cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Expression of hCNT1-CFP and hENT1-YFP in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells LOCALIZATION AND VECTORIAL TRANSPORT STUDIES

To test the hypothesis that human concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hCNT1 and hENT1) are present on the apical and basolateral membrane, respectively, we constructed a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line that simultaneously and stably expresses recombinant hCNT1 and hENT1 gene products tagged with CFP and YFP fluorescent proteins, respectively. Using a confocal microscope, both hCNT1-CFP and hENT1-YFP were found to be distributed uniformly on the plasma membrane of undifferentiated MDCK cells. Upon differentiation of the MDCK cells on Transwell filter inserts, hCNT1-CFP was visualized exclusively on the apical membrane, whereas hENT1-YFP appeared predominantly on the basolateral membrane. As differentiation proceeded, there was an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, and activity of hENT1 in the apical compartment decreased while hCNT1 activity remained constant. These results suggest that, on differentiation, hENT1 is sorted to the basolateral membrane. This was confirmed when the hCNT1-mediated uptake of [3H]uridine from the apical compartment of the differentiated cells was found to be ∼20-fold higher and that for hENT1 was ∼4-fold lower than the corresponding uptake from the basal compartment. As observed in vivo, the net transport of [3H]adenosine was from the apical to the basal compartment, whereas that for 14C-deoxyadenosine was from the basal to the apical compartment. In summary, we have shown for the first time that hCNT1 and hENT1 are expressed in polarized MDCK cells on the apical and basolateral membrane, respectively, allowing vectorial transport in both directions depending on the relative activity (ratio of maximal transporter activity to affinity) of each transporter for their substrates.
Vertically Oriented Intramural Right Coronary Artery in Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries: Prospective Recognition and Surgical Implications

This report describes a rare case of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with an intramural right coronary artery arising well above the sinotubular junction. Additionally in this case, the left circumflex artery arose anomalously as a branch from the right coronary. Identification of this anatomic anomaly was made by transthoracic echocardiography before surgery. The patient underwent a successful arterial switch operation on day 6 of life. Due to the preoperative diagnosis of the unusual right intramural coronary artery, the coronary transfer technique during the arterial switch was altered, allowing preservation of the right coronary artery.
Conjunctive differentiation of gape during food-reinforced keypecking in the pigeon

The pigeon’s keypecking response includes both a head-transport (peck) and a jaw-movement (gape) component. Because the two components are mediated by different effector systems, they may potentially be viewed as orthogonal responses. A response differentiation procedure was used to bring gape amplitude under operant control. The procedure employed a conjunctive response requirement in which reinforcement was contingent upon both gaping and key contact. The key-contact requirement was held constant, while the gape contingency was systematically varied to reinforce either decreases or increases in gape amplitude with respect to baseline. The procedure was effective in shifting the gape distributions in both the upward and downward directions and in inducing new gape values that deviated from the baseline in the reinforced direction. These observations indicate that gape may be brought under operant control. However, subjects showed a bias in the differentiation of the gape response, such that larger gapes were more readily differentiated than smaller gapes. The results are discussed in relation to the methodological utility of the paradigm, the problem of biological constraints on learning, and the heuristic utility of a response components analysis.
Scapholunate ligament repair with capsulodesis reinforcement.

The typical presentation of an acute scapholunate dislocation is swelling, pain, and deformity following acute trauma to the wrist. Radiographs corroborate a gross disturbance of carpal relationships. In a dorsal perilunate dislocation, the lateral radiograph shows the longitudinal axis of the capitate dorsal to the longitudinal axis of the radius and the proximal pole of the scaphoid rotated dorsally. A scapholunate angle of greater than 70° on the lateral view is 1 accepted radiographic criterion for identifying an acute scapholunate dissociation. In the posterior-anterior (PA) projection, the carpus is foreshortened. A scapholunate interval of >2 mm is seen on the PA x-ray (Terry Thomas sign). The lunate is triangular instead of quadrangular in shape. Although closed reduction is possible, maintaining an anatomical reduction is extremely difficult. Therefore, all of these injuries require open reduction and internal fixation and repair of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. Although originally advocated for the treatment of some forms of chronic scapholunate dislocations (>3 months old), dorsal capsulodesis can be useful to reinforce the scapholunate interosseous ligament repair in the subacute setting (>3 weeks old).
The enzymatic determination of lactic acid in faeces in glycosidase deficiency

Abstract A convenient method for the determination of faecal lactic acid for use in suspected intestinal glycosidase deficiency is described. The method uses commercially available enzyme preparations. Faecal lactic acid concentrations in normals and a miscellaneous group of children are given. Laboratory findings are described in one case of lactase deficiency.
Chronic elevation of endoneurial fluid pressure is associated with low-grade fiber pathology

The effects of chronic elevations of endoneurial fluid pressure (EFP) on mammalian nerve fibers were studied using a modified model of experimental galactose neuropathy. Fiber pathology was monitored by the sensitive method of grading the pathologic abnormalities of single teased fibers. Prominent edema was produced in rats poisoned with combined oral and parenteral galactose. EFP and fascicular size were markedly elevated and tibial nerve conduction velocity was reduced. We have demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of fiber degeneration in galactose fed rats. Possible mechanisms of nerve fiber damage include: (1) impaired capillary circulation and increased fiber separation secondary to increased EFP and edema, respectively; (2) increased endoneurial hyperosmolarity, which is known to cause changes in fiber shape; and (3) unknown metabolic derangement of axons. Because much higher rates and different types of fiber pathology are encountered in lead and hexachlorophene intoxication having comparable degrees of EFP, one cannot attribute the fiber pathology directly to the raised EFP in these latter neuropathies.
Radio Frequency Interference Measurements and Standards

Radio frequency interference has been a particularly difficult area for achieving effective standardization, principally because of technical considerations, but also because it is of concern to so many interests and activities. Prior to World War II, standardization efforts were mainly confined to the medium-frequency broadcast band. During the war it became evident that the problem must be considered on a much broader basis. More recently, highly critical systems being used in space research have placed additional requirements on system engineering for interference-free operation. Radio frequency interference can mean the difference between success and failure of a costly space project. There are four general categories in which standardization efforts are required: 1) terms and definitions, 2) measurement methods, 3) instrument characteristics, and 4) interference limits. Various professional, industrial, and governmental organizations are working at both national and international levels on standards in these areas.
Reaction of trimethylsilylimidazole with 5,10β-epoxy-3-ketosteroids: Enolization and aromatization of the A-ring

Abstract The reaction of trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM) and 3-keto-5,10-epoxy-nor-19-methylandrostanone 3 and its 17-acetate analog 4 was examined at two different temperatures. In both compounds, reaction at 90°C gave predominantly a Δ3-silyl-enol ether plus a minor product as a result of the epoxide ring opening. Under reflux conditions, besides the aforementioned products, aromatization of the A-ring was observed as a major process. The results suggest the potential use of silylation reactions with epoxy-ketones towards the synthesis of aromatic compounds.
Inverse scale factor in isotropic quantum geometry

The inverse scale factor, which in classical cosmological models diverges at the singularity, is quantized in isotropic models of loop quantum cosmology by using techniques which have been developed in quantum geometry for a quantization of general relativity. This procedure results in a bounded operator which is diagonalizable simultaneously with the volume operator and whose eigenvalues are determined explicitly. For large scale factors (in fact, up to a scale factor slightly above the Planck length) the eigenvalues are close to the classical expectation, whereas below the Planck length there are large deviations leading to a nondiverging behavior of the inverse scale factor even though the scale factor has vanishing eigenvalues. This is a first indication that the classical singularity is better behaved in loop quantum cosmology.
Uncertainty, bailouts, and the Kornai effect

Abstract We investigate the effects of bailouts on a firm with negative profits. The production function is Cobb-Douglas and the firm experiences both revenue and cost uncertainty. The effect of bailouts on input demand depends on the technology, the variances of the random variables and the correlation between them.
Measuring coding intensity in the Medicare Advantage program.

Background In 2004, Medicare implemented a system of paying Medicare Advantage (MA) plans that gave them greater incentive than fee-for-service (FFS) providers to report diagnoses.
Evolving spectral transformations for multitemporal information extraction using evolutionary computation

Remote sensing plays an important role in assessing temporal changes in land features. The challenge often resides in the conversion of large quantities of raw data into actionable information in a timely and cost-effective fashion. To address this issue, research was undertaken to develop an innovative methodology integrating biologically-inspired algorithms with standard image classification algorithms to improve information extraction from multitemporal imagery. Genetic programming was used as the optimization engine to evolve feature-specific candidate solutions in the form of nonlinear mathematical expressions of the image spectral channels (spectral indices). The temporal generalization capability of the proposed system was evaluated by addressing the task of building rooftop identification from a set of images acquired at different dates in a cross-validation approach. The proposed system generates robust solutions (kappa values > 0.75 for stage 1 and > 0.4 for stage 2) despite the statistical differences between the scenes caused by land use and land cover changes coupled with variable environmental conditions, and the lack of radiometric calibration between images. Based on our results, the use of nonlinear spectral indices enhanced the spectral differences between features improving the clustering capability of standard classifiers and providing an alternative solution for multitemporal information extraction.
The use of phosphomannose-isomerase as a selectable marker to recover transgenic maize plants (Zea mays L.) via Agrobacterium transformation

A new selectable marker system has been adapted for use in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize. This selection system utilizes the pmi gene encoding for phosphomannose-isomerase that converts mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Only transformed cells are capable of utilizing mannose as a carbon source. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature embryos followed by a pre-selection of 10-14 days prior to selection at a level of 1% mannose and 0.5% sucrose led to the recovery of trangenic lines of a frequency of as high as 30% in about 12 weeks. Molecular and genetic analysis showed that selected plants contained the pmi gene and that the gene was transmitted to the progeny in a Mendelian fashion.
Allele-specific expression patterns reveal biases and embryo-specific parent-of-origin effects in hybrid maize.

We employed allele-specific expression (ASE) analyses to document biased allelic expression in maize (Zea mays). A set of 316 quantitative ASE assays were used to profile the relative allelic expression in seedling tissue derived from five maize hybrids. The different hybrids included in this study exhibit a range of heterosis levels; however, we did not observe differences in the frequencies of allelic bias. Allelic biases in gene expression were consistently observed for ∼50% of the genes assayed in hybrid seedlings. The relative proportion of genes that exhibit cis- or trans-acting regulatory variation was very similar among the different genotypes. The cis-acting regulatory variation was more prevalent and resulted in greater expression differences than trans-acting regulatory variation for these genes. The ASE assays were further used to compare the relative expression of the B73 and Mo17 alleles in three tissue types (seedling, immature ear, and embryo) derived from reciprocal hybrids. These comparisons provided evidence for tissue-specific cis-acting variation and for a slight maternal expression bias in ∼20% of genes in embryo tissue. Collectively, these data provide evidence for prevalent cis-acting regulatory variation that contributes to biased allelic expression between genotypes and between tissues.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in DSM-5: Estimates of prevalence and symptom structure in a nonclinical sample of college students

We empirically investigated recent proposed changes to the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis for DSM-5 using a non-clinical sample. A web survey was administered to 585 college students using the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire to assess for trauma exposure but with additions for the proposed traumatic stressor changes in DSM-5 PTSD. For the 216 subjects endorsing previous trauma exposure and nominating a worst traumatic event, we administered the original PTSD Symptom Scale based on DSM-IV PTSD symptom criteria and an adapted version for DSM-5 symptoms, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. While 67% of participants endorsed at least one traumatic event based on DSM-IV PTSD's trauma classification, 59% of participants would meet DSM-5 PTSD's proposed trauma classification. Estimates of current PTSD prevalence were .4-1.8% points higher for the DSM-5 (vs. the DSM-IV) diagnostic algorithm. The DSM-5 symptom set fit the data very well based on confirmatory factor analysis, and neither symptom set's factors were more correlated with depression.
Early Executive Function Predicts Reasoning Development

Analogical reasoning is a core cognitive skill that distinguishes humans from all other species and contributes to general fluid intelligence, creativity, and adaptive learning capacities. Yet its origins are not well understood. In the study reported here, we analyzed large-scale longitudinal data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to test predictors of growth in analogical-reasoning skill from third grade to adolescence. Our results suggest an integrative resolution to the theoretical debate regarding contributory factors arising from smaller-scale, cross-sectional experiments on analogy development. Children with greater executive-function skills (both composite and inhibitory control) and vocabulary knowledge in early elementary school displayed higher scores on a verbal analogies task at age 15 years, even after adjusting for key covariates. We posit that knowledge is a prerequisite to analogy performance, but strong executive-functioning resources during early childhood are related to long-term gains in fundamental reasoning skills.
Dynamics‐Based Amplification of RNA Function and Its Characterization by Using NMR Spectroscopy

The ever-increasing cellular roles ascribed to RNA raise fundamental questions regarding how a biopolymer composed of only four chemically similar building-block nucleotides achieves such functional diversity. Here, I discuss how RNA achieves added mechanistic and chemical complexity by undergoing highly controlled conformational changes in response to a variety of cellular signals. I examine pathways for achieving selectivity in these conformational changes that rely to different extents on the structure and dynamics of RNA. Finally, I review solution-state NMR techniques that can be used to characterize RNA structural dynamics and its relationship to function.
Resonance (∼10 Hz) of excitatory networks in motor cortex: effects of voltage-dependent ion channel blockers

The motor cortex generates synchronous network oscillations at frequencies between 7 and 14 Hz during disinhibition or low [Mg 2+ ]o buffers, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. These oscillations, termed here ∼10 Hz oscillations, are generated by a purely excitatory network of interconnected pyramidal cells because they are robust in the absence of GABAergic transmission. It is likely that specific voltage-dependent currents expressed in those cells contribute to the generation of ∼10 Hz oscillations. We tested the effects of different drugs known to suppress certain voltage-dependent currents. The results revealed that drugs that suppress the low-threshold calcium current and the hyperpolarization-activated cation current are not critically involved in the generation of ∼10 Hz oscillations. Interestingly, drugs known to suppress the persistent sodium current abolished ∼10 Hz oscillations. Furthermore, blockers of K + channels had significant effects on the oscillations. In particular, blockers of the M-current abolished the oscillations. Also, blockers of both non-inactivating and slowly inactivating voltage-dependent K + currents abolished ∼10 Hz oscillations. The results indicate that specific voltage-dependent non-inactivating K + currents, such as the M-current, and persistent sodium currents are critically involved in generating ∼10 Hz oscillations of excitatory motor cortex networks.
Multi-tone signaling for high-speed backplane electrical links

A multi-tone architecture is proposed for high-speed backplane serial links. To limit complexity, the links use analog multi-tone rather than the more modern DMT. The tradeoffs involved in the design of such a system are examined and the performance of a serial link based on this approach is compared to a baseband architecture in terms of data rate and complexity using a convex optimization framework. Slightly less than 2/spl times/ improvement in data rate at reasonable complexity is shown to be achievable with the proposed architecture.
Do vouchers improve government fertilizer distribution? Evidence from Nigeria

Government distribution of subsidized fertilizer in Sub-Saharan Africa is often characterized by cumbersome administrative processes and diversion of the product from the proclaimed beneficiaries. This study uses propensity score matching techniques to analyze an input voucher program in Nigeria that was meant to demonstrate an alternative and more efficient distribution mechanism for subsidized fertilizer. We find that participants in the 2009 voucher program received more bags of subsidized fertilizer than nonparticipants and also paid significantly lower prices compared to those who purchased directly from the market. On average, however, participating in the voucher program did not improve the timeliness of fertilizer receipt or the quality of the product. Where statistically significant, participating in the program increased the likelihood that the product was received late and that some complaint about the product's quality was made. As many developing countries; particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa adopt the use of input vouchers or scale up already existing programs, this study demonstrates when the distribution of subsidized fertilizer via vouchers improves farmers’ timely access to good and more affordable fertilizer. It highlights some key issues to be considered in order to expand the dimensions of success of well-targeted input voucher programs
Deforestation in Mwanza District, Malawi, from 1981 to 1992, as determined from Landsat MSS imagery

Malawi is critically short of fuelwood, the primary energy source for its poverty-stricken populace. Deforestation from 1981 to 1992 in Mwanza District in southern Malawi was assessed using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values calculated from multitemporal Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images. A control site, where vegetation change was assumed to be minimal, was used to account for the large effect of phenology on NDVI variability between images, and to reveal more subtle differences indicative of changes in percentage woody canopy cover. The average annual deforestation rate was estimated to be 1.8% in Mwanza District between 1981 and 1992.
Equine disease association studies: a clinician's perspective.

Summary. Diagnostic criteria should be carefully defined and described in disease association studies to allow (1) comparison among studies from different laboratories evaluating the same disease, (2) critical evaluation of selection procedures of patients, and (3) to strengthen genuine associations with any genetic marker system. Factors to consider include age at onset of disease, specialized diagnostic methods necessary to diagnose or eliminate patients with a selected disease, ranges of affectedness and differences in sex expression.
Socializing Emerging Evaluators: The Use of Mentoring to Develop Evaluation Competence

The interdisciplinary nature of evaluation necessitates that emerging evaluators, those within the first five years in the evaluation profession, operate competently within the profession, and receive an extensive and deliberate socialization to the field. Mentoring is a key component to integrating these new evaluators into the field and one way that socialization takes place. In this chapter, survey data from GEDI participants are used to describe how the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) program influences the socialization of diverse emerging scholars, specifically using mentoring relationships to facilitate the development of evaluation competence. Survey data exploring the interns’ formal and informal mentoring relationships suggest that informal mentoring relationships were more effective and yield more support for psychosocial development and exposure to evaluation-related knowledge and competence in comparison with formal mentoring relationships.
Scalable VANET content routing using hierarchical bloom filters

In this paper, we discuss scalable content-oriented routing that enables storing, sharing and searching data totally within the VANET. We introduce a proactive content discovery scheme, Hierarchical Bloom-Filter Routing (HBFR), to tackle mobility, large population and rich content challenges of VANETs. HBFR is compared to the popular ICN reactive content discovery scheme in practical VANET scenarios. The results show that HBFR suits non-sharable data services, while reactive ICN inspired content discovery works well with popular sharable data. We suggest a hybrid approach that adaptively utilizes proactive and reactive schemes for time-sensitive data in ICN VANET.
The Happy Older Latinos are Active (HOLA) health promotion and prevention study: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Results of previous studies attest to the greater illness burden of common mental disorders (anxiety and depression) in older Latinos and the need for developing preventive interventions that are effective, acceptable, and scalable. Happy Older Latinos are Active (HOLA) is a newly developed intervention that uses a community health worker (CHW) to lead a health promotion program in order to prevent common mental disorders among at-risk older Latinos. This pilot study tests the feasibility and acceptability of delivering HOLA to older, at-risk Latinos. HOLA is a multi-component, health promotion intervention funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). This prevention approach will be tested against a fotonovela, an enhanced psychoeducation control condition, in a sample of Latino elderly with minor or subthreshold depression or anxiety. A total of 60 older Latinos (aged 60+) will be randomized to receive HOLA or the fotonovela. The primary outcomes of interest are recruitment, adherence, retention, and acceptability. Data will also be collected on: preemption of incident and recurrent major depression, generalized anxiety, and social phobia; reduction in depression and anxiety symptom severity; physical functioning; sedentary behaviors; social engagement; and self-efficacy. The results of this study could have implications for other high-risk, highly disadvantaged populations. The development of a health promotion intervention designed to prevent common mental disorders could be a means of addressing multiple disparities (for example, mental health outcomes, mental health service use, stigma) among racial/ethnic minority elderly. NCT02371954 . Date of registration: 21 January 2015.
Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma with Dissemination to Lymph Nodes and Other Sites

Cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) is a CD30+ lymphoma composed of large anaplastic cells that arise in skin. Although usually a clinically indolent disease, C-ALCL can disseminate, usually to regional lymph nodes, and rarely to extranodal sites, such as lungs, bones, bone marrow, or breast.
Practitioners’ Personal and Professional Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Religion and Spirituality

This article presents findings from a study that examined the attitudes and behaviors toward religion and spirituality held by 328 randomly selected Virginia licensed clinical social workers, psychologists, and professional counselors. Significant differences were found among the three groups, with social workers generally holding a middle position in comparison with psychologists and professional counselors. As a whole, respondents were found to value the religious or spiritual dimension in their own lives, to respect the function it serves for people in general, and to address, to some extent, religious and spiritual issues in practice. Limited professional training in this area was reported, however, with 79% (n = 259) of the respondents stating that religious or spiritual issues were rarely or never addressed during the course of their graduate education and training. Implications for social work education and practice are discussed.
Grain boundary relaxation strengthening of nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys

The hardening effect caused by the relaxation of nonequilibrium grain boundary structure has been explored in nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys. First, the kinetics of relaxation hardening are studied, showing that higher annealing temperatures result in faster, more pronounced strengthening. Based on the temperature dependence of relaxation strengthening kinetics, triple junction diffusion is suggested as a plausible kinetic rate limiter for the removal of excess grain boundary defects in these materials. Second, the magnitude of relaxation strengthening is explored over a wide range of grain sizes spanning the Hall–Petch breakdown, with an apparent maximum hardening effect found at a grain size below 10 nm. The apparent activation volume for plastic deformation is unaffected by annealing for grain sizes down to ∼10 nm, but increases with annealing for the finest grain sizes, suggesting a change in the dominant deformation mechanism for these structures.
Free Mucosal Graft Reconstruction of the Septum after Nasoseptal Flap Harvest: A Novel Technique using a Posterior Septal Free Mucosal Graft

Objectives/Hypotheses: The nasoseptal flap has become the workhorse for reconstruction of large skull base defects in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. The nasoseptal flap, though useful in reconstruction, may lead to significant donor site morbidity. Specifically, exposed cartilage and bone of the nasal septum leads to prolonged crusting, as well as potential cartilage necrosis and septal perforation. Published techniques to reduce the donor site morbidity include free mucosal grafting and septal rotational flaps, and these techniques have shown reduced crusting and healing/re-mucosalization times. Free mucosal grafts described in these techniques are harvested from a resected middle turbinate. However, middle turbinectomy is not always necessary for surgical access and is associated with its own potential side effects, such as altered nasal air flow, reduced nasal humidification and the potential for empty nose syndrome. We present a novel technique which involves harvesting posterior septal mucosa from the side contralateral to the nasoseptal flap as a free mucosal graft for reconstruction of the anterior septal donor site. The septal mucosal graft is taken from the overlying mucosa at the posterior septectomy site of the endonasal approach to skull base tumors; this mucosa would typically be discarded after removal. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery at a tertiary academic medical center between November 1, 2014 and August 30, 2015 who had free mucosal graft reconstruction of the nasoseptal flap donor site were included. Postoperative graft success was assessed during the first follow up clinic visit. Results: A total of 16 patients underwent septal reconstruction using a contralateral septal free mucosal graft. The free mucosal graft was sutured to the anterior septal donor site using plain gut mattress sutures. On follow up examination, there was a 100% graft take rate. No patients developed anterior septal perforations postoperatively. The steps of this novel surgical technique will be reviewed. Conclusions: The posterior septal free mucosal graft is a simple, low-morbidity, and reliable method for reconstructing the nasoseptal flap donor site. The advantages of this technique include utilization of native septal mucosa tissue and preservation of the middle turbinate.
Performance Characterization of a Low Reynolds Number Micro-Nozzle Flo

With the rise of CubeSat usage there is a growing use-case for low Reynolds number nozzles as a component within micro-propulsion systems. However, design of such systems is difficult due to the viscous losses encountered in such low Reynolds number flow regimes. As part of a program to develop a design tool for efficient micro-nozzle design, the performance of a test nozzle is measured across a range of Reynolds numbers to create an experimental database for model validation. The thrust and specific impulse efficiency of are measured using a torsional thrust balance at various flow rates to cover the Reynolds number range of 60 – 500 for 300 K nitrogen.
Solution to Discrete-Valued Inverse Problems using the Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Technique

The definition of geologic boundaries through inversion can be improved through the incorporation of known physical property values of a small number of geological units. The direct and strict imposition of such physical property values in a Tikhonov regularized inversion, however, leads to an integer programming problem to be solved, which poses significant computational challenges for large problems in practice. As an alternative approach, we present a new solution method for such discrete-valued inverse problems using a guided fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) technique. This method enforces the discrete values in an inversion by guiding the constructed model to cluster around the known values in the inversion process. The corresponding minimization problem can be solved with any derivative based minimization technique and, therefore, is efficient and applicable to a wide range of problems. In the paper, we present the basics of the method and illustrate it with binary gravity inversions in which the density contrast can only take on a background value of zero or an anomalous value. Applications to inversions of borehole gravity data and combined borehole and surface gravity data demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
Phage display selection of tight specific binding variants from a hyperthermostable Sso7d scaffold protein library

Antibodies, the quintessential biological recognition molecules, are not ideal for many applications because of their large size, complex modifications, and thermal and chemical instability. Identifying alternative scaffolds that may be evolved into tight, specific binding molecules with improved physical properties is of increasing interest, particularly for biomedical applications in resource-limited environments. Hyperthermophilic organisms, such as Sulfolobus solfataricus, are an attractive source of highly stable proteins that may serve as starting points for alternative molecular recognition scaffolds. We describe the first application of phage display to identify binding proteins based on the S. solfataricus protein Sso7d scaffold. Sso7d is a small cysteine-free DNA-binding protein (approximately 7 kDa, 63 amino acids), with a melting temperature of nearly 100 °C. Tight-binding Sso7d variants were selected for a diverse set of protein targets from a 10(10) member library, demonstrating the versatility of the scaffold. These Sso7d variants are able to discriminate among closely related human, bovine and rabbit serum albumins. Equilibrium dissociation constants in the nanomolar to low micromolar range were measured via competitive ELISA. Importantly, the Sso7d variants continue to bind their targets in the absence of the phage context. Furthermore, phage-displayed Sso7d variants retain their binding affinity after exposure to temperatures up to 70 °C. Taken together, our results suggest that the Sso7d scaffold will be a complementary addition to the range of non-antibody scaffold proteins that may be utilized in phage display. Variants of hyperthermostable binding proteins have potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics for environments with extreme conditions of storage and deployment.
Transplantable malignant cholangiocarcinoma from hamster liver.

We report a highly malignant transplantable tumor, derived from the liver of a hamster fed 2-acetylaminofluorene, that did not appear malignant in the donor. A piece of liver tissue was transplanted into three male weanling hamsters; two months later, all three developed masses at the site of transplantation. The neoplasm was a firm, multinodular white mass, histologically characteristic of scirrhous carcinoma. Hamsters with transplants of tumor tissue, cell suspension, or cell culture all developed a highly malignant tumor. Those with transplants of sonicated cells, pieces of liver from untreated hamsters, and saline injections did not develop neoplastic growths. Transplants through 30 passages were viable, highly malignant, and maintained the original cell type.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HUTUBI GAS RESERVOIR EXPLOITATION

The high pressure PVT experiment data of Hutubi condensate gas reservoir was calculated and the fluid compositional characteristic parameters, which can suitably describe the phase behavior of this condensate gas reservoir, were determined. According to the well location and the structure shape and the geological characteristics of the wells, the three dimensional geological model was built. A good production history fit was completed after its reserves fit. The numerical simulation research in the nine aspects of this gas reservoir is completed, and the results can forecast the future production performance and conduct the realistic development of the gas reservoir.
Analysis of low efficiency droop of semipolar InGaN quantum well light-emitting diodes by modified rate equation with weak phase-space filling effect

We study the low efficiency droop characteristics of semipolar InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using modified rate equation incoporating the phase-space filling (PSF) effect where the results on c-plane LEDs are also obtained and compared. Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of LEDs was simulated using a modified ABC model with different PSF filling (n0), Shockley-Read-Hall (A), radiative (B), Auger (C) coefficients and different active layer thickness (d), where the PSF effect showed a strong impact on the simulated LED efficiency results. A weaker PSF effect was found for low-droop semipolar LEDs possibly due to small quantum confined Stark effect, short carrier lifetime, and small average carrier density. A very good agreement between experimental data and the theoretical modeling was obtained for low-droop semipolar LEDs with weak PSF effect. These results suggest the low droop performance may be explained by different mechanisms for semipolar LEDs.
Visualization for understanding uncertainty in activation volumes for deep brain stimulation

We have created the Neurostimulation Uncertainty Viewer (nuView or vView) tool for exploring data arising from deep brain stimulation (DBS). Simulated volume of tissue activated (VTA), using clinical electrode placements, are recorded along with patient outcomes in the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS). The data is volumetric and sparse, with multi-value patient results for each activated voxel in the simulation. vView provides a collection of visual methods to explore the activated tissue to enhance understanding of electrode usage for improved therapy with DBS.
Human Placental Cytochrome P-450: Microsomal Preparation and Purification

The human placenta contains several microsomal oxidases important in the oxidation of steroids and drugs (Pelkonen and Pasanen, 1984; Pelkonen, 1980; Namkung et al., 1983). An important function of placental cytochrome P-450 is the aromatization of steroids (Meigs and Ryan, 1968). This aromatase activity is induced by the cAMP analog, dibutyryl cAMP, and theophylline indicating a possible control by kinase (Bellino and Hussa, 1978). Further study of the regulation of this and other cytochrome P-450 activities requires the purification of the terminal oxidase, cytochrome P-450, and the associated cytochrome c reductase. Methods of purifying cytochrome P-450 (Pasanen and Pelkonen, 1981; Pelkonen and Pasanen, 1982) and cytochrome c reductase (Bellino, 1982; Yasukochi and Masters, 1976) from human placenta have been reported. However, due to the low specific content of cytochrome P-450 (0.05–0.15 nmol/mg) in human placental microsomes only small amounts of cytochrome P-450 or the reductase can be obtained from a single placenta.
W. Ritchie Russell, A.B. Baker, and Fred Plum: Pioneers of ventilatory management in poliomyelitis.

Historically, neurologists were not involved in the day-to-day management of critically ill patients with bulbar poliomyelitis, but some were. The major contributions of 3 neurologists—W. Ritchie Russell, A.B. Baker, and Fred Plum—in the respiratory management of poliomyelitis have not been recognized. Russell9s work was instrumental in identifying multiple types of poliomyelitis defined by their respiratory needs, and he advised treatment that varied from simple postural drainage to use of respirators. He participated in the development of the Radcliffe respiratory pump. Baker recognized the essential involvement of the vagal nerve in respiratory distress, but also observed that involvement of vital centers without cranial nerve involvement would lead to irregular and shallow respiration in some patients and in others with marked dysautonomic features. A similar finding of central involvement of respiration was noted by Plum, who also stressed the importance of hypercapnia. Plum emphasized measurements of vital capacity and techniques to minimize trauma with suctioning after tracheostomy. These 3 neurologists understood the importance of airway and ventilator management, which is currently one of the many pillars of neurocritical care.
Intense deep blue exciplex electroluminescence from NPB/TPBi:PPh3O-based OLEDs and their intrinsic degradation mechanisms(Conference Presentation)

We describe intense and efficient deep blue (430 – 440 nm) exciplex emission from NPB/TPBi:PPh3O OLEDs where the luminous efficiency approaches 4 Cd/A and the maximal brightness exceeds 22,000 Cd/m2. Time resolved PL measurements confirm the exciplex emission from NPB:TPBi, as studied earlier by Monkman and coworkers [Adv. Mater. 25, 1455 (2013)]. However, the inclusion of PPh3O improves the OLED performance significantly. The effect of PPh3O on the EL and PL will be discussed. The NPB/TPBi:PPh3O-based OLEDs were also studied by optically and electrically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR and EDMR, respectively). In particular, the amplitude of the negative (EL- and current-quenching) spin 1/2 resonance, previously attributed to enhanced formation of strongly EL-quenching positive bipolarons, increases as the OLEDs degrade in a dry nitrogen atmosphere. This degradation mechanism is discussed in relation to degradation induced by hot polarons that are energized by exciton annihilation.
A Passive Mechanical Pantograph System for Measuring Tool Position During Minimally Invasive Surgery

Relatively little is known about the forces and displacements applied to tissues in minimally invasive surgical procedures. In previous research, we have measured forces and torques surgeons apply during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Nissen fundoplication. To better understand the biomechanics of the procedure, we want to measure the movements of the surgical tool using a passive mechanical "pantograph" system, utilizing lightweight aluminum and composite materials. With this data, surgeons' work and energy expenditures can be calculated. A mock-up of the system was tested in the operating room and found suitable for surgeons' use. Rotary potentiometers measure the position and orientation of the tool tip with 0.028mm of repeatability, as well as the amount of opening of the tool's jaws. The system can be constrained to allow movement in a single plane. Using the previously developed force-sensing tool, we will gather reaction force data at the abdominal wall interface and record the movements of the surgeons' instruments during a surgical procedure. This information will allow development of models of the abdominal wall for more accurate surgical simulators. (formerly M142)
Resistance Training: (Re)shaping Extreme Forms of Workplace Health Promotion:

As the number of workplace health initiatives grows, so does the variety of programming. This study examines a fitness apparel company’s attempts to promote a fitness culture through a particular brand of “extreme” fitness known as CrossFit. CrossFit is an intense fitness regimen that has generated controversy with a cult-like reputation. We looked at the evangelical promotion of CrossFit as a new corporate wellness initiative. Based on interviews and participant observations, we used a critical-interpretive lens to understand employee reactions to the extreme wellness initiative. The evangelical introduction of this program by management led to high rates of participation, influencing employee perceptions of health, fitness, and identity. Yet, we also found that employee resistance emerged, which helped to mark the limits of this managerial intervention in workplace fitness. Ultimately, the study advocates for more co-construction of workplace wellness initiatives.
Understanding aerosol-cloud interactions in the development of orographic cumulus congestus during IPHEx

Abstract. A new cloud parcel model (CPM) including activation, condensation, collision-coalescence, and lateral entrainment processes is presented here to investigate aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) in cumulus development prior to rainfall onset. The CPM was employed along with ground based radar and surface aerosol measurements to predict the vertical structure of cloud formation at early stages and evaluated against airborne observations of cloud microphysics and thermodynamic conditions during the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) over the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Further, the CPM was applied to explore the space of ACI physical parameters controlling cumulus congestus growth not available from measurements, and to examine how variations in aerosol properties and microphysical processes influence the evolution and thermodynamic state of clouds over complex terrain via sensitivity analysis. Modelling results indicate that aerosol-cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) closure is achieved optimally to ~ 1.3 % of the observations for condensation coefficient (ac) = 0.01 and within 5 % for 0.01
Work Function Engineering for Performance Improvement in Leaky Negative Capacitance FETs

We analyze the effects of ferroelectric leakage on the performance of a negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NCFET), which has an intermediatemetallic layer between the ferroelectric and the high-K dielectric. We show that, when designed without taking the dielectric leakage into account, the NCFET performance can actually degrade significantlywith respect to that of the baseline FET. To overcome these detrimental effects of leakage, we propose the concept of work-function engineering, where metals of dissimilar work-functions are used for the external gate electrode and the intermediate metallic layer. Using this approach, the ferroelectric charge–voltage characteristic is shifted along the voltage axis, which results in superior performance of the NCFET.
Simple data and workflow management with the signac framework

Abstract Researchers in the fields of materials science, chemistry, and computational physics are regularly posed with the challenge of managing large and heterogeneous data spaces. The amount of data increases in lockstep with computational efficiency multiplied by the amount of available computational resources, which shifts the bottleneck in the scientific process from data acquisition to data processing and analysis. We present a framework designed to aid in the integration of various specialized data formats, tools and workflows. The signac framework provides all basic components required to create a well-defined and thus collectively accessible and searchable data space, simplifying data access and modification through a homogeneous data interface that is largely agnostic to the data source, i.e., computation or experiment. The framework’s data model is designed to not require absolute commitment to the presented implementation, simplifying adaption into existing data sets and workflows. This approach not only increases the efficiency with which scientific results can be produced, but also significantly lowers barriers for collaborations requiring shared data access.
CHRONOTROPIC RESPONSE PREDICTS EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH REPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

The determinants of exercise performance in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are not well understood. We sought to evaluate the association of heart rate reserve with measures of exercise performance in a large cohort of patients with TOF. We retrospectively analyzed a cross-sectional cohort of patients
Coarse-to-Fine Machine Translation Decoding

In machine translation we want to translate sentences from a source language, say French, into a target language, say English. Building such a system involves learning a translation model from a large bilingual corpus, and then using this model to translate previously unseen sentences from the source language into the target language. While the estimation of the translation model is in itself a complex and unsolved problem, that could be addressed with coarse-to-fine learning techniques, in this chapter we will focus on how to accelerate the translation process once the model has been learned.