cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polymicrobial abscess following ovariectomy in a mouse

Ovariectomy is a common procedure in laboratory rodents used to create a post-menopausal state. Complications including post-surgical abscess are rarely reported, but merit consideration for the health and safety of experimental animals. A female C57/black6 mouse was ovariectomized as part of a cohort study. At Day 14 post-surgery, she developed a visible swelling on the right side, which 7 days later increased in size over 24 h, leading to euthanasia of the animal. Gross pathology was consistent with abscess. A core of necrotic tissue was present in the uterine horn. Abscess fluid and affected tissue were collected for Gram stain and bacteriological culture. The abscess core and fluid yielded three distinct types of bacterial colonies identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing as Streptococcus acidominimus, Pasteurella caecimuris, and a novel species in the genus Gemella. This is the first report of polymicrobial abscess in a rodent as a complication of ovariectomy, and the first description of a novel Gemella species for which we have proposed the epithet Gemella muriseptica. This presentation represents a potential complication of ovariectomy in laboratory animals.
Physical model of proton-pumping Q-cycle in respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains

Abstract We examine proton pumping in bc-type complexes within respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains. Our simple physical model includes a process of population of a first quinone molecule by two electrons and two protons at the N-side of the membrane which is followed by the diffusion of this quinone toward the unloading sites of the bc-complex. Then translocation of the protons to the P-side of the membrane occurs. One of the electrons proceeds to the drain reservoir and the second one populates a second quinone at the N-side to pump more protons. We derive the equations of motion for the proton and electron operators, rewrite them as a set of the rate equations, and couple them to phenomenological Langevin equations governing the motion of the shuttles. We solve the resulting equations numerically and determine the time dependencies of the shuttles positions and electron populations, as well as the quantum yield of the proton pumping and its thermodynamic efficiency.
Metacognition in Human Factors: The Rewards and Consequences of Repeated Assessment:

Recent publications have encouraged researchers to consider how metacognition affects users’ judgments of usability and workload by integrating metacognitive assessments with traditional testing pa...
Factors Associated With Hospital Decisions to Purchase Robotic Surgical Systems.

Background. Robotic surgical systems are expensive to own and operate, and the purchase of such technology is an important decision for hospital administrators. Most prior literature focuses on the...
Sudden cardiac death in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with apical variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains under debate. We present a case of a middle-aged man with apical variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and no major risk factors who suffered sudden cardiac death.
QoE-Aware Multi-Source Video Streaming in Content Centric Networks

Content Centric Networking (CCN), a future Internet architecture, brings new challenges in maintaining the Quality of Experience (QoE) for video streaming. Because of the universal caching capability of CCN routers, streaming from multiple sources will be common, and switching between content sources might affect QoE by inducing delays and consequently stalls in video playback. This paper proposes a new QoE-aware multi-source video streaming scheme for CCN. First, the content distributions of video files among CCN nodes for different caching methods are studied. Second, an adaptive video streaming with distributed caching (ASDC) algorithm is designed to guarantee QoE during the switching between content sources. The ASDC algorithm considers the delivery of scalable video streams. It automatically adapts the layers in a video stream when there is source switching, based on a QoE model that characterizes the effect of stalling. Experimental results show that the ASDC algorithm outperforms dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) in the CCN platform in terms of the QoE obtained from human subjective tests.
Rethinking Client-Side Caching for the Mobile Web

Mobile web browsing remains slow despite many efforts to accelerate page loads. Like others, we find that client-side computation (in particular, JavaScript execution) is a key culprit. Prior solutions to mitigate computation overheads, however, suffer from security, privacy, and deployability issues, hindering their adoption. To sidestep these issues, we propose a browser-based solution in which every client reuses identical computations from its prior page loads. Our analysis across roughly 230 pages reveals that, even on a modern smartphone, such an approach could reduce client-side computation by a median of 49% on pages which are most in need of such optimizations.
A Critique of Family Case Workers 1900-1930: Women Working With Women

Case records from a charity organization/family case work agency in the early century provide means for evaluating the interaction of nascent social workers with female heads of poor households receiving relief 1900-1930. Class differences and social control appear in retrospect as defining certain elements of this activity; although social workers provided needed material resources, positive impact on poor women's lives was limiited by workers' lack of knowledge and unquestioning commitment to traditional values. Casework, however, is shown as a complex process with concerned leaders in social work trying to shape professional behavior and recipient families engaged in their own problem solving processes. Early twentieth century urban America appears in photographs as newly built factory smokestacks and crowded tenements-"home" for the families of pooly paid workers. Behind this was an ironic pattern of social relations wherein certain industrial capitalists created misery for the working class in the name of progress-and profit-while asserting civic responsibility by sitting on the boards of charities constituted to remedy the blight of poverty. Some historians have concluded, therefore, that social control was the driving intent of social welfare organizations. Rather than primarily acting out of humanitarian concern or compassion, those with economic authority are judged to have used relief to dilute expression of class conflict and to pressure adoption of middle class manners 1 (Gettleman,
Early Secreted Antigenic Target of 6-kDa Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Primes Dendritic Cells To Stimulate Th17 and Inhibit Th1 Immune Responses

Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a T cell Ag that is a potential vaccine candidate, but it is also a virulence factor that mediates pathogenicity. To better understand the effects of ESAT-6 on the immune response, we studied the effect of ESAT-6 on human dendritic cells (DCs). Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with GM-CSF and IL-4 to yield immature DCs, which were matured by addition of LPS and CD40 ligand (CD40L), with or without ESAT-6. ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules, reduced DC-stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and enhanced IL-17 production. ESAT-6–treated DCs also increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-γ production by M. tuberculosis- specific autologous T cells. ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC production of IL-12 and enhanced that of IL-23 and IL-1β, without affecting secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-8 through specific interaction with immature DCs. The effects of ESAT-6 were not mediated through cAMP or p38 MAPK. Medium from ESAT-6–conditioned DCs increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-γ production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and ESAT-6–induced IL-17 production was blocked by neutralizing both IL-23 and IL-1β. ESAT-6 reduced LPS/CD40L-stimulated transcription of IL-12p35 and enhanced that of IL-23p19 through inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 and upregulation of activating transcription factor-2 and c-Jun, transcriptional regulators of IL-12p35 and IL-23p19, respectively. We conclude that ESAT-6 increases DC production of IL-23 and IL-1β while inhibiting that of IL-12, thus enhancing Th17 at the expense of protective Th1 responses.
Different Playing Fields: What Affect Does Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Have on Employees of the Debtor and Why Do These Affects Drive Companies to Bankruptcy?

Corporate bankruptcies have a widespread impact on many groups, but the affects of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy are felt most acutely by employees of the debtor. However, these affects disproportionally impact non-management employees and leave executive employees relatively unscathed. This paper will discuss the painful impact corporate bankruptcy has on labor employees and analyze the provisions of the Code that have the greatest influence on employees of a corporate debtor. The paper will then discuss the privileges the Code preserves for executive level employees. The paper will conclude by determining that this disparity is detrimental to corporations and makes it more likely that struggling companies will seek bankruptcy protection.
Outer planet satellites

Recent findings on the outer-planet satellites are presented, with special consideration given to data on the rheologic properties of ice on icy satellites, the satellite surfaces and exogenic processes, cratering on dead cratered satellites, volcanism, and the interiors of outer-planet satellites. Particular attention is given to the state of Titan's surface and the properties of Triton, Pluto, and Charon.
Rejoinder: Response to Comments

Economists can to some extent enlighten policymakers and the public and influence public policy. That enlightenment is achieved more by concrete policy work and application of basics than by fancy models and fancy statistical significance. There is a trade-off between relevance/importance and rigor/precision. Because many economists concentrate on rigor and precision, their influence in public affairs is not as good as it could be. The professional emphasis on scholastic crafts forsakes the Smithian character of political economy. A more Smithian character for the economics profession would lead to better government policy. The primary article by Daniel B. Klein is followed by comments by Gordon Tullock, Deirdre McCloskey, Israel M. Kirzner, C.A.E. Goodhart, Robert H. Frank and James K. Galbraith and a rejoinder by Daniel B. Klein.
A pseudo-random bit generator based on elliptic logarithms

Recent research in cryptography has led to the construction of several pseudo-random bit generators, programs producing bits as hard to predict as solving a hard problem. In this paper, 1. We present a new pseudo-random bit generator based on elliptic curves. 2. To construct our generator, we also develop two techniques that are of independent interest: (a) an algorithm that computes the order of an element in an arbitrary Abelian group; and (b) a new oracle proof method for demonstrating the simultaneous security of multiple bits of a discrete logarithm in an arbitrary Abelian group. 3. We present a new candidate hard problem for future use in cryptography: the elliptic logarithm problem.
Vasopressin responses to corticotropin-releasing factor and hypertonicity after truncal vagotomy in dogs

Infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) augments the plasma vasopressin response to infusion of hypertonic saline in conscious dogs. Furthermore, afferent vagal nerve input from the abdomen is involved in the control of vasopressin release and may be altered by CRF. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the effect of CRF on the vasopressin response to hypertonic saline and to determine if it is mediated by afferent input carried from the abdominal vagus. Conscious male dogs (n = 5) underwent infusion of isotonic saline (vehicle), CRF (10 or 20 ng.kg-1.min-1), hypertonic saline (0.2 mmol.kg-1.min-1), or the combination of CRF and hypertonic saline. Hypertonic saline increased plasma sodium from 147 +/- 1 to 153 +/- 1 meq/1 and plasma vasopressin from 2.5 +/- 0.1 to 5.8 +/- 0.4 pg/ml. CRF infusion alone had no effect on plasma vasopressin. The addition of 10 or 20 ng.kg-1.min-1 CRF augmented the vasopressin response to hypertonic saline to 7.7 +/- 1.7 and 6.9 +/- 0.3 pg/ml, respectively. Truncal vagotomy did not attenuate the vasopressin response to hypertonic saline with or without CRF infusion. We conclude that CRF augments the vasopressin response to hypertonic saline and that this effect is not mediated via afferents from the abdominal vagus.
Cryptic diversity in a widespread live‐bearing fish (Poeciliidae: Belonesox)

Belonesox belizanus Kner (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) is a wide-spread livebearing species that occurs on the Atlantic Slope of Central America from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica. Previous work has noted morphological variation within the species, and recognized two subspecies: Belonesox belizanus belizanus and Belonesox belizanus maxillosus. We used 1122 bp of cytochrome b and 617 bp of S7-1 DNA to conduct a phylogeographical study of Belonesox, aiming to examine the genetic distinctiveness of these taxa and other populations of Belonesox throughout the range. Bayesian phylogenetic and haplotype analyses indicated that B. b. maxillosus is not distinctive from other northern populations of Belonesox. However, a distinct phylogeographical break is evident near the Rio Grande in southern Belize. One clade comprises the putative B. b. maxillosus and all populations sampled north of the Rio Grande. The other clade comprises the Rio Grande and all populations south thereof. Fossil-calibrated divergence time estimates suggest that isolation of the northern and southern lineages of Belonesox occurred approximately 14.1 Mya. The phylogeographical structure recovered in the present study is interesting, considering that relatively few studies have examined molecular variation across this portion of Middle America in a time-calibrated framework. Furthermore, the present study suggests that more work is needed to adequately understand the factors that have shaped diversity of this region. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 109, 848–860.
Customized Versus Standardized Exams For Learning Outcomes Assessment In An Undergraduate Business Program

A standardized exam for program-level assessment can take the form of 1) a customized exam developed in-house by faculty and linked explicitly to program-level learning goals; or 2) a standardized exam developed externally by assessment experts and linked to a set of somewhat broader and more generalizable learning goals. This article discusses the design, development and implementation of a customized exam and subsequent transition to a commercial exam (i.e., the ETS Major Field Test), within an undergraduate business program. We discuss the lessons learned from our experience with the customized exam, our analysis of both the assessment process and the results gathered (primarily curriculum-related), and the rationale underlying the eventual migration to the commercial exam. Of particular emphasis is the situation-dependent and potentially complementary roles of the customized and commercial exams. In this regard we provide a comparison of the two approaches through a framework based on a set of administrative and assessment considerations. They include: relevance to learning goals, exam design and development process, delivery of the exam, impact on learning, impact on courses and curriculum, and impact on student monitoring and management. We note that although the customized exam no longer exists as a standalone assessment instrument, it continues to play a role in assessment by complementing other methods. This outcome, as well as the process leading to it, are potentially applicable to other institutions pursuing an evolutionary approach to learning outcomes assessment.
Real-time audio steganography attack based on automatic objective quality feedback

Digital audio signal provides a large capacity for embedding hidden messages using digital steganography techniques. How to prevent hazardous steganography embedding on the Internet becomes an important task in the field of network security. For the Internet environment, the steganography attack method is required to be generic and real time. An active warden-based attack method is potential to be a generic method for the steganography attack. A discrete spring transform (DST)-based generic active warden steganography attack framework has been proposed by us. In this paper, based on the DST, a real-time steganography attack method is proposed. The potential unauthorized hidden message is removed in a real-time manner when uploading or downloading the audio signal. The real-time signal perceptual quality control is achieved by the automatic feedback from the objective audio quality evaluation model. The attack parameters are adaptively changed to reach a balance between the attack performance and the audio signal quality. The simulation results validate the proposed method in terms of the steganography attack performance and the audio signal quality after the attack. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Patients Who Need Social Work Services: An Interdisciplinary Analysis

Factors that affect decisions made by professionals in the referral of hospital patients for social work services are analyzed. A multidisciplinary approach was used, in which social workers, nurses, and physicians individually evaluated the social service needs of a sample of patients hospitalized in an intermediate care section at a Veterans Administration medical center. The study helped to identify sources of divergent views held by health care professionals in different disciplines.
Multi-site phosphorylation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B: identification of cell cycle regulated and phorbol ester stimulated sites of phosphorylation.

The non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B, comprises 435 amino acids, of which the C-terminal 114 residues have been implicated in controlling both localization and function of this enzyme. Inspection of the sequence of the C-terminal segment reveals a number of potential sites of phosphorylation. We show that PTP1B is phosphorylated on seryl residues in vivo. Increased phosphorylation of PTP1B is seen to accompany the transition from G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. Two major tryptic phosphopeptides appear in two-dimensional maps of PTP1B from mitotic cells. One of these comigrates with the peptide generated following phosphorylation of PTP1B in vitro at Ser386 by the mitotic protein Ser/Thr kinase p34cdc2:cyclin B. The site of phosphorylation that is responsible for the pronounced retardation in the electrophoretic mobility of PTP1B from mitotic cells has been identified by site directed mutagenesis as Ser352. The identity of the kinase responsible for this modification is presently unknown. We also show that stimulation of HeLa cells with the phorbol ester TPA enhances phosphorylation of PTP1B. Two dimensional phosphopeptide mapping reveals that the bulk of the phosphate is in a single tryptic peptide. The site, identified as Ser378, is also the site of phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro. Thus the TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of PTP1B in vivo appears to result directly from phosphorylation by PKC. The effect of phosphorylation on the activity of PTP1B has been examined in immunoprecipitates from TPA-treated and nocodazole-arrested cells. TPA treatment does not appear to affect activity directly, whereas the activity of PTP1B from nocodazole-arrested cells is only 70% of that from asynchronous populations.
Formation of regional cross-fold joints in the northern Appalachian Plateau

Abstract Fold-axis-parallel elongation associated with the development of arcuate fold and thrust belts is proposed as a causal mechanism for syn-orogenic cross-fold joints. Such a mechanism can be coupled with other joint-propagation models, providing a widely applicable resolution to the enigmatic origin of regional systematic joints. The fold-axis-parallel elongation model is compatible with kinematic indicators as recorded by a sequence of cross-fold joints and related deformational fabrics in the central and northern Appalachian Plateau. Modeling of an arcuate tectonic boundary subjected to normal compressive loading demonstrates that tangential tensile stress can be large enough to initiate cross-fold joints on the convex side of the tectonic boundary. Simulated stress trajectories from boundary element modeling bear a strong resemblance to the stress trajectories inferred from the regional cross-fold joint patterns in the central and northern Appalachian Plateau. Modeling also displays a cratonward decrease in both the tangential stress and the tangential strain. Such a decrease is consistent with the deformation styles observed in the central and northern Appalachian Plateau.
The segment projection method for interface tracking

There has recently been important progress in the development of front tracking and level set methods for the numerical simulation of moving interfaces. The segment projection method is a new technique for computational geometry. It can be seen as a compromise between front tracking and level set methods. It is based on the regular mathematical representation of a manifold as an atlas of charts. Each chart or segment is evolved independently by a partial differential equation that is discretized on an Eulerian grid. The connectivity of the segments is handled by an appropriate data structure and by numerical interpolation. The method is presented and its properties are analyzed. Applications to multiphase flow, epitaxial growth, and high-frequency wave propagation are given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modal structure inferred from static far-field noise directivity

Turbofan noise directivity calculated for two directivity models was compared with experimental, blade passing frequency data from two fans at 60 and 90 percent speeds. Experimental data indicated similar directivity patterns which were well represented by a single average data curve. Calculated points using the equal amplitude model showed over-prediction near the fan axis and near the 90 degree position. Calculated points using the equal power model showed a very good match with the average data lending support to theory of equipartition of modal power from a random source such as the interaction of the rotor with inlet flow distortion. The equal modal power model also gave good agreement with individual data points.
Distribution of neutral lipids in the tissues of the oysterCrassostrea virginica

The content of neutral lipids was determined in the tissues of oysters (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) collected in June, July and March. The lipid content of starved March oysters was also determined. Oyster tissue from the June harvest contained the highest quantities of triglyceride; starved and July (late spawning) oysters had decreased levels of triglycerides in all tissues except the digestive diverticula/gonad. Free sterol content of all the tissues averaged 1.21 mg equivalent cholesterol/g wet weight tissue, and the steryl ester concentration averaged about 10% of this value. Findings of this investigation indicate that the triglyceride content of oyster tissue fluctuates seasonally and is there-fore keyed to the physiological state of the animal. Furthermore, triglycerides may be an important energy reserve for reproductive tissue.
Models that demonstrate peptide bond formation by prior thiol capture I. Capture by disulfide formation

Abstract Unsymmetrical disulfides formed from L -cysteine esters and o -Cbz- L -alaninyloxy-benzenethiol 9 , 2-Cbz- L -alaninyloxy-5-chlorophenylmethylenethiol 8 ,4-acetoxyxanthenylmethylene thiol 10 , and 1,5-diacetoxy-2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-thioxanthone 11 are observed to undergo intramolecular O,N-acyl transfer in yields up to 60%, with accompanying disulfide interchange. The significance of these results for a general amide forming strategy of prior cysteine capture are discussed.
Characters for symmetric and antisymmetric higher powers of representations: application to the number of anharmonic force constants in symmetrical molecules

Explicit formulas are given for the characters of symmetric and antisymmetric powers of an arbitrary representation up to the sixth, and a general method for obtaining the higher ones is described. The results allow, among others, the determination of nonvanishing higher force constants in symmetrical molecules. The benzene molecule, for instance, has 237 nonvanishing cubic and 1890 quartic force constants. Other potential applications are a general method for the symmetry species of vibrational overtones, the determination of the number of independent centrifugal distortion constants, and the symmetry classification of vibrational multiplets.
Bidirectional influence of sodium channel activation on NMDA receptor–dependent cerebrocortical neuron structural plasticity

Neuronal activity regulates brain development and synaptic plasticity through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Intracellular sodium ([Na+]i) also exerts a regulatory influence on NMDAR channel activity, and [Na+]i may, therefore, function as a signaling molecule. In an attempt to mimic the influence of neuronal activity on synaptic plasticity, we used brevetoxin-2 (PbTx-2), a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gating modifier, to manipulate [Na+]i in cerebrocortical neurons. The acute application of PbTx-2 produced concentration-dependent increments in both intracellular [Na+] and [Ca2+]. Pharmacological evaluation showed that PbTx-2–induced Ca2+ influx primarily involved VGSC activation and NMDAR-mediated entry. Additionally, PbTx-2 robustly potentiated NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx. PbTx-2–exposed neurons showed enhanced neurite outgrowth, increased dendritic arbor complexity, and increased dendritic filopodia density. The appearance of spontaneous calcium oscillations, reflecting synchronous neuronal activity, was accelerated by PbTx-2 treatment. Parallel to this response, PbTx-2 increased cerebrocortical neuron synaptic density. PbTx-2 stimulation of neurite outgrowth, dendritic arborization, and synaptogenesis all exhibited bidirectional concentration–response profiles. This profile paralleled that of NMDA, which also produced bidirectional concentration–response profiles for neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that PbTx-2–enhanced neuronal plasticity involves NMDAR-dependent signaling. Our results demonstrate that PbTx-2 mimics activity-dependent neuronal structural plasticity in cerebrocortical neurons through an increase in [Na+]i, up-regulation of NMDAR function, and engagement of downstream Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. These data suggest that VGSC gating modifiers may represent a pharmacologic strategy to regulate neuronal plasticity through NMDAR-dependent mechanisms.
EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR OF FEROCACTUS ACANTHODES (CACTACEAE): COMPOSITION AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO ANTS

Examen de la production, de la composition du nectar et de l'activite des fourmis en relation avec la phenologie de la reproduction
Development of Planar Mechanism State Matrices for Reconfigurable Mechanisms

This paper introduces mechanism state matrices as a novel way to represent the topological characteristics of planar reconfigurable mechanisms. As part of this new concept, these matrices will be used as an analysis tool to automatically determine the degrees of freedom (DOF) of planar mechanisms that only contain one DOF joints. The DOF at each state can be combined with a mechanism state matrix to form an augmented mechanism state matrix. A series of examples will be used to illustrate the proposed concept.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Microwave imaging of aircraft

Three methods of imaging aircraft from the ground with microwave radar with quality suitable for aircraft target recognition are described. The imaging methods are based on a self-calibration procedure called adaptive beamforming that compensates for the severe geometric distortion inherent in any imaging system that is large enough to achieve the high angular resolution necessary for two-dimensional target imaging. The signal processing algorithm is described and X-band (3-cm)-wavelength experiments demonstrate its success on commercial aircraft flying into Philadelphia International Airport. >
Inner-shell electron-impact ionization of neutral atoms

A study of inner-shell electron-impact ionization of heavy neutral atoms is presented. A relativistic distorted-wave method is used to calculate $K$-shell ionization of neutral Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu, and also the $L$-shell ionization of neutral W. These calculations are compared with measurements made by electron-impact ionization from a thin target of the atomic species in question. Good agreement is found between the calculations and measurements.
Relative Vulnerability to Avian Predation of Juvenile Salmonids Tagged with Passive Integrated Transponders in the Columbia River Estuary, 1998–2000

Abstract Caspian terns Sterna caspia and double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus that colonize dredge-spoil islands in the Columbia River estuary prey upon millions of juvenile Pacific salmonids annually. We estimated the relative vulnerability of various salmonid stocks to these predators by using data from passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags detected on these colonies; 96,382 tags were detected from the 1998–2000 migration years. On tern colonies, detection rates were highest for tags from steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and lowest for tags from yearling chinook salmon O. tshawytscha. However, detection rates on cormorant colonies were similar for tags from steelhead and coho salmon O. kisutch but lower for tags from yearling chinook salmon. Analyses based on migration history showed tags of transported fish were frequently detected in lower proportions than those of their counterparts that migrated in-river, the pattern being most pronounced in steelhead. Analyses based on origin (hatchery ...
CP nonconservation in decays of W and Z bosons.

The possibility of $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries in decays of $W$ and $Z$ bosons is examined. The asymmetries studied are the differences in the branching ratios of charge-conjugate modes such as ${W}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t\overline{b}$ vs ${W}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{t}b$ or $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{b}s$ vs $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{s}$ In the standard model, with three generations, such effects are found to be vanishingly small. With four generations, flavor-changing transitions such as $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{s}$ or ${b}^{\ensuremath{'}}\overline{b}$ may be observable, but the prospects for observing $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries appear discouraging. We also discuss the situation in some other models of $\mathrm{CP}$ nonconservation.
Haptoglobin attenuates hemoglobin-induced heme oxygenase-1 in renal proximal tubule cells and kidneys of a mouse model of sickle cell disease

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD), a hereditary hemolytic disorder is characterized by chronic hemolysis, oxidative stress, vaso-occlusion and end-organ damage. Hemolysis releases toxic cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) into circulation. Under physiologic conditions, plasma Hb binds to haptoglobin (Hp) and forms Hb–Hp dimers. The dimers bind to CD163 receptors on macrophages for further internalization and degradation. However, in SCD patients plasma Hp is depleted and free Hb is cleared primarily by proximal tubules of kidneys. Excess free Hb in plasma predisposes patients to renal damage. We hypothesized that administration of exogenous Hp reduces Hb-mediated renal damage. To test this hypothesis, human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were exposed to HbA (50 μM heme) for 24 h. HbA increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme which degrades heme, reduces heme-mediated oxidative toxicity, and confers cytoprotection. Similarly, infusion of HbA (32 μM heme/kg) induced HO-1 expression in kidneys of SCD mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the increased HO-1 expression in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Exogenous Hp attenuated the HbA-induced HO-1 expression in vitro and in SCD mice. Our results suggest that Hb-mediated oxidative toxicity may contribute to renal damage in SCD and that Hp treatment reduces heme/iron toxicity in the kidneys following hemolysis.
Application of adaptive equipment models to a photolithographic process

The accurate control of the photolithographic process is critical to the production of VLSI circuits. A control scheme is needed so that deviations from specifications may be compensated by adjustments to the process. Such a control scheme would take advantage of equipment models for the various steps involved in photolithography. Unfortunately, the equipment used for photolithography often changes with time, and is always subject to various disturbances which in turn introduce significant fluctuation in the process performance. In this report, we present an adaptive regression model which will evaluate itself and decide whether it should be refitted to the equipment to better reflect equipment behavior. The model is adaptively modified through recursive estimation based on in-line wafer measurements. Decisions for model changes are based on formal statistical tests which use the principles of the regression control chart [1]. This strategy is being tested on the spin-coat and bake equipment in the Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory and will soon be extended to the entire lithographic sequence.
Does Happiness Predict Medication Adherence among African Americans with Hypertension

Poor medication adherence is a leading cause of excessive cardiovascular morbidity among African Americans. Many adherence-promoting interventions have addressed economic barriers, improved the patient-provider relationship, simplified regimens, and used reminder systems; however, the problem of low adherence remains intractable. Meanwhile, positive psychological attributes that might serve to promote medication adherence have not been fully explored. To address this gap, we examined the association between happiness and medication adherence among low-income African Americans with hypertension treated in a safety-net setting. Data were obtained from the Alabama Collaboration for Cardiovascular Equality, 2007–2008. Happiness was measured using the 4-item scale of Lyubomirsky and Lepper; low, moderate, and high happiness were defined by tertiles because of the non-normal distribution. Medication adherence was assessed with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Associations were quantified with ordinal logistic regression. Our sample of 573 African Americans was 71.6 % female and had an average age ± SD of 53.6 ± 9.7 years and a median happiness score of 5.2. Compared to participants with low happiness, the odds (OR; 95 % CI) of being in a better medication adherence category were greater for those with moderate (1.53; 1.02–2.27) and high (2.26; 1.52-3.37) happiness, after adjusting for age, sex, income, education, and difficulty paying for medical care. Within this cohort of low-income African Americans with hypertension, participants with greater happiness exhibited better medication adherence. Although one interpretation of our study is that more adherent patients are naturally happier, our findings raise the possibility that adding happiness-boosting components may increase the effectiveness of more traditional adherence interventions.
An improved method of counting radioactive acrylamide gels.

Abstract A new method for counting sliced acrylamide gels is described. The method essentially consists of dissolving the sample at the relatively low temperature of 37° with a mixture of H 2 O 2 and NH 4 OH.
Nanometer-accurate grating fabrication with Scanning Beam Interference Lithography

We are developing a Scanning Beam Interference Lithography (SBIL) system. SBIL represents a new paradigm in semiconductor metrology, capable of patterning large-area linear gratings and grids with nanometer overall phase accuracy. Realizing our accuracy goal is a major challenge because the interference fringes have to be locked to a moving substrate with nanometer spatial phase errors while the period of the fringes has to be stabilized to approximately one part per million. In this paper, we present a review of the SBIL design, and report recent progress towards prototyping the first-ever SBIL tool.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF MATERNAL METHADONE ADDICTION IN THE NEWBORN

Systemic hypertension has been observed in a number of infants born to methadone-addicted mothers. A study was designed to determine the characteristics of this hypertensive state. Fifty newboms of mothers participating in the methadone program were selected. Blood pressures were obtained in both a sleeping and in a quiet, wakeful state. In 24 patients (48%) an abnormal elevation in the systolic blood pressure was documented (range: 90 to 120 mmHg.). The majority were normotensive at birth; hypertension usually developed during the third and fourth days of life. The average duration of hypertension was two weeks (range: 3 to 60 days). The following observations concerning the hypertensive state were noted: (1) hypertension was demonstrated both in the presence and absence of withdrawal symptoms. Normal blood pressures were observed in several patients with obvious withdrawal, (2) elevated blood pressure persisted several weeks after withdrawal symptoms ceased and was unaffected by usual treatment for withdrawal, (3) hypertension was unrelated to serum electrolytes, serum catecholamines, or maternal blood pressure. Electrocardiograms of 18 patients (36%) displayed abnormalities of the ST segments, T waves, and/or QT intervals. Congenital heart disease was documented in three patients (6%). Transient hypertension seems the most common cardiovascular abnormality in infants born to methadone-addicted mothers.
Statistical recognition of content terms in general text

This article discusses ways to improve the quality of retrieval systems that depend on the use of truncated words or quasi-word stems as an indexing vocabulary. The problems addressed are the generalizability and stability of discriminant function analysis for selecting good topical terms from terms of relatively high frequency in a database drawn from abstracts of Harris Survey press releases. Results confirm that topical terms can be identified by their statistical properties. Consistently high recall of topical terms under a variety of different conditions implies persistent underlying properties strong enough to resist changes in test environment.
Founders of pediatric pathology: Arthur James McAdams.

Arthur James (Jim) McAdams chaired the Division of Pediatric Pathology at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital from 1962 until 1995 during a period of unprecedented expansion in the mission of the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and its associated Research Foundation. Jim briefly was attracted to work in Cincinnati with Ben Landing, who was the first pathologist to be recruited to the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Jim departed shortly to his native California for a leadership position at the Oakland Children’s Hospital, and then was invited to return to Cincinnati when Ben vacated the Midwest in 1961 to seek his fortune in Los Angeles, CA. The pathology division (a component of the Research Foundation then and now) at the time of Jim’s arrival had its dwelling in a small wing that had been designed by Landing as an addition to the original Research Foundation building endowed and constructed in 1931. This new space was devoted to anatomic pathology only, as the clinical labs at that time were fragmented and under the leadership of academic pediatricians, as would continue to be the case, effectively, though increasingly anomalously, for the next 35 years. During this period, Jim expertly guided the pathology group and the tissue laboratory that supported its functions, as its work expanded in harmony with the steady growth and expansion of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital in both the clinical and research spheres. A tradition of excellence had been established by Landing during the formative 5 years of Ben’s tenure. Subsequently, under Jim’s much longer leadership, the pathology division gained enormously in strength through increasingly successful recruitment of faculty and fellows (35 under his mentorship). The result was steady collaborations with a small but very high-quality clinical faculty and, as times changed, with newly recruited scientists in the emerging field of developmental biology. Who was Jim McAdams? What was his style of leadership? Why was he so successful? What sort of things did he hold to be important? What was it about him that made many personal encounters with him so memorable? Why was he able to singlehandedly create and sustain one of the great departments of pediatric pathology? Of Scottish heritage, son of a building materials dealer, grandson of a protestant minister, Jim was raised in Santa Barbara, CA, and attended the University of California (Berkeley) where, lacking credits in German, a degree was not conferred. He headed east to complete his education at Johns Hopkins University Medical School. Residencies followed in Internal Medicine in Cooperstown, NY, and Pathology in Boston, MA, where he eventually came under the spell of a host of generational leaders in academic pathology including Sidney Farber at Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 17, 161–164, 2014
Sensitivity of polarized elastic electron-proton scattering to the anomalous baryon number magnetic moment

Abstract The anomalous baryon number magnetic moment may be a useful quantity in constraining various models of nucleon structure. It is shown that this quantify can be determined quite precisely in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons by unpolarized protons at low momentum transfer.
Amplifying Tests to Validate Exception Handling Code: An Extended Study in the Mobile Application Domain

Validating code handling exceptional behavior is difficult, particularly when dealing with external resources that may be noisy and unreliable, as it requires (1) systematic exploration of the space of exceptions that may be thrown by the external resources, and (2) setup of the context to trigger specific patterns of exceptions. In this work, we first present a study quantifying the magnitude of the problem by inspecting the bug repositories of a set of popular applications in the increasingly relevant domain of Android mobile applications. The study revealed that 22p of the confirmed and fixed bugs have to do with poor exceptional handling code, and half of those correspond to interactions with external resources. We then present an approach that addresses this challenge by performing an systematic amplification of the program space explored by a test by manipulating the behavior of external resources. Each amplification attempts to expose a program's exception handling constructs to new behavior by mocking an external resource so that it returns normally or throws an exception following a predefined set of patterns. Our assessment of the approach indicates that it can be fully automated, is powerful enough to detect 67p of the faults reported in the bug reports of this kind, and is precise enough that 78p of the detected anomalies are fixed, and it has a great potential to assist developers.
Unusual features of osteoarticular tuberculosis in children

Three children with tuberculous arthritis, two of whom also had tuberculous otitis media, are described. Two of the children were atypical at presentation, with an acute onset of arthritis, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells in the joint fluid. Both had histories of recurrent otitis media with perforations. Recognition that Mycobacterium tuberculosis could be the cause of disease in all three cases was delayed. Placement of a tuberculin skin test ultimately led to the correct diagnosis. These cases Illustrate that tuberculous arthritis is not always insidious in onset and underscore the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis infection in high-risk patient populations. Our experiences suggest that Mantoux skin tests might be considered part of the "routine" diagnostic study of children with arthritis or recurrent otitis media, especially in communities with high tuberculosis case rates.
Understanding the photographic image

This article elaborates on Barlow's distinction between images before the eye (pictures) and images behind the eye (mental images). The key focus of this article is on representational competence with respect to the common properties of pictures and, in particular, photographs. Despite a number of theoretical proposals to account for aspects of photographic understanding, no comprehensive or integrated theory at present claims any consensus. By the nature and variety of photographic practices, it is unlikely that there soon will be.
Reflecting on self-relevant experiences: Adult age differences.

A broad array of research findings suggest that older adults, as compared with younger adults, have a more positive sense of self and possibly a clearer and more consistent sense of self. Further, older adults report lower motivation to construct or maintain a sense of self. In the present study, we examined whether such differences in self-views were reflected in features of older and younger adults' narratives and narrating practices around recent, self-relevant events. Narratives about self-discrepant and self-confirming events were elicited from a sample of younger (18-37 years of age; n = 115) and older (58-90 years of age; n = 62) adults and were compared for indicators of engagement in self-construction, meanings, and emotionality. Older adults' narratives contained significantly fewer self-focused pronouns, less present tense, and less emotional language, and they were significantly less likely to articulate and resolve challenges to their self-concepts. These findings, as well as others, are consistent with the idea that older adults are less engaged in self-construction in narrating everyday events, perhaps especially for self-discrepant events.