cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal bandwidth reservation schedule in cellular networks

Efficient bandwidth allocation strategy with simultaneous fulfillment of QoS requirement of a user in a mobile cellular network is still a critical and an important practical issue. We explore the problem of finding the reservation schedule that would minimize the amount of time for which bandwidth has to be allocated in a cell while meeting the QoS constraint. With the knowledge about the arrival and residence time distribution of a user in a cell, the above problem can be optimally solved using a dynamic programming based approach in polynomial time. To be able to use the solution, we provide a mechanism for constructing the arrival/residence time distribution based on the measurement of hand-off events in a cell. The above solution allows us to propose an optimal time based bandwidth reservation and call admission scheme. By being scalable and distributed, the proposed scheme justifies for practical implementation. Simulations results are also presented to show the effectiveness of the scheme to achieve the target QoS level and optimal bandwidth utilization.
ADHD Symptom Reduction in Elementary Students: A Single-Case Effectiveness Design.

The authors used a single-case design to examine the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy (CCPT) and person-centered teacher consultation (PCTC) for four elementary students identified with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Two students participated in CCPT and their teachers participated in PCTC. Two students participated in reading mentoring and CCPT. Behavioral observations of all students occurred three times per week. Results indicated that two students demonstrated a substantial reduction and two students demonstrated questionable reduction in ADHD symptoms due to participation in CCPT. Implications for elementary school counselors are discussed.
Network Intrusion Detection: Automated and Manual Methods Prone to Attack and Evasion

In this article, the authors describe common intrusion detection techniques, NIDS evasion methods, and how NIDSs detect intrusions. Additionally, the authors introduce new evasion methods, present test results for confirming attack outcomes based on server responses, and propose a methodology for confirming response validity
CudaGIS: report on the design and realization of a massive data parallel GIS on GPUs

We report the preliminary design and realization of a high-performance, general purposed, parallel GIS (CudaGIS), based on the General Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) technologies. Still under active developments, CudaGIS currently supports major types of geospatial data (point, polyline, polygon and raster) and provides modules for spatial indexing, spatial join and other types of geospatial operations on such geospatial data types. Experiments have demonstrated 10-40X on main-memory systems due to GPU accelerations and 1000-10000X speedups over serial CPU implementations and disk-resident systems by integrating additional performance boosting techniques, such as efficient in-memory data structures and algorithmic engineering.
Identifying testing requirements for modified software

Throughout its lifetime, software must be changed for many reasons, such as bug fixing, performance tuning, and code restructuring. Testing modified software is the main activity performed to gain confidence that changes behave as they are intended and do not have adverse effects on the rest of the software. A fundamental problem of testing evolving software is determining whether test suites adequately exercise changes and, if not, providing suitable guidance for generating new test inputs that target the modified behavior. Existing techniques evaluate the adequacy of test suites based only on control- and data-flow testing criteria. They do not consider the effects of changes on program states and, thus, are not sufficiently strict to guarantee that the modified behavior is exercised. Also, because of the lack of this guarantee, these techniques can provide only limited guidance for generating new test inputs. This research has developed techniques that will assist testers in testing evolving software and provide confidence in the quality of modified versions. In particular, this research has developed a technique to identify testing requirements that ensure that the test cases satisfying them will result in different program states at pre-selected parts of the software. This research has also developed supporting techniques for identifying testing requirements. Such techniques include (1) a differencing technique, which computes differences and correspondences between two software versions and (2) two dynamic-impact-analysis techniques, which identify parts of software that are likely affected by changes with respect to a set of executions.
Post-processing of compressed images with side information

This paper investigates the usage of side information for linear post-processing in subband image compression systems. In particular, side information is used to determine a custom synthesis filter bank for each image. It has been shown that perfect reconstruction filters are not optimal in the presence of quantization noise. However, most of the previous related work concentrated on optimizing analysis-synthesis pairs jointly, which requires very strong conditions. Limiting our attention to the decoder, we find optimal synthesis filters by solving a system of regression equations. Neither high-rate quantization, whiteness of the quantization noise, nor optimality of the quantizer is assumed. By allowing transmission of side information, we take a deterministic approach, thus finding the best reconstruction without any constraints such as stationarity. Optimal coefficients are independent of the internal machinery of the quantizers, and can therefore be used with "canned" software packages for post-processing purposes.
Secure open source collaboration: an empirical study of linus' law

Open source software is often considered to be secure. One factor in this confidence in the security of open source software lies in leveraging large developer communities to find vulnerabilities in the code. Eric Raymond declares Linus' Law "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow." Does Linus' Law hold up ad infinitum? Or, can the multitude of developers become "too many cooks in the kitchen", causing the system's security to suffer as a result? In this study, we examine the security of an open source project in the context of developer collaboration. By analyzing version control logs, we quantified notions of Linus' Law as well as the "too many cooks in the kitchen" viewpoint into developer activity metrics. We performed an empirical case study by examining correlations between the known security vulnerabilities in the open source Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 kernel and developer activity metrics. Files developed by otherwise-independent developer groups were more likely to have a vulnerability, supporting Linus' Law. However, files with changes from nine or more developers were 16 times more likely to have a vulnerability than files changed by fewer than nine developers, indicating that many developers changing code may have a detrimental effect on the system's security.
Alternatives to nitric oxide

Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that has the ability to produce vasodilation in the pulmonary vascular bed without causing it in the systemic circulation. This property of INO has made it a useful therapy in the management of both adult and paediatric patients with a variety of conditions associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH), with or without hypoxia. Toxicity, cost and negative-outcome studies have prompted a search for alternative agents. These include inhaled prostacyclin and alternative prostaglandin preparations such as inhaled iloprost, treprostinol and beraprost. The phospodiesterase inhibitors show real potential in the management of both acute and chronic forms of PH, and antagonists of endogenous pulmonary vasoconstrictors, such as endothelin and thromboxane, are being evaluated for the long-term treatment of conditions such as primary pulmonary hypertension.
A Verification-driven Approach to Control Analysis and Tuning

This paper proposes a methodology for the analysis and tuning of controllers using control verification metrics. These metrics, which are introduced in a companion paper, measure the size of the largest uncertainty set of a given class for which the closed-loop specifications are satisfied. This framework integrates deterministic and probabilistic uncertainty models into a setting that enables the deformation of sets in the parameter space, the control design space, and in the union of these two spaces. In regard to control analysis, we propose strategies that enable bounding regions of the design space where the specifications are satisfied by all the closed-loop systems associated with a prescribed uncertainty set. When this is unfeasible, we bound regions where the probability of satisfying the requirements exceeds a prescribed value. In regard to control tuning, we propose strategies for the improvement of the robust characteristics of a baseline controller. Some of these strategies use multi-point approximations to the control verification metrics in order to alleviate the numerical burden of solving a min-max problem. Since this methodology targets non-linear systems having an arbitrary, possibly implicit, functional dependency on the uncertain parameters and for which high-fidelity simulations are available, they are applicable to realistic engineering problems..
PS3-10: Patient of Two Professions: Medicine and Dentistry

Background/Aims The literature in both medicine and dentistry has increasingly focused on conditions relevant to both professions. However, research addressing these conditions is limited by the scope of available data, the size of their samples, and data sets that can be combined. The aim of this project is to create a Dental VDW using data from the three HMORN members that have both medical and dental data (i.e., Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Marshfield, and HealthPartners Institute).
Mirror mode structures in the Jovian magnetosheath

[1] Mirror mode waves are commonly observed in planetary magnetosheaths. Their magnetic signatures are often periodic but occasionally appear as intermittent increases of field magnitude (peaks) or as intermittent decreases (dips). We define quantitative mirror structure identification criteria and statistically analyze the distributions of the various forms. A survey of all the relevant magnetometer data in the Jovian magnetosheath reveals that mirror mode structures are present 61.5% of the time. Two-thirds of the events include waves that are either quasi-periodic or aperiodic, while 19% contain dips and 14% contain peaks. The amplitude and period of quasi-periodic and periodic structures appear to increase as the residence time of the flowing plasma within the sheath increases. Peaks are primarily observed on the dayside in the high β plasmas of the middle magnetosheath. Dips are observed mostly in low β plasma near the magnetopause and on the flanks. A phenomenological model for the evolution of mirror structures that accounts for these observations has been developed. We propose that the mirror structures form near the bow shock and undergo an initial growth phase during which their amplitude increases linearly. Structures that dwell in anisotropic, high β plasma may saturate nonlinearly as described by Kivelson and Southwood [1996]. We interpret field magnitude peaks as the signatures of such nonlinear saturation. Finally, we ascribe the dip signatures to the process of stochastic decay of mirror structures as flow away from the subsolar point carries the structures into lower β plasma.
Impression Formation as a Function of Age, Sex, and Race

Summary The present study examined cognitive differentiation and integration within the framework of an impression formation task, where subjects were required to form an impression of a person who displayed potentially ambivalent behaviors. Sex, age, and race were varied. Main effects as a function of age were found for both differentiation and integration. In addition, major cognitive organizational changes were observed between the ages of 10 and 12 on both measures. Although females were expected to form more differentiated and integrated impressions, this prediction was not confirmed. Racial differences among the males were obtained on the measure of cognitive integration, but not on differentiation. It was also found that the subjects who formed more integrated impressions offered more noncategorical affective responses on a checklist than the subjects who formed less integrated impressions. The findings for differentiation and integration were discussed in terms of Werner's developmental theory. Ra...
Application of distance learning to interactive seminar instruction in orthodontic residency programs

Introduction: A series of experiments involving 3 orthodontic departments has shown that distance learning can be acceptable to residents and effective in teaching concepts that are fundamental to orthodontic practice. Methods: Residents in each department participated in distance seminars, clinical conferences, and clinical seminars via high-speed Internet connections. The acceptability of this form of instruction was judged from evaluation forms completed by the residents. Its effectiveness was judged from pretests and posttests on the seminar topics. Results: The improvement from pretest to posttest scores after observing a sequence of distance seminars was similar to that with direct instruction. Orthodontic residents rated the educational experiences positively. Live participation in seminars via video conferencing was preferred to live observation or later observation of a recording, but observation provided similar improvement in test scores. Conclusions: The acceptability of the distance seminars appeared to be influenced by the instructor’s personality and teaching style in facilitating interaction, the seminar subject, the residents’ comfort level in dealing with this technology, and the sequence for interaction vs observation. Further development of recorded seminars with live follow-up discussions has the potential to supplement instruction in graduate orthodontic programs and help with the impending shortage of experienced full-time orthodontic faculty.
Heart rate reduction in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris: experiences with a sinus node inhibitor.

The underlying concept in the pathophysiologic characteristics of angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery obstructive disease is a mismatch between myocardial oxygen demands and coronary blood flow. 1, 2 Myocardial oxygen consumption increases in response to physical or emotional stresses or both, and in certain pathophysiologic states such as sepsis. In obstructive coronary disease, the vasculature may not be able to meet the myocardial oxygen demands, and ischemia develops. 1 Therapy in angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia involves the restoration of a more favorable balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, which includes interventions to increase coronary supply (bypass surgery, atherectomy, balloon angioplasty, coronary vasodilators) and drugs to decrease demand (~-adrenergic blockers)J, 3 Many investigators have concluded that heart race (HR) is the most important determinant of myocardial oxygen demand, overshadowing myocardial contractility and left ventricular wall tension. 46 We review the experience with a new class of drugs, the sinus node inhibitors, in the t reatment of angina pectoris. This experience has shed light on the role of HR reduction alone in relieving myocardial ischemia and has raised new questions regarding the mechanisms by which certain antianginal drugs provide their clinical benefits.
Prenatal and Postnatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Children’s Health

Children's exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is perhaps the most ubiquitous and hazardous of children's environmental exposures. A large literature links both prenatal maternal smoking and children's ETS exposure to decreased lung growth and increased rates of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and childhood asthma, with the severity of these problems increasing with increased exposure. Sudden infant death syndrome, behavioral problems, neurocognitive decrements, and increased rates of adolescent smoking also are associated with such exposures. Studies of each of these problems suggest independent effects of both pre- and postnatal exposure for each, with the respiratory risk associated with parental smoking seeming to be greatest during fetal development and the first several years of life.
Lubricants and overcoats for magnetic storage media

Continued increases in hard disk data storage densities will place increasing burdens on the ultra-thin (
On the Growth, Limiting Thickness and Dominant Eddy Scale of Turbulent Shearing Layers in the Atmosphere,

The growth of an unbounded, density-stratified, turbulent shearing layer in the presence of a gravity field is studied using the postulate of marginal instability. It is found, for a similarity mean velocity and density distribution, that after a rapid initial growth rate the growth slows asymptotically to zero as the Richardson number approaches a value of 1/4. Furthermore, the theory predicts a constant dominant turbulent eddy scale in all but the initial stages of growth of the turbulent shearing layer. Both the general growth characteristics and the constant dominant turbulent eddy scale predicted by the theory are confirmed by experimental data.
Instantaneous GPS attitude determination

The author describes a procedure for instantaneous GPS (Global Positioning System) attitude determination, i.e., a solution for the GPS integrated carrier Doppler wavelength ambiguities using only measurements at a single epoch. Most previous techniques for solving the phase ambiguity problem have required some form of time history processing relying on GPS satellite and/or user motion to provide enough geometry change to eliminate false solutions. The algorithm described assumes three nonlinear antennas and integrated carrier Doppler measurements from four or more satellites. Double-difference processing provides at least three independent observables for the two antenna separation vectors to compute the three attitude Euler angles. The results obtained also suggest that arbitrarily large separations can be resolved since unambiguous carrier-smoothed pseudorange measurements could provide a coarse measurement with an accuracy falling within the resolution range of the algorithm presented. >
Metric fixed point theory: a brief retrospective

These remarks are based on a talk the writer gave at the 11th International Conference in Fixed Point Theory and Applications, held at Galatasaray University in Istanbul, Turkey, July 20-24, 2015. They represent selected thoughts on a career in research, largely devoted to metric fixed point theory, that has spanned over 50 years.
Phylogenetics of New World Astragalus: Screening of novel nuclear loci for the reconstruction of phylogenies at low taxonomic levels

Abstract Scherson, R. A. (Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.; rascherson@ucdavis.edu), H.-K. Choi (Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.; hchoi@ucdavis.edu), D. R. Cook (Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.; drcook@ucdavis.edu) & M. J. Sanderson (Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.; mjsanderson@ucdavis.edu). Phylogenetics of New World Astragalus: Screening of novel nuclear loci for the reconstruction of phylogenies at low taxonomic levels. Brittonia 57: 354–366. 2005.—This study explores methods to use information gathered from genomics technology to understand evolutionary relationships in the hyperdiverse legume group Neo-Astragalus. These species inhabit deserts and mountains of North and South America, and even though the monophyly of the group is well established, relationships within it are still poorly understood. Pla...
Political Cognition and Rationality

It was this combination of toughness and restraint, of will, nerve and wisdom, so brilliantly controlled, so matchlessly calibrated.... Before the missile crisis people might have feared that we would use our power extravagantly.... (Schlesinger, 1965, p. 841).
Rescuing effects of RXR agonist bexarotene on aging-related synapse loss depend on neuronal LRP1

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a critical role in maintaining synaptic integrity by transporting cholesterol to neurons through the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein-1 (LRP1). Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, has been reported to have potential beneficial effects on cognition by increasing brain apoE levels and lipidation. To investigate the effects of bexarotene on aging-related synapse loss and the contribution of neuronal LRP1 to the pathway, forebrain neuron-specific LRP1 knockout (nLrp1(-/-)) and littermate control mice were administered with bexarotene-formulated diet (100mg/kg/day) or control diet at the age of 20-24 months for 8 weeks. Upon bexarotene treatment, levels of brain apoE and ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1) were significantly increased in both mice. While levels of PSD95, glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit (NR1), which are key postsynaptic proteins that regulate synaptic plasticity, were decreased with aging, they were restored by bexarotene treatment in the brains of control but not nLrp1(-/-) mice. These results indicate that the beneficial effects of bexarotene on synaptic integrity depend on the presence of neuronal LRP1. However, we also found that bexarotene treatment led to the activation of glial cells, weight loss and hepatomegaly, which are likely due to hepatic failure. Taken together, our results demonstrate that apoE-targeted treatment through the RXR pathway has a potential beneficial effect on synapses during aging; however, the therapeutic application of bexarotene requires extreme caution due to its toxic side effects.
Precipitation of Drugs Due to Injection or Dilution

A simple graphical technique is developed to predict whether a solubilized drug solution will become supersaturated (and thus have a potential for precipitation) when it is diluted with water.
Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Experimental Colon Cancer

The effects of insoluble dietary fiber on colonic carcinogenesis in animal models can be summarized by stating that this type of fiber inhibits, enhances, and has no effect on development of intestinal tumors. This vague conclusion is predicated on the fact that any assessment of the role of dietary fiber in studies of colonic carcinogenesis can only be made with an appreciation of the many sources of variability that contribute to the confusion surrounding the effect of fiber on the tumorigenic process.
The Maryland Records in the Revolutionary War

The care of public records during a war has always been a responsibility of peacetime custodians who have had to evaluate the dangers from invading armies, from friendly soldiers, and from shells, bombs, and fire. The custodians are, in general, ill equipped for this responsibility, and if they were to ask the military for advice, they would usually be worse off than if they had relied on their own common sense. Many examples of the unfortunate dispersal of records are to be found in the history of the last world war. Who would have guessed that the Hotel de Ville of Paris would become the headquarters of the underground and that it would have to hold out against a seige? Who would have known that the attack on Italy would come from the south, thereby imperiling the records that had been brought to Sicily and Monte Cassino in order to be protected against a breakthrough in the north such as that of Caporetto in World War I?1 As the Germans abandoned the city, the Brussels Hotel de Ville, with its records, was burned by the Belgians themselves in order to destroy the personnel dossiers which the Nazi had accumulated there. Also, in our own Civil War the records of eastern Virginia were removed to Richmond for safekeeping. There they were lost in the fire on the day that Lee abandoned the city. Much of the same sort of thing happened in the American Revolution. The records of Georgia were moved to Savannah, then to Charleston. South Carolina's records found their way somehow to Baltimore; North Carolina had no fixed capital at the time, and presumably the records were kept in wagons or buried.2 Delaware had put its records on board a boat in a river
Human Dignity in Constitutional Adjudication

This chapter, for a forthcoming research handbook of comparative constitutional law, provides a broad overview of comparative case law and scholarship regarding the use of the idea of human dignity in constitutional adjudication. The chapter notes both the core common meanings accorded to the status and the principle of dignity, and also the high degree of variation and indeterminacy that they have in a variety of contentious contexts. The chapter then proposes a loose taxonomy of (a) different categories of constitutional issues in which human dignity is invoked, and (b) different functional purposes that the judicial invocation and discussion of human dignity typically serves. The overall aim is to help provide a framework for ongoing research and analysis of human dignity across a variety of different constitutional and international jurisdictions.
Type studies in the Hydnaceae - VI. The genera Creolophus, Echinodontium, Gloiodon, and Hydnodon

Climacodon P. Karsten, Rev. Myc. 31: 20. I88I. The genus Creolophus Karst. was established on Hydnum corrugatum Fr. as the type. No type specimen of this species was found at Upsala bult several specimens in the herbarium collected by P. A. Karsten, E. Th. Fries, and Fr. Kjellman in Sweden and Finland were referred to this species. All of these agree perfectly with Fries's description and may be regarded as authentic representatives of the species. They do not appear to be generically different from H. septentrionale Fr., having much the same form, color, and fleshy or subfleshy substance. The species has not yet been positively recognized as an American form. Climacodon Karst. was established on Hydnum septentrionale Fr. and is, therefore, a metonym of Creolophus. We have hitherto included the species of this genus in the genus Steccherinum. The peculiar fleshy or subfleshy character of the substance of these plants, so strikingly different from the dry and tough fibrous character of typical Steccherrinum, has convinced us that they should be maintained in a separate genus for which a name has already been provided by Prof. Karsten.
The isolation and characterization of the polymers formed during the thermal oxidation of corn oil

It has been shown that thermal oxidation of corn oil at 200°C. caused the formation of polymeric material. A combination of urea fractionation and molecular distillation was employed to concentrate the polymeric material. Further fractionation of the polymer concentrates was performed with the aid of solvent-extraction procedures. These procedures resulted in the isolation of several polymer fractions with molecular weights ranging from 692 to 1,600. Analyses of the fractions indicated that they were of high oxygen content and that they contained unsaturation, difficult to remove by hydrogenation. The oxygen present in the fractions was shown to be in the form of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The polymeric materials could be linked together in a noncyclic structure.
Female and Male Specialization in Parental Care and Its Consequences in Black-Billed Magpies

The breeding biology of a small population of individually marked Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) was studied from 1978 through 1981 in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. Mates cooperated extensively in nest building, defense of nest site, and care of eggs, nestlings, and fledglings. The two sexes specialized in different types of parental care, with the result that both parents were needed to fledge young. Of the types of parental care that I was able to measure, males contributed more than females to raising young and were also more active in expelling intruders and driving away predators. Feeding of young peaked the week after fledging and parental care continued for another 5 to 6 weeks. Individual variability in parental behavior and two cases of the care of young by unrelated adults are also discussed.
Becoming Wise: A Psycho-Gerontological Interpretation of the Book of Job

The Book of Job, a prototypical “wisdom” text from the fifth or sixth century B.C.E., powerfully articulates a good man's struggle to understand unexpected misfortune. In coming to terms with his suffering and gaining understanding of his place in the universe, Job demonstrates the complex, dynamic yet integrative nature of growing wise. Drawing on our synthetic model of wisdom, we claim wisdom occurs in personality, cognition, and conation that transforms intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal experience. We discuss gender-specific obstacles that Job overcomes in attaining wisdom by analyzing modern interpretations of the text, which underscore its perdurance in a post-modern age.
Non-communicable Diseases: An Epidemiological and Medical Treatment Scape: Threat of the Three-headed Hydra

Copyright: © 2014 Miguez-Burbano MJ. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Infectious diseases are now being rivaled, and soon will be surpassed, by non-communicable diseases [1]. As a result, the United Nations have set a goal for 2025: to reduce non-communicable diseases (NCD) by 25% [1-3]. To target this burden there is a pressing need to address some of the most prevalent NCDs. As discussed in more detail later, we have selected 3 NCDs: high blood pressure (HBP), which is now recognized as “the silent killer” (head 1=affects one billion people worldwide); obesity (head 2=2.3 billion overweight adults in the world by 2015) and osteoporosis (head 3 ≥ 200 million people worldwide) [4-7].
The Modality of Narrative A Critique of Some Recent Views of Narrative in Theology

Ce qui est en jeu dans la critique de l'A. n'est pas la forme narrative dans laquelle l'experience se trouve deja mais plutot les preconditions du recit, conditions que l'on pourrait appeler narrativisation, c'est-a-dire maniere dont ce qui est narrable surgit pour le sujet. Pour discuter de cela, on peut regarder a trois endroits: le structuralisme, les theories psychanalytiques du recit, a la phenomenologie de Paul Ricoeur (a son cercle du recit). Selon l'A., la notion de recit comme mise en acte du desir humain va plus loin que toutes les theories dans l'explication des satisfactions procurees par le recit
Elevated admission international normalized ratio strongly predicts mortality in victims of abusive head trauma.

BACKGROUND: Victims of abusive head trauma have poor outcomes compared to other injured children. There is often a delay in diagnosis as these young patients are unable to communicate with healthcare providers. These critically injured patients would benefit from early identification and therapy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of our single hospital trauma registry from 2005-2014. All level 1 pediatric (age 0-17) trauma patients who sustained abusive head trauma were included. Exclusion criteria included: no admission coagulation studies, prehospital product transfusion, preexisting coagulation disorder or death upon arrival. Primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes were early blood transfusion and neurosurgical intervention.Univariate analysis included Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum testing; we then performed logistic regression modeling and calculated adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to control for known predictors of poor outcome including hypotension, hypothermia, acidosis, ISS, and Head AIS. RESULTS: In 101 total subjects, 35% (n=35) had INR≥1.3 on admission. On univariate analysis, patients with coagulation dysregulation were more likely to have hypothermia, hypotension, acidosis, high ISS and low GCS (all p1.3, pCONCLUSIONS: Admission INR≥1.3 strongly predicts mortality in abusive head trauma. These patients should be targeted for early aggressive interventions and monitoring with the goal of improving patient outcomes. Further study is warranted to investigate potential therapeutic targets in trauma-induced coagulation dysregulation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, prognostic and epidemiological. Language: en
The World Trampoline Development and Competitive Strength Pattern

Modern trampoline has gone through more than 60 years development course since 1940s trampoline gymnastics became an official sport in the USA.it not only created the Trampoline World Championships,world cup trampoline series,and become the world games and the Olympic Games official event.A total of 29 countries or regions' trampoline players share the 28 medals in trampoline World Championships and the Olympic Games.This paper,on the foundation of the Trampoline World Championships and Olympic Games athletes participating countries(regions) and medal distribution as well as statistical analysis,tries to study the historical changing character of world trampoline powers.
Virtue acquisition: The paradox of striving

AbstractAristotelian-inspired accounts of virtue acquisition stress guided practice and habituated action to develop virtue. This emphasis on action can lead to the ‘paradox of striving’. The paradox occurs when we try too hard to act well and thereby spoil our efforts. I identify four forms of striving—forcing, impulsivity, overthinking, and holding oneself to too high a standard—and explain how they can cause our actions to miss the virtuous mark. Though neo-Aristotelians can offer remedies for these ills, I turn in the rest of this article to explore an approach to virtue inspired by the life and work of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi stresses receptivity to personal transformation and turning inward through meditative practice as ways in which we can attain the inner states needed for virtuous action. In consequence, a Gandhian approach offers a rather different analysis of the paradox of striving than that given by neo-Aristotelianism.
Shortening of the electromechanical window in the ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized guinea pig model to assess pro-arrhythmic risk in early drug development

Abstract Background A negative electromechanical window (EMw) was recently proposed as a better preclinical tool than QTc interval to predict clinical pro-arrhythmic potential. As such, we utilized the ketamine/xylazine anesthetized guinea pig to characterize the EMw and QTc interval for a diverse set of reference agents with known clinical pro-arrhythmic potential. Then we determined the clinical proarrhythmia predictive capacity of EMw shortening compared to hERG inhibition or QTc interval prolongation alone. Methods Changes in EMw and QTc interval by 26 reference agents were evaluated in the ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized guinea pig. Confusion matrix analysis using the hERG, QTc and EMw indexes (hERG IC50, QTc EC5 or the EMw EC− 10 divided by their respective free therapeutic maximal plasma concentration) at various folds the therapeutic concentrations was conducted to assess the concordance of each index to predict clinical pro-arrhythmic risk. Results Shortening of the EMw concomitant to an increase in QTc interval was observed in the GP with known pro-arrhythmic drugs. Non-torsadogenic compounds did not cause EMw shortening, although some prolonged the QTc interval. The preclinical:clinical concordance of the EMw index (88%) was similar (p > 0.05) to using QTc interval prolongation alone (85%) but significantly greater (p 95%). Conclusion EMw shortening improves QTc interval prolongation recording in early drug development and increases the translatability over existing preclinical tools in predicting clinical arrhythmias.
Body image, aging, and identity in women over 50: The Gender and Body Image (GABI) study

We conducted a qualitative study of 1,849 women over age 50 to capture the thoughts, feelings, and attitudes that women at middle age have about their bodies and the experience of aging. Via an open-ended question online survey, four primary themes emerged: (a) the physical and psychological experience of aging; (b) the injustices, inequities, and challenges of aging; (c) the importance of self-care; and (d) a plea for recognition of the need to maintain a contributory role in society. Results highlight the complexities of women's psychological and physical aspects of aging and point toward important topics worthy of further study in this growing population.
Loss of miR-10b triggers depletion of interstitial cells of Cajal in diabetic mice

B acute and chronic hyperglycemias in diabetes are linked to gastrointestinal (GI) complications that can change normal function of motility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The most common pathological abnormality in diabetic patients in the GI tract is characterized by depletion of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). ICCs are pacemakers in the GI tract that regulate GI motility through spontaneous electrical slow waves. ICCs exclusively express the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT, which is required for the normal development and maintenance of ICCs. However, underlying molecular mechanisms in depletion of ICCs in diabetic patients are largely elusive. Here we report a microRNA mediated ICC depletion in the diabetic animal model. We identified miR-10b-5p as a diabetic cell marker that was dramatically diminished in the diabetic ICCs. MiR-10b-5p targets an epigenetic repressor, nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 (NCOR2), which negatively regulates expression of KIT. Expression of KIT and NCOR2 proteins was negatively related in diabetic intestine where KIT+ ICCs were found in lower concentration. ICC restricted miR-10b knockout in mice resulted in depletion of ICCs in the intestine. Our findings on KIT regulation by miR-10b-5p targeted NCOR2 offer a new insight into how ICCs is phenotypically changed and become non functional in diabetic conditions. Moreover, this study suggests miR-10b-5p may be potentially an attractive therapeutic target to restore KIT expression in diabetic ICCs of patients with GI dysmotility.
Traditions of engagement and ethnography

In 1907, William Jones made his way up the Cagayan River in northern Luzon Province of the Philippines. In a letter posted back to the United States he wrote, “I am sojourning with a Negrito-Malay people called Ilongots, who dwell in lofty booths on poles and in the forks of trees.” He was excited to be among a headhunting jungle society, yet also repelled by the “savagery” that he witnessed. Two years later he was speared and cut down with bolo knives at a bend in the river by Ilongot warriors. The attack came in response to unfortunate events that might have been reminiscent of the fate of James Cook: Jones had argued about boats, been impatient and unwise in dealing with local clans and, at the last moment, seemed to be taking a local elder, Takadan, hostage until he could have his demands satisfied. In Jones' case those demands centered on balsa rafts that the Ilongot were supposed to build and guide for him downriver. The need for so many rafts was unusual, but Jones had a large cargo: extensive collections of baskets, weapons, fish traps, and models of local dwellings bound for the Field Museum in Chicago.
An automatic-optimization-decoupling-technology-based network partitioning methodology for electromagnetic transient simulation

Network partitioning is widely used in power system simulation to accelerate simulation process. Due to uneven or non-optimize network partitioning and extension of the simulation process caused by manual network partitioning in the past work, an automatic network partitioning methodology based on automatic optimization decoupling technology (AODT) is developed in this study for electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation in large power networks. The methodology is based on the combination of the long transmission line decoupling algorithm and the node-splitting algorithm, and the number of the subnetworks to be divided can be either specified or unspecified. The methodology will be tested on a real power network using Advanced Digital Power System Simulator (ADPSS).
Equity Versus Asset Acquisitions in the REIT Industry

We examine the differing influences of equity and asset acquisitions in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) considering the prevalence of REIT asset acquisitions as frequent and major investment decisions. We examine the impact of asset purchase announcements on market returns, operating performance, and dividend payout. Our results suggest that asset acquisitions are better for the acquiring firm than equity acquisitions. Specifically, we find that equity acquisitions result in significantly negative market reactions, where asset acquisitions do not. Both equity and asset acquisitions have a negative influence on operating performance; however, the effect is significantly less for asset acquisitions.
TO PASS ON A GOOD EARTH: The Life and Work of Carl O. Sauer

To Pass on a Good Earth: The Life and Work of Carl O. Sauer. By Michael Williams, with David Lowenthal and William M. Denevan. xviii and 252 pp.; ills., bibliog., index. Charlottesville, Va.: Unive...
Successful Reversal of Bradycardia and Dyspnea With Aminophylline After Ticagrelor Load

A 69-year-old male underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention requiring placement of a drug-eluting stent to the first obtuse marginal artery. Four hours following the administration of a ticagrelor loading dose, he developed dyspnea and sinus pauses. Aminophylline was administered and resulted in immediate and sustained symptom resolution. Ticagrelor has been associated with dyspnea and bradyarrhythmias, both attributed to increased adenosine exposure. Ticagrelor inhibits reuptake of intracellular adenosine. Adenosine antagonists aminophylline and theophylline have been utilized to reverse the effects of adenosine and may relieve adenosine-mediated adverse effects induced by ticagrelor therapy. Aminophylline may be considered for reversal of dyspnea and bradyarrhythmia associated with ticagrelor therapy through alterations in adenosine exposure.
Cannabidiol: Swinging the Marijuana Pendulum From ‘Weed’ to Medication to Treat the Opioid Epidemic

Epidemics require a paradigm shift in thinking about all possible solutions. The rapidly changing sociopolitical marijuana landscape provides a foundation for the therapeutic development of medicinal cannabidiol to address the current opioid abuse crisis.
Comparisons of Karl Fischer method with oven methods for determination of water in forages and animal feeds

In a comparative study of the Karl Fischer method with oven methods for determination of water in forages and animal feeds, oven methods yielded the following relative recoveries (expressed as a percentage of the recovery obtained by the Karl Fischer method) for hay, haylage, and corn silage, respectively: (1) drying at 135°C for 2 h (AOAC 930.15), 113, 162, and 133%; (2) drying at 104°C for 3 h (AOAC 935.29), 96, 122, and 113%; and (3) drying at 104°C for 6 h, 97, 129, and 117%. Relative recoveries for nonurea-containing and urea-containing feed, respectively, were as follows : (1) drying at 135°C for 2 h (AOAC 930.15), 116 and 2746%; (2) drying at 104°C for 3 h (AOAC 935.29), 88 and 239%; (3) drying at 95°C for 5 h under vacuum (AOAC 934.01), 83 and 727%; (4) drying at 104°C for 6 h, 90 and 427%; and (5) drying at 110°C for 3 h, 94 and 425%. Preliminary near-infrared reflectance calibrations for water (moisture) based on the Karl Fischer method were promising (r 2 = 0.98; standard error of calibration = 0.20).
Effect of the rock dimension on surfactant imbibition rate in the Middle Member of Bakken: Creating a model for frac design

Abstract As an unconventional energy resource, the Bakken Formation has long been considered an important source rock for oil in the Williston Basin. The naturally fractured Bakken Formation consists of thin shale and silty carbonate sequences, capable of producing oil at economic rates when completed using hydraulically fractured horizontal wells. However, because of its low permeability and oil-wet characters, the primary recovery values are still low. As part of our effort to assess the potential for imbibition to recover oil from tight rocks, we performed spontaneous imbibition experiments using brine and surfactant for different dimensions of cores from the Middle Member of the Bakken Formation in North Dakota. The effect of length of the core on imbibition rate in the cores was measured for brine and surfactants. The purpose of this study is to create a model which can be basis for development of design of hydraulic fracturing of the formation. These cores from Bakken were silt stone, limestone, and shale interlayers in lithology. To the point of scaling the dimension of the core from laboratory to a field application, the large area of fluid contact will promote higher imbibition rate and faster oil recovery from the rock. Although oil recovery was low during brine imbibition into the oil-wet cores, alkali/surfactant solution recovered approximately 30–45% of the oil based on the laboratory results. We found higher oil recovery factor was achieved from surfactant imbibition more than just used brine. As would be expected, a given level oil recovery was reached faster in shorter cores than in longer cores in same diameters. The shorter core has a larger ratio of surface area to volume. A model which describes the relationship between Peak Oil recovery and surface areas for cores was derived.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update.

Summary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to many human neoplasms including hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal tumors. Since our original review of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in 2007, many advances and developments have been reported. In this review, we will examine the recent advances in EBV-associated lymphoid/histiocytic proliferations, dividing them into reactive, B cell, T/NK cell, immunodeficiency-related, and histiocytic/dendritic cell proliferations.
Complete stability analysis of a heuristic approximate dynamic programming control design

This paper provides new stability results for Action-Dependent Heuristic Dynamic Programming (ADHDP), using a control algorithm that iteratively improves an internal model of the external world in the autonomous system based on its continuous interaction with the environment. We extend previous results for ADHDP control to the case of general multi-layer neural networks with deep learning across all layers. In particular, we show that the introduced control approach is uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) under specific conditions on the learning rates, without explicit constraints on the temporal discount factor. We demonstrate the benefit of our results to the control of linear and nonlinear systems, including the cart-pole balancing problem. Our results show significantly improved learning and control performance as compared to the state-of-the-art.