cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seclusion and restraint: Lessons from law, psychiatry, and psychology

Until recently, rather little attention had been paid to the legal aspects of seclusion and restraint. Fortunately, however, the situation has now changed. For example, three commentators (Dix, in press; Appelbaum, in press; Soloff, in press) have recently addressed the area. Moreover, in June, 1982, subsequent to the preparation of those papers, the United States Supreme Court decided Youngberg v. Romeo, a landmark case involving the right to freedom from bodily restraint of an involuntarily institutionalized mentally disabled person. The present article seeks to analyze Youngberg v. Romeo, to synthesize and discuss the recent writings in light of Romeo, and to draw workable guidelines from those materials. Romeo, a profoundly retarded man, was committed in Pennsylvania to the Pennhurst State School and Hospital. While at Pennhurst, Romeo was injured on numerous occasions, due sometimes to his own violence and due at other times to the reactions of the residents to him. Furthermore, Romeo was often physically restrained while at Pennhurst. Claiming that his constitutional rights had been violated, Romeo sued the institutional administrators for damages. Romeo claimed he had a constitutional right to safety, to freedom of movement, and to training. The Supreme Court ruled that committed patients are entitled constitutionally to personal security and to freedom from bodily restraint, although, as will be demonstrated, the court qualified those rights considerably. The court construed even more narrowly Romeo’s right to training or “habilitation.” Since Romeo was so profoundly retarded that no amount of training would enable him to leave the institution, the case did not raise the question whether a patient has a right to treatment to facilitate his release. Similarly, the case did not present the question whether a patient possesses a general right to habilitation per se. Instead, the case presented only the question whether a patient is entitled to training in order to avoid unconstitutional infringement of his rights to bodily safety and freedom from physical restraint. In that narrow context, the court upheld a right to training. If, for example, training in self-care might reduce a patient’s frustration and therefore seemingly reduce his aggressiveness (and cor-
Genetic basis for male aggression and survivorship in wild house mice (Mus domesticus)

Work on the genetic region of the house mice known as the t-complex has produced the hypothesis that mice heterozygous for t-haplotypes (+/t) may have a selective advantage over wild-type (+/+) males owing to the greater aggressiveness of +/t males. We tested this hypothesis by examining the behavior of +/+ and +/t mice placed in four large outdoor enclosures. We found that +/t males were dominant over +/+ males. Furthermore, in the outdoor enclosures +/t males had higher survivorship than +/+ males, both as adults and juveniles. However, males of the two genotypes did not differ in home range size. We suggest that t-haplotypes may be, in part, maintained in mouse populations because of a selective advantage in heterozygous males. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Isolation of messenger RNA from polysomes by chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose.

Abstract A method for the isolation of messenger RNA (mRNA) from polysomes is described. Polysomes are dissolved in a solution containing 0.5 m NaCl and Na dodecyl sulphate and applied to an oligo(dT)-cellulose column. RNA species containing poly(A) sequences are retained by the column, whereas ribosomal proteins and other RNA species are washed off. The column is then eluted with a buffer not containing NaCl. mRNA from HeLa cells and from duck reticulocytes has been fractionated in this way. When fractionated on sucrose gradients, 10 s globin mRNA is obtained in addition to a 20 s component, which can be translated in a cell free system into duck globin. This 20 s RNA is an aggregate of mRNA, which can be disaggregated. Experiments with HeLa cells have shown that the only mRNA species which is not retained by oligo(dT)-cellulose is histone mRNA; this mRNA does not contain a poly(A) sequence.
Versatile design of biohybrid light-harvesting architectures to tune location, density, and spectral coverage of attached synthetic chromophores for enhanced energy capture

Biohybrid antennas built upon chromophore–polypeptide conjugates show promise for the design of efficient light-capturing modules for specific purposes. Three new designs, each of which employs analogs of the β-polypeptide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, have been investigated. In the first design, amino acids at seven different positions on the polypeptide were individually substituted with cysteine, to which a synthetic chromophore (bacteriochlorin or Oregon Green) was covalently attached. The polypeptide positions are at –2, –6, –10, –14, –17, –21, and –34 relative to the 0-position of the histidine that coordinates bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a). All chromophore–polypeptides readily formed LH1-type complexes upon combination with the α-polypeptide and BChl a. Efficient energy transfer occurs from the attached chromophore to the circular array of 875 nm absorbing BChl a molecules (denoted B875). In the second design, use of two attachment sites (positions –10 and –21) on the polypeptide affords (1) double the density of chromophores per polypeptide and (2) a highly efficient energy-transfer relay from the chromophore at –21 to that at –10 and on to B875. In the third design, three spectrally distinct bacteriochlorin–polypeptides were prepared (each attached to cysteine at the –14 position) and combined in an ~1:1:1 mixture to form a heterogeneous mixture of LH1-type complexes with increased solar coverage and nearly quantitative energy transfer from each bacteriochlorin to B875. Collectively, the results illustrate the great latitude of the biohybrid approach for the design of diverse light-harvesting systems.
Overview of concert multilisp: a multiprocessor symbolic computing system

Multilisp is a parallel programming language derived from the Scheme dialect of Lisp by addition of the future construct. Multilisp has been implemented on Concert, a shared-memory muitiprocessor that uses a novel RingBus interconnection. Concert currently has 28 MC68000 processors, with a design goal of 32 processors. Several application programs have been developed and measured using Concert Multilisp. Experience with these programs has contributed to tuning the Multilisp language design and will ultimately contribute to the design of a parallel architecture streamlined for high performance on Multilisp programs.
Giant-cell reactions in the connective tissue septa of ameloblastomas

Abstract Three cases of ameloblastoma in which three biologically different types of giant cell were present in the connective tissue stroma are described: (1) foreignbody giant cells reactive to aberrant keratinization of neoplastic cells forming so-called “ghost cells”; (2) giant cells as an integral component of a reparative-granulomatous transformation of the connective tissue septa; and (3) osteoclasts resorbing bone spicules newly formed in the connective tissue stroma.
Atomic force microscopy studies of atomic structures on AgBr(111) surfaces

The atomic force microscopy (AFM) has proved to be a powerful method for investigating AgBr surfaces. We have studied the atomic structures on AgBr(111) surfaces of evaporation layers. Six different lattice constants were found for different crystallographic directions. First investigations comparing the measured data with current models for AgBr(111) surfaces indicate that the surface is realized by an arrangement showing distorted hexagonal symmetry of ions on a full (111) plane. Superstructures which have been revealed can be assumed to be induced by the distortion.
Fabrication of high-frequency single-element ultrasonic transducers using lithium niobate

The design and fabrication of high frequency single element ultrasonic transducers present a multitude of challenges for the transducer engineer, from size constraints to electrical impedance matching. This paper discusses the trade-offs involved in a procedure used to fabricate transducers with center frequencies in the 25 MHz - 100 MHz range using 36 degree rotated Y-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) as the active element. Transducers of varying dimensions were built according to an f-number range of 2 - 3.5. A (lambda) /4 silver epoxy matching layer with an acoustic impedance of 7.3 Mrayls was used. Desired focal depths were achieved with use of an acoustic lens. Silver epoxy backing with an acoustic impedance of approximately 5.9 Mrayls was also used in all designs. All transducers were designed around a 50(Omega) send and receive circuit. Electrical tuning of the transducer to the receive circuitry was achieved by using an RF transformer. All transducers were tested in a pulse-echo arrangement using a Panametrics 5900PR pulser, a Wavetek function generator and a LeCroy digital oscilloscope. The bandwidth, insertion loss, and depth of focus were measured. Several transducers were fabricated with -6dB bandwidths ranging from 62% to 74%, and two-way insertion loss values ranging from -14dB to -22dB.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A note on the method of scoring and the linearized maximum likelihood

The method of scoring introduced by R. A. Fisher and C. R. Rao is useful to find solutions from complicated maximum likelihood equations. The purpose of this note is to indicate the implications of this technique in econometrics. For example the IML estimates of Rothenberg and Leenders (1) are only special values of Rao’s estimates.
EXPERIENCE AS A COMPONENT OF PERSONALITY THEORY

Summary.-Experience, an internal state or process, has salience, as does behavior, as a basic data category of personality. Two key experiential phenomena, which exemplify experience as a data category, were identified and operationally defined by a model. Peak experience and peak performance were taken to be prototypes of feeling and performance. Possible relations between these phenomena and ramifications for selected behavioral and personality variables were suggested.
Blood capillary circulation under normal conditions and in traumatic shock

AN important feature of the peripheral circulation is the close correspondence between the local needs of a given tissue and the amount of blood supplying it. Controlling mechanisms, to accomplish this, must involve more than the vasoconstrictor and dilator reactions of the terminal arterioles. Krogh attempted to ascribe the relative autonomy of the capillary circulation to the widespread occurrence of contractile, pericapillary elements, the Rouget cells. This has been considerably debated, and has never been adequately demonstrated. Moreover, there is still the question concerning the manner in which an adequate venous return can be maintained in spite of the supposed interposition, between arterioles and venules, of a network of extremely pervious capillaries1. The techniques hitherto used for observing the capillary vessels have been either too fragmentary or have lacked the required delicacy of experimental approach for ascertaining their highly reactive and finely balanced behaviour.
Optimal design of cylindrical shells for enhanced buckling stability: application to supercavitating underwater vehicles

The static and dynamic stability of supercavitating vehicles is investigated. The vehicles are modeled as thick shells, using nine-node isoparametric shell elements. The model allows the prediction of the behavior of shells of non-uniform thickness, and it is formulated to account for the presence of circumferential stiffeners. The considered buckling loads include compressive forces corresponding to propulsion and drag at the nose of the vehicle, and a concentrated axial force corresponding to the drag experienced by the vehicle on its afterbody. The latter is modeled as a time-dependent force, varying harmonically in time.The stability performance of plain shells is compared to those of tapered and stiffened shells. The tapered and stiffened configurations are then optimized to enhance the overall stability characteristics of the vehicle, while minimizing the required added weight. The considered stability study highlights operating limits for the considered class of vehicles and suggests simple design solutions for their extension.
Proposed model for information processing, including initiation of memory storage.

Abstract A model for information processing is suggested, based on theoretical considerations and experimental evidence collected through observations on (1) the nature of changes in the cortical evoked potential induced by exogenous and endogenous stimuli (including psychogenic factors), and (2) storage of memory traces. Peripheral receptor units transform incoming sensory stimuli to a variety of pulse-repetition patterns and transmit them, in a condensed form, to cerebral centers (usually to the pyramidal cells of the IVth layer of a specific cerebral area). Stimuli of endogenous origin are similarly transmitted to higher centers. Through several simultaneously ongoing oscillatory processes of cross-matching with stored memory traces, pattern recognition is attempted. Pattern recognition elicits an ouput of simplified pulse-repetition pattern from the pyramidal cells (generated through an interplay of soma, dendrites and the axon), carrying the instruction for execution of a decision. Lack of pattern recognition (e.g. first exposure), if it coincides with increased activity in the reticular activating system, results in engram formation. Information processing and storage of memory traces are carried out through essentially similar processes involving random oscillatory probabilistic processes, cross-matching (an incoming information with stored memory traces to achieve pattern recognition), etc. Engram formation requires, however, at least one added process: synthesis of a glucoprotein in amounts sufficient to receive the new memory trace.
Reimbursement for Diabetes Self-Care Training: The North Carolina experience

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) results prove that in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the better the level of glucose control, the lower the prevalence of complications. The team approach to help these patients is revalidated. Reimbursement for these required services has improved, but varies widely from state to state. All parties involved face the problems of translating the results to a larger diabetic population and of confronting the very real issue of how the services required to care for the disease can be made affordable and available to this patient population. These problems are very similar to those presented by the publication of standards for patient education in 1980 and its revision in 1983 (1).
Semi-blind channel estimation for zero padded-OFDM systems with asynchronous interferers

In this paper, a subspace-based semi-blind channel identification scheme is developed for a zero padded-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ZP-OFDM) system with asynchronous interferers. In our model of multiuser OFDM signals, an asynchronous interferer has a guard interval within the transmitted data block when the observation window is synchronized with respect to the desired user. As a result, the interfering user's channel vector lies in a different null space relative to the desired user's subspace, allowing the desired user's channel vector to be separated and determined uniquely up to a multiplicative scalar. However, in practice, a noisy sample correlation matrix produces a number of small eigenvalues, which can cause poor performance when conventional subspace techniques are employed. This problem is overcome by using several eigenvectors corresponding to the smallest eigenvalues; the channel estimates are obtained by linear combinations of these vectors. In order to find the linear combining coefficients, known pilot symbols are required. However, the pilot-only estimation method is not feasible when the channel order and the number of active users are large. Therefore, we use the preceding method to develop a subspace-based semi-blind algorithm that guarantees estimation of every user's channel vector. Simulation results demonstrate that the semi-blind channel estimator offers more than a 2 dB gain over pilot-only channel estimation in the bit error rate (BER) performance.
Phenoxybenzamine in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Potential Role and Novel Mechanisms

There is a relatively long history of the use of the α-adrenergic antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). One form of this syndrome, CRPS I, was originally termed reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) because of an apparent dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system in the region of an extremity that had been subjected to an injury or surgical procedure. The syndrome develops in the absence of any apparent continuation of the inciting trauma. Hallmarks of the condition are allodynia (pain perceived from a nonpainful stimulus) and hyperalgesia (exaggerated pain response to a painful stimulus). In addition to severe, unremitting burning pain, the affected limb is typically warm and edematous in the early weeks after trauma but then progresses to a primarily cold, dry limb in later weeks and months. The later stages are frequently characterized by changes to skin texture and nail deformities, hypertrichosis, muscle atrophy, and bone demineralization. Earlier treatments of CRPS syndromes were primarily focused on blocking sympathetic outflow to an affected extremity. The use of an α-adrenergic antagonist such as phenoxybenzamine followed from this perspective. However, the current consensus on the etiology of CRPS favors an interpretation of the symptomatology as an evidence of decreased sympathetic activity to the injured limb and a resulting upregulation of adrenergic sensitivity. The clinical use of phenoxybenzamine for the treatment of CRPS is reviewed, and mechanisms of action that include potential immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effects are presented. Also, a recent study identified phenoxybenzamine as a potential intervention for pain mediation from its effects on gene expression in human cell lines; on this basis, it was tested and found to be capable of reducing pain behavior in a classical animal model of chronic pain.
The evolution of the ansa-bridge and its effect on the scope of metallocene chemistry

1. IntroductionSince the discovery of ferrocene [1] and the elucida-tion of its bis-pentahapto sandwich structure 50 yearsago [2], bis-cyclopentadienyl-transition metal and -lanthanide metal compounds have been central tosome of the most important developments in modernorganometallic chemistry. An odd, closed ligand in theDavies
Self-evaluative effects of dimensional and social comparison

Abstract During self-evaluation, people compare their performance in one domain to their performance in other domains (dimensional comparison). Additionally, people compare their own performance to the performance of relevant peers (social comparison). Most experimental research on self-evaluation has investigated the effects of either dimensional comparison or social comparison, despite the fact that people often evaluate themselves in the context of both standards. To address this gap, the current research examined the interplay of dimensional and social comparison during self-evaluation. Participants received manipulated feedback indicating that they performed better or worse in one domain than another domain, and better or worse than other people. Both comparison types significantly influenced self-evaluations and affective reactions; however, the effect of social comparison was significantly stronger than dimensional comparison. These findings support prior theories on the important roles of dimensional and social comparisons in self-evaluation, but also suggest that social comparison is more impactful.
Growth hormone—anabolic bone effects?

to follow doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.006 P5 Growth hormone—anabolic bone effects? Wolfgang Hogler Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children’s
An auto-tuning structure for continuous time sigma-delta AD converter and high precision filters

In this paper, a discrete auto-tuning structure is proposed for continuous time sigma-delta AD converter (ADC) and applications that require high linearity, moderate precision in RC or C/g/sub m/ time constant. Comparison with continuous gm tuning and some other passive tuning implementations is also presented. A circuit is designed in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process to examine the performance of the proposed circuit structure.
Suicidal events in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS).

OBJECTIVE: The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) database was analyzed to determine whether suicidal events (attempts and ideation) occurred early in treatment, could be predicted by severity of depression or other clinical characteristics, and were preceded by clinical deterioration or symptoms of increased irritability, akathisia, sleep disruption, or mania. METHOD: TADS was a 36-week randomized, controlled clinical trial of pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments involving 439 youths with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV criteria). Suicidal events were defined according to the Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicidal Assessment. Patients were randomly assigned into the study between spring 2000 and summer 2003. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (10.0%) had at least 1 suicidal event (no suicide occurred). Events occurred 0.4 to 31.1 weeks (mean +/- SD = 11.9 +/- 8.2) after starting TADS treatment, with no difference in event timing for patients receiving medication versus those not receiving medication. Severity of self-rated pretreatment suicidal ideation (Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire adapted for adolescents score > or = 31) and depressive symptoms (Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale score > or = 91) predicted occurrence of suicidal events during treatment (P Language: en
Social Network Discovery Based on Sensitivity Analysis

This paper presents a novel methodology for social network discovery based on the sensitivity coefficients of importance metrics, namely the Markov centrality of a node, a metric based on random walks. Analogous to node importance, which ranks the important nodes in a social network, the sensitivity analysis of this metric provides a ranking of the relationships between nodes. The sensitivity parameter of the importance of a node with respect to another measures the direct or indirect impact of a node. We show that these relationships help discover hidden links between nodes and highlight meaningful links between seemingly disparate sub-networks in a social structure. We introduce the notion of implicit links, which represent an indirect relationship between nodes not connected by edges, seen as hidden connections in complex networks. We demonstrate our methodology on two social network data sets and use sensitivity-guided visualizations to highlight our findings. Our results show that this analytic tool, when coupled with visualization, is an effective mechanism for discovering social networks.
Cellular Toxicity Induced by the Photorelease of a Caged Bioactive Molecule: Design of a Potential Dual-Action Ru(II) Complex

The series [Ru(tpy)(CH3CN)3]2+ (1), cis-[Ru(tpy)(CH3CN)2Cl]+ (2), and [Ru(tpy)(5CNU)3]2+ (3), where tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and 5CNU = 5-cyanouracil, was synthesized, and their photochemical properties were investigated for use as potential photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents. When irradiated with visible light, 1–3 exhibit efficient exchange of the axial CH3CN or 5CNU ligand with H2O solvent molecules. Complexes 1–3 also exhibit photoinitiated binding to DNA when irradiated with λirr ≥ 395 nm light, and DNA binding can be accessed for 2 with λirr > 645 nm, well within the PDT window. Since 3 binds DNA and simultaneously releases biologically active 5CNU, it has the potential to be a dual-action therapeutic agent. Indeed, 3 is cytotoxic upon irradiation with visible light, whereas 1 is not under similar experimental conditions. The lack of toxicity imparted by 1 is explained by the exchange of only one CH3CN ligand in the complex under the irradiation conditions used for the cellular studies. Strategie...
Can nonresonant multiphoton ionization be ultrasensitive

A method of surface analysis by nonresonant multiphoton ionization is described and illustrated with an example of analysis consuming ~10−15 gram of a uranium compound (~10−17 mole). The method is chemically general and quantitative for elemental analysis without specially prepared standards. In this method desorbed, sputtered, or evaporated neutral species are photoionized above the surface for subsequent time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Examples are also presented for several atoms of laser-power dependencies of atomic multiphoton ionization including double ionization. Comparisons are made between this analytical approach and resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization for mass-spectrometric surface analysis.
Forward and backward visual masking in schizophrenia: influence of age.

Background. Visual masking tasks assess the earliest stages of visual processing. This study was conducted to address: (1) whether schizophrenia patients show masking deficits after controlling for sensory input factors; (2) whether patients have relatively intact forward masking (when the mask precedes the target) compared with backward masking (when the mask follows the target); and (3) whether the masking deficits in schizophrenia reflect an accelerated age-related decline in performance.Method. A staircase method was used to ensure that the unmasked target identification was equivalent across subjects to eliminate any confounding due to differences in discrimination of simple perceptual inputs. Three computerized visual masking tasks were administered to 120 schizophrenia patients (ages 18–56) and 55 normal comparison subjects (ages 19–54) under both forward and backward masking conditions. The tasks included: (1) locating a target; (2) identifying a target with a high-energy mask; and (3) identifying a target with a low-energy mask.Results. Patients showed deficits across all three masking tasks. Interactions of group by forward versus backward masking were not significant, suggesting that deficits in forward and backward masking were comparable. All three conditions showed an age-related decline in performance and rates of decline were comparable between patients and controls. Two of the masking conditions showed increased rates of decline in backward, compared to forward, masking.Conclusions. We found age-related decline in performance that was comparable for the two groups. In addition, we failed to find evidence of a relative sparing of forward masking in schizophrenia. These results suggest that: (1) early visual processing deficits in schizophrenia are not due to a simple perceptual input problem; (2) sustained channels are involved in the masking deficit (in addition to transient channels); and (3) for the age range in this study, these deficits in schizophrenia are not age-related.
Cardiac Transplantation in Patients over 60 Years of Age

Cardiac transplant programs have routinely excluded patients over 55 years of age from consideration as transplant candidates. The Texas Heart Institute modified this policy of using age as a contraindication to transplantation. Between July, 1982, and August, 1987, a total of 200 cardiac transplants were performed, 28 (14%) of which were in patients over 60 years of age, the eldest being 66 years old at the time of transplant. Our immunosuppressive regimen consisted primarily of cyclosporine and prednisone. In 1985, azathioprine was added in an effort to decrease dosages of cyclosporine, thereby decreasing its associated nephrotoxicity. The incidences of rejection and infection were 1.2 and 1.4 episodes/patient, respectively, for those over 60 years of age versus 1.7 and 1.3 episodes/patient, respectively, for those less than 60 years of age. Of the 28 patients, 23 are alive and well. Four deaths were caused by infection, and the other by diffuse coronary arteritis. The one-year actuarial survival for patients over 60 years of age was 83%, compared with 75% for the other transplant patients. We conclude that persons over 60 years of age can undergo cardiac transplantation with results equal to or perhaps better than those of other heart transplant patients. Our experience suggests that advanced age should not be considered a major contraindication to cardiac transplantation.
An Expected-Indemnity Approach to the Measurement of Moral Hazard in Crop Insurance

A definition of moral hazard in multiple peril crop insurance is proposed that focuses on expected indemnities rather than input use. Five years of production and insurance data for a panel of Kansas wheat farms is used to empirically test for this type of moral hazard. Results suggest that moral hazard affects multiple peril crop insurance indemnities in poor production years but that no significant moral hazard occurs in years when growing conditions are favorable.
Reduced intensity conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: considerations for evidence-based GVHD prophylaxis

Development of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) has enabled older or medically infirm patients with hematologic malignancies to be treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This broader transplant eligibility has tripled the number of RIC-HCT procedures performed each year, with over 3000 in 2012. Currently about 50% of RIC-HCTs use unrelated donors, since many patients are older and do not have matched sibling donors. Naturally, this makes graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention of particular importance. The ideal GVHD prophylaxis must balance tumor control/GVL with toxicity/GVHD. In this review, we discuss challenges in developing effective GVHD prophylaxis for RIC-HCT, various GVHD prophylactic regimens that are sometimes specific to the conditioning regimen, and the evidence to support their use.
Observation of two-dimensional discrete surface solitons and surface gap solitons

We report the first observation of two-dimensional surface solitons at the first bandgap with a self-defocusing nonlinearity and at the semi-infinite gap with a self- focusing nonlinearity. Experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions.
The happy marriage of architecture and application in next-generation reconfigurable systems

New applications and standards are first conceived only for functional correctness and without concerns for the target architecture. The next challenge is to map them onto an architecture. Embedding such applications in a portable, low-energy context is the art of molding it onto an energy-efficient target architecture combined with an energy efficient execution. With a reconfigurable architecture, this task becomes a two-way process where the architecture adapts to the application and vice-versa. This leads to the idea of a marriage between architecture and application.These next generation reconfigurable systems consist of a heterogeneous collection of domain-specific processing units. Communication between processors occurs over a reconfigurable interconnect scheme. Global control is provided by one or more embedded micro-controllers, which operate at a low frequency since they don't run compute intensive functions. Because of the domain specific features, this architecture is low power, yet at the same time reconfigurable.In this paper, we will describe the RINGS (Reconfigurable interconnect for next generation systems) architecture and the associated design environment, GEZEL. We will describe how applications are mapped onto RINGS architectures and how they can be modeled and simulated in the GEZEL environment.
Task difficulty and conditioned suppression in humans

Conditioned emotional responses were produced by pairing a tone CS with 15 slides portraying surgical procedures. Presentation of the CS during color naming on a Stroop test resulted in significantly slower performance in a CER group than in a control group, but it had no effect on groups performing a word-reading Stroop task. It was concluded that some past failures to obtain conditioned suppression in humans might be due to the nature of the tasks used.
Modeling the propagation of long, intense microwave pulses in mixtures of air and SF/sub 6/

Self-consistent equations-Maxwell's equations and the electron fluid transport equations-are used to study the interaction of long, intense microwave pulses with gases. The threshold for breakdown is a factor of seven higher in SF/sub 6/ than in air. This difference is attributed to the fact that SF/sub 6/ is an insulator. When SF/sub 6/ was mixed with air, the breakdown threshold increased with the increase in the percentage of SF/sub 6/. Introducing 5-10% of SF/sub 6/ in air increased the breakdown threshold by a factor of 3-4. The electron density and conductivity and the plasma frequency increased as the pulse intensity increased. The growth rates of the electron density and conductivity were much higher in air than in SF/sub 6/. >
Dynamic Surface Interface Exchanges of Mercury: A Review and Compartmentalized Modeling Framework

Abstract This paper presents a review of recent natural surface mercury exchange research in the context of a new modeling framework. The literature indicates that the mercury biogeochemical flux is more dynamic than the current models predict, with interacting multimedia storage and processes. Although several natural mercury emissions models have been created and incorporated into air quality models (AQMs), none are coupled with air quality models on a mass balance basis, and all lack the capacity to explain processes that involve the transport of mercury across atmosphere–surface media concentration gradients. Existing natural mercury emission models treat the surface as both an infinite source and infinite sink for emissions and deposition, respectively, and estimate emissions through the following three pathways: soil, vegetation, and surface waters. The use of these three transport pathways, but with compartmentalized surface storage in a surface–vegetation–atmosphere transport (SVAT) resistance mod...
A Conspectus Of Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Cultural Analysis Of Mexican And American Employees

This study asks employees in the United States and Mexico their perceived feeling of job satisfaction with their employment across service and production industries. The results show unexpected dissimilarities and similarities in the employee responses. Hypotheses based on Hofstede’s Individualism (IDV) predicted cultural differences in the two countries would result in a higher perception of workplace satisfaction from employees in the United States than those in Mexico.
Application of spin trapping to human phagocytic cells: insight into conditions for formation and limitation of hydroxyl radical.

In recent years spin trapping techniques have been used extensively to better understand the free radical biology of phagocytic cells. These results demonstrate that spin trapping is of adequate sensitivity to detect superoxide and/or hydroxyl radical generated by these cells, and that spin trapping is capable of measuring phagosomal radicals as well. However. neither neutrophils. monocytes. nor monocyte derived macro-phages generate hydroxyl radical in the absence of exogenous iron. Furthermore. neutrophil lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase limit the magnitude (and in the case of lactoferrin the duration) of hydroxyl radical formed by neutrophils in an iron catalyzed system. Since monocytic phagocytes posxss no lactoferrin, and limited myeloperoxidase, hydroxyl radical may play an important role in the inflammatory behavior of mononuclear phagocytes.
Nash-stackelberg equilibrium solutions for linear multidivisional multilevel programming problems

This is a study of decentralized planning problems that involve both sequential and simultaneous decisions made by independent and interdependent divisions of a multi-agent decision system. Those divisions can often be arranged within a hierarchical structure according to their decision sequence. Simultaneous decisions are made by divisions within each level of the hierarchy. The joint decisions at each level are then executed sequentially throughout the hierarchy. To analyze such problems, we present a mathematical programming technique called multidivisional multilevel programming. Multidivisional multilevel programming is an extension of multilevel programming and permits the modelling of multiple decision-makers at every level. For linear multidivisional multilevel programming problems, the decision at each level will be shown to be an n-person Nash game played on a sequence of polytopes each consisting of a subset of extreme points of the polytope for the entire problem. We develop a Nash-Stackelberg solution approach for this multi-agent sequential and simultaneous decision making process. We also define the Nash-Stackelberg hybrid equilibria for such problems and show the existence of the equilibrium solution. We establish the geometric properties of a class of linear d-divisional r-level programming problems and use them to develop a search procedure to find equilibrium solutions. A computational example of a linear multidivisional two-level programming problem is also presented.
4-Nitro-N-(3-nitro-phen-yl)benzamide.

The title compound, C13H9N3O5, prepared as a solid derivative of 3-nitro­analine via reaction with 4-nitro­benzoyl chloride, crystallizes in a chiral space group. The mol­ecule is non-planar with a dihedral angle of 26.1 (1)° between the two benzene rings. Both nitro groups are twisted slightly out of the plane of their corresponding benzene rings, making dihedral angles of 10.7 (4) and 13.5 (4)°. The mol­ecules are stacked along the a axis with benzene ring centroid–centroid distances of 3.8878 (6) A. In the crystal, inter­molecular benzene C—H⋯O inter­actions involving one nitro group and the carbonyl group link the mol­ecules, forming chains along [001]. An additional set of aromatic C—H⋯O inter­actions with the second nitro group form chains along [101], connecting adjacent chains to create layers perpendicular to the b axis.
Unconventional: The Variant of Third-Party Nomination Acceptance Addresses

Through an analysis of the genre of nomination acceptance speeches, this essay argues that third-party presidential rhetoric follows unique norms that address candidates’ obstacles as political outsiders. I contend that their acceptance addresses are a variant of the acceptance genre and that their violations of traditional generic norms are warranted by the recurring situational barriers, perceived strategic constraints, and overall purposes for third-party presidential campaigns. The essay describes the function and form of both traditional nomination acceptance addresses and the third-party variant, and illustrates the variant with three case studies.
Cross-sectional relations of race and poverty status to cardiovascular risk factors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Lifespan (HANDLS) study

Examine interactive relations of race and poverty status with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a socioeconomically diverse sample of urban-dwelling African American (AA) and White adults.
A Facile and Efficient Method for Preparing Ring-Alkylated Vanadocenes (RCp)2V and Mono- and Dichlorides of Ring-Alkylated Vanadocenes (RCp)2VCl and (RCp)2VCl2

A convenient procedure for the general preparation of bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium (1), bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium (2), and bis(tert-butylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium (3) and their ...
Counts of Virus Particles by Sedimentation on Agar and Electron Micrography.

SummaryA method has been devised for counting virus particles in electron micrographs of the virus sedimented on an agar surface and removed quantitatively in a collodion pseudoreplica. With influenza virus A (PR8 strain) as test virus, the accuracy of the counts, under conditions practical for routine studies, was the same as that observed with the spray technic or by sedimentation of the agent on collodion. In common with the latter method, sedimentation on agar is applicable to materials of relatively low virus content and, since salt diffuses into the agar, to viruses harmed either by drying in the presence of salt or by salt-free water. The usefulness of this procedure is limited to the study of virus particles which can be recognized either because of characteristic morphology or of other properties that can be related quantitatively to virus behavior.
Change of Dexterity with Age.20

It is a common impression that old age is accompanied by a slowing down of the voluntary processes both muscular and mental. Industrial experience and every-day observation of older adults seem clearly to indicate this change. When decrement begins, the rapidity with which it proceeds and the amount of slowing generally to be expected by the chronological ages of 60 or 70 years, are all, at present, largely matters of personal opinion. The developmental increase, for example, in motor facility from early childhood through adolescence and into adulthood, has been studied extensively. But adults in middle age and in the period of later maturity have not been conveniently available for laboratory investigations and moreover, they seem to have been actually neglected as subject material for psychological experimentation.For the present study, a “laboratory annex” was set up in a small city and people were secured for experiment and measurement through the cooperation and solicitation of clubs, lodges, churche...
Some Bionomical Aspects of Horn Fly Populations in Central Texas

At Camp Stanley, Bexar County, Texas, Haematobia irritans (L.) ovipositing on cattle manure during October and November were responsible for the spring buildup of flies on cattle during April and May. The average 0.14 flies per pat that emerged from the subsequent overwintering pupae produced an Fl generation that averaged 1.2 flies per pat, an 8-fold increase from the overwintering flies to the Fl generation. The average monthly rate of production for the period May–October was 6.6 horn flies per pat when competition from other orthropods was allowed, compared with 66.8 per pat when competition was essentially eliminated.
Similarities in Developmental Rates of Geographically Separate European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Populations

Developmental velocities of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), colonies collected at four geographically separate locations (Delaware, Iowa, Missouri, and North Dakota) were compared. Each colony was reared under five or six constant temperature regimes. Mean developmental times and standard deviations about the means were determined. Developmental velocities were used to formulate both linear and sigmoid developmental velocity equations. Because the sigmoid and linear functions exhibited similar fits to the data, the latter were used in a European corn borer phenology model that predicts the period of second generation oviposition. The resulting predicted oviposition periods are reported for model runs using developmental velocity equations generated for the four colonies. The resulting predictions suggest that developmental rates are similar among the four geographically separate European corn borer populations. For European corn borers reared at 32°C, however, developmental times and developmental threshold temperatures during the period of larval eclosion to adult emergence appeared different among the colonies.
Vibrational and Electronic Oscillator Strengths of LiO.

Electroni c energies and wave fun ctions of ground and excited states of LiO are calculated in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The vibrational osciUator strengt hs of the X 2n and A 2};+ valence state s are cal culated for v = 0 to 1 and 1 to 2 transitions. Electronic oscillator strengths are also presented for transi tions to th e quantum number two Li Rydbergs. Reasons are presented to support the use of th e Hartree-Fock approximation.
The use of laser Doppler blood flow to assess the effect of acute administration of vitamin D on micro vascular endothelial function in people with diabetes

Objective: To assess the effect of vitamin D administration on the skin blood flow response to occlusion and heat. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty age matched subjects; 10 who had diabetes and 10 who were controls were administered 4,000 IU of vitamin D3 for 3 weeks at breakfast. The function of the endothelial cells was evaluated in 2 ways; first, the response to 4 minutes of vascular occlusion of the skin was measured with a laser Doppler flow meter. Second, the skin blood flow response to local heat at 42 degrees C for 6 minutes was examined. Results: The results of the experiments showed that the blood flow response to heat was reduced after 3 weeks administration of vitamin D in the subjects with diabetes and in the control subjects (p
Garnet growth as a proxy for progressive subduction zone dehydration

The release of volatiles from subducting lithologies is a crucial triggering process for arc magmatism, seismicity, the growth and maturation of continents, and the global geological water-CO 2 cycle. While models exist to predict slab volatile release from hydrous phases, it is challenging to reconstruct and test these fluid fluxes in nature. Here we show that the growth of garnet may be used as a proxy for devolatilization at blueschist to lower eclogite facies conditions in subduction zones. Using thermodynamic analysis including the effects of garnet fractionation and fluid removal, we show the proportional relationship between garnet and water production in two end-member crustal lithologies (pelitic sediment and hydrated mid-oceanic-ridge basalt [MORB]) in three representative subduction geotherms. Dehydrating minerals such as lawsonite, chlorite, amphibole, and epidote contribute to garnet growth, especially between ∼1.4 and 3.0 GPa where geophysical models and observations predict dehydration. The average production ratio for altered MORB compositions is 0.52 (wt% water as fluid per vol% garnet) in cooler geotherms (Honshu [Japan] and Nicaragua) and 0.27 in hotter geotherms (Cascadia [North America]), whereas for pelite the production ratios are about half (0.24 and 0.13, respectively). Garnet growth correlates with production of 3.3–5.9 wt% water in hydrated MORB and 1.8–3.1 wt% water in pelite, representing 42%–100% of the water lost between 0.5 and 6.5 GPa from a fully saturated starting material. Garnet abundance, its pressure-temperature growth span, and its growth chronology may be used to recognize, reconstruct, and test models for progressive subduction zone dehydration.
Inhibition of Nanoceria’s Catalytic Activity due to Ce3+ Site-Specific Interaction with Phosphate Ions

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) exhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase mimetic activities. Therefore, based on its catalytic activities, CNPs can potentially be used to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress. The potency of CNPs can be hindered by ion interaction due to chemical modifications. The issue is that phosphate ions are relatively ubiquitous in all biological relevance medium and body fluid. Our ventures in this study were to understand the phosphate ion interaction and fabricate CNPs that are biocompatible and simultaneously retain their catalytic properties in the presence of phosphate ions. CNPs were coated with polyethylene glycol and dextran in order to enhance biocompatibility. A series of experiments determined that maximizing the preserved catalytic responses were highly dependent on the Ce3+:Ce4+. Results have shown that the particles engineered with higher concentrations of Ce4+ on the surface are more robust and retain catalytic activity post buffer exposure.