cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vector projection of biomagnetic fields.

Biomagnetic measurements are increasingly popular as functional imaging techniques for the non-invasive assessment of electrically active tissue. Although most currently available magnetometers utilise only one component of the vector magnetic field, some studies have suggested the possibility of obtaining additional information from recordings of the full magnetic field vector. Three projection techniques were applied to different biomagnetic signals for analysis of the three orthogonal components of the vector magnetic field. Vector magnetic fields obtained from fetal cardiac activity were projected into evenly spaced directions around a unit sphere. The vector magnetic field recorded from multiple intestinal current sources with independent temporal frequencies was then projected. Finally, an external reference signal from an invasive electrode was used to project the recorded vector magnetic fields due to gastric electrical activity. In each case, it was found that the information obtained by examination of the projected magnetic field vectors have superior clinical insight to that obtained by analysis of any single magnetic field component.
Effects of cyclic 12-, 8-, and 6-carbon compounds on glutathione S-transferase activity

The effects of feeding ICR/Ha mice cyclic 12-, 8-, and 6-carbon compounds on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver, intestinal mucosa, and the forestomach were determined. The compounds used for this study were 1,5,9-trans,trans,cis- cyclododecatriene , 1,2-trans-5,6-trans-9,10-cis- cyclododecatriene -1,2-oxide, cyclododecanol , cyclododecene oxide, cyclododecane , 1,5- cyclooctadiene , cyclooctene oxide, cyclohexene, and cyclohexene oxide. The unsaturated cyclic 12-carbon compounds elicited the greatest increase in GST activity. Thus, feeding 1,5,9-trans,trans,cis- cyclododecatriene increased this activity almost 4-fold in the livers and the intestinal mucosa of experimental animals. Cyclic 8-carbon compounds were less effective and feeding the cyclic 6-carbon compounds did not result in any significant increase in GST activity. None of the compounds elicited increased GST activity in the fore-stomach. Previous studies have shown that compounds inducing increased GST activity can protect against chemical carcinogens. It remains to be determined whether the compounds identified in the present investigation as inducers of this enzyme system will have such protective capacities.
Marketing research interviewers and their perceived necessity of moral compromise

Marketing research interviewers often feel that they must compromise their own moral principles while executing work-related activities. This finding is based on analysis of data obtained from three focus group interviews and a mail survey of 173 telephone survey interviewers. Data from the mail survey were used to construct scales measuring interviewers' perceived necessity of moral compromise, moral character, and job satisfaction. The three scales then were used in a hierarchical regression analysis to predict incidences of interviewers' self-reported proscribed behaviors on the job, the latter being an index of behaviors known by interviewers to be “wrong.” Results support all hypothesized relationships.
Effect of in vitro methylation on the chromatographic and coding properties of methyl-deficient leucine transfer RNA

Abstract Whereas normal Escherichia coli leucyl-tRNA § , which contains several subspecies, responds equally efficiently in codon recognition studies with poly UG or poly UC, leucyl-tRNA preparations containing methyl-deficient tRNALeu react more efficiently with poly UC than poly UG ( Capra & Peterkofsky, 1966 ). The increased reactivity with poly UC in these preparations is primarily associated with a chromatographic species of tRNALeu singular to methyl-deficient tRNA ( Peterkofsky, 1964 ). The interpretation of these observations has, until now, been ambiguous. They could indicate that methyl-deficient tRNA preparations are enriched with those subspecies of tRNALeu which normally interact with poly UC. Alternatively, it might be suggested that species of tRNALeu which normally recognize poly UG exhibit a changed codon response to poly UC when they are methyl-deficient. The studies herein support the latter hypothesis. Whereas in vitro methylation of the subspecies of tRNALeu corresponding to those found in normally methylated preparations has no effect on their properties, such a treatment of subspecies of tRNALeu restricted to methyl-deficient tRNA leads to a change in their Chromatographic and coding properties.
How radiation oncologists would disclose errors: results of a survey of radiation oncologists and trainees.

Purpose To analyze error disclosure attitudes of radiation oncologists and to correlate error disclosure beliefs with survey-assessed disclosure behavior. Methods and Materials With institutional review board exemption, an anonymous online survey was devised. An email invitation was sent to radiation oncologists (American Society for Radiation Oncology [ASTRO] gold medal winners, program directors and chair persons of academic institutions, and former ASTRO lecturers) and residents. A disclosure score was calculated based on the number or full, partial, or no disclosure responses chosen to the vignette-based questions, and correlation was attempted with attitudes toward error disclosure. Results The survey received 176 responses: 94.8% of respondents considered themselves more likely to disclose in the setting of a serious medical error; 72.7% of respondents did not feel it mattered who was responsible for the error in deciding to disclose, and 3.9% felt more likely to disclose if someone else was responsible; 38.0% of respondents felt that disclosure increased the likelihood of a lawsuit, and 32.4% felt disclosure decreased the likelihood of lawsuit; 71.6% of respondents felt near misses should not be disclosed; 51.7% thought that minor errors should not be disclosed; 64.7% viewed disclosure as an opportunity for forgiveness from the patient; and 44.6% considered the patient's level of confidence in them to be a factor in disclosure. For a scenario that could be considerable, a non-harmful error, 78.9% of respondents would not contact the family. Respondents with high disclosure scores were more likely to feel that disclosure was an opportunity for forgiveness ( P =.003) and to have never seen major medical errors ( P =.004). Conclusions The surveyed radiation oncologists chose to respond with full disclosure at a high rate, although ideal disclosure practices were not uniformly adhered to beyond the initial decision to disclose the occurrence of the error.
All-optical time-delayed feedback control of semiconductor lasers

In this paper, we have demonstrated all-optical control of unstable steady states and unstable periodic orbits of a multisection semiconductor laser in a proof-of-concept experiment. The results open the possibility for future noninvasive control of unstable regimes with arbitrarily fast time scales.
Fast multiplication cellular arrays for LSI implementation

The inherent capabilities of Large Scale Integration technology have recently shifted attention toward two major concepts in the design of functional computer subsystems; the concepts of Functional Modules and Cellular Arrays.
Segmentation of alluvial fans in death valley, california: New insights from surface exposure dating and laboratory modelling

Laboratory experiments, recent paleoenvironmental analyses of rock varnish, and surface exposure dating of geomorphic units have led to new insights into the process of entrenchment and segmentation of alluvial fans, and into the history of Quaternary sedimentation in Death Valley. Entrenchment begins at the fanhead. As the trench deepens, its down-slope end migrates down-fan, taking several tens of thousands of years to reach lower parts of the fan. Laboratory experiments suggest, however, that a new segment begins to grow at the toe long before the trench reaches this part of the fan. Furthermore, the initial slope of the segment is not the equilibrium slope. Field evidence supports this model. The tectonic tilting that caused entrenchment and segmentation in Death Valley may have been triggered by loading of the valley with water. Sedimentation on the salt pan in southern Death Valley is not, at present, in equilibrium with that on the fans. Rather, it seems to be adjusting to an increase in the amount of fine material reaching the playa, due in part to breaching of the outlet of Lake Tecopa somewhat after 600 ka BP, and in part to subsidence of different parts of the valley at different rates. Failure to recognize this disequilibrium resulted in errors in earlier estimates of the age of the segmentation events.
Well-founded semantics for defeasible logic

Fixpoint semantics are provided for ambiguity blocking and propagating variants of Nute’s defeasible logic. The semantics are based upon the well-founded semantics for logic programs. It is shown that the logics are sound with respect to their counterpart semantics and complete for locally finite theories. Unlike some other nonmonotonic reasoning formalisms such as Reiter’s default logic, the two defeasible logics are directly skeptical and so reject floating conclusions. For defeasible theories with transitive priorities on defeasible rules, the logics are shown to satisfy versions of Cut and Cautious Monotony. For theories with either conflict sets closed under strict rules or strict rules closed under transposition, a form of Consistency Preservation is shown to hold. The differences between the two logics and other variants of defeasible logic—specifically those presented by Billington, Antoniou, Governatori, and Maher—are discussed.
Cordotomy for treatment of cancer-related pain: patient selection and intervention timing

Many neurosurgical interventions for the management of cancer-related pain have been tried, but their role in today's advanced supportive and palliative care is not well described. The authors discuss the current knowledge gaps that prevent successful integration of neurosurgical interventions and patients with cancer-related pain. Two patients underwent percutaneous CT-guided cordotomy for refractory cancer-related pain: one patient had melanoma and the other had ovarian carcinoma. Both patients seemed to have unilateral, somatic, nociceptive cancer-related pain. Cordotomy was effective for only 1 patient. Percutaneous CT-guided cordotomy is a low-risk intervention that can benefit carefully selected patients with cancer-related pain. There is a clear need for prospective controlled studies to evaluate the effectiveness of cordotomy for patients receiving optimal medical treatment. A multidisciplinary study design could help to identify factors correlated with a positive outcome.
Ten practical advantages of a human rights approach to environmental advocacy

In order to draw any conclusion about what actions should be done, practical arguments require both a first premise which makes factual claims about the world and a second premise which asserts a value claim. This paper argues that among the second premise value claims available in environmental advocacy, a human rights approach includes distinct advantages that are not as available when relying only on other ethical approaches. The paper describes three practical measures that can be used in environmental human rights work—personal narratives, human rights assessment reports, and citizen-based inquiries and tribunals—and 10 practical advantages of using those and other human rights measures. These include helping to minimize the problem of moral relativism, appeals to compassion and reduction of ethical “slippage,” as well as thinking from the bottom up, access to a rhetorically persuasive vocabulary, and potentially useful legal advantages.
Contested Hierarchies: A Collaborative Ethnography of Caste among the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Contested Hierarchies:. Collaborative Ethnography of Caste among the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. David N. Gellner and Declan Quigley. eds. Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press, 1995. xiv. 364 pp., contributors, figures, plates, tables, notes, appendix, bibliography, index.
Thermodynamic diagrams for polyethylene resins

For resins of room temperature density 0.91 to 0.96 g/cc, enthaply and internal energy diagrams have been developed from 0 to 200°C and up to 1000 atmospheres. These diagrams can be used for estimating properties for which data are not available, and provide unified view of many properties of polyethylene under conditions of fabrication and use. Extent of crystallinity estimates can be made from enthalpy, internal energy, specific volume, compressibility and melting point data provided for hypothetical amorphous, crystalline and actual resins.
Evidence of an acrosin-like enzyme in sea urchin sperm.

Abstract An enzyme which hydrolyzes benzoyl arginine ethylester has been demonstrated in sperm of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus using a sensitive assay employing tritiated substrate. Eighty percent of the enzyme is exposed but not solubilized by treatment with either 30 m M CaCl 2 or solubilized egg jelly coat. The enzymatic activity is masked in control sperm which have not been treated with these agents. The exposed enzyme is inhibited by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate (DFP), soybean trypsin inhibitor, or phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it is a serine protease and the invertebrate counterpart of vertebrate acrosin. Inhibition of the exposed enzyme with DFP prevents subsequent fertilization.
Preliminary assessment of captopril sonography in screening for renal artery stenosis

Rationale and Objectives. We assessed the usefulness of the resistive index (RI) and renal length in predicting a significant renal artery stenosis (RAS) and evaluated the effect of captopril on the RI in kidneys with and without a significant RAS. Methods. The RIs and renal lengths of both kidneys were measured in 39 patients who were referred for captopril renography for suspected renovascular hypertension. The difference in RIs (ΔRI), the smaller RI (SRI), the difference in lengths (ΔL), and the shorter length (SL) of the patient's two kidneys were determined. The accuracy of each of these parameters was calculated using captopril renography (n = 39) and arteriography (n = 9) as the gold standards. Results. There was a significant difference in the ΔRI (p Conclusion. The RI and renal length are useful in detecting a significant RAS. In this preliminary study, captopril was shown to increase ΔRI in patients with a significant RAS, but larger prospective studies are necessary to further assess the value of captopril sonography in detecting a significant RAS.
Polarized Neutron in Structural Biology – Present and Future Outlook

Abstract Hydrogen has a strong polarization-dependent neutron scattering cross section. This property has been exploited in the study of soft matters, especially biological macromolecules. When a polarized neutron beam is scattered off a polarized hydrogenous sample, the otherwise large hydrogen incoherent cross section is drastically reduced while the coherent signal is significantly increased. Past experiments have demonstrated the potentials and benefits of polarized neutron scattering from soft materials. The main technical challenge of polarized neutron scattering from biological matters lies at sample polarization. Dynamic nuclear polarization is a proven yet rather sophisticated technique. Its complexity is one of the main reasons for the technique's slow adoption. The future of polarized neutron scattering in biology may rest largely in neutron protein crystallography. Polarization of protein crystals is much easier to accomplish, since protein crystals are typically rather small (
Seismic analysis of internal equipment and components in structures

Abstract An analytical method is developed whereby a simple estimate can be obtained of the maximum dynamic response of light equipment attached to a structure subjected to ground motion. The natural frequency of the equipment, modelled as a single-degree-of-freedom system, is considered to be close or equal to one of the natural frequencies of the N- degree-of-freedom structure. This estimate provides a convenient, rational basis for the structural design of the equipment and its installation. The approach is based on the transient analysis of lightly damped tuned or slightly detuned equipment-structure systems in which the mass of the equipment is much smaller than that of the structure. It is assumed that the information available to the designer is a design spectrum for the ground motion, fixed-base modal properties of the structure, and fixed-base properties of the equipment. The results obtained are simple estimates of the maximum acceleration and displacement of the equipment. The method can also be used to treat closely spaced modes in structural systems, where the square root of the sum of squares procedure is known to be invalid. This analytical method is also applied to untuned equipment-structure systems for which the conventional floor spectrum method is mathematically valid. A closed-form solution is obtained which permits an estimate of the maximum equipment response to be obtained without the necessity of computing time histories, as required by the conventional floor spectrum method.
SCHOOL SELECTION PREFERENCES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITY MSW STUDENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

A convenience sample of MSW students responded to an Internet-based survey (N=2,289) retrospectively reporting their reasons for enrolling in a specific social work graduate program. Reponses indicate that MSW students who enroll in private graduate programs are younger and reported reputation-related and employment-related reasons for specific school selection more often than students enrolled in public schools. Students enrolled in public schools reported location-related reasons as more important. Bifurcation of the applicant pool into private and public preference-groups presents a recruitment challenge. Other findings include that enrollment rates are substantially higher than previously anticipated, which suggests that most applicants to graduate social work programs are likely to be admitted if they apply to multiple programs.
Measurements of radiative charge-transfer reactions of doubly and singly charged rare-gas ions with rare-gas atoms at thermal energies

Radiative charge-transfer coefficients for single-electron transfer between doubly or singly charged noble-gas ions and noble-gas atoms have been determined at thermal energy using a drift-tube mass-spectrometer apparatus. At 300 K, $k({\mathrm{He}}^{2+}+\mathrm{He})=(4.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec, with slightly smaller coefficients for the reactions ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{2+}$ + Ne, ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{2+}$ + Ar, ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{2+}$ + Kr, and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{2+}$ + Xe. Differences in reactivity are found for the different, low-lying $^{1}S$, $^{1}D$, and $^{3}P$ states of the doubly charged ions. A three-body contribution to the radiative process is noted, with rate coefficients ranging between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}31}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}30}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$/sec at 300 K for the different noble-gas systems. The radiative charge-transfer coefficients for singly ionized ions are somewhat smaller, $k({\mathrm{He}}^{+}+\mathrm{Ne})\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec and $k({\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}+\mathrm{Ar})\ensuremath{\sim}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec at 300 K. The measured value of $k({\mathrm{He}}^{2+}+\mathrm{He})$ is in reasonable agreement with the very recent theoretical calculations of Cohen and Bardsley.
Nanofaceting of vicinal Nb(011)

We report studies of vicinal Nb(011) grown heteroepitaxially on sapphire $(112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0).$ Using low-energy electron microscopy on surfaces with small vicinal miscut \ensuremath{\sim}0.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, we record the evolution of step edges during annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. Below a temperature of about 1600 K the step edges coalesce to form {110} nanofacets several steps in height, due to the low surface free energy. Two distinct types of facet form, depending on the direction of miscut. For miscut along $[01\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1],(011\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})$ facets, which intersect the (011) terraces at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} along [100], are created by step-edge coalescence. Owing to $(2mm)$ symmetry, these occur over a range of orientations around [100]. The surface develops over the course of hours into large terraces more than 10 \ensuremath{\mu}m long and of widths up to several \ensuremath{\mu}m, terminated by $(011\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})$ facets tens of atomic (011) planes in height. Surfaces miscut instead along [100] develop $(1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}10)$ facets at 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the (011) terraces, which they intersect along $[1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1]$ and $[1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}],$ respectively. The surface ripens into long terraces bounded by serrated edges formed from alternating nanofacets about five steps in height. A variety of interesting phenomena are observed, including direct nucleation of nanofacets from step edges, growth in a sawtooth of alternating facets, and periodically faceted states in which facet sections alternate with sections in which the step edges are dissociated, to make a periodic structure. The phase diagram for nanofaceting is discussed for the limit of small miscut.
Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) mitigation in seedling cotton using strip tillage and winter cover crops.

BACKGROUND: Thrips are the most consistent insect pests of seedling cotton in the southeastern United States, where symptoms can range from leaf curling to stand loss. In a 2 year study, thrips adults and immatures were sampled at 14, 21 and 28 days after planting on cotton planted with a thiamethoxam seed treatment in concert with crimson clover, wheat or rye winter cover crops and conventional or strip tillage to investigate potential differences in thrips infestations. RESULTS: Densities of adult thrips, primarily Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), peaked on the first sampling date, whereas immature densities peaked on the second sampling date. Regardless of winter cover crop, plots that received strip tillage experienced significantly fewer thrips at each sampling interval. In addition, assessment of percentage ground cover 42 days after planting showed that there was more than twice as much ground cover in the strip-tilled plots compared with conventionally tilled plots. Correlation analyses showed that increased ground cover was inversely related to thrips densities that occurred on all three sampling dates in 2008 and the final sampling date in 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Growers who utilize strip tillage and a winter cover crop can utilize seed treatments for mitigation of early-season thrips infestation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Response of the Fluvial Wood System to Fire and Floods in Northern Yellowstone

We map the distribution of wood continuously along 73.4 km of second- through fifth-order streams in Yellowstone National Park and develop a Monte Carlo model of wood supply, transport, and storage to investigate: (1) spatial distributions of wood in burned and unburned basins, (2) associations between geomorphology and spatial distributions of wood, and (3) effects of flood timing and sequence on wood distributions. Wood counts in 2000 and 2001 vary by over two orders of magnitude over distances of several hundred meters. Qualitative models using catchment-scale characterizations of streams (e.g., whether a stream is third or fourth order) do not explain the degree of local variability. Reach-scale wood counts are weakly related to channel width in the extensively burned Cache Creek basin and to streamside forest cover and number of channel threads in all basins. Wood counts are not related to other reach-scale variations in channel morphology or fire effects. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that postfi...
Plane Strain Solutions for Large Diameter Thick Submersible Cylindrical Shells

Utilizing general stress functions expressed in polar coordinates, plane strain solutions are developed for large diameter thick cylindrical shells. The solutions provide field stresses and strains which consider the effect of gravity body forces, and arbitrary boundary loadings expressed in terms of a Fourier series. To illustrate the theory and its application, a Fourier series expansion is given for a set of boundary stresses partially distributed and in equilibrium. An example is also presented which considers a long cylindrical shell subjected to a gravity body force, a nonuniform hydrostatic pressure, and an arbitrary counterbuoyancy force at the inner boundary. Field stresses and numerical results are provided for the given loading conditions. 1 reference, 2 figures, 6 tables.
Bound states, tachyons, and restoration of symmetry in the 1/N expansion

An extensive analysis of the $\frac{1}{N}$ expansion of $\mathrm{O}(N)$-symmetric $\ensuremath{\lambda}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theory in four dimensions shows it to be a consistent approximation method. It is confirmed that the ground state of the theory is $\mathrm{O}(N)$-symmetric, and that spontaneous symmetry breaking is not possible in the large-$N$ limit. The Green's functions are free of tachyons if constructed relative to this ground state. A natural upper bound is derived for the parameters of the theory to ensure the existence of a ground state. In the strong-coupling domain there exist a bound state and a resonance [in the identity representation of the $\mathrm{O}(N)$ group], which disappear in the weak-coupling regime. It is shown that, to leading order in $N$, a zero-mass interacting "charged" boson cannot be sustained in this theory. If the boson mass goes to zero, the model becomes a free-field theory.
Social Justice Education, Moral Agency, and the Subject of Resistance

This paper explores the concept of white complicity and provides illustrations of how traditional conceptions of moral agency support the denial of such complicity. Judith Butler's conception of subjectivity is then examined with the aim of assessing its usefulness as a foundation for social justice pedagogy. Butler's conception of subjectivity is of interest because it offers insights into how dominant group identities are unintentionally complicit in the perpetuation of hegemonic social norms. While Butler's conception of subjectivity is shown to be useful in understanding white complicity, questions around the notion of agency that follow from such a conception of subjectivity are raised and briefly discussed. Finally, I show the implications of Butler's conception of self and agency for social justice pedagogy.
Vibrator (vb): a spinocerebellar system degeneration with autosomal recessive inheritance in mice.

Abstract Vibrator (gene symbol vb), an autosomal recessive mutation, occurred spontaneously in the DBA/2J strain of mice, was rescued by a single cross to C57BL/6J and subsequent brother × sister mating, and has been mapped near shaker-2 (sh-2) and vestigial tail (vt) on chromosome 11. The name emphasizes the unusually rapid (18–20 Hz) postural action tremor expressed in juvenile homozygotes. Selected neurons in spinal cord, and later in brainstem and cerebellum, show progressive degenerative changes featuring dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum in cell bodies, dendrites and axons, with eventual severe intracellular vacuolation and some cell death.
Role of morphology in the aggregation kinetics of ZnO nanoparticles

The aggregation kinetics of two types of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated under various conditions. Distinct differences in aggregation kinetics were observed between the two ZnO particles. The aggregation of the nearly spherical ZnO (denoted as Me ZnO) exhibited strong dependence on the ionic strength (IS) of the solution; while minimal influence of IS was seen on the irregularly shaped ZnO (mixture of slab-like and rod-shaped particles, denoted as Mk ZnO) in the IS ranged tested. It is postulated that Mk ZnO possesses a critical coagulation concentration (CCC) below the lowest electrolyte concentration tested (1 mM NaCl) due to the interactions between various surfaces. The CCC of ZnO was found to be a function of pH; the CCC increased significantly as the pH was further away from the point of zero charge. Natural organic matter (NOM) was found to substantially hinder the aggregation of both types of ZnO particles (above 10 mg/L for Me ZnO and above 1 mg/L for Mk ZnO). A Langmuir adsorption model was used to describe the NOM to ZnO nanoparticle adsorption isotherms. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effect of particle morphology on nanoparticle aggregation, which outlines the importance of accounting morphology into environmental transport assessment of nanoparticles.
Simultaneous determinations of cardiac output by thermal dilution, fiberoptic and dye-dilution methods

Abstract A total of 225 simultaneous dye-dilution and thermal dilution and 176 dye-dilution and fiberoptic dilution cardiac output curves were obtained from 14 mongrel dogs at basal levels and after the injection of isoproterenol or angiotensin. The analog signal was digitized with an Ambilog 200 computer, and the data were analyzed with a Burroughs B5500 digital computer. Experience gained with this analysis has led to an on-line program for cardiac output determinations with digital readout using the Ambilog 200. Results indicate (1) that the fiberoptic technique is sufficiently accurate and desirable for acute studies but until the long-term risk of clot formation on the catheter tip is thoroughly evaluated, the use of this technique in chronic studies of patients under intensive care is questionable and (2) that thermal dilution cardiac output determinations correlate well with those of the other techniques studied and that the thermal method is uniquely attractive for use in the long-term monitoring of cardiac output necessary to the management of the critically ill patient.
Toxicity with Intravenous Injection of Naphtha in Man

Intravenous injection of charcoal lighter fluid (naphtha) in a suicidal attempt led to development of severe hemorrhagic pneumonitis in a 40-year-old individual. Presenting symptoms consisted of pleuritic chest pain, epigastric discomfort, and dyspnea; they appeared within 2 hours after injection. Development of roentgenographic changes lagged behind the clinical symptoms by several hours. Fever and leukocytosis were present despite the absence of demonstrable superimposed bacterial infection. The pathology seemed exclusively confined to the pulmonary system with no clinical or laboratory evidence of extrapulmonary involvement. Repeated clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function evaluations over an 18-month follow-up period have shown complete resolution of pulmonary lesions without residual abnormalities.
Asynchronous Bilateral Adnexal Torsion in a Prepubertal Girl: A Case Report and Review of the World Literature

Abstract A 7-year-old girl who presented with progressive abdominal pain associated with nausea, vomiting, and fever underwent laparotomy for a presumed periappendiceal abscess. Exploration revealed a torsed left adnexa with hemorrhagic necrosis and a normal appendix. The adnexa was removed along with the appendix. Two years later, the patient presented with increasing right lower abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. Physical examination revealed a tender, soft, midpelvic mass that produced pain upon palpation. Adnexal torsion was diagnosed at laparotomy and the right adnexa was twisted 720° in a clockwise fashion. A right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and the uterus was retained. The patient did well postoperatively.
Blood Pressure-Lowering Mechanisms of the DASH Dietary Pattern.

Potential blood pressure- (BP-) lowering mechanisms of the DASH dietary pattern were measured in 20 unmedicated hypertensive adults in a controlled feeding study. At screening, participants averaged 44.3±7.8 years, BMI 33.9±6.6 Kg/m2, and BP 144.2±9.38/88.5±6.03 mmHg. All consumed a control diet for one week, then were randomized to control or DASH for another two weeks (week one and two). With DASH, but not controls, SBP fell by 10.65±12.89 (𝑃=0.023) and 9.60±11.23 (𝑃=0.039) mmHg and DBP by 5.95±8.01 (𝑃=0.069) and 8.60±9.13 mmHg (𝑃=0.011) at the end of week one and two, respectively. Univariate regressions showed that changes in urinary sodium/potassium ratio (𝛽=1.99) and plasma renin activity (𝛽=−15.78) and percent change in plasma nitrite after hyperemia were associated with SBP changes at week one (all 𝑃<0.05). Plasma nitrite following hyperemia showed a treatment effect (𝑃=0.014) and increased at week two (𝑃=0.001). Pulse wave velocity decreased over time with DASH (trend 𝑃=0.019), and reached significance at week two (𝑃=0.026). This response may be mediated by an improvement in upregulation of nitric oxide bioavailability. Early natriuresis and reductions in oxidative stress cannot be ruled out. Future studies are needed to verify these findings, assess the possibility of earlier effects, and examine other potential mediators.
THE RELATION OF RECOMBINATION TO MUTATIONAL ADVANCE.

Abstract The method of calculation is shown wherebt a formula has been derived that approximately the ratio of the rate of accumulation of advantageous mutant genes in a population that undergoes recombination to the rate in an otherwise non-recombining one. A table is given showing the ratios thus found for different frequencies of advantageous mutations and different degrees of their advantage. It is shown that this calculation does not apply for mutant genes that act advantageously only when in some special combinations with one or more other mutant genes, and that as far as these cases of special synergism are concerned recombining lines have no evolutionary advantage over non-recombining ones. Other limitations of the formula are pointed out and assessed. It is explained that most factors that retard the rate of recombination—for expample, linkage, rarity of outbreeding, intercalation of sexual reproduction between more frequent cycles of sexual propagation, and partial isolation between subpopulations—must usually cause little long-term retardation of the speed of advance that is fostered by recombination. Moreover, even where long-term evolutions has virtually ceased, recombination of mutant genes still confers upon a population the means of adopting short-term genetic “dodges”, that adjust it to ecological and “physical” changes in its circumstances, much more rapidly than would be possible for a comparable asexual population. Under conditions where only stability of type is needed, a non-recombining does not actually degenerate as a result of an excess of mutation over selection, after the usual equilibrium between these pressures is reached. However, a irreversible ratchet mechanism exists in the non-recombining species (unlike the recombining ones) that prevents selection, even if intensified, from reducing the mutational loads below the lightest that were in existence when the intensified selection started, whereas, contrariwise, “drift”, and what might be called “selective noise” must allow occasional slips of the lightest loads in the direction of increased weight.
Growth of GaAs with orientation-patterned structures for nonlinear optics

Abstract Orientation-patterned AlGaAs/GaAs nonlinear waveguides have great potential for all optical-wavelength switching in wavelength division multiplexed optical networks. Unfortunately, the fabrication of such devices has been unsatisfactory due to the difficulties in the growth of GaAs on Ge, as well as regrowth of GaAs on orientation-patterned substrates. In this paper, we describe development of a growth technique of GaAs on Ge to suppress the generation of antiphase domain defects, which are a general characteristic of all polar-on-nonpolar growth. We fabricated low-loss nonlinear optical waveguides and demonstrated second-harmonic generation (SHG) that doubles the wavelength of 1550–775 nm. A record-high conversion efficiency of 43% W was achieved. These achievements provide a solid basis for the fabrication of highly efficient nonlinear optical devices.
Emitter lifetime and velocity distribution in the collisionless IR multiphoton excitation of chromyl chloride

Abstract The collisionless infrared multiphoton exeitation of chromyl chlonde is studied systematically. An attempt is made to find the parentage of the induced visible emission.
FROM MY PERSPECTIVE Avoiding ''The Big Mistake'' in forecasting technology adoption $

,1End-Use Forecasting Group, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy AnalysisDepartment, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Building 90-4000, 1 Cyclotron Road,University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAReceived 10 May 2000; received in revised form 30 May 2001; accepted 1 June 2001Keywords: Forecasting; Technology adoption; Policy analysis; Analytical pitfalls
Contribution of deep-seated bedrock landslides to erosion of a glaciated basin in southern Alaska

Landslides represent a key component of catchment-scale denudation, though their relative contribution to the erosion of glaciated basins is not well known. Bedrock landslide contribution was investigated on the surface of one of eleven glaciers on a glaciated ridge in the Chugach-St Elias Range of southern Alaska, where the debris from four major landslides is easily distinguished from moraines and other supraglacial material. A series of aerial and satellite photos from 1972 to 2000 and field observations in 2001 and 2002 indicate that three of four landslides have fallen onto the surface of the glacier since about 1978. The landslides, which originated from the steeply dipping (60‐70°) bedrock walls, were deposited onto the glacier in the ablation zone and are currently being transported downstream supraglacially. Individual glacial valleys with topographic relief of ~400 m are cut into highgrade metamorphic rock characterized by a steep north-dipping foliation and fractured by numerous large joints. Measurements of landslide area and average thickness obtained from high-resolution survey data indicate a total landslide volume of ~2·3 × 10 5 m 3 . This volume suggests a basin-averaged erosion rate from landslides of 0·48 mm a −1 . An overall basin-scale erosion rate of 0·7 to 1·7 mm a − − − − −1 can be inferred, but depends on the percentage of the totalbasin sediment yield contributed by supraglacial sources. A mean rockwall retreat rate of 6·7 mm a −1 is calculated and is considerably higher than published rates, which range from 0·04 to 4·0 mm a −1 . Controls on landslide generation include seismicity, freeze‐thaw processes, topography, rock strength, and debuttressing. It is likely all of these factors contribute to failure, although the primary controls for the landslides in this study are thought to be rock strength and topography. The absence of landslides on ten of the eleven glaciers on this ridge is attributed to landslide magnitude‐frequency relationships and short temporal scale of this study. Large-volume bedrock landslides (>100 000 m 3 ) may have low frequency, occurring less than once in a 55-year time frame. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avowals: Expression, Security, and Knowledge: Reply to Matthew Boyle, David Rosenthal, and Maura Tumulty

In my reply to Boyle, Rosenthal, and Tumulty, I revisit my view of avowals’ security as a matter of a special immunity to error, their character as intentional expressive acts that employ self-ascriptive vehicles (without being grounded in self-beliefs), Moore’s paradox, the idea of expressing as contrasting with reporting and its connection to showing one’s mental state, and the ‘performance equivalence’ between avowals and other expressive acts.
Comparison and correlates of three preference-based health-related quality-of-life measures among overweight and obese women with urinary incontinence.

Purpose To compare three preference-based health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) measures and examine independent correlates of HRQL among overweight and obese women with urinary incontinence (UI) enrolled in a weight loss intervention trial.
Laser optoacoustic imaging for breast cancer diagnostics: limit of detection and comparison with x-ray and ultrasound imaging

Laser optoacoustic imaging is a promising diagnostic technique for early breast cancer detection. Capability of laser optoacoustic imaging for visualization of small spherical tumor phantoms located within the bulk collagen gels was studied. The experiments were performed with breast phantoms made of optically turbid collagen gel. Optical properties of the phantom resembled the optical properties of human breast at the wavelength of irradiation, 1064 nm ((mu) a equals 0.11 1/cm, (mu) s' equals 2.92 1/cm). Gel spheres with a higher absorption coefficient, (mu) v equals 0.75 1/cm were used to simulate tumors. The experiments demonstrated the capability of laser optoacoustic imaging to detect and localize 2-mm 'tumors' at a depth of up to 60 mm within 100-mm thick breast phantoms. Laser optoacoustic images of the phantom tumors were reconstructed from experimentally measured pressure profiles. The optoacoustic images were compared with images obtained with x-ray mammography and ultrasonography. Comparative study revealed experimental conditions and phantom structure for which the laser optoacoustic imaging outperformed both the x-ray mammography and the ultrasonography. The results suggest that the laser optoacoustic imaging may occupy an important niche in breast cancer diagnostics, particularly, for diagnosis of small tumors in radiologically dense and acoustically homogeneous breast tissues.
Differential diagnosis of a patient referred to physical therapy with neck pain: a case study of a patient with an atypical presentation of angina

AbstractBackground and purpose:A 64-year-old man with acute onset neck pain was referred to physical therapy by a neurosurgeon. The purpose of this case study is to examine the process of differential diagnosis in a patient with neck pain and to discuss common diagnostic errors that can occur in the outpatient setting.Case description:The patient had an 8-week history of neck pain, which was worse when running and lifting objects. He presented with imaging of the cervical spine demonstrating degenerative changes. During the examination, several differential diagnoses were considered. A thorough physical examination of the cervical spine and upper quarter failed to reproduce his symptoms. At that time, the physical therapist was suspicious that the origin of the patient’s neck pain was non-mechanical in nature. Additional testing during the examination included having the patient exercise briefly on gym equipment; this reproduced his symptoms. After additional positional and postural changes did not allevi...
A partial differential equation approach to multidimensional extrapolation

In this short note, a general methodology for multidimensional extrapolation is presented. The approach assumes a level set function exists which separates the region of known values from the region to be extrapolated. It is shown that arbitrary orders of polynomial extrapolation can be formulated by simply solving a series of linear partial differential equations (PDEs). Examples of constant, linear and quadratic extrapolation are given.
Microdetermination of carbon in organic compounds by the flask combustion procedure

Abstract A procedure for microdetermination of carbon content of organic compounds is described. The sample is decomposed in a specially designed combustion flask. The carbon dioxide produced is absorbed in an alkaline barium chloride absorbing solution. The precipitated barium carbonate is dissolved in an excess of hydrochloric acid. The carbon content is determined by back titration. The determined values on various standard compounds were found to agree with the calculated value by 0.3% (relative) or better. The precision (average deviation from the mean) was found to be about ±0.1% absolute. Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and/or halogens do not exhibit any significant interference.
Inhibition of the Thioesterase Activity of Human Fatty Acid Synthase by 1,4- and 9,10-Diones

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the enzyme that synthesizes fatty acids de novo in human cells. Although FASN is generally expressed at low levels in most normal tissues, its expression is highly upregulated in many cancers. Consistent with this notion, inhibition of FASN activity has demonstrated potential to halt proliferation and induce cell death in vitro and to block tumor growth in vivo. Consequently, FASN is widely recognized as a valuable therapeutic target. In this report, we describe a variety of 1,4-quinones and 9,10-anthraquinones, including several natural compounds and some newly synthesized compounds, that potently inhibit the thioesterase (TE) domain of FASN. Inhibition of recombinant TE activity, inhibition of cellular FASN, and cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts, is shown for the most potent inhibitors. Collectively, the data illustrate the novel inhibitory capacity of the 1,4-quinone and 9,10-anthraquinone pharmacophores against FASN.
Foveal sensitivity changes in retinitis pigmentosa.

Loss in foveal sensitivity in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been attributed to a decrease in quantal catching ability. Using a psychophysical technique (the probe–flash paradigm), we previously found that the results obtained for six RP patients under light adapted conditions were not consistent with a quantal catch hypothesis. To test further this hypothesis twelve RP patients were examined in dark adapted conditions. Probe thresholds were normal for five patients and increased for seven patients. The decreased quantal catching hypothesis was rejected for six of the seven patients.
Autothermal reforming of methanol: Experiments and modeling

Abstract A bench-scale fixed-bed reactor for the autothermal reforming (ATR) of methanol under near-adiabatic conditions was constructed to experimentally demonstrate the conversion of methanol to hydrogen over a copper-based catalyst. Axial distribution of air through multiple porous ceramic membranes was employed to limit the peak temperature within the catalyst bed, which is critical for the stability of copper-based catalysts. Methanol conversion, product selectivities, and temperatures were measured at discrete axial positions as a function of H 2 O:C ratios, feed temperatures, pressures, and two different air distributor designs. The effect of space velocity was implicitly studied via the axial composition profile measurements while the O 2 :C ratio was adjusted to achieve an overall methanol conversion exceeding 90%. The use of a copper-based catalyst with distributed air injection resulted in low CO effluent concentration of ca. 1.3% at a feed temperature of 200 °C, H 2 O:C ratio of 1.0, O 2 :C ratio of 0.11, and total pressure between 2 and 5 bar. Distributed air injection limits the peak bed temperature to 280 °C while injection of air over a narrow front results in a peak temperature of ca. 575 °C. The CO composition was found to be primarily a function of temperature and H 2 O:C ratio, with CO yield minimized at low temperature and high H 2 O:C. The system was simulated using an adiabatic 1D reactor model comprising kinetic rate expressions of Peppley et al. [B.A. Peppley, J.C. Amphlett, L.M. Kearns, R.F. Mann, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 179 (1999) 31–49]. Very good agreement between data and model was achieved by assuming the oxidation reaction to be instantaneous (limited by oxygen supply). The results support a phenomenological view that the exothermic oxidation reactions occur in a narrow zone in close proximity to the porous membranes, leaving the bulk of the catalyst between membrane tubes in the reduced state and therefore active for conducting the endothermic reforming reactions.