cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forward-angle elastic and quasielastic proton-nucleon cross sections and analyzing powers at 0. 8 GeV

Using a liquid deuterium target, 800 MeV quasielastic $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+n$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+p$ analyzing powers were measured over the center-of-momentum angular range 14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Elastic $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+p$ analyzing powers were measured over the center-of-momentum angular range 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-47\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} using a liquid hydrogen target, and elastic $p+p$ differential cross sections were obtained over the angular range 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} using CH and C${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ targets. The quasielastic $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+p$ data are in good agreement with existing elastic $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+p$ data, suggesting that the effects of final state interactions and Fermi motion averaging are small at this energy for the range of momentum transfer covered by these data. Results of phase shift analyses are reported, and the amplitudes important to microscopic analysis of 800 MeV $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}$+nucleus elastic differential cross section and analyzing power data are discussed. Use of these amplitudes to generate the microscopic Kerman-McManus-Thaler optical potential for 800 MeV $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}$+$^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ elastic scattering does not resolve the problems encountered previously concerning nuclear size information and poor fits to the analyzing power data.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{2}\mathrm{H}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, pn)p$, $^{2}\mathrm{H}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, pp)n$, $^{1}\mathrm{H}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, $^{1}\mathrm{H}(p, p)$; ${E}_{p,\mathrm{inc}}=800$ MeV; measured $p+p$ elastic $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ for $6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\le}90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$; measured $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+p$ elastic ${A}_{y}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ for $10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}}\ensuremath{\le}47\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$; measured $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+p$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}+n$ quasielastic ${A}_{y}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ for $14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\le}75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$; CH, C${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, liquid hydrogen and liquid deuterium targets; two arm coincidence for quasielastic; phase shift analyses; microscopic (KMT) optical model calculations for 800 MeV $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}$+$^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$.
Chromosomal position or virus mutation permits retrovirus expression in embryonal carcinoma cells

Retrovirus expression is restricted in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. To study how a virus can overcome this block, we selected and analyzed rare proviruses that are expressed in F9 cells. Our results indicate that provirus expression occurs by two different mechanisms: one provirus acquired a single base pair mutation in the retrovirus tRNA primer binding site, permitting provirus expression; expression of three proviruses was mediated by 5'-flanking DNA sequences. Surprisingly, five proviruses in 17 selected cell lines integrated into the same two distinct chromosomal regions, suggesting that the number of chromosomal positions in the cellular genome that allows virus expression is very limited. Our results suggest that genomic sequences that are actively transcribed in EC cells can be isolated by selection for retrovirus expression.
Effect of associated injuries and blood volume replacement on death, rehabilitation needs, and disability in blunt traumatic brain injury.

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of associated injuries on death, disability, rehabilitation needs, and cost in patients with blunt traumatic brain injury.DesignA retrospective case series analysis of 1,709 patients with blunt traumatic brain injury, or 37.2% of 4,590 consecutive blunt trauma patient
Elucidation of structure of novel macrolide antibiotics produced by mutant strains of Streptomyces fradiae.

The physicochemical characterization and proof of structure are reported for several new macrolide antibiotics related to tylosin which have been obtained by fermentation of mutant strains of Streptomyces fradiae.
Phylogenetic relationships of the endosymbionts of mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) based on 165 rDNA sequences

Abstract A portion of the gene coding for the 16S ribosomal RNA from the endosymbionts of three species of mealybugs [Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn), and Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Beardsley)] was cloned, sequenced, and compared to a homologous fragment from bacteria representative of aphid endosymbionts as well as major subdivisions of the Proteobacteria. Parsimony analysis of the sequences indicated that the mealybug endosymbionts are related and belong to the γ-subdivision; in contrast, previous studies showed that aphid endosymbionts are part of the -1-subdivision. These findings suggest that the endosymbiosis of mealybugs is a consequence of a single bacterial infection and indicate that this ancestor was different from the ancestor involved in aphid endosymbiosis.
Monodisperse Emulsion Generation via Drop Break Off in a Coflowing Stream

We describe an experimental technique for the production of highly monodisperse emulsions (with minimum achievable polydispersities <3%). The phase to be dispersed is introduced into a coflowing, surfactant-laden continuous phase via a tapered capillary. Drops detach from the capillary when the streamwise forces exceed the force due to interfacial tension. Drop size is a function of the capillary tip diameter, the velocity of the continuous phase, the extrusion rate, and the viscosities and interfacial tension of the two phases. Emulsions composed of a variety of fluids and with drop sizes ranging from 2 to 200 μm have been produced using this technique.
The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution: Statecraft and the Prospect of Armageddon

Robert Jervis argues here that the possibility of nuclear war has created a revolution in military strategy and international relations. He examines how the potential for nuclear Armageddon has changed the meaning of war, the psychology of statesmanship, and the formulation of military policy by the superpowers.
A design methodology for expert systems for diagnostic and repair

A description is given of a hypothetical expert diagnosis and repair system (EDARS), and it is shown what features and structures are desirable for a time-efficient and adaptable system. EDARS is used to diagnose and repair a system being monitored. EDARS uses a unique knowledge base which includes rules, past diagnosis information, and information to perform physical modeling of the system. EDARS has a sensing network used to monitor a 'sick' system, and a mechanical action network to execute commands in order to change the state of the monitored system. With the elimination of the human operator from the data collection and the data-processing phases, the system operates in a time-efficient manner. >
From castration-induced apoptosis of prostatic epithelium to the use of apoptotic genes in the treatment of prostate cancer.

: Current knowledge of the mechanisms regulating androgen-ablation-induced apoptosis is reviewed, and our efforts to develop a system in which genes of the apoptotic pathway are used to induce therapeutic apoptosis in experimental models of prostate cancer are described.
A source of plasma turbulence at the ionopause of Venus

The microscopic aspects of the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere of Venus are explored, in light of simultaneous suprathermal ion and low frequency electric field signal measurements by Pioneer Venus instruments which suggest that the two ionopause phenomena may be causally related. Both parallel and perpendicular propagating waves are examined for instability, in the presence of planetary ions added to the flowing ionosheath plasma, by linear Vlasov theory. While for the low beta plasma conditions of the ionopause neither electrostatic nor electromagnetic parallel propagating waves are found to be unstable, perpendicular propagating electrostatic waves are unstable and have the proper frequency-wavelength relation to be Doppler shifted into the observed 100-Hz channel.
Factors affecting plasmid production in Escherichia coli from a resource allocation standpoint

Background: Plasmids are being reconsidered as viable vector alternatives to viruses for gene therapies and vaccines because they are safer, non-toxic, and simpler to produce. Accordingly, there has been renewed interest in the production of plasmid DNA itself as the therapeutic endproduct of a bioprocess. Improvement to the best current yields and productivities of such emerging processes would help ensure economic feasibility on the industrial scale. Our goal, therefore, was to develop a stoichiometric model of Escherichia coli metabolism in order to (1) determine its maximum theoretical plasmid-producing capacity, and to (2) identify factors that significantly impact plasmid production. Results: Such a model was developed for the production of a high copy plasmid under conditions of batch aerobic growth on glucose minimal medium. The objective of the model was to maximize plasmid production. By employing certain constraints and examining the resulting flux distributions, several factors were determined that significantly impact plasmid yield. Acetate production and constitutive expression of the plasmid's antibiotic resistance marker exert negative effects, while low pyruvate kinase (Pyk) flux and the generation of NADPH by transhydrogenase activity offer positive effects. The highest theoretical yield (592 mg/g) resulted under conditions of no marker or acetate production, nil Pyk flux, and the maximum allowable transhydrogenase activity. For comparison, when these four fluxes were constrained to wild-type values, yields on the order of tens of mg/g resulted, which are on par with the best experimental yields reported to date. Conclusion: These results suggest that specific plasmid yields can theoretically reach 12 times their current experimental maximum (51 mg/g). Moreover, they imply that abolishing Pyk activity and/or transhydrogenase up-regulation would be useful strategies to implement when designing host strains for plasmid production; mutations that reduce acetate production would also be advantageous. The results further suggest that using some other means for plasmid selection than antibiotic resistance, or at least weakening the marker's expression, would be beneficial because it would allow more precursor metabolites, energy, and reducing power to be put toward plasmid production. Thus far, the impact of eliminating Pyk activity has been explored experimentally, with significantly higher plasmid yields resulting.
Reverse Multiple-Choice Based Clustering for Machine Learning and Knowledge Acquisition

A system of communication, where at least one communicant is a machine, may be based on "Reverse Multiple-Choice Method," introduced by the present author for teaching and testing, that employs novel techniques based on the familiar multiple-choice format. The method may be used to train a machine for knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence, or for a trained machine to assist a human being in teaching, training or testing.
Adaptive Control of Macroeconomic Models

This paper reports on the application of adaptive control techniques to a small macroeconometric model of the U.S. economy. Both monetary and fiscal policy variables are used in the model.
Class-dependent Canonical Correlation Analysis for scalable cross-lingual document categorization

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is used to infer a semantic space into which text documents, written in different languages, can be mapped to a language-independent representation, called latent topics. This highly reduces the complexity of dealing with different languages since we can train a document classifier using the labeled documents in one language, and then apply it to classify documents in another language. This topic modeling task is usually performed in a class-independent manner. The performance of CCA depends on the amount of documents used for inferring the semantic space. However, CCA has a high computational complexity with respect to the number of training documents. In this paper, we proposed a scalable variant of CCA, CD-CCA, to improve its scalability and complexity where the projection is performed in a class-dependent manner. It generates a semantic space for each category separately. Then a binary document classifier is trained for each category on its own semantic space. CD-CCA was applied on English-Chinese document classification. The experimental results showed that CD-CCA can deal with large training sets without hurting the performance of the underlying classifiers compared to traditional CCA. CD-CCA opens the door for distributed training of the semantic spaces of the different categories.
The CUGBP2 splicing factor regulates an ensemble of branchpoints from perimeter binding sites with implications for autoregulation.

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing adjusts the transcriptional output of the genome by generating related mRNAs from a single primary transcript, thereby expanding protein diversity. A fundamental unanswered question is how splicing factors achieve specificity in the selection of target substrates despite the recognition of information-poor sequence motifs. The CUGBP2 splicing regulator plays a key role in the brain region-specific silencing of the NI exon of the NMDA R1 receptor. However, the sequence motifs utilized by this factor for specific target exon selection and its role in splicing silencing are not understood. Here, we use chemical modification footprinting to map the contact sites of CUGBP2 to GU-rich motifs closely positioned at the boundaries of the branch sites of the NI exon, and we demonstrate a mechanistic role for this specific arrangement of motifs for the regulation of branchpoint formation. General support for a branch site-perimeter–binding model is indicated by the identification of a group of novel target exons with a similar configuration of motifs that are silenced by CUGBP2. These results reveal an autoregulatory role for CUGBP2 as indicated by its direct interaction with functionally significant RNA motifs surrounding the branch sites upstream of exon 6 of the CUGBP2 transcript itself. The perimeter-binding model explains how CUGBP2 can effectively embrace the branch site region to achieve the specificity needed for the selection of exon targets and the fine-tuning of alternative splicing patterns.
Why All This Jelly? Jacopo Zabarella and Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente on the Usefulness of the Vitreous Humor

At the end of the sixteenth century new anatomical knowledge led both empirically minded philosophers and philosophically minded anatomists to rethink theories of light, color, and vision in subtle but significant ways. In this paper I show how anatomy and philosophy conspired to understand the structure and the purpose of the parts of the eye in two important, but largely overlooked, works by professors at the University of Padua: the natural philosopher Jacopo Zabarella’s De visu (first published in 1590) and the anatomist and physician Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente’s De visione (1600). How they understood the roles of the various parts of the eye reveals much about the strategies different disciplines used to reconcile ancient authorities (particularly Galen and Aristotle) with new anatomical observations and experiments. Importantly, the two professors offer identical accounts of the size, shape, and clarity, as well as the usus (or Galeno-Aristotelian final cause), of the vitreous humor, the transparent gel that fills the space between the crystalline humor (or lens) and the retina. This account of the vitreous is at the center of a theory of vision that differs in crucial ways from previous perspectivists, natural philosophers, and anatomists. Given this striking similarity, I argue that the two must have interacted significantly at Padua. I also argue that (by way of a former student of Fabricius, the anatomist and physician Jan Jessenius) this theory of vision influenced Kepler’s revolutionary account in his Ad Vitellionem paralipomena (1604) in certain respects.
Assessing Family Psychosocial Risks in Pediatric Cancer

The premise of this chapter is that screening for broad multifaceted family psychosocial risk can identify psychosocial care needs for pediatric cancer patients and their families in an effective and inclusive manner, to facilitate efficient assessment and delivery of appropriate and specific evidence-based psychosocial care. This chapter provides an update on the psychosocial screening literature in pediatric cancer (Kazak et al. 2012). General approaches to screening are presented along with a detailed discussion of two specific empirically supported risk screening tools – the Distress Thermometer (DT) and the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT). Screening is presented as the first step in the necessary sequence of psychosocial care provision. The chapter contains a detailed discussion of implementing psychosocial risk screening in pediatric cancer, including related challenges.
Modernizing Medicare: Protecting America's Most Vulnerable Patients from Predatory Health Care Marketing Through Accessible Legal Remedies

Increasingly, senior citizens throughout the United States are victimized by aggressive and fraudulent health care marketing practices. Medicare Advantage and Part D prescription drug plans are health benefit options approved by the federal government but sold and administered by private insurance companies. The programs were created as part of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 and coverage became effective in 2006. Since that time, tens of thousands of Medicare beneficiaries have been victimized by deceptive sales tactics of insurers running Medicare's private plan options. Abusive marketing directly impacts the health of patients - by delaying access to urgently needed medications or denying coverage of medical treatments. Predatory marketing problems are aggravated by insufficient regulations and federal enforcement failures. Current Medicare marketing guidelines lack comprehensive protections for beneficiaries. Unfortunately, weak federal regulations preempt stronger state law protections. Inaction by federal regulatory agencies, coupled with broad preemption of state law, creates a legal fissure in which vulnerable Medicare patients are pitted against wealthy private insurers without accessible legal avenues for relief. This Note offers solutions to the weak regulation and enforcement gaps that facilitate marketing abuse. Specifically, this Note proposes delegating enforcement authority to states, employing existing state consumer protections, creating a private cause of action, and enhancing violation penalties.
Control for Rheumatoid Factor in the Latex Test for Cryptococcosis

The latex test has been advocated as a useful serologic test for cryptococcosis. In this test, soluble cryptococcal antigen in serum or cerebrospinal fluid agglutinates latex particles coated with rabbit anticryptococcal globulin. In a survey of 252 specimens of serum and cerebrospinal fluid, 9.5% exhibited a false positive reaction owing to rheumatoid factor. Twelve per cent of the 73 patients studied had at least one false positive specimen. A control was devised in which antiglobulin was detected by latex coated with normal rabbit globulin. With use of this control, the latex test compared very favorably with the overnight complement fixation test.
Inhibitors of Tolerance Development

Tolerance to opioids is a complex phenomenon that depends in large measure on dose and duration of treatment. Recently the use of pharmacological agents to prevent tolerance has permitted a sharper view of some of the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. In order to examine more easily some of the experiments involving inhibition of tolerance to opioids, a brief review of several of the proposed mechanisms seems appropriate. This subject will be more thoroughly reviewed elsewhere in this volume.
Constitutional Law and the Protection of Subnational Governments in the United States and West Germany

ments. In spite of the apparent differences that suggest greater legal protection for their autonomy, German states and local governments are now sharing most of their protected functions with the federal government in a complex system of intergovernmental relations. The Federal Constitutional Court has allowed numerous federal and/or state incursions in local government decisionmaking based on considerations of the common good. In the 1880s the first important steps toward the creation of the modern welfare state were taken in Germany; most other industrialized countries followed suit during the next fifty years. After World War II, basic welfare programs were expanded and refined throughout the West, with governments at all levels sharing in the administration, financing, and implementation of a widening range of tasks.' At the same time, growing numbers of persons, institutions, and activities in the private and public sectors fell under increasingly intrusive government regulations. For federal systems, the rapid growth in government programs and regulations raised serious questions about the traditional understandings of the powers of, and proper relationship between, the national government and regional and local governments.
Radiation Heat Transfer and Vapor Shielding in a Two-Dimensional Model of an Electrothermal Plasma Source

Electrothermal (ET) plasma discharges are emerging as valuable mechanisms for pellet injection in magnetic confinement fusion reactors. They have been shown to be capable of achieving the required pellet velocities and pellet launch frequencies required for edge localized mode control. Another advantage of ET plasma discharges is their ability to simulate fusion disruption events by depositing large heat fluxes on exposed materials. A deeper understanding of the heat transfer processes occurring in ET plasma discharges will aid in this particular application. ET plasma discharges involve the passage of high currents (order of tens of kA) along the axis of a narrow, cylindrical channel. As the current passes through the channel, radiant heat is transferred from the plasma core to the capillary wall. Ablated particles eventually fill the plasma channel and the partially ionized plasma is ejected. It is well known that the ablated material separating the plasma core from the ablating surface can act as a vapor shield and limit the radiation heat flux reaching the ablating surface. In this work, the results from a two-dimensional simulation model for ET plasma discharges are presented. The simulation of the plasma in a two-dimensional domain combined with the diffusion approximation for radiation heat transfer is shown to successfully simulate the effects of the vapor shield layer that develops inside these devices.
Survey and Analysis on Sleep Quality of midwifes from Class III A Level Hospitals in Guangzhou

Objective To investigate the sleep quality among midwifes in Class III A level hospitals in Guangzhou,in order to find the effective measures to improve their sleep quality. Methods Totally 196 midwifes and 284 nurses from three ClassⅢ A Level hospitals were investigated on the sleep quality,Self-Rating Scale of Sleep( SRSS) was used as tools. Results The score of SRSS was( 29.94 土 4.52) among midwifes,the difference of scores between midwifes and nurses is not significant; The score of item-"difficulty falling asleep","nightmare and pavornocturnus","reaction of losing sleep"in midwifes is significantly higher than that of nurse. Significant differences were also observed on the incidences of medium and serious sleep problems between midwifes and nurses( 44.5% VS 20%). The midwife quality was affected by different years of working night shift( P = 0.049). Conclusion The midwife prone to have"sleep difficulties","nightmares,night terrors"and "the response of insomnia and other sleep disorders",and the degree of sleep disorder aggravated with the night shift work life prolonged.
Learning Continuous State/Action Models for Humanoid Robots

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a popular choice for solving robotic control problems. However, applying RL techniques to controlling humanoid robots with high degrees of freedom remains problematic due to the difficulty of acquiring sufficient training data. The problem is compounded by the fact that most real-world problems involve continuous states and actions. In order for RL to be scalable to these situations it is crucial that the algorithm be sample efficient. Model-based methods tend to be more data efficient than model-free approaches and have the added advantage that a single model can generalize to multiple control problems. This paper proposes a model approximation algorithm for continuous states and actions that integrates case-based reasoning (CBR) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to generalize from a small set of state instances. The paper demonstrates that the performance of the learned model is close to that of the system dynamics it approximates, where performance is measured in terms of sampling error.
Radio frequency switching network: a technique for infrared sensing

This paper describes a unique technique that implements photoconductive sensors in a radio frequency (RF) switching network designed to locate in real-time the position and intensity of IR radiation incident on a composite structure. In the implementation described here, photoconductive sensors act as rapid response switches in a two-layer RF network embedded in an FR-4 laminate. To detect radiation, phosphorous-doped silicon photoconductive sensors are inserted in GHz range RF transmission lines. By permitting signal propagation only when a sensor is illuminated, the RF signals are selectively routed from lower layer transmission lines to upper layer lines, thereby pinpointing the location and strength of incident radiation. Simulations based on a high frequency three-dimensional planar electromagnetics model are presented and compared to the experimental results. The experimental results are described for GHz range RF signal control for 300- and 180-mW incident energy from 975- to 1060-nm wavelength lasers, respectively, where upon illumination, RF transmission line signal output power doubled when compared to nonilluminated results. The experimental results are also reported for 100-W incident energy from a 1060-nm laser. Test results illustrate real-time signal processing would permit a structure to be controlled in response to incident radiation.
ABRA CADABRA: Magically Increasing Network Utilization in Tor by Avoiding Bottlenecks

Like many routing protocols, the Tor anonymity network has decentralized path selection, in that clients locally and independently choose paths. As a result, network resources may be left idle, leaving the system in a suboptimal state. This is referred to as the price of anarchy, where agents acting in an uncoordinated fashion make poor decisions when viewed in a global context. In this paper we introduce ABRA, the avoiding bottleneck relay algorithm, which can be used to allow some coordination between clients and relays with the aim of increasing network utilization. At peak performance, using ABRA for circuit selection results in almost 20% higher network bandwidth usage compared to vanilla Tor. We find that ABRA significantly outperforms previously suggested circuit selection algorithms based on latency and congestion, and attains similar throughput to a fully centralized online algorithm, while an offline algorithm with knowledge of future requests could achieve up to 80% more network utilization than vanilla Tor. Finally, we perform a privacy analysis of ABRA against a passive and active adversary trying to reduce anonymity of clients and increase their view of the Tor network. We find that the algorithm does not enable new passive attacks and that colluding relays experience a minor increase in the fraction of streams compromised when acting in an adversarial manner.
Infusing NLU into Automatic Question Generation

This paper presents an approach to automatic question generation that significantly increases the percentage of acceptable questions compared to prior state-of-the-art systems.
Low-rank PSD approximation in input-sparsity time

We give algorithms for approximation by low-rank positive semidefinite (PSD) matrices. For symmetric input matrix A ∈ ℝn × n, target rank k, and error parameter e > 0, one algorithm finds with constant probability a PSD matrix Ỹ of rank k such that ||A − Ỹ ||F2 ≤ (1 + e) || A − Ak, +||F2, where Ak,+ denotes the best rank-k PSD approximation to A, and the norm is Frobenius. The algorithm takes time O(nnz(A) log n) + npoly((logn)k/e) + poly(k/e), where nnz(A) denotes the number of nonzero entries of A, and poly(k/e) denotes a polynomial in k/e. (There are two different polynomials in the time bound.) Here the output matrix Ỹ has the form CUC⊤, where the O(k/e) columns of C are columns of A. In contrast to prior work, we do not require the input matrix A to be PSD, our output is rank k (not larger), and our running time is O(nnz(A) log n) provided this is larger than npoly((log n)k/e). We give a similar algorithm that is faster and simpler, but whose rank-k PSD output does not involve columns of A, and does not require A to be symmetric. We give similar algorithms for best rank-k approximation subject to the constraint of symmetry. We also show that there are asymmetric input matrices that cannot have good symmetric column-selected approximations.
Current High-Intensity Drinking Among Eighth and Tenth Grade Students in the U.S.

Introduction This study assessed the prevalence of current high-intensity drinking (i.e., having ten or more drinks in a row in the past 2 weeks) among national samples of U.S. eighth and tenth grade students (at modal ages 14 and 16 years, respectively). Methods Data on high-intensity drinking were provided by 10,210 students participating in the nationally representative Monitoring the Future study in 2016, and analyzed in 2016–2017. Prevalence levels and interactions between grade and key covariates were estimated using procedures that adjusted for the Monitoring the Future study’s complex sampling design. Results Approximately 2% of adolescents reported current high-intensity drinking, with significant differences by grade (1.2% of eighth graders; 3.1% of tenth graders) and gender (1.7% female; 2.3% male). High-intensity drinking was significantly higher among eighth and tenth grade students who reported any cigarette or marijuana use than among students who reported never using either substance. Conclusions A meaningful percentage of young adolescents in the U.S. engage in high-intensity drinking.
Effect of the charged-lepton's mass on the quasielastic neutrino cross sections

Martini et al. [Phys. Rev. C 94, 015501 (2016)] recently observed that when the produced-lepton's mass plays an important role, the charged-current quasielastic cross section for muon neutrinos can be higher than that for electron neutrinos. Here I argue that this effect appears solely in the theoretical descriptions of nuclear effects in which nucleon knockout requires the energy and momentum transfers to lie in a narrow range of the kinematically allowed values.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be usedto quantify brain morphology, tissue microstructure, and function. These measurements can be used to identify the tissue changes that accompany brain injury and disease. For example, high spatial resolution structural images can be ana-lyzed to map local reductions in cortical volume. Diffusion weighted imaging can be used to reconstruct axonal fiber pathways in brain white matter and to assess fiber integrity. Functional imaging provides maps of neuronal activity during rest and task performance, and hence can identify the cortical networks that underlie sensation, memory, emotion, and cogni-tion. These imaging techniques have been applied to a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases to shed light on the role different brain regions play in the pathophysiology of each disease. This talk will focus on the specific examples of schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Key imaging studies will be described that implicate specific brain regions in the development of disease symptoms. Prospects for identifying imaging endophenotypes of these diseases will be discussed. Finally, imaging biomarkers will be described that may be useful for monitoring disease progression and treatment.
A comparison of outcomes for children and youth in foster and residential group care across agencies

Abstract Working collaboratively with two state associations and their member (nonprofit) agencies providing out-of-home care to children and youth, University researchers conducted a multi-site project to examine whether there were any differences in individual child-level outcomes between children placed in residential group care and those placed in foster. The study employed a quasi-experimental repeated measures design, with data collected at a minimum of two intervals (at intake and 3-month follow-up) and at subsequent intervals of 6 and 12 months for children remaining in care. Samples for analyses were drawn from 1082 youth in either residential group care ( n = 903) or foster care ( n = 179), in one of 37 agency sites across two southeastern states, who participated in a broader evaluation project. The average ages of participating youth in residential and foster care were 13.97 (SD = 2.43) and 13.65 (SD = 2.73), respectively. Based on his or her score on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) at intake, each participant was also assigned to the low functioning group ( n = 526; 53.1%), the borderline group ( n = 232; 23.4%), or the high functioning group ( n = 232; 23.4%). Analyses confirmed that youth in foster care tended to have higher levels of general functioning at baseline than did youth placed in group care. However, the degree to which youth progressed in care on measures of general functioning and mental and behavioral health problems did not differ based on placement setting; youth in residential group care settings progressed at the same rate as youth in community-based settings, regardless of their level of functioning at intake. The only exception to this pattern was in regard to anxiety; there was an observable, but non-significant trend of youth in foster care reporting decreases in anxiety levels, while those in group care reported increased anxiety.
Immune modulation by CD40L blockade

CD40L (CD154), a member of TNF-TNFR superfamily, binds to CD40 and several integrins, and plays the key role in host immune responses [1]. Blockade of the CD40-CD40L costimulation pathway has proven to be highly effective in modulating various types of immune responses, including anti-microbial, autoimmune, alloimmune responses, allergy, as well as tissue inflammation of both antigen-specific and nonspecific types. In particular, CD154 blockade has been widely applied in organ transplant models, from rodents to primates [2]. In this review, we focus on recent literature with emphasis on in vivo immunological mechanisms.
Online incivility in comment boards: Partisanship matters - But what I think matters more

Abstract Two experimental studies were conducted to investigate how an individual's partisanship influences his or her response to incivility expressed by others in online comment boards. The research focuses on how the effects of incivility differ when uncivil comments are made by in-group members who share the same partisanship as contrasted to situations when comments are made by out-group members whose partisanship is in opposition. The studies also examined how the effects are influenced by an individual's own issue stance as well as by social influence exerted via “recommendations.” Results indicated support for in-group favoritism demonstrated by greater leniency in judging both uncivil comments and uncivil commenters associated with an individual's own party. However, in-group favoritism disappeared when an individual's own opinion about an issue contradicted the issue position of his or her own party in which case both the in-group's uncivil comment and the in-group commenter were negatively evaluated. No evidence was found for social influence of “recommendations.” These findings contribute to understanding how the effects of incivility vary especially when there is a contradiction between an individual's own issue stance and that of his or her own party.
The Constraints of Poverty on High Achievement

Research studies on school success often focus on the impact of discrete elements such as race, culture, ethnicity, gender, language, or school location on high achievement. The condition of poverty, however, may be the most important of all student differences in relation to high achievement; although not all schools have racial diversity, nearly all schools have at least some students living in poverty. In this paper, the authors review the literature on poverty, including its relationship with ethnicity and locale; search for commonalities that illuminate the relationship between poverty and high achievement; identify problems in data gathering that mitigate against the identification of high-ability poor children; and underscore the need to provide individual support and the development of resilience to low-income, high-ability students. Recommendations for improving the identification, services, and success of high-ability learners who are affected by poverty are included.
Untrained Temporal Differentiation and Equivalence Class Formation

The purposes of this study were to assess whether discriminative control over conjunc FR 5 t1 < IRT < t2 responding would transfer to members of stimulus equivalence classes; whether a formal test for equivalence would be necessary for such transfer to occur; and to compare the effectiveness of derived discriminative control through symmetry, versus equivalence relations. In Experiment 1, 2 out of 6 subjects demonstrated the reliable transfer of stimulus functions prior to the test for equivalence; in Experiment 2, none of 5 subjects demonstrated the reliable transfer of stimulus functions prior to the test for equivalence, but 2 did so following the test for equivalence; and in Experiment 3, all 4 subjects demonstrated the reliable transfer of stimulus functions prior to the test for equivalence. No differences were observed between the derived control exerted by stimuli that had entered into symmetry relations with training stimuli, versus those that had entered into equivalence relations with training stimuli. It was concluded that behavior can appear to be temporally differentiated in the absence of direct conditioning.
Preparing Histological Sections for Light Microscopy

To section hydra that have been embedded in paraffin for histological analysis with the light microscope.
MeShClust2: Application of alignment-free identity scores in clustering long DNA sequences

Grouping sequences into similar clusters is an important part of sequence analysis. Widely used clustering tools sacrifice quality for speed. Previously, we developed MeShClust, which utilizes k-mer counts in an alignment-assisted classifier and the mean-shift algorithm for clustering DNA sequences. Although MeShClust outperformed related tools in terms of cluster quality, the alignment algorithm used for generating training data for the classifier was not scalable to longer sequences. In contrast, MeShClust2 generates semi-synthetic sequence pairs with known mutation rates, avoiding alignment algorithms. MeShClust2 clustered 3600 bacterial genomes, providing a utility for clustering long sequences using identity scores for the first time.
Why We Dance: A Philosophy of Bodily Becoming . By K. LaMothe

Why We Dance: A Philosophy of Bodily Becoming By K. LaMothe (2015) New York: Columbia University Press, 300pp.
Quality of Life After Radiotherapy for Rectal and Anal Cancer

With advances in radiation therapy (RT) techniques for rectal and anal cancers allowing for the modulation of critical normal tissues, there has been an increased emphasis on improving the quality of life (QOL) for cancer survivors. Herein, we review the literature to examine the impact of RT on QOL and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to better inform providers about the challenges of survivorship. Large systematic reviews, recent studies, and long-term follow-up of pivotal clinical trials have shown that RT impacts QOL, particularly fecal continence and sexual function. Modern preoperative RT techniques, which allow for decreased dose to organs-at-risk, will likely improve QOL. RT, although critical in the treatment of rectal and anal cancer, can have a profound impact on QOL for some patients. Recent studies have included PROs and validated QOL metrics to better inform providers and patients.
Aeroelastic Testing of Span-Wire Traffic Signal Systems

Span-wire traffic signals are vulnerable to extreme wind events such as hurricanes and thunder-storms. In past events in the Southeastern Coast of the United States, many failures of span-wire traffic signals were reported. In order to identify their dynamic behavior during extreme wind events and investigate their buffeting response, a large-scale aeroelastic testing was conducted at the NHERI Wall of Wind (WOW) Experimental Facility (EF) at Florida International University (FIU). The WOW is a large-scale open jet wind testing facility, comprised of 12 fans, and capa-ble of simulating winds at speeds up to 70 m/s, corresponding to a Category 5 hurricane. Follow-ing the Froude number criterion, a 1:10 aeroelastic model of a span-wire traffic signal system consisting of two 3-section and one 5-section signals was designed and constructed, based on the properties of its full-scale counterpart. In the testing protocol, various wind directions ranging between 0 and 180 degrees were considered at full-scale wind speeds ranging between 21 m/s and 42.5 m/s. The results of the aeroelastic tests show a similar behavior compared with previous full-scale tests conducted at the WOW. However, an increase in the RMS of accelerations was observed in comparison with those from the full-scale tests. This is attributed to the fact that the aeroelastic model enabled better simulation of low-frequency eddies in the turbulence spectrum compared to the full-scale testing turbulence spectrum.
Going with our Guts: Potentials of Wearable Electrogastrography (EGG) for Affect Detection

A hard challenge for wearable systems is to measure differences in emotional valence, i.e. positive and negative affect via physiology. However, the stomach or gastric signal is an unexplored modality that could offer new affective information. We created a wearable device and software to record gastric signals, known as electrogastrography (EGG). An in-laboratory study was conducted to compare EGG with electrodermal activity (EDA) in 33 individuals viewing affective stimuli. We found that negative stimuli attenuate EGG's indicators of parasympathetic activation, or "rest and digest" activity. We compare EGG to the remaining physiological signals and describe implications for affect detection. Further, we introduce how wearable EGG may support future applications in areas as diverse as reducing nausea in virtual reality and helping treat emotion-related eating disorders.
Contesting the right to the city under scarcity: the case of Micronesians in Hawaiʻi’s public housing

This paper focuses on how residents of public housing in Hawaiʻi view residents from Micronesia, a geographic region of Oceania. Drawing on in-depth interviews with an ethnically diverse sample, we...
Hedge Fund Compensation: Incentive Fees and Performance Intervals

Performance fees that are designed to incentivize money managers to exert more effort may also distort a manager's risk choices. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the standard performance fee contract that includes what is known as a high-water mark provision. We investigate the effect the fee collection frequency, manager wealth and fee magnitudes, have on the return to investors. We find that when performance fees are reduced but collected more frequently both the manager and the investor can be better off. We do this by modeling the manager's decision making process as a stochastic control problem with both discrete and continuous controls. We also develop a computational method to solve this class of problems and prove its convergence.
Implicit Semantic Processing of Linguistic and Non-linguistic Stimuli in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

While many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience difficulties with language processing, non-linguistic semantic processing may be intact. We examined neural responses to an implicit semantic priming task by comparing N400 responses—an event-related potential related to semantic processing—in response to semantically related or unrelated pairs of words or pictures. Adults with ASD showed larger N400 responses than typically developing adults for pictures, but no group differences occurred for words. However, we also observed complex modulations of N400 amplitude by age and by level of autistic traits. These results offer important implications for how groups are delineated and compared in autism research.
Asian, Latinx, or Multiracial? Assessing Filipinxs' Health Conditions and Outcomes by Aggregate Ethnic Category.

Filipinxs are the second-largest Asian subgroup in the USA. While Filipinxs are most often considered Asian when constructing aggregate ethnic categories, recent research has identified a trend of a small portion of Filipinxs identifying as Latinx or multiracial. However, little research had addressed how identification with different aggregate ethnic categories may have implications for identifying health disparities among Filipinxs and how these compare to non-Hispanic whites. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses using 2011–2018 California Health Interview Survey data, comparing Asian Filipinxs, Latinx Filipinxs, and multiracial Filipinxs. In bivariate analyses, Asian Filipinxs had a higher prevalence of diabetes than Latinx or multiracial Filipinxs. After controlling for sociodemographics, Latinx Filipinxs had significantly lower odds of having diabetes or heart disease than Asian Filipinxs. Compared to non-Latinx Whites, Asian Filipinxs reported higher odds of being in fair/poor health, obese or overweight, high blood pressure, and diabetes, multiracial Filipinxs reported higher odds of being obese or overweight, and Latinx Filipinxs reported lower odds of heart disease. These findings suggest emerging differences in health linked to identification with different ethnic categories, underscoring the need to investigate nuances among Filipinxs in future research as well as highlighting the utility of emerging sociological insights in health research.
Telescope metrology and active alignment for RF-optical hybrid receiver

Increasing the information capacity of the Deep Space Network, a global network of radio frequency receivers used to communicate with and track interplanetary spacecraft, will increase the number and complexity of future space explorations missions it can support. Adding optical communications capability will improve the information capacity of the Deep Space Network. The imaging resolution of the telescope is one of the key factors driving both system-level performance and cost. This report describes the control systems designed to maintain telescope alignment.