cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of AE based condition indicators for full ceramic bearing fault diagnosis

Full ceramic bearings are considered the first step towards full ceramic, oil free engines in the future. No research on full ceramic bearing fault diagnostics using acoustic emission (AE) sensors has been reported. Unlike their steel counterparts, AE fault characteristic features of full ceramic bearings and effective signal processing methods for extracting these characteristic features have not been established. In this paper, the development and evaluation of AE based condition indicators (CIs) for full ceramic bearing fault detection and diagnosis are presented. The AE based CIs are developed using an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based AE feature extraction method and evaluated by testing bearings with seeded outer race, inner race, ball, and cage faults on a bearing diagnostic test rig.
Induction of 25-OH-vitamin D3 24- and 23-hydroxylase activities m partially purified renal extracts from pigs given exogenous 1,25-(OH)22D3

Abstract A renal mitochondrial cytochrome P 450 preparation from pigs treated with exogenous 1,25-(OH)2D3 was reconstituted with an NADPH-generating system, adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase. The reconstituted system catalyzed the conversion of the substrate, 25-OH-D[in3], to metabolites comigrating with authentic 23,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 in both straight- and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography systems, which achieve separation of these metabolites from each other as well as from other vitamin D metabolites. The putative 23,25-(OH)2D3 product was resistant to periodate treatment, while the 24,25-(OH)[in2]D3 product was sensitive, providing additional evidence for the identity of the products. Although induction of 24-hydroxylase activity has been studied using renal homogenates from several species, only recently have techniques become available to study the activity of the enzyme in a solubilized and reconstituted form. Using these techniques, the present study shows that production of24,25-(OH)2D3 was increased more than 80-fold with 1, 25-(OH)2D3 treatment compared with untreated controls, an effect much greater than that previously observed with homogenates. In addition, production of both 23,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 varied with substrate concentration and was consistent with a monooxygenase-linked enzyme reaction. (Steroids 55:395–398, 1990)
Ferric-ferrous equilibria in K2O-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 melts

Abstract Seventy-five K2O-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 liquids were equilibrated in air between 1123°C and 1596°C. The bulk compositions of the quenched glasses range from 35 to 85 wt.% SiO2, 3 to 41 wt.% Fe2O3, 0 to 5 wt.% FeO, and 11 to 34 wt.% K2O. Despite the volatilization of significant amounts of potassium in many of the high-temperature runs, no gradients in K2O, SiO2, or total iron were observed from electron microprobe transects of the 75 quenched glass beads. This result strongly suggests that the rate of K diffusion in the melt is faster than the rate of K volatilization at the gas/melt interface. The individual quenched glass beads were homogenous in their ferric-ferrous ratios as well, which further suggests that iron-redox equilibrium was achieved in these experiments. The ferric-ferrous data were used to derive a symmetric, regular solution model, with a standard error of 0.18 wt.% in the prediction of FeO in peralkaline K2O-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 liquids. Compositional trends for redox equilibrium in the potassic silicate liquids contrast with those found in sodic and calcic silicate liquids, as well as magmatic liquids. The effect of increasing K2O is to decrease the ferric-ferrous ratio in peralkaline, iron-rich (>3 wt.%), K2O-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 liquids. These results are discussed in terms of three compositional effects that influence iron-redox equilibria in silicate melts: 1) charge-balancing of Fe3+; 2) coordination change of Fe3+; and 3) the activity of O2− in the melt.
Dynamical Model Simulation of the Morning Boundary Layer Development in Deep Mountain Valleys

Abstract A dry, two-dimensional version of the Colorado State University Multi-dimensional Cloud/Mesoscale Model was used to study the cross-valley evolution of the wind and temperature structures in an idealized east-west oriented mountain valley. Two simulations were performed, one in which the valley was heated symmetrically and a second in which a mid-latitude heating distribution was imposed. Both runs were initiated identically with a stable layer filling the valley to ridgetop and a neutral layer above the ridge. A specified sinusoidal surface potential temperature flux function approximating the diurnal cycle forced the model at the lower boundary. The results of the two simulations were remarkably similar. The model realistically reproduced the gross features found in actual valleys in both structure and timing. The simulated inversions were destroyed three and one-half hours after sunrise as a result of a neutral layer growing up from the surface meeting a descending inversion top. Slope winds w...
The Pragmatic Function of Children's Questions

The purpose or this study was to investigate the pragmatic function of preschool children's spontaneously produced questions. Twenty-four normal children between the ages of 2 and 5 years were obse...
Self-heat reliability considerations on Intel's 22nm Tri-Gate technology

This paper describes various measurements on self-heat performed on Intel's 22nm process technology, and outlines its reliability implications. Comparisons to thermal modeling results and analytical data show excellent matching.
Sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons: blockade by intravenous naproxen infusion.

Abstract We have previously observed that migraine attacks impervious to triptan therapy were readily terminated by subsequent i.v. administration of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketorolac. Since such attacks were associated with periorbital allodynia—a symptom of central sensitization—we examined whether infusion of the NSAID naproxen can block sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons in the medullary dorsal horn, using in vivo single-unit recording in the rat. Topical exposure of the cerebral dura to inflammatory soup (IS) for 5 min resulted in a short-term burst of activity ( 120 min) neuronal hyper-responsiveness to stimulation of the dura and periorbital skin (group 1). Infusion of naproxen (1 mg/kg) 2 h after IS (group 1) brought all measures of neuronal responsiveness back to the baseline values recorded prior to IS, and depressed ongoing spontaneous activity well below baseline. When given preemptively 1 h before IS (group 2), naproxen blocked the short-term burst of activity and every long-term measure of neuronal hyper-responsiveness that was studied in the central neurons. The same preemptive treatment, however, failed to block IS-induced short-term bursts of activity in C-unit meningeal nociceptors (group 3). The results suggest that parenteral administration of naproxen, unlike triptan therapy, can exert direct inhibition over central trigeminovascular neurons in the dorsal horn. Though impractical as a routine migraine therapy, parenteral NSAID administration should be useful as a non-narcotic rescue therapy for migraine in the setting of the emergency department.
Ultra-sensitive, label-free probing of the conformational characteristics of amyloid beta aggregates with a SERS active nanofluidic device

One of the primary pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease is the formation of neutric plaques in the brain. The aggregation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is central to the formation of these plaques and thus trace detection and characterization of these aggregates can have significant implications for understanding and diagnosing diseases. Here we have demonstrated a label-free surface enhanced Raman scattering technique combined with nanofluidics that is able to sensitively detect Aβ aggregates and to characterize their structural and surface properties at concentrations that are much lower than the limit of detection of existing instrumentation. With our device we have successfully detected Aβ aggregates formed at a very low concentration range of 10 fM to 1 μM and shown that the extent of protein aggregation and its resulting conformational characteristics are dependent on the initial Aβ concentration. The ability to observe the early stages of the aggregation process with analytical techniques, like that demonstrated here, could help to develop a better understanding of the conditions which lead to conformational disease, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
Control of interface shape in the vertical bridgman-stockbarger technique

Abstract At very slow travel rates the solid-liquid interface shape (from the viewpoint of the solid) is convex when it lies within the heater and concave when it lies within the cooler. The dependence of interface position on travel rate, geometry of the ampoule, and on the relative temperatures of the heater and cooler increases as the effectiveness of heat transfer between ampoule and the surroundings diminishes and as the thermal conductivity of the material increases (at least for low travel rates).
A modified HEM system for optical crystal growth with high melting temperature

This paper considers a modified heat exchanger method (HEM) crystal growth system that combines the advantages of traditional HEM systems and Bridgman systems. New design consists of two heating units at the sidewalls, similar to the Bridgman design, and one cooling system at the bottom of the furnace, similar to the HEM design. A transient numerical model is developed to simulate optical crystal growth process in the proposed system. Melt flow and heat transfer as well as the solidification process inside the crucible has been simulated together with the heat conduction and radiation phenomena in the entire furnace. The simulation results show that the modified HEM system is particularly suitable for growing large single crystals that need accurate control of thermal environment. Benefited from the unidirectional solidification, the temperature gradient inside the crystal during the growth process is reduced, subsequently less undesirable defects and cracks. Meanwhile, the seeding process is also well controlled by a hemispherical convex interface at the bottom of the crucible due to the cooling effect of the heat exchanger.
Competition for soil water between perennial bunch-grass (Elymus glaucus B.B.) and blue oak seedlings (Quercus douglasii H. & A.)

The competition effects of the perennial bunch-grass (Elymus glaucus B.B.) on the growth and survival of the oak seedlings (Quercus douglasii H. & A.) were investigated. There were four levels of Elymus competition, replicated three times. The three densities ofElymus employed were zero (control), 50 (Low — ‘L’ -), 116 (Medium — ‘M’ -) and 199 (High — ‘H’ -) plants m−2. Rates of soil water depletion, stomatal conductance, transpiration, shoot elongation and leaf expansion rates were measured between 23 March and 26 May 1988. Rates of soil water depletion, stomatal conductance and transpiration differed amongst the treatments and were higher in the control for the duration of the experiment. Shoot elongation rate (SER) and leaf expansion rate (LER) of blue oak seedling were directly related to soil water potentials. Zero values of LER rates for all treatments were observed at soil water potentials lower than−1.91 MPa, and concurrent reductions of stomatal conductance indicated stomatal closure due to the soil water deficit. In the control treatment, transpiration alone was not high enough to deplete soil moisture and to reduce LER of the oak seedlings. Leaf dessication occurred first in the H and M treatments (53% of seedlings dessicated) and two weeks later in the L treatment (37% dessicated) when the soil water potential was approximately −4.0 MPa. The number of reproductive tillers and seed dry weight indicated thatElymus plants were under water stress from April 25 and concluded on May 25 with an early summer dormancy in all treatments. Data indicated that light intensity of 50% of ambient did not limit the development of oak seedlings. The results suggested that density of the perennial bunch-grassElymus glaucus lower than 50 plants m−2 could allow survival and successful establishment of blue oak in understories.
Service system finance: implications for children with depression and manic depression

An estimated 6.2% of children in the United States satisfy the criteria for a depression diagnosis, but approximately half of this group do not receive necessary treatment. Thus it is important to consider potential barriers to use through service system finance. This article reviews three major types of changes affecting access: parity legislation, managed care, and public contracting. How these developments will affect children with depression and manic depression (DMD) is unclear. To better understand the potential effects on children with DMD, this review uses new data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to describe the service use patterns of this population. These children have higher levels of expenditures, higher rates of inpatient use, and higher rates of Medicaid payment than do other children with mental health diagnoses; they also are overrepresented among the costliest cases of mental illness in children. Children with DMD pay a relatively low out-of-pocket share, suggesting that parity efforts focusing only on copayments and deductibles will have little effect on the absolute out-of-pocket burden for these children. Because children with DMD are overrepresented among high utilizers of health services, health care rationing arrangements or techniques, such as utilization review and capitation, may place this population at particular risk.
Performance of KCl:Eu2+ storage phosphor dosimeters for low-dose measurements

Recent research has demonstrated that europium doped potassium chloride (KCl:Eu(2+)) storage phosphor material has the potential to become the physical foundation of a novel and reusable dosimetry system using either film-like devices or devices similar to thermoluminescent dosimeter chips. The purposes of this work are to quantify the performance of KCl:Eu(2+) prototype dosimeters for low-dose measurements and to demonstrate how it can be incorporated into clinical application for in vivo peripheral dose measurements. Pellet-style KCl:Eu(2+) dosimeters, 6 mm in diameter, and 1 mm thick, were fabricated in-house for this study. The dosimeters were read using a laboratory photostimulated luminescence detection system. KCl:Eu(2+) prototype storage phosphor dosimeter was capable of measuring a dose-to-water as low as 0.01 cGy from a 6 MV photon beam with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 6. A pre-readout thermal annealing procedure enabled the dosimeter to be read within an hour post-irradiation. After receiving large accumulated doses (~10 kGy), the dosimeters retained linear response in the low-dose region with only a 20% loss of sensitivity comparing to a fresh sample (zero Gy history). The energy dependence encountered during low-dose peripheral measurements could be accounted for via a single point outside-field calibration per each beam quality. With further development the KCl:Eu(2+-)-based dosimeter could become a versatile and durable dosimetry tool with large dynamic range (sub-cGy to 100 Gy).
Surveillance of Acute Complications of New Therapies

In its essence, surveillance is the continuous gathering, analysis, and dissemination of data to those who need to know for the purposes of disease control. To understand the complications of new therapies, data concerning the type and number of complications (numerator) and the population at risk for complications (denominator) must be gathered. Information about the expected rates of complications among comparison populations must be known to place the observed rates into perspective. Such data may be developed through active or passive reporting systems, clinic-based surveillance, follow-up of sentinel events, and registries. An investigation of mortality among users of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps is used as an example.
CP-Violation as a Quantum Effect

For gauge theories with perturbative spontaneous symmetry breakdown it may happen that the question of $\mathrm{CP}$ invariance is solely settled by the structure of the quantum corrections to the classical scalar potential. It is shown that this can occur if and only if there exist spinless bosons which are massless in the tree aproximation and which are non-Goldstone modes. This can be achieved in a natural way (in the technical sense) if an accidental symmetry is present. The general theorem is illustrated with a few formal examples, some of which yield $\mathrm{CP}$ invariance and some $\mathrm{CP}$ violation. Our theorem also implies that if the leading radiative corrections opt for $\mathrm{CP}$ invariance, then the theory is $\mathrm{CP}$-invariant to all orders. Our examples further reveal the possibility that some gross features of the particle spectrum may also be solely determined by quantum effects.
Secondary surgery after digit replantation: its incidence and sequence.

This article discusses the incidence and sequence of secondary procedures following digital replantation. In published series addressing this topic, the overall frequency of postreplantation surgery ranged from 2.9-93.2%. Tendon procedures accounted for 47.2% of cases, and comprised the leading type of secondary operations. Tendon procedures were followed by joint procedures (18.9%), skeletal stabilization (12%), skin coverage (11.4%), nerve reconstruction (8.9%), and late amputation (1.6%). The number of secondary procedures per patient averaged from 1-4.5, depending on prioritization of different procedures. The order of restoration procedures should be as follows: supple skin coverage, skeletal stability, and protective and proprioceptive sensation. Joint reconstruction follows these procedures, which in turn is followed by tendon reconstruction.
Mentoring across global boundaries: an empirical examination of home- and host-country mentors on expatriate career outcomes

There has long been an interest in the effects of mentors on protege career outcomes, and with scholars now beginning to examine mentoring across national boundaries. Using survey information as well as company records for 299 expatriates (163 men, 136 women) in 10 countries, we examined the impact of home- and host-country mentors upon expatriate effectiveness. We found that having a host-country mentor had a significant positive effect on the expatriate's organizational knowledge, organizational knowledge-sharing, job performance, promotability, and perceptions of teamwork. Having a home-country mentor had a significant positive effect only on organizational knowledge, job performance, and promotability. Surprisingly, our results revealed that having a home-country mentor had a significant but negative effect on the expatriate's organization identification and job satisfaction. Contrary to the literature, neither type of mentoring had a significant effect on job tension. Implications for practice as well as future research are detailed.
Socioeconomic development and mortality levels in less developed countries.

Abstract Some demographers have argued that post‐World War II mortality declines in the less‐developed countries (LDC's) are not associated with economic and social development because of the diffusion of health and medical techniques from the developed to the underdeveloped countries. This paper examines the current relationship between socioeconomic development and mortality levels in 124 countries, 94 of which are LDC's. The argument is tested with a path model consisting of five multidimensional and three unidimensional indicators. Results indicate that for the LDC's, there is a very strong set of direct and indirect relationships between indicators of socioeconomic development and mortality. Between 62 and 80 per cent of the variances in the crude death rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy are explained in the LDC model. The empirical test of the model demonstrates that lower mortality levels in the LDC's are dependent on socioeconomic factors and health services; continued improvement of soci...
Measuring Market Power and Cost-Efficiency Effects of Industrial Concentration

In this paper I show how Appelbaum's framework for testing price-taking behavior in a single industry can be formally extended to consider concentration explicitly. In so doing, I separate the market power effect of concentration from its cost-efficiency effect. Data from the US beef-packing industry are used to illustrate an empirical application of the model. The findings support oligopsonistic market power and slaughter-cost efficiency in the industry. However, the cost-efficiency effect outweighs the market-power effect.
Information literacy and the academic library: a critical look at a concept and the controversies surrounding it

Abstract Despite information literacy’s significant presence in discussions in academic libraries and academe, librarians continue to debate the definition of the concept. This article seeks a shift from exploring definitions to designing solutions by demonstrating that the concept has been adequately delineated in the many existing writings on the topic.
Mariama Bâ and the Politics of the Family

Chronique sociale du Senegal postcolonial dans Une si longue lettre. Contradictions tradition/modernite et resurgence du fondamentalisme islamiste. Technique du journalisme verite par laquelle M. Bâ denonce les perversions contemporaines de la polygamie et presente une image progressive de la mere rompant avec les stereotypes de la litterature africaine
Structural insights into ABC transporter mechanism

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport substances across the membrane. In recent years, crystal structures of several ABC transporters have become available. These structures show that both importers and exporters oscillate between two conformations: an inward-facing conformation with the substrate translocation pathway open to the cytoplasm and an outward-facing conformation with the translocation pathway facing the opposite side of the membrane. In this review, conformational differences found in the structures of homologous ABC transporters are analyzed to understand how alternating-access is achieved. It appears that rigid-body rotations of the transmembrane subunits, coinciding with the opening and closing of the nucleotide-binding subunits, couples ATP hydrolysis to substrate translocation.
Myoglobinuria in Chronic Renal Failure

Serum and urine myoglobin levels were determined on 14 patients with stable chronic renal failure. Serum myoglobin ranged from 38 to 350 ng/mL. Eleven patients had myoglobinuria between 15 and 250 ng/mL; none developed myoglobinuric renal failure. Fractional excretion of myoglobin in the myoglobinuric patients increased as creatinine clearance decreased, although there was no correlation between filtered load and excretion rate of myoglobin. This confirms that renal failure leads to hypermyoglobinemia and usually to myoglobinuria. Surviving nephrons tend to reabsorb less of the filtered load of myoglobin as renal function diminishes.
Network neutrality is the new common carriage

Purpose – This article considers internet system development with reference to what is currently termed the “network neutrality” debate; its aim is to develop improved ways of reasoning about the role of the public interest in networked communications infrastructures.Design/methodology/approach – To assess the degree to which a general non‐discrimination rule would be possible or useful, this article this article reviews documented examples of differential service by internet service providers that already occur. It then compares these practices to older debates about common carriage.Findings – Most of the debate about network neutrality focuses on a few kinds of content discrimination, while there are many more varieties at work. While the focus of the debate has been legal, the problem is often technological. Many kinds of discrimination are now at work, often secretly.Practical implications – Rather than one grand, neutral rule for a neutral internet, there is a need for a normative framework that can ...
SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR INTERPOLATION AND SAMPLING HYPERSURFACES IN THE BERGMAN BALL

We give sufficient conditions for a closed smooth hypersurface W in the n-dimensional Bergman ball to be interpolating or sampling. As in the recent work [5] of Ortega-Cerda, Schuster and the second author on the Bargmann–Fock space, our sufficient conditions are expressed in terms of a geometric density of the hypersurface that, though less natural, is shown to be equivalent to Bergman ball analogs of the Beurling-type densities used in [5]. In the interpolation theorem we interpolate L2 data from W to the ball using the method of Ohsawa–Takegoshi, extended to the present setting, rather than the Cousin I approach used in [5]. In the sampling theorem, our proof is completely different from [5]. We adapt the more natural method of Berndtsson and Ortega-Cerda [1] to higher dimensions. This adaptation motivated the notion of density that we introduced. The approaches of [5] and the present paper both work in either the case of the Bergman ball or of the Bargmann–Fock space.
On Estimating the Reliability of Composite Indexes Through Factor Analysis

The rationale for Heise and Bohrnstedt's index of reliability, omega, is restated in terms of the models of classical measurement theory and factor analysis. Although omega is the best available internal-consistency estimate of reliability, its value is generally lower than a composite scale's true reliability in the classical measurement model. Under quite foreseeable circumstances, it may be appreciably lower. Some implications for forming indexes through factor analysis are discussed.
The large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe: a multiresolution analysis

A wavelet analysis, in the context of multiresolution, is performed to study the distribution of matter in the Universe at extragalactic scales. Specifically, a three-dimensional Haar system is used to extract statistical properties of large-scale structure. Despite the simplicity of the wavelet form, the method is effective for identifying general properties of gravitational clustering phenomena and for discriminating between cosmological models as realized in N-body simulations. >
Active guidance towards proper cane usage

The usage of conventional assistive cane devices is critical in reducing the risk of falls, which are particularly detrimental to the elderly and disabled. Individuals that experience the greatest risks rely on cane devices for support of ambulation. Results of many studies, however, have shown that incorrect cane usage is prevalent among cane users. The original SmartCane assistive system has been developed to provide a method for acquiring detailed motion data from cane usage. The cane itself, however, lacks any type of programmability as well as real-time data processing algorithms to provide feedback to the cane user. This paper describes the development of a real-time sensor information processing algorithm that provides direct detection of cane usage characteristics. Specifically, it supports direct feedback to the cane user, permitting guidance for proper cane usage and reducing the risk of falls. This paper also aims to improve upon the existing system by incorporating MicroLEAP, an energy-aware embedded computing platform. The new system provides local data processing capability by classifying whether an individual is executing a stride with proper cane motion and applied forces.
Two Fast Methods for High-Quality Line Visibility

Lines drawn over or in place of shaded 3D models can often provide greater comprehensibility and stylistic freedom than shading alone. A substantial challenge for making stylized line drawings from 3D models is the visibility computation. Current algorithms for computing line visibility in models of moderate complexity are either too slow for interactive rendering, or too brittle for coherent animation. We introduce two methods that exploit graphics hardware to provide fast and robust line visibility. First, we present a simple shader that performs a visibility test for high-quality, simple lines drawn with the conventional implementation. Next, we offer a full optimized pipeline that supports line visibility and a broad range of stylization options.
Variability of Lung Tumor Measurements on Repeat Computed Tomography Scans Taken Within 15 Minutes

Purpose We use changes in tumor measurements to assess response and progression, both in routine care and as the primary objective of clinical trials. However, the variability of computed tomography (CT) – based tumor measurement has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we assess the variability of lung tumor measurement using repeat CT scans performed within 15 minutes of each other and discuss the implications of this variability in a clinical context. Patients and Methods Patients with non–small-cell lung cancer and a target lung lesion 1 cm consented to undergo two CT scans within a period of minutes. Three experienced radiologists measured the diameter of the target lesion on the two scans in a side-by-side fashion, and differences were compared. Results Fifty-seven percent of changes exceeded 1 mm in magnitude, and 33% of changes exceeded 2 mm. Median increase and decrease in tumor measurements were 4.3% and 4.2%, respectively, and ranged from 23% shrinkage to 31% growth. Measurement changes were within 10% for 84% of measurements, whereas 3% met criteria for progression according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; 20% increase). Smaller lesions had greater variability of percent measurement change (P .005). Conclusion Apparent changes in tumor diameter exceeding 1 to 2 mm are common on immediate reimaging. Increases and decreases less than 10% can be a result of the inherent variability of reimaging. Caution should be exercised in interpreting the significance of small changes in lesion size in the care of individual patients and in the interpretation of clinical trial results. J Clin Oncol 29. © 2011 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Guiding, modulating, and emitting light on Silicon-challenges and opportunities

Silicon photonics could enable a chip-scale platform for monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics for applications of optical interconnects in which high data streams are required in a small footprint. This paper discusses mechanisms in silicon photonics for waveguiding, modulating, light amplification, and emission. These mechanisms, together with recent advances of fabrication techniques, have enabled the demonstration of ultracompact passive and active silicon photonic components with very low loss.
Psychosis with paranoid delusions after a therapeutic dose of mefloquine: a case report

Convenient once-a-week dosing has made mefloquine a popular choice as malaria prophylaxis for travel to countries with chloroquine-resistant malaria. However, the increased use of mefloquine over the past decade has resulted in reports of rare, but severe, neuropsychiatric adverse reactions, such as anxiety, depression, hallucinations and psychosis. A direct causality between mefloquine and severe reactions among travelers has been partly confounded by factors associated with foreign travel and, in the case of therapeutic doses of mefloquine, the central nervous system manifestations of Plasmodium infection itself. The present case provides a unique natural history of mefloquine-induced neuropsychiatric toxicity and revisits its dose-dependent nature. This report describes an acute exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms after an unwarranted therapeutic dose (1250 mg) of mefloquine in a 37-year-old male previously on a once-a-week prophylactic regimen. Neuropsychiatric symptoms began as dizziness and insomnia of several days duration, which was followed by one week of escalating anxiety and subtle alterations in behaviour. The patient's anxiety culminated into a panic episode with profound sympathetic activation. One week later, he was hospitalized after developing frank psychosis with psychomotor agitation and paranoid delusions. His psychosis remitted with low-dose quetiapine. This report suggests that an overt mefloquine-induced psychosis can be preceded by a prodromal phase of moderate symptoms such as dizziness, insomnia, and generalized anxiety. It is important that physicians advise patients taking mefloquine prophylaxis and their relatives to recognize such symptoms, especially when they are accompanied by abrupt, but subtle, changes in behaviour. Patients with a history of psychiatric illness, however minor, may be at increased risk for a mefloquine-induced neuropsychiatric toxicity. Physicians must explicitly caution patients not to self-medicate with a therapeutic course of mefloquine when a malaria diagnosis has not been confirmed.
Effect of surface waves on gain-guided transverse-grating waveguides with large mode area

We investigate gain-guided transverse-grating waveguides with large modal area for optical lasers/amplifiers. We show that surface modes could sustain higher modal gain than the fundamental core mode, which hinders the single mode propagation of gain guiding. We propose a scheme to remove such surface modes.
EXISTENCE OF STATIONARY VACUUM SOLUTIONS OF EINSTEIN'S EQUATIONS IN AN EXTERIOR DOMAIN

A proof is given for the existence and uniqueness of a stationary vacuum solution (.<#, g, £) of the boundary value problem consisting of Einstein's equations in an exterior domain ^ diffeomorphic lol x £ (where £ = (R 3 \B(0, /?)) and boundary data depending on the Killing field f on 3E. The boundary data must be sufficiently close to that of a stationary, spatially conformally fiat vacuum solution (JZ, J, |) .
Use of implantable temperature transponders for the determination of air cell temperature, eggshell water vapor conductance, and their functional relationships in embryonated broiler hatching eggs

Broiler hatching eggs obtained from a 29-wk-old Ross 308 breeder flock were weighed and set on 8 tray levels (60 eggs/level) of a single incubator. On d 10.5 of incubation, the eggs were weighed, and tem- perature transponders were implanted in the air cells of 4 randomly selected embryonated eggs per tray level for determination of internal egg temperature (IT). Two water-filled vials per tray level containing transponders were also placed within 5 cm of the implanted eggs for determination of external egg temperature (ET). Be- tween 10.5 and 18.5 d of incubation, ET and IT were recorded every 12 h. Egg weights and embryo survival were determined on 10.5 and 18.5 d of incubation and were used for the calculation of average daily incuba- tional weight loss of embryonated eggs (EWL) and av- erage daily percentage of EWL. Approximately 75% (24 out of 32) of the embryos in the implanted eggs survived through d 18.5 of incubation. Mean ET and IT were used to calculate the water vapor pressure gra- dient across the eggshell, which was subsequently used with EWL to calculate eggshell water vapor conduc- tance (GH2O) and specific GH2O (gH2O; GH2O adjusted to a 100-g set egg weight basis). Mean percentage of EWL, ET, IT, GH2O, and gH2O for the 10.5- to 18.5-d incubation period were 0.546 ± 0.02%, 37.1 ± 0.03°C, 37.8 ± 0.09°C, 13.9 ± 0.47 mg of H2O/d per Torr, and 24.5 ± 0.75 mg of H2O/d per Torr per 100 g, respec- tively. It was concluded that temperature transponders may be successfully implanted in the air cells of broiler hatching eggs to determine ET, IT, GH2O, and gH2O in Ross × Ross 308 broiler hatching eggs. Nevertheless, in- creased embryo survivability by further improving the implantation procedure may increase the practicality of temperature transponder use in commercial settings.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Absenteeism Related to Respiratory Illness in Schoolchildren

Household environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure accounts for substantial morbidity among young children, but the ETS-associated morbidity burden among school-age children is less well defined. Illness-related school absenteeism is a measure of a broad spectrum of adverse effects of ETS exposure in school-age children. The authors investigated the relations between ETS exposure, asthma status, and illness-related school absenteeism in a cohort of 1,932 fourth-grade schoolchildren from 12 southern California communities during January-June 1996. Incidence rates and adjusted relative risks of illness-related absences were determined by using an active surveillance system. The effects of ETS exposure on absenteeism were assessed by using stratified incidence rates and Poisson regression to adjust for sociodemographic factors. ETS exposure was associated with an increased risk of respiratory-illness-related school absences (relative risk (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.56). Children living in a household with two or more smokers were at increased risk of such absences (RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.30). Children's asthma status affected their response to ETS. Compared with unexposed children without asthma, children with asthma were at increased risk of respiratory-illness-related school absences when exposed to one (RR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.71) or two or more (RR = 4.45, 95% CI: 2.80, 7.07) household smokers. Children without asthma also had an increased risk if exposed to two or more smokers (RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.00). Therefore, ETS exposure is associated with increased respiratory-related school absenteeism among children, especially those with asthma.
An integrated industrial management facility for biological treatment of high nitrate and carbonaceous wastewater

Biological wastewater treatment is not typically used for wastewater with high nitrate and carbonaceous content. Hence, facilities demonstrating effective treatment are of interest to the worldwide environmental community. DuPont's Nylon Intermediates manufacturing plant at Victoria, Texas, started operating such a wastewater facility approximately three years ago. The new wastewater management facility features an innovative anoxic/oxic (A/O) biological treatment plant, a constructed wetland, and land application pilot area for demonstrating beneficial reuse of the biosolids. The wastewater treatment process is working well, with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal above 99%, complete removal of nitrate and nitrite, and 100% permit compliance, since skill-up. The wetland has exceeded expectations for polishing, buffering, and community value. Land application has demonstrated beneficial reuse of biosolids by producing excellent quality hay, which is being fed to animals in a non-human food chain pathway. The waste treatment facility has won numerous awards including the 2001 Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) Award for Wetland Education, the 2000 Water Environmental Federation (WEF) Industrial Water Quality Award, the 2001 WEF Award for Education, and the 2002 DuPout Sustainable Growth Award.
Relationship between clinical measures and histopathologic findings in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective Describe detailed histopathologic findings from a cohort of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and evaluate whether histologic measures correlate with baseline clinical factors.
Learning on their own: Vocationally oriented self‐directed learning projects

There has been growing interest in the application of self-directed learning to the workplace. Because this emerging literature tends to be prescriptive, little is known about the types and occurrence of job-related self-directed learning. The exploratory research reported here investigated two basic associated issues: Are there different types of vocationally oriented self-directed learning projects (VO SDLPs). And what organizational or individual factors affect their occurrence? Fifty-six nonexempt employees from five organizations were interviewed to identify the VO SDLPs they had undertaken in the prior year. Using a grounded theory approach, three main kinds were detected: induced, synergistic, and voluntary. A model for understanding the occurrence of these VO SDLPs was developed and presented. © 2000 by Jossey-Bass, A Publishing Unit of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Choose Your Own Adventure: Attachment Dynamics in a Simulated Relationship

According to attachment theory, insecure individuals respond to events in their romantic relationships in ways that sometimes can be destructive. The objective of this research was to examine how these responses may accumulate over repeated interactions to influence the quality of the relationship. Across three studies, participants were presented with a "Choose Your Own Adventure" dating story in which they made choices based on their partners' behaviors. In each study we found that attachment styles predicted the kinds of choices participants made at the outset of and throughout the story. Additionally, relationship satisfaction was related to the choices participants made throughout the fictional narrative, even in situations in which the partner's behavior was the same for all participants.
Correlative Effects of Puromycin on 131I Metabolism and Amino Acid Incorporation by Calf Thyroid Slices

In an effort to determine whether the iodination of tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin occurs before or after protein synthesis in the biogenesis of thyroid hormones, the effects of puromycin on the organification of iodide and on protein synthesis were compared in slices from calf thyroid glands in vitro. A concentration of 3×1O-5M puromycin inhibited the incorporation of Lleucine- l-14C into thyroprotein, including thyroglobulin, almost completely, but had virtually no effect on the formation of proteinbound 131MIT and 13lDIT. It is concluded that the iodination of tyrosine occurs within the matrix of the preformed thyroglobulin molecule. Higher concentrations of puromycin were found to have an inhibitory effect on the formation of protein-bound iodine similar to that of other compounds which inhibit organic binding of thyroidal iodide. (Endocrinology 76: 295, 1965)
Reduced Na+ -K+ pump activity in diabetic rabbit carotid artery : reversal by aldose reductase inhibition

This study addresses the question of whether a decrease in basal Na+ pump [Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase)] activity occurs in the carotid artery of an alloxan-diabetic rabbit and, if so, whether it is associated with altered 86Rb+ uptake and contractile response to ouabain and K(+)-free solution. Ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake, an index of Na+ pump activity, was diminished approximately 50% in carotid arteries from diabetic rabbits. Concurrent with this, contractions induced by incubating the carotid arteries in a K(+)-free solution (in the absence of phentolamine) were significantly larger in the diabetic group. Readdition of K+ (1 mM) to arteries contracted with the K(+)-free solution caused relaxations that were slower to occur and of lesser magnitude in diabetic than in control rabbits. In contrast to the contractions caused by the K(+)-free medium, contractions caused by incubation with ouabain (1 mM) in the presence of phentolamine were significantly smaller in the diabetic group. Treatment of diabetic rabbits with an aldose reductase inhibitor, zopolrestat, at both high and low doses restored the alterations in vascular reactivity toward normal. The results indicate that the Na+ pump activity is diminished in the carotid artery of diabetic rabbit, and this is associated with abnormal vascular responsiveness and increased polyol pathway flux.
Mickiewicz at the Collège de France

On December 22, 1840, at two o’clock in the afternoon, the author of these words stood in the College de France. Before him was a brilliant audience, which included the Polish poet Niemcewicz, a veteran both of Polish culture and of the struggle for independence, Prince Adam Czartoryski, the leading figure among the Polish emigres, Charles Montalembert, the great politician and champion of the Polish cause, Faucher, the playwright and journalist, Nicholas Turgenev, author of La Russie et les Russes, Salvandy, former Minister of Education, Jean-Jacques Ampere, son of the great physicist and himself professor of French literature at the College de France, a scattering of German, Dalmatian, Montenegrin, and Russian listeners, and a crowd of French and Polish auditors. The hall was packed.3
Are Delaware LLC Members Status Fiduciaries Imbued with Loyalty

This paper argues that fiduciary duties should not be utilized to replace contractual good faith with a duty of loyalty in Delaware LLCs.
Utility of whole-genome sequencing for detection of newborn screening disorders in a population cohort of 1,696 neonates

To assess the potential of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to replicate and augment results from conventional blood-based newborn screening (NBS). Research-generated WGS data from an ancestrally diverse cohort of 1,696 infants and both parents of each infant were analyzed for variants in 163 genes involved in disorders included or under discussion for inclusion in US NBS programs. WGS results were compared with results from state NBS and related follow-up testing. NBS genes are generally well covered by WGS. There is a median of one (range: 0–6) database-annotated pathogenic variant in the NBS genes per infant. Results of WGS and NBS in detecting 28 state-screened disorders and four hemoglobin traits were concordant for 88.6% of true positives (n = 35) and 98.9% of true negatives (n = 45,757). Of the five infants affected with a state-screened disorder, WGS identified two whereas NBS detected four. WGS yielded fewer false positives than NBS (0.037 vs. 0.17%) but more results of uncertain significance (0.90 vs. 0.013%). WGS may help rule in and rule out NBS disorders, pinpoint molecular diagnoses, and detect conditions not amenable to current NBS assays. Genet Med 18 3, 221–230.
Correlates of Success in Introductory Programming: A Study with Middle School Students.

The demand for computing professionals in the workplace has led to increased attention to computer science education, and introductory computer science courses have been introduced at different levels of education. This study investigated the relationship between gender, academic performance in non-programming subjects, and programming learning performance among middle school students with no prior programming experience who took an introductory programming course. We found that girls performed as well as or even better than boys in introductory programming among high-ability Chinese middle school students. However, we found that, instead of gender, students’ performance differences in programming were better explained by their academic performance in non-programming subjects. Students’ math ability was strongly related to their programming performance, and their English ability was the best predictor of their success in introductory programming for these Chinese students. Findings confirm previous studies that have shown a relationship between students’ math ability and performance in learning to program, but the relationship between English ability and introductory programming was unexpected. While this relationship may be specific to students whose first language is not English, aspects of native language may pose hidden barriers that might affect all students’ success in introductory programming.