cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental cultural orientation, shyness, and anxiety in Hispanic children: An exploratory study

article i nfo Keywords: Shyness Hispanic Collectivism Acculturation Anxiety This study examined associations between parental cultural orientation, childhood shyness, and anxiety symptoms in a sample of Hispanic American children (N = 127). Parents completed measures of their level of acculturation, collectivism, and socialization goals, while children provided self-reports of anxiety symptoms and both parents and children provided reports of children's shyness. Results provided some support for the relationship between parental cultural orientation and expressed shyness in children. Additionally, results suggested that although increasing levels of parental collectivism are associated with more consistent levels of child shyness across social contexts; shyness with peers is uniquely associated with anxiety symptoms. Implications of these results for future research on social development and internalizing problems in Hispanic children are discussed.
Structural Origins of Noninnocent Coordination Chemistry

A concise synthesis is provided for key electronic and geometric structural features, leading to noninnocent coordination chemistry as manifested by unprecedented reactivity, unusual coordination chemistry, and ligand-based redox chemistry. These include ligand–ligand repulsion arising from steric rigidity, reduced effective nuclear charge of the ligand-donor atoms, and increased effective nuclear charge of the metal centers in addition to suitable metal–ligand overlap for efficient intramolecular electron transfer. These features can contribute to considerable deviations from formal oxidation states by leading to effectively low-valent, reduced metal centers and oxidized ligands that can have very different electronic and geometric structures from their uncoordinated forms. To demonstrate the influence of these structural factors, classical examples of dithiolene complexes are discussed, followed by pincer-type ligands with late transition metals that show unexpected noninnocent behavior. Combined calibrated density functional theory and multi-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has the potential for uncovering new families of noninnocent ligands that have importance in involving generally redox silent metals in electron-transfer processes or inducing nucleophilic character for metals due to extreme ligand-to-metal electron donation. Keywords: noninnocent coordination compounds; nickel dithiolenes; pincer-type complexes; multi-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy; electronic structure calculations
Cyclin B Proteolysis and the Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor rum1p Are Required for Pheromone-induced G1 Arrest in Fission Yeast

The blocking of G1 progression by fission yeast pheromones requires inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase cdc2p associated with the B-cyclins cdc13p and cig2p. We show that cyclosome-mediated degradation of cdc13p and cig2p is necessary for down-regulation of B-cyclin–associated cdc2p kinase activity and for phermone-induced G1 arrest. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor rum1p is also required to maintain this G1 arrest; it binds both cdc13p and cig2p and is specifically required for cdc13p proteolysis. We propose that rum1p acts as an adaptor targeting cdc13p for degradation by the cyclosome. In contrast, the cig2p–cdc2p kinase can be down-regulated, and the cyclin cig2p can be proteolyzed independently of rum1p. We suggest that pheromone signaling inhibits the cig2p–cdc2p kinase, bringing about a transient G1 arrest. As a consequence, rum1p levels increase, thus inhibiting and inducing proteolysis of the cdc13p–cdc2p kinase; this is necessary to maintain G1 arrest. We have also shown that pheromone-induced transcription occurs only in G1 and is independent of rum1p.
Stem Cells and Somatic Cells: Reprogramming and Plasticity

Recent seminal discoveries have significantly advanced the field of stem cell research and received worldwide attention. Improvements in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology, enabling the cloning of Dolly the sheep, and the derivation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells raised hopes that normal cells could be generated to replace diseased or injured tissue. At the same time, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that somatic cells of one tissue are capable of generating cells of another tissue. It was theorized that any cell might be reprogrammed, by exposure to a new environment, to become another cell type. This concept contradicts two established hypotheses: (1) that only specific tissues are generated from the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm and (2) that tissue cells arise from a rare population of tissue-specific stem cells in a hierarchical fashion. SCNT, cell fusion experiments, and most recent gene transfer studies also contradict these hypotheses, as they demonstrate that mature somatic cells can be reprogrammed to regain pluripotent (or even totipotent) stem cell capacity. On the basis of the stem cell theory, hierarchical cancer stem cell differentiation models have been proposed. Cancer cell plasticity is an established phenomenon that supports the notion that cellular phenotype and function might be altered. Therefore, mechanisms of cellular plasticity should be exploited and the clinical significance of the cancer stem cell theory cautiously assessed.
Cultural control practices for Fusarium head blight: Problems and solutions

Reduced tillage practices have been adopted worldwide in agriculture. The implementation of conservation tillage, leaving crop residues at the soil surface following the harvest of crops is essential to protect soils vulnerable to erosion, however these practices have contributed directly to the upsurge of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley. While researchers have made significant progress in the identification and incorporation of genetic resistance, and in the identification and delivery of effective fungicides to cereal crops, Fusarium head blight remains a recalcitrant problem. It would seem that we can not reduce the threat of future Fusarium head blight epidemics without addressing the underlying origin of the problem, Fusarium -infested crop residues. Given the limitations of current agricultural practices, we are challenged to find ways to reduce the inoculum potential of Fusarium -infested residues without removing them from the soil surface.
[Effect of thiocyanate, stable iodide and perchlorate on the kinetics of radioiodide transport between thyroid gland and blood of rats].

Equilibration of radioiodide between thyroid and blood was studied in rats fed propylthiouracil with or without subsequent acute administration of thiocjanate, stable iodide or perchlorate. The results were analyzed in terms of Wollman and Reed's open two-compartment model of the thyroidal iodide pump. All three anions examined were found to inhibit thyroidal radioiodide collection predominantly through lowering of the unidirectional clearance of plasma radioiodide by the thyroid, and to a lesser extent by enhancing the exit rate constant of thyroidal radioiodide. These observations are scrutinized for information regarding the anatomical site of the thyroidal iodide pump.
Full wave analysis of infinitely periodic lossy wedges

The volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) is modified to solve the scattering problem of a wedge absorber not only for side incidence but also for forward incidence. The model is assumed to consist of infinitely periodic lossy wedges backed by a perfect conductor. By taking advantage of periodicity in the x-direction and homogeneity in the z-direction of the wedge absorber geometry, the infinite limits on volume and surface integrals are reduced to surface and line integrals, respectively, over only one period. To solve the modified VSIE numerically, a point matching technique is applied. The computer code was checked by calculating the reflection coefficient of a lossy slab backed by a perfect conductor. >
Stratification of anisotropy in the Pacific upper mantle

[1] On the basis of the use of broadband (25–150 s) Rayleigh wave group speeds to estimate the 2ψ component of azimuthal anisotropy, we present evidence for a stratification of anisotropy in the uppermost mantle at large scales across the Pacific basin. We confirm previous surface wave studies that established that the fast axis directions of azimuthal anisotropy for intermediate- and long-period Rayleigh waves approximately align with present-day plate motions. At shorter periods (25–50 s), however, fast axes align nearer to the paleospreading or fossil spreading direction which differs from present-day plate motion in the old Pacific. These observations, as well as observations of the age dependence of the amplitude of azimuthal anisotropy, imply that azimuthal anisotropy in the Pacific upper lithosphere (<100 km depth) is fixed or “fossilized,” on average, reflecting the strain conditions extant during the early evolution of the lithosphere rather than the current ambient flow direction. In the deeper lithosphere and asthenosphere, anisotropic fast axis directions align nearer to present-day plate motions, apparently having reoriented to conform to the current conditions of mantle flow. The mechanism of anisotropy stratification remains unclear, but observations are consistent with the anisotropy of the shallow lithosphere being fixed because the shear flows that can produce dislocation creep and a change in anisotropy will occur at increasing depths as the plate ages.
Subtle velocity dependent postural reorganization in the virtual environment

Virtual environments are becoming popular as a tool for clinical assessment and intervention, but it is not clear whether motor behaviors within such environments are consistent and reliable. We have explored how exposure to a single velocity of optic flow is altered when also exposed to a faster or slower velocity in 23 young healthy adults during quiet standing. Two groups experienced pitch up and pitch down motion of the visual scene at 30 deg/s and either a faster visual scene at 45 deg/s and or a slower visual scene at 15 deg/s. No significant differences in postural sway to 30 deg/s were observed across groups in either the AP direction or the ML direction. This suggests that the postural behavior is velocity dependent and not reorganized as a result of concurrent exposure to differing visual velocities.
PEGylated Liposomal Vancomycin: A Glimmer of Hope for Improving Treatment Outcomes in MRSA Pneumonia

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a significant role in the pandemic of multidrug resistant bacterial infections and is a major cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. MRSA pneumonia carries a high morbidity and mortality rate especially in elderly diabetics with chronic kidney disease. S. aureus is highly virulent and successful respiratory pathogen. Vancomycin and linezolid are the only two antimicrobial agents FDA-approved to treat MRSA pneumonia. Standard vancomycin dosing is associated with high clinical failure rates and higher dosages are associated with increased nephrotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic limitations are major contributors to poor outcomes with vancomycin. New agents are needed to improve treatment outcomes with MRSA pneumonia. Recently released antimicrobials with in vitro activity are not FDA-approved for treating MRSA pneumonia. Other novel agents are being investigated though none are in late-stage development. Pharmaceutical industry perception of low returns on investment, a Sisyphean regulatory environment, and obstacles to patentability have contributed to declining interest in both the development of novel antibiotics and the improvement of existing generic formulations. Despite decades of investigation into liposomal encapsulation as a drug delivery system that would increase efficacy and decrease toxicity, only liposomal amphotericin B and doxorubicin are commercially available. In this article, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a novel PEGylated liposomal vancomycin formulation along with passive targeting and the enhanced permeability and retention effect of liposomal drug delivery; the pathogenesis of MRSA pneumonia; and recent patents of novel anti-MRSA agents, including inhalational liposomal vancomycin, are reviewed.
TMLI: a better TBI or more of the same?

Total body irradiation (TBI) has been an integral component of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation since this treatment modality was pioneered by Dr E. Donald Thomas in the 1970s. 1 Although higher TBI doses are associated with better disease control in patients with myeloid leukemias, the increased risk of TBI-related toxicities negate any potential survival advantage. 2-4 .
Laser Vision Measurement System for Drill Geometry and Its Data Merging Techniques

The vision system based on the triangulation method for measuring 3D geometry of drill is introduced in this paper.The data processing methods of the system are analyzed emphatically which include elimination of the error points in raw measurement data,recognition of characteristic points,data segmentation and data merging method based on optimization.Further more,the principle of building up the 3D model of drill and the parameter measurement methods are discussed.The measurement results are presented.It shows that the system has high measurement accuracy and is able to meet the needs of manufacturing field.
191 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN VIETNAM: INCREMENTAL STEPS TO PREVENT OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE IN FOUNDRY WORKERS.

Vietnam9s economy is rapidly expanding and the metal industry is a large and critical participant. Exposures to workers at Vietnamese foundries (where metal is formed into usable products) are at risk for a number of occupational diseases, such as respiratory disease (ie, silicosis), hearing loss, heat stress, and vibration-induced injuries. The occupational diseases related to the metal industry are so prevalent that the top two most predominant occupational diseases in Vietnam are related to this industry. For over a decade, the Vietnamese government has striven to protect the health of metal workers; however, progress has been gradual due to socioeconomic conditions. We report on the present challenges faced by the Vietnamese National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health (VNIOEH) and their accomplishments in their efforts to decrease the incidence of silicosis in foundry workers. We also share a discussion about possible alternate approaches towards improving the workplace. The hierarchy of exposure control, as it applies to the prevention of worker inhalation of respirable silica, has been widely accepted in the US. The four control approaches are eliminating or substituting sand containing silicon dioxide, engineering controls on dust, administrative controls such as job rotation, and the use of personal protective equipment. These are stated in order of most to least effective. Because of a persistent lack of economic resources put towards worker protection, the Vietnamese have placed much emphasis on workers9 personal responsibility and personal protective equipment. Regarding the former, the VNIOEH has studied foundry workers9 knowledge of occupational health hazards and the Institute has also developed educational programs for workers. Regarding the latter, the VNIOEH has produced two mask designs and has begun to issue them to foundry staff. VNIOEH researchers have begun to dialog with US collaborators about encouraging employers to use measures more valued on the industrial hygiene hierarchy, such as improving ventilation and altering production processes to increase worker safety.
Birth defects and neonatal morbidity caused by teratogen exposure after the embryonic period

Background Pharmaceutical pregnancy exposure registries seek to evaluate temporal associations between drug exposures and adverse outcomes, particularly congenital anomalies. These registries record observed associations that may or may not be causally-related to the exposure. Most major congenital malformations (i.e., structural birth defects) result from abnormal development during embryogenesis. A standardized catalog of defects of concern (colloquially the “BPA Codes”) is used both in public health surveillance programs and pregnancy exposure registries. There are, however, some anomalies that cause significant morbidity and mortality for which isolated second or third trimester exposures may be pathogenically significant. There currently exists no standardized list of defects for which exposure limited to the fetal period may be problematic. Methods The six-digit-code list was used to determine anomalies that might result from medication exposures limited to the fetal period. Results Defects with documented first trimester pathogenesis (e.g., anencephaly, heterotaxy) were eliminated from consideration, as were chromosomal and single gene disorders (e.g., trisomy 21, achondroplasia). The remaining defects include the following: (1) those that are known to or could reasonably originate or manifest after the embryonic period (e.g., porencephaly, cataracts); (2) those for which pathogenesis is unclear or variable enough that exposure at any gestational age might be considered relevant (e.g., club foot, microcephaly); and (3) those that include some component of abnormal growth (e.g., hemihyperplasia). “Unspecified” defects (e.g., “abnormality of the leg”) were included by default because there is insufficient information to assume first trimester embryogenesis. Conclusion The final result is a list of major and minor anomalies in 11 organ system categories that may be caused by teratogen exposure during the fetal period. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair Migration and Aortic Elongation Differentiated Using Dual Reference Point Analysis

Abstract Objective We evaluated images of patients undergoing a thoracic endovascular aortic repair procedure using two reference points as a means for differentiating stent graft migration from aortic elongation. Conventional standards define migration of a stent graft as an absolute change in the distance from the distal graft ring to a distal landmark ≥10 mm compared with a baseline measurement. Aortic elongation occurs over time in both healthy individuals and patients with aortic disease. Aortic elongation in patients with stent grafts may result in increased distal thoracic aortic lengths over time. False-positive stent graft migration would be defined when these patients meet the standard definition for migration, even if the stent has not moved in relation to the elongating aorta. Methods This retrospective study evaluated the aortic length of 23 patients treated with the conformable GORE TAG thoracic endoprosthesis (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz) in three clinical trials (dissection, traumatic injury, and aneurysm). Patients who met the standard definition for migration were selected. A standardized protocol was used to measure aortic centerline lengths, including the innominate artery (IA) to the most distal device ring, the IA to the celiac artery (CA), and the distal ring to the CA. Baseline lengths obtained from the first postoperative image were compared with length measurements obtained from the first interval at which they met the standard definition for migration. The conventional standards for migration using a single reference point were compared with the use of dual reference points. Results Of the 23 patients with endograft changes, 20 were deemed to have aortic elongation rather than true migration. The remaining three patients were deemed to have migration on the basis of the IA to distal ring position compared with the IA to CA length change. The IA to CA interval length change was markedly greater in those with elongation compared with migration (23.8 ± 8.4 mm vs −3.5 ± 5.4 mm, respectively; P Conclusions These results highlight the dynamic changes that can occur in the aorta as a natural consequence of age. Employing two landmarks can account for these changes and proves to be an important factor, among others, in the differentiation of aortic elongation from true stent graft migration.
Facilitating the development of cross-platform software via automated code synthesis from web-based programming resources

Abstract When a mobile application is supported on multiple major platforms, its market penetration is maximized. Such cross-platform native applications essentially deliver the same core functionality, albeit within the conventions of each supported platform. Maintaining and evolving a cross-platform native application is tedious and error-prone, as each modification requires replicating the changes for each of the application׳s platform-specific variants. Syntax-directed source-to-source translation proves inadequate to alleviate the problem, as native API access is always domain-specific. In this paper, we present a novel approach—Native-2-Native—that uses program transformations performed on one platform to automatically synthesize equivalent code blocks to be used on another platform. When a programmer modifies the source version of an application, the changes are captured. Based on the changes, Native-2-Native identifies the semantic content of the source code block and formulates an appropriate query to search for the equivalent target code block using popular web-based programming resources. The discovered target code block is then presented to the programmer as an automatically synthesized target language source file for further fine-tuning and subsequent integration into the mobile application׳s target version. We evaluate the proposed method using common native resources, such as sensors, network access, and canonical data structures. We show that our approach can correctly synthesize more than 74% of iOS code from the provided Android source code and 91% of Android code from the provided iOS source code. The presented approach effectively automates the process of extracting the source code block׳s semantics and discovering existing target examples with the equivalent functionality, thus alleviating some of the most laborious and intellectually tiresome programming tasks in modern mobile development.
Organic electronics: the endless frontier (Conference Presentation)

In this talk, we will discuss recent progress in a range of solid-state devices, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), sensors, organic solar cells, and photodetectors. We will present strategies to modify and stabilize the electronic properties of interfaces that can yield devices with improved performance and longer lifetime. Examples of recent studies to reduce the environmental footprint of this emerging technology will be provided. We will show that these advances can lead to disruptive innovations to address some of the world’s greatest challenges.
Bubble formation and decrepitation control the CO2 content of olivine‐hosted melt inclusions

The CO2 contents of olivine-hosted melt inclusions have previously been used to constrain the depth of magma chambers in basaltic systems. However, the vast majority of inclusions have CO2 contents which imply entrapment pressures that are significantly lower than those obtained from independent petrological barometers. Furthermore, a global database of melt inclusions compositions from low H2O settings, indicates that the distribution of saturation pressures varies surprisingly little between mid-ocean ridges, ocean islands and continental rift zones. 95% of the inclusions in the database have saturation pressures of 200 MPa or less, indicating that melt inclusion CO2, does not generally provide an accurate estimate of magma chamber depths. A model of the P-V-T-X evolution of olivine-hosted melt inclusions was developed so that the properties of the inclusion system could be tracked as the hosts follow a model P-T path. The models indicate that the principal control on the saturation of CO2 in the inclusion and the formation of vapour bubbles is the effect of post-entrapment crystallisation on the major element composition of the inclusions and how this translates into variation in CO2 solubility. The pressure difference between external melt and the inclusion is likely to be sufficiently high to cause decrepitation of inclusions in most settings. Decrepitation can account for the apparent mismatch between CO2-based barometry and other petrological barometers, and can also account for the observed global distribution of saturation pressures. Only when substantial post-entrapment crystallisation occurs can reconstructed inclusion compositions provide an accurate estimate of magma chamber depth. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
New data on hemihedrite from Arizona

Hemihedrite from the Florence Lead-Silver mine in Pinal County, Arizona, USA was first described and assigned the ideal chemical formula Pb 10 Zn(CrO 4 ) 6 (SiO 4 ) 2 F 2 , based upon a variety of chemical and crystal-structure analyses. The primary methods used to determine the fluorine content for hemihedrite were colorimetry, which resulted in values of F that were too high and inconsistent with the structural data, and infrared (IR) spectroscopic analysis that failed to detect OH or H 2 O. Our reinvestigation using electron microprobe analysis of the type material, and additional samples from the type locality, the Rat Tail claim, Arizona, and Nevada, reveals the absence of fluorine, while the presence of OH is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These findings suggest that the colorimetric determination of fluorine in the original description of hemihedrite probably misidentified F due to the interferences from PO 4 and SO 4 , both found in our chemical analyses. As a consequence of these results, the study presented here proposes a redefinition of the chemical composition of hemihedrite to the ideal chemical formula Pb 10 Zn(CrO 4 ) 6 (SiO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 . Hemihedrite is isotypic with iranite with substitution of Zn for Cu, and raygrantite with substitution of Cr for S. Structural data from a sample from the Rat Tail claim, Arizona, indicate that hemihedrite is triclinic in space group P 1, a = 9.4891(7), b = 11.4242(8), c = 10.8155(7) A, α = 120.368(2)°, β = 92.017(3)°, γ = 55.857(2)°, V = 784.88(9) A 3 , Z = 1, consistent with previous investigations. The structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R 1 = 0.022 for 5705 unique observed reflections, and the ideal chemical formula Pb 10 Zn(CrO 4 ) 6 (SiO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 was assumed during the refinement. Electron microprobe analyses of this sample yielded the empirical chemical formula Pb 10.05 (Zn 0.91 Mg 0.02 ) ∑ = 0.93 (Cr 5.98 S 0.01 P 0.01 ) ∑ = 6.00 Si 1.97 O 34 H 2.16 based on 34 O atoms and six (Cr + S + P) per unit cell.
Abstract WP355: Intracerebral Hemorrhage Care in a Stroke Unit is Safe and Associated With Lower Costs

Background: There is little data to support level of care decisions for lower risk intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. The addition of a dedicated stroke unit (SU) at our institution allowed for a comparison of such patients cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU) or SU. We hypothesized that SU care of select ICH patients would not change functional outcome, and result in reduced costs. Methods: Two retrospective cohorts of consecutive patients with small ( Results: There were 104 patients included in the analysis (41 ICU, 63 SU). Mean age, gender and race did not differ significantly between groups. Mean ICH volume was 6cc in the SU group and 8cc in the ICU group (P>.05). Prior antiplatelet use, ICH location, and ICH score did not differ between groups. Intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus were more common in the ICU group (P .05). Median hospital length of stay was 6 days in the ICU group and 3 days in SU group (P Conclusions: This preliminary retrospective study provides support for select low-risk ICH patients to be safely cared for in a lower intensity setting with potential for reducing costs.
Ocular Hypertension in Adults with a History of Prematurity.

Purpose To determine the ocular hypertension (OHT) incidence in patients with a history of prematurity and the effect of intervention for acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infancy on OHT incidence. Design Retrospective case series at a single tertiary referral vitreoretinal practice. Participants A total of 407 eyes of 213 patients were included, with ROP stage 0 to 5. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients aged ≥15 years, seen from 1973 to 2013, with a history of premature birth (gestational age Main Outcome Measures Development of OHT, defined as eyes requiring a glaucoma medication for more than 6 consecutive months or surgical intervention for elevated intraocular pressure. Results Of included eyes, 155 (38.1%) developed OHT within 69 years of follow-up. Subgroup analyses revealed an OHT incidence of 23.2% (36/155 eyes) in eyes without a history of any treatment for acute ROP (spontaneously regressed), 23.3% (10/43 eyes) in eyes that underwent ablative therapy alone, and 58.5% (76/130 eyes) in eyes requiring acute incisional retinal surgery (P Conclusions Patients with a history of extreme prematurity are at an increased risk of OHT and glaucoma, even if they did not receive acute ROP treatment. More severe acute ROP is associated with higher incidence of OHT, and this is associated with an increased incidence of incisional surgical intervention. Awareness of the increased lifelong risk of adverse ocular sequelae in patients with a history of prematurity will help guide appropriate monitoring.
Patterns of Potential Opioid Misuse and Subsequent Adverse Outcomes in Medicare, 2008 to 2012.

Background Providers are increasingly being expected to examine their patients' opioid treatment histories before writing new opioid prescriptions. However, little evidence exists on how patterns of potential opioid misuse are associated with subsequent adverse outcomes nationally. Objective To estimate how a range of patterns of potential opioid misuse relate to adverse outcomes during the subsequent year. Design Observational study comparing outcomes for Medicare enrollees with potential opioid misuse patterns versus those for beneficiaries with no such patterns, adjusting for patient characteristics. Setting Medicare, 2008 to 2012. Patients A 5% sample of beneficiaries who had an opioid prescription without a cancer diagnosis. Measurements Several measures for opioid misuse were defined on the basis of drug quantity, overlapping prescriptions, use of multiple prescribers or pharmacies, and use of out-of-state prescribers or pharmacies. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of opioid overdose in the year after a 6-month index period. Secondary outcomes included subsequent opioid-related or overall mortality. Results Overall, 0.6% to 8.5% of beneficiaries fulfilled a misuse measure. Subsequent opioid overdose was positively associated with successively greater numbers of prescribers or pharmacies or higher opioid quantities during the index period. For example, patients who obtained opioids from 2, 3, or 4 prescribers were increasingly more likely to have an opioid overdose (adjusted absolute risk per 1000 beneficiary-years [aAR], 3.5 [95% CI, 3.3 to 3.7]; 4.8 [CI, 4.5 to 5.2]; or 6.4 [CI, 5.8 to 6.9], respectively) than those with a single prescriber (aAR, 1.9 [CI, 1.8 to 2.0]). Subsequent overdose risk increased meaningfully with any deviation in the single prescriber-single pharmacy opioid use pattern. All misuse measures examined had a positive association with subsequent opioid overdose and death. Limitation Risk estimates provide measures of association and may not generalize to non-Medicare populations. Conclusion To fully assess patients' opioid overdose risk, clinicians should examine a wide range of misuse patterns. Primary funding source National Institutes of Health.
Mechanical Performance of Superconducting Cables Subject to Cyclic Stresses

Mechanical properties of internally-cooled cabled superconductor (ICCS) under cyclic loading were investigated. Conductor strand motion due to the inherent lack of internal strand support in an ICCS, coupled with the strain sensitivity of NbsSn, could lead to premature failure of the Nb3Sn superconductor. A two-step approach was used to study this phenomenon.
The Diagnostic Power of Description

Medical students can make an important difference for their patients by giving clear, accurate, and appropriately detailed descriptions of the key history and physical exam findings on rounds. Careful description can expedite diagnosis and improve patient care. Classic nineteenth-century case reports of axillary arteriovenous aneurysm (Osler) and adhesive pericarditis (Broadbent) show the diagnostic power of description in the pre-diagnostic imaging era. Our current overreliance on imaging has led to a decline in physical exam skills and probably a parallel decline in the description of physical findings. The importance of careful description in the diagnosis of aortic stenosis, neurogenic claudication, Lyme disease, and several other conditions is demonstrated in a series of brief case vignettes. Use of standard medical terminology can be helpful, but there is always room for creativity in clinical description.
Geochemical modelling for mine site characterization and remediation

Although substantial advances in geochemical modelling have improved our ability to understand and improve mine site characterization and remediation, the limitations of modelling are often underappreciated. Modelers must have expertise in chemistry, geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology. Those who use codes must understand inorganic chemistry, thermodynamics, and kinetics for water-rock interactions. They must understand that code output is only useful insofar as they understand the limitations of the database and the built-in assumptions. A brief overview of geochemical code development in this paper reveals strengths and weaknesses in modelling capability. Because early predictions of water quality after mine closure often bear little resemblance to actual conditions, this approach should not be relied upon for permitting. Complex large-scale mine sites are not readily amenable to future predictions of hydrogeochemical conditions through modelling, however, modelling can constrain the possible and probable processes that give rise to specific water compositions. Modelling can also help guide remediation planning to find the most cost-effective alternative. Examples are provided for the Questa, New Mexico natural background study, the Summitville Mine, Colorado, and the Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona acid-contaminated aquifer.
Non-Invasive Remote Temperature Monitoring Using Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Imaging

Non-invasive temperature monitoring of tissue at depth in real-time is critical to hyperthermia therapies such as high-intensity focused ultrasound. Knowledge of temperature allows for monitoring treatment as well as providing real-time feedback to adjust deposited power in order to maintain safe and effective temperatures. Microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) imaging, which combines the conductivity/dielectric contrast of microwave imaging with the resolution of ultrasound, shows potential for estimating temperature non-invasively in real-time by indirectly measuring the temperature dependent parameters from reconstructed images. In this work, we study the temperature dependent behavior of the generated pressure in the TA effect and experimentally demonstrate simultaneous imaging and temperature monitoring using TA imaging. The proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate millimeter spatial resolution while achieving degree-level accuracy.
Dietary therapy as a treatment option for dogs with chronic enteropathies.

Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) signs result in high rates of morbidity in dogs, with mortality ranging from less than 20 per cent to greater than 50 per cent,1-4 depending on the disease process. After excluding aetiologies such as extra-GI disease, GI parasites, infiltrative fungal disease and neoplasia, the majority of dogs fall under the umbrella diagnosis of ‘chronic enteropathy’ (CE). Although the pathogenesis of CE is currently unknown, it is likely to be multifactorial – including the interaction of the enteric immune system with normal or pathogenic GI microbiota, by-products of GI microbiota metabolism or dietary antigens, as well as genetic factors. GI biopsies are required to confirm the presence of inflammation and reach a diagnosis of CE. However, the type of inflammation visualised on biopsy samples does not predict response to treatment,1 and obtaining GI biopsies may be cost-prohibitive for some owners. Therefore, data are needed to guide empirical treatments for individual dogs. Within the spectrum of CE, dogs are often classified, based on response to treatment, as having food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), antibiotic-responsive enteropathy or steroid-responsive enteropathy. A significant proportion of dogs with CE are food-responsive, with reported response rates to dietary therapy of between 60 and 88 per …
The Impact of Online Lower-Level Courses on World Language Learners’ Self-Perceptions, Mindset and Willingness to Communicate

The increase in online course offerings in various educational settings provides many advantages, providing more flexible and convenient access to information and communication. Since sociocultural theory posits that each social experience, including those online, is constructed by its participants, it is important to consider the psychological and social impact of such courses, particularly on lower-level world language learners. This study, using an anonymous survey, explored how students described their online class experiences, as well as the pros and cons of online learning. It also considered the influences of online lower-level world language classes on their growth mindset as language learners and their overall willingness to communicate (WTC). Results suggest that any online interaction must be productive and user-friendly, with a definitive teacher and peer presence to be considered successful.
Understanding the Elements of Maternal Protection from Systemic Bacterial Infections during Early Life

Late-onset sepsis (LOS) and other systemic bloodstream infections are notable causes of neonatal mortality, particularly in prematurely born very low birth weight infants. Breastfeeding in early life has numerous health benefits, impacting the health of the newborn in both the short-term and in the long-term. Though the known benefits of an exclusive mother's own milk diet in early life have been well recognized and described, it is less understood how breastfed infants enjoy a potential reduction in risk of LOS and other systemic infections. Here we review how gut residing pathogens within the intestinal microbiota of infants can cause a subset of sepsis cases and the components of breastmilk that may prevent the dissemination of pathogens from the intestine.
Perceptions of Physical Activity in African American Older Adults on Hemodialysis: Themes From Key Informant Interviews.

Abstract Objective To determine key themes underlying the perceptions of older (≥65y) adults on hemodialysis regarding physical activity using qualitative methodology. Design Semistructured key informant interviews. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Convenience sample of older adults on hemodialysis (N=10). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using the framework method to extract themes and subthemes. Participants also answered Likert statements regarding their perceptions of physical activity, and the responses were tallied. Results Ten older adults on hemodialysis participated (mean age 73±5y; 60% women); all were African American. All participants stated physical activity would make them feel better. The major themes that emerged were barriers and facilitators. Facilitators included internal motivators, family and friend support, and feasibility of incorporating physical activity into routine activities. Barriers were lack of motivation, health issues, and environmental restrictions. Conclusions Physical activity potentially could prevent the physical decline commonly seen in older adults on hemodialysis. Yet information regarding the perceptions of this population toward physical activity is sparse. Although the study is limited by selection bias, our study presents qualitative evidence that black older adults on hemodialysis desire physical activity for their health. Future interventions to increase physical activity in this population should consider leveraging existing facilitators, such as the support of family and friends, and use strategies to address barriers like minimal motivation.
Novel agents for the treatment of polycythemia vera: an insight into preclinical research and early phase clinical trials.

Current treatment for polycythemia vera (PV) is limited and primarily targets thrombosis risk. Agents targeting distinct mechanisms of action within myeloproliferation are undergoing clinical evalu...
Association between physical activity and mental health among first responders with different service roles.

Objective: Studies suggest that physical activity (PA) improves psychological recovery in trauma-exposed populations like first responders. However, trauma exposure varies among first responders in relation to their unique service roles and duties. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction effect of service role (traditional vs. emotional support first responders) and PA on mental health outcomes. Method: Traditional (n = 133) and emotional support (n = 31) first responders completed assessments of physical activity level, along with mental health outcome measures (posttraumatic stress disorder, secondary traumatic stress [STS], burnout, compassion satisfaction, and depression, anxiety, and stress [DAS]). Multiple regression models, controlling for social desirability and stress exposure, were used to examine service role as a moderator of the relationship between PA and mental health outcomes. Results: First responder role (traditional vs. emotional support) moderated the relationship between PA and STS (β = .20, p = .04) and DAS (β = .24, p = .01). Although not predictive for traditional first responders, higher PA was surprisingly associated with higher STS (trend level, β = .17, p = .06) and DAS (β = .19, p = .03) for emotional support first responders. Conclusions: Findings revealed differential responding to PA among first responder subgroups, which suggests that first responders in different service roles may have unique patterns of response to stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Trajectory Tracking Controller Testing in Software in the Loop Environment

The future of the automotive industry is about self-driving cars, in the recent years, numerous studies has been done on the future development of autonomous vehicles. The increase can already be seen on the streets as well. Big corporations testing their latest algorithms on the highway, autonomous features like automated parking, lane keeping algorithms, ADAS (advanced driver assistance system) appearing on the newest cars and so on.
Experimental Study on Heat Distribution of High-Voltage Cable Terminals under Operating Conditions

The insulation failure of the outdoor terminal of the high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has a significant impact on the operation stability of the power grid. Effective evaluation of its thermal state is of great significance to predicting its insulation failure. The paper uses infrared thermal imaging to analyse the thermal field distribution characteristics of the outdoor terminal surface under different ambient temperatures. Test results, theoretical calculations and simulation results all show that the thermal steady-state temperature of the inner and outer layers of the sheath shows a non-linear increase with the increase of the current carrying capacity of the cable, which verifies the correctness of the model, so this model can be used to predict And analyse the temperature distribution of the actual 10kV cable cold shrink terminal at the thermal steady state.
#MeToo, Wrongs Against Women, and Restorative Justice

This article considers the allegations that have surfaced against high-profile perpetrators as a sample of the range of accusations raised generally through the #MeToo movement and analyzes the current responses available to redress the wrongs identified. The civil and criminal justice systems provide legal responses to sexual assault and harassment; social media and traditional media have also come to play a responsive role in this movement. The article considers the efficacy of both systems in delivering the resolutions we seek and analyzes the pros and cons of media justice and its potential for delivering just and desirable outcomes for victims and society alike. Finally, it turns to the potential of restorative justice, a therapeutic form of dispute resolution that has enormous potential for eliciting the outcomes we seek from wrongs surfaced in the #MeToo movement and those gender-based workplace wrongs that will continue to plague our country until further progress is made toward true gender-equality, respect, and understanding.
Predictors of progression through the cascade of care to a cure for hepatitis C patients using decision trees and random forests

Abstract Background This study uses machine learning techniques to identify sociodemographic and clinical predictors of progression through the hepatitis C (HCV) cascade of care for patients in the 1945–1965 birth cohort in the Southern United States. Methods We compared sociodemographic and clinical variables between groups of patients for three care outcomes: linkage to care, initiation of antiviral treatment, and virologic cure. A decision tree model and random forest model were built for each outcome. Results Patients were primarily male, African American/Black or Caucasian/White, non-Hispanic or Latino, and insured. The average age at first HCV screening was 60 years old, and common medical diagnoses included chronic kidney disease, fibrosis and/or cirrhosis, transplanted liver, diabetes mellitus, and liver cell carcinoma. Variables used in predicting linkage to care included age at first HCV screening, insurance at first HCV screening, race, fibrosis and/or cirrhosis, other liver disease, ascites, and transplanted liver. Variables used in predicting initiation of antiviral treatment included insurance at first HCV screening, gender, other liver cancer, steatosis, and liver cell carcinoma. Variables used in predicting virologic cure included insurance at first HCV screening, transplanted liver, and ethnicity. Conclusion These patients have a high hepatic health burden, likely reflecting complications of untreated HCV and highlighting the urgency to cure HCV in this birth cohort. We found differences in HCV care outcomes based on sociodemographic and clinical variables. More work is needed to understand the mechanisms of these differences in care outcomes and to improve HCV care.