cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of sequential hurricanes on nekton communities in a southeast florida estuary : Short-term effects in the context of historical variations in freshwater inflow

We examined nekton community-level responses to Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne, which made landfall 20 d apart in the St. Lucie estuary in southeastern Florida in 2004. The passage of these storms contributed to large freshwater discharges that exceeded 150 m3 s−1, as well as estuary-wide reductions in salinity and near-hypoxic conditions in the North Fork of the estuary that persisted for several months. Although such environmental variations are not uncommon, seasonal patterns of community structure were disturbed throughout much of the estuary, likely in response to uncharacteristically-rapid reductions in salinity. Immediately following the hurricanes, abundances of several freshwater and oligohaline taxa (i.e., blue crabCallinectes sapidus, shadDorosoma spp., and ladyfishElops saurus) increased markedly in the inner estuary, while abundances of several other fishes (i.e., striped mulletMugil cephalus, white mulletM. curema, lookdownSelene vomer, pigfishOrthopristis chrysoptera, and pinfishLagodon rhomboides) declined. Nekton communities recovered quickly, and by spring, community structure throughout much of the estuary was indistinguishable from pre-hurricane conditions. Although nekton communities were resilient to hurricane-related disturbances, projected increases in Atlantic hurricane activity and associated freshwater discharges over the coming decades may test the resilience of estuarine communities in Florida.
University of California seismographic station for year ending April 30, 1940

Progress at the seismographic station of the University of California for the year ending April 30, 1940, is indicated by the following list of papers: [1] Perry Byerly, Near earthquakes in Central California, Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., v. 29, No. 3, July, 1939. [2] Perry Byerly, Speeds of seismic waves and Earth structure in Central California (abstract), Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., v. 50, No. 12, Part 2, December, 1939. [3] Perry Byerly, Earthquake epicenters and structure of the Pacific Region of North America (northern part), to appear in Proc. Sixth Pacific Sci. Cong., held August, 1939. [4] Perry Byerly, Seismicity of the Northern Pacific Coast of the United States, Bull. Geol. Soc Amer., v. 5, No. 1, February, 1940. [5] Perry Byerly, Microseisms at Berkeley and surf on nearby coasts, paper read before the International Commission for the Study of Sea Waves of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Washington, September, 1939, to appear in Annales de la Commission pour l'Etude des Raz de Maree. [6] Perry Byerly and Horace Miller, Earthquakes in Northern California and registration of earthquakes at Berkeley, Mount Hamilton, Palo Alto, San Francisco,, Ferndale, Fresno, from January 1, 1938, to March 30, 1938, Bull. Seis. Stations, Univ. Calif., April, 1940. [7] James T. Wilson, The surface waves of the South Atlantic Earthquake of August 29, 1933, to be published in Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer. [8] John N. Adkins, The Alaskan earthquake of July 22, 1937, to be published in Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer. [9] Perry Byerly and Horace Miller, Earthquakes in Northern California and registration of earthquakes at Berkeley, Mount Hamilton, Palo Alto, San Francisco, Ferndale, Fresno, from April 1, 1938, to July 1, 1938, in press. [10] Perry Byerly and Horace Miller, Earthquakes in Northern California and registration of earthquakes at Berkeley, Mount Hamilton, Palo Alto, San Francisco, Ferndale, Fresno, from July 1, 1938, to October 1, 1938, in press.
Measurement of Residue Curve Maps and Heterogeneous Kinetics in Methyl Acetate Synthesis

Kinetically controlled reactive distillation is a bridge between the two limiting cases of nonreactive and equilibrium reactive distillation. In this paper, we study the influence of heterogeneous catalysis on the transition from the nonreactive to the equilibrium reactive limits for the esterification of acetic acid with methanol. A Langmuir−Hinshelwood/Hougen−Watson rate model was developed to represent the reaction kinetics. Since reactive distillation is carried out at the boiling temperature of the liquid, the pressure of the system plays an important role in determining the product composition. Higher operating pressures imply higher temperatures and faster rates of reaction but could also lower equilibrium conversions (for exothermic systems) and trigger unwanted side reactions. To study the importance of side reactions and the effect of pressure on product selectivity, we also include the reaction kinetics for methanol dehydration. Isothermal batch kinetic experiments were performed using a hetero...
METHYL FORMATE ON AG(111). 2. ELECTRON-INDUCED SURFACE REACTIONS

Methyl formate, HCOOCH3, molecularly adsorbed at 120 K on Ag(111), readily undergoes electron-induced chemistry. Working mainly with monolayer coverages and 50 eV electrons, we have characterized the products ejected during electron irradiation and desorbed thermally after irradiation. Controlled electron irradiation at 120 K dissociates HCOOCH3, but more than 95% of the C and O is retained, even when the original monolayer is completely dissociated. H2, CH4, CH2O, CO2, and HOCH2CHO (glycolaldehyde) desorb as the temperature is raised. Heating to 450 K leaves a clean Ag(111) surface as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and work function change measurements. Primary products are themselves altered by electron irradiation; no new products appear in desorption, but the distribution changes. The data support a two-channel electron dissociation model, one forming methyl (H3C(a)) and formates (HCOO(a) and HCO(a)O(a)), the second forming methoxy (CH3O(a)) and formyl (HC(a)O).
Spectrum for the Seventies and Beyond

Radio frequency spectrum management for the 1970's is discussed, with the role of IEEE's Joint Technical Advisory Committee defined.
The Lysophosphatidic Acid Type 2 Receptor Is Required for Protection Against Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

Background & Aims: We recently identified lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a potent antiapoptotic agent for the intestinal epithelium. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of octadecenyl thiophosphate (OTP), a novel rationally designed, metabolically stabilized LPA mimic, on radiation-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The receptors and signaling pathways activated by OTP were examined in IEC-6 and RH7777 cell lines and wild-type and LPA1 and LPA2 knockout mice exposed to different apoptotic stimuli. Results: OTP was more efficacious than LPA in reducing gamma irradiation–, camptothecin-, or tumor necrosis factor α/cycloheximide–induced apoptosis and caspase-3-8, and caspase-9 activity in the IEC-6 cell line. In RH7777 cells lacking LPA receptors, OTP selectively protected LPA2 but not LPA1 and LPA3 transfectants. In C57BL/6 and LPA1 knockout mice exposed to 15 Gy gamma irradiation, orally applied OTP reduced the number of apoptotic bodies and activated caspase-3–positive cells but was ineffective in LPA2 knockout mice. OTP, with higher efficacy than LPA, enhanced intestinal crypt survival in C57BL/6 mice but was without any effect in LPA2 knockout mice. Intraperitoneally administered OTP reduced death caused by lethal dose (LD)100/30 radiation by 50%. Conclusions: Our data indicate that OTP is a highly effective antiapoptotic agent that engages similar prosurvival pathways to LPA through the LPA2 receptor subtype.
Educational attainment as a selective factor in marital status transitions in the United States.

Data on marital status from the 1940, 1950, and 1960 censuses of the United States are organized to show (1) trends in percentages of men and women who were single, by age and education (grades of school completed); (2) relative education levels of husbands and wives for selected groups of couples in 1940 and I960 with comparisons for the two years; and (3) education levels of women in 1950 by marital status, controlling for age and year of entry into the 1950 marital status. The rate at which single persons married for the first time increased markedly during the decade of the 1940's but much less in the next decade. The 1940's increases occurred for both sexes at all educational levels and at all ages except the oldest. However, the rate of increase was greatest for both sexes in the ages from about 20 to 34 for women and 22 to S4for men (modal age for first marriage is 18 for women and 21 for men). The distribution of percents single by age was about the same in all three censuses for persons with elementary schooling.A trend toward smaller proportions of the single, both men and women, among young persons with college education continued for the entire twenty-year period, despite the lack of such a trend in the 1950's at other age and education levels. However, the available data on education of first-married husbands and wives indicate that the ratio of college-educated husbands to college-educated wives was higher in 1960 than in 1940. Part of the explanation may lie in the relatively high proportions of college-educated women found in the marital statuses "divorced" and "married more than once" in the 1950 Census, particularly at the younger ages and shorter durations; but the data are not adequate for a very satisfactory explanation. For the younger first-married for whom education of partners was cross-tabulated in 1940 and 1960, the proportions of college-educated persons were so much higher in 1960 than in 1940 that the proportions also increased of both husbands and wives at all educational levels who were married to college-educated partners. There was a marked decline in proportions of couples with only elementary schooling.Finally, based on data from the 1950 Census for women (15-59 years of age), the separated group included more with only elementary schooling, as did the widowed. Those remaining single and those married once usually included the highest proportions of college-educated women.
Mechanisms and new approaches for the allogeneic blood transfusion-induced immunomodulatory effects.

ELLULAR BLOOD components such as red cells, platelets, and granulocytes are routinely used for clinical conditions associated with deficits of these respective cells in patients. Because different alloantigens are present on donor blood cells, elicitation of humoral and cellular immune responses to these foreign antigens is expected. These immune responses could lead to various types of transfusion reactions, such as hemolysis, fever, lung injury, refractoriness to random donor platelets, and so forth. ~ In addition to these well-recognized immunologic reactions, a number of unintended and subtle immunologic consequences associated with transfusions of allogeneic blood components have also been reported. The best-documented consequence is the prolonged survival of renal allografts in patients who had blood transfusions before transplantation. 2,3 This finding indicates that allogeneic blood transfusion could enhance the acceptance of allografts and has prompted extensive investigation on the possible immunologic mechanisms for this intriguing phenomenon. 4 This finding also prompted a close examination of other possible clinical consequences that might have resulted from potential nonspecific immunosuppressive effect of allogeneic blood transfusion. The reported clinical consequences include increased risk of postoperative infection, 5,6 increased growth and dissemination of tumor cells] activation of latent viral infection, 8-1~ amelioration of immune inflammatory diseases,11 and prevention of recurrent spontaneous abortions. ~2,13 However, the causal association between these immunologic effects and allogeneic blood transfusion remains controversial, and the mechanisms for these effects are poorly defined. 13-15 Recent advances in the
Power System Wide-Area Situation Awareness

The definition of the situation awareness and its position and effect in power system is proposed. The main characteristic of situation awareness is described. The functions and realizing ways of the situation awareness are analyzed detailed.
Solvent Extraction Recovery of Byproduct 137Cs and 90Sr from HNO3 Solutions—A Technology Review and Assessment

Abstract A principal purpose of this paper is to call out what is perceived to be a timely need for increased research to develop improved and new solvent extraction technology for recovery of 137Cs and 90Sr from strong (≥ 0.5M HNO3) acid media, technology which can be quickly scaled up to routine plant-scale operation with highly radioactive waste solutions when needed. The present and forseeable future (2020) U.S. inventory of 137Cs and 90sr is listed; much of this inventory is expected to be available only in strongly acidic nuclear waste solutions. Comparison of available methods-precipitation and ion exchange as well as solvent extraction—for recovering 137 Cs and 90Sr from alkaline and acid media demonstrates, as expected, that very limited technology is available for use with strongly acidic solutions. Solvent extraction procedures which employ either macrocyclic polyethers (crown ethers) or dicarbolide. H+{[π-(3)-1, 2-B9C2H11Cl2±2Co}−, to extract 137Cs and 90Sr from ≥ 0.5M HNO3 solutions have rece...
Determining magnetic anisotropy constants with an RSM

Anisotropy energy terms may be obtained by measuring and analyzing the rotating sample magnetometer output as a function of field over a range of harmonic frequencies. General expressions for outputs are calculated in terms of the frequency of rotation and detection, field, magnetization, and anisotropy. Applications to a specific measurement, that of detecting anisotropy constants in uniaxial films, are shown experimentally. For cases in which anisotropic specimens are also single domain, related techniques are presented and also illustrated experimentally with films.
Sintering of Sol-Gel Films

The sintering of films differs from that of bulk gels in several ways. The initial state of a film is generally denser and less crosslinked than a bulk gel made from the same sol, and these factors enhance the densification rate of the film. The substrate constrains the shrinkage of the film, leading to high stresses that retard densification and can influence phase changes. The substrate is a site for heterogeneous nucleation, and crystallization makes densification more difficult, so the competition between sintering and crystallization is particularly important for films. Fast heating favors densification over crystallization, so rapid thermal annealing usually produces denser films. The high surface to volume ratio of a thin film makes it susceptible to degradation by reaction with the substrate and the atmosphere, so choosing compatible materials and avoiding over-firing is essential.
100 K SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE IN THE Tl-Pb-Sr-R-Cu-O SYSTEM WITH R=RARE EARTHS

Superconductivity around 100 K was observed in the Tl-Pb-Sr-R-Cu-O system (R=rare earths) by resistance and ac susceptibility measurements. Powder X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the phase responsible for the superconductivity is of a tetragonal structure with a general formula (Tl1−xPbx)(Sr3−yRy)Cu2Oz (132 phase).
Simultaneous quantification of dissolved organic carbon fractions and copper complexation using solid-phase extraction

Abstract Trace metal cycling in natural waters is highly influenced by the amount and type of dissolved organic C (DOC). Although determining individual species of DOC is unrealistic, there has been success in classifying DOC by determining operationally defined fractions. However, current fractionation schemes do not allow for the simultaneous quantification of associated trace metals. Using operational classifications, a scheme was developed to fractionate DOC based on a set of seven solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The cartridges isolated fractions based on a range of specific mechanisms thought to be responsible for DOC aggregation in solution, as well as molecular weight. The method was evaluated to determine if it can identify differences in DOC characteristics, including differences in Cu–DOC complexation. Results are that: (1) cartridge blanks were low for both DOC and Cu, (2) differences are observed in the distribution of DOC amongst the fractions from various sources that are consistent with what is known about the DOC materials and the mechanisms operative for each cartridge, (3) when present as a free cation, Cu was not retained by non-cationic cartridges allowing the method to be used to assess Cu binding, (4) the capability of the method to provide quantitative assessment of Cu–DOC complexation was demonstrated for a variety of DOC standards, (5) Cu was found to preferentially bind with high molecular weight fractions of DOC, and (6) estimated partitioning coefficients and conditional binding constants for Cu were similar to those reported elsewhere. The method developed describes DOC characteristics based on specific bonding mechanisms (hydrogen, donor–acceptor, London dispersion, and ionic bonding) while simultaneously quantifying Cu–DOC complexation. The method provides researchers a means of describing not only the extent of DOC complexation but also how that complex will be behave in natural waters.
Effects of re-establishing tidal connections in two impounded subtropical marshes on fishes and physical conditions

The effects of reestablishing a marsh-lagoon connection through culverts upon the fish populations and the physical conditions of two impounded sub-tropical marshes are examined. After installation of the culverts, mean salinities in the two marshes increased from approximately 13 ppt to 25 ppt and pH from 7.1 to 7.3. The abundance of marsh resident species, particularly those that forage in the upper marsh, decreased significantly after connection, but utilization of the marshes by transient species increased by almost two orders of magnitude. Modification of the marsh hydroperiod seems to be most important in influencing the changes in the patterns of fish utilization, abundance, and diversity observed at the study sites.
Cecal botryomycosis: case report and review.

Botryomycosis is an uncommon chronic bacterial infection that generally presents as a cutaneous lesion, or rarely, with visceral involvement. Many species of bacteria have been implicated, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, but also Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus species.1 The lesions, whether cutaneous or visceral, have a characteristic histologic appearance consisting of a granulomatous response with granules likened to those seen in actinomycosis. Unlike the sulfur granules of actinomycosis, which contain branching filamentous organisms, the granules in botryomycosis, known as Bollinger granules, contain aggregates of cocci or rod-shaped bacteria in a colony-type formation. The granules are embedded in an eosinophilic matrix, which shows a unique radiating pattern known as the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. This phenomenon, although not pathognomonic for botryomycosis, is characteristic of chronic infectious processes.2 A case is described of botryomycosis of the cecum in a healthy adult man that was discovered during colonoscopy for polyp surveillance. The diagnosis of botryomycosis in this patient prompted a search for immunocompromise because many cases are described in patients with some level of immunodeficiency ranging from AIDS to diabetes mellitus.3
Instrument for the study of binocular vision.

The engineering details of a laboratory apparatus for the precise measurement of angles of vergence in binocular vision are presented, and problems of calibration and possible uses are discussed.
THE BIOELECTRICAL RESPONSE OF THE INSECT EYE TO BETA RADIATION

Abstract Beta-radiation can induce a bioelectric reaction in the compound eye of the insect. The electroretinogram is indistinguishable from that produced in response to a light stimulus. A difference exists between light and beta-radiation in the time course of the dark-adaptation process. It was demonstrated that the disparity depends upon the interaction of distal pigment with the light stimulus. An electroretinogram was elicited by a beta-radiation exposure dose of 0·25 mr at a radiation dose rate of 20 mr/sec.
Determination of the Effective Charge Density of pH-Responsive Keplerate Polyoxometalate Clusters by Means of Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

The effective (net) charge densities of the Keplerate {Mo72Fe30}, {Mo72V30}, and {W72Mo30} macroanions in dilute aqueous solution were determined from electrophoresis measurements, which provided direct, quantitative evidence of the counterion association behavior around macroions. The latter two clusters are strong electrolytes, and their charge densities show no clear pH dependence. The surface charge density of {Mo72Fe30} increased with increasing solution pH owing to the partial deprotonation of the weak acid {Mo72Fe30} macroions. A close connection between the surface charge density of {Mo72Fe30} and their assembled blackberry structure sizes was observed.
Interactions between edge lattice dislocations and Σ11 symmetrical tilt grain boundaries in copper: A quasi-continuum method study

Abstract “Positive” and “negative” interactions between specified numbers of piled-up lattice dislocations and + Σ 11 ( 3 ¯ 1 1 ¯ ) and - Σ 11 ( 1 ¯ 3 1 ) symmetrical tilt grain boundaries in two bi-grain models of copper have been studied using the quasi-continuum method. The mechanisms of both interactions in representative loading stages are analyzed in terms of the evolution of grain boundary (GB) configurations and Burgers vector conservation. A unified geometrical criterion is proposed to predict “hard” and “easy” dislocation transmission without explicitly defining the “positive” and “negative” dislocation/GB interactions. The pile-up of incoming dislocations has a remarkable influence on both “positive” and “negative” interactions, and can activate dislocation transmission at smaller external loadings. Critical stress analysis for relatively easier dislocation transmission in “negative” interactions reveals that they depend on the ratio of total shear stresses on the incoming and outgoing slip planes and the ratio of total normal and shear stresses on the outgoing slip plane. An analysis of the Burgers vectors of residuals produced from dislocation/GB interactions shows that GBs impeding dislocation motion have larger residual values.
Lubrication of a Porous Bearing—Stokes’ Solution

The problem of finding the pressure distribution and force resultants created by the rotation of an impermeable journal in a permeable bearing is of practical engineering importance. Many bearings of this type are used in the construction of machine elements. In this paper, we treat an idealized version of this problem with the aim of isolating the physical effects of the bearing flow.
Factors predicting the rate of functional progression in early and suspected glaucoma.

PURPOSE. Clinical trials in glaucoma have often sought to predict whether a patient will progress or remain stable. This study proposes to combine and support results from earlier studies, forming a model to predict the actual rate of functional change in glaucoma. METHODS. Data were taken from 259 eyes of 150 participants with early or suspected glaucoma in the ongoing Portland Progression Project. A total of 3854 study visits were available, each consisting of visual acuity, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO), and perimetry. The rate of functional change was calculated over each of 1541 series of six consecutive visits. Mixed effects models were formed to predict these rates using baseline perimetric measurements and CSLO parameters, together with IOP, age, and change in visual acuity through the series (to remove any confound from media changes). RESULTS. Cup volume from CSLO was predictive of subsequent rate of functional change (P ¼ 0.036), together with baseline mean deviation (P < 0.001) and pattern standard deviation (P ¼ 0.097), age (P ¼ 0.013), maximum IOP during the sequence (P ¼ 0.004), and change in acuity during the sequence (P ¼ 0.022). In a similar model, rim area was less predictive of functional change (P ¼ 0.066). CONCLUSIONS. A larger optic cup and/or a more damaged visual field are predictive of more rapid perimetric sensitivity loss. The structural parameters most closely correlated with current functional status may not be the parameters that are most useful for predicting the future course of a patient’s disease. Maximum IOP may be a more important risk factor than mean IOP over the same time period. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:3598‐3604) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-9065
Variation of Enhancement Factors and Relaxation Times at the Various Sites in Ordered Fe-Si Alloys

Pulsed NMR techniques have been used to measure the enhancement factors and longitudinal and transverse relaxation times in ordered Fe-Si alloys. The maximum enhancement factors of the alloys are large, becoming in some cases as large as seven times that in pure Fe. Both the behavior of the enhancement factors and relaxation times are well described by the drumhead model of domain walls. Using this model an expression is derived for the enhancement factor. Whereas in pure Fe the damping due to eddy currents appears to determine the behavior of the enhancement factor, for these alloys the terms due to damping and stiffness of the wall appear to be of comparable importance. For the alloy series, the maximum enhancement factor is seen to vary in much the same manner as the initial permeability. The relaxation rates for these alloys are usually slightly larger than those of pure Fe. Thus the relaxation mechanism appears to be via emission or absorption of a single magnon. For a given alloy the relaxation time from site to site may vary as much as a factor of 3 to 4. This may reflect resonance or virtual magnon levels in the spin-wave spectrum.
Bounds on the size of the likelihood ratio test of independence in a contingency table

Abstract Bounds are obtained on the limiting size of the nominal level-α likelihood ratio test of independence in a r × c contingency table. The situations considered include sampling with both marginal totals random and with one margin fixed. Upper and lower bounds are obtained. The limiting size is greater than α when some marginal probabilities are small. As the degrees of freedom increase, the limiting size tends to 1 for all α-values.
A plasmid mediating production of a beta-lactamase by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia☆

Abstract To delineate the mechanisms that contribute to the high level of antimicrobial resistance often demonstrated by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , DNA was purified from five clinical isolates and analyzed for the presence of plasmid DNA. Purified plasmid DNA from a single isolate contained a 6.5-kb plasmid, designated pXM222, and a 5.6-kb plasmid, designated pTHB. Transformation of pTHB into Escherichia coli K-12 HB101 resulted in the expression of resistance to the penicillins and to cefazolin.
The impact of borderline personality disorder on residential substance abuse treatment dropout among men.

Abstract Background Research is increasingly focusing on identifying factors distinguishing patients who complete vs. dropout of residential substance abuse treatment. One potentially relevant factor that has received relatively little attention is borderline personality disorder (BPD). Methods This study sought to examine the effect of BPD on residential substance abuse treatment dropout within a sample of 159 male patients with substance use disorders—a population often understudied with regard to BPD and at high-risk for treatment dropout. Patients were administered a structured diagnostic interview to establish BPD diagnoses. Patients were then followed throughout the course of residential substance abuse treatment to identify those who completed treatment and those who prematurely dropped out of treatment. Results Patients with BPD were significantly more likely to prematurely dropout of treatment, and this finding remained even when taking into account relevant covariates (i.e., court-ordered treatment status, contract duration, and major depressive disorder). Further, patients with BPD were more likely to experience center-initiated dropout as opposed to voluntary withdrawal from treatment. Conclusions These findings add to the literature on BPD–SUD co-occurrence, suggesting that the presence of co-occurring BPD among male SUD patients may increase the risk for dropout from residential substance abuse treatment, necessitating targeted interventions focused on decreasing dropout within this patient subgroup.
Fungal Infections Associated with Contaminated Methylprednisolone Injections

Recently, an outbreak of serious fungal infections, including meningitis, associated with contaminated methylprednisolone medication was identified. In this review, experts discuss key issues associated with the care of affected patients.
Properties that characterize classes of nilpotent groups

Obviously we have not covered aU possible ascendant and descendant nilpotent properties. Using (1.1), (1.2), or other methods, and Lemma 1.2 it is possible to provide many more such properties. For exampleCq∼(Cpm×Cpm) is a metabelian group having infinitely many non-isomorphic Sylow-p-subgroups [6]. Thus, having one isomorphism class of Sylow-p-subgroups is a descendant nilpotent property.
Template directed reactions of 2-aminoadenylic acid derivatives

The template-directed oligomerization of activated derivatives of 2-aminoadenylic acid (paA) on polyuridylic acid (poly(U)) in aqueous buffers was studied. The reaction differs from that of adenylic acid (pA) under identical conditions, in that only di- and tri-nucleotides are observed as substantial products rather than a longer sequence of oligomers. The reaction of paA also differs from that of pA in that it does not require Mg (2+), and is less susceptible to increased temperature. The relevance of these observations to the chemical evolution of polynucleotide replication is discussed. Improved syntheses of paA and its diphosphate are reported.
Aquatic photochemistry of nitrofuran antibiotics.

The aquatic photochemical degradation of a class of pharmaceuticals known as the nitrofuran antibiotics (furaltadone, furazolidone, and nitrofurantoin) was investigated. Direct photolysis is the dominant photodegradation pathway for these compounds with the formation of a photostationary state between the syn and the anti isomers occurring during the first minutes of photolysis. The direct photolysis rate constant and quantum yield were calculated for each of the three nitrofurans. Reaction rate constants with reactive oxygen species (ROS), 1O2 and •OH, were also measured, and half-lives were calculated using environmentally relevant ROS concentrations. Half-lives calculated for reaction with 1O2 and •OH are in the ranges of 120−1900 and 74−82 h, respectively. When compared to the direct photolysis half-lives, 0.080−0.44 h in mid-summer at 45° N latitude, it is clear that indirect photochemical processes cannot compete with direct photolysis. The major photodegradation product of the nitrofurans was found...
Passage-Averaged Description of Wave Rotor Flow.

Abstract : The unsteady flow within wave rotor passages is influenced by the rotor blade, hub, and tip shroud surface profiles. By averaging from hub to shroud and from blade to blade, a reduced set of the governing equations is obtained that is appropriate for design studies and parametric analyses. The application of these equations requires closure models for force integrals and for correlation terms that arise when the density averages of products of the flow field variables are expanded in terms of products of the density-averaged variables. The force integrals and the correlation terms depend on the instantaneous pitchwise and spanwise flow field distributions established by unsteadiness relative to the rotor, flow turning induced by blade, hub, and tip-shroud profiling, and rotation. Two approaches to model the force integrals are described. The influence of relative unsteadiness and flow turning on the correlation terms is discussed by considering the propagation of gas dynamic waves in rotor passages defined by uncambered, staggered blades and by unstaggered, cambered blades.
Characterization and modeling of a martensitic transformation in a platinum modified diffusion aluminide bond coat for thermal barrier coatings

Phase transformations in a platinum modified nickel aluminide bond coat were investigated by in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. Three phases, L10 martensite, B2 (β-(Ni,Pt)Al) and L12 (γ′-Ni3Al), were identified at different temperature ranges. The martensite is stable at temperatures below 620 °C, and the β-phase is stable at elevated temperatures. The reversible transformation, M↔β, is the principal reaction occurring throughout the bond coat layer during thermal cycling. Quantitative measurements indicate that the molar volume of the β-phase is approximately 2% larger than that of the martensite. Finite element simulations incorporating the volume change associated with this transformation indicate that the transformation significantly influences the distribution of stresses and strains in TBC systems. The effect of the martensite on TBC life is sensitive to the transformation temperatures relative to the creep strength of the bond coat.
Stereochemistry and the use of H2/D2 mixtures as probes into the mechanism of hydrogenations catalyzed by cationic rhodium (DIPHOS) complexes

The stereochemistry of the hydrogenation of 4-tert-butylmethylenecyclohexane (1) and the use of D2 or D2/H2 mixtures in place of H2 furnishes evidence that hydrogenations using the catalyst precursor [Rh(DIPHOS)(COD)]+BF 4 − proceed via more than one mechanism. This evidence includes the effect of changes in pressure and added triethylamine upon the kinetics and isomerization of 1, as well as the distribution of the added deuterium in the products of the reaction of 1 or norbornene with either D2 or H2/D2 mixtures. That an alkene necessarily causes the equilibration of H2/D2 mixtures, although it need not involve any of the alkenes’s hydrogen atoms (e.g., norbornene), provides a clue to the process by which the mononuclear mechanism proposed by Halpern, which is dominant near one atmosphere of H2, merges into another with increasing pressure. It has been proposed that the cationic complex [Rh(DIPHOS)S2]+ is transformed in the presence of an alkene and hydrogen into a binuclear hydrido complex, such as those described by Sivak and Muetterties (1979) and Fryzuk (1982), which represent a far more active catalyst than its mononuclear precursor. Such an intermediate should readily catalyze the H2-D2 equilibration and the isomerization of an alkene in the presence of D2 without necessarily introducing deuterium into the product.
Mathematical theory of the possible role of intercellular fluid and of vascularization on physiological periodicities.

In continuation of previous work (Rashevsky,Some Medical Aspects of Mathematical Biology, Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1964, Chap. 23 and Appendix 14), the study of the effects of the physical parameters of the cells of endocrine glands on the onset of sustained periodical oscillations in the interaction between the anterior pituitary and the thyroid hormones is generalized to include the possible effect of the intercellular fluid and of the degree of vascularization. Some conclusions of the previous study remain valid although some modifications must be made. A decreased relative volume of the intercellular fluid and an increased vascularization favor the conditions for sustained oscillations. The permeability of the cells and the permeability of the capillaries appear explicitly in the expressions which show the conditions for sustained periodicities.
Transfection of Human Mesothelial Cells Mediated by Different Asbestos Fiber Types

Several different asbestos fiber types mediate transfection of human mesothelial cells by exogenous DNA. We have employed the human MeT-5A mesothelial cell line, which allows the use of DNA replication as an assay for entry of DNA when plasmids bearing the SV40 origin of replication are used for transfection. We find that Canadian chrysotile, Calidria chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite are each capable of introducing plasmid pSVod DNA into MeT-5A cells followed by subsequent replication of a fraction of the plasmid DNA. A significant fraction of the input plasmid DNA associated with the cells in the presence of asbestos is fragmented, and this fragmentation is particularly evident with crocidolite. Each of the fiber types is highly cytotoxic for the MeT-5A cells, and these cells actively accumulate the added fibers from the surrounding environment as visualized by phase-contrast microscopy. MeT-5A cells were transfected at higher efficiency with calcium phosphate than were several other primate cell lines. Calcium phosphate, however, did not induce fragmentation of the input plasmid DNA. Compared with several different mineral agents, including glass fibers, kaolin, and talc, Calidria chrysotile fibers were most effective at mediating transfection of the MeT-5A cells. Results provide a mechanism by which transfection can contribute to mutagenicity of asbestos fibers and indicate that this mechanism can operate in human mesothelial cells.
Glucocorticoids interact with noradrenergic activation at encoding to enhance long-term memory for emotional material in women

Abstract Evidence from the animal literature suggests that post-training glucocorticoids (GCs) interact with noradrenergic activation at acquisition to enhance memory consolidation for emotional stimuli. While there is evidence that GCs enhance memory for emotional material in humans, the extent to which this depends on noradrenergic activation at encoding has not been explored. In this study, 20-mg hydrocortisone was administered to healthy young women (18–35 yrs old) in a double-blind fashion 10 min prior to viewing a series of emotional and neutral images. Saliva samples were taken at baseline, 10 min after drug or placebo administration, immediately after viewing the images, 10, 20, and 30 min after viewing the images. Participants returned 1 week later for a surprise recall test. Results suggest that, hydrocortisone administration resulted in emotional memory enhancement only in participants who displayed an increase in endogenous noradrenergic activation, measured via salivary alpha-amylase at encoding. These results support findings in the animal literature, and suggest that GC-induced memory enhancement relies on noradrenergic activation at encoding in women.
Social dominance in romantic relationships: A prospective longitudinal study of non-verbal processes

The study of social dominance has a long tradition within the peer relationships literature, but rarely has the topic been investigated observationally and longitudinally within other salient close relationships. The present study investigated the role of experiences in social relationships and adjustment indices in childhood in predicting later observed non-verbal social dominance behaviors in the context of romantic relationships in emerging adults. Analyses from a subsample (N = 70) from a 29-year prospective longitudinal study revealed links between early peer behavior and subsequent romantic relationship interactions for men and women. Non-verbal social dominance behaviors were concurrently associated with poor romantic relationship quality, conflict, and physical and verbal aggression within the dyad. Both childhood externalizing and internalizing behaviors significantly predicted non-verbal social dominance behaviors in the romantic partner interactions.
Intraoperative and postoperative morbidity associated with cystoscopy performed in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of cystoscopy during major gynecologic surgery and to describe an interesting and rare complication that was encountered. STUDY DESIGN: This was an observational descriptive study. A retrospective review was performed. Data collected included intraoperative lower urinary tract injuries, injuries that were related directly to cystoscopy, and postoperative morbidity. RESULTS: One hundred one cases were evaluated. Eight lower urinary tract injuries were noted, 4 of which were detected at cystoscopy and 3 of which (2.97%) were detected intraoperatively before cystoscopy. There was one complication that was linked directly to cystoscopy. There were nine postoperative urinary tract infections. Total cost per case excluding anesthesia time was $54.42. CONCLUSION: Liberal use of cystoscopy in gynecologic surgery is recommended. The procedure is safe, easily learned, and inexpensive to perform.
Diagonalization, rank calculation and generalized inverses of rational matrices

Procedures for the diagonalization, rank calculation and computation of generalized inverses of singular matrices are developed and analyzed. The primary concern is with para-Hermitian matrices, with rational, multivariate entries, which may also be highly dimensional and highly singular. The speed and accuracy of the proposed procedures are examined in some detail and compared with those of other methods.
PROPERTIES OF POLLOCK (THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA) SKIN HYDROLYSATES AND EFFECTS ON LIPID OXIDATION OF SKINLESS PINK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA) FILLETS DURING 4 MONTHS OF FROZEN STORAGE

ABSTRACT Fresh pollock skin was hydrolyzed for 10 min (PPH10), 30 min (PPH30) and 45 min (PPH45), and the chemical and functional properties of pollock skin protein hydrolysates were evaluated. PPH45 (79.6%) had significantly higher nitrogen solubility values than PPH30 (72.6%) and PPH10 (64.8%). Emulsifying stability values for PPH10 and PPH30 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than PPH45. Fat adsorption values for PPH45 (4.7 mL oil/g protein) were greater (P < 0.05) than PPH10 (3.6 mL oil/g protein) and PPH30 (3.7 mL oil/g protein). Salmon fillets stored frozen for 4 months including those glazed with pollock skin protein hydrolysate, water and glycerin solutions had increased yield and thaw yield values when compared to the nonglazed (NG) control fillets. Thiobarbituric acid (mg malondialdehyde/kg sample) values from fillets coated with a solution containing PPH10 (0.8) and stored frozen for 4 months were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than other glazed and NG fillets. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Pollock skin is an abundant and underutilized resource that can be used as a unique protein source to make fish protein hydrolysates. Utilizing proteolytic enzymes, pollock skin protein hydrolysates (PPHs) can be prepared that have new and/or improved chemical and functional properties. The natural antioxidant and water-soluble properties and film-forming ability of PPHs make it ideal for coating material to suppress lipid oxidation in fish fillets during frozen storage. Edible coatings prepared from pollock skin hydrolysates have potential applications for enhancing the storage stability and quality of frozen fillets. The edible hydrolysate coating may also provide some degree of protection against damage during transportation and handling of fish fillets.
X-ray generation from gas-puff jets irradiated by UNR Leopard laser

The development of efficient x-ray probes with photon energies 1–20 keV became important for high-energy density physics (HEDP) research at larger scale facilities such as OMEGA and NIF. The goal of our studies is better understanding of the mechanisms of the laser energy to x-ray conversion efficiency (both thermal and non-thermal) and the directionality of x-rays. Experiments were performed at the UNR Leopard laser operated with 350 fs or 0.8 ns pulses. The supersonic linear nozzle (generated Ar clusters/monomer mixture with density up to 2 × 1019 cm−3) was compared to the cylindrical tube sub-sonic nozzle. The linear (elongated) cluster/gas jet is more uniform than the cylindrical one in experiments with the laser beam orthogonal to the jet axis. Additionally, the elongated jet provides capability to study laser beam self-focusing (when laser beam propagates along a jet plane) and plasma channel formation that are interconnecting with efficient x-ray generation. The laser radiation flux density in the focal spot was up to 2 × 1019 W/cm2 (fs pulse). Diagnostics included x-ray diodes, pinhole cameras and spectrometers. Signatures of x-ray emission from linear and tube nozzles were found to be very different. It was observed that emission in the 1–55 keV region was strongly anisotropic depending on the direction of laser beam polarization for fs laser pulse and supersonic linear nozzle. Energy radiated in the 1–3 keV region by a linear nozzle was an order of magnitude higher than from a tube nozzle. Non-LTE models have been implemented to analyze the spectroscopic data. It was shown that plasma from the linear nozzle was by an order of magnitude hotter than one from the tube nozzle. Evidence of electron beam generation in jets' plasma was found. Observed effects are explained by presence of Ar clusters in the jet from the linear nozzle. Future research will focus on study of cluster formation in different linear nozzles with Ar and mixture of Ar/Kr jets with varying of its parameters for optimization x-ray yield and power.
A Mechanochemical Model of Growth Termination in Vertical Carbon Nanotube Forests

Understanding the mechanisms by which vertical arrays of carbon nanotube (CNT) forests terminate their growth may lead to the production of aligned materials of infinite length. We confirm through calculation of the Thiele modulus that several prominent systems reported in the literature to date are not stunted by diffusion limitations. Evidence also suggests that, for many systems, the growth-termination mechanism is spatially correlated among nanotubes, making spontaneous, random catalytic poisoning unlikely as a dominant mechanism. We propose that a mechanical coupling of the top surface of the film creates an energetic barrier to the relative displacement between neighboring nanotubes. A Monte Carlo simulation based on this premise is able to qualitatively reproduce characteristic deflections of the top surface of single- and doubled-walled CNT (SWNT and DWNT) films near the edges and corners. The analysis asserts that the coupling is limited by the enthalpy of the carbon-forming reaction. We show tha...
Comparing Effects of “My Anti-Drug” and “Above the Influence” On Campaign Evaluations and Marijuana-Related Perceptions

Two national campaigns—My Anti-Drug and Above the Influence—have been implemented to prevent youth substance use. Although Above the Influence was conceptualized as a major shift in messaging from My Anti-Drug, no studies have reported head-to-head tests of message effects on behavior-relevant outcomes. An experiment was conducted in which participants viewed ads from one of the campaigns and answered questions about ad appeal and emotional tone; campaign appeal; and marijuana-related beliefs. Compared to My Anti-Drug ads, Above the Influence ads were associated with more positive emotional tone and with lower perceptions of marijuana risk. Implications for message design and evaluation are discussed.