cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ensuring Breathing Comfort at the End of Life: The Integral Role of the Critical Care Nurse

This article describes the author's program of clinical research focused on assessment and treatment of respiratory distress among critically ill patients at the end of life. Dyspnea is a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that occurs in the presence of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular diseases. Dyspnea is one of the most common and most distressing symptoms experienced by critically ill patients. Many critically ill patients, particularly those not expected to survive, become cognitively impaired or unconscious and lose the ability to report symptoms, although dyspnea can be known only from a patient's report. When self-reporting ability is lost, the critical care nurse must rely on signs indicative of a patient's respiratory distress. The critically ill patient unable to self-report is vulnerable to under-recognition of symptom distress and subsequent over-treatment or undertreatment. When the patient is dying, there is only 1 chance to optimize the assessment and treatment of symptoms.
A lagrange multiplier approach to constraining electromagnetic surface integral equations

Enforcement of current continuity at material junctions in surface integral equation (SIE) formulations for composite objects has generally relied on somewhat intrusive constraint procedures that complicate system assembly and preconditioning, especially in the context of low rank solvers. The method proposed alleviates these problems by enforcing constraints in a manner equivalent to earlier approaches, but with a less invasive implementation. In addition to solving these challenges, the method is sufficiently general to handle other types of constraints, e.g., unknowns in symmetry planes.
Environmental Gerontology: Progress in the Post-Lawton Era

Publisher Summary Like other disciplines within behavioral science, environmental gerontologists continue to grapple with the extrapolation of data to the realm of practice―affecting more efficient linkage between the meaning of statistical effect sizes and interventions designed to improve the quality of life. The action research paradigm is a very promising direction for spawning innovative research-to-practice links in the future. To aid transition to a more action oriented research approach, current research findings amenable to design application should be produced in a form easily understood by practitioners. This chapter proposes the adoption of guidelines for the dissemination of information to medical practitioners. Successful application includes informing potential practitioners of innovative knowledge and assuring their decisional control regarding its programmatic use, evaluation, and possible continued adoption or discontinuance. Action research would benefit environmental gerontology with studies that focus on place, rather than the traditional emphasis placed on the individual as the unit of analysis.
A Comparison of the Fracture Behavior of Thick Laminated Composites Utilizing Compact Tension, Three-Point Bend, and Center-Cracked Tension Specimens

An experimental study of the effects of specimen configuration and laminate thickness on the fracture behavior of notched laminated composites is presented. The behavior of (0/+, 45/90)ns, (0/90)ns and (0/+, - 45)ns graphite/epoxy T300/5208 laminates was studied. When fracture toughness was computed at the failing load of the center-cracked tension specimen, laminate thickness significantly influenced fracture toughness. If fracture toughness was computed at the interception of the 5 percent secant line with the load-COD record, fracture toughness was found to be independent of both laminate thickness and specimen configuration. Defined in this manner, fracture toughness can be physically interpreted as an indicator of the onset of significant notch-tip damage.
On sliced inverse regression with missing values

To deal with predictors missing at random in sufficient dimension reduction, IPW-SIR (Li and Lu (2008), ‘Sufficient dimension reduction with missing predictors’, Journal of American Statistical Ass...
Cryptic diversity in Andrognathus corticarius Cope, 1869 and description of a new Andrognathus species from New Mexico (Diplopoda, Platydesmida, Andrognathidae)

Andrognathus is a genus of small, thin-bodied millipedes found in deciduous forests of North America. Poorly understood, these organisms inhabit decaying wood and have morphologically conserved and difficult-to-identify sexual characters that have limited study historically. Recent use of scanning electron microscopy has uncovered variation in male genitalia that was previously unknown in the genus. The distribution of Andrognathus and the extent of this variability across the continent, however, were undocumented, and a wealth of natural history collections remained uncatalogued. Here a new species of Andrognathus is described from New Mexico, Andrognathusgrubbsisp. n., natural history collections are utilized to create a comprehensive map of the genus, and a neotype established for the type species, Andrognathuscorticarius Cope, 1869. Analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) for A.corticarius was completed for the type series and individuals across the species distribution, but little variation was found. Andrognathusgrubbsisp. n. joins A.corticarius and A.hoffmani Shear & Marek, 2009 as the only members of the genus.
A 2.5 ppm/°C 1.05 MHz Relaxation Oscillator with Dynamic Frequency-Error Compensation and 8 µs Start-up Time

This work presents a 1.05 MHz on-chip RC relaxation oscillator (ROSC) design with a temperature coefficient (TC) of 2.5 ppm/°C and an absolute variation of 100 ppm over the body-compatible range of 0 to 40°C (the TC increases to 4.3 ppm/°C over the range from −15 to 55°C). The high temperature stability is achieved using a PTAT current reference and a TC-tunable resistor bank for first-order frequency error compensation along with a digital frequency compensation (DFC) block using a single-bit temperature sensor for second-order compensation. A measured RMS period jitter of 160 ps is achieved with a high-speed comparator. The active power consumption of the ROSC is 69 µW with a 1 V supply, and the leakage power consumption is 110 nW while power-gated. The ROSC achieves a fast startup time of 8 µs by employing a voltage buffer to quickly stabilize the voltage reference.
Premorbid migraine history as a risk factor for vestibular and oculomotor baseline concussion assessment in pediatric athletes

OBJECTIVEMigraine history has recently been identified as a risk factor for concussion and recovery. The authors performed a cross-sectional study examining baseline outcome measures on newly developed and implemented concussion assessment tools in pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of premorbid, diagnosed migraine headaches as a risk factor on vestibular and oculomotor baseline assessment in pediatric athletes.METHODSPediatric athletes between the ages of 8 and 14 years with a diagnosed history of migraine headache (n = 28) and matched controls without a history of diagnosed migraine headache (n = 28) were administered a baseline concussion assessment battery, consisting of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), near point of convergence (NPC), and the King-Devick (K-D) tests. Between-groups comparisons were performed for vestibular symptoms and provocation scores on the VOMS (smooth pursuit, saccades, convergence, vestibular/ocular reflex, visual motion sensitivity), NPC (average distance), and K-D (time).RESULTSIndividuals diagnosed with migraine headaches reported greater VOMS smooth pursuit scores (p = 0.02), convergence scores (p = 0.04), vestibular ocular reflex scores (p value range 0.002-0.04), and visual motion sensitivity scores (p = 0.009). Differences were also observed on K-D oculomotor performance with worse times in those diagnosed with migraine headache (p = 0.02). No differences were reported on NPC distance (p = 0.06) or headache symptom reporting (p = 0.07) prior to the VOMS assessment.CONCLUSIONSPediatric athletes diagnosed with migraine headaches reported higher baseline symptom provocation scores on the VOMS. Athletes with migraine headaches also performed worse on the K-D test, further illustrating the influence of premorbid migraine headaches as a risk factor for elevated concussion assessment outcomes at baseline. Special consideration may be warranted for post-concussion assessment in athletes with migraine headaches.
Improvement in sleep quality after total shoulder arthroplasty.

Poor sleep quality due to nocturnal pain is increasingly reported as a major symptom in advanced glenohumeral arthritis. The current study aimed to evaluate preoperative and postoperative sleep qua...
Phenotype-guided subpopulation identification from single-cell sequencing data

Abstract Single-cell sequencing yields novel discoveries by distinguishing cell types, states and lineages within the context of heterogeneous tissues. However, interpreting complex single-cell data from highly heterogeneous cell populations remains challenging. Currently, most existing single-cell data analyses focus on cell type clusters defined by unsupervised clustering methods, which cannot directly link cell clusters with specific biological and clinical phenotypes. Here we present Scissor, a novel approach that utilizes disease phenotypes to identify cell subpopulations from single-cell data that most highly correlate with a given phenotype. This “phenotype-to-cell within a single step” strategy enables the utilization of a large amount of clinical information that has been collected for bulk assays to identify the most highly phenotype-associated cell subpopulations. When applied to a lung cancer single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) dataset, Scissor identified a subset of cells exhibiting high hypoxia activities, which predicted worse survival outcomes in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, in a melanoma scRNA-seq dataset, Scissor discerned a T cell subpopulation with low PDCD1/CTLA4 and high TCF7 expressions, which is associated with a favorable immunotherapy response. Thus, Scissor provides a novel framework to identify the biologically and clinically relevant cell subpopulations from single-cell assays by leveraging the wealth of phenotypes and bulk-omics datasets.
Quadratic Decomposable Submodular Function Minimization: Theory and Practice (Computation and Analysis of PageRank over Hypergraphs)

We introduce a new convex optimization problem, termed quadratic decomposable submodular function minimization (QDSFM), which allows to model a number of learning tasks on graphs and hypergraphs. The problem exhibits close ties to decomposable submodular function minimization (DSFM), yet is much more challenging to solve. We approach the problem via a new dual strategy and formulate an objective that can be optimized through a number of double-loop algorithms. The outer-loop uses either random coordinate descent (RCD) or alternative projection (AP) methods, for both of which we prove linear convergence rates. The inner-loop computes projections onto cones generated by base polytopes of the submodular functions, via the modified min-norm-point or Frank-Wolfe algorithm. We also describe two new applications of QDSFM: hypergraph-adapted PageRank and semi-supervised learning. The proposed hypergraph-based PageRank algorithm can be used for local hypergraph partitioning, and comes with provable performance guarantees. For hypergraph-adapted semi-supervised learning, we provide numerical experiments demonstrating the efficiency of our QDSFM solvers and their significant improvements on prediction accuracy when compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Exercise Identity, Self-Regulatory Efficacy, and Self-Compassion Prepared for Psychological Studies

Individuals may struggle to engage in regular physical activity because of self-regulatory failure and a lack of an exercise identity. One promising mechanism that has the potential to improve self-regulation of exercise is self-compassion. The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between self-compassion, self-regulation of exercise, and exercise identity. Participants included 1043 adults from across the USA (59.10% female; 40.30% male). Participants completed the self-compassion scale, exercise self-regulatory efficacy, and the exercise identity scale. Males reported significantly greater exercise identity (M =41.66, SD = 13.83) than females (M = 36.39, SD = 14.94). There was not a significant difference between gender for self-compassion (p = .07). Furthermore, males reported significantly greater exercise self-regulatory efficacy across all categories when compared to females. There was a statistically significant correlation between all outcome variables. Finally, a linear regression was used to determine the predictive value of exercise self-regulation and self-efficacy in predicting exercise identity in males and females. The variables accounted for 28% of the variance in exercise identity in males and 27% of the variance in females. The results contribute to the concept that how an individual relates to themselves (e.g., self-compassion) may promote domain-specific (e.g., exercise) efficacy and identity.
Decentralized PD control for multi-robot collective transport to a target location using minimal information

In this paper, we propose decentralized position controllers for a team of point-mass robots that must cooperatively transport a payload to a target location. The robots have double-integrator dynamics and are rigidly attached to the payload. The controllers only require robots' measurements of their own positions and velocities, and the only information provided to the robots is the desired position of the payload's center of mass. We consider scenarios in which the robots do not know the position of the payload's center of mass and try to selfishly stabilize their own positions to the desired location, similar to the behaviors exhibited by certain species of ants when retrieving food items in groups. We propose a proportional-derivative (PD) controller that does not rely on inter-robot communication, prior information about the load dynamics and geometry, or knowledge of the number of robots and their distribution around the payload. Using a Lyapunov argument, we prove that under this control strategy, the payload's center of mass converges to a neighborhood of the desired position. Moreover, we prove that the payload's rotation is bounded, and its angular velocity converges to zero. We show that the error between the steady-state position of the payload's center of mass and its desired position depends on the robots' distribution around the payload's center of mass, with a uniform distribution resulting in the lowest steady-state error. We validate our theoretical results with simulations in MATLAB.
Managing Adult Children

When grandparents are providing intensive care, sometimes for many hours per day and many days per week, it stands to reason that grandparents and parents may have conflicting ideas about parenting. When we asked, some grandparents said they face very little conflict either because all generations have the same parenting style, the grandparents are doing as their adult children instruct, or, as custodial grandparents they are in fact the only parents. In these cases, one parenting style prevails and conflict is minimal. Others have clashing parenting styles that generate a great deal of conflict and, at times, lead to substantial arguments. Most worrisome, as parents and grandparents manage conflicting parenting styles, grandchildren are sometimes caught in the middle. Moreover, their other adult children may have opinions about parenting styles, how much care grandparents should provide, and whether they are getting their fair share. Indeed, some families face sibling rivalry among the adult children. Sometimes sibling rivalry is caused by disapproval, the feeling that one adult child is not sufficiently parenting their own children and taking advantage of grandparental supports. Other times, it is caused by jealousy, the feeling that one adult child is receiving too much assistance while another is not receiving enough help from grandparents. Managing adult children, with regard to parenting styles and sibling rivalry, is an extra set of responsibilities that many grandparents must wrestle with when they care for grandchildren with disabilities.
La collaboration interprofessionnelle lors de la prise en charge d’un polytraumatisé dans un service d'urgence : résultats d’une étude qualitative exploratoire en contexte canadien

Resume Introduction La prise en charge du polytraumatise au service d’urgence est cruciale afin d’optimiser les soins et d’eviter un deces premature. Plusieurs etudes ont souligne d’importantes lacunes dans la collaboration entre les professionnels de l’equipe de traumatologie, ce qui affecte negativement la qualite des soins prodigues. Objectifs de l’etude Cette etude qualitative descriptive de type exploratoire a pour but d’examiner l’experience de la collaboration interprofessionnelle (CIP) lors de la prise en charge d’un polytraumatise dans un service d’urgence au Canada. Elle vise a connaitre l’avis des professionnels de la sante sur la CIP ainsi que les facteurs favorisant et compromettant celle-ci. Methode Sept professionnels de la sante ont participe a l’etude par le biais d’entrevues individuelles, de deux observations directes et d’un groupe de discussion focalise. Principaux resultats Les resultats permettent de mieux comprendre la realite qu’ils affrontent durant la prise en charge d’un polytraumatise.
A Teenage Boy with Back Pain due to a Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Back pain can be caused by a number of non-musculoskeletal causes including pneumothorax. When pain is accompanied with other symptoms such as dyspnea, other causes should be considered. Spontaneous pneumothorax presents most commonly in tall, thin adolescent males and is characterized by pain and dyspnea. In addition to history and physical examination, diagnosis is made with plain radiographs which demonstrate the absence of lung markings at the periphery of the thorax. Management is determined by the specific clinical picture, but treatments can span from close observation in a controlled setting to invasive surgery.
Embracing African Genetic Diversity

Williams, Sirugo, and Tishkoff discuss the recent article by Choudhury et al. 1 reporting the whole-genome sequencing of 426 sub-Saharan African individuals and its contribution to the study of genetic diversity to understand human evolutionary history and health.
Surgical Anatomy - Hysterectomy for Transgender Men

Not all transgender men undergo genital surgery as part of the gender affirmation process. For some, surgery can be medically necessary to treat their gender dysphoria; for others, hysterectomy may be indicated for treatment of pain, abnormal uterine bleeding and uterine fibroids. While the technical steps of performing a hysterectomy may be the same for the cisgender woman, there are unique perioperative considerations that should be taken for the transgender man undergoing hysterectomy. Prior to surgery, surgeons should take the time to discuss mode of surgery, patients’ desire for concurrent procedures, and their fertility-preserving options. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure that the patient is adequately counseled and ready for surgery.
A Coordinated Hazardous Source Search algorithm Based on Gaussian Process Regression

Finding the source of a hidden hazardous substance in an unknown environment is of great importance both in military and civil use. This paper presents a coordinated search algorithm that enables robots to perceive the environment and plan the route autonomously. Gaussian Process Regression is applied to estimate the intensity distribution of the hazardous source within the search area. A bi-level nested optimization algorithm, in which the first level optimizes a temporary target and the second level finds the optimal path for each robot to the temporary target, is implemented to search for the hazardous source location via a multi-robot system. A contrast simulation between multi-robot search and single-robot search is carried out for an indoor heat source search scenario, proving the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ion-Containing Polymers Using Generic Coarse-Grained Models

Molecular dynamics simulations with generic bead–spring models have been instrumental in revealing the molecular-scale behavior that underlies structure–property relationships of various types of p...
Gradual Security Types and Gradual Guarantees

Information flow type systems enforce the security property of noninterference by detecting unauthorized data flows at compile-time. However, they require precise type annotations, making them difficult to use in practice as much of the legacy infrastructure is written in untyped or dynamically-typed languages. Gradual typing seamlessly integrates static and dynamic typing, providing the best of both approaches, and has been applied to information flow control, where information flow monitors are derived from gradual security types. Prior work on gradual information flow typing uncovered tensions between noninterference and the dynamic gradual guarantee— the property that less precise security type annotations in a program should not cause more runtime errors.This paper re-examines the connection between gradual information flow types and information flow monitors to identify the root cause of the tension between the gradual guarantees and noninterference. We develop runtime semantics for a simple imperative language with gradual information flow types that provides both noninterference and gradual guarantees. We leverage a proof technique developed for FlowML and reduce noninterference proofs to preservation proofs.
Infection, Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Liver Diseases

Several liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are considered autoimmune diseases. While the etiology of these diseases remains to be defined, each is characterized by an abnormal immune response, involving antibody response and T cell response targeted at self antigens. Considering the relative rarity of autoimmune liver diseases, they are likely to be the consequence of multiple events, each of them resulting from the interaction of certain environmental factors and the genetic background of the host. Viral and bacterial infections are some of the environmental factors that have been implicated in this complex process. Identification of the infectious etiology for autoimmune liver diseases will point to new preventive or therapeutic interventions. For the acute infection with the potential of initiating autoimmunity, antiviral or antibiotic treatments may prevent the induction of autoimmune diseases.
Away in Night

He lay listening in the darkness. He knew what woke him, but he didn't let him self think about it. Then he heard the noise again?out back, as if they were trying to get in the barn. Then the noise seemed to slowly swing around the house, and they weren't out by the barn but down where the road bends and heads up toward the house, and in the darkness he could see them smoothly loping up the road, their mouths open, their long red tongues lolling out, their eyes set and narrow, staring through the darkness at him. It was a dream, that was all. He turned on his side and was nearly asleep again when he heard them out front, their voices half-choked, speaking low among themselves. They wouldn't howl, not yet, with their heads tilted back, eyes nearly closed, their lips strangely puckered as if kissing the moon. The howling would come later ... And just then their voices broke, gave way to rapid, eager whining, and he realized they were coming nearer. They had come around the bend and now by their petulant dog-like whining he could tell they were down where his old, unused turn-off joined the road. He lay still, listening, not admitting it but knowing he was waiting and hoping for them to pass his turn-off and go on down the road. But they didn't. He knew they wouldn't. Now their voices were louder?not because they were howling but because they were nearer, and he knew they were by now inside his gate, and he saw them sniffing the trunks of the two maple trees . . . Then they started howling. His heart swelled in him like a bubble and his mouth opened and he moaned in the darkness and it joined their cold full howling which rose blue and black in the darkness, rising with such volume it sent steel through the sky and suddenly everything?the wide flat fields, the sky, even the darkness of night itself?shone a cold and radiant blue.
EVIDENCE—THE MOTION IN LIMINE AND THE MARKETPLACE OF IDEAS: ADVOCATING FOR THE AVAILABILITY OF THE NECESSITY DEFENSE FOR SOME OF THE BAY STATE'S CIVILLY DISOBEDIENT

Eighty-three year old Frances Crowe stood in the road outside Westover Air Force Base dressed in traditional Iraqi attire.! In her hands she held a sign.2 "PLEASE DO NOT BOMB ME," it said.3 Crowe's aim, on this January 2003 morning, was to persuade the military personnel arriving at the base not to participate in the impending invasion of Iraq.4 Like the other eight activists soon to be arrested,S Crowe was acutely aware of the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Iraq6 and regarded the fast-approaching "preemptive war"7
What is global theater? or, What does new media studies have to do with performance studies?

This piece summarizes some key historical points of connection between new media studies and performance studies, beginning with Marshall McLuhan's concept of telecommunications networks as constitutive of a global theater. In combination with Kurt Lancaster's and Francesca Coppa's theories of fan works as performances, the global theater model can yield new insights into the nature and purpose of Internet fan fiction and fan fiction archives.
Data-driven decision support and its applications in the process industries

Abstract Decision support systems represent specific form of control systems that help decision-makers to identify and solve problems, complete decision process tasks and make non-trivial decisions. In context of the process industries the decision support system (DSS) can help plant operators and engineers to deal with complex tasks like process monitoring, fault detection and diagnosis, data analysis or process optimization. The paper describes specific concept of a datadriven decision support system that leverages the principle of lazy learning, which builds predictive models locally in the nearest neighborhood around given point of interest. The methodology of memory-based regression, classification, novelty detection and optimization is described along with possible applications in the process industries.
PedBLIMP: Extending Linear Predictors to Impute Genotypes in Pedigrees

Recently, Wen and Stephens (Wen and Stephens [2010] Ann Appl Stat 4(3):1158-1182) proposed a linear predictor, called BLIMP, that uses conditional multivariate normal moments to impute genotypes with accuracy similar to current state-of-the-art methods. One novelty is that it regularized the estimated covariance matrix based on a model from population genetics. We extended multivariate moments to impute genotypes in pedigrees. Our proposed method, PedBLIMP, utilizes both the linkage-disequilibrium (LD) information estimated from external panel data and the pedigree structure or identity-by-descent (IBD) information. The proposed method was evaluated on a pedigree design where some individuals were genotyped with dense markers and the rest with sparse markers. We found that incorporating the pedigree/IBD information can improve imputation accuracy compared to BLIMP. Because rare variants usually have low LD with other single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), incorporating pedigree/IBD information largely improved imputation accuracy for rare variants. We also compared PedBLIMP with IMPUTE2 and GIGI. Results show that when sparse markers are in a certain density range, our method can outperform both IMPUTE2 and GIGI.
Cognitive theory and the design of education to work connection

The current and future health of 21st Century economy depends on how broadly and deeply work and education are interconnected. Education to work connection should enable cognitive development of individuals and teams so that the outcome of education can be directly translated to work environment. Cognitive developmental theories attempt to explain cognitive activities that contribute to students' intellectual development, their long life learning, and solving problems. These are the attributes that one needs to acquire before entering work environments. The author will first briefly present Piaget's cognitive theory and derive a problem solving pedagogy model from it that will support learning that will translate to education to work connection. Second, an example developed by the author and his graduate students will be presented that uses the Web as an appropriate instructional delivery medium to apply Piaget's cognitive theory to create environments that promote the education to work connection.
Design of Earthquake Resistant Server Computer Structures

This paper presents the design features of an electrical equipment frame structure that can withstand a severe earthquake test profile. Original designs of these structures were optimized to survive shock and shipping vibrations only, since the majority of products experience shock and vibrations during transportation. Shock and vibration found in the shipping environment are oriented in the vertical direction only. Increased concerns for equipment survivability and safety during seismic events have driven new requirements for consideration when designing equipment's frame structure and incorporation of tests having earthquake profiles into testing regimes. This adds horizontal components of vibration into design considerations and demands design compromises that will optimize performance for both horizontal and vertical vibrations. Frame and assembly mounting design for both orientations will be discussed and test criteria specifically for vertical vibration will be described in order to compare to tests geared toward combinations of vertical and horizontal vibrations. Structures created under these new requirements are rigid in all three axes, especially in the horizontal direction where low frequency seismic vibrations can induce large displacement of the frame members and subassemblies installed in the frame. Both the subassembly components and the frame assembly must be modified to reach the optimum design for multi-directional vibration. The development the frame structure and related hardware involves extensive uniaxial and triaxial earthquake simulation testing in both raised floor and non-raised floor environments. The dynamic responses of the system under different earthquake test profiles are recorded and analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. The computer frame and anchorage system must have adequate strength and stiffness for earthquake induced forces to prevent human injury and potential system damage. However, this same frame and anchorage system must also meet the potentially conflicting requirement of ensuring continued system operation by limiting transmitted accelerations to acceptable levels at critical system components such as hard drives.
Tetracycline hepatotoxicity in the differential diagnosis of postoperative jaundice.

Hepatotoxicity due to tetracycline occurred in three children with obstructive uropathies. All three developed a similar syndrome characterized by lethargy, jaundice, and hepatic and renal failure. Two patients died; autopsy findings showed fatty infiltration of the liver and disseminated candidiasis. One patient recovered after the use of tetracycline was discontinued; liver biopsy confirmed the presence of fatty infiltration. These findings demonstrate the dangers of administering tetracycline intravenously to children with impaired renal function, and differentiate tetracycline-induced hepatic injury from that due to halothane.
Measurement and prediction of tape edge wear using accelerated wear testing

A rotating drum tester was developed to investigate accelerated tape edge wear. The results from accelerated wear measurements were found to be in good agreement with tape edge wear measurements from an actual tape drive. The wear coefficients for the magnetic layer, the back coat, and the base film of typical tapes were determined on a pin-on-disk tester and used to predict the tape edge wear coefficient of a tri-layer composite tape. Predicted tape edge wear results were found to be in good agreement with actual tape edge wear results in a tape drive.
The Deity Kur(r)a in the First Millennium Sources

Recent epigraphic evidence from Cebel Ires Dagi, Cinekoy and Tell Sēh Hamad have provided further important additional documentation in Phoenician for a deity Kur(r)a. This article investigates the growing attestations for this deity in the first millennium sources, both cuneiform and alphabetic. In light of the growing occurrences of b'l kr, it proposes a reassessment of the enigmatic phrase b'l krntrys in the Phoenician text from Karatepe. The article also presents the limited second millennium data and evaluates the possible connections with the third millennium Eblaite deity Kura.L'evidence epigraphique recente de Cebel Ires Dagi, Cinekoy et Tell Sēh Hamad a fourni encore plus de documentation importante en phenicien pour une divinite nommee Kur(r)a. Cet article etudie les attestations croissantes pour cette divinite dans les sources cuneiformes et alphabetiques du premier millenaire av. J.-C. A la lumiere des occurrences croissantes de b'l kr, cette etude propose une reevaluation de l'expression enigmatique b'l krntrys dans le texte phenicienne de Karatepe. L'article presente egalement les donnees limitees du deuxieme millenaire et evalue les liens possibles avec la divinite eblaite du troisieme millenaire Kura.
Combining Electronic and Steric Effects for Highly Stable Unsymmetric Pentacenes

This paper describes the reactivity of unsymmetrically substituted pentacenes to photochemical oxidation. Acenes in general, and pentacenes in particular, are a key family of compounds for a variety of organic electronics applications. The instability of many pentacene derivatives, particularly to oxidation, is an important restriction in their applicability. Several substitution strategies for decreasing the reactivity of pentacene exist, but these almost always involve symmetrically substituted derivatives, restricting the chemical space of structures from which to choose. In this paper, we demonstrate that combining electronic and steric effects yields highly stable unsymmetrically substituted pentacenes.
643 MODULATION OF ROTAVIRUS ENTERITIS VIA ALTERATIONS IN THE INTESTINAL BACTERIAL FLORA: A MAJOR MECHANISM OF BREAST FEEDING MEDIATED ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY

The effects of breast feeding on the outcome of rotavirus (RV) infection were studied prospectively in groups of infants fed exclusively with mother's (breast) milk, commercial (bottle) formula, or combination of both, before, during and after naturally acquired infection with RV. The antibody activity to RV in the serum and milk was determined by an ELISA assay, and sequentially collected fecal specimens were tested for the presence and quantitation of RV and bifidobacteria species by ELISA, electron microscopy, gram staining and gas-liquid chromatography. The observed frequency of RV induced diarrhea was significantly lower in breast fed compared to bottle fed infants. However, the recovery rates and quantitation of RV in feces of breast or bottle fed infants were remarkably similar. All breast fed infants exhibited pronounced degree of intestinal colonization with bifidobacteria. Such colonization was not observed in bottle fed infants. Significantly, the severity of diarrhea in patients with RV infection correlated better with lack of colonization with bifidobacteria than with magnitude of RV replication. These observations suggest that although, breast feeding is beneficial against development of diarrhea during RV infection, this effect is mediated more by alterations in the bacterial flora of the intestine than by limitation of virus replication.
Analysis of the complete sequence of the novel metastasis-associated candidate gene, mta1, differentially expressed in mammary adenocarcinoma and breast cancer cell lines.

Abstract To understand the genes and gene products involved in breast cancer invasion and metastasis, we previously isolated ten differentially expressed genes by differential cDNA library screening techniques, using the 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma metastatic system. In this study, we further analysed a novel candidate metastasis-associated gene, mtal , previously designated clone 10.14. Northern blotting analyses showed that the steady-state mRNA expression level of mtal was fourfold higher in a highly metastatic line (MTLn3) than in a nonmetastatic line (MTC.4). The mtal gene was expressed at low levels in various normal rat organs, except testis, where it was expressed in high amounts. The mRNA expression levels of the human homologue of this gene were also examined in two human breast cancer metastatic systems; the ratios of mRNA were estimated to be MCF-7 (nonmetastatic):MCF7/LCC1 (invasive):MCF7/LCC2 (metastatic)= 1:2:4 and MDA-MB-468 (nonmetastatic):MDA231 (metastatic)= 1:4. Thus, the expression of this gene directly correlated with metastatic potential in two human systems, as well as in the rat metastatic system. Clone 10.14 was used to isolate a full-length cDNA clone for mtal , yielding the clone p10.14-C4.5, which was sequenced and analysed. Clone p10.14-C4.5 was 2756-bp long and contained a single open reading frame that could encode a protein of 703 amino acid (aa) residues. The aa sequence of mtal was found to be novel by database homology search and contained possible phosphorylation sites for tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C and casein kinase II. A Pro-rich stretch was found at the C-terminal end that completely matched the consensus sequence for the SH3-binding motif. Thus, the novel gene mtal may encode an important molecule that is functional in breast cancer invasion and metastasis, and could prove to be a useful probe to assess the malignancy of breast cancers.
JavaScope: A Web-based TEM control interface.

Abstract JavaScope is a Web-based java applet that implements an “exploration/browser” tool for operating a Philips CM200 transmission electron microscope and viewing digital images remotely. The primary use of the application is as a collaborative tool for remote consultations.
A GTP:AMP phosphotransferase, Adk2p, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Role of the C terminus in protein folding/stabilization, thermal tolerance, and enzymatic activity

Adenylate kinases participate in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides. Depending on the yeast strains, the GTP:AMP phosphotransferase is encoded by the nuclear gene ADK2 with or without a single base pair deletion/insertion near the 3′ end of the open reading frame, and the corresponding protein exists as either Adk2p (short) or Adk2p (long) in the mitochondrial matrix. These two forms are identical except that the three C-terminal residues of Adk2p (short) are changed in Adk2p (long), and the latter contains an additional nine amino acids at the C terminus of the protein. The short form of Adk2p has so far been considered to be inactive (Schricker, R., Magdolen, V., Strobel, G., Bogengruber, E., Breitenbach, M., and Bandlow, W. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 31103–31110). Using purified proteins, we show that at the physiological temperature for yeast growth (30 °C), both short and long forms of Adk2p are enzymatically active. However, in contrast to the short form, Adk2p (long) is quite resistant to thermal inactivation, urea denaturation, and degradation by trypsin. Unfolding of the long form by high concentrations of urea greatly stimulated its import into isolated mitochondria. Using an integration-based gene-swapping approach, we found that regardless of the yeast strains used, the steady state levels of endogenous Adk2p (long) in mitochondria were 5–10-fold lower compared with those of Adk2p (short). Together, these results suggest that the modified C-terminal domain in Adk2p (long) is not essential for enzyme activity, but it contributes to and strengthens protein folding and/or stability and is particularly important for maintaining enzyme activity under stress conditions.
Micellar catalysis of the alkylation of mercuric ions by alkyl cobalt(III) complexes

Abstract Anionic micelles of sodium lauryl sulfate, NaLS, catalyze the monoalkylation of Hg 2+ in dilute acid by alkyl aquobis-(dimethyl glyoximato) cobalt (III), RCo(DH) 2 (H 2 O)° and the related propane derivatives RCo(DOH)DOpn (H 2 O) + , where R = Me, Et, n-C 5 H 11 . Nonionic micelles of Igepal do not catalyze the reaction. In the absence of micelles RCo(DH) 2 (H 2 O)° is considerably more reactive than RCo(DOH)DOpn(H 2 O) + , but this higher reactivity is offset in part by its higher basicity. Anionic micelles markedly increase the basicity of RCo(DOH)DOpn(H 2 O) + and slightly increase that of RCo(DH) 2 (H 2 O)°. For reactions of the unprotonated Co(III) complexes the maximum rate enhancements by micelles of NaLS are: R = Me, 19 (131); Et, 58 (65); n-C 5 H 11 , 46 (32). (The values in parentheses are for RCo(DOH)DOpn(H 2 O) + .)
ON WAVE PROPAGATION IN ONE DIMENSIONAL RUBBERLIKE MATERIALS

Abstract Two methods for studying the evolution of discontinuities in solutions of nonlinear hyperbolic equations possessing smooth initial data are extant. A third method, characterized by its simplicity, results from the observation that large classes of quasilinear equations can be obtained by differentiation of first-order nonlinear equations. The first-order equations are employed to calculate the time to singularity occurrence. This result is generalized and applied herein to nonlinear wave equations from one-dimensional rubber-like materials. The time to discontinuity evolution from smooth initial data is computed and used to ascertain the region of validity for a generalized Lagrange series solution.
Generation of sub-40 fs pulses from a mode-locked dual-gain-media Nd:glass laser

We propose and demonstrate mode locking of a novel dual-gain-media Nd:fluorophosphate and Nd:silicate glass laser. It overcomes the linewidth limitation of a single-medium Nd:glass laser. A pulse bandwidth of 41 nm has been obtained, which is nearly twice as broad as that from a single-medium Nd:glass laser. Wing-free pulses of 38 fs have been generated, which are the shortest from a Nd:glass laser oscillator.
The role of surface oxidation on the degradation behavior of biodegradable Mg-RE (Gd, Y, Sc) alloys for resorbable implants.

Abstract Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys have the potential to replace currently used implants for fixation, thereby eliminating the need for removal surgeries. To achieve a controllable degradation rate, surface oxidation has been proposed as an avenue to reduce the initial degradation. This study aims to investigate the oxidation behavior of binary Mg-rare earth alloys and the effect on biodegradation. Cast Mg–3X alloys (X = Gd, Y, Sc) were prepared and then oxidized in pure oxygen. The oxidation rate was evaluated using TGA and the oxides were further investigated and characterized using SEM, AES and XPS. The effect of oxidation on the degradation rate was investigated by immersion testing in Hanks' solution. The thermodynamics and oxidation kinetics of the alloys are discussed in regard to the obtained results, and it was concluded that the experimental results are in agreement with thermodynamic predictions.
Stochastic Oscillator Model of EEG Based on Information Content and Complexity

In this study, a stochastic Duffing - van der Pol coupled two oscillator system is designed to produce output matching the information content, complexity measure, and frequency content of actual electroencephalography (EEG) signals. This is achieved by deriving the oscillator model parameters and noise intensity using an optimization scheme whose objective is to minimize a weighed average of errors in sample entropy, Shannon entropy, and powers of the major brain frequency bands. The signals produced by the optimal model are then compared with the EEG signal using phase portrait reconstruction. The study shows that the model can effectively reproduce signals that match EEG recorded under different brain states with respect to multiple metrics.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Energy budgets for new construction

Abstract In support of a performance (energy budget) energy conservation standard, this paper explores by means of computer simulation, the variation of energy consumption in schools, with such factors as occupancy, size and location. Computed results are compared with recorded consumptions. A method of calculating and specifying energy budgets is presented. The use of energy budgets for energy conservation standards is discussed. The work described, though relating specifically to schools, has general relevance to other building types.
Description of a new Lithoxus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Guayana Highlands with a discussion of Guiana Shield biogeography

Lithoxus jantjae, new species, is described from above Tencua Falls in headwaters of the Ventuari River, a white- to clearwater river flowing west from the Maigualida and Parima mountains in the Guayana Highlands of southern Venezuela. Lithoxus jantjae represents a nearly 600 km westward range expansion for a genus historically known only from Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil. Lithoxus jantjae shares with other species of Lithoxus a dorsoventrally depressed body and a large, papilose oral disk with small toothcups and few teeth. It can be distinguished from congeners by a unique combination of characters including 12 branched caudal-fin rays, medial premaxillary tooth cusps enlarged, and a convex posterior margin of the adipose-fin membrane. With the discovery of L. jantjae, Lithoxus becomes the most recent example of a growing list of rheophilic loricariid genera with disjunct distributions on east and west sides of the Guayana Highlands. A biogeographic hypothesis relying on the existence of a proto-Berbice River uniting the southern Guayana Highlands with rivers of the central Guiana Shield is advanced to partially explain the modern distribution of these species.
Dopamine transporter mRNA in autopsy studies of chronic cocaine users

The effects of chronic cocaine abuse on transcriptional regulation of human dopamine transporter (DAT) mRNA in midbrain dopaminergic neurons was assessed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). DAT/cyclophilin mRNA ratios in the substantia nigra (SN) were unchanged in cocaine overdose (CO) victims as compared to age-matched and drug-free control (CTRL) subjects. In contrast, DAT mRNA levels were decreased significantly in agitated cocaine delirium victims (67%, p<0.05). These findings demonstrate the lack of a regulatory influence by cocaine on the steady state content of DAT mRNA in cocaine abusers. In contrast, DAT gene expression was altered significantly in cocaine abusers at risk for agitated delirium.
Provisions of Human-Robot Friendship

In this paper, we provide an overview of theories on human-robot relationship development with an emphasis on equity relationships. Specifically, we discuss the potential for robots and humans to engage in a communal cost/reward relationship structure that is characteristic of friendship. The "Provisions of Friendship" have been proposed as being necessary for satisfying human-human relationships. We provide insights into what will be required of a robot at each stage in a dynamic relationship development process for a human to treat it as a friend.