cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Anatomical and Histological Observation of Appendix in Several Congenital Malformation Fetus

Purposes: To study the anatomical and histological structure of appendix of congenital malformation fetus,and to discuss the relationships between several malformations and the development of appendix.Methods: Using morphological method,to dissect and observe the appendix of congenital malformation fetus,and to make the paraffin sections and observe the histological structures under the light-microscope.Results: in ten cases of three categories of congenital malformation fetus,the morphological and histological structures of appendix in syndactylia fetus,omphalo-thoracopagus twins and in anencephaly fetus show no obvious abnormity.Conclusions: Different congenital malformations have no obvious effects in the development of fetus's appendix.
Therapeutic Brain Stimulation Trials in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Abstract Clinical trials incorporating non-invasive brain stimulation have explored interventions for improvements in motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Trials performed applying two specific forms of stimulation, transcranial direct-current stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, are presented within this chapter. Additionally, we discuss specific considerations when designing and implementing a clinical trial with non-invasive brain stimulation in this specific pediatric population.
Mapping the Second World War: The History of the War through Maps from 1939 to 1945. By Peter Chasseaud, in association with The Imperial War Museum

This book charts the course of the Second World War through a fascinating assortment of historical maps, supported by historical photographs and expert commentary, giving a new perspective on the c...
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Infusion Test in the Distinction of Hypopituitary Patients from Normal Subjects*

We undertook a pilot study to determine whether infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) might improve the distinction of hypogonadotropinism from the normal state and might permit gonadotropin deficiency to be diagnosed in the prepubertal child. Normal prepubertal and pubertal boys had a greater luteinizing hormone (LH) reaction (Δ LH 54 ± 15 [SD] ng/ml and 165 ± 23 ng/ml, respectively) to a 4-hour infusion (100 µg/hour) than to a 100µg bolus of GnRH (19 ± 9 and 52 ± 35 ng/ml). These augmented responses were observed in boys with delayed puberty, but not in apparently hypogonadotropic males ≥12 years old. (Δ LH (A LH 445 to 1602 ng/ml) and FSH (Δ FSH 718 to 2112 ng/ml) surges were induced consistently by GnRH infusion only in normal, postmenarchial females. In all, of 13 hypopituitary cases classified as hypogonadotropic on the basis of a subnormal response to GnRH infusion, 31% had a normal response to the GnRH bolus (P = 0.05). Thus, GnRH infusion testing seems to improve the distinction of hypogonadotropic patients from normal individuals, including boys with delayed puberty.
The effects of a soluble polymer and bone wax on sternal healing in an animal model. Invited commentary.

Purpose. This study compares the effects of a soluble polymer hemostatic material and bone wax on sternal bone healing. Description. Median stemotomies were performed on 20 New Zealand White rabbits, and sufficient polymer (Ostene; Ceremed Inc, Los Angeles CA) or bone wax (Bone Wax; Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ) was applied to achieve bone hemostasis. After 6 weeks, sternal healing was assessed using roentgenograms, histology, and mechanical strength testing. Evaluation. Roentgenograms revealed normal bone healing in the polymer-treated group and nonunion in the bone wax group. Histology showed normal bone healing in the polymer group, with fibrotic scar tissue and the absence of new bone formation in the bone wax group. Mechanical strength testing showed that polymer-treated sternal segments were twice as strong as those treated with bone wax. They had a significantly higher flexural strength (2.53 ± 0.43 vs. 1.29 ± 0.37 megapascal [MPa]; p < 0.001) and Young's modulus (0.315 ± 0.056 vs 0.146 ± 0.031 MPa; p < 0.001). Conclusions. The application of the polymer hemostatic material to the sternum resulted in significantly stronger union compared with the use of bone wax.
Viral Encephalitis and Epilepsy

The role of viral meningitis in the cause of epilepsy is reviewed by researchers from Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; and University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Leveraging gaze data for segmentation and effects on comics

In this work, we present a semi-automatic method based on gaze data to identify the objects in comic images on which digital effects will look best. Our key contribution is a robust technique to cluster the noisy gaze data without having to specify the number of clusters as input. We also present an approach to segment the identified object of interest.
The status and future of geothermal power

Geothermal electricity production in the United States began in 1960. Today there are over 20 plants in the western United States providing a total of about 2,200 MW of clean and reliable electricity. Currently identified resources could provide over 20,000 MW of power in the U.S., and undiscovered resources might provide 5 times that amount. In the 1990s industry growth slowed due to the loss of market incentives and competition from natural gas. However, increased interest in clean energy sources, ongoing technological improvements, and renewed opportunities abroad hold promise for a resurgence in the industry. This review paper covers the status of the technology, the issues faced, and the latest research. While the focus is on geothermal in the U.S., a brief description of the large international market is included.
Silicon Minority-carrier Lifetime Degradation During Molecular Beam Heteroepitaxial III-V Material Growth

Abstract A major hindrance to the development of devices integrating III-V materials on silicon, where it is an active component of the device, is the preservation of its electronic quality. In this contribution, we report on our effort to identify the mechanism behind the severe decrease in the bulk minority-carrier lifetime of silicon after heteroepitaxial growth of gallium phosphide, in our molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. We identify that the drop in lifetime occurs at a threshold temperature of 500 °C; we assign the increased recombination rate to extrinsic, fast-diffusing impurities coming from the MBE chamber environment. Impurities can be gettered by phosphorous diffusion, leading to a lifetime recovery. Moreover, we narrow the list of contaminants based on specific experimental observations and compare our hypothesis to modeling of injection-dependent lifetime spectra. Finally we show that coating the silicon wafer with a sacrificial silicon nitride film helps significantly to reduce contamination and provides a path to successful III-V growth on silicon.
Effective design in the development of public information infrastructure: A social constructionist approach

This study investigates the processes involved in the development of broadband public information infrastructure in Northeast of US. Using an evaluative framework provided from the Social Construction of Technology perspective, this paper examines the political economy of such infrastructure by focusing on the direction, the nature, and the results of these infrastructure developments. Finally, this study suggests the effective approach in developing public information infrastructure to capture, clarify, and manage the complex practice and processes of future infrastructure systems.
Frequency-Hopped Communications

Spread-spectrum communications may also be achieved by using frequency hopping of the RF carrier. Instead of direct-phase shift modulation of a digital sequence onto the RF carrier, as in DS-CDMA, the sequence is used to frequency hop the carrier. In this chapter we examine the basic elements of this type of communication link.
Influence of the Oil on the Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Emulsion-Templated Tin/Carbon Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries.

Tin (Sn) is a useful anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity. We fabricated oil-in-water emulsion-templated tin nanoparticle/carbon black (SnNP/CB) anodes with octane, hexadecane, 1-chlorohexadecane, and 1-bromohexadecane as the oil phases. Emulsion creaming, the oil vapor pressure, and the emulsion droplet size distribution all affect drying and thus the morphology of the dried emulsion. This morphology has a direct impact on the electrochemical performance of the anode. SnNP/CB anodes prepared with hexadecane showed very few cracks and had the highest capacities and capacity retention. The combination of low vapor pressure, creaming, which forced the emulsion droplets into a close-packed arrangement on the surface of the continuous water phase, and the small droplets allowed for gentle evaporation of the liquids during drying. This led to lower differential stresses on the sample and reduced cracking. For octane, the vapor pressure was high, the droplet s...
Volatility and Venture Capital

The performance of venture capital (VC) investments load positively on shocks to aggregate return volatility. I document this novel source of risk at the asset-class, fund, and portfolio-company levels. The positive relation between VC performance and volatility is driven by the option-like structure of VC investments, especially by VCs’ contractual option to invest in subsequent (follow-on) rounds. At the asset-class level, shocks to aggregate volatility explain a substantial fraction of VC returns. At the fund level, consistent with the follow-on investment channel, this exposure is concentrated in years two through four of fund life and in early-stage VC funds, which have more embedded follow-on investment options. For VC-backed portfolio companies, volatility shocks correlate with faster and more frequent follow-on investment. The level of volatility at the time of initial investment has no relation with future performance, consistent with competitive markets. Overall, my results imply that the option-like features of VC investments are first-order determinants of risk in VC.
An experimental investigation of SDN controller live migration in virtual data centers

Virtual data centers (VDCs) are among competitive advantages offered to businesses by cloud computing. Through VDCs, organizations can use a pool of on-demand virtual infrastructures in the form of a data center without paying the up-front costs of an actual data center. With the advent of software-defined networks (SDNs), it is now possible to provide the VDC's tenants with overlay SDNs to cover their diverse networking needs. However, live virtual machine (VM) migration, which is a technique in data centers to address issues such as load balancing, imminent server failure, and host maintenance can require parts of or an entire overlay SDN to be migrated to a different host. This introduces challenges which need to be addressed. Otherwise, the services running on the overlay SDNs will get interrupted which may lead to a low quality of end user experience (QoE) as well as a violation of service level agreements (SLAs) by the cloud service providers. Investigating SDN controller live migration in a virtual data center needs a testbed which brings into account cloud, SDN, VM migration, and overlay networks, to name a few. This paper introduces such a testbed and investigates SDN controller live migration in a virtual data center. It identifies container size, traffic volume, traffic pattern and transport layer protocol throughput as contributing factors of a successful SDN controller live migration. It then clarifies how these factors may affect a live migration process in terms of migration time and down time through conducting experiments on a state-of-the-art cloud data center testbed.
Quantifying the Effect of Informational Support on Membership Retention in Online Communities through Large-Scale Data Analytics

Abstract Participating in online health communities for informational support can benefit patients in various ways. For the online communities to be sustainable and effective for their participants, membership retention and commitment are important. This study explores how informational support requesting and providing by users holding different social roles (core user and periphery user) are related with participants' retention in the community. We first crawled six years of data in the WebMD fibromyalgia forum with around 200,000 posts and 10,000 users. Then a supervised machine learning model is trained and validated to automatically identify the requesting and providing informational support posts exchanged between the members in the community. Lastly, survival analysis was employed to quantify how the informational support requesting and providing by different social roles predicts the member's continued participation in the online community. The results reveal the different influencing mechanism of requesting and providing support from different social roles on the patients' decision to stay in the community. The findings can aid in the design of better support mechanisms to enhance member commitment in online health communities.
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus-mediated interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene delivery for the treatment of osteoarthritis: Test of efficacy in an equine model

The authors are investigating self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) as a vector for intra-articular gene-delivery of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and its therapeutic capacity in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). To model gene transfer on a scale proportional to the human knee, a frequent site of OA incidence, studies were focused on the joints of the equine forelimb. Using AAV2.5 capsid and equine IL-1Ra as a homologous transgene, a functional ceiling dose of ∼5 × 1012 viral genomes was previously identified, which elevated the steady state levels of eqIL-1Ra in synovial fluids by >40-fold over endogenous production for at least 6 months. Here, using an osteochondral fragmentation model of early OA, the functional capacity of scAAV.IL-1Ra gene-delivery was examined in equine joints over a period of 12 weeks. In the disease model, transgenic eqIL-1Ra expression was several fold higher than seen previously in healthy joints, and correlated directly with the severity of joint pathology at the time of treatment. Despite wide variation in expression, the steady-state eqIL-1Ra in synovial fluids exceeded that of IL-1 by >400-fold in all animals, and a consistent treatment effect was observed. This included a 30-40% reduction in lameness and ∼25% improvement in total joint pathology by both magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic assessments, which included reduced joint effusion and synovitis, and improved repair of the osteochondral lesion. No vector-related increase in eqIL-1Ra levels in blood or urine was noted. Cumulatively, these studies in the equine model indicate scAAV.IL-1Ra administration is reasonably safe and capable of sustained therapeutic IL-1Ra production intra-articularly in joints of human scale. This profile supports consideration for human testing in OA.
Retinal function in diabetic macular edema after focal laser photocoagulation

Purpose To assess the effects of focal photocoagulation on retinal function in the macular and perimacular areas in patients with diabetes who have clinically significant macular edema. Methods Eleven patients were assessed after focal laser treatment. Multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) and full-field ERG techniques were used to evaluate the effects of treatment on macular, paramacular, and peripheral retinal function. A modified visual field technique was used to obtain local threshold fields. The posttreatment results were compared with pretreatment results. Changes in local ERG response amplitudes and implicit times were calculated for each patient and presented as difference fields. The changes in local ERG responses were compared with the changes in local field sensitivity. Results After treatment, the results of the psychophysical tests suggested little or no change in visual function, but changes in retinal function were observed with the multifocal ERG technique. Local ERG responses showed increases in implicit time and decreases in amplitude, compared with pretreatment values. Timing was affected more than amplitude. Conclusions The results suggest that focal treatment produces changes in retinal function, and these changes are not restricted to the treated macular area.
Genetic Engineering of Plant Cells: A Rapid Overview

The genetic manipulation of plant cells via DNA-mediated transformation has been a slow and frustrating enterprise.
The Boundary Element Method for Flaw Classification in Wave Guides

Guided waves scattered from defects in solid material might contain significant information about those defects. The major goal of non-destructive evaluation is to interpret the ultrasonic signatures from these defects. Scattering of Lamb waves from a normal, surface breaking defect is considered in this study. Reflection and transmission factors of the scattered modes are used to reconstruct the size of the flaws. Scattering Lamb waves from a crack have been investigated in [1–7]. Resonance phenomena for a crack parallel to the plate surface is considered in [5,6]. In this study, the boundary element method combined with the normal mode technique [1,8] is used to study the relationship between crack size and the parameters of the incident mode. Irregular behavior of the reflection coefficient for special parameters of the incident mode is used for size classification.
Singleton pregnancy with concurrent pyometra in the contralateral horn in a bitch with a live puppy outcome

A 20-month-old, 48-day pregnant female American Bulldog was presented for intermittent bloody vaginal discharge of 4-day duration. The bitch was clinically healthy with a mild neutrophilia. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed a viable foetus in the left uterine horn and fluid in the right uterine horn. She was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and re-examined at regular intervals to monitor for deterioration of the bitch or foetus. The uterine fluid progressively decreased in volume, and the puppy remained viable. A Caesarean section was performed on the bitch's expected due date, resulting in a healthy puppy. This is only the second published report of a pregnancy and concurrent pyometra with a live puppy outcome. This case is unique in that the bitch's pyometra resolved grossly during pregnancy.
Noise in the neonatal intensive care unit: a new approach to examining acoustic events

Introduction: Environmental noise is associated with negative developmental outcomes for infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The existing noise level recommendations are outdated, with current studies showing that these standards are universally unattainable in the modern NICU environment. Study Aim: This study sought to identify the types, rate, and levels of acoustic events that occur in the NICU and their potential effects on infant physiologic state. Materials and Methods: Dosimeters were used to record the acoustic environment in open and private room settings of a large hospital NICU. Heart and respiratory rate data of three infants located near the dosimeters were obtained. Infant physiologic data measured at time points when there was a marked increase in sound levels were compared to data measured at time points when the acoustic levels were steady. Results: All recorded sound levels exceeded the recommended noise level of 45 decibels, A-weighted (dBA). The 4-h Leq of the open-pod environment was 58.1 dBA, while the private room was 54.7 dBA. The average level of acoustic events was 11–14 dB higher than the background noise. The occurrence of transient events was 600% greater in the open room when compared to the private room. While correlations between acoustic events and infant physiologic state could not be established due to the extreme variability of infant state, a few trends were visible. Increasing the number of data points to overcome the extreme physiologic variability of medically fragile neonates would not be feasible or cost-effective in this environment. Conclusion: NICU noise level recommendations need to be modified with an emphasis placed on reducing acoustic events that disrupt infant state. The goal of all future standards should be to optimize infant neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Rapid sequence angiography with a 3D printed aneurysm phantom and an ultra-high frame rate imaging photon counting detector (PCD)

Temporal and spatial details of vascular flow patterns and rates in neuro and cardio vascular pathology are difficult to evaluate even with so-called “real-time” 15 or 30 fps x-ray imaging using flat panel detectors (FPDs). Higher frame rates of 1000 fps with high spatial resolution of 100 um pixels can demonstrate vascular flow details previously unseen by any other means. A new ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution detector with the above capabilities, the XCounter’s Actaeon, is a direct conversion photon counting detector (PCD) with built-in electronic charge sharing correction and dual energy threshold settings. This PCD was used to image a 3D-printed realistic aneurysm flow phantom injected with both iodine and gas bubble contrast media. The flow patterns, including details of the vortex flow and velocities of individual gas bubbles, were recorded in a sequence of 1 ms images and compared with frames from standard 30 fps angiographic imaging where flow patterns were blurred and individual gas bubble movement could not be observed. Because of the low-energy threshold capability of the PCD, instrumentation noise was virtually negligible enabling quantum limited performance such that, at standard angiography dose rates for FPDs, the per frame noise quality for the 1 ms frames of the PCD sequences was acceptable. This resulted in a combination of temporal, spatial, and contrast resolution unseen previously.
Modalitat signada, modalitat parlada i cervell: és amodal o multimodal, el llenguatge?

Una lesio en les arees perisilvianes de l’hemisferi esquerre sol produir una afasia no fluent si es frontal, i fluent si es posterior, tant en parlants com en signants. Principalment per aquesta descoberta, s’afirma que la facultat de llenguatge, que residiria en aquestes arees perisilvianes esquerres, es independent de la modalitat parlada o signada. Ara, una avaluacio de la recerca recent mostra que no hi ha proves concloents al respecte. La plasticitat transmodal concurrent amb la privacio sensorial i un sistema primari multimodal per a la parla contribuirien a explicar una superposicio neural per a ambdues modalitats que va mes enlla de les arees perisilvianes, la lateralitzacio de les quals depen de l’adquisicio de la produccio de la parla o del signar en la infantesa.
In the heat of the summer: the New York riots of 1964 and the war on crime

The political historian Michael Flamm has written about politics, law, order and crime, among other subjects. The New York Riots of 1964 and the War on Crime is one of his latest books that deals w...
Identify Competition in Non-Explicit Competition Networks with a Case Study in Politics

Abstract Generally, competition networks are groups that compete against each other and their performance is dependent on that of opposing networks. This paper develops a methodology and an application to examine actions or decisions that reveal affiliation and competition when these are not explicitly defined. This was achieved by defining a cooperation threshold along with a visualization framework, which are the main contributions of this paper. The visualization identifies commonalities, differences, and attributes associated with the behavior and characteristics of the actors in each competition network. Data from the Mexican Senate bills from 2012-2015 were used to illustrate the contributions.
An Approach for Engaging with a Mixed-Race, Rural Community Using Social Work Values and a Community-Based Participatory Research Framework

ABSTRACTPurpose: This paper describes the engagement approach used to enter a rural, mixed-race and multicultural community to address trauma.Methods: Field notes and memos were used to document th...
A multimodal, interprofessional training program on chemotherapy safety for nurses and pharmacists: Development and preliminary evaluation.

266Background: Chemotherapy is a high-volume, high-risk clinical intervention that requires interprofessional clinical teams. With increased demand for chemotherapy, a record number of newly-approv...
Auto-oscillations in extracted muscle fibre systems.

IN connexion with our studies on the relaxing effect of the pyruvate phosphokinase system1, the following procedure was used for preparing the muscle fibres. Rabbit psoas is washed in 50 per cent (v/v) aqueous glycerol (as in the original treatment of Szent-Gyorgyi2) for two days at 0° C, then stripped into bundles of approximately ¼ mm. diameter and shaken at room temperature (about 25° C.) in 20 per cent (v/v) glycerol for various lengths of time. After one to two hours extraction, the fibres develop maximal isometric tension in a bath consisting of 0.1 M potassium chloride, 4 mM magnesium chloride, and 4 mM adenosine triphosphate, and there is no sign of spontaneous relaxation. However, addition of 10 mM phosphoenolpyruvate brings about immediate relaxation. Further details on the relaxation with phosphoenolpyruvate will be published elsewhere; here, we wish to report on the results obtained by extracting psoas fibres in 20 per cent (v/v) glycerol for at least 24 hr. If such an exhaustively washed fibre is placed in a bath containing the above concentrations of potassium and magnesium chlorides and adenosine triphosphate, maximal tension develops, and upon the addition of phosphoenolpyruvate a spontaneous oscillation occurs as shown in Fig. 1.
How Well Do Interviewers Record Responses to Numeric, Interviewer Field-code, and Open-ended Narrative Questions in Telephone Surveys?:

Telephone survey interviewers need to be able to accurately record answers to questions. While straightforward for closed questions, this task can be complicated for open questions. We examine inte...
The NDT and Me

The National Debate Tournament is very special to me. Even now, twenty years after winning NDT, that event remains perhaps the most significant and valued achievement of my life. And the last twenty years haven't been entirely pathetic. Today, when required to come up with a password or access code, I still use "1976NDT" or some closely related permutation. I know that I will never forget this term, even though I have forgotten the name of my colleague, whom I somehow dragged to victory. Winning the NDT bore immediate fruit, as Bill Balthrop and Chuck Kauffman introduced me and Old Whatshisname to new entertainment possibilities in Boston. Shortly after the tournament, I was publicly condemned as a "SCONPO" debater who spoke at an inhuman rate, thereby destroying the activity, but giving me a certain renown. I suspect that my NDT victory was the little extra I needed on my application to gain admission to Harvard Law School. When I sought to work as a research assistant for Professor Laurence Tribe, I was introduced to him first as an NDT champ. His memorable answer: "That's always nice." Well, he's not easily impressed, but I did get the job. As I am farther removed in time from having won the tournament, the identifiable tangible benefits are not so obvious, but the intangibles remain great. To have succeeded in such a challenging activity against opponents whom I so respected remains enormously satisfying, intellectually and emotionally. Many of those old opponents have gone on to attain an eminent status in the world, higher than my own. Yet my NDT championship remains the "Super Bowl Ring" that they all desperately want even to this day. Of course, the best team does not always win NDT. Yet the winning team is always deserving. To win the tournament, a team must repeatedly perform under the greatest pressure against the top competition the year has to offer. That team must survive the excruciating uncertainty of prelims, plus at least four even more excruciating but exciting single elimination rounds. The debaters must adapt to the whims of a wide variety of eccentrics (called "judges") from throughout the country. The whole process is so physically exhausting that some have fallen apart in semifinals. In the finals, the winner must prevail on stage, in front of critics and a ready-to-party audience of many of the nation's best debaters and coaches. The NDT is for more than just the winners, however. I have much more experience losing the tournament than winning it. …
IMPLICATIONS OF MACROMOLECULE-SMALL MOLECULE INTERACTIONS AND KINETICALLY CONTROLLED REACTIONS FOR SEPARATION OF PROTEINS BY MASS TRANSPORT

ABSTRACT. The implications of macromolecular interactions for the separation and purification of proteins by electrophoresis, sedimentation, and chromatography are discussed with emphasis on a variety of mechanistically different, rapidly equilibrating ligand-mediated interactions and several representative kinetically-controlled, nonmediated reactions. With rare exception each of these interactions has the potentiality for showing bimodal reaction boundaries or zones, and a physical explanation for resolution into two peaks is given. Such transport patterns could easily be misinterpreted as indicative of inherent heterogeneity, and unequivocal proof of heterogeneity is afforded only by analysis of fractions to see if they run true. Moreover, it is essential that several independent physiochemical methods be brought to bear in order to establish the nature of the interaction. Multizoning due to interaction with constituents of the solvent medium may often be avoided by judicious choice of buffer.
Abstract A24: Functional annotation of the Hippo somatic mutations in human cancer

The Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in organ size control and tissue homeostasis, whose downstream targets YAP and TAZ are frequently activated in various types of human cancers. However, inactivation of this key tumor suppressor pathway in human cancers has not been fully characterized. In this study, we comprehensively annotate the somatic mutations for 23 Hippo core components in The Cancer Genome Atlas, which includes 11,706 patient samples across 32 major human cancer types. To determine the role of these patient-derived mutations in Hippo pathway regulation, we reconstituted each Hippo component mutant into the corresponding knockout (KO) cells and performed an immunofluorescence screen by using YAP cellular localization as a readout. Through it, we identified a number of somatic mutations that are able to suppress Hippo signaling and activate YAP. In addition, we elucidated the underlying mechanism for several identified somatic mutations and revealed novel regulatory mechanisms for the Hippo pathway. Taken together, our study not only systematically profiled the somatic mutations for the Hippo pathway components, but also generated a valuable resource to further characterize of this key signaling pathway in human cancer development. Citation Format: Han Han, Wenqi Wang. Functional annotation of the Hippo somatic mutations in human cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A24.
Primary caregiver decision-making in hematopoietic cell transplantation and gene therapy for sickle cell disease.

Background Improved outcomes and the availability of clinical trials of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from alternate donors and genetically modified autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells have expanded the applicability of HCT for sickle cell disease (SCD). To understand the perspective of primary caregivers exploring HCT in the current milieu, we asked the research question "What motivates primary caregivers to decide to consider HCT and to seek, and to attend, an HCT consultation?" Procedures We conducted qualitative interviews with primary caregivers within one week after a consultation for HCT for SCD. Data were analyzed using open and axial coding stages of grounded theory methodology. Results We interviewed 29 primary caregivers (26 females, age 29 to 64 [median 42] years). Primary caregivers report of SCD complications in their child included at least one in the last year by 23 (82%), few or none by 8 (28%), and pain on ≥3 days a week by 13 (46%) primary caregivers. Qualitative analysis revealed that primary caregivers, (i) learn about curative options through social networks, social media, and the news media; (ii) seek consultation because of their child's diminished quality of life, recent complications, an imminent major medical decision, or anxiety about future severe complications; and (iii) see gene therapy as a new, less invasive, and more acceptable treatment. Conclusion Primary caregivers of children with SCD learn about HCT through social networks, social and news media, and explore HCT as a means to prevent SCD complications and help their child live a normal life.
“Then and Now,” Mapping the 25 Year Evolution and Impact of North American Vascular Biology Organization Science Through Publications of its Founding and Current Members

Scholarly organizations bring together experts to move forward specific areas of scientific endeavor. More than 5,000 scholarly societies exist world-wide yet little is known about the composition, evolution, and collaboration of experts within these organizations. This study presents general methods to study the evolution of a biomedical organization and its impact over time. Methods are illustrated in a case study that aims to capture the "Then and Now" science of the North American Vascular Biology Organization (NAVBO). Publications authored by the founding members who came together to create NAVBO in 1994 are compared with publications by those representing the society 25 years later. Google Scholar data was compiled for NAVBO members registered in 1994 (n = 70) and in 2019 (n = 465), some members being present in both data sets (n = 22). The 501 unique NAVBO members had more than 76,000 papers cited over 4,400,000 times. Several characteristics associated with the NAVBO members' output were revealed, including their high productivity, the high impact of their publications, and the predominant contribution of relatively small laboratories, as suggested by a low average number of authors per publication. To understand how NAVBO fostered scientific collaborations and exchanges of expertize, data was analyzed and visualized to show the evolution of member co-author networks. The UCSD Map of Science was used to communicate the evolution of scientific topics covered by NAVBO members helping to create a global picture of NAVBO's science "then and now." All workflows are available online in case other scholarly organizations would want to use them to map their own evolution and impact; and meta studies that communicate the inner workings of these important scholarly efforts can be conducted.
Polarization-Diversity Evanescent Coupler on Silicon with Integrated Polarization Splitter

We present an evanescent coupler from a fiber-coupled glass interposer to silicon photonics with integrated polarization splitter. The insertion loss in O-band is better than −0.5 dB with ±20 nm silicon thickness tolerance and 2µm epoxy thickness tolerance.
Review of García-Sánchez & Faulstich Orellana (2019): Language and Cultural Practices in Communities and Schools: Bringing Learning for Students from Non-Dominant Groups

This article reviews Language and Cultural Practices in Communities and Schools: Bringing Learning for Students from Non-Dominant Groups 9780429486708
Efficient Modeling of IEC-61850 Logical Nodes in IEDs for Scalability in CPS Security Testbed

Though the deep penetration of cyber systems across the smart grid sub-domains enrich the operation of the wide-area protection, control, and smart grid applications, the stochastic nature of cyber-attacks by adversaries inflict their performance and the system operation. Various hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) cyber-physical system (CPS) testbeds have attempted to evaluate the cyberattack dynamics and power system perturbations for robust wide-area protection algorithms. However, physical resource constraints and modular integration designs have been significant barriers while modeling large-scale grid models (scalability) and have limited many of the CPS testbeds to either small-scale HIL environment or complete simulation environments. This paper proposes a meticulous design and efficient modeling of IEC-61850 logical nodes in physical relays to simulate large-scale grid models in a HIL real-time digital simulator environment integrated with industry-grade hardware and software systems for wide-area power system applications. The proposed meticulous design includes multi-breaker emulation in the physical relays, which extends the capacity of a physical relay to accommodate more number of CPS interfaces in the HIL CPS security testbed environment. We have used our existing HIL CPS security testbed to demonstrate scalability by the real-time performance of ten simultaneous IEEE-39 CPS grid models. The experiments demonstrated significant results by 100% real-time performance with zero overruns, and low latency while receiving and executing control signals from physical SEL relays via IEC-61850 and DNP-3 protocols to real-time digital simulator, substation remote terminal unit (RTU) software and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software at control center.
The Effect of SOX on Small Auditor Exits and Audit Quality

We find that over six hundred auditors with fewer than 100 SEC clients exit the market following SOX. Compared to the non-exiting auditors, the exiting auditors are lower quality, where quality is gauged by: (1) avoidance of AICPA peer reviews and failure to comply with PCAOB rules, and (2) severity of the peer review and inspection reports. In addition, clients of exiting auditors receive higher quality auditing from successor auditors, as captured by a greater likelihood of receiving going concern opinions. Our results suggest that the PCAOB inspections improve audit quality by incentivizing low quality auditors to exit the market.
Feedback Control of the DC/DC Converters for PV Source Emulation

This chapter deals with the design and realization of a DC/DC converter for PV emulating purposes. Once the appropriate model has been chosen, the I–V relationship is used to control a DC/DC converter whose output reproduces the behavior of the PV generator. This chapter contains the fundamentals of feedback control and an example of PV emulator design, realized by a buck converter. In particular, both the model and the converter are first simulated in Matlab-Plecs® environment, then the practical implementation of the control algorithm on a DSP board, and the overall PV emulator equipment is illustrated and finally the experimental results are presented.
An Index to Measure the Performance of the Sri Lankan Treasury Bond Market

This paper develops an index to measure the overall performance of the Sri Lankan Treasury bond market. The index, named as the Sri Lanka Treasury Bond Index, is value-weighted, assumes monthly portfolio rebalancing, and takes into account capital appreciation as well as income components of bond returns. It includes all the outstanding Treasury bonds having a remaining maturity of more than one year. This index represents the performance of the risk-free benchmark portfolio, provides an indicator of the movements of aggregate long-term interest rates in the economy, and gives a standard for evaluation of the performance of managed portfolios.
Losses in Turbine and Compressor Cascades

The flow through a turbomachine is generally three-dimensional, viscous, highly unsteady, transitional, turbulent, and compressible. This complex flow is associated with total pressure losses caused by different flow and geometry parameters. To accurately predict the efficiency of a turbomachine, accurate flow calculation is required.
Fluorouracil Modulation in Head and Neck Cancer

The majority of patients with head and neck cancer present with locoregionally advanced disease (1–3). For most of these patients, standard therapy consists of surgery followed by radiotherapy, unless the patient has unresectable disease due to the specific anatomic location (e.g. nasopharynx) or widespread involvement of neighboring structures, or is medically inoperable. In these cases, standard therapy consists of radiotherapy alone. However, less than 30% of patients are cured and locoregional disease persistence/ recurrence is the most common pattern of failure. Distant metastases, second malignancies, and medical problems related to smoking and alcohol consumption are significant additional causes of treatment failure and death (4,5). Chemotherapy has traditionally been investigated in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease (1–3). In that setting, response rates of 30% with a median response duration of 3 months are usually achieved. Commonly used regimens include single agent methotrexate or cisplatin, and the combination of cisplatin and a 4 to 5 day continuous infusion of fluorouracil. The latter combination, in particular, has been frequently investigated with response rates ranging from 20% to 74% (6).
Grandparents as parents: research findings and policy recommendations.

This article presents an overview of research on grandparenthood in the latter decades of the twentieth century. Theories contributing to understanding of the grandparenting role are discussed, and significant factors affecting the grandparenting experience—including sex, age, retirement status, race, and ethnicity—are reviewed. The special case of grandparents raising grandchildren is explored through a review of demographics, outcomes for children in grandparent foster care, and the impact of raising grandchildren on grandparents. Interventions supporting custodial grandparents and the grandchildren in their care are examined. Drawing on the findings and implications of this overview, recommendations for policy, clinical practice, professional education, and future research are offered.
Mutual Benefits of Housing and Mass Transit

Mass transit concept is becoming more important in the urban planning projects. However, it cannot be studied as an entity independent of many other relevant urban problems. Mass transit, in any form, needs to serve the public in an efficient and satisfactory manner. Housing is one of the major problems which is closely related to the planning of the transportation projects. To coordinate the planning of mass transit and housing projects requires the study and definition of all relevant technical and social factors and then interrelate them properly by a systems approach. This approach is mandatory to secure the lasting success of the urban planning.
Modeling a LAN Security Server

The management of the security of networks is essential to preserve the security of the information carried by those networks. Local Area Networks (LANs) are particularly vulnerable to security breaches due to the physical and logical characteristics which allow any station on a LAN potential access to all data on the LAN. Thus, it is imperative that not only security be provided for LANs, but that the security be managed such that development cost is minimized and efficiency of communication is maximized for management. The concept of a LAN security server is presented and the modeling of a LAN security server is shown using an example LAN.
Reforming tax expenditure programs in Poland

Poland has recently begun reforming its tax program. In December 1999 it announced a gradual reduction in the corporate income tax rate, from 34 percent in 1999 to 22 percent in 2004. Value added and excise taxes are being harmonized with European Union directives, which means higher value added tax rates on unprocessed foodstuffs, municipal services, and construction material, and higher excise rates on tobacco and alcohol. The reform of personal income tax law has been delayed, because of concern about the fairness of a rate reduction for higher-income taxpayers and hesitation about the government's proposal to remove or scale down existing tax expenditure programs. Poland's personal income tax expenditure programs, introduced in 1992, have received growing attention as the cost of the programs has increased. Originally they were intended to compensate lower-income taxpayers for the withdrawal of price subsidies. But most of them are extremely regressive, benefiting higher-income taxpayers. Tax expenditures are reductions in tax liabilities that result from preferential provisions, such as deductions, exemptions, credits, deferrals, preferential tax rates, and exclusions from taxation. They are effective government spending channeled through the tax system, usually as substitutes for direct government spending to achieve fiscal and political objectives. The authors contend that strengthening the administration of Poland's tax expenditure programs is the first step toward making them effective and equitable, limiting their costs, and preventing the tax base from shrinking. They discuss options for increasing the scrutiny of the tax expenditure programs, defining their opportunity costs and effect on the tax system. Currently these programs enjoy a funding advantage over direct spending programs because they are not subject to systematic review. To limit the expansion of these programs and reduce their less desirable effects on the system, the authors suggest defining a benchmark tax structure, establishing sunset dates for the programs, forecasting their costs, and reviewing their economic effectiveness, efficiency, and equity by comparing them with direct expenditures and subsidies.
Focusing on Women in STEM: A Longitudinal Examination of Gender-Based Earning Gap of College Graduates

This study investigates the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations from the aspect of earning differentials. Using a national data sour...
Distributed Protection for the Enterprise

Entities in the enterprise are deployed with a standard configuration. Over time, patches, updates, new software versions, and mistakes or malicious activity all lead to deviations across the enterprise from this standard baseline. Malicious or unknown software on a system can cause harm or unexpected behavior. To mitigate these problems where possible, and help fix them in other cases, an enterprise plan for quality of protection is needed. This involves eliminating certain actions on machines that could harm the machine itself or the enterprise. The level of protection is dependent upon the type of enclave (an enclave is defined as a collection of entities with a common set of security and assurance mechanisms in place). Certain mitigations will be exercised based upon the cyber environment and enclave, and they may be exercised in different ways when communication is needed across enclaves of differing security and assurance. Mitigations include virus scanners and disabling of devices or interfaces. These mitigations also involve identifying and fixing issues that were not stopped. This requires a central visualization of the enterprise to quickly identify potential issues and a method of remotely taking action to either fix the affected system or freeze it until further action can be taken. This chapter discusses the current approach to centralized monitoring of communication as opposed to a more distributed approach. The latter relies on a well-formed security paradigm for the enterprise. The paper concludes with a proposal for a distributed inspection system that is currently being developed and tested.