cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hypothesis on the traffic of MG160, a medial Golgi sialoglycoprotein, from the trans-Golgi network to the Golgi cisternae

We have reported that MG160, an intrinsic membrane sialoglycoprotein of the Golgi apparatus (GA), resides in the medial cisternae of the organelle (Gonatas et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 646–653). In order to resolve the question whether MG160 acquires sialic acid residues in the trans cisternae or trans-Golgi network (TGN) prior to its retrograde transport, we have examined the effects of brefeldin A (BFA) on the post-translational processing of MG160, and the distribution of internalized wheat germ agglutinin covalently linked with HRP (WGA-HRP), which labels the TGN (Gonatas et al. (1977) J. Cell Biol. 73, 1–13). In BFA-treated PC12 cells, MG160 acquires resistance to endo H, but fails to be sialylated. This effect occurs in parallel with the redistribution of MG160 into an ER compartment dispersed throughout the cytoplasm including the nuclear envelope, and the collapse of the WGA-HRP-labelled TGN into vesicles and tubules surrounding the centriole. These results suggest that MG160 is not sialylated in BFA-treated cells because it is sequestered from the sialyltransferase enzyme(s), presumably located in the TGN, and provide evidence supporting the hypothesis for a retrograde transport pathway that recycles resident GA proteins, including MG160, between the Golgi cisternae and the TGN. To examine further the above hypothesis we studied cells treated with BFA and then allowed to recover from the effect of the drug for various lengths of time. After 15 minutes of recovery, cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, typically found in the pericentriolar region, are labeled by both MG160 and WGA-HRP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RESOLUTION OF THE HIRAEA CEPHALOTES COMPLEX (MALPIGHIACEAE)

The assemblage of specimens from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and western Venezuela that had been determined as a variable species, Hiraea cephalotes Triana & Planch. (Malpighiaceae), was found to comprise seven species in addition to H. cephalotes (Colombia, Ecuador). Six are newly described: Hiraea amazonica C.E.Anderson (Brazil), H. angustipetala C.E.Anderson (Ecuador), H. breteleri C.E.Anderson (Venezuela), H. ecuadorensis C.E.Anderson (Ecuador), H. escobariae C.E.Anderson (Colombia), and H. peruviana C.E.Anderson (Peru). Hiraea spruceana var. mortoniana J.F.Macbr. is elevated to the rank of species as H. mortoniana (J.F.Macbr.) C.E.Anderson (Peru). The name Hiraea spruceana Nied. is confirmed as a synonym of H. cephalotes. All eight species are characterised by having the flowers borne in axillary, multiflowered umbels. All but one have styles with a blunt apex; in Hiraea amazonica the apex of the styles is drawn out into a short spur. All species are illustrated.
Role of Ger Proteins in Nutrient and Nonnutrient Triggering of Spore Germination in Bacillus subtilis

Dormant Bacillus subtilis spores germinate in the presence of particular nutrients called germinants. The spores are thought to recognize germinants through receptor proteins encoded by the gerA family of operons, which includes gerA , gerB , and gerK . We sought to substantiate this putative function of the GerA family proteins by characterizing spore germination in a mutant strain that contained deletions at all known gerA -like loci. As expected, the mutant spores germinated very poorly in a variety of rich media. In contrast, they germinated like wild-type spores in a chemical germinant, a 1-1 chelate of Ca 2+ and dipicolinic acid (DPA). These observations showed that proteins encoded by gerA family members are required for nutrient-induced germination but not for chemical-triggered germination, supporting the hypothesis that the GerA family encodes receptors for nutrient germinants. Further characterization of Ca 2+ –DPA-induced germination showed that the effect of Ca 2+ –DPA on spore germination was saturated at 60 mM and had a K m of 30 mM. We also found that decoating spores abolished their ability to germinate in Ca 2+ –DPA but not in nutrient germinants, indicating that Ca 2+ –DPA and nutrient germinants probably act through parallel arms of the germination pathway.
Effects of O2 and CO2 Concentrations on Quantum Yields of Photosystems I and II in Tobacco Leaf Tissue

The interactive effects of irradiance and O2 and CO2 levels on the quantum yields of photosystems I and II have been studied under steady-state conditions at 25°C in leaf tissue of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Assessment of radiant energy utilization in photosystem II was based on changes in chlorophyll fluorescence yield excited by a weak measuring beam of modulated red light. Independent estimates of photosystem I quantum yield were based on the light-dark in vivo absorbance change at 830 nanometers, the absorption band of P700+. Normal (i.e. 20.5%, v/v) levels of O2 generally enhanced photosystem II quantum yield relative to that measured under 1.6% O2 as the irradiance approached saturation. Photorespiration is suspected to mediate such positive effects of O2 through increases in the availability of CO2 and recycling of orthophosphate. Conversely, at low intercellular CO2 concentrations, 41.2% O2 was associated with lower photosystem II quantum yield compared with that observed at 20.5% O2. Inhibitory effects of 41.2% O2 may occur in response to negative feedback on photosystem II arising from a build-up in the thylakoid proton gradient during electron transport to O2. Covariation between quantum yields of photosystems I and II was not affected by concentrations of either O2 or CO2. The dependence of quantum yield of electron transport to CO2 measured by gas exchange upon photosystem II quantum yield as determined by fluorescence was unaffected by CO2 concentration.
On the impact of naming methods for heap-oriented pointers in C programs

Many applications written in C allocate memory blocks for their major data structures from the heap space at run time. The analysis of heap-oriented pointers in such programs is critical for compilers to generate high-performance code. However, most previous research on pointer analysis mostly focuses on pointers pointing to global or local variables. In this paper, we study points-to analysis of heap-oriented pointers using profiling information. An instrumentation tool and a set of library routines are developed to measure points-to sets of memory references at run time. Different naming methods for heap-oriented pointers are studied. We found that it is very important to adopt appropriate naming methods to recognize wrapper functions for memory allocation and memory management functions defined by users. Based on these naming methods, the approaches in pointer analysis, such as flow sensitivity and context sensitivity, are examined with the run-time tool. The program characteristics are observed at run time to evaluate what kind of compiler analysis is needed. Experiments are conducted on SPEC CPU2000 integer benchmarks. We found that flow sensitivity and context sensitivity have little impact on the analysis of heap-oriented pointers.
Snub boron nanostructures: Chiral fullerenes, nanotubes and planar sheet

Abstract We design a new class of electronically stable boron nanostructures, viz.: 60 n 2 boron fullerene family, boron nanotubes, and a planar boron sheet, which like the α-boron sheet, consists of triangular and hexagonal motifs and has symmetrically arranged hexagonal holes. The binding energy of the proposed new boron sheet is only 0.02 eV/atom lower than the α-boron sheet. The 60 n 2 boron fullerenes are chiral and the initial icosahedral symmetry of the fullerenes is lowered due to Jahn–Teller distortion. The smallest chiral B 60 fullerene is more stable by 1.5 eV than the exact boron analogue of C 60 fullerene.
Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant—current concepts. Part II

Although the incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has decreased in recent years, the increasing survival rates for the smallest premature infants indicate that the lesion will continue to be a major problem in neonatal intensive care facilities. The neuropathology is characterized by an elemental lesion, bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix, with subsequent rupture into the lateral ventricle. Important neuropathological consequences are germinal matrix destruction, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and periventricular hemorrhagic infarction. The last of these appears to be a venous infarction and is a critical determinant of neurological outcome. Neuropathological accompaniments, not caused by the IVH, include periventricular leukomalacia and pontine neuronal necrosis. The pathogenesis of IVHs is related to intravascular, vascular, and extravascular factors. Intravascular factors involve primarily control of blood flow and pressure in the microcirculation of the germinal matrix. Particular pathogenetic importance can be attached to fluctuations in cerebral blood flow, abrupt increases in flow, decreases in flow with injury to matrix vessels, increases in cerebral venous pressure, and, in selected infants, disturbances of platelet function and coagulation. Vascular factors relate to the microcirculation of the matrix, the site of the initial bleeding. A maturation-dependent alteration in vascular integrity and a vulnerability of matrix vessels to ischemic injury appear important. Extravascular factors include those relevant to mesenchymal and glial support for matrix vessels and to local fibrinolytic activity in the germinal matrix. The latter may be a manifestation of the proteolytic activity now recognized to be of general importance in developmental remodeling of the mammalian central nervous system.
The Effects Of An Incentive Program Intervention On Driver Performance In A Private Nonprofit Agency

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an incentive program on driver performance. Archival absenteeism, complaint, and at-fault accident data were collected around an incentive program. Results of the study showed partial support of the hypothesis that the incentive program would result in increased driver performance. Limitations of the study and organizational recommendations are presented.
Racing away from bias

Retrospective and subgroup analyses have created a means to dissect clinically relevant subgroups that may otherwise be difficult to study. Although often provocative and hypothesis-generating, these analyses have been used by many to dictate clinical practice. This is especially true of subgroup
On the Nature of Earths

§ 166. An earth is a tasteless and odorless substance which is insoluble in water. [Earths] occur in all of Nature’s kingdoms, but in the vegetable and animal [kingdoms] they are mixed with spirits, water, oil, and salt, which must be removed in order to get them pure; this is done with strong heat to produce a glass.
Stark Mixing in Rydberg Systems by Ultralow Energy Collisions with Ions

The ion-Rydberg atom/molecule collisional process $$ {A^{{Z + }}} + Ry(n,\ell ) \to Ry(n,\ell ') + {A^{{Z + }}} $$ (1) is called collisional Stark mixing since the l-changing transitions l arrow l′ occur within the same energy shell n of the Rydberg species and are induced by the time-dependent electric field generated by the passing ion Az+. The process is significant over a broad range of interest and applications, which include: The formation1 of anti-hydrogen by three-body recombination e + + P + e+ → →H + e + at ultralow energies, where the sequence is collisional capture into high l → Stark Mixing → Radiative Relaxation. Since the n-changing collisions are relatively unimportant at ultralow energies, the l-mixing collisions are essential in producing the low angular momentum states required to radiatively decay at a relatively high rate to low n-levels, thereby stabilizing the recombination. Experiments2 on single ion collisions with alkali-metal Rydberg atoms have measured large l-mixing cross sections for slow projectiles, including dipole-forbidden transitions. ZEKE (Zero Kinetic Energy) Spectroscopy3 where high l states are produced from low l states by electric fields. Dissociative Recombination, as discussed in References 4 and 5.
Coherent Nanointerfaces in Thermoelectric Materials

In recent years, a new type of bulk nanostructured thermoelectric material Ag1−xPbmSbTe2+m (LAST) has been developed featuring significantly improved figure of merit (ZT) (up to 2.1 at 800 K). Its excellent ZT is largely attributed to the nanoscale coherent interface that promotes phonon scattering while having minimal effect on electron transport. Despite the experimental work on LAST material synthesis and characterization, very little knowledge is known about the nanoscale coherent interface and its effect on energy transport. In this work, we report on the first atomic observation of coherent nanointerface in a PbTe/GeTe nanocomposite and quantitative characterization of the local chemical composition and crystalline structure based on atomistic modeling. The structure coherency is confirmed with atom position imaging, atom number density distribution, and line and point coherency functions. Lattice matching occurs at the interface with lattice twisting and extremely localized strain (ϵ ≈ 0.007) in a ...
Biology of the Grass Webworm, Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae) in Hawaii

The biology of the grass webworm, Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker), currently the most serious turf pest in Hawaii, was studied by laboratory rearing at an average temperature of 24.5°C and in an outdoor cage. Eggs are flat, elliptical, 0.64 × 0.91 mm and were deposited singly or in masses on the upper surface of leaf blades along the midrib and on plastic vials. Larvae have 5 instars; the 1st instar head capsule is black, all others are brown. Mature larvae are brown to green and may have a rose tint over part or most of the body. When full grown they averaged 20 mm in length with a head capsule width of 1.8 mm. Pupation occurs in a loosely-woven hibernaculum. Adults are uniformly fawn to light brown and have a wing span of 23.9 mm. The sexes are readily distinguished by pupal terminalia and adult abdominal characters. Most females had a preoviposition period of 3-6 days. Mean egg production was 249 with a maximum of 557. Duration of each stage averaged 4-6 days for the egg, 14.3 days for the larva, 7.3 days for the pupa, 13.1 days for male moths and 13.5 days for female moths. The grass webworm is strictly nocturnal―adult eclosion, mating, oviposition, hatching, feeding, molting and pupation occurring at night.
CONCEPTUAL AND EXPERIMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN RELATING INDEPENDENCE (U.I. 19) AND FIELD INDEPENDENCE IN L- AND Q-DATA MEDIA: A COMMENT ON DR. OHNMACHT'S RESEARCH

Evaluation of the criticism of Ohnmacht is presented and a brief statement of the requirements for relating U.I. 19 (Independence) and the concept of field independence in L- and Q-data given.
Chemical Beam Epitaxy of GaP Using Triethylgallium and Tertiarybutylphosphine

In this paper we report the growth of GaP/Si heterostructures by metalorganic chemical beam epitaxy (MOCBE), including information on a MOCBE system custom built for this work. The gallium source was triethylgallium and the phosphorus source was tertiarybutylphosphine. The range for GaP epitaxy is 260 < T < 375°C. Methods of characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron (AES), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectroscopies.
Sociology in Agricultural Administration

Very late one night, as an assistant professor, I was working on a research paper with a graduate student and the student asked, "Do you intend to keep working these hours after you get tenure?" I don't recall my answer, and I doubt it was very pithy; but I'm sure I intended to ease off the late night schedules of graduate student and junior faculty member. Unfortunately, it never happened. I became a university research administrator! The combination of a large funded research project and an extra course as overload led to late night sessions as an assistant professor; now it's long-range planning, budget allocations, tenure and annual reviews, and the other duties of serving as director of Washington State University's Agricultural Research Center-in which over 200 faculty annually conduct $29 million dollars of research in plant and animal sciences, forestry, home economics, and social science. Following Riley Dunlap's request when he organized this symposium, I provide in this essay a brief biographical sketch, offer a sociological perspective on the process of career mobility and administrative activities, and provide suggestions for aspiring administrators. My analyses and suggestions are clearly influenced by my own experiences, but hopefully they will provide some insights for those interested in administrative careers.
Cross-sectional Study on People's Health Literacy in Jinniu District

Objective To investigate the achieve ability of residents in Jinniu district on health knowledge,health service,health life-style and health skill,provide scientific evidence for developing targeted health education and intervention strategies.Methods Questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the health related knowledge of residents.Results The average correct answer rate of the question on healthy philosophy and basic knowledge was 40.97%,of the question on healthy life style and behaviors was 35.63%,of the question on health skills was 39.54%.Conclusion The current health literacy of residents in Jinniu district is low,so that the health premotion should be enhanced.
Etiology of viral diarrhea in children aged < 5 years in Beijing,2013

Objective To understand the etiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in children aged 5 years in Beijing and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea. Methods Stool samples were collected randomly from diarrheal children aged 5 years in 2 grade A hospitals in Beijing in 2013. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) was conducted to detect rotavirus. Polymerase chain reaction( PCR) was conducted to detect calicivirus,enteric adenovirus and astrovirus. Results A total of 243 stool samples were collected. Among these samples,the overall positive rate in virus detection was 52. 7%(128 /243). The positive rate was 26. 3%(64 /243) for rotavirus,16. 9%(41 /243) for calicivirus,4. 9%(12 /243) for enteric adenovirus and 4. 5%(11 /243) for astrovirus.The positive samples of 4 pathogens accounted for 49. 9%,32. 1%,9. 3% and 8. 5% of total positive samples(including 10 co-infections,accounting for 7.8% of total positive samples). Most cases were children aged 2 years.The differences in virus detection rate among different age groups had statistical significance(χ2= 13. 397,P = 0. 009).The incidence peal varied with virus. The gender specific difference in attack rate had no statistical significance(χ2= 0. 220,P 0. 05). Conclusion Rotavirus and calicivirus were the major pathogens causing viral diarrhea in children. The detection rate of 4 pathogens was highest in age group 12-18 months. The seasonal detection rate was highest in December. Co-infections were detected too.
Contribution of Nursery Areas to the Adult Population of Atlantic Menhaden

AbstractMuch is known about the life history of the Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, and yet the impact of multiple nursery grounds on population structure remains a central challenge in understanding this species. Historic estimates hypothesized that the Chesapeake Bay is the predominant contributor of new recruits (age 1) to the adult stock, but no research has been done on which nursery grounds support the adult stock. In this study, we used previously established chemical signatures from juvenile otoliths to evaluate the natal origin of adult Atlantic Menhaden (ages 2–4) that correspond to the 2008–2010 year-classes. We found that, on average across ages, the northeastern, Chesapeake Bay, and southeastern nursery grounds each contribute about 30% of the recruits that persist into older age-classes and that over the 3 years of the study the proportion of nursery contributions from each nursery was relatively stable. This has repercussions for the fishery, as most fish ages 2–3 are fully mature an...
Use of a glimpsing model to understand the performance of listeners with and without hearing loss in spatialized speech mixtures.

In many situations, listeners with sensorineural hearing loss demonstrate reduced spatial release from masking compared to listeners with normal hearing. This deficit is particularly evident in the “symmetric masker” paradigm in which competing talkers are located to either side of a central target talker. However, there is some evidence that reduced target audibility (rather than a spatial deficit per se) under conditions of spatial separation may contribute to the observed deficit. In this study a simple “glimpsing” model (applied separately to each ear) was used to isolate the target information that is potentially available in binaural speech mixtures. Intelligibility of these glimpsed stimuli was then measured directly. Differences between normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners observed in the natural binaural condition persisted for the glimpsed condition, despite the fact that the task no longer required segregation or spatial processing. This result is consistent with the idea that the pe...
The physiology of blood loss and shock: New insights from a human laboratory model of hemorrhage

The ability to quickly diagnose hemorrhagic shock is critical for favorable patient outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the time course and involvement of the various physiological mechanisms that are active during volume loss and that have the ability to stave off hemodynamic collapse. This review provides new insights about the physiology that underlies blood loss and shock in humans through the development of a simulated model of hemorrhage using lower body negative pressure. In this review, we present controlled experimental results through utilization of the lower body negative pressure human hemorrhage model that provide novel insights on the integration of physiological mechanisms critical to the compensation for volume loss. We provide data obtained from more than 250 human experiments to classify human subjects into two distinct groups: those who have a high tolerance and can compensate well for reduced central blood volume (e.g. hemorrhage) and those with low tolerance with poor capacity to compensate.We include the conceptual introduction of arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow oscillations, reflex-mediated autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, and respiration that function to protect adequate tissue oxygenation through adjustments in cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Finally, unique time course data are presented that describe mechanistic events associated with the rapid onset of hemodynamic failure (i.e. decompensatory shock). Impact Statement Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in both civilian and military trauma. The work submitted in this review is important because it advances the understanding of mechanisms that contribute to the total integrated physiological compensations for inadequate tissue oxygenation (i.e. shock) that arise from hemorrhage. Unlike an animal model, we introduce the utilization of lower body negative pressure as a noninvasive model that allows for the study of progressive reductions in central blood volume similar to those reported during actual hemorrhage in conscious humans to the onset of hemodynamic decompensation (i.e. early phase of decompensatory shock), and is repeatable in the same subject. Understanding the fundamental underlying physiology of human hemorrhage helps to test paradigms of critical care medicine, and identify and develop novel clinical practices and technologies for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics in patients with life-threatening blood loss.
The End of Feminist Abortion Counseling? Examining Threats to Women’s Health

In-depth abortion counseling emerged as a key component of clinic-based abortion care during the women’s health movement of the 1970s in the United States. Abortion counselors and other clinic staff maintain that abortion is distinct from other medical procedures, and that institutional support in navigating what can be a stigmatized process is crucial. The authors of this chapter outline an ongoing shift in the field of abortion care in the United States, in which unhurried counseling is disappearing from abortion care, replaced with the minimum of legally required informed consent. Drawing from ethnographic research in abortion clinics and their own experience as abortion counselors, the authors examine current threats to comprehensive abortion counseling in independent clinics, and the implications of these changes for quality abortion care.
The Impact of School Policing on Student Behaviors in Ohio Public Schools.

ABSTRACTThe present study examined variations in incidents of student insubordination and violence using an individual change model, which allowed for repeated observations of student behaviors in 148 Ohio schools at the initial status (2010) and over time (2010 and 2014). Findings were significant only at the initial status. As school size and total number of school policing measures increased, so did student incidents of insubordination in 2010. School policing and the percentage of economic disadvantage did not predict violence. Findings considered the number of behavior incidents with respect to policing in all school locales, revealing the impact of school policing on student behaviors may transcend race and geographic location.
Co-Designing a Recommender System for the Elderly

To promote a healthy life-style and to increase well-being of elderly people, we have extended a digital picture frame - the CARE system - that interleaves a picture display mode with a recommender mode. In recommender mode, CARE encourages its users to engage in physical and mental training activities. The success of such a system essentially depends on the extent to which given recommendations are followed. The current paper investigates in how far rewarding schemes as known from computer games could be deployed in order to increase user appreciation of the CARE system. To this end, we prepared and ran a co-design workshop with a peer-group of senior citizens. Finally, we draw conclusions that will guide our work towards a gamified version of CARE.
Behavior as Illness Indicator.

When an owner notices a behavior change in their cat that concerns them enough to present the cat to the vet, there are 3 possibilities: the behavior change reflects a change in behavioral health (a change in psychological state), a change in medical health (a change in physical state), or a combination (comorbid medical and behavioral pathologies). Because many behavioral pathologies are diagnoses of exclusion, it is important that the veterinarian rule out all of the likely medical differentials for the changed behavior. This article is a behavior-by-behavior guide to the more common differentials for the most common problem behaviors.
It takes a village: Managing conflict in the K-12 classroom

This project examines the classroom conflict management challenges K–12 teachers experience. The U.S. Department of Education released a January 2014 bulletin outlining their classroom conflict man...
Remapping Chinese Cities: From Empire’s Political Centers to Battlefields of “Commercial Warfare”

This article examines the late Qing urban transformation as a conscious effort by reformist officials, like Zhang Zhidong, to confront imperialist expansion and the challenges of the treaty port system during the dynasty’s last decades. It shows how “commercial warfare ( shangzhan )” thought among the urban, reformist elite provided impetus for the radical transformation of traditional cities from military and administrative centers to battlefields of commercial warfare ( shangzhan ) against the West. No place better illustrates the urban structural changes in the late Qing dynasty than the tri-cities of Wuchang, Hanyang, and Hankou, the base of Zhang Zhidong’s late Qing reform in Hubei. Zhang’s daring urban modernizing efforts replaced the hierarchical structure of the three cities with relatively equal and symbiotic relationships. More importantly, Zhang Zhidong resurrected the concept of shangzhan (commercial warfare)—the idea that China could fight foreign expansion through commercial competition, which Zeng Guofan first used to address Western commercial advancement in the 1860s. This thought enabled Zhang to use the increasing global pressure and Chinese nationalistic sentiments to advance his reform agenda and break from the restrictions of the traditional urban ideal. Analyzing the intellectual foundations of late Qing urban reform is also crucial to understanding cities’ central position in Qing’s defensive global engagement.
Parameterizing Opportunity Set Risk and Search Costs within Venture Capital Markets

I develop a theoretical model that parameterizes differences in opportunity set risk within venture capital markets as functions of differences in the opportunity benefit of deal screening, and cross-sectional differences in distributions of project risk. Using the resulting rational expectations framework, the theoretical model shows clusters of venture capital activity can be induced by non-monotonic relations between search costs for low risk projects and the opportunity benefit of deal screening. Independent of other factors, such as ability or preferences, the theoretical model endogenously generates markets characterized by single or multiple representative agents, market structures which do not encourage competition that is a function of fund sizes, incentive compatibility rationales for differences in the pay-performance sensitivities of VCs' compensation contracts, and competitive pricing equilibriums that differ in degree of market efficiency. Independent of data on market volumes, model parameters successfully rank venture capital markets in the states of California, Massachusetts, and New York as three of the most efficient markets within the United States.
Improved osseointegration with as-built electron beam melted textured implants and improved peri‑implant bone volume with whole body vibration.

Abstract Transcutaneous osseointegrated prostheses provide stable connections to the skeleton while eliminating skin lesions experienced with socket prosthetics. Additive manufacturing can create custom textured implants capable of interfacing with amputees’ residual bones. Our objective was to compare osseointegration of textured surface implants made by electron beam melting (EBM), an additive manufacturing process, to machine threaded implants. Whole body vibration was investigated to accelerate osseointegration. Two cohorts of Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral, titanium implants (EBM vs. threaded) in their tibiae. One cohort comprising five groups vibrated at 45 Hz: 0.0 (control), 0.15, 0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 g was followed for six weeks. Osseointegration was evaluated through torsional testing and bone volume fraction (BV/TV). A second cohort, divided into two groups (control and 0.6 g), was followed for 24 days and evaluated for resonant frequency, bone-implant contact (BIC) and fluorochrome labeling. The EBM textured implants exhibited significantly improved mechanical stability independent of vibration, highlighting the benefits of using EBM to produce custom textured surfaces. Bone formation on and around the EBM textured implants increased compared to machined implants, as seen by BIC and fluorescence. No difference in torque, BIC or fluorescence among vibration levels was detected. BV/TV significantly increased at 0.6 g compared to control for both implant types.
Complexity of K-tree structured constraint satisfaction problems

Trees have played a key role in the study of constraint satisfaction problems because problems with tree structure can be solved efficiently. It is shown here that a family of generalized trees, k-trees, can offer increasing representational complexity for constraint satisfaction problems, while maintaining a bound on computational complexity linear in the number of variables and exponential in k. Additional results are obtained for larger classes of graphs known as partial k-trees. These methods may be helpful even when the original problem does not have k-tree or partial k-tree structure. Specific tradeoffs are suggested between representational power and computational complexity.
Student Wage Trends in Ohio's Institutions of Higher Education.

In mid-November, 1977, the Ohio Association of Student Financial Administrators (OASF AA) conducted a survey of its. institutional affiliates to secure infqrmation about their policies and procedures for paying student employees. Of particular significance in this survey was the confusing issue of federal minimum wage provisions as applied to institutions of higher education. The "Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1977,"1 which became law on November 1, 1977, state that the minimum wage will be (1) not less than $2.65 an hour during the year beginning January 1, 1978, not Jess than $2.90 an hour during the year beginning January 1, 1979, not less than $3.10 an hour during the year beginning January 1, 1980, and not less than $3.35 an hour after December 31, 1980, except as otherwise provided in.this section.2 In the 1976 National League of Cities vs. Usery decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the extension of minimum wage and overtime coverage was unconstitutional when applied to state and local government employees engaged in "the conduct of integral government functions," including "those governmental services which the States and their political subdivisions have traditionally afforded their citizens."3
Emotion regulation and obsessive-compulsive phenomena in youth

Abstract There is a dearth of research evaluating the relationship between obsessive-compulsive (OC) phenomena and emotion regulation (ER) in youth. The current study bridges this gap by utilizing multiple informants to evaluate the relationship between ER processes (e.g., suppression) and OC features in 27 diagnostically-assessed youth. As predicted, after controlling for children's age and distress, obsessive beliefs (e.g., the importance of/need to control thoughts) and OCS dimensions (e.g., washing) possessed negative associations with adaptive skills (ER) and positive relationships with maladaptive processes (emotional lability). Notably, expressive suppression possessed the strongest relationship with obsessive beliefs and OCS domains, and mediated the relationship between these two constructs. Results are discussed in the context of experiential avoidance. Clinical recommendations and future directions are discussed.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus Phage Saddex.

ABSTRACT The complete genome of Bacillus phage Saddex was determined and annotated in this study. Saddex has distinct sections with similarities to other Bacillus phages, such as Kida, even though these phages were isolated more than 800 km apart by separate laboratories.
Review: Google Earth and Google Earth Voyager

Google Earth and Google Earth Voyager https://earth.google.com/web In its corporate mission statement, Google promises to “organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful.”1 But what does it mean for information about architecture and history to be useful? There can be little doubt that students of both architecture and history find significant use value in simply having access to a comprehensive database of satellite and aerial photography of most of the earth's built environment, and in having available a corpus of precisely geolocated photographs and photographically rendered digital models of buildings and sites. Furthermore, the utility of introducing historical imagery such as maps and photographs into the same database, enabling the visual comparison of contemporary and past images and the assessment of changes over time, is obvious. All of this is precisely what the original Google Earth platform aimed to provide. A review in this journal almost a decade ago focused on that platform as cartography, and on the ways in which its aerial photographs operated as a database of pictorial evidence.2 Since that time, Google has consolidated its set of geographic tools—Earth, Maps, and Street View, all of which Google acquired in the early 2000s—into one platform: the new Google Earth. The original Earth application promised fully navigable, low-altitude, three-dimensional simulated photographic views of cities and buildings, while Street View added the possibility of remotely viewing full-surround photographic imagery generated from station points on public streets around the world. Operating together, these platforms promised a frictionless freedom of movement and exploration, a kind of universal accessibility unimpeded by travel distances, time differences, and local customs. Several features distinguish the new Google Earth from its predecessors. Where Maps and Street View were browser based, the original Earth was a desktop application requiring a fairly powerful computer. The new version of Earth has been …
The Japanese Way of Strength-Based Correction.

The study outlines Japan’s positive use of red ink to grade children’s homework in order to limit the amount of shame children experience over failures. The psychology of seeing and the psychodynamics of self-conscious emotions are used to explain the mechanism of Japan’s positive versus America’s negative shame-inducing grading practices. It provides an explanation for unconscious cultural grading practices that tend to differentially produce either pride or shame.
APPLICATION OF PROBABILITY THEORY TO ANALYZE IMPACT OF DISEASE ON HUMAN LIFE EXPECTANCY

Aging is a phenomenon that can be observed in biological and mechanical systems. The quest for a general explanation of aging invites us to consider the underlying theory of systems failure known as reliability theory. The objective of this paper is to probabilistically investigate the trends of human aging in different age groups based on their annual mortality rate due to certain disease. Data of two leading causes of death from 2005 to 2008 were analyzed, to determine the significance of the mortality decrease in individual age group, and the sensitivity of each disease with respect to age.
Inference From Complex Networks: Role of Symmetry and Applicability to Images

Symmetry is a mathematical concept only partially explored in networks, especially at the applicative level. One reason is a certain lack of interpretable inference obtained from networks. While the network systemic associations (links) between entities (nodes) emerge from the underlying dependence structure, this latter is only partially explicit via the established direct interactors and remains to a certain extent latent (distant node predicted paths). Verifiability of significant hubs, connectors, paths and modules allows to build a knowledge base useful to infer latencies and/or validate complex associations. When symmetry is searched in images, reflection, translation and rotation are applicable transformations in n-dimensional Euclidean space that computational algorithms target. There is symmetry when original and transformed images cannot be distinguished. Once collected together, such transformations form an automorphism group, indicating a stable and robust global characteristic. It is common to step from images to quantifiable features for conducting inference. Deep learning is typically used to classify whole images reconstructed from the myriads of features in which these images are decomposed. However, with images considered at multiple scales and locations, symmetries are valuable for describing local characteristics. Casting local features into a network framework enables their associations to be explored by similarity or dissimilarity criteria. This is quite intriguing because network configurations may display topological features and connectivity patterns associated with synchronization and symmetry that reduce the redundancy of features to more compact functional descriptions. Then, identifying anomalies from unusual events, behaviors, patterns would spot network vulnerabilities and signs of symmetry breaking
Spectroradiometric detection of competitor diatoms and the grazer Poteriochromonas in algal cultures

Abstract To address challenges in early detection of pond pests, we have extended a spectroradiometric monitoring method, initially demonstrated for measurement of pigment optical activity and biomass, to the detection of algal competitors and grazers. The method relies upon measurement and interpretation of pond reflectance spectra spanning from the visible into the near-infrared. Reflectance spectra are acquired every 5 min with a multi-channel, fiber-coupled spectroradiometer, providing monitoring of algal pond conditions with high temporal frequency. The spectra are interpreted via numerical inversion of a reflectance model, in which the above-water reflectance is expressed in terms of the absorption and backscatter coefficients of the cultured species, with additional terms accounting for the pigment fluorescence features and for the water-surface reflection of sunlight and skylight. With this method we demonstrate detection of diatoms and the predator Poteriochromonas in outdoor cultures of Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorella vulgaris, respectively. The relative strength of these signatures is compared to microscopy and sequencing analysis. Spectroradiometric detection of diatoms is then further assessed on beaker-contained mixtures of Microchloropsis salina with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Thalassiosira pseudonana, respectively, providing an initial evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of detecting pond competitors.
Change of address as a measure of housing insecurity predicting rural emergency department revisits after asthma exacerbation.

Housing insecurity is an important socioeconomic factor that may impact emergency department (ED) use for children with asthma, but housing insecurity screening has primarily relied on patient surv...
Objectively measured sleep-wake patterns in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy - Interaction with quality of life and antiepileptic treatment.

Abstract Rationale Patients with epilepsy experience frequent episodes of fragmented sleep which may contribute to chronic sleep loss. Enhancing sleep patterns might lead to improved quality of life in these patients. Currently, unlike some other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), there are no data on the effects of clobazam, a novel AED on sleep. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that patients with epilepsy will have longer, more consolidated sleep after treatment with clobazam. Methods In this prospective study, we included adults with drug-resistant epilepsy who were being considered for treatment with clobazam. Patients with known untreated moderate/severe sleep apnea or with major circadian rhythm disorders were excluded. We tested a set of the following subjective sleep measures: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE) prior to starting the treatment, as well as after achieving a stable clobazam dose. We also measured sleep pattern using wrist actigraphy – before starting therapy and after achieving stable dose. Results A total of 12 participants completed all parts of the study. After treatment, a lower number of awakenings and less wake after sleep onset (WASO) were seen, as well as a lower number of seizures. Average pretreatment bedtime was 23:45, and average wake time was 8:24. A higher seizure frequency significantly correlated with all subjective sleep measures, as well as with a higher amount actigraphy measured WASO and less total sleep time (TST) measured both by sleep log and by actigraphy. Those with higher baseline WASO by actigraphy also had more depressive symptoms, worse quality of life, longer duration of epilepsy, and a higher seizure frequency. Conclusion Both objective and subjective sleep metrics correlate with depressive symptoms and quality of life. After treatment, there were fewer awakenings as well as fewer seizures.
Incidence and Group Comparisons of Harassment Based on Gender, LGBTQ+ Identity, and Race at an Academic Medical Center

Background: A key recommendation from the landmark National Academies report called for research examining experiences of underrepresented and/or vulnerable groups, including people of color and se...
Analysis of Genetic Variants Associated with Levels of Immune Modulating Proteins for Impact on Alzheimer's Disease Risk Reveal a Potential Role for SIGLEC14.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified immune-related genes as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including TREM2 and CD33, frequently passing a stringent false-discovery rate. These genes either encode or signal through immunomodulatory tyrosine-phosphorylated inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) or activation motifs (ITAMs) and govern processes critical to AD pathology, such as inflammation and amyloid phagocytosis. To investigate whether additional ITIM and ITAM-containing family members may contribute to AD risk and be overlooked due to the stringent multiple testing in GWAS, we combined protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from a recent plasma proteomics study with AD associations in a recent GWAS. We found that pQTLs for genes encoding ITIM/ITAM family members were more frequently associated with AD than those for non-ITIM/ITAM genes. Further testing of one family member, SIGLEC14 which encodes an ITAM, uncovered substantial copy number variations, identified an SNP as a proxy for gene deletion, and found that gene expression correlates significantly with gene deletion. We also found that SIGLEC14 deletion increases the expression of SIGLEC5, an ITIM. We conclude that many genes in this ITIM/ITAM family likely impact AD risk, and that complex genetics including copy number variation, opposing function of encoded proteins, and coupled gene expression may mask these AD risk associations at the genome-wide level.
Movement as Medicine and Screendance as Survivance: Indigenous Reclamation and Innovation During Covid-19

Indigenous screendance challenges US settler colonial constructions that drive political, environmental, and global injustices, which the Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated. This article analyzes online workshops taught in 2020 by Rulan Tangen, Founder and Director of DANCING EARTH CREATIONS, as "movement as medicine" and "screendance as survivance." By connecting Tangen's workshops to Indigenous peoples' historical and ongoing uses of dance and the digital sphere for wellbeing and survival, we show how and why these practices provide powerful possibilities to counter settler colonial concepts of anthropocentrism, Cartesian dualism, patriarchy, and chronological time. Tangen's teaching offers ways for humans and more-than-humans—meaning land, cosmos, nonhuman animals, water, and plants—to (re)connect, drawing on the past to imagine the future and building human solidarity, which we theorize as "homecoming." Ultimately, we link our concept of "homecoming" to the Land Back movement because of the vital connections among Indigenous bodies, sovereignty, and survival.
Retrograde cerebral perfusion in surgery for aortic arch aneurysms

The first successful replacement of an aortic arch aneurysm was carried out in Houston, Texas, by DeBakey in 1957 using an aortic homograft (1). For many years to follow, the morbidity and mortality for the treatment of aortic pathology in the transverse arch location remained unacceptably high. Most early operations were carried out using one of two methods (2, 3). One technique was to establish circulation to the brachiocephalic vessels by placement of temporary bypass grafts originating off the proximal ascending aorta to be taken down at the completion of arch replacement. A second was antegrade direct perfusion of the brachiocephalic vessels using cardiopulmonary bypass. In each instance extensive dissection and mobilization of the cerebral arterial circulation was required. Both procedures met with an excessively high risk of stroke and mortality.