cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“A Tristeza que Canta”: The Role of Fado Music in Women’s Culturally Mediated Resilience

Abstract. This study explores the role of fado music participation in women’s coping, expression, and emotional health. Aiming to identify culturally rooted resilience strategies and explore how music interacts with gendered identities, this phenomenological study drew from fado house observation, lyrical themes, and participant interviews with women who sing and/or listen to fado. Nine semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were conducted bi-nationally (in Portugal and the United States) between July and December of 2012. Major themes included: 1.) Fado has a central role in the expression of deep feelings and the meanings ascribed to them; the music is under­stood as a cathartic, collective container for passion, sadness, and loss. 2.) Fado contains spiritual aspects, including ritual, notions of fate, and acceptance of ‘God’s will.’ 3.) Fado exhibits women’s strength and resilience; defiance and power are shown through embodiment, stance, and voice. 4.) Fado plays a part in construction of cultural identity, connection to homeland, and self-knowledge. Policy, research and practice implications are also addressed.
Guided Electromagnetic Waves

Closed-form solutions for TEM, TM, and TE waves in guiding structures are obtained from Maxwell's equations. Propagation parameters, frequency ranges, broadbanding techniques, and design examples are presented. Dielectric waveguides for microwave and optical frequencies are also presented. Keywords: waveguides; electromagnetic waves; wave equations; microwaves; lightwaves
Human Smuggling in Austria: A Comparative Analysis of Data on Smuggled Migrants from Former Yugoslavia and the Russian Federation:

This article provides a summary of the author's research on human smuggling in Austria comparing migrants from Former Yugoslavia and the Russian Federation. The project's primary intent was to collect more detailed information on migrants seeking asylum in Austria and their use of smuggling services to leave their home countries, including detailed information on demographics, force or threat of force by smugglers, routes and methods of transportation, costs of smuggling, payment methods, and deeper perceptual questions regarding the flight. Another central premise of the article discusses how current distinctions between human smuggling and human trafficking are arbitrary in many regards.
The cerebroplacental Doppler ratio predicts postnatal outcome in fetuses with congenital heart block.

Autoimmune-mediated congenital complete heart block (CCHB) is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality, and prenatal monitoring of these fetuses is a significant challenge. The cerebroplacental Doppler ratio (CPR), defined as the ratio of the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA-PI) to the umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI), is predictive of perinatal outcome in growth-restricted fetuses. This study tests the hypothesis that the CPR would be useful in monitoring fetal well-being in fetuses with CCHB. We reviewed data on all patients diagnosed prenatally with autoimmune-mediated CCHB at our institution over the past 2 years. The fetal echocardiograms from each patient were analyzed for: CPR, UA-PI, MCA-PI, cardiothoracic ratio, degree of tricuspid regurgitation, ventricular function and presence of effusions. We compared hemodynamic data from the fetal echocardiogram before delivery in patients who required urgent pacemaker placement postnatally to those patients that did not require an urgent pacemaker. Five patients with autoimmune-mediated CCHB were identified, and two patients required urgent pacemaker placement. The CPR before delivery was significantly lower in the patients who required urgent pacemaker placement (0.97±0.06 versus 1.45±0.03; P=0.003), but there was no difference in other fetal echocardiographic markers between groups. Both patients requiring urgent pacemaker placement had a CPR less than 1.08. The CPR is predictive of postnatal outcome in fetuses with CCHB and is useful in prenatal monitoring of these patients.
Substitution of a residue contacting the triphosphate moiety of the incoming nucleotide increases the fidelity of yeast DNA polymerase ζ

DNA polymerase zeta (pol zeta), which is required for DNA damage-induced mutagenesis, functions in the error-prone replication of a wide range of DNA lesions. During this process, pol zeta extends from nucleotides incorporated opposite template lesions by other polymerases. Unlike classical polymerases, pol zeta efficiently extends from primer-terminal base pairs containing mismatches or lesions, and it synthesizes DNA with moderate fidelity. Here we describe genetic and biochemical studies of three yeast pol zeta mutant proteins containing substitutions of highly conserved amino acid residues that contact the triphosphate moiety of the incoming nucleotide. The R1057A and K1086A proteins do not complement the rev3Delta mutation, and these proteins have significantly reduced polymerase activity relative to the wild-type protein. In contrast, the K1061A protein partially complements the rev3Delta mutation and has nearly normal polymerase activity. Interestingly, the K1061A protein has increased fidelity relative to wild-type pol zeta and is somewhat less efficient at extending from mismatched primer-terminal base pairs. These findings have important implications both for the evolutionary divergence of pol zeta from classical polymerases and for the mechanism by which this enzyme accommodates distortions in the DNA caused by mismatches and lesions.
A survey of how practicing programmers keep up-to-date first results including their implications for computer science education

As the field of data processing grows, it becomes increasingly important for the computer professional to keep abreast of new developments. Because one of the most significant of these new developments is structured programming, we decided to use knowledge of structured programming concepts as a measure of how up-to-date a programmer is. Thus, we undertook to answer the following questions:1. How up-to-date are today's programmers, i.e. how aware are they of some of these new concepts?2. From what sources did they learn about these concepts? How much did these sources influence their work?3. What are some of the other factors which influence up-to-dateness?To find the answers, we prepared a survey of sixteen questions. The first fifteen questions were designed to provide us with a background profile of our polled population. The last question dealt specifically with structured programming, presenting a list of programming concepts and potential sources for learning about these concepts. The respondent was questioned about his familiarity with a particular concept, his source of learning about the concept, and the degree to which his work was influenced by this source. The responses were input to a program written in CROSSTABS, a commercially available utility package, to produce tables of cross-tabulations and frequency percentages. We analyzed these tables and our conclusions drawn from this analysis follow.
Three-dimensional graphics techniques applied to the rendering of holographic interferometric data

Electro-optic holography (EOH) generates a large array of three-dimensional values (displacement at each x, y location) as its final output. In the past, a number of techniques have been employed to display the displacement data ranging from topographic maps and enhanced versions of the holograms themselves, through fringe skeletonizing, to wire frame surface plots. This paper discusses the application of 3-D shaded rendering techniques to holographic displacement data. Both modeling the object and rendering the model are covered. The resultant shaded images show the displacements of the surface clearly and the software allows the user complete control over the orientation of the view and the characteristics of the light sources. Results are shown for a number of modes of vibrating rectangular plates.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Characteristics and practices of home-based workers

Using data collected by a nine-state regional research project, cluster analysis generates nine clusters of home-based workers from 853 usable cases. The clusters are named for their distinguishing characteristics as follows: Employed Outside the Home; Low Intrusion; Female Wage Workers; See Clients at Home; Lack of Health Insurance; Female Business Owners; Isolated; Two-earner Households; and Male One-earner Households. Ninety percent of the home-based workers are covered by health insurance, 44% are covered through another job. Female home-based workers comprise 41% of the total sample and earn net home-based work incomes below the sample mean. The clusters with the highest net income are predominately male and in marketing/sales, mechanical/transportation, and contractor occupational categories. Recommendations for prospective home-based workers are made.
Pseudo First-Order Cleavage of an Immobilized Substrate by an Enzyme Undergoing Two-Dimensional Surface Diffusion.

In this paper we study the reaction kinetics of an enzyme adsorbed on a peptide substrate surface. Although the adsorption is effectively irreversible, the enzyme is able to diffuse on the surface. Our reaction system consisted of the enzyme collagenase and the oligopeptide FALGPA, a substrate for the enzyme. A quartz surface was coated with covalently bound substrate molecules. The extent of reaction was monitored continuously in a flow cell via UV absorption. The data are compatible with a kinetic model based on a pseudo first-order diffusion/orientation rate-limiting step followed by a relatively fast chemical cleavage step. This model was validated by examining the pH dependence of the rate constant.
Outcomes after Laparoscopic Colon and Rectal Surgery

The use of the laparoscopic approach for colon and rectal surgery has increased over the past decade. Early and late outcomes after laparoscopic colorectal resection have been rigorously examined in clinical series, case control studies, and randomized trials. The majority of studies have found modest, but significant improvements in narcotic use, return of bowel function, and length of stay. Perhaps more importantly, multiple randomized trials have found that open and laparoscopic surgery for malignant disease have equivalent oncologic outcomes.
Molecular genetics of alpha thalassemia

Linked duplicate genes in Chromosome 16 condition the production not only of alpha-globin chains in the Hemoglobin A (HbA) molecule, but also of the varied forms of alpha thalassemia in human subjects. Null allelism, not gene deletion, exists at these gene loci. Two codominant alleles occur at each locus; these are characterized as Gb and Ob at one locus, and as Gc and Oc at the second locus. Gb and Gc are genetically active alleles, and either conditions the production of alpha-globin chain. Ob and Oc are null or genetically inert alleles, and neither conditions the production of alpha-globin chain. Gb and Gc are additive in the expression of disease genotype. The number of alpha-globin chains in the HbA molecule, and the absence as well as the varied forms of alpha thalassemia are inherited quantitatively as follows: four alpha-globin chains and the absence of alpha thalassemia result from GbGbGcGc; either GbGbGcOc or GbObGcGc yields three alpha-globin chains and asymptomatic alpha thalassemia minor; any one of three genotypes, GbGbOcOc, GbObGcOc or ObObGcGc, yields two alpha-globin chains and mild alpha thalassemia minor; either GbObOcOc or ObObGcOc yields one alpha-globin chain and severe alpha thalassemia minor; ObObOcOc produces no alpha-globin chain and the fetal alpha thalassemia major. The inheritance of any combination of active and null alleles, and of the associated forms of alpha thalassemia, is deducible from the alpha-globin as well as the disease phenotypes and/or genotypes of parental subjects.
The Preparation of 8-Allylvisnagin *

The Claisen rearrangement of the allyl ether of desmethylvisnain has been carried out successfully to estahsh a general method for the preparation of visnagin derivatives alkylated in the 8-position. A number of new compounds incidental to this research have been synthesized and described.
Strontium isotopic geochemistry of the volcanic rocks and associated megacrysts and inclusions from Ross Island and vicinity, Antarctica

Twelve whole-rock samples of volcanic rocks and a composite of 11 basanitoid samples from Ross Island and vicinity, Antarctica show a narrow range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.70305 to 0.70339. This range is consistent with a model of differentiation from a single parent magma, but the data allow a 30% variation in the 87Rb/86Sr ratio in the source region if the average ratio is less than 0.057 and if the source region has existed as a closed system for 1.5 b.y. Megacrysts of titaniferous augite, kaersutite, and anorthoclase are isotopically indistinguishable from the host volcanic rocks and therefore are probably cogenetic with the volcanic sequence. A single trachyte sample is isotopically distinct from the rest of the volcanic rocks and probably was contaminated with crustal strontium.
Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis with Use of the Brush Catheter in Canine Thrombosed Femoropopliteal Arterial PTFE Bypass Grafts

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy, acute endothelial changes, and distal arterial emboli after use of the Cragg thrombolytic brush catheter in mature thrombosed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) femoropopliteal arterial grafts in canines. MATERIALS AND METHODS PTFE femoropopliteal arterial grafts were implanted in 10 canines and were allowed to mature for approximately 4 weeks. The grafts were thrombosed by mechanical means and allowed to remain thrombosed for 24–72 hours. Through a left carotid cut-down, standard Seldinger arterial puncture was performed, followed by catheterization of the thrombosed graft. A soft, low-speed, brush (6 mm in diameter) aided by preprocedure pulse-spray urokinase infusion was utilized for thrombolysis. The native vessels, just proximal and distal to the anastomosis, were evaluated microscopically for endothelial damage. Arteriography was used for assessment of distal embolus. RESULTS All grafts were successfully thrombosed before thrombolysis. One graft could not be traversed with a wire and catheter and was, therefore, not treated. Immediate preprocedure pulsespray urokinase infusion in the remaining nine grafts did not reconstitute antegrade flow in any instance and left significant amounts of residual thrombus in all treated grafts. Mechanical brush thrombolysis reconstituted antegrade flow in all nine treated grafts and complete graft thrombolysis was obtained in most. This was accomplished in a mean time of less than 4 minutes. Emboli were noted angiographically in 67% of cases. Histologic studies showed vessel wall damage limited to the intima or media in 67% of anastomoses. CONCLUSION This method offers a simple and rapid means of recanalizing thrombosed PTFE femoropopliteal arterial grafts in the studied model. This technique provides a means of rapidly "debulking" most intragraft thrombi. This may result in a shorter course of thrombolytic infusion. Potential benefits may include shortening the total treatment time and decreasing morbidity and cost associated with percutaneous thrombolysis. The occurrence of distal emboli in a majority of cases is a concerning limitation of this technique.
Chronic kidney disease: the distribution of health care dollars

Chronic kidney disease: The distribution of health care dollars. Background The cost of care for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is known to be high. The factors responsible for higher ESRD cost develop during chronic kidney disease (CKD), where the data on distribution of cost are limited. Methods This retrospective cohort study of 1995 through 1998 incident dialysis patients was performed to study the distribution of costs during the 24 months prior to initiation of dialysis. Patient data were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Patients who were Medicare eligible for at least 2 years prior to initiation of dialysis were included in the study. Financial data were obtained from Medicare Part A and Part B claims and inflationary adjustments were made. The study period was divided into four segments based on overall distribution of cost. Results The mean age was 75 years, 51% were males, 73% were white, and 22% were black. Overall, patient comorbidity increased significantly during the study years. Cost showed a sharp increase in the last 6 months prior to initiation of dialysis. Hospitalization was the major component of cost throughout study period. Patients who initiated hemodialysis incurred a higher cost compared to patients who initiated other modes of kidney replacement therapy. Patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease incurred higher cost compared to those who had no diabetes or cardiovascular disease, respectively. Conclusion These data showed that hospitalization was the major component of the sharp increase in cost around the initiation of dialysis. Increased comorbidity was associated with higher cost. A focus on timely management of CKD may prevent future morbidity and costs.
Effective migration to switched-based PACS networks

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch-based networks can provide high bandwidth for digital video and image data transmission as well as scalability and interoperability between local-area networks and metropolitan or wide area networks. However, migration to ATM is complicated by the limitations of existing radiology networks. Our goal was to develop an effective migration strategy for incorporating ATM into existing radiology networks. We characterized traffic flow for a large-scale, clinical picture archiving and communication system (PACS) with multiple imaging modalities, archives, and display workstations; we then developed a network delay model and, based upon the design criteria, the network delay model, and estimates of future traffic, we designed a switch-based network that uses both Ethernet and ATM switches. Our strategy allows an existing PACS to utilize ATM technology where appropriate, to gain interoperability with wide area networks, and to maximize the investment in an existing PACS infrastructure.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Leakage Analysis for FinFET Devices using Self-Consistent Electro-Thermal Modeling

A novel 3D computational self-consistent electro-thermal modeling methodology is developed to more precisely analyze leakage currents in nanoscale FinFET devices. The coupled electro-thermal modeling is applied to compare the device performance of poly-Si gate and metal-gate DG-FinFET. Results show very high leakage current in band-edge metal-gate device and poly-Si gate device. Mid-gap metal-gate device appears as a good choice at short-channel lengths to avoid excessive leakage power. The impact of device temperature rise on the leakage and drive currents is analyzed.
Effects of Insect Infestation of Farm-Stored Wheat on Its Sale Price at Country and Terminal Elevators

The relationship between sample characteristics and the likelihood of a price discount was examined for samples of farm-stored wheat taken as it was delivered for sale to elevators in Kansas during 1986 and 1987. Lower test weight, as well as increased grain moisture and dockage content, increased the likelihood of a price reduction. The presence of insects, however, was significantly associated with the probability of receiving a discount only at terminal elevators. Although the likelihood and value of price discounts were more predictable at terminal than at country elevators, only about 20% of the overall variability in discounts was explained by sample characteristics. The cost of price discounts risked because of the presence of live insects at the time of delivery to elevators was 73.5¢/metric ton (t) (2.0¢/bu) if 0.1 to 1.0 insects per 1,000 g were present in the sample, 77.2¢/ t (2.1¢/bu) if the insect density was 1.1 to 5.0 insects per 1,000 g, and $1.51/ t (4.1¢/bu) if more than 5.0 live insects per 1,000 g were present. Overall, for 17,730 t (650,000 bu) sold, 24.6¢/ t (0.67¢/bu) was lost because of insect discounts in some lots.
Quantum chemical calculations using the floating point systems, Inc. Model 164 attached processor

The Theoretical Chemistry Group at Argonne National Laboratory has had a Floating Point System, Inc., Model 164 Attached Processor (FPS-164) for several months. Actual production calculations, as well as benchmark calculations, indicate that the FPS-164 is capable of performance comparable to large mainframe computers, the groups experience with the FPS-164 includes the conversion of a complete system of electronic structure codes, including integral evaluation programs, generalized valence bond programs, integral transformation programs, and unitary group configuration interaction programs, and two classical trajectory codes. Timings of these programs at various levels of optimization along with estimates of the amount of effort required to make the necessary program modifications are discussed. 10 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.
Absence of degenerative changes 20 years after diabetic coma with a blood sugar of 1850.

As presented here, this case demonstrates that diabetes can be of long duration, can at times be unusually severe, can be complicated by severe coma, (with the highest recorded blood sugar with survival in the world’s medical literature), and by various infections (pneumonia, abscesses, pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease), and can be subjected to the strain of many surgical procedures and of multiple pregnancies, yet can escape the vascular degenerative changes usually associated in the minds of many with diabetes that has been under other than constant normoglycemic control. It is noted that for more than 15 years of the 20 years that this patient was known to have diabetes, she was being treated according to the method of compatible hyperglycemia as described by Sindoni, Ger-ber, Bove and Zibold (5), using post-prandial blood sugars as the guide to therapy.
PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR DYSTHYMIC DISORDER

The psychotherapy of dysthymic disorder has received too little serious attention and funding. Impressive advances in the pharmacotherapy of dysthymic disorder should not obscure the need for psychosocial treatment for the high proportion of patients who do not respond to medication. Despite the dearth of psychotherapy outcome studies in this area, such data that do exist suggest that relatively brief, focal, antidepressant psychotherapies may successfully treat many patients with lifelong mood disorders. Maintenance therapy probably is indicated to ensure the persistence of treatment gains.
Make-to-forecast: customization with fast delivery

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to attempt to achieve customization while maintaining quick delivery to customers by use of a hybrid of make-to-order (MTO) and make-to-stock (MTS) strategies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on various studies based on simulation, optimization, and Markov analysis to respond to some of the unique challenges of the hybrid strategy. Findings – Implementation of the make-to-forecast (MTF) hybrid strategy provides considerable competitive advantage in certain manufacturing situations by achieving as much as 50 percent shorter delivery times for highly customized products than would be possible with a pure MTO strategy. It also has potential to offer competitive advantages to pure MTS and MTO operations. Research limitations/implications – The manufacturing situations, appropriate for MTF paradigm, are fairly complex. The paper reviews only several of the many managerial challenges. For instance, it assumes a given product variety but does not dwell on wh...
In vitro reconstitution of the core and peripheral light-harvesting complexes of Rhodospirillum molischianum from separately isolated components.

In most purple bacteria, the core light-harvesting complex (LH1) differs from the peripheral light-harvesting complex (LH2) in spectral properties and amino acid sequences. In Rhodospirillum (Rs. )molischianum, however, the LH2 closely resembles the LH1 of many species in amino acid sequence identity and in some spectral properties (e.g., circular dichroism and resonance Raman). Despite these similarities to LH1, the LH2 of Rs. molischianum displays an absorption spectrum similar to the LH2 complexes of other bacteria. Moreover, its crystal structure is very similar to the LH2 of Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) acidophila. To better understand the basis of the biochemical and spectral differences between LH1 and LH2, we isolated the alpha and beta polypeptides of the LH2 complexes from an LH2-only strain of Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides as well as the alpha and beta polypeptides from both the LH1 and LH2 complexes from Rs. molischianum. We then examined their behavior in reconstitution assays with bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl). The Rb. sphaeroides LH2 alpha and beta polypeptides were inactive in reconstitution assays, whether alone, paired with each other, or paired in hybrid assays with the complementary LH1 polypeptides of Rs. rubrum, Rb. sphaeroides, Rb. capsulatus, or Rps. viridis. The LH1 beta polypeptide of Rs. molischianum behaved similarly to the LH1 beta polypeptides of Rs. rubrum, Rb. sphaeroides, Rb. capsulatus, and Rps. viridis, forming a subunit-type complex with or without an alpha polypeptide, and forming an LH1 complex when combined with a native LH1 alpha polypeptide. Interestingly, the LH2 beta polypeptide of Rs. molischianum, in the absence of other polypeptides, also formed a subunit-type complex as well as a further red-shifted complex whose spectrum resembled the 850 nm absorbance band of LH2. In the presence of the LH1 alpha polypeptide of Rs. rubrum or Rs. molischianum, it formed an LH1-type complex, but in the presence of the LH2 alpha polypeptide of Rs. molischianum it formed an LH2 complex. This is the first reported reconstitution of an LH2 complex using only isolated LH2 polypeptides and Bchl. It is also the first example of an LH2 beta polypeptide that can form an LH1 subunit-type complex and an LH1-type complex when paired with an LH1 alpha polypeptide.
Vapreotide: a somatostatin analog for the treatment of acute variceal bleeding

Background: Portal hypertension is a clinically important consequence of cirrhosis that can lead to morbidities such as variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. All of these outcomes carry high mortality rates. There have been several drugs created to assist with endoscopic therapy for the treatment of acute variceal bleeding. Recently, vapreotide has been studied in patients to evaluate its efficacy as treatment for acute variceal hemorrhage. Although no comparisons have been made between vapreotide and other somatostatin analogues, this drug has been shown to have efficacy in the control of acute variceal bleeding as well as reducing the risk of recurrent bleeding and death, especially when started prior to endoscopy. Objective: This paper reviews the literature regarding the basic science and clinical efficacy of vapreotide in acute variceal bleeding. Methods: We used a PubMed/Medline search in order to review the literature regarding the drug, vapreotide. Results/conclusions: Vapreotide ...
Epigenetic Signatures May Explain the Relationship between Socioeconomic Position and Risk of Mental Illness: Preliminary Findings from an Urban Community-Based Sample

Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has previously been linked to a number of negative health indicators, including poor mental health. The biologic mechanisms linking SEP and mental health remain poorly understood. Recent work suggests that social exposures influence DNA methylation in a manner salient to mental health. We conducted a pilot investigation to assess whether SEP, measured as educational attainment, modifies the association between genomic methylation profiles and traumatic stress in a trauma–exposed sample. Results show that methylation × SEP interactions occur preferentially in genes pertaining to nervous system function, suggesting a plausible biological pathway by which SEP may enhance sensitivity to stress and, in turn, risk of posttraumatic stress disorder.[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Biodemography and Social Biology for the following free supplemental resource: Supplementary tables of full model and functional annotation...
PARTICLE PRODUCTION WHEN CROSS SECTIONS GROW

If the total cross section crows, what can we say about particle production ? Of a model independent nature, nothing. But if we are willing to make some guesses about the nature of the partial cross sections σn (s) to produce n particles, we can at least itemize the various possibilities.
Molecular Cloning of Human Class IV Alcohol Dehydrogenase cDNA

Abstract A cDNA encoding a new type of alcohol dehydrogenase was cloned from a human stomach cDNA library. PCR amplification of 5′-stretch human stomach λgt11 library, using degenerate inosine-containing oligonucleotide probes compatible with peptide sequences of human sigma-ADH, resulted in a single product. Subsequently, internal non-degenerate primers were constructed according to the sequences occurring in the product. By PCR with combinations of these new primers and λgt11 forward and reverse primers, fragments of the cDNA containing its 5′ and 3′ ends were amplified. The full length cDNA sequence has 1125 nucleotides with a 72% similarity to those of human class I ADH. The polypeptide sequence, predicted from the cDNA, corresponds to 373 amino acids with a high degree of similarity (96%) to fragments of σ-ADH previously reported. Northern hybridization analysis with the specific probe for the mRNA of this protein showed that it is expressed in the human stomach but not in the liver. These data indicate that the cDNA we cloned is that of human class IV ADH.
A mathematical model for predicting dynamic behavior of a plasticating extruder

A mathematical model was developed to predict the dynamic behavior of flowrate and melt temperature in a plasticating extruder caused by changes in operating variables such as screw speed, back pressure and barrel temperature. The model has application for on-line computer control of an extrusion process or for simulation purposes off-line. Experimental data for developing the model was obtained from a 2½ in. diameter plasticating extruder producing high impact polystyrene sheet.
Random sampling of carbonate mounds: an example from the Upper Ordovician of Alabama

Abstract Paleontological and lithological studies of a carbonate mound provide the necessary data from which characterizations for that mound or locality can be constructed. These data-based characterizations are a convenient mechanism for making qualitative comparisons with other mounds, as has been done in some previous studies that discussed Middle Ordovician (now considered Upper Ordovician) mounds of the Appalachian Basin. Each of these studies had a different focus, including the paleoecology of individual mound localities, issues of ecological zonation, and regional stratigraphical investigation. Quantitative comparisons are precluded among these studies because each mound was sampled using different procedures, resulting in paleontological data sets of dissimilar density and depth. Two mound localities from carbonates of the Upper Ordovician Chickamauga Group (Stones River equivalent) of Jefferson and Blount counties, AL, were chosen for study to investigate the application of random sampling techniques to mound populations in outcrop. One mound from each locality was completely censused to generate population compositional and structural data. The location and higher-level identification of each macrofossil on the surface of these mounds were recorded. These bryozoan-dominated data sets represent the best estimates available concerning the underlying population of mound constructors, dwellers, and occasional “visitors.” Rarefaction analysis was used to predict the number of randomly chosen fossils needed to detect the major taxonomic groups from each of these populations. A computer program (TARGET) was written to validate rarefaction predictions by conducting random sampling experiments using the census data sets. The program prompts for input of three user-defined variables that set the parameters of a sampling experiment and then throws randomly located sampling boxes at the mound data set, recording the results. Statistical analysis of results from these sampling experiments validated the predictions of rarefaction analysis and led us to employ a conservative approach for sampling additional mounds at these localities.
When to forget: A system-level perspective on STT-RAMs

The benefits of using STT-RAMs as an alternative to SRAMs are being examined in great detail. However their comparatively higher write latencies and energies continue to be roadblocks for migrating to MRAM based technology in memory hierarchies. In this paper, we present a novel method by which we demonstrate significant energy reduction in writing to the STT-RAM cell by relaxing its non-volatility property. We exploit this characteristic for optimizing system-level properties such as garbage collection. By categorizing the objects based on their lifetimes it is possible to tune the data retention time of the STT-RAM to minimize the write energy. Our scheme yielded 37% reduction in dynamic energy, 88% reduction in leakage and 85% improvement in the Energy-Delay Product over a corresponding SRAM based memory structure.
Crisis management for SMEs: insights from a multiple-case study

Research in crisis management involves a variety of perspectives, including crisis impacts, strategic vision and leadership, contingency planning and technical capabilities. However, crisis management mechanisms of small and medium enterprise (SMEs) were rarely investigated for sound theory building and practical guidance for management. The aim of this paper is to explore mechanisms by which SMEs use to manage crisis. This paper presents a general crisis management model that represents crisis management processes in terms of detection, occurrence, recovery and resolution. To validate and refine this model, a multiple-case study is designed to investigate five SMEs’ actual crisis management practices. The case study results show that SMEs, in spite of their resources constraints and relatively weak market positions, display resilient market responsiveness. This paper further suggests that effective crisis management of SMEs involve proactive business mindsets for sustainable growth and continuous expansions.
An application of a weighting method to adjust for nonresponse in standardized incidence ratio analysis of cohort studies.

Purpose Cohort studies often conduct periodic follow-up interviews (or waves) to determine disease incidence since the previous follow-up and to update measures of exposure and confounders. The common practice of excluding nonrespondents from standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analyses of these cohorts can bias the estimates of interest if nonrespondents and respondents differ on important characteristics related to outcomes of interest. We propose an analytic approach to reduce the impact of nonresponse in the analyses of SIRs. Methods Logistic regression models controlling baseline information are used to estimate the propensity, or the probability of response; the reciprocals of these propensities are used as weights in the analysis of risk. This is illustrated in the analysis of 15 years of follow-up of a cohort of US radiologic technologists after an initial interview to assess the risk at several cancer sites from occupational radiation exposure. We use information from the baseline survey and certification records to compute the propensity of responding to the second survey. SIRs are computed using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer incidence rates. Variances of the SIRs are estimated by a jackknife method that accounts for additional variability resulting from estimation of the weights. Results We find that, in this application, weighting alters point estimates and confidence limits only to a small degree, thus providing reassurance that the results are robust to nonresponse. This indicates that results from the analyses excluding the missing data may be slightly biased and weighting helps in reducing the nonresponse bias. Conclusion This method is flexible, practical, easy to use with existing software, and is applicable to missing data from cohorts with baseline information on all subjects.
Electron-electron interactions in disordered metals: Keldysh formalism

We develop a field theory formalism for the disordered interacting electron liquid in the dynamical Keldysh formulation. This formalism is an alternative to the previously used replica technique. In addition, it naturally allows for the treatment of nonequilibrium effects. Employing the gauge invariance of the theory and carefully choosing the saddle point in the Q-matrix manifold, we separate purely phase effects of the fluctuating potential from the ones that change quasiparticle dynamics. As a result, the cancellation of super-divergent diagrams (double logarithms in $d=2)$ is automatically built into the formalism. As a by-product we derive a nonperturbative expression for the single-particle density of states. The remaining low-energy $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model describes the quantum fluctuations of the electron distribution function. Its saddle-point equation appears to be the quantum kinetic equation with the appropriate collision integral along with collisionless terms. The Altshuler-Aronov corrections to the conductivity are shown to arise from the one-loop quantum fluctuation effects.
Magnetostriction measurement in thin films using laser Doppler vibrometry

Abstract This paper reports the laser Doppler vibrometry based measurement of the magnetostriction in magnetic thin films. Using this method, the strain induced by an AC magnetic field in the polycrystalline cobalt ferrite and nickel ferrite thin films grown on silicon and platinized silicon substrates was measured under a DC magnetic bias. The experimental setup and the derivation of the magnetostriction constant from the experimentally measured deflection values are discussed. The magnetostriction values derived using force and bending moment balances were compared with that derived from an industry standard relationship. In addition, we corroborate our approach by comparing the values derived from bending theory calculations of magnetically induced torque to those from measurements using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). At high DC magnetic field bias, the magnitude of magnetization calculated from the measured magnetostriction was found to match the measured magnetization by VSM.
Carcinogenicity of 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) thiazole in rats by oral and subcutaneous administration.

Female Fischer rats were divided into two groups and fed either basal diet or basal diet containing 0.166% 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) thiazole for 52 weeks followed by basal diet for an additional 16 weeks. Our of the 24 rats fed 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) thiazole, 23 had forestomach tumors, four had fibroadenomas and two had adenocarcinomas in the mammary glands, two had renal pelvic carcinomas, five had papillomas and six had carcinomas in the bladder, and two had cutaneous tumors. None of the 10 rats fed basal diet developed tumors. In another study, two-week-old Fischer rats of both sexes were injected s.c. once a week for the first eight weeks with 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) thiazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg and then 1.4 mg/rat for an additional 46 weeks. The control rats were injected with solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide: water, 1:1) only. The experiment was terminated at the end of 58 weeks. Malignant fibrous histiocytomas were found in five out of eight male rats and four out of 11 female rats, and an angiosarcoma was found in one out of eight male rats injected with 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) thiazole. None of the control rats developed tumors.
Informed consent, shared decision-making, and complementary and alternative medicine.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by many in hopes of achieving important health-related goals. Survey data indicate that 42 percent of the U.S. population uses CAM, accounting for 629 million “office” visits a year and expenditures of 27 billion dollars. This high prevalence of use calls for a careful evaluation of CAM so as to ensure the well-being of those using its modalities. Such an evaluation would obviously include assessments of the safety and efficacy of particular approaches, the training and integrity of practitioners, and the appropriateness of modalities for different conditions or uses. Given the lack of published data concerning many of these aspects of CAM, the likely unfamiliarity of its practitioners to the approaches available to clinicians practicing modern scientific medcine, and the need to respect the unique preferences of persons seeking assistance with achieving health-related goals, it is also important to assess the potential roles of informed consent for the use of CAM. Examining such roles is the central task of this paper.
Demo: Automatically generating interesting events with LifeJoin

This demo will showcase LifeJoin, a system that collects raw sensor data from phones and laptop computers to generate interesting events. Given the raw sensor data, LifeJoin implements a number of activity recognition algorithms to generate higher-level events. Furthermore, it uses supervised learning techniques to learn from users' feedback to generate only events of interest. In this demo, the audience will get to interact with the LifeJoin system and be able to examine the internals of LifeJoin.
One Way to Neighborhood Deterioration

Despite the widespread use of one-way streets as a traffic engineering response to urban traffic congestion, very little is known about the impacts such streets have on residential neighborhoods. The social costs of automotive hegemony have generally been ignored in the face of the easily demonstrable traffic movement advantages of one-ways. As part of the Denver Planning Office's study of how to mitigate negative impacts of one-ways in neighborhoods, a survey of residents on one-way arterials and adjacent two-way locals was conducted. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 232 residents. Residents on one-ways were found to be older and less family-oriented than their two-way street neighbors. One-way street residents were significantly more bothered by traffic (noise, volume, danger), less satisfied with their block (cleanliness, peacefulness, air quality), and therefore made more life-style adjustments (less use of front of house, rearranging use of rooms, installing buffers). Consequently, more on...
A crystallographic search program for oxygen-conducting electrolytes

The primary criteria for a high-conductivity oxygen electrolyte are (a) maximum oxygen-ion conductivity and (b) negligible conductivity from other ions or electrons. The crystallographic consequences of these criteria lead to the derivation of three groups of categories whose intersection should include all compounds likely to be exceptional oxygen electrolytes. This is confirmed by the observation that all of the best oxygen electrolytes discovered to date, such as β- and δ-bismuth oxide, fit perfectly into the three groups of categories. Search procedures have been developed for some of these categories but others are unamenable to systematic search and are most effectively used for secondary screening.
SAEM abstracts to articles: 1997 and 1999-2001.

Objectives The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) annual meeting is the primary research conference in emergency medicine. An abstract presented at the 2000 SAEM meeting found a trend of decreasing publication rates of articles based on SAEM abstracts from 47% in 1995 to 33% in 1997. The authors wished to determine whether the publication rates of articles based on SAEM abstracts continued to decline since 1997. Methods A MEDLINE search of all SAEM abstracts from 1997 and 1999-2001 was conducted. The primary outcome was the publication rates of articles based on abstracts presented each year. Secondary outcomes included comparison of publication rates by oral versus poster presentation and category of research. Results Thirty-eight percent of 2,054 SAEM abstracts were published as articles by fall 2003, with 40% in 1997, 40% in 1999, 38% in 2000, and 35% in 2001. The publication rate was higher for oral presentations (50%) than poster presentations (34%). Publication rates ranged from 32% to 53% by category of research; the highest rates were in wound (53%) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation/resuscitation (51%), and the lowest rates were in administration (32%) and cardiovascular (33%). Twenty-six percent of articles were published in emergency medicine journals. The times to publication were similar across the years: 4%-7% were published in the same year of the meeting, 15%-17% one year later, 10%-11% two years later, 5% three years later, and 3%-5% after three years. Conclusions The publication rate of articles based on SAEM abstracts has held steady at 40% in recent years when the time delay to publication is taken into account.
STATISTICAL LINE BROADENING IN PLASMAS

Abstract This paper considers certain fundamental questions encountered in theories of line broadening. It is not so much a contribution to calculational techniques as an attempt at understanding some of the approximations which have been made in more compact and practical approaches to the subject. Its outlook is limited inasmuch as it deals only with the statistical type of line broadening theory. The conditions under which ion broadening of spectral lines emitted from neutral atoms in plasmas can be described by the statistical theory are investigated by studying the fluctuations of the electric microfield acting on a radiating atom. Classical paths and absence of interaction between perturbers are assumed. The Fourier-integral formula for the line shape reveals three effects that cause deviations from the statistical line shape. Two of them, diabaticity and radiator rotation, are negligible compared to the third, whenever the total deviations are sufficiently small. The third effect, which may be called a phase-shift effect, arises from the frequency modulation in time and the loss of phase coherence occuring in a characteristic time TΦ(F), the latter being related to the mean life-time TF(F) of a given electric microfield F. The correlation function of the spectrum is written as a double ensemble average: first an ensemble average is taken over the frequency shift as a function of time for tǂ0, with the initial frequency shift at t=0 held fixed, and subsequently the expression thus obtained is averaged over all possible initial frequency shifts. On representing the correlation function by a Taylor expansion in time, an expansion for the line shape is obtained that satisfies the wing theorem and likewise reduces to Holtsmark's line shape for high densities and low temperatures. The first-order correction to the statistical line shape is evaluated numerically; it vanishes near the maximum of the Holtsmark line shape (reduced fieldstrength β=1·6), while the maximal deviations occur in the ranges β ≈ 1 and β ≈ 3, the overall effect being an intensity shift towards larger values of β. The average absolute magnitude of the correction reaches 38 per cent and 16 per cent for the lines Hβ and Hγ at T = 104 °K and nion = 1017cm-3 in the range 0· ⩽ β ⩽ 10; however, in these examples diabaticity and radiator rotation are not negligible and may actually alter the magnitude of the correction.