cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biological effects of single and repeated swimming stress in male rats: beneficial effects of glucocorticoids.

We have examined the biological effects of single (45 min at 22°C) and repeated swimming stress (45 min at 22°C for 7 d) using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Repeated swimming for a week resulted in a significant inhibition in total body weight (25%) as compared to control unstressed animals. There was significant increase in adrenal and kidney relative weight and decreases in relative thymus weight in repeated swimming-stressed animals as compared to control animals. Repeated swimming stress resulted in almost threefold increase in plasma corticosterone levels with concomitant dramatic decrease in total glucocoticoid receptor (GR) levels in liver, thymus, and heart as compared to control unstressed animals. Interestingly, single swimming stress resulted in a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation levels in the liver and heart. In contrast, there was no change in the lipid per oxidation levels in the liver and heart between chronic stressed and control unstressed animals. Finally, both single and repeated swimming-stress animals had almost 50% reduction in plasma triglyceride levels as compared to control unstressed animals. It is concluded that elevated plasma corticosterone levels by downregulating GR during repeated swimming stress exerts beneficial effects in rats by retarding the total body weight gain and lowering plasma triglyceride levels without affecting free-radicals-induced oxidative stress.
Rank Regression in Order Restricted Randomized Designs

ABSTRACTThis paper uses order restricted randomised design (ORRD) to create a judgment ranked blocking factor based on available subjective information in a small set of experimental units (EUs). The design then performs a carefully designed randomisation scheme with certain restriction to assign the treatment levels to EUs across these subjective judgment blocks. Such an assignment induces positive dependence among within-set units, and the restrictions on the randomisation translate this positive dependence into a variance reduction technique. We provide a unified theory to analyse the data sets collected from an ORRD. The analysis uses the general framework of rank regression methodology in linear models, with some modification to our randomisation scheme, to estimate regression parameter and to test general linear hypotheses. It is shown that the estimators and test statistics have limiting normal and chi-square distributions regardless the quality of ranking information. A simulation study shows that...
Electroporation of Legionella Species

The molecular analysis of Legionella pneumophila had been limited by the lack of methods to genetically manipulate the organism. Since bacteriophages and transduction have not been reported in L. pneumophila, methods of introducing DNA into the organism were limited to conjugation until 1990. Since then electroporation has rapidly replaced conjugation as the preferred method of introducing DNA into L. pneumophila for mutagenesis — mediated by transposons (Pope et al, 1994, Wiater et al, 1994, Pruckler et al, 1995, McClain and Engleberg, 1996, Hickey and Cianciotto, 1997) or by allelic exchange (Cianciotto and Fields, 1992, Sadosky et al, 1993, Abu Kwaik et al, 1997) and for complementation studies (Marra and Shuman, 1992, Berger et al, 1994, Abu Kwaik and Pederson, 1996).
The management of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy.

A presentation of three plans for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis rounds out the discussion of toxoplasmosis in adults, toxoplasmosis and abortion, and serologic testing.
Stimulus Complexity, Movement Complexity, Age, and Sex in Relation to Reaction Latency and Speed in Limb Movements

Abstract Reaction latency and time required for basic limb movements made at maximal speed were measured in 402 subjects including both sexes and several ages within the range 8–30 years. Variation of stimulus type and complexity as well as movement type and complexity had no influence on the amount of correlation between reaction and movement times. Neither age nor sex influenced the amount of correlation, which was close to zero under all conditions even though reaction and movement time reliabilities were high. It was shown that differential conditions of “set” and/or other factors could cause the appearance of correlation. Women reacted slower than men, but the difference (less than .01 sec.) was considered unimportant. They averaged 22 percent slower in movement time than men. Subjects less than 18 years of age reacted and moved slower than adults.
Shipboard Electrical Power Systems

The second edition of Shipboard Electrical Power Systems addresses new developments in this rapidly growing field. Focusing on the industry trend toward electric propulsion for cruise, navy, and commercial ships, the book aids new or experienced engineers in mastering the cutting-edge technologies required for power system design, control, protection, and economic use of power. Covering the latest emission standards on ships, and the clean power technologies necessary to meet such stringent regulations, the book compiles essential information on power system design, analysis and operation, uniquely bringing all three together under one cover. Beginning by covering power system basics, the book goes on to detail power generation, electrical machines and batteries, with new chapters on electric propulsion, shipboard emission regulations, and clean power technologies. Updated throughout to reflect this rapidly changing field, the second edition clearly explains complicated electrical concepts using mechanical and hydraulic analogies to aid marine engineers in understanding difficult elements of the field. The book is an indispensable resource for well-rounded engineering students and professional engineers. This textbook is essential reading for students of marine engineering, electrical power systems, and electrical engineering, alongside engineers working on commercial and navy ships, on ports, on land, and offshore rigs.
Departures from Paschen's law in high pressure nitrogen

It is generally accepted that the mechanism of breakdown in gases at low pressures is completely described by the Townsend mechanism, and that, as the gas pressure is increased, departure from a Townsend process will be indicated by a failure of Paschen's Law. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate this transition region, and the high pressure range in general.
Mutations Inactivating Herpes Simplex Virus 1 MicroRNA miR-H2 Do Not Detectably Increase ICP0 Gene Expression in Infected Cultured Cells or Mouse Trigeminal Ganglia.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) latency entails the repression of productive ("lytic") gene expression. An attractive hypothesis to explain some of this repression involves inhibition of the expression of ICP0, a lytic gene activator, by a viral microRNA, miR-H2, which is completely complementary to ICP0 mRNA. To test this hypothesis, we engineered mutations that disrupt miR-H2 without affecting ICP0 in HSV-1. The mutant virus exhibited drastically reduced expression of miR-H2 but showed wild-type levels of infectious virus production and no increase in ICP0 expression in lytically infected cells, which is consistent with the weak expression of miR-H2 relative to the level of ICP0 mRNA in that setting. Following corneal inoculation of mice, the mutant was not significantly different from wild-type virus in terms of infectious virus production in the trigeminal ganglia during acute infection, mouse mortality, or the rate of reactivation from explanted latently infected ganglia. Critically, the mutant was indistinguishable from wild-type virus for the expression of ICP0 and other lytic genes in acutely and latently infected mouse trigeminal ganglia. The latter result may be related to miR-H2 being less effective in inhibiting ICP0 expression in transfection assays than a host microRNA, miR-138, which has previously been shown to inhibit lytic gene expression in infected ganglia by targeting ICP0 mRNA. Additionally, transfected miR-138 reduced lytic gene expression in infected cells more effectively than miR-H2. While this study provides little support for the hypothesis that miR-H2 promotes latency by inhibiting ICP0 expression, the possibility remains that miR-H2 might target other genes during latency. Importance Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which causes a variety of diseases, can establish lifelong latent infections from which virus can reactivate to cause recurrent disease. Latency is the most biologically interesting and clinically vexing feature of the virus. Ever since miR-H2's discovery as a viral microRNA bearing complete sequence complementarity to the mRNA for the important viral gene activator ICP0, inhibition of ICP0 expression by miR-H2 has been a major hypothesis to help explain the repression of lytic gene expression during latency. However, this hypothesis remained untested in latently infected animals. Using a miR-H2-deficient mutant virus, we found no evidence that miR-H2 represses the expression of ICP0 or other lytic genes in cells or mice infected with HSV-1. Although miR-H2 can repress ICP0 expression in transfection assays, such repression is weak. The results suggest that other mechanisms for miR-H2 activity and for the repression of lytic gene expression during latency deserve investigation.
The semantics of sketch: Flexibility in visual query systems for time series data

Sketching allows analysts to specify complex and free-form patterns of interest. Visual query systems can make use of sketches to locate these patterns of interest in large datasets. However, sketching is ambiguous: the same drawing could represent a multitude of potential queries. In this work, we investigate these ambiguities as they apply to visual query systems for time series data. We define a class of “invariants” — the properties of a time series that the analyst wishes to ignore when performing a sketch-based query. We present the results of a crowd-sourced study, showing that these invariants are key components of how people rate the strength of match between sketch and target. We adapt a number of algorithms for time series matching to support invariants in sketches. Lastly, we present a web-deployed prototype sketch-based visual query system that relies on these invariants. We apply the prototype to data from finance, the digital humanities, and political science.
Coal-Miner: a coalescent-based method for GWA studies of quantitative traits with complex evolutionary origins

Association mapping (AM) methods are used in genome-wide association (GWA) studies to test for statistically significant associations between genotypic and phenotypic data. The genotypic and phenotypic data share common evolutionary origins -- namely, the evolutionary history of sampled organisms -- introducing covariance which must be distinguished from the covariance due to biological function that is of primary interest in GWA studies. A variety of methods have been introduced to perform AM while accounting for sample relatedness. However, the state of the art predominantly utilizes the simplifying assumption that sample relatedness is effectively fixed across the genome. In contrast, population genetic theory and empirical studies have shown that sample relatedness can vary greatly across different loci within a genome; this phenomena -- referred to as local genealogical variation -- is commonly encountered in many genomic datasets. New AM methods are needed to better account for local variation in sample relatedness within genomes. We address this gap by introducing Coal-Miner, a new statistical AM method. The Coal-Miner algorithm takes the form of a methodological pipeline. The initial stages of Coal-Miner seek to detect candidate loci, or loci which contain putatively causal markers. Subsequent stages of Coal-Miner perform test for association using a linear mixed model with multiple effects which account for sample relatedness locally within candidate loci and globally across the entire genome. Using synthetic and empirical datasets, we compare the statistical power and type I error control of Coal-Miner against state-of-the-art AM methods. The simulation conditions reflect a variety of genomic architectures for complex traits and incorporate a range of evolutionary scenarios, each with different evolutionary processes that can generate local genealogical variation. The empirical benchmarks include a large-scale dataset that appeared in a recent high-profile publication. Across the datasets in our study, we find that Coal-Miner consistently offers comparable or typically better statistical power and type I error control compared to the state-of-art methods.
Three-dimensional dubins path generation and following for a UAS glider

Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) typically do not offer the redundancy typical in commercial aviation due to budget and weight limitations. UAS, therefore, have a nontrivial probability of encountering a scenario in-flight that requires an emergency landing. For fixed-wing UAS, one of the most common in-flight emergencies is a total loss of engine or motor thrust, necessitating that the UAS glide to a safe landing site. This paper builds on the extensive previous work in Dubins path planning based on a point-mass model to provide a complete solution to the emergency glider landing problem applicable to a high fidelity fixed-wing aircraft simulator. Path planning and guidance algorithms are proposed to feed a standard autopilot low-level controller. While most previous work focused on maximizing the range or minimizing flight time, this work focus on providing a “safe solution” in the sense that the aircraft is maintained well inside its flight envelope. This provides margin to the controllers to deal with the different sources of environmental and vehicle performance uncertainties. The proposed solution can also be applied to an unmanned fixed-wing platform for which a detailed dynamics model is not available.
Allelopathic invasive tree (Rhamnus cathartica) alters native plant communities

Many plants release allelopathic chemicals that can inhibit germination, growth, and/or survival in neighboring plants. These impacts appear magnified with the invasion of some non-native plants which may produce allelochemicals against which native fauna have not co-evolved resistance. Our objective was to examine the potential allelopathic impact of an invasive non-native shrub/tree on multiple plant species using field observation and experimental allelopathy studies. We surveyed and collected an invasive, non-native tree/shrub (Rhamnus cathartica) at Tifft Nature Preserve (a 107-ha urban natural area near Lake Erie in Buffalo, NY). We also surveyed understory plant communities in the urban forest to examine correlations between R. cathartica abundance and local plant community abundance and richness. We then used experimental mesocosms to test if patterns observed in the field could be explained by adding increased dosages of R. cathartica to soils containing five plant species, including native and non-native woody and herbaceous species. In the highly invaded urban forest, we found that herbaceous cover, shrubs and woody seedlings negatively covaried with R. cathartica basal area and seedlings density. In the mesocosm experiments, R. cathartica resulted in significant decreases in plant community species richness, abundance, and shifted biomass allocation from roots. Our results provide evidence that R. cathartica is highly allelopathic in its invaded range, that R. cathartica roots have an allelopathic effect and that some plant species appear immune. We suggest that these effects may explain the plant’s ability to form dense monocultures and resist competitors, as well as shift community composition with species-specific impacts.
Prophetic Pragmatism and Descending to Matters of Detail

This article names the three most urgent issues today in ethics: first, climate crisis and its impact on the poor and marginalized; second, the tragic banality of contemporary political leadership; and third, racism and antiblackness. Examining this last injustice reveals our failure in moral agency, for the first two crises derive from the incapacity of the American conscience, which has never acknowledged how racist and privileged our conscience has become. While arguing for conversion, the article also offers ways for imagining a more responsible expression of moral agency to rectify each present moral failure.
Vertical GaN Transistors for Power Electronics

The chapter titled “Vertical GaN Transistors for Power Electronics” takes the reader through the research and development cycle of GaN vertical-device technology, detailing out the three-terminal devices developed over the last decade. Power converters rely on solid state devices featuring diodes and transistors as their basic building blocks. GaN technology is an ever-expanding topic for R&D, proving its potential to solve several challenges in power conversion that cannot be addressed by Si. Medium-voltage (650–900 V) devices using the HEMT configuration have been able to reduce form factor at the system level by driving circuits at higher frequencies (100KHz–1 MHz) and eliminating heat sinks or reducing cooling requirements. Such potentials sparked the interest in GaN device research to address power conversion needs. However, in power conversion the demand of high current (50A and higher) from a single chip for a rated voltage (1KV and higher) is a standard requirement. Particularly when the market is favorable toward electrification of cars and other means of transportations, GaN must expand its scope to provide high power solutions with higher power density compared to Si and even SiC. Vertical devices have been the choice of power device engineers for economic use of the material and maximum use of its physical properties (which allow highest possible blocking field, field mobility, etc.). In this chapter, we discuss vertical transistors first in its normally on form (CAVETs) and then in its normally off design (MOSFET). The advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each type besides describing their operation principles. We have tried to make this chapter scholastic and informative by use of modeling and experimental data for each device we describe. The chapter will help the reader to realize the most recent status of GaN vertical transistors and appreciate its potential in power conversion.
NPR1 in JazzSet with Pathogen Effectors

NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) is a master regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a broad-spectrum disease resistance mechanism in plants. NPR1 controls approximately 90% of SA-dependent transcriptome in Arabidopsis. Here, we discuss how pathogen effectors manipulate NPR1 functions in different cellular compartments to establish disease.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE THEORY OF CORPORATE FINANCE

The field of corporate finance is a vast one: in order to keep this paper manageable I shall focus on two well-known puzzles of corporate finance. The first has been described by Black (1976) as the dividend puzzle and the second by Myers (1984) as the capital structure puzzle. Underlying these two puzzles are similar considerations. Both originate in the application of competitive equilibrium analysis to corporate financial behaviour in two classic papers by Modigliani and Miller (Modigliani and Miller 1958, Miller and Modigliani 1961). Modigliani and Miller showed that if firms and investors enjoy the same financial opportunities then under conditions of perfectly competitive capital markets, no asymmetries of information between different agents, and no variations in the tax treatment of different forms of finance corporate financial policy is irrelevant. The value of a firm is determined entirely by its real decisions and is completely unaffected by the ratio of debt to equity finance in its capital structure or by the amount of dividends it pays out (for a given investment plan). The stark contrast between Modigliani and Miller's theoretical analysis and empirical observations of the importance attached to capital structure and dividend decisions by both firms and investors is part of the capital structure and dividend puzzles. But it is not all. For it remains true that nearly thirty years after the original Modigliani-Miller paper was first published, despite enormous efforts on the part of many researchers, a proper understanding of what determines companies' borrowing and dividend decisions is still elusive.
A biphasic locomotor response to acute unsignaled high temperature exposure in Drosophila

Unsignaled stress can have profound effects on animal behavior. While most investigation of stress-effects on behavior follows chronic exposures, less is understood about acute exposures and potential after-effects. We examined walking activity in Drosophila following acute exposure to high temperature or electric shock. Compared to initial walking activity, flies first increase walking with exposure to high temperatures then have a strong reduction in activity. These effects are related to the intensity of the high temperature and number of exposures. The reduction in walking activity following high temperature and electric shock exposures survives context changes and lasts at least five hours. Reduction in the function of the biogenic amines octopamine / tyramine and serotonin both strongly blunt the increase in locomotor activity with high temperature exposure. However, neither set of biogenic amines alter the long lasting depression in walking activity after exposure.
Interrelationships Among Self-Regulated Learning Processes: Toward a Dynamic Process-Based Model of Self-Regulated Learning:

Self-regulation and learning are fundamentally dynamic phenomena that occur at the within-person level and unfold over time. However, the majority of the extant empirical research on self-regulated...
Intrauterine device may trigger typical attacks of familial Mediterranean fever: a case report

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by episodic, recurrent, self-limited attacks of fever and serositis (sterile peritonitis, pleuritis, arthritis, etc). The insufficiency in restriction of mild inflammation contributes this consequence in FMF. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have been widely used in the world for contraception by gynecologists as an effective and safe method. Herein, we present a woman with FMF as the first case, whose attacks were triggered by copper-containing IUD. Our hypothesis in the present case was that sterile mild inflammation in the uterus caused by copper-containing IUD may be the initial source of systemic inflammatory response. In our opinion, clinicians should consider that the copper-containing IUDs may be another cause of FMF attacks in women using this contraceptive method.
Episodic versus Semantic Memory: An Exploration of Models of Memory Decay in the Serial Attention Paradigm.

We investigate the implications of an episodic versus semantic memory representation in a model of serial task switching. Altmann and Gray (2002; 2004) have developed a model in which the rate of memory activation, decay, and interference are tightly coupled in an explanation of learning, forgetting, and performance. A central assumption of their model is the use of an episodic memory trace for task cues. The current research explores the centrality of this assumption by exploring the predictions made by three mathematical formulations of interference and decay.
Classification of aflatoxin contaminated single corn kernels by ultraviolet to near infrared spectroscopy

Abstract Aflatoxin contamination in corn poses threats to consumer food safety and grower economic stability. Current industrial methods for aflatoxin management in corn focus on the bulk aflatoxin level, which can lead to either acceptance of lots with contaminated corn kernels (consumer food safety risk) or rejection of lots with mostly harmless corn kernels (grower economic loss). This dilemma may be resolved by utilizing spectroscopy to classify single corn kernels. Hence, our research aims to investigate the potential of using a custom-built UltraViolet-Visible-Near InfraRed spectroscopy system (UV–Vis–NIR) to classify single corn kernels by aflatoxin level. Single kernels from cobs inoculated with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus (240 kernels) and uninoculated cobs (240 kernels) were i) scanned individually for reflectance from 304 nm to 1086 nm by an increment of 0.5 nm; ii) ground; iii) measured for aflatoxin by ELISA. Using the spectra and the aflatoxin concentration, a random forest model was trained on 80% of the kernels to classify single corn kernels above or below 20 ppb of aflatoxin and was tested on the remaining 20% of the kernels. Among 480 kernels, 374 kernels had 20 ppb of aflatoxin and 106 kernels had ≥ 20 ppb of aflatoxin. The random forest model had a sensitivity of 87.1% and specificity of 97.7% in the training set and a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 97.3% in the test set, which is higher than previous models where kernels were in motion and comparable to models where kernels were stationary. Spectral regions around 390, 540, and 1050 nm are found to be important for classification. This study demonstrated the custom-built UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy system showed considerable potential in classifying single corn kernels by aflatoxin level while the kernels are in motion.
Exercise and Functional Disability in Older Adults

The purposes of the present study were to determine whether exercise is associated with functional disability in a dose-dependent manner and to identify a threshold for exercise benefit. The original data were collected using a national telephone survey technique. The current investigation was restricted to persons in the sample at baseline who were aged 60 or older. Functional disability, the primary dependent variable, was the summation of subject responses to five questions pertaining to functional limitation. Exercise was the independent variable in each of the three categories: strenuous exercise, moderate exercise, and walking. Age was used as a covariate in all statistical models. Descriptive data revealed a favorable linear relationship between exercise and functional disability. Tests of statistical significance partially supported a dose-dependent relationship between exercise and functional protection. Some exercise was better than none at all and high frequency exercise was better than some exercise with respect to functional impairment. However, a lower threshold for exercise effectiveness with respect to functional disability was not discovered.
Ireland, Mercantilism, and the Navigation Acts, 1660–1686

This chapter explores the making of Ireland’s second-class position in the ‘mercantile system’ created by the Restoration-era Navigation Acts and the Irish Customs and Excise Acts of 1662. The role of legislator and Treasury reformer Sir George Downing is highlighted, together with the centralising administration of the 1671 English Customs Commissioners and the 1682 Irish Revenue Commissioners. By the mid-1680s, merchant compliance with the discriminatory English Navigation Code was essentially achieved with the end of revenue farming in Ireland and improved central government enforcement from London. The events are best understood as an episode in seventeenth-century state formation.
Multiple factors maintain assembled trans-SNARE complexes in the presence of NSF and αSNAP

Neurotransmitter release requires formation of trans-SNARE complexes between the synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes, which likely underlies synaptic vesicle priming to a release-ready state. It is unknown whether Munc18-1, Munc13-1, complexin-1 and synaptotagmin-1 are important for priming because they mediate trans-SNARE complex assembly and/or because they prevent trans-SNARE complex disassembly by NSF-αSNAP, which can lead to de-priming. Here we show that trans-SNARE complex formation in the presence of NSF-αSNAP requires both Munc18-1 and Munc13-1, as proposed previously, and is facilitated by synaptotagmin-1. Our data also show that Munc18-1, Munc13-1, complexin-1 and likely synaptotagmin-1 contribute to maintaining assembled trans-SNARE complexes in the presence of NSF-αSNAP. We propose a model whereby Munc18-1 and Munc13-1 are critical not only for mediating vesicle priming but also for precluding de-priming by preventing trans-SNARE complex disassembly; in this model, complexin-1 also impairs de-priming, while synaptotagmin-1 may assist in priming and hinder de-priming.
Simulation of Daily Extreme Precipitation over the United States in the CMIP5 30-Yr Decadal Prediction Experiment

AbstractThe CMIP5 decadal hindcast (“Hindcast”) and prediction (“Predict”) experiment simulations from 11 models were analyzed for the United States with respect to two metrics of extreme precipita...
The Unfolded Protein Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the designation of the diverse and highly aggressive breast cancers that lack the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Due to the lack of recognized molecular targets for therapy, chemotherapy remains the primary established treatment for TNBC. In TNBC, numerous exogenous and intrinsic factors cause accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to disrupt cellular proteostasis in a condition termed ER stress. As an adaptation, cells activate a network of pathways, the unfolded protein response (UPR), to manage ER stress. Chronic stress, a risk factor in cancer initiation and progression, keeps the UPR engaged while its apoptotic function gets gradually attenuated. The UPR has been increasingly recognized to have crucial roles both in physiological contexts and tumor pathology. In this review, we summarize the factors that may contribute to the regulation of the UPR in TNBC and its impact on various aspects of tumor biology. In addition, we review recent progress on the pharmacological targeting of the UPR, which holds therapeutic potential for TNBC intervention.
Abstract P4-16-03: Cardiovascular outcomes and long term survival with discontinuation of adjuvant trastuzumab

Background: Trastuzumab (T) induced cardiomyopathy remains a significant limitation to adjuvant HER2 directed therapy. Recent studies have aimed to reduce cardiotoxicity through combination with non-anthracycline (non-A) chemotherapy or shorter treatment duration. However there is limited data regarding cardiac outcomes and long-term survival with early discontinuation of adjuvant T. Methods: An IRB-approved single-institution retrospective analysis was performed for 401 consecutive patients with non-metastatic HER2+ breast cancer treated at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2005-2015. Medical records were reviewed for clinicopathologic features, systemic treatment and survival information. Disease Free Survival (DFS) was defined as time from diagnosis to first recurrence (loco-regional or distant recurrence) including second primary breast cancer or death. Overall survival (OS) was defined as time from diagnosis to death or last known follow up. OS and DFS estimates were generated using Kaplan Meier methods and compared using Log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate univariate and multivariate hazard ratios for OS and DFS. Results: A total of 371/401 (92.5%) patients received adjuvant T (n= 401, mean age: 59.4 years; stage 1: 120, 30%; stage II: 194, 48%; stage III: 87, 22%; ER+: 235, 58%); among whom 106/371 (28.6%) patients held adjuvant T for any reason. Median duration of therapy in patients with any interruption with T was 11.3 (0.5-16.9) months and 23/371 (6.9%) received less than 6 months of adjuvant T. Cardiomyopathy (measured as LVEF decline on 2D echocardiogram or MUGA >= 15 points) was the most common reason for withholding T (66/106, 62.3%). The majority of these patients received a cardiology referral (77/ 106, 72.6%) with a 13 day mean time to evaluation in outpatient clinic. Patients receiving non-A chemotherapy and beta blockers or ACE inhibitors during treatment were significantly less likely to experience cardiomyopathy (A vs non-A: 49/190, 25.8% vs. 16/136, 11.8% p=0.002); (Med vs no Med: 7/148, 4.73% vs 59/184, 32.1%; p Conclusion: Discontinuation of adjuvant trastuzumab, most often from cardiomyopathy, is an independent prognostic marker for worse DFS in non-metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer. Non-anthracycline chemotherapy and use of cardio-protective medication is associated with significantly reduced incidence of cardiotoxicity in this population. Future prospective studies should consider optimizing cardiovascular function to avoid interruption in adjuvant HER 2 directed therapy. Citation Format: Sardesai S, Liu J, Palettas M, Stephens J, Stover D, Williams N, Reinbolt R, VanDeusen J, Wesolowski R, Lustberg M, Ramaswamy B. Cardiovascular outcomes and long term survival with discontinuation of adjuvant trastuzumab [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-03.
Numerical simulation of laser energy discharge for flight control

The numerical investigation of the interaction of an off-axis laser discharge in front of an ogive cylinder at Mach 3.4 is presented. Details of the physics of the interaction of the blast wave and heated region with the ogive cylinder shock structure and the effect of this interaction on the drag, side force and pitching moment are included. The location of laser discharge and the amount of energy added to the gas by the laser are two main factors affecting the flow. Increasing the energy absorbed by the gas increases the drag reduction, the desired side force and pitching moment. Increasing the distance of the discharge from the axis reduces both drag reduction and side force achieved by the laser discharge.
Mind the Gap in Sovereign Debt Markets: The U.S. Treasury basis and the Dollar Risk Factor

The U.S. dollar exchange rate clears the global market for dollar-denominated safe assets. We find that shifts in the demand and supply of safe dollar assets are important drivers of variation in the dollar exchange rate, bond yields, and other global financial variables. An increase in the convenience yield that foreign investors derive from holding safe dollar assets causes the dollar to appreciate, and incentivizes foreign debtors to tilt their issuance towards dollar-denominated instruments. U.S. monetary policy also affects the dollar exchange rate through its impact on the supply of safe dollar assets and the convenience yield. Interest rate spreads with foreign countries are not sufficient statistics to gauge the impact of the stance of U.S. monetary policy on currency markets. The U.S. Treasury basis, which measures the yield on an actual U.S. Treasury minus the yield on an equivalent synthetic U.S. Treasury constructed from a foreign bond, provides a direct measure of the global scarcity of dollar safe assets.
Ocean acidification and warming effects on the physiology, skeletal properties, and microbiome of the purple-hinge rock scallop.

Abstract Ocean acidification and increased ocean temperature from elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide can significantly influence the physiology, growth and survival of marine organisms. Despite increasing research efforts, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of how these stressors interact to affect economically and ecologically important species. This project is the first to explore the physiological effects of high pCO2 and temperature on the acclimation potential of the purple-hinge rock scallop (Crassadoma gigantea), a widely distributed marine bivalve, important reef builder, and potential aquaculture product. Scallops were exposed to two pCO2 (365 and 1050 μatm) and temperature (14 and 21.5 °C) conditions in a two-factor experimental design. Simultaneous exposure to high temperature and high pCO2 reduced shell strength, decreased outer shell density and increased total lipid content. Despite identical diets, scallops exposed to high pCO2 had higher content of saturated fatty acids, and lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids suggesting reorganization of fatty acid chains to sustain basic metabolic functions under high pCO2. Metagenomic sequencing of prokaryotes in scallop tissue revealed treatment differences in community composition between treatments and in the presence of genes associated with microbial cell regulation, signaling, and pigmentation. Results from this research highlight the complexity of physiological responses for calcifying species under global change related stress and provide the first insights for understanding the response of a bivalve's microbiome under multiple stressors.
Distributed False Discovery Rate Control with Quantization

A distributed version of the false discovery rate (FDR) control problem has been recently formulated and investigated by Ramdas, Chen, Wainwright, and Jordan [1]. However, their framework requires each agent to transmit real-valued p-value vectors, which makes it less applicable to real-world applications. In this work, we bring quantization into the framework by incorporating a discrete FDR control method, and provide sufficient conditions for the FDR control with respect to different ranges of the FDR level.
CrystaLattE: Automated computation of lattice energies of organic crystals exploiting the many-body expansion to achieve dual-level parallelism

We present an algorithm to compute the lattice energies of molecular crystals based on the many-body cluster expansion. The required computations on dimers, trimers, etc., within the crystal are independent of each other, leading to a naturally parallel approach. The algorithm exploits the long-range three-dimensional periodic order of crystals to automatically detect and avoid redundant or unnecessary computations. For this purpose, Coulomb-matrix descriptors from machine learning applications are found to be efficient in determining whether two N-mers are identical. The algorithm is implemented as an open-source Python program, CrystaLattE, that uses some of the features of the Quantum Chemistry Common Driver and Databases library. CrystaLattE is initially interfaced with the quantum chemistry package Psi4. With CrystaLattE, we have applied the fast, dispersion-corrected Hartree–Fock method HF-3c to the lattice energy of crystalline benzene. Including all 73 symmetry-unique dimers and 7130 symmetry-unique trimers that can be formed from molecules within a 15 A cutoff from a central reference monomer, HF-3c plus an Axilrod-Teller-Muto estimate of three-body dispersion exhibits an error of only −1.0 kJ mol−1 vs the estimated 0 K experimental lattice energy of −55.3 ± 2.2 kJ mol−1. The convergence of the HF-3c two- and three-body contributions to the lattice energy as a function of intermonomer distance is examined.
Efficient User-Level Storage Disaggregation for Deep Learning

On large-scale high performance computing (HPC) systems, applications are provisioned with aggregated resources to meet their peak demands for brief periods. This results in resource underutilization because application requirements vary a lot during execution. This problem is particularly pronounced for deep learning applications that are running on leadership HPC systems with a large pool of burst buffers in the form of flash or non-volatile memory (NVM) devices. In this paper, we examine the I/O patterns of deep neural networks and reveal their critical need of loading many small samples randomly for successful training. We have designed a specialized Deep Learning File System (DLFS) that provides a thin set of APIs. Particularly, we design the metadata management of DLFS through an in-memory tree-based sample directory and its file services through the user-level SPDK protocol that can disaggregate the capabilities of NVM Express (NVMe) devices to parallel training tasks. Our experimental results show that DLFS can dramatically improve the throughput of training for deep neural networks on NVMe over Fabric, compared with the kernel-based Ext4 file system. Furthermore, DLFS achieves efficient user-level storage disaggregation with very little CPU utilization.
Bidirectional associations between affective empathy and proactive and reactive aggression.

Preliminary evidence indicates that affective empathy is differentially related to proactive and reactive functions of aggression. However, additional longitudinal research is needed to understand the potential reciprocal nature of these links. The current study examined the bidirectional associations between affective empathy and proactive and reactive aggression over a 6-month period during middle childhood, with attention to potential gender differences. Data were collected from 294 elementary school children (52% girls; M = 9.25 years; SD = 0.944 years) and their homeroom teachers. Affective empathy was assessed using self-reports, and teachers provided ratings of children's functions of aggression. Data were collected during the fall and spring of one academic year. Overall, results suggest some evidence that affective empathy and functions of aggression are reciprocally linked over time. As predicted, Time 1 empathy was inversely associated with Time 2 proactive aggression and Time 1 reactive aggression was inversely associated with Time 2 empathy. Contrary to expectations, Time 1 proactive aggression was marginally positively associated with Time 2 empathy, and Time 1 empathy was not significantly associated with Time 2 reactive aggression. These prospective links did not differ according to gender. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Hippocampal functional connectivity development during the first two years indexes 4-year working memory performance.

Abstract The hippocampus is a key limbic region involved in higher-order cognitive processes including learning and memory. Although both typical and atypical functional connectivity patterns of the hippocampus have been well-studied in adults, the developmental trajectory of hippocampal connectivity during infancy and how it relates to later working memory performance remains to be elucidated. Here we used resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) during natural sleep to examine the longitudinal development of hippocampal functional connectivity using a large cohort (N = 202) of infants at 3 weeks (neonate), 1 year, and 2 years of age. Next, we used multivariate modeling to investigate the relationship between both cross-sectional and longitudinal growth in hippocampal connectivity and 4-year working memory outcome. Results showed robust local functional connectivity of the hippocampus in neonates with nearby limbic and subcortical regions, with dramatic maturation and increasing connectivity with key default mode network (DMN) regions resulting in adult-like topology of the hippocampal functional connectivity by the end of the first year. This pattern was stabilized and further consolidated by 2 years of age. Importantly, cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of hippocampal connectivity in the first year predicted subsequent behavioral measures of working memory at 4 years of age. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the development of hippocampal functional circuits underlying working memory during this early critical period.
Managua 4:30 P.M.

IN MANAGUA, at the cat house El Abrujo, Sophy, a young whore told me, "I should get one of those pallet mattresses such as the peddlars sell and the people use. Then I could take my business to the soldiers." She was pale and pretty, with dark hair, doll-like, and small-breasted; and she was very angry she wasn't seeing any of her best customers any more. She said she had been used by some of Managua's leading doctors, engineers, and military men, with and without her good friend Alma, the fake blonde; and she truly resented the disuse to which she had been put of late by the curfew, the state of martial law, and the contact bombs at night. Because I did not wish to sleep with her, and had only given her 40 c?rdobas as a tip for talking to me, she claimed she was also very very hungry and would talk much better in the Hotel Incontinental dining room. "I don't wish to feed you," I said. "Why not?" She wiggled her little hips, and there were two blush marks on her pale smooth waxy cheeks. "I am very hungry." "Because you are not my type." "Then you would like my friend the rubia," Sophy said, "Alma ..." "I don't think so. Not now ..."
Abstract T P73: Overcoming Framing Bias in Stroke Neurologists’ Assessments of the Minimally Clinically Important Difference for Novel Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapies

Background: The determination of the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) worth detecting is an essential prerequisite for clinical trial sample size calculation, funding decisions by NIH and other sponsors, and drug or device approval by regulatory agency. However, prior surveys to establish expert judgment of MCID have had a cognitive framing bias by offering response options with midpoints in the 5-15% range, well above the treatment effect actually accepted in practice and national guidelines as worthwhile (1% for acute aspirin). Methods: A 5 item internet-based survey was administered to US academic stroke neurologists. Respondents were asked to indicate, for an acute neuroprotective drug free of side effects, how many patients, per 1000 treated, would need to benefit by achieving freedom from disability at 90 days (mRS 0-2) for the agent to be worthwhile to use in clinical practice? Results: Survey responses were received from 122 of 332 academic stroke neurologists. Among the participants, 38.0% were professors, 24.0% associate professors, 33.1% assistant professors, and 5.0% neurology residents or fellows. All respondents were engaged in stroke clinical care, with cerebrovascular disease accounting for more than half of practice time in over 75%. Categorized responses to the value of the MCID were: 1 per 1000 by 3.3% of respondents, 2-5 in 7.4%, 6-10 by 19.7%, 11-15 by 22.1%, 16-20 by 15.6%, and greater than 20 by 32.0%. The median MCID was 13 (IQR 8 to > 20). Converted to natural base 100 values, the MCID was 1.3% (IQR 0.8% - >2%). Conclusion: When assessed with framing based on clinical practice rather than convenience, vascular neurologists indicated the minimally clinical important difference for a safe agent to be worthwhile to use in acute ischemic stroke is about 1%. Drug and device agencies should consider this value to be the expert opinion MCID for acute ischemic stroke treatments when making regulatory decisions.
Analysis and computer simulation of a delay discriminator

A delay discriminator for extracting information from a frequency modulated communication system is presented and analyzed. Analysis and computer simulations show that the delay discriminator worked indeed as a true discriminator under the guarded conditions.
Software Cost Estimating Models: A Calibration, Validation, and Comparison

This study was a calibration, validation and comparison of four software effort estimation models. The four models evaluated were REVIC, SASET, SEER, and COSTMODL. A historical database was obtained from Space Systems Division, in Los Angeles, and used as the input data. Two software environments were selected, one used to calibrate and validate the models, and the other to show the performance of the models outside their environment of calibration.
Diacridines, bifunctional intercalators—IV.: Effect on nucleolar RNA synthesis

Abstract The inhibition of nucleolar RNA synthesis in HeLa cells by acridines as well as by a series of 9-NH 2 diacridines, connected through their 9-NH 2 groups by hydrocarbon chains from (CH 2 ) 2 to (CH 2 ) 12 , and by the polyamine chains spermidine and spermine, has been investigated. Nucleolar RNA synthesis in HeLa cells is most sensitive to the longer chain diacridines, indicating that double intercalation may be essential for their action. These data are in agreement with the action in vitro of these compounds. However, if the degree of inhibition of nucleolar rRNA synthesis is related to the nuclear uptake, the single intercalators appear to be more effective inhibitors.