cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A statistical model of thermodynamic mixing properties of Ca-Mg-Fe2* garnets

At present the most widely used models of thermodynamic mixing properties of garnet are those that are optimized to fit the experimental phase-equilibrium data along various binary garnet joins using the method of mathematical programming. We conducted a thorough weighted regression analysis of the available volumetric, calorimetric, and phaseequilibrium data. This resulted in a much improved set of a-X relationships with the following Margules parameters (in joules, kelvins, bars). W;?eMg = -24166 + 22.09T 0.034P, W~gFe = 22265 - 12.40T + 0.050P, W;?eca = 17526 - 14.51T + 0.135P, wgaFe= -18113 + 15.51T+ 0.040P, W~gCa = 14306 - 2.49T+ 0.140P, wgaMg = 65182 - 20.82T + 0.068P (all pfu containing 12 a atoms). The robust regression analyses allowed us to obtain the uncertainties associated with each of the parameters, quantities not available by mathematical programming analysis of phase-equilibrium data. Uncertainty estimates are essential for rigorous quantification of errors associated with mineralogic thermobarometers. From the probabilistic model developed here, we present detailed formulations for ascertaining errors of activity coefficients of the end-member components in any garnet solid solution. This provides an opportunity to evaluate the uncertainties in mineralogic thermobarometers involving garnets of compositions dissimilar to those used in the experiments on which the garnet mixing models are based. The results of this study elicit several significant points. The analysis strongly suggests that there is an excess entropy of mixing along the Fe-Mg join because Fe-Mg mixing in garnet is substantially nonideal. The excess entropy of mixing along the Ca-Mg and Ca-Fe joins is asymmetric and therefore assumption of a large symmetric entropy parameter or no entropy along these joins is an oversimplification. Large uncertainty in the mixing properties exists for Ca-rich garnets. There should be a Ca-Mg-Fe ternary interaction parameter (7110 llmol).
Observing Fcεri Signaling from the Inside of the Mast Cell Membrane

We have determined the membrane topography of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FceRI, and its associated tyrosine kinases, Lyn and Syk, by immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of membrane sheets prepared from RBL-2H3 mast cells. The method of Sanan and Anderson (Sanan, D.A., and R.G.W. Anderson. 1991. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39:1017–1024) was modified to generate membrane sheets from the dorsal surface of RBL-2H3 cells. Signaling molecules were localized on the cytoplasmic face of these native membranes by immunogold labeling and high-resolution TEM analysis. In unstimulated cells, the majority of gold particles marking both FceRI and Lyn are distributed as small clusters (2–9 gold particles) that do not associate with clathrin-coated membrane. Approximately 25% of FceRI clusters contain Lyn. In contrast, there is essentially no FceRI-Syk colocalization in resting cells. 2 min after FceRI cross-linking, ∼10% of Lyn colocalizes with small and medium-sized FceRI clusters (up to 20 gold particles), whereas ∼16% of Lyn is found in distinctive strings and clusters at the periphery of large receptor clusters (20–100 gold particles) that form on characteristically osmiophilic membrane patches. While Lyn is excluded, Syk is dramatically recruited into these larger aggregates. The clathrin-coated pits that internalize cross-linked receptors bud from membrane adjacent to the Syk-containing receptor complexes. The sequential association of FceRI with Lyn, Syk, and coated pits in topographically distinct membrane domains implicates membrane segregation in the regulation of FceRI signaling.
Counseling Psychologists' Training to Deal with their Sexual Feelings in Therapy

Research examining therapists' sexual feelings toward their clients is limited, and there is minimal information on graduate training regarding how to cope with such feelings when they arise. We examined the training practices of counseling psychology programs, with regard to preparing students to deal with sexual feelings toward clients. We also examined the perceived adequacy of this training by practicing graduates of these programs. Results show that although most programs report addressing this issue (generally in practicum), only about half the practicing graduates of these programs report receiving such training; and of those, only 60% report it as adequate. Implications for training are discussed.
Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Ameliorates Disease Due to Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Germfree Mice

Strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a group of Shiga toxin-producing food-borne pathogens that cause severe hemorrhagic colitis and can lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening condition that principally affects children and for which there is no effective treatment. We used a germfree mouse model of renal and enteric disease due to EHEC to determine if probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 is effective in suppressing disease symptoms caused by EHEC. When germfree Swiss Webster mice are monocolonized with EHEC, they develop disease characterized by weight loss, cecal luminal fluid accumulation, and renal tubular necrosis. When L. reuteri was administered 1 day prior to EHEC challenge and every other day thereafter, EHEC colonization was suppressed and mice were significantly protected from the manifestations of disease. Protection from disease did not require the induction of the antimicrobial compound reuterin in L. reuteri prior to treatment. The twice-daily administration of L. reuteri appeared more effective than every-other-day administration. These data indicated that L. reuteri partially protects mice from disease manifestations of EHEC.
A Comparative Study of Data Sampling and Cost Sensitive Learning

Two common challenges data mining and machine learning practitioners face in many application domains are unequal classification costs and class imbalance. Most traditional data mining techniques attempt to maximize overall accuracy rather than minimize cost. When data is imbalanced, such techniques result in models that highly favor the over represented class, the class which typically carries a lower cost of misclassification. Two techniques that have been used to address both of these issues are cost sensitive learning and data sampling. In this work, we investigate the performance of two cost sensitive learning techniques and four data sampling techniques for minimizing classification costs when data is imbalanced. We present a comprehensive suite of experiments, utilizing 15 datasets with 10 cost ratios, which have been carefully designed to ensure conclusive, significant and reliable results.
Photodissociation, Recombination, and Electron Transfer in Cluster Ions: A Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Study of I2- (CO2)n

We simulate and interpret the photodissociation and recombination of I2- embedded in CO2 clusters using a Hamiltonian that accounts for the strong perturbation of the solute electronic structure by the solvent. The calculated product distributions agree well with the experimental results of Lineberger and co-workers. Excited-state dynamics are more involved than anticipated from the isolated solute potential curves. For example, dissociation does not occur from the A‘ state, and permanent recombination occurs only on the X state, despite the fact that the A state of I2- is weakly bound. We discuss the role of the cluster environment in bringing about recombination and electronic relaxation in terms of a qualitative model inspired by the theory of electron transfer in solution.
Infrared imaging and backside failure analysis techniques on multilayer CMOS technology

Infrared (IR) laser scanning microscopy (LSM) techniques have been characterized and developed to provide better root cause backside failure analysis (BFA) on products fabricated on multilayer CMOS technology. Spectral transmission studies, backside substrate thinning techniques, and examples of backside IR LSM fault isolation techniques applied on high performance microprocessors will be presented in this paper.
A Theory of Professionalization in Politics

Professionalization, in customary usage, refers to the assimilation of the standards and values prevalent in a given profession. Every profession, including politics, tends to have some set or sets of values that are widely held and which define what it means to be a “professional” within that field. These values are important because they affect the likelihood that the individual will achieve success in his profession. If the values are widely held, those that deviate from them are likely to be sanctioned by their colleagues, and people who fail to maintain the minimal standards of their profession are not likely to obtain professional advancement. Those who do behave according to the dominant values of their profession, however, are likely to be accorded the status of “professional” in the eyes of their colleagues, and that designation will contribute to the success of their careers. In the profession of politics, as in other professions, there is seldom one set of standards and values that prevails in all places at all times. These normative elements are likely to vary from political system to political system, to vary within a political system, and to vary within the profession of politics over time. In a highly centralized local political organization, for example, the achievement and maintenance of a position is likely to depend upon such values as deference and loyalty to the leaders of the political hierarchy.
Browning of Foods by Microorganisms (I)

Browning of fish jelly products, “Kamaboko”, “Chikuwa”, and “Agekamaboko”, was studied from microbiological points of view. Four strains of about 100 bacteria isolated from browned fish jelly products changed “Kamaboko” to brown to black. These bacteria were identified as a new species, Achromobacter brunificans. By an inoculation of Ach. brunificans on “Kamaboko”, brown dots appeared on the surface and extended to the interior part. Its peculiar elasticity and pH reduced with browning. Bacterial tyrosinase may not play a role for browning because Ach. brunificans does not show its activity. However, it seems likely that glucose is important for this phenomenon since browning has been found only on the fish jelly products containing glucose.
Comparison of CVA imaging with 99mTc phosphates, 99mTc pertechnetate, and computed tomography.

A retrospective study was made of 111 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) and nuclear brain scans, with both pertechnetate and phosphate bone agents (PHOS), within 7 days of each other. Specifically, 78 patients who had a recent cerebral vascular accident (CVA) were compared. There were no significant sensitivity differences between the methods. While these studies appear complementary, the most important criterion is the time after onset when the studies were performed. The axiom “if the intensity of the phosphate scan exceeds that of the pertechnetate, the lesion must be a CVA” is true, only if the study is performed within 4 weeks of onset. The most economical method for optimum detection of CVA, with avoidance of frequent errors, is an early CT followed by a PHOS brain scan about 14 days after ictus in those that have an initial negative CT.
Mycobacterium avium complex infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

ORGANISMS of the Mycobacterium avium complex have long been recognized as an uncommon cause of pneumonia in persons with chronic lung disease.1 2 3 4 Organisms of this complex, which comprises two closely related species, M. avium and M. intracellulare, appear to have little virulence in the normal host. Before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, disseminated infection with M. avium complex was extremely rare; by 1980, only 24 cases had been reported in the medical literature.5 Beginning in 1982, however, when the infection was recognized in patients with AIDS, the number of cases increased dramatically. At first, the minimal inflammatory response . . .
Evaluation of the longitudinal restraint, uplift resistance, and long-term performance of high-density polyethylene crosstie rail support system using static and cyclic loading:

Rail track longevity is a primary concern for the railroad industry in the US. Therefore, it is important to study the rail support system in detail. This includes understanding the interactions be...
The Investigtion of Half-bridge Three-level ZVS PWM DC/DC Converter

A half-bridge three-level ZVS PWM DC/DC converter is introduced,the small-signal model is deduced accord-ing the small-signal model of Buck and the operation principle of the converter.After designing the correcting transfer function,the control method of variable duty is proposed which bases on digital control.ZVS of the lagging-leg is achieved,the voltage spike is suppressed and the efficiency is enhanced with low load.Finally,production on a prototype of 5.8 kW confirms that the design satisfies the performance and indicator requests.
Comparison of the hypnotic activity of triazolam, flurazepam hydrochloride, and placebo.

Triazolam, 0.4 and 0.8 mg, flurazepam, 15 and 30 mg, and placebo were compared in a double-blind, randomized 5-night crossover study in 25 inpatient insomniacs. These patients all complained oF difficulty falling asleep; all said they usually slept less than 5 hr a night and woke up too early in the morning. Results of the patients’ global evaluation of the medications shows that all of the treatments were rated significantly higher than placebo, with the exception of triazolam, 0.4 mg, which was not significantly different from flurazepam, 15 or 30 mg, or from placebo. In subjective evaluation of sleep onset, only triazolam, 0.4 and 0.8 mg, was rated faster than placebo, while in the objective evaluation of sleep onset only triazolam, 0.8 mg, was rated faster than placebo. All 4 active medications increased duration of sleep. Triazolam, 0.8 mg, and flurazepam, 30 mg, were rated as providing deeper sleep than placebo while all treatments except flurazepam, 15 mg, decreased the number of awakenings below that on placebo. A significant dose-response curve was obtained with triazolam and flurazepam for some of the parameters. Very few adverse effects were reported. One patient reported feeling groggy and drowsy on 0.4 mg triazolam while 2 reported nightmares on placebo.
Development and characterization of monolithic multilayer Laue lens nanofocusing optics

We have developed an experimental approach to bond two independent linear Multilayer Laue Lenses (MLLs) together. A monolithic MLL structure was characterized using ptychography at 12 keV photon energy, and we demonstrated 12 nm and 24 nm focusing in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Fabrication of 2D MLL optics allows installation of these focusing elements in more conventional microscopes suitable for x-ray imaging using zone plates, and opens easier access to 2D imaging with high spatial resolution in the hard x-ray regime.
A Data Mining and Visual Analytics Perspective on Sustainability-Oriented Infrastructure Planning

The research presented in this paper focuses on developing a multi-scale, integrated environment that supports situational awareness, optimization, as well as forecasting and virtual experimentation at the campus level. One of the key features of this research is its ability to extend beyond the common data-driven load-forecasting exercise and integrate System-of-Systems (SoS) level predictive capabilities to enable the aforementioned functionalities. FORESIGHT, an interactive campus data browser designed to handle any visual analytics tasks on real-time data streams is presented.
Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics and Dysfunction in Portal Hypertension

The concept that chronic liver disease and portal hypertension are accompanied by widespread alterations in vascular tone that have important clinical consequences has developed over the last 50 yr and relevant mechanisms for systemic vascular changes are outlined in Chapter 5. However, it has been only over the last 15 yr that specific cardiopulmonary abnormalities associated with the presence of liver disease and portal hypertension have been widely appreciated and submitted to investigation. These abnormalities include cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and two distinct alterations in the pulmonary vasculature: the hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) characterized by microvascular dilatation and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) characterized by vasoconstriction and remodeling. These entities may share pathogenetic mechanisms with systemic vascular alterations and with each other, although each has unique features. Here, we will address our current understanding of the pathogenesis of these cardiopulmonary complications of portal hypertension.
A Method for Tribotesting of the Native Articular Surface of Retrieved Tibial Inserts

In vivo oxidative degradation in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has gained significant attention in recent years, especially with the discovery of unanticipated oxidation in retrieved highly cross-linked bearings. While significant attention has been paid to mechanical property changes caused by oxidation, there has been little focus on understanding how wear rates are affected by these in vivo changes. Recent work has demonstrated the possibility of machining wear pins from retrieved UHMWPE bearings, but leveling of the pins removed the in vivo articular surface.[1] The goal of this study is to determine whether wear pins can be produced utilizing the native articular surface. Three materials were used for this study: a short-duration retrieved mobile-bearing conforming tibial insert with minimal oxidation (non-oxidized); a shelf-aged, oxidized, non-conforming fixed bearing tibial insert (oxidized); and standard NIST 1050 bar stock (NIST). Utilizing both conforming and non-conforming devices tests the technique over a range of articular curvatures, while testing a highly oxidized material tests the feasibility of maintaining the native surface when machining wear pins with compromised mechanical properties. FTIR analysis was performed at the articular surface of the devices near where the pins were taken, using ketone peak height as an indicator of oxidation. Wear rates were determined using a six station AMTI OrthoPod with an applied load of 100 N in multidirectional motion for a total of 2 million cycles. The oxidized material had a surface ketone level of 0.26, the non-oxidized device had a ketone level of 0.05, and the NIST sample had a ketone level less than 0.01. Two pins of each material were machined to ¼″ diameter with a length of the through thickness of the tibial inserts; soak controls were also produced. Figure 1 shows mass loss data for all six pins tested. Wear rates between the two pins of each group were fairly repeatable, and the wear rates of the different groups could be easily differentiated. The pins machined from NIST bar stock showed the best match-up, but pins machined from retrieved devices also showed good repeatability, with the non-conforming device showing better results than the conforming device. The ability to produce repeatable wear results with pins machined from in vivo devices is an important step in understanding how the wear rate changes over time in vivo . By maintaining the native articular surface, this test will give a more true representation of the in-vivo wear rate. This method will enable future investigations into how wear rates are affected by oxidation, absorbed chemical species, or other changes that occur in vivo .
Street Power: Friday Prayers, Islamist Protests, and Islamization in Pakistan

This article addresses Pakistani Islamists' street power — their ability to organize rallies, protests, and demonstrations. Building on research on religion and collective action, I first demonstrate how Friday prayers aid Islamist mobilization. Mosques on Friday serve as a filtering and coordination tool, as tactical “choke” points in urban neighborhoods, and as incitement through the imam's sermon. I then show how Islamist street power affects Islamization in Pakistan. I argue that Pakistan's foundational religious nationalism acts as an “opportunity structure,” and affords Islamists agenda-setting and veto power. The success of Islamist agitation depends on the issue contested, the type of regime targeted, and the era in which it is practiced. I use interviews, participant observation at Islamist rallies, an original dataset of all rallies and protests in Pakistan from 2005 to 2010 (n = 4123); and government and local newspaper reports from the 1940s onward to buttress my claims.
Alternatives assessment: new ideas, frameworks and policies

Scientific, policy and consumer concerns regarding the health and environmental impacts of toxic substances have resulted in increased pressures to restrict potentially hazardous chemicals in processes and products.1 However, selecting chemical alternatives without regard to their hazard profiles can have regrettable consequences when substitutes are as toxic or are even more toxic than the chemicals they replace. Examples of regrettable substitutions include flame retardants (eg, substituting tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate for polybrominated diphenyl ether), solvents (eg, substituting n-propyl bromide for methylene chloride and trichloroethylene (TCE)) and replacements for endocrine disrupting plastics components (eg, substituting bisphenol-S for bisphenol-A).2 These mistakes occur, in part, because performance and cost are elevated over health and safety in chemical selection decisions. They also occur because the environmental health community has been slow to provide strategies and guidelines for identifying, evaluating and adopting alternatives that include a thoughtful examination of environmental health and safety alongside cost and performance considerations. When public health scientists identify problematic chemicals, scientific justification for substituting that chemical based on identifying a safer alternative is rarely pursued. In a previous JECH commentary, we noted the challenges related to an over-reliance on studying environmental problems versus solutions in environmental health science, using the example of bisphenol-A.3 We argued that the ‘problem-centred’ approach to chemicals management is often reactive, extremely resource intensive, fosters extended debates over regulatory benchmarks, and inaction that benefits neither health nor innovation. This reactive approach is fortified by a number of factors including policies that require significant evidence of risk before action can be taken, which then focuses research and agency resources on risk assessment, risk management and enforcement; the lack of interdisciplinary collaboration between those designing molecules, materials, and products and those evaluating their risks; and the fact that many chemicals of concern have important functionality and cost …
Localization of weak objects in reverberant fields using waveform inversion

This paper presents an application of the Waveform inversion approach to localization of objects in reverberant fields and with limited spatial measurements. Reverberant fields in enclosures can potentially carry useful information, however, in an incoherent way. Incoherency comes from the consecutive reflections of the wave energy several times in the domain. This, along with diffraction and dispersion effects, can ultimately lead to mixing of the wave energy in a seemingly random way. However, spreading of the wave energy can lead to multiple interrogations of each point in the enclosure. Hence, any substructural changes in the enclosure can be sensed with sufficient information carried by the wave energy flow. Furthermore, the temporal information buried in the data makes it feasible to conduct only a few spatial measurements. The authors present a localization scheme that benefits from the reverberant field and can reduce the required number of spatial measurements.
Influence of substrate moisture state and roughness on interface microstructure and bond strength: Slant shear vs. pull-off testing

Abstract There are conflicting views in the literature concerning the optimum moisture state for an existing substrate prior to the application of a repair material. Both saturated-surface-dry (SSD) and dry substrates have been found to be preferable in a variety of studies. One confounding factor is that some studies evaluate bonding of the repair material to the substrate via pull-off (direct tension) testing, while others have employed some form of shear specimens as their preferred testing configuration. Available evidence suggests that dry substrate specimens usually perform equivalently or better in shear testing, while SSD ones generally exhibit higher bond strengths when a pull-off test is performed, although exceptions to these trends have been observed. This paper applies a variety of microstructural characterization tools to investigate the interfacial microstructure that develops when a fresh repair material is applied to either a dry or SSD substrate. Simultaneous neutron and X-ray radiography are employed to observe the dynamic microstructural rearrangements that occur at this interface during the first 4 h of curing. Based on the differences in water movement and densification (particle compaction) that occur for the dry and SSD specimens, respectively, a hypothesis is formulated as to why different bond tests may favor one moisture state over the other, also dependent on their surface roughness. It is suggested that the compaction of particles at a dry substrate surface may increase the frictional resistance when tested under slant shear loading, but contribute relatively little to the bonding when the interface is submitted to pull-off forces. For maximizing bond performance, the fluidity of the repair material and the roughness and moisture state of the substrate must all be given adequate consideration.
Statistics Using Stata: An Integrative Approach

Building upon the success of the first edition, Statistics Using Stata uses the latest version of Stata to meet the needs of today's students. Engaging and accessible for students from a variety of mathematical backgrounds, this textbook integrates statistical concepts with the Stata (version 16) software package. It aligns Stata commands with examples based on real data, enabling students to understand statistics in a way that reflects statistical practice. Capitalizing on Stata's menu-driven 'point and click' and program syntax interface, the chapters guide students from the comfortable 'point and click' environment to the beginnings of statistical programming. Its coverage of essential topics gives instructors flexibility in curriculum planning and provides students with more advanced material to prepare for future work. Online resources - including solutions to exercises, PowerPoint slides, and Stata syntax (do-files) for each chapter - allow students to review independently and adapt code to analyze new problems.
Rescue of a developmental arrest caused by a C. elegans heat-shock transcription-factor mutation by loss of ribosomal S6-kinase activity

The widely conserved heat-shock response, regulated by heat shock transcription factors, is not only essential for cellular stress resistance and adult longevity, but also for proper development. However, the genetic mechanisms by which heat-shock transcription factors regulate development are not well understood. In C. elegans , we conducted an unbiased genetic screen to identify mutations that could ameliorate the developmental arrest phenotype of a heat-shock factor mutant. Here we show that loss of the conserved translational activator rsks-1 /S6-Kinase, a downstream effector of TOR kinase, can rescue the developmental-arrest phenotype of hsf-1 partial loss-of-function mutants. Unexpectedly, we show that the rescue is not likely caused by reduced translation, nor to activation of any of a variety of stress-protective genes and pathways. Our findings identify an as-yet unexplained regulatory relationship between the heat-shock transcription factor and the TOR pathway during C. elegans 9 development.
Zoning does not improve the availability of ecosystem services in urban watersheds. A case study from Upstate South Carolina, USA

Abstract When making governance decisions, such as land-use plans, policymakers must decide if and how to balance economic growth with environmental conservation. Often, and frequently not by choice, these decisions are made with limited or poor-quality data, which is often either too theoretical or too fine-scale, leading to poor land use planning within urban watersheds. As a case study of a governance technique, we analyzed the function of zoning on the relationship between development and ecosystem services across 65 watersheds in South Carolina, USA. Our research question was whether zoning regulations have helped preserve natural capital. Habitat, carbon storage, nutrient and sediment export were measured using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), which maps distributions of services based on ecological production functions. Over a ten-year window, increased development resulted in the loss of services. Zoning reduced the impact of development on phosphorus export, but not on other services, revealing the need for more explicit consideration of services in creation of zoning ordinances. If residents of urban watersheds want to benefit from development, improved and more accessible data and rigorous evaluation are important first steps towards improved governance decisions about zoning and regional planning in both public and private sectors.
Top Ten Things to Know about Satellite Communications

There are, of course, a great many things to know about the field of satellite communications. These range from the technical, operational, financial, and business aspects to the regulatory environment. The satellite communications markets and activities are quite dynamic and vary widely around the world and thus require constant monitoring. Also risk management is a key element of maintaining a successful operation in the field. The following top ten things to know about satellite communications are drawn from the preceding chapters and interviews with many people in the field from around the world.
Measuring Affect and Emotions

Theoretical advances in the sociology of emotions depend on precisely measured constructs. This chapter begins with a discussion of key the features of affect and emotion invoked by various theories in the sociology of emotions, in an effort to identify the measurement needs of this field. The range of theories in the sociology of emotions requires methods of measuring affect associated with cultural symbols and feeling states that are (1) experienced versus expressed, (2) discrete versus dimensional, and (2) directed versus diffuse. Importantly, the utility and testability of some sociological theories would benefit also from measures that minimally intrude into ongoing social interaction. These requirements combine to form a daunting task. This chapter assesses evidence concerning the validity of various classic and emerging methods of measuring affect and emotion. Specifically, this chapter reviews methods organized around three broad approaches—self-report, physiological measurement, and observational—highlighting their theoretical utility along the dimensions described above.
The most common dysautonomias

Objetivo. Repasar la clasificacion y las caracteristicas clinicas y patologicas de las disautonomias mas comunes. Desarrollo. La disautonomia primaria incluye enfermedades neurodegenerativas de causa desconocida que se caracterizan por la acumulacion de intracitoplasmaticos de alfa sinucleina que se manifiestan con cuatro fenotipos diferentes: fallo autonomico puro, enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y atrofia multisistemica. De las disautonomias secundarias, la diabetes mellitus es la causa mas comun de neuropatia autonomica en los paises desarrollados. La disautonomia familiar es una enfermedad autosomica recesiva; el gen responsable se ha localizado en el brazo largo del cromosoma 9 (9q31). La disautonomia paraneoplasica se asocia al cancer de pulmon, de pancreas, enfermedad de Hodgkin y cancer de testiculo. En el sindrome miasteniforme de Lambert-Eaton y en el botulismo la liberacion de acetilcolina es deficiente tanto en las neuronas somaticas como en las autonomicas. Existen otras enfermedades que afectan la neurotransmision autonomica colinergica sin causar ningun trastorno en la transmision neuromuscular. La enfermedad de Chagas afecta las neuronas del ganglio parasimpatico y producen megaesofago, megacolon y miocardiopatia. La deficiencia de la enzima dopamina beta hidroxilasa es una enfermedad congenita caracterizada por la falta de conversion de dopamina a noradrenalina e hipotension ortostatica. Conclusiones. Las disautonomias se clasifican, de acuerdo a la etiologia, en primarias y secundarias; de acuerdo al neurotransmisor deficitario, en colinergica, adrenergica y mixta (pandisautonomia), o de acuerdo a la distribucion anatomica de las neuronas afectadas, en centrales y perifericas.
Sulforaphane absorption and histone deacetylase activity following single dosing of broccoli sprout supplement in normal dogs

The role of epigenetic alterations during cancer has gained increasing attention and has resulted in a paradigm shift in our understanding of mechanisms leading to cancer susceptibility. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from the precursor glucosinolate, glucoraphanin (GFN), which is found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. Sulforaphane has been shown to suppress tumour growth by several mechanisms including inhibiting histone deacetylases. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed analysis of sulforaphane absorption following a single oral dose of a broccoli sprout supplement in normal dogs. A single dose of broccoli sprout supplement (with active myrosinase) was orally administered to 10 healthy adult dogs. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to dosing, and at various time points post-dosing. Plasma total SFN metabolite levels peaked at 4 h post-consumption and were cleared by 24 h post-consumption. Urinary SFN metabolites peaked at 4 h post-consumption, and remained detectable at 24 and 48 h post-supplement consumption. A trend for decrease in histone deacetylase activity was observed at 1 h post-consumption and a significant decrease was observed at 24 h post-consumption. The data presented herein indicate that oral SFN is absorbed in dogs, SFN metabolites are detectable in plasma and urine post-dosing, and SFN and its metabolites have some effect on histone deacetylase activity following a single dose.
A Dual-Loop Current Control Structure With Improved Disturbance Rejection for Grid-Connected Converters

Increase in renewable energy penetration, in the recent past, has been one of the primary causes for serious issues in power quality of the utility grid. This has ushered in the need for a robust and stable control system for reference tracking and disturbance rejection of grid-connected converters. Conventionally, due to its simplicity and ability to achieve zero steady-state error, a simple proportional integral (PI) controller is used in the synchronous reference frame ( $dq$ ) for current control of voltage-source based grid-connected systems. However, the PI controller by itself, may not suffice for adequate disturbance rejection, especially when the utility grid voltages contain other harmonics in addition to the fundamental component. This paper introduces and analyzes a dual-loop current control structure, which utilizes two independent controllers, one for reference tracking and the other for disturbance rejection in the $dq$ frame. A small signal model of the dual-loop current control has been presented and its robustness under grid impedance variation, examined. Extensive experimental results are presented to validate the dual-loop control strategy for improved disturbance rejection capability and filtering action during the presence of grid voltage disturbances and grid impedance variations, without compromising the reference tracking performance.
Dolutegravir-Rilpivirine, Dual Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection:

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) with rilpivirine (RPV) as a dual therapy regimen in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed (1966 to January 2019) and Google Scholar (2014 to January 2019) with the search terms dolutegravir, rilpivirine, dual, and switch. Other resources included review articles and the manufacturer product label. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant English-language articles of studies assessing the efficacy and safety of switch therapy to DTG with RPV and review articles were included. Data Synthesis: The fixed-dose combination tablet of DTG and RPV is the first dual therapy approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients who have achieved virological suppression for least 6 months on current antiretroviral therapy. This single-tablet regimen is dosed once daily and has been compared with standard triple therapy antiretroviral regimens for safety and efficacy. The dual therapy regimen demonstrated comparable maintenance of virological suppression evaluated up to 100 weeks, with low rates of virological failure. Common adverse effects include headache and diarrhea. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This dual therapy represents an attractive option with a high barrier to resistance in patients without hepatitis B coinfection with adverse effects or significant drug-drug interactions on current therapy, polypharmacy, or end-stage renal disease, who are controlled on triple therapy. Conclusions: This dual therapy combination of DTG-RPV provides maintenance of virological suppression as a switch strategy with few drug interactions and positive effects on lipids and renal and bone health.
P.C.N. and Arena Meet Hotel

This paper deals with the analysis of a hotel facility to determine opportunity for improvements using the Process Chain Network (P.C.N.) in combination with the Arena simulation software. The information presented is based on the authors’ personal experiences as guests at hotels, and presented in a final project assignment in the MBA Production and Operations Management course.
Examining Resiliency in Adolescent Refugees Through the Tree of Life Activity

Grounded in both resiliency science and positive youth development, the research team set out to understand the strengths and resources of adolescent refugees living in northeast Texas. In coordination with a local refugee services agency, members of the research team conducted the Tree of Life activity with 16 participants ranging in age from 13 to 20 years. Identifying 16 codes in the qualitative analyses of participants’ drawings, they organized these codes into 3 themes: self-efficacy, values, and relationships. The authors recommend the use of Tree of Life and other creative arts activities to facilitate the discovery of strengths and resources in adolescent refugees, by which they may progress beyond survival of adversity to resiliency and thriving.
Diabetes-Related Health Care Utilization and Dietary Intake Among Food Pantry Clients.

Purpose: Consuming a diet appropriate for management of diabetes mellitus (DM) is challenging, particularly for adults with food insecurity (FI). DM-related health care services are thought to support better dietary intake. In this study, we explored associations between DM-related health care utilization and dietary intake among FI adults with DM. Methods: We used cross-sectional, baseline data (collected 2015-2016) from a trial designed to improve glycemic control among adult food pantry clients with DM. We examined intake of vegetables, fruit, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and desserts using the California Health Interview Survey dietary screener. We then examined adjusted associations between dietary intake and two components of DM-related health care utilization (<12 months vs. ≥12 months ago): self-reported visit to a health care provider for DM management and DM self-management education. Results: Among 523 participants (mean hemoglobin A1c 9.8%; body mass index 34.6 kg/m2; 17.0% uninsured), vegetable intake was more frequent in those reporting recent utilization of health care providers for DM management and DSME-related services (p<0.01), compared with those with less recent use. There was no association between intake frequency of fruit or SSBs and utilization of either DM-related service. Participants more recently utilizing DSME-related services consumed desserts more frequently (p=0.02). Relationships persisted after controlling for DM duration, race/ethnicity, education, health insurance, location, medication adherence, and depression. Conclusions: Among FI patients, DM-related services offered in clinical settings may more effectively increase vegetable consumption than decrease consumption of food and beverage items that can worsen glycemic control. Food pantry settings may provide an opportunity to reinforce dietary messaging.
Pediatric Blast Injuries

Children exposed to blast events ranging from low-energy fireworks to high-energy explosions can suffer severe, life-threatening injuries. Optimizing survival for these young victims requires a detailed understanding of the common injury patterns, appreciation of the physiologic response of children to blast injuries, and availability of the resources and supplies needed to manage critically injured children. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of blast injuries in children, the physiologic response to blast injury, a recommended approach to injury identification in blast-injured children, and an overview of specific injuries by organ system.
Plant carbohydrate depletion spreads via ectomycorrhizal networks impairing plant water relations

Abstract Carbon and water relations are fundamental to plant life and strongly interact. Under drought, the ability of plants to assimilate carbon is reduced, which increases their consumption of stored labile carbon in the form of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). This process may impair plant water relations, but mechanisms are not clear, and we do not know if their effects are independent of water deficit. If so, carbon costs of fungal symbionts could also indirectly influence drought tolerance of plants through stored NSC depletion. We connected well-watered Pinus ponderosa seedling pairs via ectomycorrhizal (EM) networks where one seedling was shaded and the other experienced full light and compared responses to seedling pairs in the light. We measured plant water relations and traced carbon movements using 13CO2 to explore the mechanisms linking stored NSC to water relations, and to identify potential tradeoffs between drought tolerance and maintaining EM fungi under carbon-limiting conditions. We found that even in the absence of drought, mild NSC depletion decreased plant drought tolerance by indirectly impairing osmoregulation capacity and turgor maintenance. This demonstrates that NSC storage influences plant drought tolerance independently of plant water status. We also found that EM networks propagated NSC depletion and its negative effects on drought tolerance from carbon stressed hosts to non-stressed hosts. These results highlight carbon allocation tradeoffs between supporting fungal symbionts and retaining water via stored NSC and have implications for biotic interactions and forest drought responses. Significance Statement The potential effects of future drought on global carbon cycles, vegetation-climate feedbacks, species distributions and their ecological impacts, urgently call for a clear understanding of factors influencing vegetation tolerance to drought. Key to this is the understanding of mechanisms and processes by which plants tolerate drought and how prevalent plant-fungal interactions may influence these processes. We demonstrate that even mild depletion of plant non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) storage readily decreases plant water retention capacity, therefore decreasing tolerance to drought. Because plant-fungal interactions depend on NSC exchange, plants face carbon-allocation tradeoffs between maintaining drought tolerance and feeding fungal symbionts. The impacts of these tradeoffs extend across plants connected via ectomycorrhizal networks as fungi propagate NSC depletion from NSC-limited plants to non-stressed individuals.
Limit Order Markets under Asymmetric Information

We develop a model of dynamic limit order markets under asymmetric information that can be simplified sufficiently to be solved analytically. We use the trader arrival and information environment of the traditional sequential trade models but swap the dealer-based trading core of these models for a dynamic limit order market. We find that informed traders tend to “make” liquidity in illiquid markets and “take” liquidity from more liquid markets. The arrival of marketable and limit orders as well as the passage of time may convey information, resulting in repricing of orders in the book and generating the frequent cancellations and resubmissions that have become a staple of modern markets.
Fast and scalable lipid nanoparticle formulation of niclosamide (nano NCM) effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro

As exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, highly infective respiratory viruses can spread rapidly in the population because of lack of effective approaches to control viral replication and spread. Niclosamide (NCM) is an old anthelminthic drug (World Health Organization essential medicine list) with pleiotropic pharmacological activities. Several recent publications demonstrated that NCM has broad antiviral activities and potently inhibits viral replication, including replication of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and dengue viruses. Unfortunately, NCM is almost completely insoluble in water, which limits its clinical use. We developed a highly scalable and cost-effective nanoparticle formulation of NCM (nano NCM) using only FDA-approved excipient and demonstrated potency against SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells (Vero E6 and ACE2-expressing lung epithelium cells). Our ultimate goal is to develop the nano NCM formulation for treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Volunteer-collected water quality data can be used for science and management

Hoyer, MV, Canfield, DE Jr. 2021. Volunteer-collected water quality data can be used for science and management. Lake Reserv Manage. XX:XXX–XXX. This study addresses concerns that comparison studie...
Use of Three-Dimensional Accelerometry for Non-Contact, Continuous Characterization of Behavior Using an Induced Arthritis Model in Calves

Objective assessment of lameness is preferred to subjective assessment. There are few modalities that allow for both objective and non-contact assessment of lameness. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate two novel diagnostic tools, accelerometry and thermography, for lameness detection. We hypothesized that tri-axial accelerometry and thermography would allow for objective and non-contact assessment of lameness in calves.