cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transfer of motor skill between virtual reality viewed using a head-mounted display and conventional screen environments.

Virtual reality viewed using a head-mounted display (HMD-VR) has the potential to be a useful tool for motor learning and rehabilitation. However, when developing tools for these purposes, it is important to design applications that will effectively transfer to the real world. Therefore, it is essential to understand whether motor skills transfer between HMD-VR and conventional screen-based environments and what factors predict transfer. We randomized 70 healthy participants into two groups. Both groups trained on a well-established measure of motor skill acquisition, the Sequential Visual Isometric Pinch Task (SVIPT), either in HMD-VR or in a conventional environment (i.e., computer screen). We then tested whether the motor skills transferred from HMD-VR to the computer screen, and vice versa. After the completion of the experiment, participants responded to questions relating to their presence in their respective training environment, age, gender, video game use, and previous HMD-VR experience. Using multivariate and univariate linear regression, we then examined whether any personal factors from the questionnaires predicted individual differences in motor skill transfer between environments. Our results suggest that motor skill acquisition of this task occurs at the same rate in both HMD-VR and conventional screen environments. However, the motor skills acquired in HMD-VR did not transfer to the screen environment. While this decrease in motor skill performance when moving to the screen environment was not significantly predicted by self-reported factors, there were trends for correlations with presence and previous HMD-VR experience. Conversely, motor skills acquired in a conventional screen environment not only transferred but improved in HMD-VR, and this increase in motor skill performance could be predicted by self-reported factors of presence, gender, age and video game use. These findings suggest that personal factors may predict who is likely to have better transfer of motor skill to and from HMD-VR. Future work should examine whether these and other predictors (i.e., additional personal factors such as immersive tendencies and task-specific factors such as fidelity or feedback) also apply to motor skill transfer from HMD-VR to more dynamic physical environments.
Preference Assessments, Choice, and Quality of Life for People with Significant Disabilities

This chapter will be presented in three parts. First, we will briefly describe various preference assessments that can be used with people who, for whatever reason, cannot tell us what they prefer. Second, we will discuss how the results from preference assessments can be used not only to teach new skills but also to improve overall quality of life. Finally, we will discuss not only why knowing what someone prefers is not sufficient, but rather why using that information to provide meaningful, high-quality choices should always be a targeted outcome of conducting preference assessments.
Abstract 235: A Joint Cardiometabolic Program: An Innovative Approach to Providing Care for High-Risk Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: There are over 400 million adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide. Diabetes is associated with multiple vascular complications; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) an...
Evaluation of Bias Associated with High Multiplex Target-Specific Pre-Amplification

We developed a novel PCR-based pre-amplification (PreAmp) technology that can increase the abundance of over 350 target genes one million-fold. To assess potential bias introduced by PreAmp we utilized ERCC RNA reference standards, a model system that quantifies measurement error in RNA analysis. We assessed three types of bias: amplification bias, dynamic range bias and fold-change bias. We show that our PreAmp workflow introduces only minimal amplification and fold-change bias under stringent conditions. We do detect dynamic range bias if a target gene is highly abundant and PreAmp occurred for 16 or more PCR cycles; however, this type of bias is easily correctable. To assess PreAmp bias in a gene expression profiling experiment, we analyzed a panel of genes that are regulated during differentiation using the NTera2 stem cell model system. We find that results generated using PreAmp are similar to results obtained using standard qPCR (without the pre-amplification step). Importantly, PreAmp maintains patterns of gene expression changes across samples; the same biological insights would be derived from a PreAmp experiment as with a standard gene expression profiling experiment. We conclude that our PreAmp technology can facilitate analysis of extremely limited samples in gene expression quantification experiments.
Mechanisms of enhanced TRAIL, CD86, and CD40 expression by plasmacytoid dendritic cells from HIV-infected subjects (VIR5P.1027)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are critical in viral immunity via their production of IFN-α and presentation of antigen. In HIV+ subjects, pDC decline impairs immune defense, while chronic in vivo stimulation of pDC contributes to immune activation. Here, we aimed to further explore pDC dysfunction in HIV+ subjects. We confirmed that pDC from HIV+ subjects have increased TRAIL, CD86, and CD40 expression compared to healthy donors. pDC from both HIV+ and healthy subjects upregulated TRAIL, CD86, and CD40 in response to overnight HIV- and HSV-stimulation. However, pDC from HIV+ subjects with CD4 >200 showed increased TRAIL, CD86, and CD40 upregulation compared to healthy donors and HIV+ subjects with CD4 <200. pDC from healthy donors were then used to explore how expression of these molecules occurs. Inhibition of endosomal acidification blocked TRAIL, CD86, and CD40 in virus-stimulated pDC. TLR7 inhibition in HIV-stimulated pDC partially inhibited this expression. While TLR9 blockage also inhibited CD40 expression by HSV-stimulated pDC, there was no effect on CD86 and TRAIL. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-α were able to enhance TRAIL expression by HIV-stimulated pDC. Despite upregulation of CD86, HIV- stimulated pDC from healthy donors were poor inducers of allogeneic CD4 T cell expansion. We conclude that pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with TLR signaling, “prime” pDC in HIV-infected individuals to express TRAIL, CD86, and CD40.
The nature of crime : Is cheating necessary for cooperation?

The classical social theorist Emile Durkheim proposed the counterintuitive thesis that crime is beneficial for society because it provokes punishment, which enhances social solidarity. His logic, however, is blemished by a reified view of society that leads to group-selectionist thinking and a teleological account of the causes of crime. Reconceptualization of the relationship between crime and punishment in terms of evolutionary game theory, however, suggests that crime (cheating) may confer benefits on cooperating individuals by promoting stability in their patterns of cooperation.
Enterprise Resources Planning

Enterprise resource planning systems are computer systems that link application software in sales, order management, manufacturing, finance, accounting, human resources, distribution, and other functions in a firm into a tightly integrated single system with shared data and visibility across the business. Keywords: e-business; manufacturing resources planning; material requirements planning
School leaders’ readiness for systemic change in Kansas schools

The demands of a changing society have placed enormous demands on schools to change to meet these demands. Technological changes over the past 25 years have impacted society and subsequently the educational environment. Requirements for accountability in meeting the needs of all students, coupled with the demands of a digital society require a change in the system of education. Some school leaders are committed to implementing needed changes. They understand the potential and role of information and communication technology, when it is coupled with a focus on learning, for developing a capacity for relevant change, while others do not. This study examines the perceptions of school leaders who continue to be involved in systemic change initiatives in the state of Kansas. The focus of this study was to determine the characteristics, activities, and behaviors that prepared them to accept their change leadership role and take action for change. The researcher designed a qualitative study that included the data collection strategies of document review, personal interviews, and focus groups to collect the perceptions of school leaders who participated in the Kansas Alliance for 21st Century Leaders (KATCL) initiative. Data were unitized and analyzed using the constant comparative data analysis process. The conclusions of the study were presented in the form of a model describing leaders learning to change. The model emphasized that in order for change to occur leadership and learning were required. The title of the model, Leaders Learning to Change, or, the L2C Model provides a summary of the essence of this research. Recommendations for future research concluded the discussion.
Just What is Skillful Teaching

Teaching, like many other professions, is an art process and not a scientific process. Skillful teaching cannot be standardized or made into a scientific process of general laws. As the pendulum has been swinging toward more focus on teaching and less emphasis on research and publications at many universities throughout the United States and other countries during the past few years, now would be a good time to seek ways in which the art of teaching can be improved for current and potential professors. The authors take a look at some teaching styles that currently exist and then make some suggestions as to how professors may want to alter their styles and techniques. The authors, who have 69 years of teaching experience, also make some suggestions on how future professors can be better prepared for a teaching career.
Learning Coupled Prior Shape and Appearance Models for Segmentation

We present a novel framework for learning a joint shape and appearance model from a large set of un-labelled training examples in arbitrary positions and orientations. The shape and intensity spaces are unified by implicitly representing shapes as “images” in the space of distance transforms. A stochastic chord-based matching algorithm is developed to align photo-realistic training examples under a common reference frame. Then dense local deformation fields, represented using the cubic B-spline based Free Form Deformations (FFD), are recovered to register the training examples in both shape and intensity spaces. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied on the FFD control lattices to capture the variations in shape as well as on registered object interior textures. We show examples where we have built coupled shape and appearance prior models for the left ventricle and whole heart in short-axis cardiac tagged MR images, and used them to delineate the heart chambers in noisy, cluttered images. We also show quantitative validation on the automatic segmentation results by comparing to expert solutions.
Neurologic Disorders of the Larynx

Part 1 Physiology: anatomy of the larynx laryngeal sensory receptors laryngeal motor innervation peripheral motor innervation of the larynx electrophysiology of the larynx. Part 2 Clinical evaluation: measuring vocal fold movement clinical laryngeal electromyography physical examination of the larynx and videolaryngoscopy aerodynamic measurements of vocal function spirometry and flow volume loops laryngeal dysfunction in sleep acoustic assessment of vocal function stroboscopic examination of the normal larynx videolaryngostroboscopy for evaluation of laryngeal disorders a clinical approach to the professional voice. Part 3 Diseases and treatment: speech therapy for neurologic disorders of the larynx paralysis and paresis of the vocal folds phonosurgery swallowing disorders and aspiration treatment of spasmodic dysphonia (laryngeal dystonia) pyramidal disease (strokes) neuromuscular disorders of the larynx movement disorders speech disorders in cerebellar degeneration studied with positron emission tomography.
Ground state correlations and mean field in 16 O. II. Effects of a three-nucleon interaction

We continue the investigations of the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ ground state using the coupled-cluster expansion $[\mathrm{exp}(\mathbf{S})]$ method with realistic nuclear interaction. In this stage of the project, we take into account the three nucleon interaction, and examine in some detail the definition of the internal Hamiltonian, thus trying to correct for the center-of-mass motion. We show that this may result in a better separation of the internal and center-of-mass degrees of freedom in the many-body nuclear wave function. The resulting ground state wave function is used to calculate the ``theoretical'' charge form factor and charge density. Using the ``theoretical'' charge density, we generate the charge form factor in the DWBA picture, which is then compared with the available experimental data. The longitudinal response function in inclusive electron scattering for ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ is also computed.
Visual Modules for Head Gesture Analysis in Intelligent Vehicle Systems

In this paper a coarse-to-fine system framework for analyzing the head gesture is presented. We discuss several important modules from computer vision aspects, including the pose-invariant face detection, face tracking, pose determination and high-resolution image reconstruction for eye pupils detection. Visual cues using intensity images obtained from in-car cameras are explored. A pose-invariant face detection algorithm is used to get the initial face area; afterwards face tracking and validation step is proposed to segment the face region for pose determination. The algorithm is tested on the drivers images under natural driving conditions. Experimental results show that the algorithm is robust to the head pose changes as well as the illumination changes. In this system framework, we propose that when coarse analysis utilizing the head pose alone is not sufficient for driver's behavior analysis, a finer analysis based on the eye gaze tracking is used, which requires images with sufficient resolution. A novel super-resolution reconstruction algorithm is proposed to help reveal more facial details, so as to facilitate the pupil detection. Experiment on the synthesis data shows the effectiveness of the super-resolution reconstruction algorithm.
A Heterosexual Mehler Formula for the Straight Hermite Polynomials (A La Foata)

The celebrated Foata combinatorial model for Hermite polynomials, and his seminal and beautiful proof of the Mehler formula, are straightened to deal with two sexes rather than one, with the exclusion of same-sex relationships (both marital and non-marital).
Technology Corner: Calculating the Number of Android Lock Patterns: An Unfinished Study in Number Theory

Although one is unlikely to ever want to brute-force an Android lock pattern, many do wonder about the relative strength of the lock pattern versus a multi-digit personal identification number (PIN). It becomes obvious pretty quickly that there are many more lock patterns than the 10,000 possible four-digit PINs. (see PDF for full technology corner)
Hirnstimulationsverfahren bei Therapieresistenz

In der Psychiatrie besteht ein dringender Bedarf an wirksamen Behandlungsstrategien fur Patienten mit therapieresistenten Depressionen. Die Elektrokrampftherapie (EKT), die seit fast 70 Jahren angewandt wird, hat trotz standiger technischer Verbesserungen zwei grundlegende Nachteile: eine hohe Ruckfallsquote und zum Teil ausgepragte kognitive Nebenwirkungen. Aktuell werden vier physikalische Hirnstimulationsmethoden schwerpunktmasig als potenzielle Behandlungsmethoden von therapieresistenten Depressionen untersucht: die transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS), die Magnetkrampftherapie (MKT), die Vagusnervstimulation (VNS) und die tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS). Sie werden zurzeit nur in Einzelfallen auserhalb von wissenschaftlichen Studien angewendet; ihre klinische Wirksamkeit und die Wirkmechanismen mussen weiter untersucht werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt den aktuellen Wissensstand zu Hirnstimulationsverfahren auf und beschreibt mogliche Weiterentwicklungen.
Liver and red-cell porphobilinogen synthase in the adult and fetal guinea pig.

Abstract Studies were undertaken to compare adult and fetal guinea pig liver and red-cell porphobilinogen synthase (EC 4.2.1.24). Specific activities of the enzyme from both liver and red-cell sources are higher in the fetus than in the adult. Age-activity profiles for the enzyme from both tissue sources are described. Porphobilinogen synthase from adult and fetal liver and red blood cells was purified utilizing discontinuous preparative disc gel electrophoresis as the final purification step. The enzyme preparations behave identically on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. They have the same electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point and pH optimum. Equivalent Km values are observed in the presence or absence of glutathione. Differences in inhibitory patterns between the various enzyme preparations are demonstrated by studies of inhibition by hemin, lead acetate and HgCl2. Double-reciprocal plots for each of these inhibitors indicate certain kinetic differences between the adult and fetal liver and red-cell enzymes. These differences are abolished by the addition of reduced glutathione, in the presence of which inhibition is noncompetitive for all the enzyme preparations. Certain inhibitory properties of guinea pig porphobilinogen synthase have been shown to change as a function of age and tissue source, and an effect of added glutathione upon enzyme inhibition in vitro has been shown.
Materials science: Graphene moire mystery solved?

In systems consisting of just a few layers of graphene, the relative orientation of adjacent layers depends on the material's preparation method. Light has now been shed on the relationship between stacking arrangement and electronic properties.
Multiphase hydrodynamic analysis of pneumatic transportation ofdrill cuttings in air drilling

Abstract Analysis of wellbore hydraulics is motivated by the need for improved understanding of this system so as to enhance air drilling operation. A viable wellbore hydraulics model is utilized as the basis for this study. Several important parameters that influence air drilling operations are analyzed, such as drill cutting size and size distribution, hole size changes, attrition, and particle shape. This work defines several areas that need special investigation and sheds light on several previously unanswered questions. The most salient findings are that hole size changes, cuttings size and size distribution and particle shape affect the wellbore hydraulics very significantly. The analysis leads to the evolution of a clear explanation for choking in air drilling.
The invariant chain of murine Ia antigens: its glycosylation, abundance and subcellular localization.

Abstract The properties of the invariant Ia antigen-associated polypeptide chain (I i ) have been examined. Two-dimensional gel analysis of Ia antigens immunoprecipitated from tunicamycin-treated murine spleen cells has been employed to identify the non-glycosylated polypeptide precursors for I i as well as for the I-A and I-E Subregion controlled chains. The results indicate that I i contains two N-linked carbohydrate units. Evidence is also presented that I i does not bind adventitiously to Ia during extraction procedures and that a pool of free I i may exist in the cell which is not bound to the polymorphic chains. Immunoprecipitation of Ia antigens from only the cell surface-expressed subset of Ia molecules or from isolated plasma membrane shows I i to be absent from these preparations. Since I i is found in cellular membranes but not free in the cytosol, it seems likely that I i is associated with the polymorphic Ia chains in the intracellular membranes but not on the cell surface.
Pattern recognition for biomedical imaging and image-guided diagnosis

Pattern recognition techniques can potentially be used to quantitatively analyze a wide variety of biomedical images. A challenge in applying this methodology is that biomedical imaging uses many imaging modalities and subjects. Pattern recognition relies on numerical image descriptors (features) to describe image content. Thus, the application of pattern recognition to biomedical imaging requires the development of a wide variety of image features. In this study we compared the efficacy of different techniques for constructing large feature spaces. A two-stage method was employed where several types of derived images were used as inputs for a bank of feature extraction algorithms. Image pyramids, subband filters, and image transforms were used in the first-stage. The feature bank consisted of polynomial coefficients, textures, histograms and statistics as previously described [1]. The basis for comparing the performance of these feature sets was the biological imaging benchmark described in [2]. Our results show that a set of image transforms (Fourier, Wavelet, Chebyshev) performed significantly better than a set of image filters (image pyramids, sub-band filters, and spectral decompositions). The transform technique was used to analyze images of H&E-stained tissue biopsies from two cancers: lymphoma (three types of malignancies) and melanoma (benign, primary, and five secondary tumor sites). The overall classification accuracy for these cancer data sets was 97%.
Putting legacy data on the Web: a repository definition language

Abstract The objective of InfoHarness is to provide integrated and rapid access to huge amounts of heterogeneous legacy information through WWW browsers. This is achieved with the help of metadata that contains information about the type, representation, and location of physical data. The proposed InfoHarness Repository Definition Language (IRDL) aims to simplify the metadata generation process. It provides high flexibility in associating typed logical information units with portions of physical data and in defining relationships between these units. The proposed stable abstract class hierarchy provides support for statements of the language that introduce new data types, as well as new indexing technologies.
Building a set of standards for use of regression in the journal of broadcasting & electronic media

Our use of regression has evolved over the last quarter century, much of which should be applauded. This article is meant to begin the process of setting standards for using regression in JOBEM while still allowing room for the evolution to continue. Some uses of regression are commendable — such as the increased use of hierarchical regression. Other practices are inconsistent, and some practices — such as ignoring assumptions — may need to change. Precise use of regression still does not make up for poor study design or measurement.
Particularism in Control Over Monetary Resources at Work An Analysis of Racioethnic Differences in the Authority Outcomes of Black, White, and Latino Men

Prominent explanations from the sociological and management literatures are used to formulate expectations regarding group differences in the acquisition of control over monetary resources at work between White, Black, and Latino men. Data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality show a large net racial gap between Black and White men in the odds of controlling monetary resources but no net authority gap between White and Latino men. Workplace diversity, in the form of racial and ethnic heterogeneity between coworkers and supervisors, does not impede the authority chances of White men, but having a female supervisor does. Moreover, consistent with the particularistic manipulation hypothesis, there is evidence that the processes leading to control over monetary resources differ significantly between White and minority men, but the relative strength of support for this hypothesis varies in a manner that represents a clear racioethnic hierarchy in authority opportunities. The implications of these findi...
Death or neurologic injury after tonsillectomy in children with a focus on obstructive sleep apnea: houston, we have a problem!

BACKGROUND:Obesity is epidemic in the United States and with it comes an increased incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Evidence regarding opioid sensitivity as well as recent descriptions of deaths after tonsillectomy prompted a survey of all members of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia r
Climatic and human history in Europe and Latin America: An opportunity for comparative study

Motivated by environmental concerns, a few historians have reaffirmed that history is more than relationships among people; it involves human beings interacting with their environment. Some investigators of European history have given consideration to the effects of climate variations on human history. Preliminary examination of historic documents available for Latin America suggest that a time series of climate variations could also be reconstructed for at least the last 400 years. These preliminary data suggest that the general economic and social crises that prevailed in Europe during the Little Ice Age have parallels in Latin America. Such a concurrence of economic and social trends for these regions seems to reflect the influence of the general adverse climate prevailing during this time. Clearly, an opportunity exists for historians and climatologists to reconstruct the past climate of Latin America and compare these records with other parts of the world to establish the timing, length and magnitude of climate fluctuations over periods of human history.
Lead Fracture: Incidence, Diagnosis and Preventing Inappropriate ICD Therapy

In the last decade,multiple prospectivemulticenter studies have shown a survival benefit with implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) therapy in patients with impaired left ventricular function as well as in patients with a high risk of ventricular arrhythmias such as Brugada syndrome, severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. This has resulted in an increase in the number of ICD implantations for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Accurate and effective ICD function is predicated on sensing intracardiac electrical activity and subsequent appropriate interpretation by device algorithms. Ventricular sensing is the process by which pacemakers and ICDs identify electrical signals representing ventricular depolarization as local intracardiac electrograms (EGMs). Sensing of signals that donot represent local depolarizations is referred to as “oversensing”. Ventricular oversensing may be caused by signals from either an ICD lead fracture or connection issues or physiologic signals (eg, T-waves, myopotentials) or electromagnetic interference. Oversensing is responsible for approximately one-third of inappropriate shocks during long-term follow-up of ICD patients. Inappropriate shocks not only cause significant psychological and physical distress
Analysis and frequency of bovine lymphocyte antigen DRB3.2 alleles in Jersey cows.

Abstract Jersey cows (n = 172) were genotyped for the bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3.2 allele by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Bovine DNA was isolated from aliquots of whole blood. A two-step polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with restriction endonucleases Rsa I, Bsty I, and Hae III was conducted on the DNA from Jersey cattle. Twenty-four BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles were identified with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 22.9%. Thirteen allele types were similar to those reported previously; and 11 were new allele types that have not been reported previously. Allele types reported previously include: BoLA-DRB3.2*2, *8, *10, *15, *17, *20, *21, *22, *23, *25, *28, *36, and *37. Their frequencies were 0.3, 11.3, 22.9, 13.6, 5.5, 3.7, 10.7, 3.5, 0.9, 0.3, 4.7, 9.3, and 0.9%, respectively. Of the new allele types detected, *ibe occurred at the highest frequency (6.1%) in Jersey cows from this herd. The six most frequently isolated alleles (BoLA-DRB3.2 *8, *10, *15, *21, *36, and *ibe) accounted for 73.9% of the alleles in the population of this herd. Results of this study demonstrate that the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus is highly polymorphic in Jersey cattle.
THEORY OF SUPERFLUIDITY.

A new structure for the microscopic theory of superfluid helium is presented which is motivated by analogy with coherent radiation of ideal lasers and with the BCS theory of superconductivity. The concept of off-diagonal long-range order is employed to put these three phenomena on a common basis. The unifying concept is that the ground state is that which completely factors the reduced density matrix appropriate to the "basic group." It is shown how the model predicted by this motivation can also be derived from the microscopic Hamiltonian by a quasiparticle self-consistent-field approximation. The superfluid ground state can be viewed as energy-lowering "coherent" excitations of the normal fluid. The normal and superfluid components are the direct analog of "noise" and "signal" in partially coherent radiation fields.
Investigating Parental Acceptability of the Incredible Years Self-Administered Parent Training Program for Children Presenting Externalizing Behavior Problems

This study takes an in-depth look at parental acceptability (i.e., the ability to meet parent needs) of an intervention that has shown strong empirical support for treating and preventing childhood conduct disorder. The authors obtained acceptability data from 30 parents of children ages 5 to 12 years presenting externalizing behavior problems through completion of the Treatment Evaluation Questionnaire-Parent Form and the Incredible Years Parent Program Video Evaluation Form. The Incredible Years Self-Administered Parent Training Program was implemented over 8 weeks with the majority of participants showing improvement. Study results indicated that the Incredible Years Self-Administered Parent Training Program was found to be acceptable with a significant difference in level of acceptability between Video Series 2 and 3. Given the ease of dissemination and acceptable nature of this parent training program, future research on this evidence-based intervention is warranted within a school-based mental healt...
Implementation of a Control-Oriented Electro-Thermal Battery Pack Model Using Modelica

Control oriented battery pack models can be very useful in the context of electrified vehicle development because such models can be used to develop the battery management system, which is a broad term that encompasses everything from thermal management and charge balancing to state of charge estimation. In this paper, a control oriented battery pack model is developed using the Modelica modeling environment. This model combines a Randle equivalent circuit representation with an lumped parameter thermal model for each cell to provide simultaneously the electrical and thermal variations among the cells. Modelica differs from modeling environment such as Simulink because it offers non-causal modeling, which handles both differential and algebraic equations. The resulting implementation is both scalable and flexible to accomodate any pack size, geometry, and connection. As part of the future work, supporting architectures such as the charge balancing system and thermal management system can be added to the pack model to simulate the complete pack operation.Copyright © 2012 by General Motors
Broken symmetries in a one-dimensional half-filled band with arbitrarily long-range Coulomb interactions.

Resultat nouveau sur les symetries brisees dans une bande a moitie remplie unidimensionnelle avec interaction coulombienne
The demographic profile of socially responsible investors

Purpose – Given the size and growing importance of socially responsible (SR)‐related funds and investments, the purpose of this paper is to see if those who invest in socially responsible investments (SRIs) conform to a particular profile and if that profile is significantly different than that of a typical investor.Design/methodology/approach – This study surveyed a large group of US‐based, well‐informed, individual investors, members of the American Association of Individual Investors. The survey respondents included both those who invest according to SRI principles, and those with no interest in SRI, to determine if demographic differences exist.Findings – The paper finds that the typical SR investor is female and more likely to be single, younger, less wealthy, and better educated than their non‐SR counterparts.Research limitations/implications – Further research is needed to determine if the higher risk aversion of women and their greater concern for the environment found in previous studies is respo...
81mKr gas and 99mTc-MAA V/Q ratio images for detection of V/Q mismatches.

Methods for creating ventilation/perfusion ratio images have been reported previously using radioxenon. With the availability of 81mKr gas, corresponding ventilation and perfusion views in multiple projections to evaluate for V/Q mismatch may be performed more readily. A technique for the creation of a functional V/Q ratio image to highlight V/Q mismatches to aid in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism is described. By removing nonpertinent and distracting information and by converting a ‘cold spot’ imaging modality to a ‘hot spot’ modality, these functional images aid in the synthesis of the information provided by the ventilation and perfusion images. The limitations due to technical artifacts and the advantages of using these functional images are described.
Antibodies cross-reacting with porcine and human trypsin in cystic fibrosis.

Summary: A solid-phase radioimmunuassay has been developed for the titration of TbIgG (trypsin binding IgG) in sera of CF parients. Using this assay system it has been found that TbIgG are primarily directed against porcine trysin and cross-react with human trypsin. A specific subpopulation of anti-human trypsin antibodies has not been found, making unlikely the occurrence of an autoimmune process in GF, at least against human panereatic enzymes. Speculation: It is known that anti-proteins antibodies modify the turnover in the circulation of free portliness, which are usually bound and rapidly sequestered by globulin. Oblige might create the conditions by which part time try sin, and possibly human activated trypsinogen, could be present in the circulation in the form of immune complexes.
Becoming Integrative in Science: Re-building Contemporary Psychology through Interdisciplinary and International Collaboration

Our Journal enters into a new stage of its development with this issue. It is marked by a small change in its name—from Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science (IPBS) to the present new focus on psychology. That name change goes along with the development of the behavioral sciences. The behavioral science of the twentieth century was characterized by a narrow focus on relationships of behavior with their physiological bases. Of course there were some notable exceptions—such as Vladimir Bekhterev’s efforts to build general theory of associative reflexes (Bekhterev 2001), but the main focus in the study of behavioral phenomena has remained narrow in both its theoretical and empirical realms. We face now a more elaborate set of tasks in understanding the complexity of relationships within which behavioral phenomena are embedded in the twenty-first century. These include both behavior’s “downward” ties with the physiological, neuronal, and genetic levels, and its “upward” ties with social units of organization of life—be it in groups of animals, or with communities, identities, and consumer fashions in human society. Human culture is solidly based on its biological foundations—but not explainable solely by those. We can see how in phylogeny new levels of organization of the ways of living emerge—language and other semiotic systems dramatically change the ways human beings—and some talking apes such as Kanzi—make sense of their own (and others’) behavior. All these levels are mutually related—yet how these relations work is not yet known. Contemporary sciences—both biological and social—have paid lip service to the notion of integration, while in reality they have continued along the lines of their specific ways of creating knowledge within their disciplinary confines. Much important work has emerged in the different areas of inquiry—in a way, the fragmentation and segregation has its positive facet for our knowledge. The Journal’s past provides a good example—in its past has been characterized by high quality experimental work in the best laboratory traditions of the heritage of Ivan P. Pavlov
A High-Resolution Angle-Resolved Photoemission Study of the Temperature Dependent Electronic Structure of the Pentatelluride ZrTe5

The temperature dependent band structure of the pentatelluride ZrTe5 has been examined using the technique of high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission in conjunction with synchrotron radiation. Specifically, the band dispersion along the X-Γ-X high symmetry axis was mapped at 20K (T Tc), where Tc≃160K. One electron band and two hole bands within 0.5eV of the Fermi level have been identified. The dispersion of the bands indicates that they have extremely small electron and hole effective masses. The hole bands were observed to distort and shift in energy upon raising the sample temperature above Tc, indicative of a surface distortion.
Infected cell killing by HIV-1 protease promotes NF-κB dependent HIV-1 replication

Acute HIV-1 infection of CD4 T cells often results in apoptotic death of infected cells, yet it is unclear what evolutionary advantage this offers to HIV-1. Given the independent observations that acute T cell HIV-1 infection results in (1) NF-κB activation, (2) caspase 8 dependent apoptosis, and that (3) caspase 8 directly activates NF-κB, we questioned whether these three events might be interrelated. We first show that HIV-1 infected T cell apoptosis, NF-κB activation, and caspase 8 cleavage by HIV-1 protease are coincident. Next we show that HIV-1 protease not only cleaves procaspase 8, producing Casp8p41, but also independently stimulates NF-κB activity. Finally, we demonstrate that the HIV protease cleavage of caspase 8 is necessary for optimal NF-κB activation and that the HIV-1 protease specific cleavage fragment Casp8p41 is sufficient to stimulate HIV-1 replication through NF-κB dependent HIV-LTR activation both in vitro as well as in cells from HIV infected donors. Consequently, the molecular events which promote death of HIV-1 infected T cells function dually to promote HIV-1 replication, thereby favoring the propagation and survival of HIV-1.
Segmental expression of Notch and Hairy genes in nephrogenesis

Notch signaling pathway genes are required for nephrogenesis, raising the possibility that Notch effector Hairy-related genes should also control nephron formation. We performed in situ hybridizati...
On the Mechanism of the Plasmonic Field Enhancement of the Solar-to-Electric Energy Conversion by the Other Photosynthetic System in Nature (Bacteriorhodopsin): Kinetic and Spectroscopic Study

We have recently reported Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) plasmonic field enhancement of the Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) photocurrent observed during its proton pump photocycle in solution. We proposed a mecha...
Methylthioinosine phosphorylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Structure and annotation of a novel enzyme in quorum sensing.

The PA3004 gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was originally annotated as a 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). However, the PA3004 encoded protein uses 5′-methylthioinosine (MTI) as a preferred substrate and represents the only known example of a specific MTI phosphorylase (MTIP). MTIP does not utilize 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA). Inosine is a weak substrate with a kcat/Km value 290-fold less than MTI and is the second best substrate identified. The crystal structure of P. aeruginosa MTIP (PaMTIP) in complex with hypoxanthine was determined to 2.8 A resolution and revealed a 3-fold symmetric homotrimer. The methylthioribose and phosphate binding regions of PaMTIP are similar to MTAPs, and the purine binding region is similar to that of purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPs). The catabolism of MTA in P. aeruginosa involves deamination to MTI and phosphorolysis to hypoxanthine (MTA → MTI → hypoxanthine). This pathway also exists in Plasmodium falciparum, where the purine nucleoside phosphorylas...
Autumn in Denver—The Annual Meeting

Bilateral adjacent neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum were excised in a 20-year-old man through a single left thoracotomy. The presence of bilateral lesions was indicated by the discrepancy betweeen excised tumor and the mass on x-ray examination. Two distinct histologic patterns resulted in one mass representing a ganglioneuroma, and the second, a neurofibroma.
Can a Single Molecule of Water be Completely Isolated Within the Subnano‐Space Inside the Fullerene C60 Cage? A Quantum Chemical Prospective

Based on an experimental observation, it has been controversially suggested in a study (Kurotobi et al., Science 2011, 33, 613) that a single molecule of water can completely be localized within the subnano-space inside the fullerene C(60) cage and, that neither the H atoms nor the O lone-pairs are linked, either via hydrogen bonding or through dative bonding, with the interior C-framework of the C(60) cage. To resolve the controversy, electronic structure calculations were performed by using the density functional theory, together with the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, the natural population and bond orbital analyses, and the results were analyzed by using varieties of recommended diagnostics often used to interpret noncovalent interactions. The present results reveal that the mechanically entrapped H(2)O molecule is not electronically innocent of the presence of the cage; each H atom of H(2)O is weakly O-H···C(60) bonded, whereas the O lone-pairs are O···C(60) bonded regardless of the conformations investigated. Exploration of various featured properties suggests that H(2)O@C(60) may be regarded as a unique system composed of both inter- and intramolecular interactions.
SPECULATIONS ON VASCULAR CHANGES WITH AGE

Several extracardiac age changes may affect cardiovascular efficiency. Extracellular fluid and blood volume are relatively increased with age. The loss of aortic elasticity results in a rise in systolic pressure when work produces increases in cardiac output. The vascular rigidity further consumes energy by loss of the propulsive effect of elastic recoil. Finally, peripheral resistance increases due to arteriolar constriction; this appears to be under reversible physiologic control. The sum of these normal changes contributes to the functional decrement of aging; it is more universal and more important than atherosclerosis, yet has commanded inadequate attention.
Cohomology of the sub-Hopf algebra D of the Steenrod algebra

Abstract Let D be the sub-Hopf algebra of the mod 2 Steenrod algebra A generated by { P t s ∣ s t } . We are interested in the cohomology of D , H ∗ ( D ; F 2 ) = Ext D ∗ ( F 2 , F 2 ) . To obtain information about H ∗ ( D ; F 2 ) , we first filter D by powers of the augmentation ideal and describe the structure of the associated graded Hopf algebra, E 0 D . E 0 D is a primitively generated connected Hopf algebra over F 2 and hence corresponds to the restricted Lie algebra of primitive elements, g = P ( E 0 D ) . We then calculate H 1 ( E 0 D ; F 2 ) and H 2 ( E 0 D ; F 2 ) using a known polynomial algebra complex on the dual of g , S ( g ∗ ) , with differential determined by the bracket in g . We then use the May spectral sequence to obtain results about H 1 ( D ; F 2 ) and H 2 ( D ; F 2 ) .
Fundamentals of Systems Engineering at NASA

The fundamental concepts and process of systems engineering as they apply in the context of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration are described. In particular: Systems and systems engineering are defined, and the objectives of systems engineering are discussed. The doctrine of successive refinement is presented, and the associated spiral model of the systems engineering process is described. The various phases of the project cycle for major systems acquired by NASA are examined. This paper is based on material being prepared for the first draft of the NASA Systems Engineering Handbook. Consequently, the authors are seeking constructive criticism.
Osmolyte Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Does Not Affect the Strength of Hydrophobic Interactions: Origin of Osmolyte Compatibility

Osmolytes are small organic solutes accumulated at high concentrations by cells/tissues in response to osmotic stress. Osmolytes increase thermodynamic stability of folded proteins and provide protection against denaturing stresses. The mechanism of osmolyte compatibility and osmolyte-induced stability has, therefore, attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, to our knowledge, no quantitative study of osmolyte effects on the strength of hydrophobic interactions has been reported. Here, we present a detailed molecular dynamics simulation study of the effect of the osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) on hydrophobic phenomena at molecular and nanoscopic length scales. Specifically, we investigate the effects of TMAO on the thermodynamics of hydrophobic hydration and interactions of small solutes as well as on the folding-unfolding conformational equilibrium of a hydrophobic polymer in water. The major conclusion of our study is that TMAO has almost no effect either on the thermodynamics of hydration of small nonpolar solutes or on the hydrophobic interactions at the pair and many-body level. We propose that this neutrality of TMAO toward hydrophobic interactions-one of the primary driving forces in protein folding-is at least partially responsible for making TMAO a "compatible" osmolyte. That is, TMAO can be tolerated at high concentrations in organisms without affecting nonspecific hydrophobic effects. Our study implies that protein stabilization by TMAO occurs through other mechanisms, such as unfavorable water-mediated interaction of TMAO with the protein backbone, as suggested by recent experimental studies. We complement the above calculations with analysis of TMAO hydration and changes in water structure in the presence of TMAO molecules. TMAO is an amphiphilic molecule containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. The precise balance of the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments of the molecule appears to explain the virtual noneffect of TMAO on the strength of hydrophobic interactions.
Rotational chaos in dissipative systems

Abstract An investigation is made into chaotic attractors arising from a quasiperiodic transition to chaos, using a quantity called the rotation interval. The rotation interval describes the short term rotation rates available to the attractor. We present algorithms to calculate it given an appropriate map, differential equation or time series. We find that the rotation interval has a very robust parameter dependence: its endpoints are almost always phase locked. Our numerical ideas are based on the theory of dissipative twist maps, which is reviewed. This theory is also used to prove a theorem about the non-existence of certain strange attractors in nearly conservative systems. Finally, an investigation is made into the relationship between the rotation interval and topological entropy, and the breakup of invariant circles.