cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Child and adolescent injuries: a new agenda for child health.

Injuries are a major cause of death and disability worldwide and account for more than five million deaths each year; a disproportionate share of this burden is borne by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 Injuries are also among the 10 leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children aged 1–15 years. It is estimated that more than 875 000 children under 18 years of age die annually as a result of all injuries, over 90% of which are unintentional.1 In addition to the loss in mortality, for every child who dies, several thousand children live with injury-induced disability.2 The resulting need for care and rehabilitation has a substantial impact on the child’s future potential, and places a financial and emotional burden on the family. Globally, 98% of all childhood unintentional injuries occur in LMICs, where they have now reached epidemic proportions. In Bangladesh, for example, injuries …
“scientific basis of wound closure techniques.” evaluation of a new training program

Abstract A formal training program in wound repair entitled “Scientific Basis of Wound Closure Techniques” has been developed and is accredited by the Dannemiller Memorial Educational Foundation. This course is now available at no cost to medical schools, residencies, and continuing education programs for graduate physicians. A manual with its complementing videotape allow the course participant to gain the necessary psychomotor skills to repair wounds. Evaluation of the course taken by third-year medical students and first-year residents demonstrates a high level of satisfaction. After instituting the course, there was a noticeable change in the types of barriers, instruments, and wound closure techniques practiced in our emergency department.
From unemployment to golden age capital accumulation in a two-sector growth model

Abstract This paper investigates the level of capital accumulation required for an economy to arrive at the golden age. It assumes a two-sector balanced growth model in which labor may not be fully employed initially and the growing economy arrives at the stage of full employment within a finite time horizon. The paper determines the requisite level of capital accumulation at the threshold of the golden age and thereafter.
A Methodology to Transform an OS-Based Application to a Bare Machine Application

This paper describes a novel approach to transform application programs that run with the support of an operating system or kernel to bare machine applications that run with no intermediary software of any kind in the machine. The general transformation methodology is based on a simple model that views application software as code with system header files and calls. These files and underlying system calls are removed in order to transform the application without understanding details of the application or its internal behavior. A Windows SQLite database engine application is chosen to illustrate the transformation process, and the transformed application is run on a bare PC to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. The Microsoft Windows Visual Studio environment (IDE) is used to facilitate the transformation process. Sample database queries are run on a bare PC, and also in Visual Studio, and the results are validated by comparison. Currently, the application code is transformed manually, however, the experiences and skills acquired could be leveraged to develop an automated tool in the future. This methodology and transformation model serves as a basis for converting a variety of applications and other software to run on bare machines by achieving automatic ubiquity without a need for a virtual machine. When the general transformation methodology is fully tested, made robust, and automated, existing computer software can be transformed with little effort to make them independent of any operating environment.
EFFECT OF MICROWAVE BLANCHING ON THE COLOR AND COMPOSITION OF STRAWBERRY CONCENTRATE

The influence of native enzymes on the color and composition of strawberry juice and concentrate was investigated through analyses of juice and concentrate which had been made from microwave-blanched and from unheated fruit. Changes in anthocyanin (ACN) pigment, leucoanthocyanins, flavanols, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid were monitored during 8 wk storage at 20°C; Hunter color parameters, polymeric color, and browning were also measured. Blanching results in improved color stability and has a protective effect on ACN pigments, reactive phenolics, and ascorbic acid. Blanched strawberry concentrate browns slower than the control. Monomeric ACN pigment undergoes rapid degradation to form polymeric pigments which are resistant to bisulfite bleaching.
Antibody synthesis and immunological memory in concanavalin A-treated mice.

The effects of concanavalin A (Con A) on murine plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep erythrocytes in vivo are described. Both IgM and IgG PFC responses were profoundly suppressed in mice injected with 50 μg or more of Con A 1–2 days before immunization. Conversely, injection with Con A 1–3 days after immunization enhanced PFC responses. Immune responses were also markedly depressed in mice injected with Con A before irradiation and subsequent reconstitution with normal spleen cells. Suppression of immune responses derived primarily from potent inhibitory influences expressed during the phase of exponential PFC proliferation. Secondary immune responses were comparably suppressed by administration of Con A prior to secondary immunization. In marked contrast to the effects of Con A on antibody synthesis, however, development of immunologic memory was not inhibited by injection of Con A prior to primary immunization. The data therefore suggest that development of antibody responses and the generation of memory cell pools may be independently regulated.
Spatial connectedness of plant species: potential links for apparent competition via plant diseases

This study evaluated the reactions of seven common C4 grasses of the tallgrass prairie of the USA Great Plains to the economically important wheat pathogens Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) isolated from wheat. The P. tritici-repentis isolates (race 1) were pathogenic on all grasses tested, but symptom severity was markedly low. Three of the grass species inoculated with Ggt were highly susceptible, while four species exhibited no symptoms. Because measures of connectedness can provide a proxy for population processes, connectedness was evaluated within and among the seven grass species in representative tallgrass prairie environments for all potential pathogen-sharing patterns. Andropogon gerardii was ubiquitous, so all plant species were well connected to it. Andropogon scoparius (= Schizachyrium scoparium), Sorghastrum nutans and Panicum virgatum were fairly common but specialized to particular environments. Bouteloua curtipendula was uncommon but occurred in all environments, while Buchlo€e dactyloides and Bouteloua gracilis were uncommon and only occurred in upland sites. Co-occurrence of plant species was generally not reciprocal in that, for many species pairs, species A rarely occurred without potential exposure to inoculum from species B, while species B commonly occurred without species A. The three grass species susceptible to Ggt may act as sources of inoculum for each other within tallgrass prairie, with the potential to influence fitness, and tallgrass prairie and commercial wheat ecosystems in the Great Plains also have the potential to share both pathogens.
The short-period eclipsing binary V1010 Ophiuchi does it have an eccentric orbit?

V1010 Oph is an unusually complicated close binary. Leung and Wilson (1977) found the system had an overcontact configuration. Subsequently, Margoniet al. (1981) claimed that the system had an eccentric orbit withe=0.25 based upon their spectroscopic study. We computed a theoretical radial velocity curve (accounting for tidal, reflection, and eclipse effects) based on the photometric parameters (e.g.,e=0) of Leung and Wilson. The computed curve fits the Asiago and Kitt Peak data very well. It is suggested that the asymmetry in the observed radial velocity arose from tidal, reflection, and eclipse effects rather than from orbital eccentricity. Other arguments against an eccentric orbit for V1010 Oph are also discussed. It is concluded that the eccentricity derived from the spectroscopic study may be spurious.
Rate-dependent transition from tensile damage to discrete fracture in dynamic brittle failure

Based on the work for a combined damage/plasticity model of geologic materials and the bifurcation analysis of material failure, an analytical framework is established to study the rate-dependent transition from continuum damage to discrete fracture in dynamic brittle failure. Because of the simple formulation, a vectorized constitutive model solver can be designed for large-scale computer simulation. A continuum tangent stiffness tensor is invoked for the tensile damage evolution such that the bifurcation analysis can be performed to identify the initiation and orientation of tensile failure. It is shown that the orientation of tensile failure is rate-independent although the limit state is rate-dependent for the rate-dependent tensile damage model. Sample problems are considered to demonstrate the features of the proposed approach.
Comparison of FRF measurements and mode shapes determined using optically image based, laser, and accelerometer measurements

Abstract Today, accelerometers and laser Doppler vibrometers are widely accepted as valid measurement tools for structural dynamic measurements. However, limitations of these transducers prevent the accurate measurement of some phenomena. For example, accelerometers typically measure motion at a limited number of discrete points and can mass load a structure. Scanning laser vibrometers have a very wide frequency range and can measure many points without mass-loading, but are sensitive to large displacements and can have lengthy acquisition times due to sequential measurements. Image-based stereo-photogrammetry techniques provide additional measurement capabilities that compliment the current array of measurement systems by providing an alternative that favors high-displacement and low-frequency vibrations typically difficult to measure with accelerometers and laser vibrometers. Within this paper, digital image correlation, three-dimensional (3D) point-tracking, 3D laser vibrometry, and accelerometer measurements are all used to measure the dynamics of a structure to compare each of the techniques. Each approach has its benefits and drawbacks, so comparative measurements are made using these approaches to show some of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Additionally, the displacements determined using 3D point-tracking are used to calculate frequency response functions, from which mode shapes are extracted. The image-based frequency response functions (FRFs) are compared to those obtained by collocated accelerometers. Extracted mode shapes are then compared to those of a previously validated finite element model (FEM) of the test structure and are shown to have excellent agreement between the FEM and the conventional measurement approaches when compared using the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) and Pseudo-Orthogonality Check (POC).
Gendered boundaries in motion: Space and identity on the Sino‐Tibetan frontier

In this article I explore the gendered nature of religious revitalization in the Tibetan Buddhist monastery town of Labrang in southwest Gansu Province, China. Post-Mao reforms in China allowed Tibetans to resume religious practices and rebuild Buddhist institutions proscribed during the Cultural Revolution, and by the early 1990s Tibetans in Labrang were rapidly revitalizing the famous monastery that had once ruled this region along the Sino-Tibetan frontier. I draw on the work of recent theorists of space, place, and identity to analyze the complex identity politics surrounding this project by conceptualizing spatial, ethnic, and national boundaries as emergent intersections of gendered practices among differently positioned actors. I focus on the Tibetan practice of circumambulation as the key activity that reproduced the sacred centricity and power of the monastery. I demonstrate that in contemporary Labrang, women, as principal circumambulators and household laborers, were doubly burdened with shoring up the core of the Tibetan community in the midst of intense assimilation pressures.
COUPLING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY TO A BOUNDED ONE-DIMENSIONAL INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMA

Abstract Employing the linearized hydrodynamic approach, the problem of coupling of electromagnetic energy to a one-dimensional inhomogoneous plasma bounded on one side by a metallic conductor is discussed in detail. The existence and effects of coupling of transverse electromagnetic and longitudinal plasma waves are explored. It is interpreted that under the influence of incident electromagnetic energy, the plasma sheath, when lossy, expands. It is shown that under some conditions a type of surface wave may be excited and also that in some cases a portion of the energy coupled to the plasma electrons is carried away when a (plasma) flow is present.
Differential healing and neovascularization of ePTFE implants in subcutaneous versus adipose tissue

The preclinical evaluation of polymer biocompatibility is often performed using animal subcutaneous implant models. The choice of subcutaneous tissue as the implant site is due to a number of factors including simplicity of the surgery involved. Results from subcutaneous implants cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other tissues due to the differences in cellular composition of tissues. We have evaluated and compared the healing characteristics of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) discs implanted in either subcutaneous tissue or epididymal fat pad tissue in rats. Following 3 and 5 weeks of implantation, the healing characteristics of discs were evaluated histologically with particular emphasis on tissue and polymer neovascularization. Implants placed in subcutaneous tissue exhibited limited formation of new microvascular elements within and directly in contact with the polymer, and the formation of an extensive fibrous capsule. In contrast, ePTFE implanted in the epididymal fat pads of rats exhibited extensive neovascularization of tissue surrounding the polymer, penetration of these microvascular cells into the graft interstices for distances 100 microns and no morphological evidence of a fibrous capsule. The rat epididymal fat pad provides an alternative tissue for polymer healing evaluations. Due to the extensive presence of fat in subcutaneous tissue in humans, we suggest the fat pad model provides a more relevant preclinical evaluation of the healing characteristics of polymers used clinically in anatomic positions which contain significant amounts of fat. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intravesical instillation of gentamicin sulfate: In vitro, rat, canine, and human studies

Abstract Objective. Intravesical instillation of gentamicin sulfate has been used empirically as prophylaxis and to treat bacilluria in spinal-cord-injured patients undergoing clean intermittent catheterization. To assess the risks of absorption and the effects of storage conditions on antimicrobial potency, a series of studies were conducted. Methods. Four studies were carried out: (1) An infected fulgurated rat bladder model was created to determine the effects of inflammation and infection on absorption. (2) A canine model with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and elevated bladder pressures (> 40 cmH 2 O) assessed the effects of reflux and storage pressure. (3) The effects in patients with associated conditions including renal transplantation, myelomeningocele, vesicoureteral reflux, and bladder augmentation, were analyzed. (4) To determine the effects of storage conditions, solutions of gentamicin sulfate (480 mg gentamicin sulfate in 1 L 0.9% NaCI) were made that controlled for pH, storage temperature, and duration. Results. (1) Increased absorption was found in 43 percent of rat serum samples. (2) None of the dogs demonstrated measurable absorption. (3) None of the patients likewise had measurable absorption. (4) All solutions were equally potent when tested against a panel of common urinary pathogens. Storage up to two months at room temperature without alkalinization had no effect on potency. Conclusions. Instilled intravesical gentamicin sulfate has a low risk of absorption and is highly effective. Severe bladder inflammation can increase transvesical absorption. It has prolonged stability without special storage conditions and should be considered as a route of prophylaxis in patients who perform intermittent catheterization.
Metabolism of nicotine in Nicotiana glauca

Abstract A mixture of (−)-nicotine-[2′-3H] and (±)-nicotine-[2′-14C] was administered to Nicotiana glauca plants for 3 days, resulting in the formation of radioactive nornicotine (49·5% incorporation) and myosmine (2·05% incorporation). Negligible activity was detected in anabasine, cotinine, or 3-acetylpyridine, the last two compounds being added as carriers to the harvested plants. The radioactive nornicotine consisted of 48% (−)-nornicotine-[2′-14C,3H] and 52% (+)-nornicotine-[2′-14C]. Thus if (+)-nornicotine is formed from (−)-nicotine the transformation must involve loss of the hydrogen from C-2′. Myosmine is presumably formed from nicotine via nornicotine. However by feeding myosmine-[2′-14C] to N. glauca it was shown that the dehydrogenation is not reversible, no activity being detected in nornicotine. Nicotinic acid (0·14% incorporation) was a metabolite of myosmine-[2′-14C]. Essentially all the activity of the nicotinic acid was located on its carboxyl group, indicating that myosmine was a direct precursor.
Minimum resolution for human face detection and identification

Our goal is to build an automated system for face recognition. Such a system for a realistic application is likely to have thousands, possibly miffions of faces. Hence, it is essential to have a compact representation for a face. So an important issue is the minimum spatial and grayscale resolutions necessary for a pattern to be detected as a face and then identified. Several experiments were performed to estimate these limits using a collection of 64 faces imaged under very different conditions. All experiments were performed using human observers. The results indicate that there is enough information in 32 x32 x 4bpp images for human eyes to detect and identify the faces. Thus an automated system could represent a face using only 512 bytes.
[(2-(Trimethylammonium)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl]tricarbonylmetalates: Group VI Metal Zwitterions

Zwitterionic [(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl]tricarbonylmetalates, M(CO)3(η5-CpNMe) (M = Cr (7), Mo (8), W (9)), provide useful models to assess intramolecular through-space electrostatic interactions on the reactivity of formally negatively charged metals. The C3v M(CO)3 units in these zwitterions appear largely unperturbed by the tethered 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl group; neither significant intra- nor intermolecular ion pairing occurs either in solution or in the solid state. Although the donor ability of the Cp group in these zwitterions is essentially identical with that in [M(CO)3(η5-Cp)]- on the basis of spectroscopic and crystallographic data, the metal-based reactivity of 7−9 appears to be decreased relative to that of [M(CO)3(η5-Cp)]-. While the latter reacts with HCl, AuPPh3Cl, CH3I, and I2 to provide robust M(II) complexes, isolable products could only be obtained from reactions of 7−9 with I2 and CH3I. One important strategy in the design of zwitterionic organometalates is that ...
Development and Validation of Automated 2D–3D Bronchial Airway Matching to Track Changes in Regional Bronchial Morphology Using Serial Low-Dose Chest CT Scans in Children with Chronic Lung Disease

To address potential concern for cumulative radiation exposure with serial spiral chest computed tomography (CT) scans in children with chronic lung disease, we developed an approach to match bronchial airways on low-dose spiral and low-dose high-resolution CT (HRCT) chest images to allow serial comparisons. An automated algorithm matches the position and orientation of bronchial airways obtained from HRCT slices with those in the spiral CT scan. To validate this algorithm, we compared manual matching vs automatic matching of bronchial airways in three pediatric patients. The mean absolute percentage difference between the manually matched spiral CT airway and the index HRCT airways were 9.4 ± 8.5% for the internal diameter measurements, 6.0 ± 4.1% for the outer diameter measurements, and 10.1 ± 9.3% for the wall thickness measurements. The mean absolute percentage difference between the automatically matched spiral CT airway measurements and index HRCT airway measurements were 9.2 ± 8.6% for the inner diameter, 5.8 ± 4.5% for the outer diameter, and 9.9 ± 9.5% for the wall thickness. The overall difference between manual and automated methods was 2.1 ± 1.2%, which was significantly less than the interuser variability of 5.1 ± 4.6% (p < 0.05). Tests of equivalence had p < 0.05, demonstrating no significant difference between the two methods. The time required for matching was significantly reduced in the automated method (p < 0.01) and was as accurate as manual matching, allowing efficient comparison of airways obtained on low-dose spiral CT imaging with low-dose HRCT scans.
Least expected cost query optimization: what can we expect?

A standard assumption in the database query optimization literature is that it suffices to optimize for the "typical" case---that is, the case in which various parameters (e.g., the amount of available memory, the selectivities of predicates, etc.) take on their "typical" values. It was claimed in [CHS99] that we could do better by choosing plans based on their expected cost. Here we investigate this issue more thoroughly. We show that in many circumstances of interest, a "typical" value of the parameter often does give acceptable answers, provided that it is chosen carefully and we are interested only in minimizing expected running time. However, by minimizing the expected running time, we are effectively assuming that if plan p1 runs three times as long as plan p2, then p1 is exactly three times as bad as p2. An assumption like this is not always appropriate. We show that focusing on least expected cost can lead to significant improvement for a number of cost functions of interest.
Dopamine is required for learning and forgetting in Drosophila.

Psychological studies in humans and behavioral studies of model organisms suggest that forgetting is a common and biologically regulated process, but the molecular, cellular, and circuit mechanisms underlying forgetting are poorly understood. Here we show that the bidirectional modulation of a small subset of dopamine neurons (DANs) after olfactory learning regulates the rate of forgetting of both punishing (aversive) and rewarding (appetitive) memories. Two of these DANs, MP1 and MV1, exhibit synchronized ongoing activity in the mushroom body neuropil in alive and awake flies before and after learning, as revealed by functional cellular imaging. Furthermore, while the mushroom-body-expressed dDA1 dopamine receptor is essential for the acquisition of memory, we show that the dopamine receptor DAMB, also highly expressed in mushroom body neurons, is required for forgetting. We propose a dual role for dopamine: memory acquisition through dDA1 signaling and forgetting through DAMB signaling in the mushroom body neurons.
The identification of ergosterol and Δ9(11)-dehydroergosterol from mycelia ofCoccidioides immitis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid and gas chromatography and ultraviolet and mass spectrometry

Abstract A previous reported unidentified sterol, C28H42O, isolated from arthrospores and mycelia ofCoccidioides immitis, is identified here as Δ9(11)-dehydroergosterol (ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3β-ol) by reverse-phase high-performance liquid and gas-liquid chromatography and ultraviolet and mass spectrometry. In addition, ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) and Δ9(11)-dehydroergosterol were found as fatty acid esters in approximate ratios of 3:1, respectively, in fresh acetone extracts of 4-day mycelial growth of several strains ofC. immitis.
Inherited erythrocyte Syruvate kinase eficiency in the West Highland white terrier

An eight-month-old male West Highland white terrier (WHWT) presented with mild exercise intolerance and splenomegaly caused by a severe and highly regenerative haemolytic anaemia that persisted until the dog died at two years of age. There was marked erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow and progressive osteosclerosis. Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency was confirmed by demonstrating a block in glycolysis at the PK step, abnormal erythrocyte PK kinetics, absence of R-type PK isoenzyme, and the presence of M2-type PK not normally expressed in erythrocytes. From the study of family members it is concluded that erythrocyte PK deficiency in the WHWT is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Heterozygotes have about half-normal erythrocyte PK activity, do not express the M2-type PK isoenzyme and are asymptomatic. This disease closely resembles erythrocyte PK deficiency in the basenji breed and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young dogs with severe haemolytic anaemia.
Adenosine inhibits cell division and promotes neurite extension in PC12 cells

Low concentrations (10-50 microM) of adenosine (EC50 = 17 microM) or chloroadenosine (EC50 = 23 microM) prevent the division of PC12 cells. This inhibition is not mimicked by guanosine, inosine, 3',5' dideoxyadenosine, phenylisopropyladenosine, or adenylylimidodiphosphate. The growth inhibition is not relieved by addition of uridine or deoxycytidine, nor is it potentiated by homocysteine thiolactone. Inhibition of adenosine uptake does not inhibit adenosine-dependent growth arrest. PC12 variants that are deficient in adenosine kinase are as sensitive as wild-type cells to the growth-inhibitory effects of adenosine. These experiments suggest that adenosine prevents cell division at an adenosine receptor rather than acting after being metabolically altered. The adenosine receptor that inhibits cell division does not appear to be the adenosine receptor that stimulates adenylate cyclase for these reasons: (1) phenylisopropyladenosine, which is a potent agonist of this receptor, does not inhibit cell division; (2) 3',5' dideoxyadenosine does not antagonize the effect of adenosine on cell division; and (3) theophylline does not affect growth inhibition by adenosine. Thus, these experiments suggest the existence of a second adenosine receptor that can inhibit cell division. Adenosine also promotes the morphological differentiation of PC12 cells. In the presence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenosine (EHNA), adenosine causes the formation of short neurites (one-half to one and one-half cell diameters in length). Adenosine also increases the rate of neurite formation of both long and short neurites in response to NGF.
Redistribution of U-snRNPs during mitosis

Abstract In this study we examined the distribution of U-snRNPs during mitosis using a monoclonal antibody which recognizes the 28 kD protein associated with U-snRNP particles. During interphase U-snRNPs are concentrated within discrete intranuclear protein clusters. The onset of mitosis is accompanied by a breakdown of these nuclear protein clusters and U-snRNPs are redistributed between the condensing chromosomes. During metaphase and anaphase, two populations of U-snRNPs can be identified: those associated with the chromosome surface and a ‘free’ form distributed throughout the cytoplasm. During telophase, the reformation of nuclear protein clusters appears to be associated with the chromosome surface and coincides with chromatin decondensation. These studies suggest that the interphase assembly of nuclear domains containing U-snRNPs is sensitive to the transcriptionally active or decondensed state of chromatin.
Global Effect of Inauhzin on Human p53-Responsive Transcriptome

Background Previously, we reported that Inauhzin (INZ) induces p53 activity and suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting Sirt1. However, it remains unknown whether INZ may globally affect p53-dependent gene expression or not. Herein, we have conducted microarray and real-time PCR analyses of gene expression to determine the global effect of INZ on human p53-responsive transcriptome. Methodology/principal findings In this study, we conducted microarray analysis followed by PCR validation of general gene expression in HCT116(p53+/+) and HCT116(p53-/-) cells treated with or without INZ. Microarray data showed that 324 genes were up-regulated by ≥ 2.3-fold and 266 genes were down-regulated by ≥ 2-fold in response to INZ treatment in a p53-dependent manner. GO analysis for these genes further revealed that INZ affects several biological processes, including apoptosis (GO:0006915), cell cycle (GO:0007049), immune system process (GO:0002376), and cell adhesion (GO:0007155), which are in line with p53 functions in cells. Also, pathway and STRING analyses of these genes indicated that the p53-signaling pathway is the most significant pathway responsive to INZ treatment as predicted, since a number of these p53 target genes have been previously reported and some of them were validated by RT-qPCR. Finally, among the 9 tested and highly expressed genes, ACBD4, APOBEC3C, and FLJ14327 could be novel p53 target genes, for they were up-regulated by INZ in HCT116(p53+/+) cells, but not in HCT116(p53-/-) cells. Conclusions/significance From our whole genome microarray analysis followed by validation with RT-qPCR, we found that INZ can indeed induce the expression of p53 target genes at a larger scale or globally. Our findings not only verify that INZ indeed activates the p53 signaling pathway, but also provide useful information for identifying novel INZ and/or p53 targets. The global effect of INZ on human p53-responsive transcriptome could also be instrumental to the future design of INZ clinical trials.
Constructing spherical panoramas of a bladder phantom from endoscopic video using bundle adjustment

The high recurrence rate of bladder cancer requires patients to undergo frequent surveillance screenings over their lifetime following initial diagnosis and resection. Our laboratory is developing panoramic stitching software that would compile several minutes of cystoscopic video into a single panoramic image, covering the entire bladder, for review by an urolgist at a later time or remote location. Global alignment of video frames is achieved by using a bundle adjuster that simultaneously recovers both the 3D structure of the bladder as well as the scope motion using only the video frames as input. The result of the algorithm is a complete 360° spherical panorama of the outer surface. The details of the software algorithms are presented here along with results from both a virtual cystoscopy as well from real endoscopic imaging of a bladder phantom. The software successfully stitched several hundred video frames into a single panoramic with subpixel accuracy and with no knowledge of the intrinsic camera properties, such as focal length and radial distortion. In the discussion, we outline future work in development of the software as well as identifying factors pertinent to clinical translation of this technology.
Finding a maximum independent set in a permutation graph

Abstract This paper presents an O( n log n ) algorithm for finding a maximum independent set in a permutation graph.
Polymorphism of the major histocompatibility locus in the wild Norway rat

Specific alloantisera against the eight Ag-B groups found in inbred strains of rats were capable of reacting with all wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) tested. Absorption studies, antisera production, and progeny testing involving wild rats showed that the antigenic specificities detected in the wild rat population were similar, if not identical, to the Ag-B antigens present in inbred strains. Xenoantisera prepared in rabbits against rat erythrocyte antigens (Ag-C1 and/or C2) reacted with erythrocytes from each wild rat tested. Progeny testing involving these erythrocyte antigens was identical to that observed in inbred strains. The restricted genetic polymorphism of theAg-B alleles in the wild rat population suggests that the functional and evolutionary significance of the major histocompatibility complex in the rat may not depend upon a high degree of genetic variability.
Thermodynamic modeling of martensitic phase transformations

The unusual properties of shape memory alloys (SMAs) are due to solid-to-solid martensitic phase transformations (MPTs) which correspond to a lattice level instability of the crystal structure. The high temperature phase is usually a high symmetry structure and is called the austenite phase whereas the low temperature phase has a low symmetry and is called the martensite phase. Currently, there exists a shortage of material models of MPTs based on the material's atomic composition and crystal structure that would lead to computational discovery of new improved SMAs. The present work develops a lattice dynamics model using a first-order self-consistent approach based on statistical perturbation theory that aims to capture the qualitative and ultimately quantitative behavior of MPTs. In particular, the atomic interactions are modeled using Morse pair potentials. The effects of atomic vibrations on the material properties are captured by renormalizing the frequencies of atomic vibration using self-consistent equations. These renormalized frequencies are dependent on both configuration and temperature. The model is applied for the case of a one dimensional bi-atomic chain. The constant Morse pair potential parameters are chosen to demonstrate the usefulness of the current model. The resulting model is evaluated by generating stress-free equilibrium paths with temperature as the loading parameter. These plots are generated using branch-following and bifurcation techniques. A second-order phase transformation (PT) is predicted which involves transformation from a high symmetry phase to a low symmetry phase as the temperature is decreased. Thus, the current model is able to capture the important aspect in MPTs, i.e., transformation from high symmetry phase to low symmetry phase as temperature is decreased. We believe that this model applied to three dimensional structures will be able to capture first-order MPTs that occur in SMAs. This qualitative prediction of a temperature-induced PT indicates the likely hood that the current model can be used for the computational discovery of new shape memory alloys. Such an undertaking would involve, first, determining the potential parameters of new alloys from first-principles calculations and, second, using these parameter values with the current self-consistent model to evaluate the shape memory behavior of the new previously unstudied materials.
Gender and Perceived Control in the Russian Federation

Abstract The consequences of the socioeconomic transition for male physical health in Russia are widely documented, but much less research examines psychological well-being and mental outlook, or how these outcomes differ for men and women in Russia. Exploring gender differences in personal control, an important aspect of psychological well-being, we find that, controlling for social and economic factors, Russian women report lower levels of control than men. Gender differences in the social determinants of perceived control highlight the importance of gender roles for understanding psychological stress and inform how social expectations differentially influence men's and women's paths to well-being in Russia.
Draft Genome Sequence of Kocuria sp. Strain UCD-OTCP (Phylum Actinobacteria).

ABSTRACT Here, we present the draft genome of Kocuria sp. strain UCD-OTCP, a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, isolated from a restaurant chair cushion. The assembly contains 3,791,485 bp (G+C content of 73%) and is contained in 68 scaffolds.
Age and technology: Adult learning performance in desktop virtual reality environments

The research project was conducted by the University of Arkansas Fort Smith (UAFS) and the Occupational Education virtual reality research team at Oklahoma State University with the purpose of the learning effects of desktop virtual reality (VR) in college and technical training. Participants were from the UAFS two year surgical Technicians program and students from a career tech center. The paper presents findings from a five-year program of research on desktop virtual reality (VR) in college and technical education and describes what the research team has discovered to be important factors in its successful implementation. It defines desktop VR, outlines theoretical and empirical foundations for desktop VR research, summarizes important findings from research on desktop VR in technical education, and draws conclusions regarding implementation and further research in this field.
To preserve or to develop? East Bay dredging project, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands

The Turks and Caicos Islands are currently in the midst of an economic revolution from a marine-based provisional economy to a tourism economy. East Bay, South Caicos, is currently under construction with plans for a 160-unit condominium complex. Included in the project plan is removal of seagrass beds in front of the development to make a sandy beach for tourists. The aims of this study were to (i) describe the bathymetry and benthic habitat coverage of East Bay before dredging takes place and (ii) perform an economic valuation on the turtle grass beds that will be dredged using ecosystem valuation and emergy analysis techniques. The bathymetry survey revealed shallow waters (<1.5 m) until the reef drop off (∼650 m offshore). Benthic habitat exhibits zonation following the general progression: sand plain, algal plain, seagrass, coral rubble and seagrass, rock and turf algae, and reef flat. Ecosystem services valued the proposed dredging area at USD $28,807 per year, compared to emergy analysis, which valued the proposed dredging site at USD $32,060 per year. The baselines presented in the study may facilitate a quantitative assessment of dredging impacts on turtle grass once dredging is complete and an economical cost-benefit-analysis of the dredging project to see whether the economic gains outweigh the ecological costs of dredging in front of the East Bay development.
Role of glycosylation in the H‐2‐restricted cytolysis of virus‐infected cells

The role of the oligosaccharide portions of cell surface glycoproteins in the susceptibility of virus-infected cells to H-2-restricted cytolysis was investigated by using the antibiotic tunicamycin (TM). TM inhibits the addition of sugars to the polypeptides of glycoproteins. TM treatment of P 815 cells before and during infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) inhibited glycosylation of proteins and reduced by about 50% the lysis of infected P 815 cells by VSV-immune, H-2-identical killer cells. In contrast, TM treatment had a modest inhibitory effect on cytolysis of P 815 cells by alloimmune effector cells. TM treatment did not inhibit the surface expression of either H-2 or VSV glycoprotein. Thus, glycosylation of H-2 and/or viral glycoprotein is a prerequisite for the lysis of infected cells by H-2-identical, VSV-immune cytotoxic cells.
Priming in item recognition: The organization of propositions in memory for text

A priming technique is presented that allows assessment of distances between propositional (idea) units in the memory representations of texts. A representation of the meaning of a paragraph can be obtained by listing the propositions of the paragraph and then connecting those propositions that share an argument. The resulting structure defines different relative distances among propositions. These different distances were reflected in different amounts of priming between words in Experiment 1 and between sentences in Experiment 2. When a test item (word or sentence) was immediately preceded in a list of test items by an item close in meaning structure, response time was faster than when the preceding item was farther away in meaning structure. Control experiments were performed that demonstrated that the priming effect resulted from new connections in memory and not from preexisting semantic relationships. In the discussion, problems with other methods of investigating text structure are discussed.
TU-E-T-6E-02: ABR Perspective On the ABR Written Exam

Goals of the American Board of Radiology: One of the main purposes of the American Board of Radiology is to certify medical doctors to practice Radiation Oncology in North America. Certification is issued to candidates who meet training requirements and who demonstrate their knowledge and proficiency by successfully completing comprehensive computer-based and oral examinations. The purpose of the computer-based cognitive examination covering physics is to test the candidate's knowledge of the principles of physics underlying the practice of radiation oncology. Accomplishments: Since 1989 the ABR has awarded 2442 certificates in Radiation Oncology. Between 1934 and 1989, 10,843 certificates were awarded in Radiology, a grouping that included both Diagnostic Radiologists and Radiation Oncologists. Resources to help physicists know what to teach: The ABR provides information on the certification process at its website (http://www.theabr.org/). Included at this website is a study guide for the cognitive examination. The guide is in the form of a detailed outline of topics covered by the exam. Upcoming changes: The current study guide is undergoing review and revision. Changes in the content are influenced by a number of sources including changes in Radiation Oncology such as technological advances and obsolescence, training requirements established by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, reports and recommendations issued by professional societies and commissions, and federal and state regulations.
Mutational Analysis and Secondary Structure Model of the RNP1-like Sequence Motif of Transcription Termination Factor Rho

The function of transcription termination factor Rho from Escherichia coli is dependent upon its ability to bind to specific sites on nascent RNA molecules. The roles of 19 individual amino acid residues (Ile49 to Ser67) in and near a phylogenetically conserved sequence segment of Rho that is similar to the RNP1 motif found in many RNA-binding proteins were examined by testing the phenotypic consequences of mutational changes that were introduced into rho by a random-sequence cassette mutagenesis procedure. The tests of each mutant included the ability of the cells to survive at 42 degrees C in the absence of wild-type rho, the efficiency of termination at a Rho-dependent terminator (lambdatR1) in vivo, the relative level of expression of the mutant protein, and the ability of some of the mutant proteins to bind RNA. The results revealed that residues in the RNP1-like sequence of DGFGFLR (residues 60 to 66) were more important than residues 49 to 59 for termination function and RNA binding, and identified three residues that were particularly sensitive to mutation: Asp60, Phe62 and Arg66. The properties of the mutants are consistent with a secondary structure model, derived from phylogenetic analysis, that has the RNP1-like sequence on one of the three beta-strands of an antiparallel beta-sheet with Asp60 and Gly61 in a turn and the side-chains of Phe62, Phe64 and Arg66 accessible on the same face of the beta-structure for interaction with RNA.
Multivariate synchrony modules identified through multiple subject community detection in functional brain networks

The functional connectivity of the human brain may be described by modeling interactions among its neural assemblies as a graph composed of vertices and edges. It has recently been shown that functional brain networks belong to a class of scale-free complex networks for which graphs have helped define an association between function and topology. These networks have been shown to possess a heterogenous structure composed of clusters, dense regions of strongly associated nodes, which represent multivariate relationships among nodes. Network clustering algorithms classify the nodes based on a similarity measure representing the bivariate relationships and similar to unsupervised learning is performed without a priori information. In this paper, we propose a method for partitioning a set of networks representing different subjects and reveal a community structure common to multiple subjects. We apply this community identifying algorithm to functional brain networks during a cognitive control task, in particular the error-related negativity (ERN), to evaluate how the brain organizes itself during error-monitoring.
The establishment of a bank of stored clinical bone marrow stromal cell products

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are being used to treat a variety of conditions. For many applications a supply of cryopreserved products that can be used for acute therapy is needed. The establishment of a bank of BMSC products from healthy third party donors is described. The recruitment of healthy subjects willing to donate marrow for BMSC production and the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) used for assessing potential donors, collecting marrow, culturing BMSCs and BMSC cryopreservation are described. Seventeen subjects were enrolled in our marrow collection protocol for BMSC production. Six of the 17 subjects were found to be ineligible during the donor screening process and one became ill and their donation was cancelled. Approximately 12 ml of marrow was aspirated from one posterior iliac crest of 10 donors; one donor donated twice. The BMSCs were initially cultured in T-75 flasks and then expanded for three passages in multilayer cell factories. The final BMSC product was packaged into units of 100 × 106 viable cells, cryopreserved and stored in a vapor phase liquid nitrogen tank under continuous monitoring. BMSC products meeting all lot release criteria were obtained from 8 of the 11 marrow collections. The rate of growth of the primary cultures was similar for all products except those generated from the two oldest donors. One lot did not meet the criteria for final release; its CD34 antigen expression was greater than the cut off set at 5%. The mean number of BMSC units obtained from each donor was 17 and ranged from 3 to 40. The production of large numbers of BMSCs from bone marrow aspirates of healthy donors is feasible, but is limited by the high number of donors that did not meet eligibility criteria and products that did not meet lot release criteria.
Vacuum Energy Density and Pressure Near Boundaries

In vacuum energy calculations with an ultraviolet cutoff, divergences arise that clearly are related to the physics of boundaries. We point out how to find the cut-off energy density and pressure most directly from a Green function. Then we discuss three apparent paradoxes arising in this work that are in various stages of resolution.
Spatial resolution of wrinkle patterns in thin elastic sheets at finite strain

Koiter's nonlinear plate theory is used to simulate the wrinkling patterns observed in stretched thin elastic sheets. The phenomenon considered is associated with wrinkle patterns distributed over the interior of the sheet, in regions where the stretching and bending energies are of the same order of magnitude. Numerical solutions to several equilibrium boundary-value problems are obtained by the method of dynamic relaxation based on a dissipative dynamical system and compared with existing experimental, numerical, and analytical results.