cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Admission hyperuricemia increases the risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients

Background: The association between elevated admission serum uric acid (SUA) and risk of in-hospital acute kidney injury (AKI)islimited.Theaimof thisstudywastoassesstheriskofdevelopingAKIinallhospitalizedpatientswithvariousadmission SUA levels. Methods: Thisisasingle-centerretrospectivestudyconductedatatertiaryreferralhospital.Allhospitalizedadultpatientswho had admission SUA available from January 2011 through December 2013 were analyzed in this study. Admission SUA was categorized based on its distribution into six groups ( 9.4 mg/dL). The primaryoutcome was in-hospital AKI occurring after hospital admission. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratio (OR) of AKI of various admission SUA levels using the most common SUA level range (5.8–7.6 mg/dL) as the reference group. Results: Of 1435 patients enrolled, AKI occurred in 263 patients (18%). The incidence of AKI and need for dialysis was increased in patients with higher admission SUA levels. After adjusting for potential confounders, SUA >9.4 mg/dL was associated with an increased risk of developing AKI, with ORs of 1.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.82]. Conversely, admission SUA <3.4 and 3.4–4.5 mg/dL were associated with a decreased risk of developing AKI, with ORs of 0.38 (95% CI 0.17–0.75) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.28–0.87), respectively. Conclusions: Elevated admission SUA was associated with an increased risk for in-hospital AKI.
Properties and Function of an Internal Clock

Publisher Summary The term “time discrimination” has no exact meaning, but the common examples of it share two properties: (1) the probability of some learned response changes with the time since some event, and (2) the function relating response probability and time changes with the time of the motivating event—for example, food or shock. The inhibition-of-delay results of Pavlov were the first examples of animal time discrimination. One of Pavlov's examples, originally published in 1980, used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) the sound of a whistle. During the first minute of the whistle, there were zero drops of saliva, during the second minute, about five drops, and during the third minute, about nine drops. In addition, Pavlov found that the pause before salivating was proportional to the length of the CS; this satisfies the second condition. The introduction by Skinner of fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement made it much easier to observe timing, especially in rats. Skinner was training rats in the first Skinner boxes. He began by rewarding every response, but changed to rewarding responses only once a minute (a fixed-interval schedule) to make his supply of pellets last longer. After training with this procedure, a cumulative record of the number of responses showed the now-familiar fixed-interval scallops-response rate was low at the beginning of the interval and much higher near the end.
Cross-Border Application of OTC Derivatives Rules: Revisiting the Substituted Compliance Approach

The substituted compliance regulatory framework is currently being phased in for cross-border over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives transactions involving US and, in some instances, non-US dealers. Implementation of a substituted compliance regime revealed significant flaws in how regulators approached the extraterritorial application of their authority. This article revisits the approach to substituted compliance with OTC derivatives rules and suggests that a calibration of this approach, which would create a more flexible framework while not affecting allocation of systemic risk, is required.
A Fusarium Disease of the Pansy

The pansy, Viola tricolor L., seems to be affected by only a few widely distributed fungi. According to Saccardo's " Sylloge Fungorum," the following fungi are known to occur on the pansy in various parts of the world: Asteroma latebrarum Grogn., France; Catharinia americana (Ell. and Ev.) Sacc., America; Cercospora Violae-tricoloris Br. and Cav., Italy; Oidium Violae Pass., Italy; Peronospora Violae De Bary, Germany, Britain, America; Phyllosticta Violae Desm., Germany, Hungary, Italy, Britain, France; Puccinia Violae (Schum.) DC., Europe, Asia, America; Ramularia agrestis Sacc., Germany, Italy; Ramularia lactea (Desm.) Sacc., Germany, Hungary, Italy, France, Britain; Synchitrium aureum Schroet., Europe, America; Urocystis Violae (Sow.) Fisch., Germany, Britain, Holland, Italy, France; Phonia Violae-tricoloris Diedicke, Germany; Cladochytriunt Violae Berlese, Italy; Colletotrichumt Violae-tricoloris Smith, America. Most of these fungi occur on the leaves, several of them being saprophytic or else appearing only on languid or dying leaves. The violet rust, Puccinia Violae, which is parasitic on all of the aerial parts of the plant, is perhaps the most common. The violet smut, Urocystis Violae, appears on the petioles and leaves and has been generally reported from Europe. Colletotrichum Violaetricoloris causes a spotting of the leaves very similar in appearance to the common leaf-spot of the violet and also affects the petals, causing them to die along the margins and often inhibiting their development so that the flowers are malformed. Cladochytrium Violae, one of the Chytridineae, is parasitic on the roots of pansies in Italy, forming its spores within the tissue of the host. It is only in extreme cases that the entire plant or entire beds are killed by the ravages of any of these forms, although some parts of the plants are often badly affected. During the past two years a stem and root disease has been 19
A12 A Look At The Road Ahead – The Challenge Of Biomarkers End The Endpoints Quest

HD researchers have put tremendous effort into looking for biomarkers that track with disease progression, potential endpoints that show differential signals across stages of the disease, and, more recently, pharmacodynamic biomarkers that provide mechanistic readouts. Many of these tools were identified with convergent evidence from studies of varying sizes, from multiple countries with a broad spectrum of researchers, and generally with a high standard for scientific integrity. The ultimate goal of this effort is to provide tools that facilitate clinical development by refining patient selection, demonstrating early signals of therapeutic benefit, and ultimately establishing efficacy of new treatments. The lack of existing effective treatments complicates this task. We are now in the fortunate position of being able to evaluate these tools in the context of ongoing and upcoming clinical trials. Clinical development of a new therapeutic proceeds through a sequence of studies where results at each step impact decisions for future studies. Because of the impact that false positives and false negatives will have on future decisions, it is our responsibility to use the most rigorous standards for the design, analysis and interpretation of these studies. Hopefully over the next few years we will have not only validated tools, but also effective treatments with which to evaluate future tools.
Thinking of Chengde Hydropower Resources Development and Rural Hydropower Sustainable Development

Chengde hydropower resources are more abundant,but are relatively undeveloped.The limitation factors of hydropower resource development and utilization were analyzed through studying the hydropower resources and development condition of the whole city.Pelying on small hydropower fuel project and rural electrification county construction projects,overall plans should be made and all factors should be taken into consideration,rational and orderly development of hydropower resources should be insisted to achieve Chengde rural hydropower sustainable development.
The times they (may) be a-changin': too much screening is a health problem.

248 Am J P The appeal of screening for both the public and the medical profession has been a dominant force in prevention for the past 50 years. The general trend toward increased intensity of screening—screening more people with more sensitive tests more often—has continued seemingly unfazed by the occasional objections of some. Until now. Of late, there has been a growing chorus of voices that suggest a coming change in the attitudes of the public and the profession. Although the reasons are not clear, the media regularly discusses “waste” in the healthcare system, that we are testing and treating more than we need. Books for both the public and the profession have discussed overdiagnosis and overtreatment as a result of too much testing and screening. Consumer Reports has teamed up with the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation to develop a “Choosing Wisely” campaign (consumerhealthchoices.org/campaigns/choosing-wisely/). Journal articles have even started using the term “harm” for the adverse events that come from medical interventions. And the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), sometimes joined by other professional and advocacy groups, has continued to recommend less screening for breast cancer (every other year rather than annually, starting older and ending younger); colorectal cancer (may use approaches other than colonoscopy, should stop at older ages); prostate cancer (stop screening altogether); and cervical cancer (start at age 21, screen every 3 years, stop at age 65 or after hysterectomy). The new message from all of these sources boils down to this: Screening is not the unqualified good that we have advertised it to be. It has clear potential harms as well as benefits, and these must be carefully weighed before a rational decision about screening can be made.
Chronic renal failure increases cytosolic Ca2+ of hepatocytes.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with increased Ca2+ content of liver and reduced hepatic lipase activity. This has been attributed to a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) of the hepatocytes, but data on this issue are lacking. We examined the [Ca2+]i and ATP content of hepatocytes as well as the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase), Ca(2+)-ATPase, and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger of hepatic membrane vesicles from normal rats, animals with 6 wk of CRF, CRF normocalcemic parathyroidectomized (CRF-PTX) rats, and CRF and normal animals treated with verapamil (CRF-V, normal-V). [Ca2+]i in hepatocytes of CRF rats was higher (281 +/- 7.4 nM) and ATP lower (6.4 +/- 1.8 nmol/mg protein) than in normal (209 +/- 5.3 nM; 12.5 +/- 0.89 nmol/mg protein), CRF-PTX (212 +/- 1.0 nM; 13.7 +/- 0.79 nmol/mg protein), normal-V (215 +/- 2.3 nM; 14.2 +/- 0.77 nmol/mg protein), and CRF-V rats (209 +/- 7.4 nM; 14.8 +/- 0.72 nmol/10(6) cells). The Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, the maximal velocity of Ca(2+)-ATPase,...
What is my ethical responsibility toward patients who refuse to be treated with materials containing fluoride

QI practice in a community without water fluoridation. I am diligent in educating my patients and their families about the benefits of fluoride supplements, fluoride varnish and fluoride toothpaste. While most of my patients understand and accept the benefits of fluoride, a few patients think that fluoride is detrimental and refuse it in any form for themselves and their children. An increasing number of our restorative materials and cements contain fluoride. If I am aware that a patient does not want fluoride, am I ethically bound to inform him or her that a restorative material contains fluoride?
Reprint of: Combining theory and experiment for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant X-ray scattering characterization of polymers

An improved understanding of fundamental chemistry, electronic structure, morphology, and dynamics in polymers and soft materials requires advanced characterization techniques that are amenable to in situ and operando studies. Soft X-ray methods are especially useful in their ability to non-destructively provide information on specific materials or chemical moieties. Analysis of these experiments, which can be very dependent on X-ray energy and polarization, can quickly become complex. Complementary modeling and predictive capabilities are required to properly probe these critical features. Here, we present relevant background on this emerging suite of techniques. We focus on how the combination of theory and experiment has been applied and can be further developed to drive our understanding of how these methods probe relevant chemistry, structure, and dynamics in soft materials.
What Do You Do When You Know That You Don't Know?

Real-world biometrics recognition problems often have two unknowns: the person be recognized, as well as a hidden unknown - missing data. If we choose to ignore data that is occasionally missing, we sacrifice accuracy. In this paper, we present a novel technique to address the problem of handling missing data in biometrics systems without having to make implicit assumptions on the distribution of the underlying data. We introduce the concept of "operational adaptation" for biometric systems and formalize the problem. We present a solution for handling missing data based on refactoring on Support Vector Machines for large scale face recognition tasks. We also develop a general approach to estimating SVM refactoring risk. We present experiments on large-scale face recognition based on describable visual attributes on LFW dataset. Our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods designed to handle missing data.
Hard Time or Hospital Treatment? Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System

When a mentally ill person comes into contact with the criminal justice system, the decision about whether that person belongs in jail or in the hospital is rarely a clinical one. But it may shape the course of the person's life for many years to come.
The role of baryons in creating statistically significant planes of satellites around Milky Way-mass galaxies

We investigate whether the inclusion of baryonic physics influences the formation of thin, coherently rotating planes of satellites such as those seen around the Milky Way and Andromeda. For four Milky Way-mass simulations, each run both as dark matter-only and with baryons included, we are able to identify a planar configuration that significantly maximizes the number of plane satellite members. The maximum plane member satellites are consistently different between the dark matter-only and baryonic versions of the same run due to the fact that satellites are both more likely to be destroyed and to infall later in the baryonic runs. Hence, studying satellite planes in dark matter-only simulations is misleading, because they will be composed of different satellite members than those that would exist if baryons were included. Additionally, the destruction of satellites in the baryonic runs leads to less radially concentrated satellite distributions, a result that is critical to making planes that are statistically significant compared to a random distribution. Since all planes pass through the centre of the galaxy, it is much harder to create a plane from a random distribution if the satellites have a low radial concentration. We identify Andromeda's low radial satellite concentration as a key reason why the plane in Andromeda is highly significant. Despite this, when co-rotation is considered, none of the satellite planes identified for the simulated galaxies are as statistically significant as the observed planes around the Milky Way and Andromeda, even in the baryonic runs.
Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules

Background: Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) is a tool used to help the bronchoscopist reach target lesions in the lung which would otherwise be very difficult or impossible to reach. There is ongoing debate about the usefulness of ENB. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule who underwent ENB between August 2010 and November 2013 was done. An analysis of the four common tools used to sample the lung through ENB at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in Lubbock, including transbronchial biopsy (TBBx), transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), transbronchial brush, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), was performed. Results were analyzed to calculate the diagnostic yields of these tools. Results: A total of 64 patients were analyzed. For all conditions, the diagnostic yields were 71%, 50%, 28%, and 23% for TBBx, TBNA, brush, and BAL, respectively. For patients with a malignant diagnosis the diagnostic yields were 75% for TBBx, 73% for TBNA, 41% for brush, and 30% for BAL. Conclusion: The transbronchial biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration were the most useful tools. The transbronchial brush and BAL had very low diagnostic yields and did not add to the diagnostic yield of lung cancer over that of TBBx or TBNA.
Ichnology of an Eocene shallow marine passive margin condensed section, eastern Gulf coastal plain, Alabama, U.S.A.

Abstract Exposures of the Eocene Tallahatta Formation in southern Alabama (U.S.A.) provided the opportunity to document the ichnologic character of a highly condensed, passive-margin transgressive systems tract and its two component parasequences. The studied succession is dominated by variably glauconitic, fossiliferous muddy sands deposited in shallow marine shelf settings. Thorough bioturbation and abundance of mud indicate quiet background conditions, whereas admixed sand and localized scour features indicate periodic influence by bottom currents. Parasequences, delineated based on vertical trends in glauconite abundance, are bounded at their bases by flooding surfaces marked by Thalassinoides-dominated firmground ichnofabrics but internally host moderately diverse Cruziana ichnofacies assemblages. Recurring softground ichnofossils include Asterosoma, Chondrites, Diopatrichnus, Ophiomorpha, Planolites, Rosselia, Teichichnus, Thalassinoides, and enigmatic composite structures, the distributions and abundances of which vary within and between parasequences. Increasing prominence of Diopatrichnus and Rosselia towards parasequence tops reflects organismal responses to environmental changes associated with shallowing and/or enhanced preservation potential of shallow-tier structures in response to increased sedimentation rates. Maximum sediment starvation during deposition of the uppermost parasequence is reflected by peaks in burrow density, softground ichnofossil diversity, and concentrations of Entobia-bored shells and Teredolites-bored logs. Enigmatic composite burrows and common Thalassinoides with linings and/or meniscate backfills are ubiquitous and may be diagnostic of sediment starvation and prolonged habitation of slowly accreting substrates.
Quantitative representation of Eustachian tube component movements during swallowing.

Abstract Objective Describes a method of dynamic video-endoscopy of the Eustachian tube (ET) orifice at the nasopharynx to quantitatively represent ET component movements during swallowing using a graphic function and analyze their importance to its opening mechanics. Methods This was a pilot study of relational event capture using a polar coordinate system applied to trans-nasal video-endoscopic recordings of the ET during 3 swallows in 5 adults. After topical anesthesia of the nose, a 45° telescope was introduced unilaterally and focused on the ipsilateral ET orifice. For each recording, consecutive still-frame images were analyzed by identifying 4 fixed-point locators; the luminal apex, lateral and medial walls and the torus. A frame-normal, horizontal line was constructed through the apex and, then, the medial angles defined at the intersection of the horizontal line and the lines from apex to each point locator were measured. The magnitudes of these angles were plotted as a function of time (i.e. successive frames) for each swallow. Results The resulting graphs captured the “in plane” relational movements for the locator points during a swallow. Complex interactions among the ET components were resolvable and the patterns were reproducible across swallows. Individual peculiarities observable on review of the corresponding “movies” such as double-swallows, delayed swallows and ET luminal constriction were easily identified in the graphic representation. Conclusion This methodology is potentially useful for summary presentations of the ET mechanics of individual patients and for quantifying differences in those mechanics between groups defined by their history of middle-ear disease.
Heterozygous Null LDLR Mutation in a Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patient with an Atypical Presentation because of Alcohol Abuse

Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #143890) have lifelong elevations in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) that result in deposition of cholesterol in tendons— referred to as tendon xanthomas and occurring in ≈19% of heterozygous FH patients1—and an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. FH is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from mutations in the LDL receptor ( LDLR ), APOB (apolipoprotein B), or PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9) genes.2 Heterozygous mutations in LDLR are the most common cause of FH. In addition to elevated LDL-C, patients harboring LDLR mutations may have lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and only mild, if any, elevations in triglycerides.3–5 Severe hypertriglyceridemia is rarely seen in FH patients.5 We report an alcoholic patient who presented with severely elevated serum triglycerides and both tuberous and tendon xanthomas in whom the diagnosis of FH was confirmed by genetic testing. A 75-year-old Hispanic man was referred to us for genetic testing as part of a larger research protocol.6 His medical history included 3-vessel coronary artery bypass graft at age 47 and a myocardial infarction at age 60, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, gastro-esophageal reflux, hypertension, recurrent major depressive disorder with a history of a suicide attempt, heavy alcohol and tobacco abuse, and Alzheimer dementia (initially diagnosed at age 72 with superimposed frontal lobe damage from prior alcohol use). Hyperlipidemia was first diagnosed at age 34, although his wife noted that he had Achilles tendon xanthomas and arcus senilis since age 22 (when they first met). He had been tried on multiple medications (he could not recall exact names) and ultimately underwent ileal bypass surgery at age 41 for treatment. The ileal bypass was reversed at age 60 because of multiple episodes of intestinal obstruction. At age 66, he was …
Pneumonia as a trigger for atrial fibrillation.

In a rural mountainous region on a Friday, a 78-year-old man was seen in his physician’s office for leg edema and diagnosed with new onset atrial fibrillation. He was discharged home to start medications for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. He was hospitalized the next day with septic shock due to pneumococcal pneumonia. The new onset of atrial fibrillation requires a trigger acting on a vulnerable substrate. These triggers include acute conditions such as alcohol intoxication, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. Pneumonia may act as a trigger causing the new onset of atrial fibrillation.
Wounded attachments and wounded aesthetics: Wendy Brown, Philip Roth, and a modest theory concerning the interaction of art and politics

In this essay, I develop a healthy way for aesthetics to interact with political society. In States of Injury, Wendy Brown argues that left-wing identity politics equates to Nietzschean ressentimen...
On cutting planes for cardinality-constrained linear programs

We derive cutting planes for cardinality-constrained linear programs. These inequalities can be used to separate any basic feasible solution of an LP relaxation of the problem, assuming that this solution violates the cardinality requirement. To derive them, we first relax the given simplex tableau into a disjunctive set, expressed in the space of nonbasic variables. We establish that coefficients of valid inequalities for the closed convex hull of this set obey ratios that can be computed directly from the simplex tableau. We show that a transportation problem can be used to separate these inequalities. We then give a constructive procedure to generate violated facet-defining inequalities for the closed convex hull of the disjunctive set using a variant of Prim’s algorithm.
Concordance and discordance in cosmology

The success of present and future cosmological studies is tied to the ability to detect discrepancies in complex data sets within the framework of a cosmological model. Tensions caused by the presence of unknown systematic effects need to be isolated and corrected to increase the overall accuracy of parameter constraints, while discrepancies due to new physical phenomena need to be promptly identified. We develop a full set of estimators of internal and mutual agreement and disagreement, whose strengths complement each other. These estimators take into account the effect of prior information and compute the statistical significance of both tensions and confirmatory biases. The estimators that we present optimally weight all parameter space directions that are either fully constrained by the data or the prior, allowing for complete and fair degree of freedom counting. We apply them to a wide range of state-of-the-art cosmological probes and show that these estimators can be easily used, regardless of model and data complexity. We derive a series of results that show that discrepancies indeed arise within the standard $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model. Several of them exceed the probability threshold of 95% and deserve a dedicated effort to understand their origin.
Triple Therapy: When, if Ever?

More than 9% of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) carry a concomitant indication for long-term anticoagulation (OAC). The optimal combination of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for these patients remains uncertain. Numerous studies have demonstrated that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) remains superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in the prevention of stent-related events. Nonetheless, OAC therapy is more efficacious than DAPT at reducing thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The combination of DAPT and OAC, known as triple therapy, portends as much as a threefold increased risk of fatal and nonfatal bleeding compared to warfarin monotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated the safety of shorter durations of triple therapy with subsequent transition to a P2Y12 inhibitor in combination with an OAC. Here, we review the evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of dual therapy with OAC in combination with a P2Y12 inhibitor versus triple therapy among recently stented patients with a long-term requirement for OAC.
Complex Behavior of a Buckled Beam Under Combined Harmonic and Random Loading

Nonlinearities have long been avoided in the design of structural systems. This was done to make problems tractable, to fit within current design paradigms, and often with the assumption that the resulting design would be conservative. Computational methods have made the investigation of nonlinear systems possible, which may yield more accurate and optimal designs. However, in venturing into the nonlinear regime, a designer must be aware of potential pitfalls, one of which is the possibility of unsafe responses “hiding in the weeds” of parameter or initial condition space. In this paper, an experimental study on a damped, post-buckled beam in the presence of noise is used to show that co-existing stationary solutions may be present in real-world scenarios. Stochastic resonance, a surprising phenomenon in which a small harmonic load interacts with, and magnifies the response to, an otherwise pure random load, is also studied and observed to occur in the beam.
Marriage Customs in China

Dr. Hamilton W. Mabie, lately the exchange lecturer to Japan, once said that there is one maxim which a person who attempts to interpret the mind of a foreign people or to report the conditions in a foreign country, should carefully observe. That maxim is: “Neither to laugh, nor to cry, but to understand.” He who does not understand a foreign custom is not qualified even to praise it, and much less to laugh or sneer at it. With this maxim in mind I purpose to discuss the marriage custom in China. My desire is to point out the rationality of the system, not to defend or vindicate it, but to give the reader a better understanding of it.
Protecting Workers Abroad and Industries at Home: Rights-based Conditionality in Trade Preference Programs:

A growing number of developed country governments link good governance, including human rights, to developing countries’ access to aid, trade, and investment. We consider whether governments enforc...
Posthumanism’s Material Problem

Several areas of posthumanism and new materialism necessitate critique. First, Deleuzian becoming as a basis for materialist posthumanism contains several contradictions and too much uncertainty about its particular material processes. Second, the material ontology of posthumanism is predicated on an analysis of Cartesian dualism that erroneously rejects the more-than-material metaphysical category in order to move humans out of it. The correct interpretation is that a non-clerical, more-than-material ontological category has always existed. Therefore, more-than-human beings should be reinstalled in it like they were in the time before the Enlightenment. Third, posthumanist notions of human-nature relational “asymmetry” as a means of liberating more-than-human beings from humanism instead perpetuate dualist, old materialist hierarchies that leave humans as relationally superior. Fourth, Karen Barad’s agential realism positions relations as ontologically precedent to relata, which is logically untenable. Finally, though agential realisms has significant strengths, it negates human and more-than-human Selves-in-relation as ontologically basic.
Congeneric variability in lifespan extension and onset of senescence suggest active regulation of aging in response to low temperature

Lifespan extension under low temperature is well conserved across both endothermic and exothermic taxa, but the mechanism underlying this change in aging is poorly understood. Low temperature is thought to decrease metabolic rate, thus slowing the accumulation of cellular damage from reactive oxygen species, although recent evidence suggests involvement of specific cold-sensing biochemical pathways. We tested the effect of low temperature on aging in 11 strains of Brachionus rotifers, with the hypothesis that if the mechanism of lifespan extension is purely thermodynamic, all strains should have a similar increase in lifespan. We found differences in change in median lifespan ranging from a 6% decrease to a 100% increase, as well as differences in maximum and relative lifespan extension and in mortality rate. Low temperature delays reproductive senescence in most strains, suggesting an extension of healthspan, even in strains with little to no change in lifespan. The combination of low temperature and caloric restriction in one strain resulted in an additive lifespan increase, indicating these interventions may work via non- or partially-overlapping pathways. The known low temperature sensor TRPA1 is present in the rotifer genome, but chemical TRPA1 agonists did not affect lifespan, suggesting that this gene may be involved in low temperature sensation but not in chemoreception in rotifers. The congeneric variability in response to low temperature suggests that the mechanism of low temperature lifespan extension is an active genetic process rather than a passive thermodynamic one and is dependent upon genotype.
Information Extraction from Scientific Literature for Method Recommendation.

As a research community grows, more and more papers are published each year. As a result there is increasing demand for improved methods for finding relevant papers, automatically understanding the key ideas and recommending potential methods for a target problem. Despite advances in search engines, it is still hard to identify new technologies according to a researcher's need. Due to the large variety of domains and extremely limited annotated resources, there has been relatively little work on leveraging natural language processing in scientific recommendation. In this proposal, we aim at making scientific recommendations by extracting scientific terms from a large collection of scientific papers and organizing the terms into a knowledge graph. In preliminary work, we trained a scientific term extractor using a small amount of annotated data and obtained state-of-the-art performance by leveraging large amount of unannotated papers through applying multiple semi-supervised approaches. We propose to construct a knowledge graph in a way that can make minimal use of hand annotated data, using only the extracted terms, unsupervised relational signals such as co-occurrence, and structural external resources such as Wikipedia. Latent relations between scientific terms can be learned from the graph. Recommendations will be made through graph inference for both observed and unobserved relational pairs.
NOW YOU SEE ME, NOW YOU DON'T: HIGH-DOSE TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR FOR MECHANICAL MITRAL VALVE THROMBOSIS AND CARDIOEMBOLIC MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE SETTING OF CATASTROPHIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME

Mechanical heart valve thrombosis (MHVT) is rare but can lead to life threatening complications. Low-dose ultraslow tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) infusion is being used for treatment of MHVT as an effective alternative to surgery. There is however no guidance on management of MHVT in the
Non-perturbative Approach to Equation of State and Collective Modes of the QGP

We discuss a non-perturbative T -matrix approach to investigate the microscopic structure of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Utilizing an effective Hamiltonian which includes both light- and heavy-parton degrees of freedoms. The basic two-body interaction includes color-Coulomb and confining contributions in all available color channels, and is constrained by lattice-QCD data for the heavy-quark free energy. The in-medium T -matrices and parton spectral functions are computed selfconsistently with full account of off-shell properties encoded in large scattering widths. We apply the T -matrices to calculate the equation of state (EoS) for the QGP, including a ladder resummation of the Luttinger-Ward functional using a matrix-log technique to account for the dynamical formation of bound states. It turns out that the latter become the dominant degrees of freedom in the EoS at low QGP temperatures indicating a transition from parton to hadron degrees of freedom. The calculated spectral properties of one- and two-body states confirm this picture, where large parton scattering rates dissolve the parton quasiparticle structures while broad resonances start to form as the pseudocritical temperature is approached from above. Further calculations of transport coefficients reveal a small viscosity and heavy-quark diffusion coefficient.
Classical Discrete Groups

In this chapter, we study classical discrete groups of isometries of S n , E n , and H n . We begin with the theory of discrete reflection groups. In Section 7.4, we study the theory of crystallographic groups. The chapter ends with a proof of Selberg’s lemma.
Multi-Access Networking with Wireless Ultrasound-Powered Implants

Multi-access networking with miniaturized wireless implantable devices can enable and advance closed-loop medical applications to deliver precise diagnosis and treatment. Using ultrasound (US) for wireless implant systems is an advantageous approach as US can beamform with high spatial resolution to efficiently power and address multiple implants in the network. To demonstrate these capabilities, we use wirelessly powered mm-sized implants with bidirectional communication links; uplink data communication measurements are performed using time, spatial, and frequency-division multiplexing schemes in tissue phantom. A 32-channel linear transmitter array and an external receiver are used as a base station to network with two implants that are placed 6.5 cm deep and spaced less than 1 cm apart. Successful wireless powering and uplink data communication around 100 kbps with a measured bit error rate below 10-4 are demonstrated for all three networking schemes, validating the multi-access networking feasibility of US wireless implant systems.
Impact of bladder cancer stage on work impairment and financial toxicity.

460Background: Bladder cancer has been linked to financial toxicity with conflicting results regarding the impact of stage. Our objective was to evaluate financial toxicity and work impairment amon...
Workplace Rumors About Women's Sexual Promiscuity as Gender-Based Insults Under Title VII

In recent years, the term “slut-shaming” has been used to describe criticism of a woman for her real or perceived sexual promiscuity. Until now, much of the national focus has been placed on slut-shaming of school-aged girls and young women. This article focuses on how slut-shaming also occurs in the American workplace and how courts have dealt with hostile work environment cases based in whole or in part on rumors about adult women’s sexual promiscuity. In particular, courts have struggled with how to interpret Title VII’s seemingly simple requirement that conduct occur “because of” sex. Courts have often failed to recognize the gendered aspect of sexual rumors about women; namely that due to the continued existence of the sexual double standard, rumors about a woman’s sexual promiscuity reproach her for violating gender norms for women.
Emergent Inpatient Administration of Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Cocktail for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to have the highest mortality rate among the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. Viral load has been directly correlated with increased risk of mortality in hospitalized patients. Once infected, symptoms first arise approximately six to seven days later followed by immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies appearing 8-12 days after onset of clinical symptoms. Recent studies have noted that the monoclonal antibody combination of casirivimab and imdevimab (REGN-COV2) effectively reduces viral load in infected seronegative non-hospitalized patients. However, research supporting the use of REGN-COV2 in an inpatient setting is limited. We present the case of a 45-year-old male with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with moderate dyspnea and progressive worsening of his symptoms over a week period. The patient showed drastic improvement of his symptoms after a single low-dose regimen of REGN-COV2 infusion while admitted to the hospital and was subsequently discharged without further medical complications.
Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of 3-hydroxypentanoic acid and 3-oxopentanoic acid in human plasma and its application to a clinical study of glucose transporter type I deficiency (G1D) syndrome

Abstract Interest in human and experimental animal metabolism of substrates containing an odd number of carbons capable of fueling the tricarboxylic acid cycle such as heptanoic acid has motivated us to develop and validate a selective and specific liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous, quantitative determination of the ketone body byproducts 3-hydroxypentanoic acid and 3-oxopentanoic acid in plasma. Human plasma samples were protein-precipitated with methanol containing 0.2% formic acid. Chromatographic resolution was achieved on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column using gradient elution with mobile phases of water containing 0.1% formic acid and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid at 0.3 mL/min flow rate. The retention times of 3-hydroxypentanoic acid, 3-oxopentanoic acid and sulbactam (internal standard) were 3.85, 4.23, and 5.11 min, respectively. Validation was conducted in accordance with United States Food and Drug Administration guidance. The validated range of 3-hydroxypentanoic acid was 0.078–5 µg/mL and 0.156–10 µg/mL for 3-oxopentanoic acid. The method was accurate and precise over this range and exhibited 10-fold dilution integrity in human plasma. Recovery> 88% was achieved for analytes and internal standard. There was no matrix effect observed in human plasma. Both 3-hydroxypentanoic acid and 3-oxopentanoic acid were stable across conditions including autosampler, benchtop and freeze-thaw, as well as demonstrated long-term stability at −80 °C. The method was applied to the measurement of 3-hydroxypentanoic acid and 3-oxopentanoic acid concentrations in plasma from subjects receiving the triglyceride triheptanoin (as a source of heptanoate) for the experimental treatment of glucose transporter type I deficiency (G1D) syndrome.
Hyperglycemic Emergencies Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Series and Discussion.

Context Hyperglycemic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) and new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Hyperglycemia is a predictor of poor prognosis in COVID-19 disease. Objectives The objective of this work is to describe a case series of HHS and/or DKA likely triggered by the COVID-19 vaccine. The aim is to alert physicians of the potential hyperglycemic complications from the COVID-19 vaccination and to provide further insight into the underlying mechanism of the bidirectional relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and DM. Case descriptions All 3 patients developed HHS and/or DKA within 2 to 10 days of the COVID-19 vaccination. PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 was negative and other clinical precipitating factors were excluded. Two patients had a history of type 2 DM (T2DM) with pre-admission HbA1c levels of 7.0% to 7.5% while 1 patient was newly diagnosed with T2DM during the hospitalization. They were each treated with insulin infusion and were discharged on subcutaneous insulin therapy. Due to the rapid resolution of the hyperglycemia, insulin was discontinued in all patients within 8 weeks and they remain well-controlled on oral DM medications. Conclusion Severe hyperglycemia including HHS and DKA may be triggered by COVID-19 vaccination. Early evaluation and screening of patients with hyperglycemic symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination is recommended. The vaccine-induced hyperglycemia may provide further insight into the underlying pathogenesis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. The underlying robust inflammatory response and "cytokine storm" may be the primary precipitant.
The Rhetorrectional Situation

In the early nineteenth century, the demand for cadavers in medical schools was so high that by 1828, London had “ten full-time body snatchers and two hundred or so part timers.” Anatomists would pay these workers, known as “resurrectionists,” so that the dead might be able to help the living live better lives by revealing the truth of anatomy hidden in their bodies. While metaphors of necromancy may seem apropos for a theory of spectral rhetoric, that practice implies a power of control over the dead for personal gain. Instead, I have chosen the metaphor of resurrection for spectral rhetoric as it implies giving life back to the dead in order to let them live again to benefit the living, not through exploitation, but through messages of justice.
Bulk Transition Metal Dichalcogendes For Integrated Nonophotonics

we study integrated optics components made of bulk transition metal dichalcogenides and show that such components may offer twice smaller footprint and mode area, and nearly twice smaller energy switching, which can lead to dense and efficient integrated optics circuits.
Contemporary Management of Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Management of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas (RP STS) can be very challenging. In contrast to the more common extremity STS, the two predominant histologic subtypes encountered in the retroperitoneum are well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for RP STS. Preoperative planning and anticipation of the need for resection of adjacent organs/structures are critical. The extent of surgery, including the role of compartmental resection, is still controversial. Radiation therapy may be an important adjunct to surgery to provide locoregional disease control; this is currently being evaluated in the preoperative setting in the EORTC STRASS trial. Systemic therapy, tailored to the specific histologic subtype, may also be of benefit for the management of RP STS. Further investigation of novel therapies (e.g., targeted therapies, immunotherapy) is needed. Overall, multi-institutional collaboration is important moving forward, to continue to better understand and optimize management of this disease.
Commitment, Coercion and Markets: The Nature and Dynamics of Institutions Supporting Exchange

This paper examines, theoretically and historically the factors determining market expansion, that is, the extent to which impersonal exchange among more individuals in more transactions over time and space is potentially welfare enhancing. Social and cultural factors determine the exchange possible based on private order institutions that, in particular, do not depend on enforcement provided by the state. Private-order institutions thereby determine the potential gain from impersonal exchange supported by third-party (i.e., enforcement provided by the state, organized crime network, religious authorities, etc.). Economic agents, however, would not submit themselves to a third-party with the ability to punish them unless it can commit to refrain from abusing its power. Coercion constraining institutions based on such factors as reputation, administrative structure, and limited information enables such commitment. In short the effective supply of third-party enforcement depends on the institutions enabling it to commit. Both the demands for and the effective supply of third-party contract enforcement institutions determines the extent of impersonal markets.