cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the biaxial strength properties of braided and laminated carbon fiber composites

Abstract This paper presents the results of a series of biaxial tests to measure the strength of 2-D braided carbon/ epoxy specimens, and compares the measured strength with that of laminations constructed with similar materials and fiber orientations. Braided preforms are currently being considered as replacements for laminated structures, because of the potential of cost saving and possible increases in interlaminar strength. However, lower in-plane strengths would be anticipated relative to laminations, particularly in the braid direction, because of the undulation in the braid fiber paths. It was found that in the braid specimen failures controlled by the axial fibers, reasonably similar values of ultimate strength were measured for braids and laminates, with the braid specimens being somewhat lower because of irregularities in the axial fibers that were related to the various braid designs. However, the strength of the braid specimens in failures controlled by the braid direction fibers was much lower than in laminates, corresponding to as much as 60–70% strength loss relative to laminates.
Fibromyalgia and Related Conditions

Fibromyalgia is the currently preferred term for widespread musculoskeletal pain, typically accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, memory problems, and sleep and mood disturbances, for which no alternative cause can be identified. Earlier there was some doubt about whether there was an "organic basis" for these related conditions, but today there is irrefutable evidence from brain imaging and other techniques that this condition has strong biological underpinnings, even though psychological, social, and behavioral factors clearly play prominent roles in some patients. The pathophysiological hallmark is a sensitized or hyperactive central nervous system that leads to an increased volume control or gain on pain and sensory processing. This condition can occur in isolation, but more often it co-occurs with other conditions now being shown to have a similar underlying pathophysiology (eg, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, and tension headache) or as a comorbidity in individuals with diseases characterized by ongoing peripheral damage or inflammation (eg, autoimmune disorders and osteoarthritis). In the latter instance, the term centralized pain connotes the fact that in addition to the pain that might be caused by peripheral factors, there is superimposed pain augmentation occurring in the central nervous system. It is important to recognize this phenomenon (regardless of what term is used to describe it) because individuals with centralized pain do not respond nearly as well to treatments that work well for peripheral pain (surgery and opioids) and preferentially respond to centrally acting analgesics and nonpharmacological therapies.
ENSO's effect on Alaska during opposite phases of the Arctic Oscillation

The NCEP Reanalysis and station data are used to investigate how the winter weather of Alaska during El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events has varied during different phases of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Much greater 500-hPa geopotential height, 1000-hPa air temperature, and precipitation anomalies in association with ENSO tend to occur in the negative phase of the AO; these anomalies cannot be attributed to the AO on its own. Analysis of case-to-case variability indicates that the ENSO/AO composite results are robust. It is also shown that much of the variability of the ‘Pacific pole’ of the AO is associated with those winters with El Nino/AO- and La Nina/AO+ conditions, suggesting that this pole is much less robust than its counterpart in the North Atlantic. To the extent that winter mean state of the AO can be predicted, our results indicate that incorporation of the state of the AO would provide useful information for improving seasonal weather forecasts in the vicinity of Alaska. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Global health in conflict. Understanding opposition to vitamin A supplementation in India.

Vitamin A supplementation is a public health intervention that clinical trials have suggested can significantly improve child survival in the developing world. Yet, prominent scientists in India have questioned its scientific validity, opposed its implementation, and accused its advocates of corruption and greed. It is ironic that these opponents were among the pioneers of populationwide vitamin A supplementation for ocular health. Historically, complex interests have shaped vitamin A supplementation resistance in India. Local social and nutritional revolutions and shifting international paradigms of global health have played a role. Other resistance movements in Indian history, such as those in response to campaigns for bacillus Calmette-Guerin and novel vaccines, have been structured around similar themes. Public health resistance is shaped by the cultural and political context in which it develops. Armed with knowledge of the history of a region and patterns of past resistance, public health practitioners can better understand how to negotiate global health conflicts.
CD4 cell priming and tolerization are differentially programmed by APCs upon initial engagement.

Bone marrow-derived APCs present both parenchymal-self and pathogen-derived Ags in a manner that elicits either T cell tolerization or immunity, respectively. To study the parameters that confer tolerogenic vs immunogenic APC function we used an adoptive transfer system in which naive TCR transgenic hemagglutinin (HA)-specific CD4+ T cells are either tolerized upon encountering HA expressed constitutively as a parenchymal self-Ag (self-HA) or primed to express effector function upon encountering transiently expressed vaccinia-derived HA (viral-HA). When the duration of viral-HA presentation was extended for the period required to elicit tolerization toward self-HA, CD4 cell tolerization to viral-HA did not occur. Furthermore, CD4 cells exhibited both phenotypic as well as functional differences during early stages of tolerization and priming, suggesting that these divergent differentiation processes are programmed soon after the initial APC-CD4 cell interaction. When mice expressing self-HA were infected with an irrelevant vaccinia, CD4 cell tolerization still occurred, indicating that priming vs tolerization cannot be explained by pathogen-induced third parties (i.e., non-APCs) that act directly on CD4 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that CD4 cell tolerization to parenchymal self-Ags and priming to pathogen-derived Ags are initiated by functionally distinct APCs.
Cognitive Change in Heart Failure A Systematic Review

Background— Cognitive impairment, highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), increases risk for hospitalization and mortality. However, the course of cognitive change in HF is not well characterized. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the available evidence longitudinal changes in cognitive function in patients with HF. Methods and Results— A literature search of several electronic databases was performed. Studies published from January 1, 1980, to September 30, 2012, that used validated measures to diagnose HF and assess cognitive function ≥2× in adults with HF were eligible for inclusion. Change in cognitive function was examined in the context of HF treatments applied (eg, medication initiation, left ventricular assist device implantation), length of follow-up, and comparison group. Fifteen studies met eligibility criteria. Significant decline in cognitive function was noted among patients with HF followed up for >1 year. Improvements in cognition were observed among patients with HF undergoing interventions to improve cardiac function (eg, heart transplantation) and among patients examined over short time periods (<1 year). Studies comparing patients' cognition over time with their own baseline tended to report improvements, whereas studies using a comparison group without HF tended to report declines or stability in cognition over time among patients with HF. Conclusions— Patients with HF are at increased risk for cognitive decline, but this risk seems to be modifiable with cardiac treatment. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms that cause cognitive changes in HF.
Appetite Suppression and Weight Reduction by a Centrally Active Aminosterol

The rise in obesity and its complications has generated enormous interest in the regulation of feeding and body weight. We show that a spermine metabolite of cholesterol (MSI-1436) decreases body weight, specifically fat, by suppressing feeding and preventing the reduction in energy expenditure, hormonal changes, and patterns of neuropeptide expression normally associated with weight loss. MSI-1436 enters the brain after peripheral injection and is more potent when injected into the cerebral ventricle (intracerebroventricular [ICV]). Systemic or ICV MSI-1436 administration induced similar patterns of Fos immunoreactivity in the brain, especially the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). This brain region integrates neural signals from hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei and regulates feeding behavior, autonomic function, and neuroendocrine function. Microinjection of MSI-1436 into the PVN potently suppressed feeding and reduced body weight for several days. Unlike caloric restriction, MSI-1436 decreased mRNA levels of agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus. These findings indicate that MSI-1436 acts in the brain to regulate food intake and energy expenditure, likely through suppression of orexigenic hypothalamic pathways.
Immigration and Integration Studies in Western Europe and the United States: The Road Less Traveled and a Path Ahead

This article examines the significant contributions of recent research on immigration and integration in Europe and North America and highlights the potential of such research to influence the social sciences. The first part of the article advances a framework for analyzing four types of scholarship and then applies that framework to the study of immigration and integration. Type 1 scholarship develops theoretical or conceptual insights for scholars within a subfield, type 2 tests or refines theories that are specific to a particular dimension of the subfield, type 3 imports broader comparative or social scientific concepts to reshape the study of a topic within a subfield, and type 4 uses evidence from a subfield to develop theoretical tools that can be applied more broadly in the social sciences. The second part of the article reviews four books that highlight the empirical frontiers of immigration and integration research. Each book tends to epitomize one of the four types of scholarship, but together they demonstrate the possibility of making contributions on multiple registers. The article concludes by suggesting promising frontiers within the immigration and integration subfield and by defining the concept of a comparative politics of identity and sketching out its terrain. Since immigration and integration researchers are centrally interested in the role of identity in politics, they have the potential to be pivotal in advancing this new arena of inquiry.
SERAT: SEcure role mApping technique for decentralized secure interoperability

Multi-domain application environments where distributed domains interoperate with each other are becoming a reality in internet-based and web-services based enterprise applications. The secure interoperation in a multidomain environment is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a distributed secure interoperability protocol that ensures secure interoperation of the multiple collaborating domains without compromising the security of collaborating domains. We introduce the idea of access paths and access paths constraints. Furthermore, we device a path discovery algorithm that is capable of querying interoperating domains for the set of secure access paths between different domains.
Macroscopic optical physiological parameters correlate with microscopic proliferation and vessel area breast cancer signatures

Non-invasive diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) can detect and characterize breast cancer and predict tumor responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even in patients with radiographically dense breasts. However, the relationship between measured optical parameters and pathological biomarker information needs to be further studied to connect information from optics to traditional clinical cancer biology. Thus we investigate how optically measured physiological parameters in malignant tumors such as oxy-, deoxy-hemoglobin concentration, tissue blood oxygenation, and metabolic rate of oxygen correlate with microscopic histopathological biomarkers from the same malignant tumors, e.g., Ki67 proliferation markers, CD34 stained vasculature markers and nuclear morphology. In this pilot study, we investigate correlations of macroscopic physiological parameters of malignant tumors measured by diffuse optical technologies with microscopic histopathological biomarkers of the same tumors, i.e., the Ki67 proliferation marker, the CD34 stained vascular properties marker, and nuclear morphology. The tumor-to-normal relative ratio of Ki67-positive nuclei is positively correlated with DOT-measured relative tissue blood oxygen saturation (R = 0.89, p-value: 0.001), and lower tumor-to-normal deoxy-hemoglobin concentration is associated with higher expression level of Ki67 nuclei (p-value: 0.01). In a subset of the Ki67-negative group (defined by the 15 % threshold), an inverse correlation between Ki67 expression level and mammary metabolic rate of oxygen was observed (R = −0.95, p-value: 0.014). Further, CD34 stained mean-vessel-area in tumor is positively correlated with tumor-to-normal total-hemoglobin and oxy-hemoglobin concentration. Finally, we find that cell nuclei tend to have more elongated shapes in less oxygenated DOT-measured environments. Collectively, the pilot data are consistent with the notion that increased blood is supplied to breast cancers, and it also suggests that less conversion of oxy- to deoxy-hemoglobin occurs in more proliferative cancers. Overall, the observations corroborate expectations that macroscopic measurements of breast cancer physiology using DOT and DCS can reveal microscopic pathological properties of breast cancer and hold potential to complement pathological biomarker information.
Using fuzzy logic for robust event detection in wireless sensor networks

Event detection is a central component in numerous wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Nevertheless, the area of event description has not received enough attention. The majority of current event description and detection approaches rely on using precise values to specify event thresholds. However, we believe that crisp values cannot adequately handle the often imprecise sensor readings. In this paper we demonstrate that using fuzzy values instead of crisp ones significantly improves the accuracy of event detection. We also show that our fuzzy logic approach provides higher event detection accuracy than two well-established classification algorithms. A disadvantage of using fuzzy logic is the exponentially growing size of the fuzzy logic rule-base. As sensor nodes have limited memory, storing large rule-bases could be a challenge. To address this issue, we have developed a number of techniques that help reduce the size of the rule-base by more than 70%, while preserving the event detection accuracy.
Emotion and Emotion Regulation: Two Sides of the Developing Coin

Systems theory holds that emotional responses derive from the continuous, mutual interaction between multiple neurobiological and behavioral systems associated with emotion as they are contextually embedded. Developmental systems theory portrays these systems as becoming progressively integrated as they mature. From this perspective, regulatory processes are incorporated into emotion throughout the course of emotional development. This article examines the implications of developmental systems theory in understanding the association between emotion and emotion regulation, enlisting the functionalist orientation of contemporary emotions theory, a broad portrayal of emotion regulatory influences, and attention to the role of context in the management of emotion.
Polarization properties and dispersion relations for spiral resonances of a dielectric rod

Dielectric microcavities based on cylindrical and deformed cylindrical shapes have been employed as resonators for microlasers. Such systems support spiral resonances with finite momentum along the cylinder axis. For such modes the boundary conditions do not separate, and simple TM and TE polarization states do not exist. We formulate a theory for the dispersion relations and polarization properties of such resonances for an infinite dielectric rod of arbitrary cross section and then solve for these quantities for the case of a circular cross section (cylinder). Useful analytic formulas are obtained using the eikonal (Einstein–Brillouin–Keller) method, which are shown to be excellent approximations to the exact results from the wave equation. The major finding is that the polarization of the radiation emitted into the far field is linear up to a polarization critical angle (PCA) at which it changes to elliptical. The PCA always lies between the Brewster’s and total-internal-reflection angles for the dielectric, as is shown by an analysis based on the Jones matrices of the spiraling rays.
Ionomics: The functional genomics of elements

Ionomics is the study of elemental accumulation in living systems using high-throughput elemental profiling. This approach has been applied extensively in plants for forward and reverse genetics, screening diversity panels, and modeling of physiological states. In this review, I will discuss some of the advantages and limitations of the ionomics approach as well as the important parameters to consider when designing ionomics experiments, and how to evaluate ionomics data.
Separate myocardial ethanolamine phosphotransferase activities responsible for plasmenylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis

Ethanolamine phosphotransferase (EPT) is a key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. Plasmenylethanolamine is a predominant molecular subclass of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in the heart. The present study was designed to identify the selective use of 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol as a substrate for EPT as a mechanism responsible for the predominance of plasmenylethanolamine in the rabbit heart. EPT activity in rabbit myocardial membranes using 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol as substrate is activated by Mn2+, inhibited by dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and is unaffected by Ca2+. In contrast, ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity using 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol as substrate is inhibited by Mn2+ and Ca2+, but is activated by DTNB. Additionally, ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity using 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol substrate was more sensitive to thermal denaturation compared with that of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol. Taken together, these results suggest that separate ethanolamine phosphotransferase activities are present in heart membranes that are responsible for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and plasmenylethanolamine.
Biología del envejecimiento

Estudios de la biologia del envejecimiento han dado un vuelco significativo en el ultimo decenio. Aparte de una mayor comprension de los aspectos fisiologicos, un avance importante ha sido la identificacion de al menos una centena de genes que controlan el proceso. El mecanismo de accion de estos genes se enmarca dentro de unas pocas teorias que podrian dar una explicacion global del fenomeno, entre las que contamos la acumulacion de dano por radicales libres, la senescencia celular y el agotamiento de la capacidad regenerativa a traves de la activacion de celulas troncales. En esta revision nos concentraremos en dichos aspectos biologicos, con especial enfasis en los modelos animales utilizados para estudiar la genetica y fisiologia del envejecimiento, y aproximaciones experimentales para probar o refutar las teorias nombradas anteriormente. Cabe destacar que, aunque el enfasis es en los aspectos puramente biologicos, no se debe olvidar que el vertiginoso envejecimiento de la poblacion mundial, incluido Chile, necesita ademas de un rapido avance en nuestra comprension de las implicancias sociales y economicas.
Mechanism for the effects of extracellular acidification on HERG-channel function.

Humanether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) encodes a K channel similar to the rapid delayed rectifier channel current (I Kr) in cardiac myocytes. Modulation ofI Kr by extracellular acidosis under patho...
Historical development of Lynch syndrome

One hundred years have passed since Aldred Warthin published the first report of a family with the combination of nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and extracolonic cancers that is now recognized as Lynch syndrome. His work from 1913 was rediscovered in the 1960s, when more families with the syndrome, then called “cancer family syndrome,” were recognized. In the 1990s, causal mutations were identified in mismatch repair genes; this led to greater scientific acceptance of the disorder, as well as to the ability to determine which family members were at increased cancer risk and thereby in need of rigorous surveillance and management strategies. Since that time, our knowledge of the syndrome, albeit still incomplete, has continued to increase. However, a great deal of work still needs to be done in order to realize the potential of translation of this knowledge to clinical use.
Mechanisms Underlying Astrocyte Endfeet Swelling in Stroke

Astrocyte endfeet envelop the cerebral capillaries that form the blood-brain barrier. Swelling of these endfeet occurs early in cerebral ischemia. It is generally hypothesized that such swelling occurs as the result of factors released from parenchymal brain cells during an ischemic stroke (e.g., K(+) and L-glutamate). In this review of mechanisms that can elicit astrocyte swelling in ischemic stroke, we hypothesize that, instead or in addition, such swelling may be a response to blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Astrocyte endfeet swelling may help form a cuff around a damaged vessel that limits the egress of plasma constituents and blood (hemorrhage) into brain.
When security games go green: designing defender strategies to prevent poaching and illegal fishing

Building on the successful applications of Stackelberg Security Games (SSGs) to protect infrastructure, researchers have begun focusing on applying game theory to green security domains such as protection of endangered animals and fish stocks. Previous efforts in these domains optimize defender strategies based on the standard Stackelberg assumption that the adversaries become fully aware of the defender's strategy before taking action. Unfortunately, this assumption is inappropriate since adversaries in green security domains often lack the resources to fully track the defender strategy. This paper (i) introduces Green Security Games (GSGs), a novel game model for green security domains with a generalized Stackelberg assumption; (ii) provides algorithms to plan effective sequential defender strategies -- such planning was absent in previous work; (iii) proposes a novel approach to learn adversary models that further improves defender performance; and (iv) provides detailed experimental analysis of proposed approaches.
Solvent-Induced Variations in Surface Structure of a 2,9,16,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-phthalocyanine on Graphite

The growth and ordering of copper-substituted and free-base 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl-phthalocyanine on a graphite surface at the solution−solid interface can be controlled by solvent choice. One-dimensional ordered molecular layers having the molecular plane lying parallel to the graphite substrate were obtained at the octylbenzene solution−graphite interface at room temperature. The arrangement was changed to two different two-dimensionally ordered lattices by replacing the solvent with bromine-substituted octylbenzenes. The free base and copper complexes gave the same surface structures in octylbenzene and in 1-bromo-4-n-octylbenzene, indicating that the central metal ion was not playing a critical role in determining the surface structure. These structures were determined from the analysis of the images with scanning tunneling microscopy.
Enhanced Partitioned Procedures for Solving Nonlinear Transient Aeroelastic Problems

We overview two sequential and parallel partitioned procedures that are popular in computational nonlinear aeroelasticity, and address their limitation in terms of accuracy and numerical stability. We propose two alternative serial and parallel staggered algorithms for the solution of coupled transient aeroelastic problems, and demonstrate their superior accuracy and computational efficiency with the flutter analysis of the AGARD Wing 445.6. We contrast our results with those computed by other investigators and validate them with experimental data.
Volume by Optical Displacement

By measuring multispectral absorption of the light transmitted through a cell surrounded by dye, we demonstrate a method to quantify the volume of a cell invariant to its shape or optical properties.
Two Patterns of Establishing Trust: The Marijuana User

Abstract Trust has been little investigated outside the experimental laboratory situation, and its processual aspects have largely been neglected (cf. Swinth, 1967). Two common interactional patterns through which the marijuana user establishes the relationships of trust necessary for his drug-related activity are examined. The “disclosure pattern” occurs in three stages and provides the marijuana user with a coherent set of “identity documents” (Gross and Stone, 1964) as a basis for defining another person as trustworthy. The “extension pattern” provides the marijuana user with a trusted third party's definition of another as trustworthy as a basis for defining that other as trustworthy. It is suggested that these two interactional patterns may occur among groups as well as between individuals.
Multiagent Coordination Optimization Based Model Predictive Control Strategy With Application to Balanced Resource Allocation

Model predictive control (MPC) is a heuristic control strategy to find a consequence of best controllers during each finite-horizon regarding to certain performance functions of a dynamic system. MPC involves two main operations: estimation and optimization. Due to high complexity of the performance functions, such as, nonlinear, non-convex, large-scale objective functions, the optimization algorithms for MPC must be capable of handling those problems with both computational efficiency and accuracy. Multiagent coordination optimization (MCO) is a recently developed heuristic algorithm by embedding multiagent coordination into swarm intelligence to accelerate the searching process for the optimal solution in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. With only some elementary operations, the MCO algorithm can obtain the best solution extremely fast, which is especially necessary to solve the online optimization problems in MPC. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an MCO based MPC strategy to enhance the performance of the MPC controllers when addressing non-convex large-scale nonlinear problems. Moreover, as an application, the network resource balanced allocation problem is numerically illustrated by the MCO based MPC strategy.© 2014 ASME
Electronic Coupling–Decoupling-Dependent Single-Molecule Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics in Electrostatically Attached Porphyrin on TiO2 Nanoparticles

Factors controlling the interfacial electron-transfer (ET) dynamics in molecule–semiconductor systems have been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we study dynamics of interfacial ET on Zn(II) meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetrachloride (ZnTMPyP)–TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) system using single-molecule photon-stamping spectroscopy while electrostatically controlling the coupling between ZnTMPyP and TiO2 NP by changing the surface charge of the TiO2 NP. The single-molecule fluorescence trajectories show strong fluctuation and blinking between bright and dark states providing clear indication for the binding affinity between ZnTMPyP and the TiO2 NP via electrostatic interaction. By changing the surface charge on the TiO2 NP, positive or negative, we are able to change the coupling between ZnTMPyP and the TiO2 NP, which is revealed from the dominant dark states distribution in fluorescence trajectories and shorter fluorescence lifetime of ZnTMPyP attached on negatively charged TiO2 NP surf...
Addressing Communicative Participation in Treatment Planning for Adults: A Survey of U.S. Speech-Language Pathologists

Purpose In speech-language pathology, there is increasing attention on participation-focused interventions to optimize participation in valued life roles. The purpose of this study was to investiga...
Written Testimony of David Min Before the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the House Financial Services Committee, 'Settling the Question: Did Bank Settlement Agreements Subvert Congressional Appropriations Powers?'

Written testimony on the question of whether the recent settlements negotiated by the U.S. Department of Justice with various financial institutions alleged to have engaged in fraud and misrepresentation related to the structuring and sale of residential mortgage-backed securities bypassed Congress's appropriations authority. I point out that these settlements (in particular, provisions allowing banks to donate to charitable groups engaged in foreclosure prevention and neighborhood stabilization efforts) are clearly permissible under the Miscellaneous Receipts Act, and further argue that they serve a number of important public policy goals that greatly outweigh the relatively minor (and largely theoretical) concerns that they raise.
Effects of rapeseed meal on laying hens (Gallus domesticus) in relation to fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome and egg taint.

Fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) occurred in the controls and was modified in hens that received a diet containing 10 per cent rapeseed meal. This diet increased the extent and severity of the hepatic haemorrhage without affecting the reticulin content of the liver but decreased the body weight and liver lipid levels and so weakened the correlation between these parameters and haemorrhage score found in FLHS. Plasma aspartate transaminase and β-glucuronidase activities tended to increase with the score. The rapeseed meal diet also produced thyroid hypertrophy and since this was greater in the hens that produced tainted eggs and was positively correlated with the trimethylamine (TMA) content of the eggs it was postulated that rapeseed meal goitrogens may be involved as secondary factors in producing the disturbance in TMA metabolism that causes the egg taint. This abnormality was associated with a reduction in the soluble protein content of the liver, which reflected a decrease in TMA oxidase activity, but was not related to hepatic haemorrhage, steatosis or reticulolysis, or to lipid levels and the activities of lysosomal enzymes and transaminases in the plasma.
CLOTTING TIMES AND ANTITHROMBIN III ACTIVITY IN CATS WITH NATURALLY DEVELOPING DISEASES : 85 CASES (1984-1994)

Objective To determine the prevalence of abnormalities of in vitro prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), or antithrombin III (ATIII) activity or all 3 variables in cats; and the association of abnormalities of these variables with naturally developing diseases or disorders. Design Retrospective study. Animals 85 cats from which blood had been obtained for measurement of a coagulation profile (PT, APTT, and ATIII activity) and concentration of fibrin degradation products. Procedure Medical records from the Texas AM most had multiple abnormalities. Twenty of these 38 cats had concurrent thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was identified in 9 of 47 cats in which results of the coagulation profile were normal. Most cats did not have clinical evidence of a coagulation disorder, and testing had been requested as part of a diagnostic work-up or before surgery. Diseases commonly associated with laboratory evidence of a coagulation disorder, either singly or in combination, included hepatic disease, neoplasia, and systemic infections. Clinical implications On the basis of laboratory evidence, hemostatic disorders develop more commonly in cats than clinical signs would suggest. Coagulation profiles may be warranted in high-risk cats to alert clinicians to potential problems.
TH‐EF‐207A‐04: A Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Cone Beam CT Technique for Evaluation of Renal Functions

Purpose: To develop a simple but robust method for the early detection and evaluation of renal functions using dynamic contrast enhanced cone beam CT technique. Methods: Experiments were performed on an integrated imaging and radiation research platform developed by our lab. Animals (n=3) were anesthetized with 20uL Ketamine/Xylazine cocktail, and then received 200uL injection of iodinated contrast agent Iopamidol via tail vein. Cone beam CT was acquired following contrast injection once per minute and up to 25 minutes. The cone beam CT was reconstructed with a dimension of 300×300×800 voxels of 130×130×130um voxel resolution. The middle kidney slices in the transvers and coronal planes were selected for image analysis. A double exponential function was used to fit the contrast enhanced signal intensity versus the time after contrast injection. Both pixel-based and region of interest (ROI)-based curve fitting were performed. Four parameters obtained from the curve fitting, namely the amplitude and flow constant for both contrast wash in and wash out phases, were investigated for further analysis. Results: Robust curve fitting was demonstrated for both pixel based (with R2>0.8 for >85% pixels within the kidney contour) and ROI based (R2>0.9 for all regions) analysis. Three different functional regions: renal pelvis, medulla and cortex, were clearly differentiated in the functional parameter map in the pixel based analysis. ROI based analysis showed the half-life T1/2 for contrast wash in and wash out phases were 0.98±0.15 and 17.04±7.16, 0.63±0.07 and 17.88±4.51, and 1.48±0.40 and 10.79±3.88 minutes for the renal pelvis, medulla and cortex, respectively. Conclusion: A robust method based on dynamic contrast enhanced cone beam CT and double exponential curve fitting has been developed to analyze the renal functions for different functional regions. Future study will be performed to investigate the sensitivity of this technique in the detection of radiation induced kidney dysfunction.
Fast Approximate Furthest Neighbors with Data-Dependent Candidate Selection

We present a novel strategy for approximate furthest neighbor search that selects a candidate set using the data distribution. This strategy leads to an algorithm, which we call DrusillaSelect, that is able to outperform existing approximate furthest neighbor strategies. Our strategy is motivated by an empirical study of the behavior of the furthest neighbor search problem, which lends intuition for where our algorithm is most useful. We also present a variant of the algorithm that gives an absolute approximation guarantee; under some assumptions, the guaranteed approximation can be achieved in provably less time than brute-force search. Performance studies indicate that DrusillaSelect can achieve comparable levels of approximation to other algorithms while giving up to an order of magnitude speedup. An implementation is available in the mlpack machine learning library (found at http://www.mlpack.org).
Family Roles as Family Functioning Regulators

The author examines the problems of formation and functioning of family roles. Having social roots, family roles appear on individual level by performing the social function of the formation of family as a social institute.
High confidence in falsely recognizing prototypical faces.

We applied a metacognitive approach to investigate confidence in recognition of prototypical faces. Participants were presented with sets of faces constructed digitally as deviations from prototype...
Hematopoietic Bone Marrow Hyperplasia of the Knee: Use of Out-of-Phase Gradient-Echo MR Imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides the unique opportunity to study the composition of bone marrow noninvasively and is frequently employed as a routine imaging modality in assessing bone marrow disorders (1). Conventional T1 - weighted spinecho MR images have been reported to afford good differentiation between hematopoietic (red) and fatty (yellow) marrow (1). The role of out-of-phase gradient-echo imaging techniques in differentiating between hematopoietic and fatty marrow has, however, not been adequately defined yet.
Physical Mapping of the Arabidopsis Genome and Its Applications

We are engaged in a project to construct a complete physical map of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome which will ultimately consist of a fully overlapping collection of cloned DNAs encompassing the five Arabidopsis linkage groups. There are several reasons for using Arabidopsis as a model system for the study of plant biology. Its short life cycle, small size and large seed output make it well suited for classical genetic analysis (reviewed in Meyerowitz, 1987). Mutations have been described affecting a wide range of fundamental developmental and metabolic processes (reviewed in Estelle and Somerville, 1986). A genetic linkage map consisting of some 100 loci has been assembled (Koornneef, 1987) and an increasing number of cloned genes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are available for correlation of the genetic map with the physical map (Chang et. al., 1988; Nam et. al., 1989). For molecular biological studies, Arabidopsis offers the additional advantages of having a very small genome (70,000 kb) and a remarkably low content of interspersed repetitive DNA (Pruitt and Meyerowitz, 1986). Both of these features are highly unusual among higher plants and suggest that the Arabidopsis genome is ideally suited for a physical mapping project.
Postoperative Care Issues

Care for the obstetrical patient in the postoperative period does not differ from the care provided to nonobstetrical patients with the exception of the concern for fetal well-being. The general recommendations for fetal monitoring after a surgical procedure are essentially the same as those for monitoring prior to or during the operation.
DC system stability and the the DC stability toolbox

Consider the system d x /dt = f(X) f(0)=0 Then the origin is an asymptotically stable equilibrium of the nonlinear system if A, the Jacobian matrix of f, evaluated at the origin, has all its eigenvalues in the open left-half plane.
Baseline Sensitivities of New Fungicides and Their Toxicity to Selected Life Stages of Phytophthora Species from Citrus in California

Phytophthora citrophthora, P. syringae, P. nicotianae, and P. hibernalis are important pathogens of citrus in California but few chemical treatments are currently available. In vitro toxicities of four new fungicides to isolates of Phytophthora spp. from California were determined. Mean effective concentration values to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% for ethaboxam, fluopicolide, mandipropamid, oxathiapiprolin, and mefenoxam were 0.068, 0.04, 0.004, 0.0003, and 0.039 µg/ml, respectively, for 62 isolates of P. citrophthora; 0.005, 0.045, 0.003, 0.0001, and 0.008 µg/ml, respectively, for 71 isolates of P. syringae; 0.016, 0.057, 0.005, 0.0005, and 0.183 µg/ml, respectively, for 31 isolates of P. nicotianae; and 0.030, 0.018, 0.005, 90) of 0.002 µg/ml, moderately sensitive to mandipropamid (EC>90 = 0.2 µg/ml) and mefenoxam (EC>90 = 0.6 µg/ml), and least sensitive to ethaboxam and fluopicolide (EC>90 = 1 µg/ml). Oospore formation of P. nicotianae was inhibited by ≥90% using oxathiapiprolin at 0.0004 µg/ml, mandipropamid at 0.02 µg/ml, ethaboxam at 0.1 µg/ml, or fluopicolide at 0.4 µg/ml, whereas 62% inhibition was obtained by mefenoxam at 40 µg/ml.
Super resolution PLIF demonstrated in turbulent jet flows seeded with I2

Abstract Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) represents an indispensable tool for flow and flame imaging. However, the PLIF technique suffers from limited spatial resolution or blurring in many situations, which restricts its applicability and capability. This work describes a new method, named SR-PLIF (super-resolution PLIF), to overcome these limitations and enhance the capability of PLIF. The method uses PLIF images captured simultaneously from two (or more) orientations to reconstruct a final PLIF image with resolution enhanced or blurring removed. This paper reports the development of the reconstruction algorithm, and the experimental demonstration of the SR-PLIF method both with controlled samples and with turbulent flows seeded with iodine vapor. Using controlled samples with two cameras, the spatial resolution in the best case was improved from 0.06 mm in the projections to 0.03 mm in the SR image, in terms of the spreading width of a sharp edge. With turbulent flows, an image sharpness measure was developed to quantify the spatial resolution, and SR reconstruction with two cameras can effectively improve the spatial resolution compared to the projections in terms of the sharpness measure.
Applying software-defined networking to minimize the end-to-end delay of network services

There is a grand challenge to transfer the gigantic volume of data generated from a variety of smart cities applications. It is an urgent need to efficiently and effectively transmit such time-sensitive data in a wide-area communication. In this paper, we propose an approach by leveraging Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to develop a communication solution for data transfers in smart city applications. Our approach is Quality of Service (QoS)-aware that minimizes the end-to-end delay for data transmission in an SDN infrastructure by using a Timestamp Recording method to compare the arrival and departure of flows and packets over a period. Finally, we evaluate our solution on the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI), a real-world federated testbed. We first compare the Timestamp Recording to other common delay measurement techniques. Our analysis demonstrates its effectiveness at scale. Additionally, we carefully examine the accuracy and efficiency in minimizing end-to-end delay delivered by our SDN solution with contrast to a non-optimized SDN environment. Our experiments demonstrate the proposed solution effective and efficient in delivering data with an optimal delay. Particularly, our solution reduces about 22% in end-to-end-delay compared to a non-optimized SDN environment.
Dynamic Movement Primitives -A Framework for Motor Control in Humans and Humanoid Robotics

Given the continuous stream of movements that biological systems exhibit in their daily activities, an account for such versatility and creativity has to assume that movement sequences consist of segments, executed either in sequence or with partial or complete overlap. Therefore, a fundamental question that has pervaded research in motor control both in artificial and biological systems revolves around identifying movement primitives (a.k.a. units of actions, basis behaviors, motor schemas, etc.). What are the fundamental building blocks that are strung together, adapted to, and created for ever new behaviors? This paper summarizes results that led to the hypothesis of Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMP). DMPs are units of action that are formalized as stable nonlinear attractor systems. They are useful for autonomous robotics as they are highly flexible in creating complex rhythmic (e.g., locomotion) and discrete (e.g., a tennis swing) behaviors that can quickly be adapted to the inevitable perturbations of a dynamically changing, stochastic environment. Moreover, DMPs provide a formal framework that also lends itself to investigations in computational neuroscience. A recent finding that allows creating DMPs with the help of well-understood statistical learning methods has elevated DMPs from a more heuristic to a principled modeling approach. Theoretical insights, evaluations on a humanoid robot, and behavioral and brain imaging data will serve to outline the framework of DMPs for a general approach to motor control in robotics and biology.
Use of Juvenile Wood

This chapter looks in detail at the major effect juvenile wood has on the yield and qualities of both solid wood and fiber products. Figure 8.1 shows the large strength differences between juvenile and mature wood, which are more dramatic than differences in specific gravities. Juvenile wood is of importance in industry (Smith 1962), and as Polge (1964) pointed out, an important future need in forestry is to solve problems related to the use of juvenile wood.
Antithrombin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles Improve Renal Allograft Function in a Murine Deceased Criteria Donor Model.

Background Over 100 000 patients await renal transplantation and 4000 die per year. Compounding this mismatch between supply and demand is delayed graft function which contributes to short-term and long-term graft failures. Previously, we reported that thrombin-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFC-NP) protect kidneys from ischemic renal injury after transient arterial occlusion. Here we hypothesize that perfusion of renal allografts with PFC-NP similarly can protect graft function after an ischemic interval. Methods After 60 minutes of warm ischemia, male Lewis rats underwent left renal explantation followed by renal perfusion with 5 mL of standard perfusate alone (N = 3) or with 0.3 mL of untargeted PFC-NP (N = 5) or 0.3 mL thrombin-targeted of PFC NP functionalized with phenylalanine-proline-arginine-chloromethylketone (PPACK) (PFC-PPACK), an irreversible thrombin inhibitor (N = 5). Kidneys underwent 6 hours of cold storage, followed by transplantation into recipients and native nephrectomy. Animals were euthanized at 24 hours for tissue collection or at 48 hours for blood and renal tissue collection. A survival experiment was performed using the same protocol with saline control (N = 3), PFC-NP (N = 3) or PFC-PPACK (N = 6). Results Serum creatinine was improved for the PFC-PPACK groups as compared with control groups (P < 0.04). Kaplan-Meier survival curves also indicated increased longevity (P < 0.05). Blinded histologic scoring revealed markedly attenuated renal damage in the PFC-PPACK group compared to untreated animals (2.75 ± 1.60 versus 0.83 ± 3.89; P = 0.0001) and greater preservation of renal vasculature. Conclusions These results validate an NP-based approach to improve renal graft function as antithrombin NPs improved allograft function, decreased renal damage, protected vasculature, and improved longevity.
The influence of flow and other environmental factors on benthic invertebrates in the Sacramento River, U.S.A.

We examined how community composition of benthic invertebrates was related to current velocities and other environmental variables within the Sacramento River in California, USA. Invertebrates were collected in 1998 and 1999 from 10 sites over a gradient of 187 river kilometers. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that current velocity was the most important variable explaining community composition. Other predicator variables that influenced community composition included periphyton biomass, altitude, and disturbance. Because of the importance of velocity in structuring benthic communities in this system, alterations of flow caused by changes in river regulation structures should be carefully considered.