cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mek1 kinase is regulated to suppress double-strand break repair between sister chromatids during budding yeast meiosis.

Mek1 is a meiosis-specific kinase in budding yeast which promotes recombination between homologous chromosomes by suppressing double-strand break (DSB) repair between sister chromatids. Previous work has shown that in the absence of the meiosis-specific recombinase gene, DMC1, cells arrest in prophase due to unrepaired DSBs and that Mek1 kinase activity is required in this situation to prevent repair of the breaks using sister chromatids. This work demonstrates that Mek1 is activated in response to DSBs by autophosphorylation of two conserved threonines, T327 and T331, in the Mek1 activation loop. Using a version of Mek1 that can be conditionally dimerized during meiosis, Mek1 function was shown to be promoted by dimerization, perhaps as a way of enabling autophosphorylation of the activation loop in trans. A putative HOP1-dependent dimerization domain within the C terminus of Mek1 has been identified. Dimerization alone, however, is insufficient for activation, as DSBs and Mek1 recruitment to the meiosis-specific chromosomal core protein Red1 are also necessary. Phosphorylation of S320 in the activation loop inhibits sister chromatid repair specifically in dmc1-arrested cells. Ectopic dimerization of Mek1 bypasses the requirement for S320 phosphorylation, suggesting this phosphorylation is necessary for maintenance of Mek1 dimers during checkpointinduced arrest.
Current concepts of the vestibular system reviewed: 1. The role of the vestibulospinal system in postural control.

This paper reviews the research findings that support the presence of vestibulospinal reflexes in corrections for head and body instability. Studies of the importance of labyrinthine inputs to the central nervous system organization of eye, head, and body movements demonstrate that the vestibular nuclei are more than a simple relay station for labyrinthine activity. At all levels of the vestibular system beyond the primary vestibular afferents, parallel processing of labyrinthine signals occurs with input from other sensory systems. Thus, output of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) is not equivalent to the labyrinthine input. It is the VNC output that influences motor behavior. Various sensory inputs are available to the nervous system to detect and correct postural instability. Most notably, vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive signals contribute significantly to the stabilizing responses in humans. The intent of this paper is to review experimental results rather than to discuss treatment interventions. Wherever possible, conclusions are drawn as to the clinical implications of current research findings. Language: en
Delirium in cancer patients.

Delirium is the second most common psychiatric diagnosis among hospitalized elderly cancer patients. A variety of factors are known to cause delirium in cancer patients, and the most frequently observed are outlined. History, presence of an altered mental state with identification of the cognitive impairment, and a close watch of mental function will help to differentiate delirium from a normal stress reaction, an adjustment disorder to cancer diagnosis, or early dementia. As in other medically ill patients, antipsychotic drugs are the cornerstone of treatment for delirium not manageable with enviromental manipulation or causal therapy. Haloperidol is the most commonly prescribed drug for delirium in the cancer setting because of its low cardiovascular and anticholinergic effects. Cancer patients who are debilitated require a much lower starting dose than do the physically healthy.
Spontaneous rosette formation and rosette inhibition assays in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck were studied by spontaneous lymphocyte rosette and rosette inhibition (RI) assays prior to treatment. The patients were clinically staged and the results of the assays compared with the clinical stage of the disease. The percentage of T-lymphocytes as determined by the spontaneous lymphocyte rosette test was significantly lower (p less than .01) for the patient group when compared with a normal population. Patients with stage I and II disease did not differ significantly from controls. Individuals with stage III or IV disease, however, had significantly lower T-lymphocyte counts. The tumors were histologically graded as well, moderately well, or poorly differentiated SCC. Patients with poorly differentiated neoplasms had significantly lower T-cell counts. The RI assay (using horse anti-human thymocyte globulin to inhibit rosette formation) was abnormal in many of the patients but did not appear to be a more sensitive in vitro measure of cell mediated immunity in these patients. Performing both tests detected more patients with cellular immunologic incompetence than either one alone.
Multivariant Analysis of Men from Infertile Couples With and Without Antisperm Antibodies

Guhin DA, Dmochowski R, Kutteh WH. Multivariant analysis of men from infertile couples with and without antisperm antibodies. AJRI 1998; 39:157-160 0 Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM: Research studies in animal and human systems have demonstrated conclusively that antisperm antibodies can interfere with fertilization. In the male, autoantibodies to sperm can be detected both in the sera and seminal plasma. METHOD OF STUDY Ninety-seven men who were tested for antisperm antibodies as a part of an infertility evaluation were identified. Complete medical history was obtained, including information related to events suspected of being associated with antisperm antibodies. History of surgery (varicocele repair, hernia repair, and vas reversal) and infection (epididymitis, sexually transmitted disease, and orchitis) were compared with semen parameters (motility less than 60%, concentration less than 20 x lo6, and volume less than 2 cc). These were compared to antisperm antibody results of mixed agglutination reaction (MAR) and direct immunobead binding test (IBT) for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Statistical analysis was performed using Fishers exact two-tailed test. RESULTS: As expected, prior vas reversal was significantly associated with the presence of antisperm antibodies (P = 0.0002) by MAR or IBT with a fivefold increased relative risk (95% confidence interval, 1.97-12.38). Other surgeries manipulating the cord structures independent of vas reversal were not associated with antisperm antibodies (P = 0.09). Prior infections, independent of vas reversal, were significantly associated with antisperm antibodies by MAR (P = 0.04) with a 3.8-fold increased relative risk (95% confidence interval, 1 .06-13.87) but not by IBT. Sperm concentration less than 20 x lo6, motility less than 60%, and a volume less than 2 cc were not associated with antisperm antibodies by MAR or IBT. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that manipulation of the cord structures excluding the vas were not associated with antisperm antibodies; however, vas reversal and prior infection are significant risk factors for the development of antisperm antibodies.
Effects of alprazolam, caffeine, and zolpidem in humans trained to discriminate triazolam from placebo

Abstract This study compared the discriminative stimulus effects of zolpidem, a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic, to benzodiazepines. Eight participants learned to discriminate triazolam (0.35 mg/70 kg) from placebo. The discriminative stimulus effects, self-reported subjective effects, and performance effects of triazolam (0.05–0.35 mg/70 kg), alprazolam (0.25–1.75 mg/70 kg), zolpidem (2.5–35 mg/70 kg) and caffeine (75–525 mg/70 kg) were assessed under two-response and novel-response drug discrimination procedures. Under the two-response procedure, triazolam, alprazolam and zolpidem fully substitued for triazolam and caffeine did not. Under the novel-response procedure, triazolam and alprazolam substituted for triazolam and zolpidem partially substituted for triazolam. Zolpidem, but not triazolam or alprazolam, also produced some novel responding. Caffeine produced both placebo-appropriate and novel responding. The self-reported effects of triazolam, alprazolam and zolpidem were similar. Overall, zolpidem produced similar, but not identical, effects as the benzodiazepines.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (NEFF STRAIN) II. Encystment

Encysting cells of Acanthamoeba castellanii, Neff strain, have been examined with the electron microscope. The wall structure and cytoplasmic changes during encystment are described. The cyst wall is composed of two major layers: a laminar, fibrous exocyst with a variable amount of matrix material, and an endocyst of fine fibrils in a granular matrix. The two layers are normally separated by a space except where they form opercula in the center of ostioles (exits for excysting amebae). An additional amorphous layer is probably present between the wall and the protoplast in the mature cyst. Early in encystment the Golgi complex is enlarged and contains a densely staining material that appears to contribute to wall formation. Vacuoles containing cytoplasmic debris (autolysosomes) are present in encysting cells and the contents of some of the vacuoles are deposited in the developing cyst wall. Lamellate bodies develop in the mitochondria and appear in the cytoplasm. Several changes are associated with the mitochondrial intracristate granule. The nucleus releases small buds into the cytoplasm, and the nucleolus decreases to less than half its original volume. The cytoplasm increases in electron density and its volume is reduced by about 80%. The water expulsion vesicle is the only cellular compartment without dense content in the mature cyst. The volume fractions of lipid droplets, Golgi complex, mitochondria, digestive vacuoles, and autolysosomes have been determined at different stages of encystment by stereological analysis of electron micrographs. By chemical analyses, dry weight, protein, phospholipid, and glycogen are lower and neutral lipid is higher in the mature cyst than in the trophozoite.
Severe glomerular sclerosis is not associated with poor outcome after kidney transplantation.

Background: The increased utilization of expanded criteria kidney donors has necessitated the reevaluation of multiple donor risk factors to insure the best outcome from this valuable resource. Reports of decreased graft survival in recipients of kidneys from donors with ≥20% glomerular sclerosis (GS) have led many transplant centers to refuse these donor kidneys. The purpose of this study is to compare outcome in recipients of cadaveric donor kidneys with ≥20% GS versus those with <20% or no GS at our center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 18 donor and 19 recipient and outcome variables in 89 recipients of kidneys, which were biopsied at the time of transplantation, between February 1995 and November 1998. We evaluated outcome based upon the percent of GS and the degree of vasculopathy. Results: Donors with ≥20% GS were older and had more hypertension. Recipients of kidneys with ≥20% GS were older, had higher serum creatinine values at 1 and 2 years, but similar rates of delayed graft function and 2-year graft survival. Vasculopathy did not correlate to any important donor criteria except the percent GS. However, serum creatinine was significantly higher in recipients of kidneys with moderate vasculopathy versus none, up to 2 years after transplantation. There was no significant difference in graft loss based upon vasculopathy. Conclusions: Kidneys from donors with ≥20% GS provide excellent outcome similar to kidneys from donors with no GS.
Performance of a low temperature lagoon digester.

Abstract An earthen digester was constructed to treat the separated liquids from flushed dairy cattle manure. A floating cover was used to harvest the biogas produced. Satisfactory digester performance was found for both winter and summer conditions. However, biogas production was found to fluctuate seasonally with reduced biogas production being noted during the winter. Mean methane (CH4) yield was found to be 0·39 m3 CH4/kg volatile solids (VS) added. Mean biogas concentrations was 68·9% CH4 and 28·3% carbon dioxide (CO2). The loading rate during the period of study (31 October 1988–25 March 1991) was 0·12 kg VS/m3 -day.
Treatment Efficiency of Waste Stabilization Ponds

A practical method is given for evaluating the influence of the hydraulics on waste water pond performance. The analysis is based on time-concentration data collected at the outlet for tracer tests performed on prototype ponds and on a hydraulic model. Time-concentration data were collected for many pond designs to evaluate the importance of depth distortion, Reynolds Number, inlets and outlets, length-to-width ratios, and baffling. These data were then coupled with the first order reaction equation to determine the expected treatment efficiency for the different pond designs.
A ‘rising Africa’ in a resource-rich context: Change, continuity and implications for development:

As Africa witnesses a shift from Afro-pessimism to Afro-euphoria, contemporary discourses on the continent have been hinged on the notion of a ‘Rising Africa’. This article explores the often-ignored structural defects upon which the notion is hinged, particularly in resource-rich contexts. The analysis is based on a critique of current narratives of a rising Africa as being far too simplistic and subjective to serve as an enduring basis for capturing the dialectics of change in a resurgent continent. It does this by engaging a multi-level analysis that draws upon the political economy of oil, growing inequalities in resource-rich states, strategic and energy security calculations of global actors, and the complex web of global forces that define the parameters and limits of development on the continent. Given the marginal position of the continent in the global extractive regime, this article posits that a lot will depend on understanding the implications, risks and opportunities embedded in Africa’s cur...
Pressure-dependent rate constants for PAH growth: formation of indene and its conversion to naphthalene

Unraveling the mechanisms for growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) requires accurate temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients for a great variety of feasible pathways. Even the pathways for the formation of the simplest PAHs, indene and naphthalene, are fairly complex. These pathways provide important prototypes for modeling larger PAH growth. In this work we employ the ab initio RRKM theory-based master equation approach to predict the rate constants involved in the formation of indene and its conversion to naphthalene. The reactions eventually leading to indene involve C9Hx (x = 8–11) potential energy surfaces (PESs) and include C6H5 + C3H4 (allene and propyne), C6H6 + C3H3, benzyl + C2H2, C6H5 + C3H6, C6H6 + C3H5 and C6H5 + C3H5. These predictions allow us to make a number of valuable observations on the role of various mechanisms. For instance, we demonstrate that reactions which can significantly contribute to the formation of indene include phenyl + allene and H-assisted isomerization to indene of its major product, 3-phenylpropyne, benzyl + acetylene, and the reactions of the phenyl radical with propene and the allyl radical, both proceeding via the 3-phenylpropene intermediate. 3-Phenylpropene can be activated to a 1-phenylallyl radical, which in turn rapidly decomposes to indene. Next, indene can be converted to benzofulvene or naphthalene under typical combustion conditions, via its activation by H atom abstraction and methyl substitution on the five-membered ring followed by isomerization and decomposition of the resulting 1-methylindenyl radical, C10H9 → C10H8 + H. Alternatively, the same region of the C10H9 PES can be accessed through the reaction of benzyl with propargyl, C7H7 + C3H3 → C10H10 → C10H9 + H, which therefore can also contribute to the formation of benzofulvene or naphthalene. Benzofulvene easily transforms to naphthalene by H-assisted isomerization. An analysis of the effect of pressure on the reaction outcome and relative product yields is given, and modified Arrhenius fits of the rate constants are reported for the majority of the considered reactions. Ultimately, the implementation of such expressions in detailed kinetic models will help quantify the role of these reactions for PAH growth in various environments.
Is collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) necessary for bone and other connective tissue remodeling?

In physiologic remodeling of bone and other connective tissues, proteinases such as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which can cleave Type I collagen play a critical role. In bone, MMP-1 is secreted by stromal fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Only the collagenases (MMP-1 and MMP-8) cleave native undenatured collagen at neutral pH. The cleavage is site specific at a single locus in the α1(I) chain between Gly 775 /Ile 776 . The authors have altered the amino acid sequences around the collagenase cleavage site by site-directed mutagenesis of the murine Colla-I gene, introducing Pro for Gln 774 , Pro for Ala 777 , and Met for Ile 776 . The mutant Colla-I gene has been expressed in Mov13 fibroblasts, and secreted Type I collagen molecules have been found to be resistant to cleavage at Gly 775/ Ile 776 by MMP-1 or MMP-8. This subtle mutation was introduced recently into the endogenous Colla-I gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells to determine the role of collagenase in vivo. Chimaeric mice derived from blastocysts injected with these embryonic stem cells transmitted the mutant Colla-I gene to their offspring. Surprisingly, homozygous mutant mice reproduce and appear to develop normally. The mechanisms of collagen resorption in remodeling of bone and soft tissues in these mice are being examined currently. Information should be derived that will be useful in interpreting human disorders characterized by increased collagen deposition, such as osteopetrosis and dermal fibrosis.
Urological evaluation and management of renal-proximity stab wounds

AbstractThe urological evaluation and management of renal-proximity stab wounds remain controversial. Questions regarding the “best” first radiographic study and the indications for nonoperative management are still unanswered. At the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 244 patients evaluated between January 1985 and December 1990 for renal-proximity stab wounds. There were 184 patients who presented without hematuria, 46 who presented with microscopic hematuria and 14 who presented with gross hematuria. When used as the first diagnostic study, an excretory urogram was 96% accurate in establishing the presence or absence of injury. In 34 patients additional evaluation was done with computerized tomography and/or angiography. A total of 43 injuries (17.6%) was found, of which 27 were successfully managed nonoperatively and 16 were managed surgically (1 nephrectomy). One patient had significant postoperative hemorrhage after partial n...
Superconductivity in Pure La2CuO4

Detailed investigtions of the ground state properties of La2CuO4, have been made. Our data indicate traces of superconductivity in La2CuO4, with onset temperatues of 45K or higher. Results on three samples prepared from variable purity CuO (99.999%, 99.99%, 96%) indicate that superconductivity is an intrinsic property of La2CuO4 and not an artifact of impurity phase(s). Meisner signal as high as 0.3% has been observed. Indication for antiferromagnetic ordering near 210K is also apparent from both resitivity and magnetic susceptibility data.
Global Structure of Surfaces

This chapter discusses the global structure of geometric surfaces, that is, 2-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. It highlights that in any surface, the geometry of a neighborhood of a point is completely described by curvature and the geodesics radiating out from that point. This local result can be extended to show that geodesics can grip an entire surface. The first step is to show that geodesics starting at any point p of a complete surface eventually reach every point of radiate out to cover the surface and by using topological methods considerable global information can be derived from this pattern. The only geometric difference from the Euclidean plane is the stretching of the polar circles–orthogonal trajectories of the radial geodesics–and this stretching is controlled by the Gaussian curvature, via the Jacobi differential equation. The chapter describes results in two broad cases such as surfaces with constant curvature and surfaces whose curvature obeys either K ≦ 0 or K ≧ k > 0, where K is the Gaussian curvature and k a positive integer.
Boolean Searchable Symmetric Encryption with Worst-Case Sub-linear Complexity

Recent work on searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) has focused on increasing its expressiveness. A notable example is the OXT construction (Cash et al., CRYPTO ’13) which is the first SSE scheme to support conjunctive keyword queries with sub-linear search complexity. While OXT efficiently supports disjunctive and boolean queries that can be expressed in searchable normal form, it can only handle arbitrary disjunctive and boolean queries in linear time. This motivates the problem of designing expressive SSE schemes with worst-case sub-linear search; that is, schemes that remain highly efficient for any keyword query.
Multifractal Theory and Physics of the Standard Model

We show that the Standard Model (SM) represents a self-contained multifractal set on spacetime having arbitrarily small deviations from four-dimensionality ( D = 4 - ɛ, ɛ << 1). All coupling charges residing on this background (gauge, Higgs and Yukawa) satisfy a closure relationship that a) tightly constrains the flavor and mass content of the SM and b) naturally solves the “hierarchy problem”, without resorting to new concepts reaching beyond the physics of the SM.
Rotational Ankle Fractures

Complete workup for rotational ankle fractures (Fig. 51.1) includes evaluation of open vs. closed injury, neurovascular compromise, intra-articular vs. extra-articular, stability after reduction, associated injuries, and displaced vs. non-displaced.
Checking Out the Library: Partnering for Outreach to Short-Term International Students

ABSTRACTIn the academic year 2015–2016, librarians at Eastern Washington University implemented a series of outreach events for incoming cohorts of international students from Japan participating in a short-term English language program on their campus. The outcome of those outreach efforts has yielded valuable insights into the challenges associated with reaching a short-term international student population, and the particularly vital importance of a strong partnership with program faculty and staff.
Residents and Program Director Perspectives Often Differ on Optimal Preparation Strategies and the Value of the Orthopedic In-Training Examination☆

Objectives The purpose of this work was to compare resident and program director (PD) perspectives on the value of the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE), resident study habits, and best resources for optimal performance. Design A national survey of orthopedic surgery residents and PDs. Setting Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Participants The survey was completed by 445 (41.5%) eligible orthopedic surgery residents and 37 (77.1%) PDs. Results Although residents and PDs agreed on when (p = 0.896) and how much (p = 0.171) residents currently study, residents felt that the OITE was not as valuable of an assessment of their knowledge, and also felt their individual scores were less likely to remain confidential compared to PDs (p Conclusion Residents and PDs agreed on many critical components of this process; however, a number of key differences in perspectives exist.
The electric brain: do-it-yourself healthcare with transcranial direct current stimulation

ABSTRACTThe OECD’s 2016 ‘Neurotechnology and Society: Strengthening Responsible Innovation in Brain Science’ International Workshop drew together scientists, policy-makers, industries, regulators, and academics for the purpose of discussing the present state of neurotechnology and exchanging ideas on how RRI can, and should, play a role in the rapidly evolving field. A myriad of technologies and devices were discussed during the workshop, but one area of neurotechnology received considerable attention: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In this discussion piece, I describe what tDCS technology is, give a brief overview of its history, introduce a number of scientific studies that suggest the efficacy of the technology and, most importantly, set out some of the concerns I have for its use. The piece concludes by making the argument that we, members of the neuroscience community, have an ethical duty to become more involved in this community so that we may help guide these people and potentiall...
Uncertainty Quantification on the High-Temperature Kinetics of Dioxygen Dissociation and Oxygen Recombination

A stochastic system based on a Bayesian approach is applied to quantify the uncertainties in the rate constants of both the dioxygen (O2) dissociation reaction O2+O2→oxygen (O)+O+O2 and the O recom...
What’s so ‘queer’ about coming out? Silent queers and theorizing kinship agonistically in Mumbai:

What kinds of creative potential exist in silence – in not coming out? This ethnographic study takes the strategic silences that queer persons in Mumbai deploy regarding ‘coming out’ as productive ...
Benign Rolandic epilepsy presenting like paradoxical vocal fold motion

Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) is characterized by vocal fold adduction during respiration. Benign Rolandic epilepsy (BRE) is the most common childhood epilepsy and can cause oropharyngolaryngeal or facial manifestations. A 9-year-old male presented with intermittent apnea lasting 30-60 seconds and presumed PVFM. The patient's physical and fiberoptic exam were normal. He was admitted and found to have episodes of oxygen desaturation, neck twitching, and tongue burning. An EEG revealed focal epilepsy. After starting anti-epileptic medications, he had resolution of symptoms. Our patient was eventually diagnosed with BRE, a focal onset epilepsy that can mimic primary otolaryngologic disease.
Abstract 19349: Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: End- Diastolic Pulmonary Artery Forward Flow Differences Defined by Multimodality Imaging

Background: The presence of pulmonary arterial end-diastolic forward flow (EDFF) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is thought to indicate a non-compliant right ventricle. The purpose of our study was to investigate the associations of EDFF with echocardiogram (Echo) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) indices of right and left heart function. Hypothesis: EDFF is associated with reduced pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and right ventricular (RV) size. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 399 patients with repaired TOF who had Echo and CMR within 1 year of each other. EDFF was defined as the presence of forward flow on the main pulmonary artery or right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit pulsed-wave Doppler Echo trace immediately following atrial contraction in at least 3 consecutive cardiac cycles. CMR measurements included comprehensive volumetric and flow indices of the right and left heart. Variables were summarized by presence or absence of EDFF, and differences compared. Logistic regression was used to assess the univariate associations. Multivariable associations with EDFF were investigated and a forward-selection model building procedure was implemented to identify the most parsimonious model. Results: The median age at TOF repair was 0.7 years (0.1-45), patient age was 18.1 years (0.8-72) and interval between Echo and CMR was 48 days (0-364). Diagnoses consisted of TOF/pulmonary stenosis (73%), TOF/pulmonary atresia (24%), and TOF/atrioventricular canal (3%). EDFF was identified in 122 (31%) patients. Compared with those without EDFF, patients with EDFF were younger (p=0.04); had a larger PR fraction (p Conclusion: In this large cohort of repaired TOF patients, multimodality noninvasive imaging findings suggest mechanisms beyond right ventricular noncompliance may be responsible for presence of EDFF.
Self-Control and Motivation: Integration and Application

A new theory is proposed to explain why exerting self-control leads to subsequent decline in self-control performance. This model of hedonic sampling builds on previous motivational accounts of depletion. In particular, it was hypothesized that exerting self-control requires individuals to imagine alternative futures where they did not exert self-control. Comparing these alternative outcomes can lead to implicit negative affect, which can influence subsequent motivation to exert self-control. The process of resisting a temptation leaves a residual imprint on the individual's mood, and this negative affective valence is then also factored in to subsequent attempts to resist temptations. This model can help explain a diverse number of effects that heretofore have been difficult to explain or integrate into existing models of self-control depletion. Finally, some practical and theory implications of the model are discussed, especially the need to consider affect in the motivation to exert self-control.
A model‐based solution for observational errors in laboratory studies

Molecular techniques for detecting microorganisms, macroorganisms and infectious agents are susceptible to false-negative and false-positive errors. If left unaddressed, these observational errors may yield misleading inference concerning occurrence, prevalence, sensitivity, specificity and covariate relationships. Occupancy models are widely used to account for false-negative errors and more recently have even been used to address false-positive errors, too. Current modelling options assume false-positive errors only occur in truly negative samples, an assumption that yields biased inference concerning detection because a positive sample could be classified as such not because the target agent was successfully detected, but rather due to a false-positive test result. We present an extension to the occupancy modelling framework that allows false-positive errors in both negative and positive samples, thereby providing unbiased inference concerning occurrence and detection, as well as reliable conclusions about the efficacy of sampling designs, handling protocols and diagnostic tests. We apply the model to simulated data, showing that it recovers known parameters and outperforms other approaches that are commonly used when confronted with observation errors. We then apply the model to an experimental data set on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a pathogenic fungus that is implicated in the global decline or extinction of hundreds of amphibian species. The model-based approach we present is not only useful for obtaining reliable inference when data are contaminated with observational errors, but also eliminates the need for establishing arbitrary thresholds or decision rules that have hidden and unintended consequences.
Electric Power Markets in Transition: Agent-Based Modeling Tools for Transactive Energy Support

Abstract Electric power systems consist of large numbers of heterogeneous participants interacting within an intricate layered network of economic and operational relationships. Decision-making in these systems has been extensively decentralized in many industrialized countries over the past twenty years in an attempt to increase their reliability and efficiency. Given the high negative impact of power disruptions, these decentralization efforts have typically been preceded by extensive sensitivity studies with empirically-based computational models. This chapter discusses the current and potential use of agent-based computational modeling to develop novel transactive energy system (TES) designs for electric power systems. TES designs are decentralized market-based designs that permit electric power systems to operate more fully in accordance with basic economic principles while maintaining overall system reliability and efficiency.
Road network state estimation using random forest ensemble learning

Network-scale travel time prediction not only enables traffic management centers (TMC) to proactively implement traffic management strategies, but also allows travelers make informed decisions about route choices between various origins and destinations. In this paper, a random forest estimator was proposed to predict travel time in a network. The estimator was trained using two years of historical travel time data for a case study network in St. Louis, Missouri. Both temporal and spatial effects were considered in the modeling process. The random forest models predicted travel times accurately during both congested and uncongested traffic conditions. The computational times for the models were low, thus useful for real-time traffic management and traveler information applications.
Bone histomorphometry in transiliac biopsies from 48 normal, healthy men

Investigators and clinicians use bone histomorphometry data from iliac bone biopsies to study bone abnormalities in diseased patients, and to understand the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceutical interventions. This requires access to a high quality normal data-set to be used for comparisons, a resource that has not been adequate to date. The objective of this work is to present static and dynamic bone histomorphometry data from transilial bone biopsies performed on 48 healthy males, evenly distributed between ages 45 and 75. In addition, we compared these results with results from our earlier study in normal postmenopausal women (Recker et al., 1988 [1]). The data include bone density and anthropometric measurements, micro-CT, and a collection of serum biochemical measurements. We found that several of the histomorphometry variables were correlated with serum measurements, i.e. serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Micro-CT variables were correlated with the static histomorphometry variables, and were very similar. Age-related changes were observed for both histomorphometry and Micro-CT, but were surprisingly small in most cases. Comparisons with our previously reported histomorphometry data from normal women were surprisingly similar, but there was a significant age by gender interaction in the wall thickness (W.Th) measurements, i.e. there was a small increase in this variable with age in men, and a significant decline with age in women. The population selected for this study, and the prior study in normal women, were carefully chosen so as to rule out the presence of clinical, life-style or other confounding factors. While the cohort chosen herein was a convenience sample, and not a population-based sample, we believe it can be used as a reference standard with proper precautions in its interpretation and in its comparisons with diseased populations.
Square Matrices of Order 2

The main topic of this chapter is a detailed study of 2 × 2 matrices and their applications, for instance to linear recursive sequences and Pell’s equations. The key ingredient is the Cayley–Hamilton theorem, which is systematically used in analyzing the properties of these matrices. Many of these properties will be proved in subsequent chapters by more advanced methods.
The Section on Ethnic Minority Clinical Psychology (Section 6), 1986—

Up until 1920, not a single African-American received a PhD in psychology. Then, at Clark University, Francis Cecil Sumner broke this barrier (Korchin, 1980). As the widely read book by R. V. Guthrie (1976) stated, in psychology, “even the rat was white.”
The Role of Iron Protein-Nucleotide Interaction and Conformational Change in Nitrogenase Catalysis

There are a number of key questions in nitrogenase biochemistry pertaining to the biosynthesis of the metal clusters, the mechanism of reduction at the active site, and the role of MgATP in catalysis (Peters and Szilagyi, 2006). We have, for several years, been focusing on the last question, using a variety of biochemical and physical methods to probe Fe-protein structure in defined conformations. These include Fe proteins with or without bound nucleotides and variants resulting from site-specific amino-acid substitution. During catalysis, the Fe protein binds two MgATP molecules and couples their hydrolysis to the transfer of electrons from the Fe protein to the MoFe protein within a complex (Peters and Szilagyi, 2006; Howard and Rees, 1994). Multiple steps of complex formation, MgATP hydrolysis, and electron transfer are required to accumulate enough reducing equivalents to reduce N2 to ammonia. MgATP-dependent conformational changes in the Fe protein represent a potential mechanism to effectively gate the flow of electrons toward substrate reduction. The structure of the Fe protein confirmed it as an approx. 60 kD homodimer with a single [4Fe-4S] cluster located at the subunit interface. The Fe protein is structurally similar to a large number of proteins in which nucleotide binding and hydrolysis are coupled to conformational changes typically transduced within a macromolecular complex (Howard and Rees, 1994).
Framework for apprenticeship in ethical comportment and formation

Recently the literature on preparing students for nursing and other professions has emphasized the need for attention to civility, ethical comportment, and formation of professional identity. Nursing educators play a key role in supporting the formation of ethical comportment and professional nursing identity. Although a number of frameworks exist for the formation of identity, there are none that address the interaction between nursing educators and students or the role of nursing educators in implementing effective pedagogies for formation. In this article a framework developed from existing literature is proposed to guide nursing educator practice in stimulating and supporting the process of professional identity formation and ethical comportment in nursing students. The framework will also serve as a guide for future research in the process of formation of ethical comportment and professional identity.
Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Positive Airway Pressure in Mild Cognitive Impairment (P1.095)

Objective: To identify if treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) with Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy delays progression to dementia or improves cognitive outcomes in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Background: OSA has been linked with decreased quality of life, cardiovascular complications and cognition dysfunction. However, there are few and conflicting studies on benefits of treating OSA in patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia and MCI. We tested the hypothesis that treatment of OSA with PAP therapy in MCI patients improves cognitive outcomes and delays progression dementia. Design/Methods: We retrospectively examined 90 patients over 18 years old with OSA and MCI seen at our clinics between 1/1/2011 and 12/31/2015. We compared those who received PAP therapy and were compliant (used PAP for more than average of 4 hours a night) to those who were untreated for OSA or non-compliant with PAP therapy. A Clinical Dementia Rating score change from 0.5 to 1.0 was used to measure progression to dementia. Decline of cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease sub-scores. Results: The mean age was 70.5, 68% were male and 52% had non-amnestic MCI. 29 subjects had no PAP use, 24 were non-compliant and 37 were compliant with PAP therapy. There were 24 subjects who progressed to dementia during their follow-up. The median time to progression was 47.3 months for patients with no PAP use and 52.2 months for patients with non-compliant PAP use and not reached for patients with compliant PAP use; this difference was not significant (p=0.774). No significant trends were found among other CERAD sub-scores examined. Conclusions: The benefits of treating OSA with PAP therapy in MCI patients remains unclear. Likely, longer follow up and perhaps more regular PAP use is needed to assess the effectiveness of PAP therapy in this population. Disclosure: Dr. Suneja has nothing to disclose. Dr. Skiba has nothing to disclose. Dr. Novikova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schultz has nothing to disclose. Dr. McLellan has nothing to disclose.
The Big Reveal: Precision Mapping Shines a Gigantic Floodlight on the Cerebellum

The cerebellum, a brain structure historically considered to be important for motor coordination, is often overlooked in terms of its role in higher-order control processing. Using resting-state functional connectivity and precision mapping, Marek et al. (2018) illuminate the cerebellum as an important source of individual variation in brain function and cognition.
The Tenuous Attachments of Working-Class Men

In this essay, we explore how working-class men describe their attachments to work, family, and religion. We draw upon in-depth, life history interviews conducted in four metropolitan areas with racially and ethnically diverse groups of working-class men with a high school diploma but no four-year college degree. Between 2000 and 2013, we deployed heterogeneous sampling techniques in the black and white working-class neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts; Charleston, South Carolina; Chicago, Illinois; and the Philadelphia/Camden area of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. We screened to ensure that each respondent had at least one minor child, making sure to include a subset potentially subject to a child support order (because they were not married to, or living with, their child's mother). We interviewed roughly even numbers of black and white men in each site for a total of 107 respondents. Our approach allows us to explore complex questions in a rich and granular way that allows unanticipated results to emerge. These working-class men showed both a detachment from institutions and an engagement with more autonomous forms of work, childrearing, and spirituality, often with an emphasis on generativity, by which we mean a desire to guide and nurture the next generation. We also discuss the extent to which this autonomous and generative self is also a haphazard self, which may be aligned with counterproductive behaviors. And we look at racial and ethnic difference in perceptions of social standing.
Pulse and Range Dependent Rfi Mitigation for Synthetic Aperture Radar Using Digital Beamforming

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is a growing problem in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The choice of operational frequency of remote sensing instruments is dictated by the physics of the parameters that are to be observed. On the other hand, the frequency spectrum becomes more crowded with the increasing demand for wireless services. This requires cohabitation of multiple systems at the same or neighbouring frequency bands. As a result, RFI can introduce artefacts and degrade the derived SAR products. A mitigation of RFI is critical. New removal techniques can be implemented with Digital Beamforming (DBF) radars. In this paper, we present a Pulse and Range-Dependent Time Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (PRDTMVDR) Beamformer. The antenna pattern (AP) is adaptively changed for each pixel based on the inherent imaging geometry of SAR and thus the RFI suppression is improved compared to an AP that is fixed for the pulse duration.
Thermal property and shear wave speed indicators of phase transitions in a micellar fluid

High concentration (>100 mM) wormlike micellar (WM) fluids are non-Newtonian with micelle lengths in the tens of nanometers. The viscoelastic properties of the fluid are affected by the structure and entanglement of the micelles and thus structural phase transitions can be indirectly studied using mechanical shear waves. Although these structural phase transitions have been extensively studied as a function of concentration, comparably less work is available on the temperature dependence. In this study, shear wave speeds (SWS) were studied as a function of temperature in a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium salicylate (NaSal)-based wormlike micellar fluid as an indicator of micellar structural changes. The heat capacity and thermal conductivity were also measured as these can be expected to change with structural phase transitions. Discontinuities in SWS were observed between 12 °C and 14 °C indicating the existence of a possible structural phase transition at this temperature. Gradual variation of the thermal properties was observed during controlled heating and cooling, while during autonomous heating from crystallization to fluid, a dramatic increase in both thermal properties peaking near 13.5 °C was observed.
Natural History of a Patient with Sacral Chordoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Background Chordomas are rare, slow-growing, locally aggressive, malignant tumors of the spine. Chordomas are conventionally treated with surgical resection with or without radiation. There is an absence of literature documenting the natural history of a primary sacral chordoma. Case Description A 65-year-old man presented with rectal pain, constipation, urinary and fecal incontinence, S1 radiculopathy, and a palpable rectal mass. A needle biopsy confirmed the pathologic diagnosis of sacral chordoma. The patient declined to have surgery because of the surgical risks involved. He was managed conservatively with supportive care only. The patient was routinely followed in clinic and had a subjective and objective excellent quality of life with adequate pain management. Meanwhile, his neurologic status did not deteriorate. During follow-up, some posterolateral aspects of the chordoma regressed. However, the bulk of the lesion continued to slowly progress. The patient survived for 7.5 years. He eventually succumbed to urosepsis and new-onset peritoneal metastasis. Conclusions To our knowledge, the patient is the only documented case in the literature of an untreated biopsy-proven sacral chordoma. The patient's tumor was intended for resection, and therefore comparable with data from treated chordomas. The patient's survival is similar to the median survival in treated chordomas. The patient's survival was despite negative prognosticators, such as advanced age of the patient and high sacral location above S2.
Does intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment improve pediatric headache-related disability?

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment for improving disability in children with chronic headache using the International Classification of Functioning,...