cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steady Metal Combustor as a Closed Thermal Energy Source

A thermal energy source is described which can be used with closed thermodynamic cycles to obtain a power system that is independent of the environment. The energy source is based on the steady combustion of gaseous sulfur hexafluoride and liquid lithium, yielding liquid lithium fluoride and lithium sulfide as combustion products. For liquid bath temperatures between 1065 and 1638 K, lithium and the combustion products form an immiscible liquid mixture and the denser product liquid can be removed from the combustor through a trap in order to achieve steady operation. A combustor with a maximum thermal power of 25 kW was employed to study the operation of this system, to measure performance, and to determine the properties of the immiscible liquid mixture. The experiments also examined ignition characteristics, various modes of product collection, utilization of the reactants by the combustion process, and system capabilities for long term, variable-load operation as a thermal energy source. An analysis based on the van Laar thermodynamic model was developed which satisfactorily correlates both properties and the thermal performance of the system.
Reaction chemistry ABC-style

For a time, membrane proteins proved intractable to X-ray crystallography. There were difficulties of overexpression and purification, multiple choices of solubilizing detergent that could only be decided by trial and error, unwillingness to crystallize, and often, poor diffraction from resultant crystals. However, the tide now seems to be turning, and in PNAS, Oldham and Chen (1) present an X-ray crystallography study of the entire WT maltose uptake protein from Escherichia coli, in which four different structures are described at commendable 2.2- to 2.4-A resolution. Maltose uptake protein is a well-characterized model (2) for the large ABC transporter family, members of which occur in all living organisms. ABC transporters, whether exporters or importers, display a common architecture consisting of two transmembrane domains (TMDs) involved directly in transport and two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) that cooperatively hydrolyze ATP (actually MgATP) to power transport (3). Internationally, numerous researchers study ABC transporters because of their wide involvement in human and plant disease and consequent importance in medicine and agriculture. Maltose uptake protein has subunit structure MalGFK2, with GF forming the TMDs and K2 forming the head to tail NBD dimer, with its two ATP binding sites. Bacterial ABC importers use a binding protein that captures the requisite transport substrate from the periplasm and delivers it to the transporter. In the work by Oldham and Chen (1), maltose binding protein is bound to the MalGFK2 complex in its open state, and the just-delivered maltose molecule is clearly seen in the transport pathway at midmembrane.
Acute central cervical spinal cord syndrome

Two cases of the acute central cervical spinal cord syndrome are presented. A 63-year-old diabetic hypertensive man manifested the syndrome as a result of atraumatic ischemia of the cord. A 32-year-old healthy man developed it after sustaining a hyperextension injury in a baseball game. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this entity are reviewed. Knowledge of this entity is of major importance in the analysis and management of head and neck trauma, as well as in the recognition and management of atraumatic neurologic dysfunction due to ischemia, hemorrhage, or thrombosis.
Effect of dipyridamole of prostaglandin generation by human platelets and vessel walls

Abstract These experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dipyridemole on human platelet aggregation, platelet thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) and human vessel wall prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) generation. Dipyridamole in varying concentrations (5 to 50 μg/ml) had no direct effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, but it potentiated PGI 2 -induced platelet aggregation inhibition at these concentrations. Dipyridamole also inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet TXA 2 generation at these concentrations. In continuously perfused umbilical vein segments, dipyridamole treatment resulted in stimulation of PGI 2 release determined by bioassay and by measurement of its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF 1α . Minimum concentration of dipyridamole causing PGI 2 release was 50 μg/ml. These in vitro studies suggest that anti-thrombotic effects of dipyridamole in man are mediated mainly by potentiation of PGI 2 activity and to some extent by TXA 2 suppression. Stimulation of PGI 2 release by human vessels may not be seen in usual therapeutic concentrations.
Morbidity of open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer: contemporary perioperative data

Study Type – Therapy (prospective cohort) Level of Evidence 2b OBJECTIVE To review differences between primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (P-RPLND) and RPLND after chemotherapy (PC-RPLND) in a contemporary series of patients with testicular cancer, to validate the proposed low morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who had undergone RPLND at our institution in 2001–2008 were identified and their clinical charts reviewed; in all, 190 were identified and perioperative data obtained. RESULTS Of the 190 patients who had RPLND, 98 (52%) and 92 (48%) had P- and PC-RPLND, respectively. Histology of the orchidectomy specimen consisted of embryonal carcinoma in 146 (76%) patients, also including lymphovascular invasion in 83 (44%). The mean (range) operative duration was 206 (110–475) min and the mean blood loss was 294 (50–7000) mL. The median hospital stay was 4 days. Mean blood loss, operative duration and hospital stay were significantly less for the P-RPLND than for PC-RPLND groups (P < 0.05). There were 18 (9%) perioperative complications in all. There were no deaths in either group. CONCLUSIONS The short-term morbidity of open RPLND is acceptable, and open RPLND is safe and effective at select tertiary centres. When compared with historical data, the present contemporary series shows that the operative duration, blood loss and hospital stay have improved, with few complications. These contemporary data should be considered when comparing laparoscopic with open RPLND.
Formation of Isomorphic Desolvates: Creating a Molecular Vacuum

The objective of this work was to investigate a common but poorly understood category of crystalline organic substances: isomorphic desolvates. When solvent is lost from a crystal lattice but the lattice retains its three-dimensional order, a lattice is created which is in a high-energy state relative to the original solvate structure. The desolvated lattice can reduce its internal energy by either resorbing solvent or by relaxation processes which increase the packing efficiency of the solid by reducing the unit cell volume. In the following paper, solid-state properties of isomorphic desolvates of cephalexin, cefaclor, erythromycin A, and spirapril hydrochloride hydrates are investigated. The hygroscopicity of the compounds are evaluated using a vacuum moisture balance, and structural relaxation is measured using a combination of X-ray powder diffraction and isothermal microcalorimetry. The study results are explained in terms of Kitaigorodski's close packing principle.
Surface Properties, Micellization, and Premicellar Aggregation of Gemini Surfactants with Rigid and Flexible Spacers

Micellization and premicellar behavior of the two series of cationic surfactants, each with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups in the molecule (“gemini” surfactants), one series with a rigid, hydrophobic spacer, and second with a flexible, hydrophilic one, have been studied by use of surface tension measurements. The data show the expected regular increase in surface activity with an increase in alkyl chain length for the shorter chain homologs but show increased deviation from the regularity with an increase in chain length when the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain exceeds a certain number. This deviation in surface activity appears to be due to the formation of small, non-surface active aggregates. Equilibrium constants calculated for the aggregation reaction show that the conditions facilitating micelle formation also favor formation of these premicelles, such as lower temperature, stronger ionic strength of the solution, and increased alkyl chain length. Geminis with a flexible, hydro...
Temperature and Soil Water Effects on Maize Growth, Development Yield, and Forage Quality

Topographical features in the northeastern USA result in different growing conditions between locations within close proximity. Dairy producers demand information on how these differences influence forage maize (Zea mays L.). Three hybrids were planted at two dates and two locations in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the effect of growing conditions on growth, development, yield, and forage quality of maize. Dry matter (DM) yields, which averaged 16.4 Mg ha -1 at Aurora vs. 14.7 at Mt. Pleasant, NY, in 1990 and 12.7 vs 12.0 in 1991, correlated with DM accumulation at silking (r = 0.86), but not at the eighth-leaf (V8) stage (r = 0.19). Maize at Aurora, NY, which had higher average temperatures (22.4°C) during the V8 to silking interval than Mt. Pleasant (20.4°C), accumulated more DM at silking in 1990 (822 vs. 678 g m -2 ) and 1991 (620 vs. 545) because of higher crop growth rates (28 vs. 23 g m -2 d -1 in 1990 and 22 vs. 20 in 1991) during the same length of growth interval. Location did not affect neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in 1990, but the cool compared with warm location had higher IVDMD (765 vs. 747 g kg -1 ) and lower NDF (376 vs. 397 g kg -1 ) in 1991. The dry 1991 growing season compared with 1990 had lower NDF (386 vs. 431 g kg -1 ) and higher IVDMD (756 vs. 717 g kg -1 ). Apparently, soil water differences between locations in the northeastern USA affect maize forage quality more than temperature differences do.
Spaces of Similarities. II. Pfister Factors

Contents. Introduction. 7. The questions. 8. Using the involution. 9. Inside the Clifford algebra.
Comparing responses of four ungulate species to playbacks of baboon alarm calls

A growing body of evidence suggests that a wide range of animals can recognize and respond appropriately to calls produced by other species. Social learning has been implicated as a possible mechanism by which heterospecific call recognition might develop. To examine whether familiarity and/or shared vulnerability with the calling species might influence the ability of sympatric species to distinguish heterospecific alarm calls, we tested whether four ungulate species (impala: Aepyceros melampus; tsessebe: Damaliscus lunatus; zebra: Equus burchelli; wildebeest: Connochaetes taurinus) could distinguish baboon (Papio hamadryas ursinus) alarm calls from other loud baboon calls produced during intra-specific aggressive interactions (‘contest’ calls). Overall, subjects’ responses were stronger following playback of alarm calls than contest calls. Of the species tested, impala showed the strongest responses and the greatest difference in composite response scores, suggesting they were best able to differentiate call types. Compared with the other ungulate species, impala are the most frequent associates of baboons. Moreover, like baboons, they are susceptible to both lion and leopard attacks, whereas leopards rarely take the larger ungulates. Although it seems possible that high rates of association and/or shared vulnerability may influence impala’s greater ability to distinguish among baboon call types, our results point to a stronger influence of familiarity. Ours is the first study to compare such abilities among several community members with variable natural histories, and we discuss future experiments that would more systematically examine development of these skills in young ungulates.
Hadron masses in lattice gauge theories; the inclusion of dynamical fermions☆

Hadron masses are calculated on an 8/sup 3/ /times/ 16 lattice using four flavors of staggered fermion to generate the gauge configurations, but using Wilson fermions to calculate the hadron propagators. The identification of a value of the Wilson hopping parameter with the value of the bare quark mass used in the simulations is discussed.
Mucosal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in African Green Monkeys: Susceptibility to Infection Is Proportional to Target Cell Availability at Mucosal Sites

African green monkeys (AGMs) are naturally infected with a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVagm) that is nonpathogenic in its host. Although SIVagm is common and widespread, little is known about the mechanisms that govern its transmission. Since the earliest virus-host interactions may provide key insights into the nonpathogenic phenotype of SIVagm, we developed a mucosal transmission model for this virus. Using plasma from an acutely infected AGM as the virus inoculum, we exposed adult and juvenile AGMs, as well as pigtailed macaques (PTMs) as a nonnatural host control, by mucosal routes to increasing titers of virus and compared the doses needed to establish a productive infection. Four juvenile and four adult AGMs as well as two PTMs were intrarectally (IR) exposed, while two additional adult female AGMs were intravaginally (IVAG) exposed. No animal became infected following exposure to 105 RNA copies. Both PTMs but none of the AGMs became infected following exposure to 106 RNA copies. Finally, all adult AGMs and two of the four juvenile AGMs became infected following exposure to 107 RNA copies, acquiring either one (2 IR infected juveniles, 1 IR infected adult, 2 IVAG infected adults) or two (3 IR infected adults) transmitted founder viruses. These results were consistent with immunophenotypic data, which revealed a significant correlation between the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing CCR5 in the mucosa and the susceptibility to infection, in terms of both the viral dose and the numbers of transmitted founder viruses. Moreover, studies of uninfected AGMs showed that the fraction of CCR5-expressing CD4+ T cells increased significantly with age. These results indicate that (i) AGMs are readily infected with SIVagm by both intrarectal and intravaginal routes, (ii) susceptibility to infection is proportional to the number of available CCR5+ CD4+ target cells in the mucosa, and (iii) the paucity of CCR5+ CD4+ target cells in infant and juvenile AGMs may explain the near absence of vertical transmission.
Electric field assisted proton transfer in the water dimer

Abstract The energy of a water dimer in an electric field undergoing dissociation to H 3 O + and OH − is computed as a function of the position of the donor proton using the polarization model. Enhancement of the rate of water splitting due to lowering of the activation barrier is predicted
Ethics for international medicine: a practical guide for aid workers in developing countries

Though Anji Wall positions her book as being aimed at ‘physicians, residents, and medical students’, the ethical implications of short-term volunteer medical work resonate across multiple professio...
Critical Review of Recent Work on Ventricular Diastolic Suction

Unequivocal evidence in favor of the concept that a ventricular diastolic vis a fronte contributes to ventricular filling has been established only in the following conditions: a. When the ventricle contains an abnormally small residual volume (rat, dog, turtle) b. When the ventricle contains a more nearly normal, residual volume due to ejection against the resistance of a fluid column (dog, turtle). The quantitative contribution of the ventricular vis a fronte to ventricular filling at various residual volumes and various levels of cardiac activity is still unknown. The physiological significance of diastolic suction for the return flow of blood can therefore not yet he evaluated.
Functional characteristics of dystrophic skeletal muscle: insights from animal models

Muscular dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that show myofiber degeneration and regeneration. Identification of animal models of muscular dystrophy has be...
Reducing the Risk of Disordered Eating Among Female Athletes: A Test of Alternative Interventions

Eating disorders are a major psychological issue for female collegiate athletes and research directed at reducing their risk has been scant. In this study, the effectiveness of a cognitive-dissonance based intervention was compared to two alternatives—a psychoeducationally based healthy weight and a wait-list control—to determine their relative effectiveness in reducing body dissatisfaction, negative affect, dietary restriction, and internalization of the sociocultural ideal. Twenty-nine Division I female collegiate athletes who were body dissatisfied were matched and then randomly assigned to condition. For each standardized intervention, athletes met once per week for 1 hour; the interventions occurred over a 3 week period. The three groups were comparable on the Time 1 (baseline) measures and demographics, with the exception of age and importance of being physically fit. Possibly due to low power, the Time by Group interaction for each measure was not statistically significant, indicating no treatment ...
Museums in the New Gilded Age: Collector exhibits in New York art museums, 1945–2010

Abstract How have museums in the United States been affected by the concentration of wealth and the decline in Federal support for the arts in recent decades? We address that question by tracking special exhibits at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Guggenheim and Whitney Museums in New York from 1945 to 2010. We find that the fraction of special exhibits devoted to and organized around patron collections declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Despite the subsequent decline in government funding and growing concentration of wealth, patron exhibits did not increase in recent decades. The autonomy that professionalized museum curators achieved in the 1960s and 1970s to determine the themes and content of exhibitions has been sustained, even as organizational norms were transformed in most other realms.
Node compromise attacks and network connectivity

Net-centric warfare requires widespread, highly reliable communications even in the face of adversarial influences. Maintaining connectivity and secure communications among network entities are vital properties towards mission readiness and execution. In this work, we examine required communications range of nodes in a wireless sensor network. Several parameters of wireless networks are studied in terms of how they influence overall network connectivity such as key predistribution schemes and node compromise attacks. In many battlespace situations for networks of unmanned ground sensor nodes, communication range is limited by resources, hardware ability and unpredictable terrain. Additionally, networks attempt to minimize the transmission power of each node to conserve power, as the radio is oftentimes the largest drain on available energy resources. Furthermore, such networks are vulnerable to physical node compromise and attack by an adversary and destroy connectivity in these situations. What is studied here is overall network connectivity and its relationship to key predistribution schemes and node compromise attacks. In networking situations with an adversarial presence, it may be possible to continue to mission objectives properly with the remaining uncompromised network resources with some reconfiguring of network parameters. We derive a single expression to determine required communication radius for wireless sensor networks to include these situations.
Relativistic spin-polarized electronic structure of Ce and Pu.

The first fully relativistic calculations that also include spin polarization are presented for the single-site t matrix for Ce and Pu. The pattern of resonant energies for Ce are compared to recent atomic eigenvalue results for the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ion. The Ce band states are also determined along the 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 directions in the Brillouin zone by solving the Dirac equation with an internal magnetic field constructed from scalar relativistic linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) spin-polarized calculations. In the relativistic case the coupling between spin-orbit and spin-polarization interactions destroys rotational symmetry, unlike in the nonrelativistic spin-polarized formalism, and hence leads to completely nondegenerate f and d states in these systems (similar to the Zeeman effect). To see this we also give results for an applied magnetic field that only couples to the spins and hence resembles an effective internal spin-polarized field.
Direct and indirect effects of nutrients on intertidal community structure: variable consequences of seabird guano

Abstract The structure of communities on cliff sections with and without overhead seabird colonies was compared to assess whether local nutrient enrichment by birds affected the abundances of rocky-shore species in the San Juan archipelago of Washington state. In the presence of guano, the vertical distribution of orange lichens (Caloplaca marina Wedd. and Xanthoria elegans (Link.) Th. Fr.) was elevated and gray lichens (Physica (Schreb.) Michx.) were eliminated in the supralittoral fringe. In the splash and upper intertidal zones, guano appeared to directly enhance the abundance of the green alga Prasiola meridionalis S. & G. and fleshy crustose algae (Mastocarpus papillatus (C. Ag.) Kutzing, Ralfsia pacifica Hollenb., and Hildenbrandia Nardo spp.), but to directly reduce the amount of area covered by Fucus distichus L., and Ulva L. spp. By directly affecting the abundance of these species, guano indirectly affected other species: Verrucaria mucosa Wahl. declined because of enhanced competition with Prasiola in the splash zone, and Balanus glandula Darwin declined because of increased desiccation in areas with reduced Fucus canopy. Overall, guano positively influenced only four of the eighteen taxa examined in the study, suggesting that, with the exception of species that live in unusual situations with low nutrient transport, macronutrients probably do not limit the abundance of species in this community.
Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) Characterization of Shaped Charge Jet Formation

Abstract Photon Doppler Velocimetry was used to characterize the early time formation of the jet from a 65-mm diameter shaped charge with a copper liner. This tool provided a high fidelity, high temporal resolution technique to characterize the axial velocity evolution of the shaped charge jet's first motion to exit from the base of the conical liner. The measurements were then compared with continuum mechanics shock physics simulations, using both CTH and ALEGRA, to understand the jet formation process and evolution.
“Self-healing” design techniques for RF and mm-Wave Ics

To achieve the highest performance/price ratios of handheld wireless devices, the current trends in wireless chip set development call for a programmable cognitive-like multi-standard nanometer CMOS radios integrated on a single chip. This represents a grand challenge to both the yield and validation of such chip sets and typically requires several silicon spins which will increase the NRE development costs and may result in significant product delays and in missing important market windows. To meet this challenge we present design techniques for “self-awareness” and “self-healing” of multi-band, multi-mode CMOS radio systems and demonstrate the validity of these techniques in the design of WiMAX/LTE CMOS radio front ends. Moreover, we will review the Evolution of the wireless technology and chipsets beyond 3G as well as the basic principles of zero-IF CMOS multi band, multi mode radios from antenna to bits. We will also present a compact transceiver architecture suitable for TDD radio systems. The talk is intended for RFIC, baseband and SoC design engineers, researchers and graduate students as well as product and marketing managers. The material will be given at an introductory level. So newcomers to the field are welcome.
The role of federally funded health centers in serving the rural population.

Abstract: Context: Federally funded health centers attempt to improve rural health by reducing and eliminating access barriers to primary care services. Purpose: This study compares rural health center patients with people in the general rural population for indicators of access to preventive services and health outcomes. Methods: Data from the annual reporting system for federally funded health centers, the 1999 Uniform Data System, and published national census data were used to provide sociodemographic comparisons. Selected health status indicators, preventive services utilization, and health outcomes were obtained from a survey of health center patients, and the results were compared with the National Health Interview Survey and National Vital Statistics. Findings: Unlike the nation's rural population, the majority of rural health center patients are of minority race/ethnicity, live at or below poverty, and are either uninsured or on Medicaid. Despite having higher prevalence of traditional access barriers than the general rural population, rural health center patients are significantly more likely to receive certain preventive services and also to experience lower rates of low birthweight, particularly for African American infants. However, rural health center patients are not more likely to have received influenza vaccination or up-to-date mammogram screening. Conclusions: Health centers provide access to essential preventive care for many of the most vulnerable rural residents. A national strategy to expand the rural health center network will likely help to ensure improved health for the considerable proportion of rural residents who still lack access to appropriate services.
Musashi2 sustains the mixed-lineage leukemia–driven stem cell regulatory program

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are found in most aggressive myeloid diseases and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Leukemia cells exhibit a dysregulated developmental program as the result of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Overexpression of the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (MSI2) has been previously shown to predict poor survival in leukemia. Here, we demonstrated that conditional deletion of Msi2 in the hematopoietic compartment results in delayed leukemogenesis, reduced disease burden, and a loss of LSC function in a murine leukemia model. Gene expression profiling of these Msi2-deficient animals revealed a loss of the hematopoietic/leukemic stem cell self-renewal program and an increase in the differentiation program. In acute myeloid leukemia patients, the presence of a gene signature that was similar to that observed in Msi2-deficent murine LSCs correlated with improved survival. We determined that MSI2 directly maintains the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) self-renewal program by interacting with and retaining efficient translation of Hoxa9, Myc, and Ikzf2 mRNAs. Moreover, depletion of MLL target Ikzf2 in LSCs reduced colony formation, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Our data provide evidence that MSI2 controls efficient translation of the oncogenic LSC self-renewal program and suggest MSI2 as a potential therapeutic target for myeloid leukemia.
Experiments on the stabilization of the no-motion state of a fluid layer heated from below and cooled from above

It is demonstrated experimentally that through the use of feedback control, it is possible to stabilize the no-motion (conductive) state of a fluid layer confined in a circular cylinder heated from below and cooled from above (the Rayleigh–Benard problem), thereby postponing the transition from a no-motion state to cellular convection. The control system utilizes multiple sensors and actuators. The actuators consist of individually controlled heaters microfabricated on a silicon wafer which forms the bottom of the test cell. The sensors are diodes installed at the fluid's midheight. The sensors monitor the deviation of the fluid temperatures from preset, desired values and direct the actuators to act in such a way as to eliminate these deviations.
Development of the squamosomandibular articulation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). II. Succinate dehydrogenase activity

Succinate dehydrogenase activity has been studied, according to the method of Nachlas et al. (1957), in the developing tissues forming the squamosomandibular articulation in the Mongolian gerbil from its inception through the sixty postnatal day. Increased activity was observed in the chondroblasts, osteoblasts and mesenchymal tissues of the developing articulation. The chondroclasts of the developing mandibular condyle displayed intense reaction as did the osteoclasts of the developing bony articulation. Succinate dehydrogenase activity appeared to be related to the functional maturity of the cellular elements of the developing joint.
Sensing-area distribution functions for one- and three-loop superconductive magnetic-monopole detectors.

We have calculated the response of the existing one- and three-loop superconductive magnetic-monopole detectors to an isotropic distribution of monopole trajectories passing through the detectors. The effective sensing area of the three-loop detector is shown to be 476 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for events greater than 0.1${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$ (${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$=hc/2e) in at least two of the three loops. These calculations include the effects of the cylindrical superconducting shields surrounding the loops. First the interior magnetic-field distribution within the cylindrical shield is found for a doubly quantized vortex located in the shield wall. Next the coupling of this field to each superconducting loop is computed as a function of the position of the vortex relative to the loop. Then the current change induced in the loops is found for each monopole trajectory by combining the direct coupling to the entering and exiting cylinder wall vortices. The one- and three-loop sensing-area distribution functions are then found using a Monte Carlo technique on a large number of isotropically distributed trajectories.
North Vickers East waterflood performance prediction with fractal geostatistics

A detailed geostatistical cross section, combined with a fine-grid streamtube calculation was used to predict the improvements of the North Vickers East waterflood project in Inglewood, CA. The intent was to test the hybrid finite-differences/streamtube technique (HST) to predict workover and realignment in a complex reservoir that was not easily modeled by conventional methods. Results indicate that HST may offer a methods to represent the performance of such reservoirs without conventional history matching.
A Further Comment on “Problems and Prospects in Teaching World Religions”

I have just read Winston King's article on teaching world religions, which appeared one year ago (JBR, XXXII, 1, January, 1964). The number of journals which were current last year while I was busy in Asia "encountering" some of the world's religions firsthand is appalling. I should like to add a footnote to Professor King's informal and helpful account of his own procedures and of persistent problems of teaching in this field. The question in point is the ticklish one of comparison. I have come to the conclusion that there is no real question of "to compare or not to compare." For all our devotion to treating religions in an unbiased fashion, and for all our struggle to give the precious little time we have to exploring as deeply as possible a few religions as integral and organic units in themselves, I am convinced that formal disavowals of doing comparisons in an introductory course induce more strain than they are worth. The dilemma is this. On the one hand, I continue to agree that an introductory course in world religions should not be formally structured so that one attempts to begin to penetrate the presuppositions and inner attitudes and moods of the religions by means of actual comparison. On the other hand, I know from personal experience as well as from several years of teaching such a course that the student does engage in comparison at the early stages of study. Despite our insistence that such an operation at the very beginning of one's exposure to other religious traditions is bound to be superficial, inaccurate, and unfair, one cannot help reacting to alien religions in a subjective way. Judgments of value, of truth, of practicality and adequacy are constantly being made in the student's mind as he pushes into strange realms of thought and conviction. Why not acknowledge this and give it a subordinate role in the term's work?
Soft modes in the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet near saturation.

The elementary excitations of the one-dimensional spin-S Heisenberg antiferromagnet near saturation are explained, with special attention to the soft mode, in terms of a gas of interacting magnons. Recent numerical studies of the antiferromagnet in a magnetic field uncovered the presence of the soft mode at a magnetization-dependent wave number for large magnetizations. We show that very near saturation and for large spins the antiferromagnet can be written in terms of a gas of magnons interacting via repulsive \ensuremath{\delta}-function potentials, a system with a known Bethe-ansatz solution. The soft mode can then be explained as a Kohn-anomaly-type excitation above a quasi-Fermi-sea. Other elementary excitations form a particle-hole-type double continuum. The soft mode's apparent physical observability is indicated by a shoulder at the appropriate wave number in the integrated longitudinal intensity.
THE EFFECTS OF BREASTFEEDING AND PACE OF CHILDBEARING ON MORTALITY AT EARLY AGES

The effects of the pace of childbearing and breastfeeding practices on infant mortality have rarely been considered together. In this paper, we design and use a set of methodological tools to test a variety of hypotheses postulating the effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality in infancy and early childhood, the mechanisms through which those effects operate, and the contingencies that strengthen or weaken them. The strong effects of both length of breastfeeding and the pace of childbearing on the risks of child death suggest that neither of them exerts an impact on mortality totally mediated by the other. Social and demographic factors (such as age of child, education of mother, and region of residence) also condition the impact of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality.
Implementing Interagency Collaborations: Exploring Variation in Collaborative Ventures in Human Service Organizations

Collaborative mechanisms are increasingly being used to deliver public services in the United States, with many scholars seeking to understand the operation and impact of these ventures. This article contributes to this research by breaking apart interagency collaborations used to deliver services, demonstrating the variations that can occur within a single form of collaborative service delivery. Examining collaborations to deliver early care and education services, this article demonstrates that scholars need to examine multiple collaborative ventures within policy fields to understand the variations that can arise during the implementation process and the implications of these variations for the public services.
Context Infusion in Semantic Link Networks to Detect Cyber-attacks: A Flow-Based Detection Approach

Detection of cyber-attacks is a major responsibility for network managers and security specialists. Most existing Network Intrusion Detection systems rely on inspecting individual packets, an increasingly resource consuming task in today's high speed networks due to the overhead associated with accessing packet content. An alternative approach is to detect attack patterns by investigating IP flows. Since analyzing raw data extracted from IP flows lacks the semantic information needed to discover attacks, a novel approach is introduced that utilizes contextual information to semantically reveal cyber-attacks from IP flows. Time, location, and other contextual information mined from network flow data is utilized to create semantic links among alerts raised in response to suspicious flows. The semantic links are identified through an inference process on probabilistic semantic link networks (SLNs). The resulting links are used at run-time to retrieve relevant suspicious activities that represent possible steps in multi-step attacks.
Growth and structural properties of crystalline LaAlO3 on Si (001)

Crystalline LaAlO"3 was grown by oxide molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si (001) surfaces utilizing a 2ML SrTiO"3 buffer layer. This SrTiO"3 buffer layer, also grown by oxide MBE, formed an abrupt interface with the silicon. No SiO"2 layer was detectable at the oxide-silicon interface when studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline quality of the LaAlO"3 was assessed during and after growth by reflection high energy electron diffraction, indicating epitaxial growth with the LaAlO"3 unit cell rotated 45^o relative to the silicon unit cell. X-ray diffraction indicates a (001) oriented single-crystalline LaAlO"3 film with a rocking curve of 0.15^o and no secondary phases. The use of SrTiO"3 buffer layers on silicon allows perovskite oxides which otherwise would be incompatible with silicon to be integrated onto a silicon platform.
Induced neural beta oscillations predict categorical speech perception abilities.

Abstract Neural oscillations have been linked to various perceptual and cognitive brain operations. Here, we examined the role of these induced brain responses in categorical speech perception (CP), a phenomenon in which similar features are mapped to discrete, common identities despite their equidistant/continuous physical spacing. We recorded neuroelectric activity while participants rapidly classified sounds along a vowel continuum (/u/ to /a/). Time–frequency analyses applied to the EEG revealed distinct temporal dynamics in induced (non-phase locked) oscillations; increased β (15–30 Hz) coded prototypical vowel sounds carrying well-defined phonetic categories whereas increased γ (50–70 Hz) accompanied ambiguous tokens near the categorical boundary. Notably, changes in β activity were strongly correlated with the slope of listeners’ psychometric identification functions, a measure of the “steepness” of their categorical percept. Our findings demonstrate that in addition to previously observed evoked (phase-locked) correlates of CP, induced brain activity in the β-band codes the ambiguity and strength of categorical speech percepts.
Modification by bovine growth hormone of liver plasma membrane enzymes, phospholipids, and circular dichroism.

Abstract Liver plasma membrane phospholipid distribution, protein conformation, and 5′-nucleotidase, Mg 2+ -adenosine triphosphatase and (Na + + K + )-adenosine triphosphatase specific activities, were shown to depend on pituitary status and treatment with bovine growth hormone. In whole liver homogenates, hypophysectomy produced a decrease in the proportion of phosphatidyl serine, lysophosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidic acid and diphosphatidyl glycerol and an increased proportion of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The phospholipid distribution in liver plasma membranes was the same for normal and hypophysectomized rats. Plasma membranes obtained from bovine growth hormone-treated hypophysectomized rats had approximately 50%, more phosphatidyl serine than membranes obtained from untreated hypophysectomized or normal rats. Plasma membranes from hypophysectomized rats had 75% of the 5′-nucleotidase, the same level of (Na + + K + )-adenosine triphosphatase, and twice the Mg 2+ -adenosine triphosphatase of membranes from normal rats. Twelve hours after administration of bovine growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats, (Na + + K + )-adenosine triphosphatase had almost doubled and Mg 2+ -adenosine triphosphatase decreased by 50%. 5′-Nucleotidase remained unchanged. Twenty-four hours after bovine growth hormone administration, both (Na + + K + )-adenosine triphosphatase and 5′-nucleotidase had increased. Mg 2+ -adenosine triphosphatase was 23% of the baseline level of untreated hypophysectomized rats. Treatment for 3 days or 5 days increased the 5′-nucleotidase 2-fold. Circular dichroism spectra of liver plasma membranes isolated from hypophysectomized rats consistently showed greater negative ellipticity in the far ultraviolet range (250-190 nm) than those from normal rats or rats treated with bovine growth hormone.
Images of Illegalized Immigration: Towards a Critical Iconography of Politics. By Christine Bischoff, Francesca Falk and Sylvia Kafehsy (eds). New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2010. CLXXVIII, 178. $35.95.

The article reviews the book "Images of Illegalized Immigration: Towards a Critical Iconography of Politics," edited by Christine Bischoff, Francesca Falk, and Sylvia Kafehsy.
Stress wave propagation when the elastic coefficients vary with depth

Of concern is the propagation of distortionless surface waves in a medium that may be nonuniform relative to depth. Distortionless wave propagation in inhomogeneous media was discussed by V. Burke, R. J. Duffin and D. Hazony, inQuart. Appl. Math., 183---194 (1976). Accordingly, the media could be modeled by a distributed electrical ladder network, nonuniform along the axis. We give a two-dimensional development based on Hooke's law and Newton's law which leads to the well-known case of Rayleigh waves in homogeneous media. It will be seen that the available pool of propagation modes greatly increases when high-pass propagation is included. The emphasis is on media where the elastic coefficients track one another as a function of depth. Special cases are studied in detail showing that as a disturbance travels along the surface, it may assume a broadband phase change, which translates into a shape distortion in the time domain, which is periodic with distance. Applications may be found in acousto-optics, in situ monitoring of elongated bodies, high-frequency SAW filters, microstrips, and any situations where surface waves are used in an environment of high precision or relatively large distances.
Comparative study of novel polymer prototype for controlled thermally reworkable UV curable acrylic adhesives in absence and presence of reactive diluent

AbstractAn acrylic polypropylene oxide polymer was synthesised containing two sterically hindered urea linkages. The thermal decrosslinking behaviour of the resulting polymer matrix was studied with various basic and non-basic species. The study determined that the basic species facilitate the decrosslinking of the polymer matrix, whereas the non-basic species show no discernible decrosslinking behaviour. This study also determined that the decrosslinking behaviour of this polymer system could be controlled by the specific properties of the severing species. The work details that as the steric hindrance of the basic species increases, the decrosslinking temperature also increases. Finally, the decrosslinking properties of the polymer were studied in the presence of a reactive diluent to determine if the presence of species necessary for real adhesive formulations would impair the decrosslinking properties of the network.
Seismicity alert probabilities at Parkfield, California, revisited

For a decade, the U.S. Geological Survey has used the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment scenario document to estimate the probability that earthquakes observed on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield will turn out to be foreshocks followed by the expected magnitude 6 mainshocks. During this time, we have learned much about the seismogenic process at Parkfield, about the long-term probability of the Parkfield mainshock, and about the estimation of these types of probabilities. The probabilities for potential foreshocks at Parkfield are reexamined and revised in light of these advances. As part of this process, we have confirmed both the rate of foreshocks before strike-slip earthquakes in the San Andreas physiographic province and the uniform distribution of foreshocks with magnitude proposed by earlier studies. Compared to the earlier assessment, these new estimates of the long-term probability of the Parkfield mainshock are lower, our estimate of the rate of background seismicity is higher, and we find that the assumption that foreshocks at Parkfield occur in a unique way is not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. While the exact numbers vary depending on the assumptions that are made, the new alert probabilities are lower than previously estimated. Considering the various assumptions and the statistical uncertainties in the input parameters, we also compute a plausible range for the probabilities. The range is large, partly due to the extra knowledge that exists for the Parkfield segment, making us question the usefulness of these numbers.
Two Distinctive New Species of Malagasy Garcinia (Clusiaceae)

During a recent survey of Malagasy Garcinia, we uncovered several herbarium collections sharing the general floral morphology of G. verrucosa, the sole member of the Xanthochymus Group in Madagascar but differing in a number of leaf, flower and fruit characters. Further inspection of specimens deposited in herbaria particularly rich in Madagascar collections led us to conclude that these unassigned collections represent two new species of Malagasy Garcinia, which we describe here under the names, G. capuronii and G. lowryi. Garcinia verrucosa differs from both new species by having larger ($ 8 vs. # 5 mm long) flowers and fruits without ridges or lobes. Garcinia capuronii is easily distinguished from G. lowryi by its larger (26-41.4 vs. 1-10.5 cm long), bullate (vs. plane) leaf blades, and strongly 8-ridged (vs. shallowly (3)4-lobed) fruits. Based on IUCN criteria, the widespread G. lowryi should be considered a species of Least Concern (LC), whereas G. capuronii, a species known only from its type, is provisionally assigned to the Critically Endangered (CE) category.
Linear viscoelastic analysis of the room-temperature creep behavior of glass-reinforced aromatic and aliphatic thermoplastics

Abstract This research investigated the effects of stress and material type on the long-term creep behavior of glass-reinforced thermoplastics. The polymers investigated were PEN, PET, PBT, PP, Nylon-6 and Nylon-66. Each polymer was compounded with 30% glass fiber reinforcement. Viscoelastic design properties were derived from the experimentally measured creep data. Design properties include isochronous stress–strain diagrams, creep modulus charts, and the material constants of the Maxwell linear viscoelastic constitutive equation. Relationships between the design properties and polymer structure are discussed.
Adaptive beamforming in quadratic residue number systems on a cluster array processor

The authors describe a quadratic residue number system (QRNS) implementation of the Leverrier algorithm for computing the adjoint and determinant of a matrix on a prototype parallel signal processor, called the cluster array processor (CAP). Some preliminary performance results for an eight-element antenna array model are also presented. The two-dimensional parallelism of the CAP system provides for truly independent processing of the separate RNS channel, as well as concurrent processing within each channel. For the experiments presented here, it was possible to achieve up to 18 dB of total power reduction, with a processing time of less than 3s. >