faster and thereby avoids undesirable lower-corner cracking. A useful guideline is obtained for the maximum laser energy process window through finite element modeling.
Decay of Mishima's Japan: His Final Word

Japan's Yukio Mishima gave a clue as to his reasons for his seppuku (samurai ritual suicide) five years before his death, when in 1965 he announced his plan for a tetralogy of novels tracing Japan's history in the twentieth century, after which he would have nothing left to say. That series of novels, The Sea of Fertility, indicts the West with its democratizing, commercializing influence for the erosion of traditional Japanese culture and morality. Mishima alerted Japan to his intent in his stage play Madame de Sade, appearing the year he started his tetralogy. Just as the democratizing French Revolution, the background of the stage play, hastens the erosion of traditional society and culture in the European West, so too the democratizing revolution in Japan, starting with the Meiji Restoration in 1868, erodes traditional society and culture in Japan, with what were, for Mishima, unacceptable results.
Further Studies of the d-Aspartic Acid-activating Enzyme of Streptococcus faecalis and Its Attachment to the Membrane

Abstract The d-aspartic acid-activating enzyme of Streptococcus faecalis is found both in the supernatant solution and bound to the membrane. Under the gentlest conditions of lysis, virtually all of the enzyme is on the membrane fraction. When the enzyme is prepared from the supernatant fraction, it has a higher molecular weight than when it is prepared from the membrane, but it can be disaggregated by treatment with salt. Both preparations can be rebound to saltdepleted membranes under certain conditions. Both preparations also contain d-aspartyltransferase activity which can transfer aspartic acid from β-d-aspartyl phosphate (the presumed intermediate) either to a uridine nucleotide acceptor or to a lipid intermediate in peptidoglycan synthesis. The transferase and the activating enzyme have not been separated so far.
Optical waveguide crosstalk SPICE modeling for package system signal integrity simulation

A SPICE modeling method for optical waveguide crosstalk in intensity modulated optical link is proposed based on the data from hardware sample measurements or electromagnetic simulations at optical wave frequencies. The proposed equivalent baseband SPICE model is for the applications of signal integrity transient simulation by using general-purpose SPICE or SPICE-like circuit simulators with marching time steps in the electrical signal envelop regime. In addition to crosstalk modeling, the proposed method can also be applied to transmission modeling directly.
Erratum to “Structure of Johns rings”

We note several corrections to [F-M] that facilitate its reading: (1) Replace the part of lines 3-5 in the proof of Theorem 3.6, p. 1076, starting with "If dimK V = 1" up to the display "Av n Adv = 0" with: Also by Proposition 3.4 and Lemma 2.2 of [F-M] (or Lemma 1 of [J]), V is a torsion free canonical left A-module, hence A C K canonically. Furthermore, suppose that 0 7& v E V and 0 =A d E K are such that Rv n R(dv) = 0, equivalently,
Hypermedia Computer-Based Education in Social Work Education.

Abstract Hypermedia computer-based education (CBE) is an emerging information technology that makes possible user-directed, nonsequential exploration of, and interaction with, information presented through a variety of media including text, animation, graphics, sound, and video. This article describes hypermedia CBE and briefly reviews the research on its instructional efficacy. A synopsis of the theoretical foundation covers cognitive theory concepts of information networks and associative learning, web teaching principles, andragogical theory as it relates to social work education, and hypermedia CBE structure. Examples of current and potential applications in social work education demonstrate that hypermedia CBE can emulate the dynamic, iterative learning process of knowledge acquisition, knowledge testing, and content integration through practice simulation.