cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gay Men, Lesbians and Substances of Abuse and the “Club and Circuit Party Scene”: What Clinicians Should Know

Abstract Many researchers believe that substance use rates are higher among gay men and lesbians than in the general population. In particular, recreational drugs, used as part of weekend and night “life” are particularly popular. In recent years these so called “club drugs” have become a regular part of many gay men and women's social life. MDMA, better known as “Ecstasy,” is a synthetic amphetamine derivative, with some unique physiological properties. MDMA can induce depression and panic attacks in those who use it. A serious concern is the potential that MDMA may cause long lasting, even permanent neuropsychiatric damage, in particular to serotonin neurons. Ketamine, “Special K,” is a dissasociative anesthetic which induces feelings of unreality, and may even cause catato-nia (a “K hole”). GHB is a naturally occurring biological substance which has effects similar to alcohol. Modest doses can cause sleep, and coma. There have been a growing number of reports of fatal overdoses associated with GHB. The...
Calcium activity in different classes of myenteric neurons underlying the migrating motor complex in the murine colon

The spontaneous colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) is a cyclical contractile and electrical event that is the primary motor pattern underlying fecal pellet propulsion along the murine colon. We have combined Ca2+ imaging with immunohistochemistry to determine the role of different classes of myenteric neurons during the CMMC. Between CMMCs, myenteric neurons usually displayed ongoing but uncoordinated activity. Stroking the mucosa at the oral or anal end of the colon resulted in a CMMC (latency: ∼6 to 10 s; duration: ∼28 s) that consisted of prolonged increases in activity in many myenteric neurons that was correlated to Ca2+ transients in and displacement of the muscle. These neurons were likely excitatory motor neurons. Activity in individual neurons during the CMMC was similar regardless of whether the CMMC occurred spontaneously or was evoked by anal or oral mucosal stimulation. This suggests that convergent interneuronal pathways exist which generate CMMCs. Interestingly, Ca2+ transients in a subset of NOS +ve neurons were substantially reduced during the CMMC. These neurons are likely to be inhibitory motor neurons that reduce their activity during a complex (disinhibition) to allow full excitation of the muscle. Local stimulation of the mucosa evoked synchronized Ca2+ transients in Dogiel Type II (mitotracker/calbindin-positive) neurons after a short delay (∼1–2 s), indicating they were the sensory neurons underlying the CMMC. These local responses were observed in hexamethonium, but were blocked by ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist), suggesting Dogiel Type II neurons were activated by 5-HT release from enterochromaffin cells in the mucosa. In fact, removal of the mucosa yielded no spontaneous CMMCs, although many neurons (NOS +ve and NOS −ve) exhibited ongoing activity, including Dogiel Type II neurons. These results suggest that spontaneous or evoked 5-HT release from the mucosa is necessary for the activation of Dogiel Type II neurons that generate CMMCs.
Aluminum Titanate Compositions for Diesel Particulate Filters

ABSTRACT Compositions in the mixed strontium/calcium feldspar ([Sr/Ca]O . Al 2 O 3. 2SiO 2 ) - aluminum titanate (Al 2 O 3. TiO 2 ) system have been investigated as alternative materials for the diesel particulate filter (DPF) application. A key attribute of these compositions is their low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Samples have been prepared with porosities of >50% having average pore sizes of between 12 and 16µm. The superior thermal shock resistance, increased resistance to ash attack, and high volumetric heat capacity of these materials, coupled with monolithic fabrication, provide certain advantages over currently available silicon carbide products. In addition, based on testing done so far aluminum titanate-based filters have demonstrated chemical durability and comparable pressure drop (both bare and catalyzed) to current, commercially available, silicon carbide products. INTRODUCTION Diesel particulate matter (PM) emissions pose serious health concerns and are under environmental regulation. Diesel filter after-treatment technology is currently used to remediate PM emissions. SiC and cordierite filters are two of the most viable solutions available for use today. Cordierite has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and can survive thermal shock in this application, but cordierite is limited by its low heat capacity. It is also susceptible to ash reaction during exceedingly high temperature applications [1]. SiC, on the other hand, has a lower thermal shock resistance and thus needs to be segmented. The segmentation increases manufacturing costs and is a concern because of potential mechanical integrity issues. Other issues with SiC have been reported recently and solutions have been implemented [2-3]. An alternate DPF candidate is a novel Aluminum Titanate (AT) ceramic oxide composite. The composition is highly refractory with a melting temperature exceeding 1500°C. The high heat capacity of the composition is an attribute that is beneficial for thermal management and allows the filter regeneration temperature to be low. Although the intrinsic coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum titanate is quite high (CTE = >9*10
Decreased Clearance of CNS β-Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease is hypothesized to be caused by an imbalance between β-amyloid (Aβ) production and clearance that leads to Aβ accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS). Aβ production and clearance are key targets in the development of disease-modifying therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. However, there has not been direct evidence of altered Aβ production or clearance in Alzheimer's disease. By using metabolic labeling, we measured Aβ42 and Aβ40 production and clearance rates in the CNS of participants with Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal controls. Clearance rates for both Aβ42 and Aβ40 were impaired in Alzheimer's disease compared with controls. On average, there were no differences in Aβ40 or Aβ42 production rates. Thus, the common late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by an overall impairment in Aβ clearance.
Efficient switched-capacitor prefilters based on recursive running sum cells

An efficient implementation of recursive running sum filters based on switched-capacitor techniques is proposed. In order to improve the frequency selectivity of these cells, two novel sharpening procedures are proposed. The resulting filter blocks are completely stray-insensitive and exhibit very low element sensitivities. >
Potentiation of the effect of oncolytic viruses.

0 N c o L Y T I c viruses demonstrate the ability to invade and to destroy tumor cells. Continuing experiments with oncolytic viruses have been carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, since March, 1953. Prior reports have been made on the results of treatment of heterologous tumor transplants with APC, virus,l i.e., the strain of adenopharyngoconjunctival virus. The oncolytic effect of the APC, virus was first noticed by Rowe and associates2 These workers found that the virus was cytopathogenic to the HeLa cells, the base of the culture, which were originally derived from epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix as described by Ryan.3 Rowe? also reported the isolation of this adenopharyngoconjunctival virus. In tissue cultures containing both epithelial cells and fibroblasts, the virus affected the epithelial cells first. The nuclei became indistinguishable in the granular cytoplasm of the cells. The cells finally became pyknotic and fell into the wall of the tube. In turn, then, the fibroblasts were attacked. On the basis of this evidence, APC, virus was obtained from Dr. Ted Suie of the Ohio State University, Department of Ophthalmology, for injection into the H.Ee,. hosts in order to study the effect of the carcinoma.
Consideration of Computer Mediated Education: A Critique

Presently technology is proliferating throughout the world at an un precedented rate. The computer, to cite a prime example, has made its way into the home, farm, factory and of course the classroom. Great problem-solving claims are made by those who favor this in crease in computerization. However, the philosophical underpinnings of technology are not currently being given serious attention, consequently its deepest social impact remains obscured. Without an examination of the technological “world-view,” technicized images of the classroom, learning, and students which accompany it may go undetected (Ihde, 1977, pp. 139-143; Thde, 1979, pp. 3-39). The aim of this paper is, therefore, to reflect philosophically upon the ground of technology, and to steer the dis cussion towards an appraisal of educational practices which draw from a more general technological world-view. It will be argued that the prevailing technology portrays social existence quite negatively and stifles the critical and creative style of learning that most educa tors extoll.
Ascorbic Acid Enhances Ferritin mRNA Translation by an IRP/Aconitase Switch

Replenishment of ascorbate in cultured cells, which are almost uniformly vitamin-deficient, increases ferritin mRNA translation in response to iron by 20-fold (Toth, I., Rogers, J. T., McPhee, J. A., Elliott, S. M., Abramson, S. L., and Bridges, K. R.(1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2846-2852). We now demonstrate that ascorbate increases cytosolic aconitase activity. The iron-responsive element-binding protein (IRP-1) exists in three states: bound to mRNA without aconitase activity, free in the cytosol without aconitase activity, and free in the cytosol with aconitase activity. Ascorbate converts free IRP-1 to the enzymatically active form. Enhanced ferritin synthesis with subsequent iron stimulation is due to the altered equilibrium of the free IRP-1. The cellular biology of iron is closely intertwined with that of ascorbate.
Vagotonia in infants, children, adolescents and young adults

Twenty-four patients with various manifestations of increased vagal tone were seen between 1975 and 1981. Three distinct groups could be identified by clinical characteristics and to some extent by age. The first group showed evidence of prolonged atrioventricular conduction on their electrocardiograms but were asymptomatic. The others presented with syncope, the etiology of which was determined to be vasovagal. Some patients were older and more athletic. They suffered from syncope associated with exercise or heavy exertion. The youngest patients, however, experienced frequent prolonged episodes of syncope often mistaken for seizures. Treatment for the older patients with syncope consisted mainly of behavior modification, while 5 out of 6 younger patients required the implantation of a ventricular demand pacemaker to prevent repeated and problematic recurrences of syncope.
Circulation and Angular Momentum in the A Phase of Superfluid Helium-3

It is shown that the curl of the velocity field generally identified with v/sub s/ in the A phase of superfluid $sup 3$He is entirely determined in the absence of singularities by the spatial gradients of the order-parameter symmetry axis 1. As a simple application of this relation it is argued that, in a texture of cylindrical symmetry in a volume V, the liquid should have a nonvanishing thermal-equilibrium orbital angular momentum of order rho/sub s/Vh/M. (AIP)
Role of the Macrophage in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and Other Comorbidities in Patients on Effective Antiretroviral Treatment

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has altered the outcomes of HIV infection in treated populations by greatly reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections, cancer, and HIV-associated dementia. Despite these benefits, treated patients remain at high risk of chronic diseases affecting the peripheral organs and brain. Generally, these morbidities are attributed to persistence of latent HIV in resting T cells, chronic inflammation, and metabolic effects of ART. This review makes the case that monocytes/macrophages warrant attention as persistent reservoirs of HIV under ART, source of systemic and brain inflammation, and important targets for HIV eradication to control chronic HIV diseases.
Selective reactivity of sera from alloimmunized sheep and cattle against human T and leukemia cells.

Abstract Human B and T lymphocytes from a panel of healthy individuals were tested against serial dilutions of 68 mare, 81 cow, 7 sow, and 87 ewe sera. All the animals had been alloimmunized by pregnancies andlor blood transfusions. Weak correlations with HLA-A. B. C. and DR specificities were found in 20 sera. Twelve other sera, 9 from ewes and 3 from cows, had a strong reactivity against T lymphocytes but weak or no reactivity against B cells, spleen null cells, granulocytes, and platelets., suggesting a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cross-reactivity. They were cytotoxic for most of the cells of malignant proliferative origin tested thus far, including T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T ALL), common ALL (cALL), acute mycloblastic leukemia (AML), and Sezary cells, but were negative with B lymphoblastoid cell lines and cells from patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeclocytic leukemia (CML). The hypothesis that humans and certain other mammals share a common determinant on T-lineage cells and some malignant cells is advanced.
Effects of nanoparticle and porous metal oxide supports on the activity of palladium catalysts in the oxidative coupling of 4-methylpyridine

Abstract The oxidative coupling of 4-methylpyridine to 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine over palladium oxide is a simple, environmentally friendly, one-step process to produce bipyridines, which are commonly used with transition metal ions to form complexes with interesting properties. However, the reaction is slow and the palladium catalyst deactivates during reaction, which means that catalyst improvements are needed for large-scale production of more economically viable bipyridine products. In this study, a number of metal oxides were investigated as catalyst supports and compared to the best performing catalysts to date, i.e. Pd/C and Pd/n-Al2O3(+). Catalysts supported on several nanoparticle oxides with varying properties as well as some conventional supports were prepared and characterized in an attempt to determine properties that lead to high catalytic activities in the oxidative coupling of 4-methylpyridine. It was found that two general categories of active catalysts can be prepared; (1) palladium supported on very high surface area materials, such as Pd/n-Al2O3(+) and Pd/MgO, and (2) palladium supported on metal oxides known to induce strong palladium-support interactions, e.g. Pd/ZrO2, Pd/(n-ZrO2 + n-CeO2) and Pd/n-ZnO. While there is no simple correlation between the palladium surface area and the catalytic activity, higher palladium dispersions generally gave higher yields compared to lower dispersion catalysts. The results indicate that the reaction is structure sensitive, i.e. not all the palladium on the surface is equivalent and some palladium species are more active than others. The acidic and basic properties of the supports were determined via chemisorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide, respectively. The data indicate that there is no correlation between the acidic or basic sites of the supports and the palladium dispersion or the catalytic activity, although highly acidic or highly basic supports should be avoided as they resulted in lower dispersions than expected from their corresponding surface areas. In terms of economic viability the porous TiO2 support was determined to be the most competitive with the nanoparticle alumina support as it results in a catalyst with comparable yields and is less expensive compared with nanoparticle alumina. The palladium supported on nanoparticle ZrO2 and MgO are also promising catalysts.
Primary cutaneous aspergillosis with lung involvement in a transplant patient

Summary Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a rare, life-threatening infection in liver transplant recipients. Here, we report a case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis with following lung involvement in a liver transplant recipient. The survival rate of patients with IPA can be increased by early diagnosis using high-resolution computed tomography, a combination of two effective antifungal agents, temporal reduction or cessation of immunosuppressive drugs, and surgical intervention with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
Single unit activity of noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus and serotonergic neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis of freely moving cats in relation to the cardiac cycle

Abstract Single unit activity of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) and of noradrenergic (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) was recorded in relation to the cardiac cycle in awake, freely moving cats. The discharge of NRD-5-HT neurons showed no relationship to the cardiac cycle, while LC-NE neurons displayed a cardiac periodicity such that the units were most likely to fire from 80 to 180 ms after the peak of the cardiac r-wave (diastole), and least likely to fire during the period from 40 ms before to 60 ms after the r-wave (systole). The strength of this periodicity was inversely related to the discharge rate of individual cells. Exposure to a noxious environmental stimulus (15 min of 100 dB white noise) greatly attenuated the cardiac relationship of LC-NE neurons. A blood volume expansion of approximately 15% (9.0 ml/kg b. wt.) decreased unit rate by about 25%, but did not alter either the timing or the magnitude of the LC-NE cardiac relationship. These data are discussed in terms of the participation of NRD-5-HT and LC-NE neurons in cardiovascular function, and the possible role of LC-NE neurons in short-and long-term volume homeostasis.
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage

A package of 38 low level subprograms for many of the basic operations of numerical linear algebra is presented. The package is intended to be used with FORTRAN. The operations in the package are dot products, elementary vector operations, Givens transformations, vector copy and swap, vector norms, vector scaling, and the indices of components of largest magnitude. The subprograms and a test driver are available in portable FORTRAN. Versions of the subprograms are also provided in assembly language for the IBM 360/67, the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600, and the Univac 1108.
Hypothalamic generation of effector signals

Abstract The development of the widely-held hypothesis that the neurons that generate the single-unit activity observed in the hypothalamus are responsible for thermoregulatory effector signals is described. Serious objections to the continued acceptance of this hypotheses are discussed. Primarily these objections are: (1) the incompatibility of the described single-unit responses to pyrogens with whole-animal thermoregulatory responses to fever production; and (2) the recent demonstration that rostral brain stem single-unit activity in birds is similar to that described in mammals, yet birds lack an appropriate thermosensitivity within the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area. Alternative interpretations are discussed.
ProTxII Interacts Specifically with the Domain II Voltage Sensor of NaV1.4 Modifying Gating Without Immobilization

ProTxII, a peptide extracted from the venom of the tarantula Thrixopelma pruriens, binds to multiple voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms. In NaV1.2 ProTxII reduces the sodium conductance and decreases total gating charge (Sokolov et al., Mol. Pharm. 73:1020). In this isoform the toxin's effect could be partially reversed with strong depolarization indicating interactions with one or more of the voltage sensors. Mutagenesis data further implicated the domain II voltage sensor in the toxin-channel interaction in NaV1.2. Here we have shown that, as was seen for NaV1.2, ProTxII (2-5μM) produced a decrease in maximum conductance (∼60%) and a decrease in total gating charge (∼20%) in the NaV1.4 isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Unlike NaV1.2, however, these effects on NaV1.4 could not be reversed with strong depolarization. We also discovered a single residue, S660, located at the S3-S4 linker/S4 boundary of DII, which when mutated, renders this channel insensitive to toxin. We used site-specific fluorescent measurements to determine the effect of ProTxII on the movement of individual voltage sensors. In the presence of ProTxII the voltage dependence of the fluorescent signal of DIIS4 was modified, but not eliminated, indicating that this voltage sensor is not completely immobilized upon toxin binding. The fluorescent signals measured from domains I and III were not significantly affected by ProTxII implicating a specific interaction with DII in producing the effect of ProTxII on NaV1.4. Supported by GM30376 (FB) and NS061535-01(GBE).
The effect of fabrication variables on the load relaxation behavior of unirradiated Zircaloy sheet

Abstract Load relaxation tests were performed on Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 sheets with varied textures and microstructures. Experimental data in the form of logarithmic stress versus logarithmic strain rate curves showed characteristics which can be used to identify the deformation mechanisms involved. The low flow stress and the absence of grain boundary sliding at temperatures below 350°C found in the 0° texture Zircaloy-4 make it potentially useful as a material for fuel element cladding.
PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION BY BACLOFEN OF RETINOHYPOTHALAMIC EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN RAT SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS

Optic nerve stimulation evoked monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons maintained in vitro. These currents were completely blocked by a combination of glutamate receptor antagonists, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and 4-aminophosphonovaleric acid. Stimulation of the ipsilateral or contralateral suprachiasmatic nucleus produced a biphasic response consisting of an excitatory postsynaptic current followed by an bicuculline-sensitive inhibitory postsynaptic current. Most suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons had spontaneous inhibitory and excitatory synaptic currents produced by action potential-independent and, less frequently, action potential-dependent release of GABA and glutamate. Baclofen reversibly reduced the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents evoked by optic nerve stimulation and the effect was antagonized by 2-hydroxysaclofen. In addition, baclofen reduced the frequency but not the amplitude of the spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. In a subset of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons, baclofen induced an outward current, probably by increasing a potassium conductance. Baclofen had no effect on either evoked or spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents or on currents activated by pulse application of glutamate. These data indicate that activation of GABAB receptors can inhibit suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons by two mechanisms. The first is to inhibit the release of glutamate from terminals of the retinohypothalamic tract. The second is the postsynaptic activation of a potassium conductance in a portion of these neurons.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of the LS(1)-0417MOD Airfoil Model

The LS(1)-0417MOD airfoil model was tested in The Ohio State University’s 3×5 wind tunnel both clean and with the application of leading edge grit roughness and with vortex generators. The tests were conducted in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional model configurations and for steady state and unsteady flow conditions. Pressure data were obtained from six spanwise stations. The results showed that the application of the grit roughness reduces the maximum lift coefficients in all configurations. Unsteady maximum lift coefficients were always higher than those for steady state and had, generally, large hysteresis loops. In the case of the unsteady flow however, the hysteresis loops were smaller for the three dimensional (wing) flows. The smallest hysteresis loops were found at the tip spanwise station. The application of the vortex generators at certain chordwise locations reduced the hysteresis loops and increased the maximum lift coefficient, especially in the three dimensional configuration.Copyright © 2003 by The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Oxygen Level and LFP in Task-Positive and Task-Negative Areas: Bridging BOLD fMRI and Electrophysiology

The human default mode network (DMN) shows decreased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals in response to a wide range of attention-demanding tasks. Our understanding of the specifics regarding the neural activity underlying these "task-negative" BOLD responses remains incomplete. We paired oxygen polarography, an electrode-based oxygen measurement technique, with standard electrophysiological recording to assess the relationship of oxygen and neural activity in task-negative posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of the DMN, and visually responsive task-positive area V3 in the awake macaque. In response to engaging visual stimulation, oxygen, LFP power, and multi-unit activity in PCC showed transient activation followed by sustained suppression. In V3, oxygen, LFP power, and multi-unit activity showed an initial phasic response to the stimulus followed by sustained activation. Oxygen responses were correlated with LFP power in both areas, although the apparent hemodynamic coupling between oxygen level and electrophysiology differed across areas. Our results suggest that oxygen responses reflect changes in LFP power and multi-unit activity and that either the coupling of neural activity to blood flow and metabolism differs between PCC and V3 or computing a linear transformation from a single LFP band to oxygen level does not capture the true physiological process.
Theoretical influence of third molecule on reaction channels of weakly bound complex CO2… HF systems

In this investigation, reaction channels of weakly bound complexes CO 2 ···HF, CO 2 ···HF···NH 3 , CO 2 ···HF···H 2 O and CO 2 ···HF···CH 3 OH systems were established at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2pd) level, using the Gaussian 98 program. The conformers of syn-fluoroformic acid or syn-fluoroformic acid plus a third molecule (NH 3 , H 2 O, or CH 3 OH) were found to be more stable than the conformers of the related anti-fluoroformic acid or anti-fluoroformic acid plus a third molecule (NH 3 , H 2 O, or CH 3 OH). However, the weakly bound complexes were found to be more stable than either the related syn- and anti-type fluoroformic acid or the acid plus third molecule (NH 3 , H 2 O, or CH 3 OH) conformers. They decomposed into CO 2 + HF, CO 2 + NH 4 F, CO 2 + H 3 OF or CO 2 + (CH 3 )OH 2 F combined molecular systems. The weakly bound complexes have four reaction channels, each of which includes weakly bound complexes and related systems. Moreover, each reaction channel includes two transition state structures. The transition state between the weakly bound complex and anti-fluoroformic acid type structure (T 13 ) is significantly larger than that of internal rotation (T 23 ) between the syn- and anti-FCO 2 H (or FCO 2 H···NH 3 , FCO 2 H···H 2 O, or FCO 2 H···CH 3 OH) structures. However, adding the third molecule NH 3 , H 2 O, or CH 3 OH can significantly reduce the activation energy of T 13 . The catalytic strengths of the third molecules are predicted to follow the order H 2 O < NH 3 < CH 3 OH.
Mutagenesis of Strains of Propionibacterium to Produce Cold-Sensitive Mutants

Abstract A mutagenesis procedure that involved exposures to N-methyl-N ′-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine followed by penicillin counterselection was developed to obtain cold-sensitive mutants of strains of Propionibacterium commonly used for production of Swiss cheese. Optimum conditions for mutagenesis were exposure to 150μg/ml N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine for 30min at 32°C to kill approximately 99.0% of the cells, followed by exposure to 2000μg/ml penicillin G at 14°C for 48h to select for those organisms unable to grow at low temperature. Seven cold-sensitive mutants were found that grew at rates similar to that of the parent at 32°C but grew much more slowly than the parent 14°C. All mutants behaved identically to the parent strain in tests to determine sugar fermentations and nitrate reduction. Three of the cold-sensitive mutants differed from the parent strain in sensitivity to streptomycin, which suggests they may contain altered ribosomes.
Orientational effects in the infrared spectrum of the double layer material, magnesium aluminum hydroxide ferrocyanide

Abstract The infrared spectrum of the title compound, examined in a KBr disc, contains two strong overlapping bands in the CN stretching region. In oriented samples of the same material, examined with light traveling along the c axis, the sharper of of these bands is absent. This is in accord with a model in which the octahedral ferrocyanide ions are oriented with their individual 3-fold axes parallel to the c axis. The results suggest a general method for determining the orientation of intercalated and exchanged species in layered hosts.
ATMOSPHERIC AND UNDERWATER PROPAGATION OF BULLFROG VOCALIZATIONS

ABSTRACT Male bullfrogs vocalize while partially submerged in shallow freshwater ponds. This imposes two potential propagation pathways, atmospheric and underwater, on transmission of their communication sounds. Propagation of pure tones, amplitude modulated (AM) broadband noise and natural calls was measured in air and underwater at three bullfrog breeding sites. In air, propagation losses were consistent with spherical spreading. No excess attenuation was observed for any tone frequency at any site. Both temporal envelope modulations and spectral cues are available to conspecific receivers at biologically realistic distances. The bullfrog's advertisement call is thus well adapted for transmission in air at the air/water interface. Underwater signal propagation differed at the three sites, consistent with substrate effects. Tone propagation showed the high-pass frequency window characteristic of shallow water. Broadband signals underwent propagation losses greater than expected by cylindrical spreading. ...
The family economic environment as a context for children's development

Longitudinal studies of parents experiencing unemployment and economic instability indicate how unstable the family context may be for the children, affecting their health and behavior and, very likely, their ideas about the world of work.
The placement of the songs in Dekker's the shoemaker's holiday

(1992). The placement of the songs in Dekker's the shoemaker's holiday. English Studies: Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 121-123.
The Shell Membrane as a Barrier to Bacterial Penetration of Eggs

ABSTRACT In previous studies (Stokes and Osborne, 1956; Elliott and Brant, 1957) it was reported that the egg shell membrane exerts no bactericidal activity against species of Pseudomonas bacteria. High correlation coefficients were obtained by Lorenz et al. (1952) between membrane infection and subsequent infection of albumen in shell eggs. Other workers (Haines, 1938; Gillespie and Scott, 1950; Elliott, 1954) have suggested that the inner shell membrane offers mechanical protection against invasion by microorganisms. More recently, Walden et al. (1956) demonstrated, by the use of tracer experiments, that passage of Pseudomonas fluorescens through the shell membrane was prevented for periods of 15 to 20 hours. Since experimental evidence indicated that the membrane did not act as a bactericide toward certain spoilage organisms it seemed desirable that further work be directed toward investigating the physical function of the membrane in relation to bacterial infection. The object of the study presented here was . . .
Family Effects on Antipredator Behavior in the Field Cricket, Gryllus Integer

Most animals have antipredator mechanisms. These may include a variety of behaviors. One such behavior is “freezing”, i.e. becoming immobile in response to a predator. This paper is focused on freezing behavior in a species of field cricket, Gryllus integer. We studied this behavior in both nymphs and adults, and looked for family effects, as well as the effects of sex. Our research shows that there are no family effects in nymphs, but there are family effects in adults. No sex differences occur between the sexes at either stage of development. Because all of the crickets were reared under identical conditions in the laboratory, such family effects are likely due to genetic effects, maternal effects, or both.
Role of vortex strings in the three-dimensional O(2) model.

Using Monte Carlo techniques, we show that vortex strings are responsible for the phase transition in the three-dimensional planar model. The phase structure for a generalized planar model with vortex suppression is determined. This latter model has the unusual feature of long-range order in a ground state with finite, disordering entropy.
Developing laminar mixed convection with solidification in a vertical channel

Solidification of both high and low Prandtl number fluids (n-octadecane and aluminum) is considered for downward, mixed convection in the entrance region between vertical parallel plates symmetrically cooled below the fusion temperature. A continuum model is used to formulate a set of steady, two-dimensional parial differential equations, which include the influences of both axial diffusion and thermal buoyancy. The equations are solved using a fully elliptic, control-volume-based-finite-difference scheme. Results reveal that, for a given phase change system, conditions are uniquely determined by Grashof-to-Reynolds number ratio, Gr/Re, a Peclet number Pe, and a characteristic dimensionless temperature. Limiting cases involving both large and small values of Pe have been considered, and the effect of Gr/Re on thermally induced flow reversal in the fluid core has been determined.
Endogenous Interleukin-12 Regulates Acquired Resistance in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

Treatment with interleukin-12 (IL-12) induces leishmanicidal activity in experimental Leishmania donovani infection; therefore, BALB/c mice were injected with anti-IL-12 antibody to define the role of endogenous IL-12 in acquired resistance in this disseminated intracellular infection. Anti-IL-12 administration started 1 day after infection and given for 4 weeks abolished control of visceral parasite replication and in parallel suppressed endogenous interferon-gamma production and tissue granuloma assembly. Early (during week 1 only) and delayed treatment (during weeks 2-4 only) with anti-IL-12 also exacerbated visceral infection at week 4. These results point to a central role for endogenous IL-12 in acquired resistance to intracellular L. donovani and suggest that IL-12 is active in the cell-mediated immune response beyond the initial stage of host-parasite interaction.
In Search of an Adult Attachment Stress Provocation to Measure Effect on the Oxytocin System A Pilot Validation Study

BACKGROUND: Oxytocin is a promising biomarker for psychiatric conditions arising from early relational trauma, childhood maltreatment, and attachment dysregulation, including posttraumatic stress a...
Lessons Learned in Empirical Scoring with smina from the CSAR 2011 Benchmarking Exercise

We describe a general methodology for designing an empirical scoring function and provide smina, a version of AutoDock Vina specially optimized to support high-throughput scoring and user-specified custom scoring functions. Using our general method, the unique capabilities of smina, a set of default interaction terms from AutoDock Vina, and the CSAR (Community Structure–Activity Resource) 2010 data set, we created a custom scoring function and evaluated it in the context of the CSAR 2011 benchmarking exercise. We find that our custom scoring function does a better job sampling low RMSD poses when crossdocking compared to the default AutoDock Vina scoring function. The design and application of our method and scoring function reveal several insights into possible improvements and the remaining challenges when scoring and ranking putative ligands.
Hydrogen interactions with metals

Review of the literature on the nature and extent of hydrogen interactions with metals and the role of hydrogen in metal failure. The classification of hydrogen-containing systems is discussed, including such categories as covalent hydrides, volatile hydrides, polymeric hydrides, and transition metal hydride complexes. The use of electronegativity as a correlating parameter in determining hydride type is evaluated. A detailed study is made of the thermodynamics of metal-hydrogen systems, touching upon such aspects as hydrogen solubility, the positions occupied by hydrogen atoms within the solvent metal lattice, the derivation of thermodynamic functions of solid solutions from solubility data, and the construction of statistical models for hydrogen-metal solutions. A number of theories of hydrogen-metal bonding are reviewed, including the rigid-band model, the screened-proton model, and an approach employing the augmented plane wave method to solve the one-electron energy band problem. Finally, the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement is investigated on the basis of literature data concerning stress effects and the kinetics of hydrogen transport to critical sites.
Surface Bernstein modes in a metal

Abstract The dispersion relation for an electron gas confined by infinite potential barriers is studied using the RPA. A magnetic field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the infinite plane slab faces. There are an infinite number of plasma resonances of the Bernstein mode type near each multiple of the cyclotron frequency ( nω c ) in addition to magnetoplasmons which are plasmons dressed by a magnetic field. Both types of modes are of course collective oscillations of the electron charge density. Ignoring the quantum-mechanical interference terms in the RPA, we expand the dispersion relation as a power series in the wave vector q up to order q 2 and obtain the surface plasma resonance near 2ω c in the long wavelength limit for films of finite thickness. Numerical calculations are done and the results are discussed.
Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890 1999

Abstract Historical records of damage from major tornadoes in the United States are taken and adjusted for inflation and wealth. Such adjustments provide a more reliable method to compare losses over time in the context of significant societal change. From 1890 to 1999, the costliest tornado on the record, adjusted for inflation, is the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City tornado, with an adjusted $963 million in damage (constant 1997 dollars). Including an adjustment for growth in wealth, on the other hand, clearly shows the 27 May 1896 Saint Louis–East Saint Louis tornado to be the costliest on record. An extremely conservative adjustment for the 1896 tornado gives a value of $2.2 billion. A more realistic adjustment yields a figure of $2.9 billion. A comparison of the ratio of deaths to wealth-adjusted damage shows a clear break in 1953, at the beginning of the watch/warning/awareness program of the National Weather Service.
1,1-Dichloroethylene-induced pulmonary injury.

Oral administration of 1.1-dichloroethylene (1.1-DCE) produces acute injury to the lungs of C57B1/6 mice. The bronchiolar epithelium is most severely affected with damage selective for Clara cells. After a 100 mg kg/dose of 1.1-DCE. Clara cells show extensive dilatation of cisternae and degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum. At 6 hr after administration of 200 mg 1.1-DCE/kg, both ciliated and Clara cells are necntic. and bronchiolar epithelial lining exfoliates. By 24 hr. pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and focal atelectasis are also present. Pulmonary injury, at 24 hr after the high dose, is associated with a significant hypoxia as demonstrated through a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. In spite of the severe injury, recovery occurs and airways display an intact epithelial lining with normal parenchymal elements by 7 days.
A Survey of Recent Management Science Applications in Higher Education Administration

A survey of recent articles reveals how much management science is really used in higher education administration by classifying each article according to the technique used, implementation experience, purpose of the model, administrative level, the resources to be allocated, and academic program. The results indicate an increased use of management science at the departmental level, but very little use in state or federal educational administration. The resource allocation problems of assigning faculty to courses or developing future budgets have been attacked diligently, although often with few actual implementations. However, other potentially rewarding areas such as operation of the physical plant have received little attention. Very few uses of MIS have been reported, but a number of successful DSSs have been developed and used.
Increased sensitivity of scleroderma fibroblasts in culture to stimulation of protein and collagen synthesis by serum

Abstract Serum effects on 14 C-proline incorporation and 14 C-hydroxyproline synthesis by normal and scleroderma fibroblasts in culture were studied. Serum resulted in 97% and 212% increases in 14 C-proline incorporation in two lines of scleroderma fibroblasts while the increase in normal fibroblasts was only 53%. Effects on collagen synthesis were more pronounced. Addition of serum resulted in 124% and 445% increments in 14 C-hydroxyproline synthesis in the scleroderma fibroblasts but only a 43% increment in the normal fibroblasts. The results indicate that cultured scleroderma fibroblasts have increased sensitivity to biosynthetic stimulation by serum and this mechanism may be of pathogenetic importance in the excessive collagen accumulation characteristic of the disease.
Vortex Plastic Motion in Twinned Superconductors.

We present simulations, without electrodynamical assumptions, of {ital B}{bold (}{ital x},{ital y},{ital H}({ital t}){bold )},{ital M}{bold (}{ital H}({ital t}){bold )}, and {ital J}{sub {ital c}}{bold (}{ital H}({ital t}){bold )} in hard superconductors for a variety of twin-boundary pinning potential parameters, and for a range of values of the density and strength of the pinning sites. We numerically solve the overdamped equations of motion of up to 10{sup 4} flux-gradient-driven vortices which can be temporarily trapped at {approximately}10{sup 6} pinning centers. These simulations relate macroscopic measurements [e.g., {ital M}({ital H}), {open_quote}{open_quote}flame{close_quote}{close_quote} shaped {ital B}({ital x},{ital y}) profiles] with the underlying microscopic pinning landscape and the plastic dynamics of individual vortices. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Circulating IgG autoantibodies to IgE in atopic syndromes

Abstract Sera from nonatopic healthy donors and patients with hyper-IgE syndrome, allergic respiratory disease, i.e., allergic rhinitis and asthma, and atopic dermatitis were assayed for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to IgE. The assay used was based on an ELISA method that measured the binding of IgG or IgM in test sera to myeloma IgE (PS)-coated microtiter wells. The levels of IgG anti-IgE but not of IgM anti-IgE were elevated in patient sera of all three categories tested. The same sera failed to demonstrate increased levels of IgG anti-IgM or IgG anti-IgA. Significant IgG anti-IgE activity remained after absorption of patient sera over pooled human IgG F(ab′) 2 Sepharose. The IgG anti-IgE activity appeared to be directed toward the Fc portion of IgE because absorption of positive sera over IgE (ADZ) Sepharose but not over myeloma IgG Sepharose completely removed their reactivity with IgE (PS) and because sera from atopic individuals but not from normal subjects contained IgG anti-IgE activity against the protein backbone of the Fc portion of IgE synthesized from a fragment of the cloned gene of human myeloma IgE (ND) heavy chain. Regression analysis demonstrated a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.31; p 19S) were found only in sera from patients with atopic dermatitis and hyper-IgE syndrome. These large molecular size IC may contribute to the impairment of cell-mediated immunity and to the inflammatory skin lesions associated with these two diseases.
A qualitative study of caregivers' experiences with newly diagnosed advanced colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To report on a descriptive, qualitative study of 14 caregivers of patients newly diagnosed with advanced colorectal cancer. RESEARCH APPROACH Qualitative. SETTING One urban ambulatory cancer center in the northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS 14 identified caregivers of patients newly diagnosed with stage III or IV colorectal cancer. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH Semistructured interviews were taped recorded. Interviewers asked participants to describe their experiences caring for a loved one with colorectal cancer. Thematic content analysis with inductive coding was used to code the transcribed interview data. Throughout the data-coding process, emics in each category were compared within and between categories to maximize the fit of participants' data. Categories were reviewed in a final stage of analysis and further organized into domains from which the core category was derived. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Caregiver experiences of living with a person with colorectal cancer, effect on daily living, coping strategies used, and effect on children. FINDINGS The coded interview data yielded three domains: Experiencing Total Disruption of My Life, Staying Positive, and Attempting to Keep Family and Children's Routines as Normal as Possible. The core category that explained study participants' caregiving experiences was "balancing caregiving activities and disruptions while dealing positively with daily demands and personal impact." CONCLUSIONS The dominant experiences of the participants focused on coming to terms with the disease's disruption in their lives, attempting to deal positively with the effect of the disease, and maintaining normalcy in family life. INTERPRETATION Targeted assessment of caregivers' needs is important in the three dimensions of the study domains. Clinicians who work with caregivers of patients with cancer should offer direct support because caregivers cope with the care of their loved one and struggle with their own distress and with maintaining normal family life. Findings suggest the importance of offering psychosocial support to caregivers and providing guidance to caregivers for support of their children and families.
Actin-binding proteins

Abstract The many different proteins which modify actin polymerization and actin filament structure can be divided into three functional groups. These actin-binding proteins are thought to regulate actin assembly and the formation of the spectacular variety of actin structures found in non-muscle cells.
Synthesis of some 6-methoxyimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines

The synthesis of 6-methoxyimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and its 2-methyl analog is reported. Carboxylic acids, esters and quaternary salts derived from this ring system are described and the heterocyclic system is shown to undergo the Mannich reaction. A condensation reaction of the 2-methyl group is reported and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra and acidity constants of some imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines are recorded.